Winit version 0.31.0-beta.1

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/bug_ios.yml

@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 name: iOS bug
-description: Create an iOS/UIKit-specific bug report
+description: Create an iOS-specific bug report
 labels:
   - B - bug
-  - DS - uikit
+  - DS - ios
 body:
   - type: markdown
     attributes:

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/bug_macos.yml

@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
-name: macOS bug
+name: MacOS bug
 description: Create a macOS-specific bug report
 labels:
   - B - bug
-  - DS - appkit
+  - DS - macos
 body:
   - type: markdown
     attributes:

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/bug_windows.yml

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ name: Windows bug
 description: Create a Windows-specific bug report
 labels:
   - B - bug
-  - DS - win32
+  - DS - windows
 body:
   - type: markdown
     attributes:

.github/workflows/ci.yml

@@ -124,7 +124,7 @@ jobs:
       # the cache has been downloaded.
       #
       # This could be avoided if we added Cargo.lock to the repository.
-      uses: actions/cache/restore@v5
+      uses: actions/cache/restore@v4
       with:
         # https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/guide/cargo-home.html#caching-the-cargo-home-in-ci
         path: |
@@ -145,7 +145,7 @@ jobs:
     - name: Cache cargo-apk
       if: contains(matrix.platform.target, 'android')
       id: cargo-apk-cache
-      uses: actions/cache@v5
+      uses: actions/cache@v4
       with:
         path: ~/.cargo/bin/cargo-apk
         # Change this key if we update the required cargo-apk version
@@ -160,7 +160,7 @@ jobs:
       if: contains(matrix.platform.target, 'android') && (steps.cargo-apk-cache.outputs.cache-hit != 'true')
       run: cargo install cargo-apk --version=^0.9.7 --locked
 
-    - uses: taiki-e/cache-cargo-install-action@v3
+    - uses: taiki-e/cache-cargo-install-action@v2
       if: contains(matrix.platform.target, 'wasm32') && matrix.toolchain == 'nightly'
       with:
         tool: wasm-bindgen-cli
@@ -281,7 +281,7 @@ jobs:
 
     # See restore step above
     - name: Save cache of cargo folder
-      uses: actions/cache/save@v5
+      uses: actions/cache/save@v4
       with:
         path: |
           ~/.cargo/registry/index/

.github/workflows/docs.yml

@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ jobs:
       id-token: write
 
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v6
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v5
 
       - uses: dtolnay/rust-toolchain@master
         with:

Cargo.toml

@@ -8,22 +8,22 @@ edition = "2024"
 license = "Apache-2.0"
 repository = "https://github.com/rust-windowing/winit"
 rust-version = "1.85"
-version = "0.31.0-beta.2"
+version = "0.31.0-beta.1"
 
 [workspace.dependencies]
 # Workspace dependencies.
 # `winit` has no version here to allow using it in dev deps for docs.
 winit = { path = "winit" }
-winit-android = { version = "=0.31.0-beta.2", path = "winit-android" }
-winit-appkit = { version = "=0.31.0-beta.2", path = "winit-appkit" }
-winit-common = { version = "=0.31.0-beta.2", path = "winit-common" }
-winit-core = { version = "=0.31.0-beta.2", path = "winit-core" }
-winit-orbital = { version = "=0.31.0-beta.2", path = "winit-orbital" }
-winit-uikit = { version = "=0.31.0-beta.2", path = "winit-uikit" }
-winit-wayland = { version = "=0.31.0-beta.2", path = "winit-wayland", default-features = false }
-winit-web = { version = "=0.31.0-beta.2", path = "winit-web" }
-winit-win32 = { version = "=0.31.0-beta.2", path = "winit-win32" }
-winit-x11 = { version = "=0.31.0-beta.2", path = "winit-x11" }
+winit-android = { version = "=0.31.0-beta.1", path = "winit-android" }
+winit-appkit = { version = "=0.31.0-beta.1", path = "winit-appkit" }
+winit-common = { version = "=0.31.0-beta.1", path = "winit-common" }
+winit-core = { version = "=0.31.0-beta.1", path = "winit-core" }
+winit-orbital = { version = "=0.31.0-beta.1", path = "winit-orbital" }
+winit-uikit = { version = "=0.31.0-beta.1", path = "winit-uikit" }
+winit-wayland = { version = "=0.31.0-beta.1", path = "winit-wayland", default-features = false }
+winit-web = { version = "=0.31.0-beta.1", path = "winit-web" }
+winit-win32 = { version = "=0.31.0-beta.1", path = "winit-win32" }
+winit-x11 = { version = "=0.31.0-beta.1", path = "winit-x11" }
 
 # Core dependencies.
 bitflags = "2"
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ tracing = { version = "0.1.40", default-features = false }
 
 # Dev dependencies.
 image = { version = "0.25.0", default-features = false }
-softbuffer = { version = "0.4.8", default-features = false, features = [
+softbuffer = { version = "0.4.6", default-features = false, features = [
     "x11",
     "x11-dlopen",
     "wayland",
@@ -60,17 +60,16 @@ objc2-core-foundation = { version = "0.3.2", default-features = false }
 objc2-core-graphics = { version = "0.3.2", default-features = false }
 objc2-core-video = { version = "0.3.2", default-features = false }
 objc2-foundation = { version = "0.3.2", default-features = false }
-objc2-quartz-core = { version = "0.3.2", default-features = false }
 objc2-ui-kit = { version = "0.3.2", default-features = false }
 
 # Windows dependencies.
 unicode-segmentation = "1.7.1"
-windows-sys = "0.61"
+windows-sys = "0.59.0"
 
 # Linux dependencies.
+ahash = { version = "0.8.7", features = ["no-rng"] }
 bytemuck = { version = "1.13.1", default-features = false }
 calloop = "0.14.3"
-foldhash = { version = "0.2.0", default-features = false, features = ["std"] }
 libc = "0.2.64"
 memmap2 = "0.9.0"
 percent-encoding = "2.0"
@@ -80,9 +79,8 @@ x11rb = { version = "0.13.0", default-features = false }
 xkbcommon-dl = "0.4.2"
 
