May close#8087, but cannot test macOS builtin Japanese IME.
## Summary
PR #8031 (harfrust text shaping) introduced a regression: when harfrust
shapes multi-codepoint clusters (flag emojis, ligatures, combining
marks) into fewer glyphs than input characters, the invariant
`glyphs.len() == char_count` breaks. This causes IME composition to
duplicate characters and text selection to behave incorrectly.
## Fix
In `layout_shaped_run()`, after emitting shaped glyphs for a cluster, we
now check if the cluster had more characters than glyphs. If so,
zero-width "continuation" glyphs are emitted for the extra characters,
restoring the 1:1 glyph-to-character mapping.
Continuation glyphs have `UvRect::default()` (`is_nothing() == true`),
so `tessellate_glyphs` skips them entirely. Background, underline, and
strikethrough rendering handle zero-width glyphs naturally.
Only `crates/epaint/src/text/text_layout.rs` is modified. No changes to
cursor logic, selection code, or public API.
## Test plan
- [x] `cargo fmt --all -- --check`
- [x] `cargo clippy -p epaint --tests`
- [x] `cargo test -p epaint -p egui` (all pass)
- [x] New test `test_grapheme_cluster_glyph_count`: verifies glyph count
== char count for flag emojis, combining marks, and plain ASCII
- [x] New test `test_grapheme_cluster_cursor_roundtrip`: verifies cursor
position stability through `pos_from_cursor` -> `cursor_from_pos`
round-trips on text containing flag emojis
- [x] Manual testing with demo app: selection and cursor navigation work
correctly on `A🇯🇵B`
- [ ] IME testing (macOS Japanese IME) needs to be validated by someone
on macOS
---
**This PR was developed with the assistance of Claude Code.**
---------
Co-authored-by: Emil Ernerfeldt <emil.ernerfeldt@gmail.com>
* Related to #56 (Improve text — tracking issue)
## Summary
This PR integrates [harfrust](https://crates.io/crates/harfrust) (a
pure-Rust port of HarfBuzz) into epaint's text layout pipeline,
replacing the character-by-character glyph positioning with proper
OpenType text shaping.
### What this enables
- **GPOS kerning**: most modern fonts only ship kerning in GPOS tables
(not the legacy `kern` table). Pairs like "AV", "VA", "AT" are now
properly tightened.
- **GSUB substitutions**: ligatures (fi, fl), contextual alternates, and
other OpenType features.
- **Combining marks**: diacritics (e.g. ɔ̃) are positioned via anchor
tables instead of being rendered as standalone replacement glyphs.
### Before/After
#### Kerning, etc.
<img width="838" height="726" alt="before_main"
src="https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/f0f26d5f-b117-43a6-b39c-ea40d2e73836"
/>
<img width="838" height="726" alt="after_harfrust"
src="https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/d983e5da-486c-4f39-bd4f-5782a90c6b39"
/>
#### Ligatures
<img width="1117" height="698" alt="before_closeup"
src="https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/7a3b08b4-cf6f-45b7-98ba-07c473cd3b02"
/>
<img width="1117" height="698" alt="after_closeup"
src="https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/6cfc5f21-d32f-4f09-be0c-59c8c553d44f"
/>
### Architecture
The shaping integrates into the existing pipeline without changing the
public API:
1. **`Font::segment_into_runs`** — segments text into contiguous runs by
font face (grapheme-cluster aware, never splits combining sequences)
2. **`FontFace::shape_text`** — calls harfrust to shape each run,
returning glyph IDs + positioned advances/offsets
3. **`layout_shaped_run`** — emits `Glyph` structs from the shaping
output, with NOTDEF fallback to other font faces for missing glyphs
4. **Buffer recycling** — `FontsImpl` pools a `harfrust::UnicodeBuffer`
to avoid per-layout allocations
### Disclaimer
I'm far from being a good Rust programmer. Claude Code did most of the
heavy lifting here. I did my best and used my limited knowledge to avoid
making too many mistakes. If this PR isn't up to quality standards,
please don't hesitate to close it.
