Add safe area and document coordinate systems (#3890)

Added `Window::safe_area`, which describes the area of the surface that
is unobstructed by notches, bezels etc. The drawing code in the examples
have been updated to draw a star inside the safe area, and the plain
background outside of it.

Also renamed `Window::inner_position` to `Window::surface_position`, and
changed it to from screen coordinates to window coordinates, to better
align how these coordinate systems work together.

Finally, added some SVG images and documentation to describe how all of
this works.

This is fully implemented on macOS and iOS, and partially on the web.

Co-authored-by: daxpedda <daxpedda@gmail.com>

src/platform_impl/web/event_loop/runner.rs

@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ use crate::dpi::PhysicalSize;
 use crate::event::{DeviceEvent, ElementState, Event, RawKeyEvent, StartCause, WindowEvent};
 use crate::event_loop::{ControlFlow, DeviceEvents};
 use crate::platform::web::{PollStrategy, WaitUntilStrategy};
-use crate::platform_impl::platform::backend::EventListenerHandle;
+use crate::platform_impl::platform::backend::{EventListenerHandle, SafeAreaHandle};
 use crate::platform_impl::platform::r#async::DispatchRunner;
 use crate::platform_impl::platform::window::Inner;
 use crate::window::WindowId;
@@ -57,6 +57,7 @@ struct Execution {
     redraw_pending: RefCell<HashSet<WindowId>>,
     destroy_pending: RefCell<VecDeque<WindowId>>,
     pub(crate) monitor: Rc<MonitorHandler>,
+    safe_area: Rc<SafeAreaHandle>,
     page_transition_event_handle: RefCell<Option<backend::PageTransitionEventHandle>>,
     device_events: Cell<DeviceEvents>,
     on_mouse_move: OnEventHandle<PointerEvent>,
@@ -151,6 +152,8 @@ impl Shared {
                 WeakShared(weak.clone()),
             );
 
+            let safe_area = SafeAreaHandle::new(&window, &document);
+
             Execution {
                 main_thread,
                 event_loop_proxy: Arc::new(proxy_spawner),
@@ -170,6 +173,7 @@ impl Shared {
                 redraw_pending: RefCell::new(HashSet::new()),
                 destroy_pending: RefCell::new(VecDeque::new()),
                 monitor: Rc::new(monitor),
+                safe_area: Rc::new(safe_area),
                 page_transition_event_handle: RefCell::new(None),
                 device_events: Cell::default(),
                 on_mouse_move: RefCell::new(None),
@@ -826,6 +830,10 @@ impl Shared {
     pub(crate) fn monitor(&self) -> &Rc<MonitorHandler> {
         &self.0.monitor
     }
+
+    pub(crate) fn safe_area(&self) -> &Rc<SafeAreaHandle> {
+        &self.0.safe_area
+    }
 }
 
 #[derive(Clone, Debug)]