 # Orbital dependencies.
-libredox = "0.1.12"
 orbclient = { version = "0.3.47", default-features = false }
-redox_event = { package = "redox_event", version = "0.4.5" }
+redox_syscall = "0.5.7"
 
 # Web dependencies.
 atomic-waker = "1"

README.md

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
 
 ```toml
 [dependencies]
-winit = "0.31.0-beta.2"
+winit = "0.31.0-beta.1"
 ```
 
 ## [Documentation](https://docs.rs/winit)

deny.toml

@@ -32,7 +32,6 @@ allow = [
     "ISC",          # https://tldrlegal.com/license/isc-license
     "MIT",          # https://tldrlegal.com/license/mit-license
     "Unicode-3.0",  # https://spdx.org/licenses/Unicode-3.0.html
-    "Zlib",         # https://spdx.org/licenses/Zlib.html
 ]
 confidence-threshold = 1.0
 private = { ignore = true }

dpi/src/lib.rs

@@ -84,18 +84,36 @@ pub trait Pixel: Copy + Into<f64> {
     }
 }
 
-macro_rules! pixel_int_impl {
-    ($($t:ty),*) => {$(
-        impl Pixel for $t {
-            fn from_f64(f: f64) -> Self {
-                round(f) as $t
-            }
-        }
-    )*}
+impl Pixel for u8 {
+    fn from_f64(f: f64) -> Self {
+        round(f) as u8
+    }
+}
+impl Pixel for u16 {
+    fn from_f64(f: f64) -> Self {
+        round(f) as u16
+    }
+}
+impl Pixel for u32 {
+    fn from_f64(f: f64) -> Self {
+        round(f) as u32
+    }
+}
+impl Pixel for i8 {
+    fn from_f64(f: f64) -> Self {
+        round(f) as i8
+    }
+}
+impl Pixel for i16 {
+    fn from_f64(f: f64) -> Self {
+        round(f) as i16
+    }
+}
+impl Pixel for i32 {
+    fn from_f64(f: f64) -> Self {
+        round(f) as i32
+    }
 }
-
-pixel_int_impl!(u8, u16, u32, i8, i16, i32);
-
 impl Pixel for f32 {
     fn from_f64(f: f64) -> Self {
         f as f32
@@ -360,48 +378,6 @@ impl<P: Pixel> From<LogicalUnit<P>> for PixelUnit {
     }
 }
 
-macro_rules! vec2_from_impls {
-    ($t:ident, $a:ident, $b:ident, $mint_ty:ident) => {
-        impl<P: Pixel, X: Pixel> From<(X, X)> for $t<P> {
-            fn from(($a, $b): (X, X)) -> Self {
-                Self::new($a.cast(), $b.cast())
-            }
-        }
-
-        impl<P: Pixel, X: Pixel> From<$t<P>> for (X, X) {
-            fn from(p: $t<P>) -> Self {
-                (p.$a.cast(), p.$b.cast())
-            }
-        }
-
-        impl<P: Pixel, X: Pixel> From<[X; 2]> for $t<P> {
-            fn from([$a, $b]: [X; 2]) -> Self {
-                Self::new($a.cast(), $b.cast())
-            }
-        }
-
-        impl<P: Pixel, X: Pixel> From<$t<P>> for [X; 2] {
-            fn from(p: $t<P>) -> Self {
-                [p.$a.cast(), p.$b.cast()]
-            }
-        }
-
-        #[cfg(feature = "mint")]
-        impl<P: Pixel> From<mint::$mint_ty<P>> for $t<P> {
-            fn from(p: mint::$mint_ty<P>) -> Self {
-                Self::new(p.x, p.y)
-            }
-        }
-
-        #[cfg(feature = "mint")]
-        impl<P: Pixel> From<$t<P>> for mint::$mint_ty<P> {
-            fn from(p: $t<P>) -> Self {
-                Self { x: p.$a, y: p.$b }
-            }
-        }
-    };
-}
-
 /// A position represented in logical pixels.
 ///
 /// The position is stored as floats, so please be careful. Casting floats to integers truncates the
@@ -444,7 +420,43 @@ impl<P: Pixel> LogicalPosition<P> {
     }
 }
 
-vec2_from_impls!(LogicalPosition, x, y, Point2);
+impl<P: Pixel, X: Pixel> From<(X, X)> for LogicalPosition<P> {
+    fn from((x, y): (X, X)) -> LogicalPosition<P> {
+        LogicalPosition::new(x.cast(), y.cast())
+    }
+}
+
+impl<P: Pixel, X: Pixel> From<LogicalPosition<P>> for (X, X) {
+    fn from(p: LogicalPosition<P>) -> (X, X) {
+        (p.x.cast(), p.y.cast())
+    }
+}
+
+impl<P: Pixel, X: Pixel> From<[X; 2]> for LogicalPosition<P> {
+    fn from([x, y]: [X; 2]) -> LogicalPosition<P> {
+        LogicalPosition::new(x.cast(), y.cast())
+    }
+}
+
+impl<P: Pixel, X: Pixel> From<LogicalPosition<P>> for [X; 2] {
+    fn from(p: LogicalPosition<P>) -> [X; 2] {
+        [p.x.cast(), p.y.cast()]
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(feature = "mint")]
+impl<P: Pixel> From<mint::Point2<P>> for LogicalPosition<P> {
+    fn from(p: mint::Point2<P>) -> Self {
+        Self::new(p.x, p.y)
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(feature = "mint")]
+impl<P: Pixel> From<LogicalPosition<P>> for mint::Point2<P> {
+    fn from(p: LogicalPosition<P>) -> Self {
+        mint::Point2 { x: p.x, y: p.y }
+    }
+}
 
 /// A position represented in physical pixels.
 #[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, Eq, PartialEq, Ord, PartialOrd, Default, Hash)]
@@ -484,7 +496,43 @@ impl<P: Pixel> PhysicalPosition<P> {
     }
 }
 