## Test plan
- [x] `cargo test -p epaint` — all 18 text tests pass, including 6 new
ones
- [x] `cargo clippy -p epaint --all-features` — clean
- [x] `cargo fmt` — clean
- [ ] Snapshot tests need regeneration (expected: shaping changes glyph
positions)
- New tests added:
- `test_gpos_kerning` — verifies GPOS kerning tightens "AV", "VA", "AT"
pairs
- `test_combining_diacritics` — combining tilde doesn't add extra width
- `test_shaping_basic_latin` — sanity check for Latin text
- `test_shaping_empty_string` — empty input doesn't panic
- `test_shaping_multiple_newlines` — newline splitting works correctly
- `test_shaping_mixed_font_fallback` — Latin + emoji in same string
---------
Co-authored-by: Emil Ernerfeldt <emil.ernerfeldt@gmail.com>
- fix for https://github.com/rerun-io/reality/pull/1075
The galleys row size was calculated by looking at the last glyphs pos_x,
which got changed to be rounded to integers when we added subpixel
binning. This introduced a subtle bug which caused the width of galleys
to be slightly off.
This PR fixes this by looking at the actual cursor position instead,
which is not rounded.
Also added a test to ensure this is correct. Previously, for the second
and last line, the `x` was too close to the `0`.
<img width="48" height="67" alt="image"
src="https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/a69a4cc3-b3f3-4553-ab92-73cb2e7a358c"
/>
---------
Co-authored-by: lucasmerlin <8009393+lucasmerlin@users.noreply.github.com>
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* Closes N/A
* [x] I have followed the instructions in the PR template
This was mostly from last month, but I never got around to submitting
it.
This PR adds font variation coordinates to the `TextFormat` struct, and
uses them when rendering text. The coordinates are stored in a
`SmallVec`; I've chosen to store up to 2 inline, which makes it take up
24 bytes (the minimum possible for a `SmallVec`). The variation axis
tags are stored as the `font_types::Tag` type, which I've chosen to
re-export from `epaint::text`.
The variation coordinates are resolved to a `skrifa::Location` during
font rendering/scaling, and are cached in the same way as all the other
scaled metrics. I've renamed the `ScaledMetrics` struct to
`StyledMetrics`, since it now also contains the resolved variation
coordinates. I haven't benchmarked the performance of text layout with
variation coordinates, but the existing text layout performance is
unchanged.
I've replaced the API for manually overriding a font's weight
(https://github.com/emilk/egui/pull/7790) with an API for manually
overriding any variation coordinates via `FontTweak`. This should
support the same use case as #7790 while being substantially more
flexible.
I have *not* yet added any higher-level API for mapping style attributes
(weight, width, slant, etc) to variation coordinates or to different
font faces within a single family. That's a pretty huge can of worms,
and it'd involve rethinking the split between `FontId` and `TextFormat`
(and whether `FontId` is so big that we should provide a way to reuse
it). This API is intentionally pretty low-level for now.
Likewise, I've intentionally not used variation coordinates when
computing a font's row height. I can't think of any fonts that change
their vertical metrics depending on variation axes, so this should be
fine for now.
---------
Co-authored-by: Emil Ernerfeldt <emil.ernerfeldt@gmail.com>
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* Closes N/A
* [x] I have followed the instructions in the PR template
I'll probably come back to this and clean it up a bit. This PR
reimplements ab_glyph's functionality on top of Skrifa, a somewhat
lower-level font API that's being used in Chrome now.
Skrifa doesn't perform rasterization itself, so I'm using
[vello_cpu](https://github.com/linebender/vello) from the Linebender
project for rasterization. It's still in its early days, but I believe
it's already quite fast. It also supports color and gradient fills, so
color emoji support will be easier.
Skrifa also supports font hinting, which should make text look a bit
nicer / less blurry.
Here's the current ab_glyph rendering:
<img width="1592" height="1068" alt="image"
src="https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/2385b66e-23f8-4c6e-b8c2-ea90e0eea4e4"
/>
Here's Skrifa *without* hinting--it looks almost identical, but there
are some subpixel differences, probably due to rasterizer behavior:
<img width="1592" height="1068" alt="image"
src="https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/a815f3e9-65ac-4940-bc00-571177bef53d"
/>
Here's Skrifa *with* hinting:
<img width="1592" height="1068" alt="image"
src="https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/d6cc0669-3537-4377-bba9-ed5ef09664db"
/>
Hinting does make the horizontal strokes look a bit bolder, which makes
me wonder once again about increasing the font weight from "light" to
"regular".
---------
Co-authored-by: Emil Ernerfeldt <emil.ernerfeldt@gmail.com>
Selected text now gets the color of `visuals.selection.stroke.color`.
This means you can have inverted colors for selected text, like in the
new test:
<img width="154" height="46" alt="image"
src="https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/2666361d-d7e2-4d50-8e4d-2fcc128f1a81"
/>
It also means the color of selected text in labels matches that of the
text color of selected buttons.
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Moves `ends_with_newline` into `PlacedRow` to avoid clones during
layout.
I don't think there was a rationale stronger than "don't change too
much" for not doing this in https://github.com/emilk/egui/pull/5411, so
I should've just done this from the start.