-vec2_from_impls!(PhysicalPosition, x, y, Point2);
+impl<P: Pixel, X: Pixel> From<(X, X)> for PhysicalPosition<P> {
+    fn from((x, y): (X, X)) -> PhysicalPosition<P> {
+        PhysicalPosition::new(x.cast(), y.cast())
+    }
+}
+
+impl<P: Pixel, X: Pixel> From<PhysicalPosition<P>> for (X, X) {
+    fn from(p: PhysicalPosition<P>) -> (X, X) {
+        (p.x.cast(), p.y.cast())
+    }
+}
+
+impl<P: Pixel, X: Pixel> From<[X; 2]> for PhysicalPosition<P> {
+    fn from([x, y]: [X; 2]) -> PhysicalPosition<P> {
+        PhysicalPosition::new(x.cast(), y.cast())
+    }
+}
+
+impl<P: Pixel, X: Pixel> From<PhysicalPosition<P>> for [X; 2] {
+    fn from(p: PhysicalPosition<P>) -> [X; 2] {
+        [p.x.cast(), p.y.cast()]
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(feature = "mint")]
+impl<P: Pixel> From<mint::Point2<P>> for PhysicalPosition<P> {
+    fn from(p: mint::Point2<P>) -> Self {
+        Self::new(p.x, p.y)
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(feature = "mint")]
+impl<P: Pixel> From<PhysicalPosition<P>> for mint::Point2<P> {
+    fn from(p: PhysicalPosition<P>) -> Self {
+        mint::Point2 { x: p.x, y: p.y }
+    }
+}
 
 /// A size represented in logical pixels.
 #[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, Eq, PartialEq, Ord, PartialOrd, Default, Hash)]
@@ -524,7 +572,43 @@ impl<P: Pixel> LogicalSize<P> {
     }
 }
 
-vec2_from_impls!(LogicalSize, width, height, Vector2);
+impl<P: Pixel, X: Pixel> From<(X, X)> for LogicalSize<P> {
+    fn from((x, y): (X, X)) -> LogicalSize<P> {
+        LogicalSize::new(x.cast(), y.cast())
+    }
+}
+
+impl<P: Pixel, X: Pixel> From<LogicalSize<P>> for (X, X) {
+    fn from(s: LogicalSize<P>) -> (X, X) {
+        (s.width.cast(), s.height.cast())
+    }
+}
+
+impl<P: Pixel, X: Pixel> From<[X; 2]> for LogicalSize<P> {
+    fn from([x, y]: [X; 2]) -> LogicalSize<P> {
+        LogicalSize::new(x.cast(), y.cast())
+    }
+}
+
+impl<P: Pixel, X: Pixel> From<LogicalSize<P>> for [X; 2] {
+    fn from(s: LogicalSize<P>) -> [X; 2] {
+        [s.width.cast(), s.height.cast()]
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(feature = "mint")]
+impl<P: Pixel> From<mint::Vector2<P>> for LogicalSize<P> {
+    fn from(v: mint::Vector2<P>) -> Self {
+        Self::new(v.x, v.y)
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(feature = "mint")]
+impl<P: Pixel> From<LogicalSize<P>> for mint::Vector2<P> {
+    fn from(s: LogicalSize<P>) -> Self {
+        mint::Vector2 { x: s.width, y: s.height }
+    }
+}
 
 /// A size represented in physical pixels.
 #[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, Eq, PartialEq, Ord, PartialOrd, Default, Hash)]
@@ -561,7 +645,43 @@ impl<P: Pixel> PhysicalSize<P> {
     }
 }
 
-vec2_from_impls!(PhysicalSize, width, height, Vector2);
+impl<P: Pixel, X: Pixel> From<(X, X)> for PhysicalSize<P> {
+    fn from((x, y): (X, X)) -> PhysicalSize<P> {
+        PhysicalSize::new(x.cast(), y.cast())
+    }
+}
+
+impl<P: Pixel, X: Pixel> From<PhysicalSize<P>> for (X, X) {
+    fn from(s: PhysicalSize<P>) -> (X, X) {
+        (s.width.cast(), s.height.cast())
+    }
+}
+
+impl<P: Pixel, X: Pixel> From<[X; 2]> for PhysicalSize<P> {
+    fn from([x, y]: [X; 2]) -> PhysicalSize<P> {
+        PhysicalSize::new(x.cast(), y.cast())
+    }
+}
+
+impl<P: Pixel, X: Pixel> From<PhysicalSize<P>> for [X; 2] {
+    fn from(s: PhysicalSize<P>) -> [X; 2] {
+        [s.width.cast(), s.height.cast()]
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(feature = "mint")]
+impl<P: Pixel> From<mint::Vector2<P>> for PhysicalSize<P> {
+    fn from(v: mint::Vector2<P>) -> Self {
+        Self::new(v.x, v.y)
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(feature = "mint")]
+impl<P: Pixel> From<PhysicalSize<P>> for mint::Vector2<P> {
+    fn from(s: PhysicalSize<P>) -> Self {
+        mint::Vector2 { x: s.width, y: s.height }
+    }
+}
 
 /// A size that's either physical or logical.
 #[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, PartialEq)]

winit-android/src/event_loop.rs

@@ -473,23 +473,16 @@ impl EventLoop {
                             &mut self.combining_accent,
                         );
 
-                        let logical_key = keycodes::to_logical(key_char, keycode);
-                        let text = if state == event::ElementState::Pressed {
-                            logical_key.to_text().map(smol_str::SmolStr::new)
-                        } else {
-                            None
-                        };
-
                         let event = event::WindowEvent::KeyboardInput {
                             device_id: Some(DeviceId::from_raw(key.device_id() as i64)),
                             event: event::KeyEvent {
                                 state,
                                 physical_key: keycodes::to_physical_key(keycode),
-                                logical_key,
+                                logical_key: keycodes::to_logical(key_char, keycode),
                                 location: keycodes::to_location(keycode),
                                 repeat: key.repeat_count() > 0,
-                                text: text.clone(),
-                                text_with_all_modifiers: text,
+                                text: None,
+                                text_with_all_modifiers: None,
                                 key_without_modifiers: keycodes::to_logical(key_char, keycode),
                             },
                             is_synthetic: false,
@@ -507,6 +500,10 @@ impl EventLoop {
         input_status
     }
 
+    pub fn run_app<A: ApplicationHandler>(mut self, app: A) -> Result<(), EventLoopError> {
+        self.run_app_on_demand(app)
+    }
+
     pub fn run_app_on_demand<A: ApplicationHandler>(
         &mut self,
         mut app: A,

winit-android/src/lib.rs

@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@
 //! with `cargo apk`, then the minimal changes would be:
 //! 1. Remove `ndk-glue` from your `Cargo.toml`
 //! 2. Enable the `"android-native-activity"` feature for Winit: `winit = { version =
-//!    "0.31.0-beta.2", features = [ "android-native-activity" ] }`
+//!    "0.31.0-beta.1", features = [ "android-native-activity" ] }`
 //! 3. Add an `android_main` entrypoint (as above), instead of using the '`[ndk_glue::main]` proc
 //!    macro from `ndk-macros` (optionally add a dependency on `android_logger` and initialize
 //!    logging as above).

winit-appkit/Cargo.toml

@@ -51,7 +51,6 @@ objc2-app-kit = { workspace = true, features = [
     "NSScreen",
     "NSTextInputClient",
     "NSTextInputContext",
-    "NSTrackingArea",
     "NSToolbar",
     "NSView",
     "NSWindow",
@@ -107,7 +106,6 @@ objc2-foundation = { workspace = true, features = [
     "NSThread",
     "NSValue",
 ] }
-objc2-quartz-core = { workspace = true, features = ["std", "CABase"] }
 winit-common = { workspace = true, features = ["core-foundation", "event-handler"] }
 
 [dev-dependencies]

winit-appkit/src/app.rs

@@ -98,7 +98,6 @@ pub(crate) fn override_send_event(global_app: &NSApplication) {
 }
 
 fn maybe_dispatch_device_event(app_state: &Rc<AppState>, event: &NSEvent) {
-    let time = app_state.event_time(event);
     let event_type = event.r#type();
     #[allow(non_upper_case_globals)]
     match event_type {
@@ -111,7 +110,7 @@ fn maybe_dispatch_device_event(app_state: &Rc<AppState>, event: &NSEvent) {
 
             if delta_x != 0.0 || delta_y != 0.0 {
                 app_state.maybe_queue_with_handler(move |app, event_loop| {
-                    app.device_event(event_loop, None, time, DeviceEvent::PointerMotion {
+                    app.device_event(event_loop, None, DeviceEvent::PointerMotion {
                         delta: (delta_x, delta_y),
                     });
                 });
@@ -120,7 +119,7 @@ fn maybe_dispatch_device_event(app_state: &Rc<AppState>, event: &NSEvent) {
         NSEventType::LeftMouseDown | NSEventType::RightMouseDown | NSEventType::OtherMouseDown => {
             let button = event.buttonNumber() as u32;
             app_state.maybe_queue_with_handler(move |app, event_loop| {
-                app.device_event(event_loop, None, time, DeviceEvent::Button {
+                app.device_event(event_loop, None, DeviceEvent::Button {
                     button,
                     state: ElementState::Pressed,
                 });
@@ -129,7 +128,7 @@ fn maybe_dispatch_device_event(app_state: &Rc<AppState>, event: &NSEvent) {
         NSEventType::LeftMouseUp | NSEventType::RightMouseUp | NSEventType::OtherMouseUp => {
             let button = event.buttonNumber() as u32;
             app_state.maybe_queue_with_handler(move |app, event_loop| {
-                app.device_event(event_loop, None, time, DeviceEvent::Button {
+                app.device_event(event_loop, None, DeviceEvent::Button {
                     button,
                     state: ElementState::Released,
                 });

winit-appkit/src/app_state.rs

@@ -2,15 +2,13 @@ use std::cell::{Cell, OnceCell, RefCell};
 use std::mem;
 use std::rc::Rc;
 use std::sync::Arc;
-use std::time::{Duration, Instant};
+use std::time::Instant;
 
 use dispatch2::MainThreadBound;
 use objc2::MainThreadMarker;
-use objc2_app_kit::{NSApplication, NSApplicationActivationPolicy, NSEvent, NSRunningApplication};
-use objc2_foundation::{NSNotification, NSTimeInterval};
-use objc2_quartz_core::CACurrentMediaTime;
-use tracing::warn;
-use winit_common::core_foundation::{EventLoopProxy, MainRunLoop};
+use objc2_app_kit::{NSApplication, NSApplicationActivationPolicy, NSRunningApplication};
+use objc2_foundation::NSNotification;
+use winit_common::core_foundation::EventLoopProxy;
 use winit_common::event_handler::EventHandler;
 use winit_core::application::ApplicationHandler;
 use winit_core::event::{StartCause, WindowEvent};
@@ -19,7 +17,7 @@ use winit_core::window::WindowId;
 
 use super::event_loop::{ActiveEventLoop, notify_windows_of_exit, stop_app_immediately};
 use super::menu;
-use super::observer::EventLoopWaker;
+use super::observer::{EventLoopWaker, RunLoop};
 
 #[derive(Debug)]
 pub(super) struct AppState {
@@ -27,7 +25,7 @@ pub(super) struct AppState {
     activation_policy: Option<NSApplicationActivationPolicy>,
     default_menu: bool,
     activate_ignoring_other_apps: bool,
-    run_loop: MainRunLoop,
+    run_loop: RunLoop,
     event_loop_proxy: Arc<EventLoopProxy>,
     event_handler: EventHandler,
     stop_on_launch: Cell<bool>,
@@ -45,8 +43,6 @@ pub(super) struct AppState {
     start_time: Cell<Option<Instant>>,
     wait_timeout: Cell<Option<Instant>>,
     pending_redraw: RefCell<Vec<WindowId>>,
-    startup_instant: Instant,
-    startup_timestamp: NSTimeInterval,
     // NOTE: This is strongly referenced by our `NSWindowDelegate` and our `NSView` subclass, and
     // as such should be careful to not add fields that, in turn, strongly reference those.
 }
@@ -67,23 +63,12 @@ impl AppState {
             Self::get(mtm).with_handler(|app, event_loop| app.proxy_wake_up(event_loop));
         }));
 