This was a significant part of the profile for text layout (as it cloned
almost every `Row`, even though it only needed to change a single
boolean).
Before:
<img width="757" height="250" alt="image"
src="https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/d1c2afd1-f1ec-4cf5-9d05-f5a5a78052df"
/>
After:
<img width="615" height="249" alt="image"
src="https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/c70966da-c892-4e84-adba-494d0f37f263"
/>
(note that these profiles focus solely on the top-level
`Galley::layout_inline` subtree, also don't compare sample count as the
duration of these tests was completely arbitrary)
egui_demo_lib `*text_layout*` benches:
<img width="791" height="461" alt="image"
src="https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/4f97ce84-2768-4876-9488-d42f8f358ed1"
/>
* [X] I have followed the instructions in the PR template
(As usual, the tests fail for me even on master but the failures on
master and with these changes seem the same :))
* Follow up to #7146
Previously when galleys were splitted, each exept the last had an extra
empty row that had to be removed when they were concated. This changes
it to remove the `\n` from the layout jobs when splitting.
* [x] I have followed the instructions in the PR template
Splitting this out from the Parley work as requested. This removes
`FontImage` and makes the font atlas use a `ColorImage`. It converts
alpha to coverage at glyph-drawing time, not at delta-upload time.
This doesn't do much now, but will allow for color emoji rendering once
we start using Parley.
I've changed things around so that we pass in `text_alpha_to_coverage`
to the `Fonts` the same way we do with `pixels_per_point` and
`max_texture_side`, reusing the existing code to check if the setting
differs and recreating the font atlas if so. I'm not quite sure why this
wasn't done in the first place.
I've left `ImageData` as an enum for now, in case we want to add support
for more texture pixel formats in the future (which I personally think
would be worthwhile). If you'd like, I can just remove that enum
entirely.
## What
(written by @emilk)
When editing long text (thousands of line), egui would previously
re-layout the entire text on each edit. This could be slow.
With this PR, we instead split the text into paragraphs (split on `\n`)
and then cache each such paragraph. When editing text then, only the
changed paragraph needs to be laid out again.
Still, there is overhead from splitting the text, hashing each
paragraph, and then joining the results, so the runtime complexity is
still O(N).
In our benchmark, editing a 2000 line string goes from ~8ms to ~300 ms,
a speedup of ~25x.
In the future, we could also consider laying out each paragraph in
parallel, to speed up the initial layout of the text.
## Details
This is an ~~almost complete~~ implementation of the approach described
by emilk [in this
comment](<https://github.com/emilk/egui/issues/3086#issuecomment-1724205777>),
excluding CoW semantics for `LayoutJob` (but including them for `Row`).
It supersedes the previous unsuccessful attempt here:
https://github.com/emilk/egui/pull/4000.
Draft because:
- [X] ~~Currently individual rows will have `ends_with_newline` always
set to false.
This breaks selection with Ctrl+A (and probably many other things)~~
- [X] ~~The whole block for doing the splitting and merging should
probably become a function (I'll do that later).~~
- [X] ~~I haven't run the check script, the tests, and haven't made sure
all of the examples build (although I assume they probably don't rely on
Galley internals).~~
- [x] ~~Layout is sometimes incorrect (missing empty lines, wrapping
sometimes makes text overlap).~~
- A lot of text-related code had to be changed so this needs to be
properly tested to ensure no layout issues were introduced, especially
relating to the now row-relative coordinate system of `Row`s. Also this
requires that we're fine making these very breaking changes.