-        // Prime dylib caches etc.
-        let _ = CACurrentMediaTime();
-
-        // Find the current Rust timestamp.
-        let startup_instant = Instant::now();
-        // Find the timestamp
-        //
-        // `NSProcessInfo::processInfo().systemUptime()` needs the required reason manifest,
-        // `CACurrentMediaTime` (currently) doesn't, so we use that instead.
-        let startup_timestamp = CACurrentMediaTime();
-
         let this = Rc::new(Self {
             mtm,
             activation_policy,
             default_menu,
             activate_ignoring_other_apps,
-            run_loop: MainRunLoop::get(mtm),
+            run_loop: RunLoop::main(mtm),
             event_loop_proxy,
             event_handler: EventHandler::new(),
             stop_on_launch: Cell::new(false),
@@ -98,8 +83,6 @@ impl AppState {
             start_time: Cell::new(None),
             wait_timeout: Cell::new(None),
             pending_redraw: RefCell::new(vec![]),
-            startup_instant,
-            startup_timestamp,
         });
 
         GLOBAL.get(mtm).set(this.clone()).ok().and(Some(this))
@@ -113,16 +96,6 @@ impl AppState {
             .clone()
     }
 
-    pub(crate) fn event_time(&self, event: &NSEvent) -> Instant {
-        if event.timestamp() == 0.0 {
-            warn!(?event, "got zero timestamp");
-            return Instant::now();
-        }
-        let duration_since_startup = event.timestamp() - self.startup_timestamp;
-        let duration_since_startup = Duration::from_secs_f64(duration_since_startup as f64);
-        self.startup_instant + duration_since_startup
-    }
-
     // NOTE: This notification will, globally, only be emitted once,
     // no matter how many `EventLoop`s the user creates.
     pub fn did_finish_launching(self: &Rc<Self>, _notification: &NSNotification) {
@@ -274,12 +247,7 @@ impl AppState {
         // -> Don't go back into the event handler when our callstack originates from there
         if !self.event_handler.in_use() {
             self.with_handler(|app, event_loop| {
-                app.window_event(
-                    event_loop,
-                    window_id,
-                    Instant::now(),
-                    WindowEvent::RedrawRequested,
-                );
+                app.window_event(event_loop, window_id, WindowEvent::RedrawRequested);
             });
 
             // `pump_events` will request to stop immediately _after_ dispatching RedrawRequested
@@ -297,7 +265,7 @@ impl AppState {
         if !pending_redraw.contains(&window_id) {
             pending_redraw.push(window_id);
         }
-        self.run_loop.wake_up();
+        self.run_loop.wakeup();
     }
 
     #[track_caller]
@@ -342,7 +310,6 @@ impl AppState {
     // Called by RunLoopObserver after finishing waiting for new events
     pub fn wakeup(self: &Rc<Self>) {
         // Return when in event handler due to https://github.com/rust-windowing/winit/issues/1779
-        // (we have registered to observe all modes, including modal event loops).
         if !self.event_handler.ready() || !self.is_running() {
             return;
         }
@@ -371,7 +338,8 @@ impl AppState {
     // Called by RunLoopObserver before waiting for new events
     pub fn cleared(self: &Rc<Self>) {
         // Return when in event handler due to https://github.com/rust-windowing/winit/issues/1779
-        // (we have registered to observe all modes, including modal event loops).
+        // XXX: how does it make sense that `event_handler.ready()` can ever return `false` here if
+        // we're about to return to the `CFRunLoop` to poll for new events?
         if !self.event_handler.ready() || !self.is_running() {
             return;
         }
@@ -379,12 +347,7 @@ impl AppState {
         let redraw = mem::take(&mut *self.pending_redraw.borrow_mut());
         for window_id in redraw {
             self.with_handler(|app, event_loop| {
-                app.window_event(
-                    event_loop,
-                    window_id,
-                    Instant::now(),
-                    WindowEvent::RedrawRequested,
-                );
+                app.window_event(event_loop, window_id, WindowEvent::RedrawRequested);
             });
         }
         self.with_handler(|app, event_loop| {

winit-appkit/src/event_loop.rs

@@ -9,10 +9,8 @@ use objc2_app_kit::{
     NSApplication, NSApplicationActivationPolicy, NSApplicationDidFinishLaunchingNotification,
     NSApplicationWillTerminateNotification, NSWindow,
 };
-use objc2_core_foundation::{CFIndex, CFRunLoopActivity, kCFRunLoopCommonModes};
 use objc2_foundation::{NSNotificationCenter, NSObjectProtocol};
 use rwh_06::HasDisplayHandle;
-use winit_common::core_foundation::{MainRunLoop, MainRunLoopObserver};
 use winit_core::application::ApplicationHandler;
 use winit_core::cursor::{CustomCursor as CoreCustomCursor, CustomCursorSource};
 use winit_core::error::{EventLoopError, RequestError};
@@ -30,6 +28,7 @@ use super::cursor::CustomCursor;
 use super::event::dummy_event;
 use super::monitor;
 use super::notification_center::create_observer;
+use super::observer::setup_control_flow_observers;
 use crate::ActivationPolicy;
 use crate::window::Window;
 
@@ -151,9 +150,6 @@ pub struct EventLoop {
     // Though we do still need to keep the observers around to prevent them from being deallocated.
     _did_finish_launching_observer: Retained<ProtocolObject<dyn NSObjectProtocol>>,
     _will_terminate_observer: Retained<ProtocolObject<dyn NSObjectProtocol>>,
-
-    _before_waiting_observer: MainRunLoopObserver,
-    _after_waiting_observer: MainRunLoopObserver,
 }
 
 #[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
@@ -221,31 +217,7 @@ impl EventLoop {
             },
         );
 
-        let main_loop = MainRunLoop::get(mtm);
-        let mode = unsafe { kCFRunLoopCommonModes }.unwrap();
-
-        let app_state_clone = Rc::clone(&app_state);
-        let _before_waiting_observer = MainRunLoopObserver::new(
-            mtm,
-            CFRunLoopActivity::BeforeWaiting,
-            true,
-            // Queued with the lowest priority to ensure it is processed after other observers.
-            // Without that, we'd get a `LoopExiting` after `AboutToWait`.
-            CFIndex::MAX,
-            move |_| app_state_clone.cleared(),
-        );
-        main_loop.add_observer(&_before_waiting_observer, mode);
-
-        let app_state_clone = Rc::clone(&app_state);
-        let _after_waiting_observer = MainRunLoopObserver::new(
-            mtm,
-            CFRunLoopActivity::AfterWaiting,
-            true,
-            // Queued with the highest priority to ensure it is processed before other observers.
-            CFIndex::MIN,
-            move |_| app_state_clone.wakeup(),
-        );
-        main_loop.add_observer(&_after_waiting_observer, mode);
+        setup_control_flow_observers(mtm);
 
         Ok(EventLoop {
             app,
@@ -253,8 +225,6 @@ impl EventLoop {
             window_target: ActiveEventLoop { app_state, mtm },
             _did_finish_launching_observer,
             _will_terminate_observer,
-            _before_waiting_observer,
-            _after_waiting_observer,
         })
     }
 
@@ -262,6 +232,10 @@ impl EventLoop {
         &self.window_target
     }
 
+    pub fn run_app<A: ApplicationHandler>(mut self, app: A) -> Result<(), EventLoopError> {
+        self.run_app_on_demand(app)
+    }
+
     // NB: we don't base this on `pump_events` because for `MacOs` we can't support
     // `pump_events` elegantly (we just ask to run the loop for a "short" amount of
     // time and so a layered implementation would end up using a lot of CPU due to

winit-appkit/src/observer.rs

@@ -1,10 +1,171 @@
+//! Utilities for working with `CFRunLoop`.
+//!
+//! See Apple's documentation on Run Loops for details:
+//! <https://developer.apple.com/library/archive/documentation/Cocoa/Conceptual/Multithreading/RunLoopManagement/RunLoopManagement.html>
+use std::cell::Cell;
 use std::ffi::c_void;
 use std::ptr;
 use std::time::Instant;
 
+use objc2::MainThreadMarker;
 use objc2_core_foundation::{
-    CFAbsoluteTimeGetCurrent, CFRetained, CFRunLoop, CFRunLoopTimer, kCFRunLoopCommonModes,
+    CFAbsoluteTimeGetCurrent, CFIndex, CFRetained, CFRunLoop, CFRunLoopActivity, CFRunLoopObserver,
+    CFRunLoopObserverCallBack, CFRunLoopObserverContext, CFRunLoopTimer, kCFRunLoopCommonModes,
+    kCFRunLoopDefaultMode,
 };
+use tracing::error;
+
+use super::app_state::AppState;
+
+// begin is queued with the highest priority to ensure it is processed before other observers
+extern "C-unwind" fn control_flow_begin_handler(
+    _: *mut CFRunLoopObserver,
+    activity: CFRunLoopActivity,
+    _info: *mut c_void,
+) {
+    match activity {
+        CFRunLoopActivity::AfterWaiting => {
+            AppState::get(MainThreadMarker::new().unwrap()).wakeup();
+        },
+        _ => unreachable!(),
+    }
+}
+
+// end is queued with the lowest priority to ensure it is processed after other observers
+// without that, LoopExiting would  get sent after AboutToWait
+extern "C-unwind" fn control_flow_end_handler(
+    _: *mut CFRunLoopObserver,
+    activity: CFRunLoopActivity,
+    _info: *mut c_void,
+) {
+    match activity {
+        CFRunLoopActivity::BeforeWaiting => {
+            AppState::get(MainThreadMarker::new().unwrap()).cleared();
+        },
+        CFRunLoopActivity::Exit => (), // unimplemented!(), // not expected to ever happen
+        _ => unreachable!(),
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub struct RunLoop(CFRetained<CFRunLoop>);
+
+impl RunLoop {
+    pub fn main(mtm: MainThreadMarker) -> Self {
+        // SAFETY: We have a MainThreadMarker here, which means we know we're on the main thread, so
+        // scheduling (and scheduling a non-`Send` block) to that thread is allowed.
+        let _ = mtm;
+        RunLoop(CFRunLoop::main().unwrap())
+    }
+
+    pub fn wakeup(&self) {
+        self.0.wake_up();
+    }
+
+    unsafe fn add_observer(
+        &self,
+        flags: CFRunLoopActivity,
+        // The lower the value, the sooner this will run
+        priority: CFIndex,
+        handler: CFRunLoopObserverCallBack,
+        context: *mut CFRunLoopObserverContext,
+    ) {
+        let observer =
+            unsafe { CFRunLoopObserver::new(None, flags.0, true, priority, handler, context) }
+                .unwrap();
+        self.0.add_observer(Some(&observer), unsafe { kCFRunLoopCommonModes });
+    }
+
+    /// Submit a closure to run on the main thread as the next step in the run loop, before other
+    /// event sources are processed.
+    ///
+    /// This is used for running event handlers, as those are not allowed to run re-entrantly.
+    ///
+    /// # Implementation
+    ///
+    /// This queuing could be implemented in the following several ways with subtle differences in
+    /// timing. This list is sorted in rough order in which they are run:
+    ///
+    /// 1. Using `CFRunLoopPerformBlock` or `-[NSRunLoop performBlock:]`.
+    ///
+    /// 2. Using `-[NSObject performSelectorOnMainThread:withObject:waitUntilDone:]` or wrapping the
+    ///    event in `NSEvent` and posting that to `-[NSApplication postEvent:atStart:]` (both
+    ///    creates a custom `CFRunLoopSource`, and signals that to wake up the main event loop).
+    ///
+    ///    a. `atStart = true`.
+    ///
+    ///    b. `atStart = false`.
+    ///
+    /// 3. `dispatch_async` or `dispatch_async_f`. Note that this may appear before 2b, it does not
+    ///    respect the ordering that runloop events have.
+    ///
+    /// We choose the first one, both for ease-of-implementation, but mostly for consistency, as we
+    /// want the event to be queued in a way that preserves the order the events originally arrived
+    /// in.
+    ///
+    /// As an example, let's assume that we receive two events from the user, a mouse click which we
+    /// handled by queuing it, and a window resize which we handled immediately. If we allowed
+    /// AppKit to choose the ordering when queuing the mouse event, it might get put in the back of
+    /// the queue, and the events would appear out of order to the user of Winit. So we must instead
+    /// put the event at the very front of the queue, to be handled as soon as possible after
+    /// handling whatever event it's currently handling.
+    pub fn queue_closure(&self, closure: impl FnOnce() + 'static) {
+        // Convert `FnOnce()` to `Block<dyn Fn()>`.
+        let closure = Cell::new(Some(closure));
+        let block = block2::RcBlock::new(move || {
+            if let Some(closure) = closure.take() {
+                closure()
+            } else {
+                error!("tried to execute queued closure on main thread twice");
+            }
+        });
+
+        // There are a few common modes (`kCFRunLoopCommonModes`) defined by Cocoa:
+        // - `NSDefaultRunLoopMode`, alias of `kCFRunLoopDefaultMode`.
+        // - `NSEventTrackingRunLoopMode`, used when mouse-dragging and live-resizing a window.
+        // - `NSModalPanelRunLoopMode`, used when running a modal inside the Winit event loop.
+        // - `NSConnectionReplyMode`: TODO.
+        //
+        // We only want to run event handlers in the default mode, as we support running a blocking
+        // modal inside a Winit event handler (see [#1779]) which outrules the modal panel mode, and
+        // resizing such panel window enters the event tracking run loop mode, so we can't directly
+        // trigger events inside that mode either.
+        //
+        // Any events that are queued while running a modal or when live-resizing will instead wait,
+        // and be delivered to the application afterwards.
+        //
+        // [#1779]: https://github.com/rust-windowing/winit/issues/1779
+        let mode = unsafe { kCFRunLoopDefaultMode.unwrap() };
+
+        // SAFETY: The runloop is valid, the mode is a `CFStringRef`, and the block is `'static`.
+        unsafe { self.0.perform_block(Some(mode), Some(&block)) }
+    }
+}
+
+pub fn setup_control_flow_observers(mtm: MainThreadMarker) {
+    let run_loop = RunLoop::main(mtm);
+    unsafe {
+        let mut context = CFRunLoopObserverContext {
+            info: ptr::null_mut(),
+            version: 0,
+            retain: None,
+            release: None,
+            copyDescription: None,
+        };
+        run_loop.add_observer(
+            CFRunLoopActivity::AfterWaiting,
+            CFIndex::MIN,
+            Some(control_flow_begin_handler),
+            &mut context as *mut _,
+        );
+        run_loop.add_observer(
+            CFRunLoopActivity::Exit | CFRunLoopActivity::BeforeWaiting,
+            CFIndex::MAX,
+            Some(control_flow_end_handler),
+            &mut context as *mut _,
+        );
+    }
+}
 