It does significantly improve the performance of rendering large blocks
of text (if they have many newlines), this is the test program I used to
test it (adapted from <https://github.com/emilk/egui/issues/3086>):
<details>
<summary>code</summary>
```rust
use eframe::egui::{self, CentralPanel, TextEdit};
use std::fmt::Write;
fn main() -> Result<(), eframe::Error> {
let options = eframe::NativeOptions {
..Default::default()
};
eframe::run_native(
"editor big file test",
options,
Box::new(|_cc| Ok(Box::<MyApp>::new(MyApp::new()))),
)
}
struct MyApp {
text: String,
}
impl MyApp {
fn new() -> Self {
let mut string = String::new();
for line_bytes in (0..50000).map(|_| (0u8..50)) {
for byte in line_bytes {
write!(string, " {byte:02x}").unwrap();
}
write!(string, "\n").unwrap();
}
println!("total bytes: {}", string.len());
MyApp { text: string }
}
}
impl eframe::App for MyApp {
fn update(&mut self, ctx: &egui::Context, _frame: &mut eframe::Frame) {
CentralPanel::default().show(ctx, |ui| {
let start = std::time::Instant::now();
egui::ScrollArea::vertical().show(ui, |ui| {
let code_editor = TextEdit::multiline(&mut self.text)
.code_editor()
.desired_width(f32::INFINITY)
.desired_rows(40);
let response = code_editor.show(ui).response;
if response.changed() {
println!("total bytes now: {}", self.text.len());
}
});
let end = std::time::Instant::now();
let time_to_update = end - start;
if time_to_update.as_secs_f32() > 0.5 {
println!("Long update took {:.3}s", time_to_update.as_secs_f32())
}
});
}
}
```
</details>
I think the way to proceed would be to make a new type, something like
`PositionedRow`, that would wrap an `Arc<Row>` but have a separate `pos`
~~and `ends_with_newline`~~ (that would mean `Row` only holds a `size`
instead of a `rect`). This type would of course have getters that would
allow you to easily get a `Rect` from it and probably a `Deref` to the
underlying `Row`.
~~I haven't done this yet because I wanted to get some opinions whether
this would be an acceptable API first.~~ This is now implemented, but of
course I'm still open to discussion about this approach and whether it's
what we want to do.
Breaking changes (currently):
- The `Galley::rows` field has a different type.
- There is now a `PlacedRow` wrapper for `Row`.
- `Row` now uses a coordinate system relative to itself instead of the
`Galley`.
* Closes <https://github.com/emilk/egui/issues/3086>
* [X] I have followed the instructions in the PR template
---------
Co-authored-by: Emil Ernerfeldt <emil.ernerfeldt@gmail.com>
Enabled the `missing_assert_message` lint
* [x] I have followed the instructions in the PR template
---------
Co-authored-by: Lucas Meurer <lucasmeurer96@gmail.com>
This removes the `expand(1.0)` on text background colors, since it makes
translucent background colors have bad looking bleeding.
There is probably a smarter solution than disabling the highlighting
entirely, but I don't see a way to do that while keeping the area
consumed consistent between translucent/solid colors, or adding a decent
step up in complexity.
Since this makes it impossible to tell if selected text is highlighted,
this also adds a blanket `0.5` gamma multiply to the text selection
background color. If that is undesirable because it's a bad arbitrary
number choice, or if it's too much of an unexpected change and just the
default values should be changed, please let me know.
These changes cause the tests that use screenshots with highlighted text
to fail, though I am not sure how to update those tests to match the
changes.
<details>
<summary>Comparison Images</summary>
Current:
After changes:
</details>
<details>
<summary>Code used to make comparison images</summary>
```rs
fn color_text_format(ui: &Ui, color: Color32) -> TextFormat {
TextFormat { font_id: FontId::monospace(ui.text_style_height(&egui::TextStyle::Monospace)), background: color, ..Default::default() }
}
fn color_sequence_galley(ui: &Ui, text: &str, colors: [Color32; 3]) -> Arc<Galley> {
let mut layout_job = LayoutJob::default();
for color in colors {
layout_job.append(text, 0.0, color_text_format(ui, color));
}
ui.fonts(|f| f.layout_job(layout_job))
}
fn color_sequence_row(ui: &mut Ui, label_text: &str, text: &str, colors: [Color32; 3]) {
ui.label(label_text);
ui.label(color_sequence_galley(ui, text, colors));
ui.end_row();
}
egui::Grid::new("comparison display").show(ui, |ui| {
ui.ctx().set_pixels_per_point(2.0);
let transparent = Color32::TRANSPARENT;
let solid = Color32::RED;
let solid_2 = Color32::GREEN;
let translucent_1 = Color32::GRAY.gamma_multiply(0.5);
let translucent_2 = Color32::GREEN.gamma_multiply(0.5);
color_sequence_row(ui, "Transparent to Solid:", " ", [transparent, solid, transparent]);
color_sequence_row(ui, "Translucent to Transparent:", " ", [transparent, translucent_1, transparent]);
color_sequence_row(ui, "Solid to Transparent:", " ", [solid, solid_2, solid]);
color_sequence_row(ui, "Solid to Solid:", " ", [solid, transparent, solid]);
color_sequence_row(ui, "Solid to Translucent:", " ", [solid, translucent_1, solid]);
color_sequence_row(ui, "Translucent to Translucent:", " ", [translucent_1, translucent_2, translucent_1]);
color_sequence_row(ui, "Transparent to Solid:", "a", [transparent, solid, transparent]);
color_sequence_row(ui, "Translucent to Transparent:", "a", [transparent, translucent_1, transparent]);
color_sequence_row(ui, "Solid to Transparent:", "a", [solid, solid_2, solid]);
color_sequence_row(ui, "Solid to Solid:", "a", [solid, transparent, solid]);
color_sequence_row(ui, "Solid to Translucent:", "a", [solid, translucent_1, solid]);
color_sequence_row(ui, "Translucent to Translucent:", "a", [translucent_1, translucent_2, translucent_1]);
})
```
</details>
* [x] I have followed the instructions in the PR template
---------
Co-authored-by: Emil Ernerfeldt <emil.ernerfeldt@gmail.com>
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I removed (I hope so) all wildcard imports I found.