 #[derive(Debug)]
 pub struct EventLoopWaker {

winit-appkit/src/view.rs

@@ -1,23 +1,22 @@
 #![allow(clippy::unnecessary_cast)]
 use std::cell::{Cell, RefCell};
 use std::collections::{HashMap, VecDeque};
+use std::ptr;
 use std::rc::Rc;
-use std::time::Instant;
 
 use dpi::{LogicalPosition, LogicalSize};
 use objc2::rc::Retained;
 use objc2::runtime::{AnyObject, Sel};
-use objc2::{AnyThread, DefinedClass, MainThreadMarker, MainThreadOnly, define_class, msg_send};
+use objc2::{DefinedClass, MainThreadMarker, define_class, msg_send};
 use objc2_app_kit::{
-    NSApplication, NSCursor, NSEvent, NSEventPhase, NSResponder, NSTextInputClient, NSTrackingArea,
-    NSTrackingAreaOptions, NSView, NSWindow,
+    NSApplication, NSCursor, NSEvent, NSEventPhase, NSResponder, NSTextInputClient,
+    NSTrackingRectTag, NSView, NSWindow,
 };
 use objc2_core_foundation::CGRect;
 use objc2_foundation::{
     NSArray, NSAttributedString, NSAttributedStringKey, NSCopying, NSMutableAttributedString,
     NSNotFound, NSObject, NSPoint, NSRange, NSRect, NSSize, NSString, NSUInteger,
 };
-use tracing::warn;
 use winit_core::event::{
     DeviceEvent, ElementState, Ime, KeyEvent, Modifiers, MouseButton, MouseScrollDelta,
     PointerKind, PointerSource, TouchPhase, WindowEvent,
@@ -120,6 +119,7 @@ pub struct ViewState {
     ime_size: Cell<NSSize>,
     modifiers: Cell<Modifiers>,
     phys_modifiers: RefCell<HashMap<Key, ModLocationMask>>,
+    tracking_rect: Cell<Option<NSTrackingRectTag>>,
     ime_state: Cell<ImeState>,
     input_source: RefCell<String>,
 
@@ -131,6 +131,7 @@ pub struct ViewState {
     /// True if the current key event should be forwarded
     /// to the application, even during IME
     forward_key_to_app: Cell<bool>,
+
     marked_text: RefCell<Retained<NSMutableAttributedString>>,
     accepts_first_mouse: bool,
 
@@ -152,17 +153,41 @@ define_class!(
             true
         }
 
+        #[unsafe(method(viewDidMoveToWindow))]
+        fn view_did_move_to_window(&self) {
+            trace_scope!("viewDidMoveToWindow");
+            if let Some(tracking_rect) = self.ivars().tracking_rect.take() {
+                self.removeTrackingRect(tracking_rect);
+            }
+
+            let rect = self.frame();
+            let tracking_rect = unsafe {
+                self.addTrackingRect_owner_userData_assumeInside(rect, self, ptr::null_mut(), false)
+            };
+            assert_ne!(tracking_rect, 0, "failed adding tracking rect");
+            self.ivars().tracking_rect.set(Some(tracking_rect));
+        }
+
         // Not a normal method on `NSView`, it's triggered by `NSViewFrameDidChangeNotification`.
         #[unsafe(method(viewFrameDidChangeNotification:))]
         fn frame_did_change(&self, _notification: Option<&AnyObject>) {
             trace_scope!("NSViewFrameDidChangeNotification");
+            if let Some(tracking_rect) = self.ivars().tracking_rect.take() {
+                self.removeTrackingRect(tracking_rect);
+            }
+
+            let rect = self.frame();
+            let tracking_rect = unsafe {
+                self.addTrackingRect_owner_userData_assumeInside(rect, self, ptr::null_mut(), false)
+            };
+            assert_ne!(tracking_rect, 0, "failed adding tracking rect");
+            self.ivars().tracking_rect.set(Some(tracking_rect));
 