For me on my pc this improved the build time:
- for egui -5s
- for eframe -12s
* [x] I have followed the instructions in the PR template
Previously, many labels had non-integer widths. This lead to rounding
errors.
This was most notable for the new `Area` sizing code:
We would run the initial sizing pass, to measure the size of e.g. a
tooltip.
Say the tooltip contains text that was 100.123 ui points wide. With a
16pt border, that becomes 116.123, which is stored in the `Area` state
as the width. The next frame, we use that stored size as the wrapping
width. With perfect precision, we would then tell the label to wrap to
100.123 pts, which the text would _just_ fit in. However, due to
rounding errors we might end up asking it to wrap to 100.12**2** pts,
meaning the last word would now wrap and end up on the next line.
By rounding label sizes to perfect integers, we avoid such rounding
errors, and most ui elements will now end up on perfect integer point
coordinates (and `f32` can precisely express and do arithmetic on all
integers < 2^24).
Visually this has very little impact. Some labels move by a pixel here
and there, mostly for the better.
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I had to make a couple types not Copy because closures, but it should'nt
be a massive deal.
I tried my best to make the API change as non breaking as possible.
Anywhere a PathStroke is used, you can just use a normal Stroke instead.
As mentioned above, the bezier paths couldn't be copy anymore, but IMO
that's a minor caveat.
---------
Co-authored-by: Emil Ernerfeldt <emil.ernerfeldt@gmail.com>
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While breaking a paragraph, it was possible to lose line break
candidates that could've been used on the next line, causing egui to
unnecessarily overrun `wrap.max_width`.
This PR fixes it so that we don't forget about those candidates.
Before:
Note that the window can't resize to the requested width because the
text is not wrapping.
https://github.com/emilk/egui/assets/1410520/6430a334-2995-4b40-bc34-8f01923f9f95
After:
https://github.com/emilk/egui/assets/1410520/225fa4cd-cbbb-4a7e-9580-7f1814c05ee7
---------
Co-authored-by: Emil Ernerfeldt <emil.ernerfeldt@gmail.com>
* Add Row::text
* Rename elide_at_width -> truncate_at_width
* Move text layout tests to own module
* Add test to check that elision character is always included
* Include elision character in more circumstances
* Append overflow character if we can't replace
* Always append … when eliding
* Add a secondary text to the text layout demo
* Add `TextFormat::extra_letter_spacing`
* Add control of line height
* Add to text layout demo
* Move the text layout demo to its own window in the demo app
* Fix doclink
* Better document points vs pixels
* Better documentation and code cleanup
* Add option to clip text to wrap width
* Spelling
* Better naming, and report back wether the text was elided
* Improve docstrings
* Simplify
* Fix max_rows with multiple paragraphs
* Add note
* Typos
* fix doclink
* Add `Label::elide`
* Label: show full non-elided text on hover
* Add demo of `Label::elide`
* Call it `Label::truncate`
* Clarify limitations of `break_anywhere`
* Better docstrings
* use font metrics in layout
* properly center scaled fonts
* adjust docs
* fix raised text
* fix easymark viewer small text alignment
caused by variable row heights
Closes https://github.com/emilk/egui/issues/2068
Before this PR, the default font, Ubuntu-Light, was ~11% smaller
than it should have been, and the default monospace font, Hack,
was ~14% smaller. This means that setting the font size `12` in egui
would yield smaller text than using that font size in any other app.
Ooops!
The change is that this PR now takes into account the ttf properties
`units_per_em` and `height_unscaled`.
If your egui application has specified you own font sizes or text styles
you will see the text in your application grow
larger, unless you go in and compensate by dividing all font sizes by
~1.21 for Ubuntu-Light/Proportional and ~1.16 for Hack/Monospace,
and with something else if you are using a custom font!
This effects any use of `FontId`, `RichText::size`, etc.
This PR changes the default `Style::text_styles` to compensate,
so the default egui style should look the same before and after this PR.