             // Emit resize event here rather than from windowDidResize because:
             // 1. When a new window is created as a tab, the frame size may change without a window
             //    resize occurring.
             // 2. Even when a window resize does occur on a new tabbed window, it contains the wrong
             //    size (includes tab height).
-            let rect = self.frame();
             let logical_size = LogicalSize::new(rect.size.width as f64, rect.size.height as f64);
             let size = logical_size.to_physical::<u32>(self.scale_factor());
             self.queue_event(WindowEvent::SurfaceResized(size));
@@ -279,15 +304,9 @@ define_class!(
                 // sending a `None` cursor range.
                 None
             } else {
-                // Clamp to string length to avoid NSRangeException from out-of-bounds
-                // indices sent by macOS IME (e.g. native Pinyin, see
-                // https://github.com/alacritty/alacritty/issues/8791).
-                let len = string.length();
-                let location = selected_range.location.min(len);
-                let end = selected_range.end().min(len);
                 // Convert the selected range from UTF-16 indices to UTF-8 indices.
-                let sub_string_a = string.substringToIndex(location);
-                let sub_string_b = string.substringToIndex(end);
+                let sub_string_a = string.substringToIndex(selected_range.location);
+                let sub_string_b = string.substringToIndex(selected_range.end());
                 let lowerbound_utf8 = sub_string_a.len();
                 let upperbound_utf8 = sub_string_b.len();
                 Some((lowerbound_utf8, upperbound_utf8))
@@ -682,9 +701,8 @@ define_class!(
 
             self.update_modifiers(event, false);
 
-            let time = self.ivars().app_state.event_time(event);
             self.ivars().app_state.maybe_queue_with_handler(move |app, event_loop| {
-                app.device_event(event_loop, None, time, DeviceEvent::MouseWheel { delta })
+                app.device_event(event_loop, None, DeviceEvent::MouseWheel { delta })
             });
             self.queue_event(WindowEvent::MouseWheel { device_id: None, delta, phase });
         }
@@ -784,6 +802,7 @@ impl WinitView {
             ime_size: Default::default(),
             modifiers: Default::default(),
             phys_modifiers: Default::default(),
+            tracking_rect: Default::default(),
             ime_state: Default::default(),
             input_source: Default::default(),
             ime_capabilities: Default::default(),
@@ -793,52 +812,9 @@ impl WinitView {
             option_as_alt: Cell::new(option_as_alt),
         });
         let this: Retained<Self> = unsafe { msg_send![super(this), init] };
+
         *this.ivars().input_source.borrow_mut() = this.current_input_source();
 
-        // `MouseEnteredAndExited` enables receiving events through `mouseEntered:` and
-        // `mouseExited:`.
-        //
-        // `MouseMoved` enables receiving events through `mouseMoved:`
-        //
-        // We do not set `CursorUpdate` because it is part of the "flexible" alternative to
-        // `cursorRect` based cursor image updates, and we currently still use
-        // `cursorRect`s. We also can't really switch to this approach because "The
-        // cursorUpdate(with:) message is not sent when the NSTrackingCursorUpdate option is
-        // specified along with [`ActiveAlways`]."
-        //
-        // `ActiveAlways` indicates we want to receive events when the window is not
-        // focused ("key window" in Cocoa terms), which matches the behavior on other
-        // platforms.
-        //
-        // We do not set `AssumeInside` because we want to avoid emitting `Left` events without a
-        // correspondering `Entered` to our consumers, and not setting this flag tells AppKit to
-        // handle this for us by synthesizing entry and exit events in some cases.
-        //
-        // `InVisibleRect` instructs the tracking area's `owner` (our `NSView`) to ignore the value
-        // we provide in `rect` and keep the tracking area's bounds up to date with the
-        // current view bounds automatically.
-        //
-        // We do not set `EnabledDuringMouseDrag` to match the platform behavior on Windows
-        // and Wayland, since neither emit events while being dragged over with an empty
-        // cursor without focus.
-        //
-        // See also https://developer.apple.com/documentation/appkit/nstrackingareaoptions.
-
-        // Safety: the type of `owner` should be `NSView` and is.
-        // The type of `user_info` is irrelevant because it is None.
-        this.addTrackingArea(&*unsafe {
-            NSTrackingArea::initWithRect_options_owner_userInfo(
-                NSTrackingArea::alloc(),
-                NSRect::ZERO,
-                NSTrackingAreaOptions::MouseEnteredAndExited
-                    | NSTrackingAreaOptions::MouseMoved
-                    | NSTrackingAreaOptions::ActiveAlways
-                    | NSTrackingAreaOptions::InVisibleRect,
-                Some(&this),
-                None,
-            )
-        });
-
         this
     }
 
@@ -847,16 +823,9 @@ impl WinitView {
     }
 
     fn queue_event(&self, event: WindowEvent) {
-        let app = NSApplication::sharedApplication(self.mtm());
         let window_id = window_id(&self.window());
-        let time = if let Some(nsevent) = app.currentEvent() {
-            self.ivars().app_state.event_time(&nsevent)
-        } else {
-            warn!("queued event with wrong timestamp, no active NSEvent found");
-            Instant::now()
-        };
         self.ivars().app_state.maybe_queue_with_handler(move |app, event_loop| {
-            app.window_event(event_loop, window_id, time, event);
+            app.window_event(event_loop, window_id, event);
         });
     }
 
@@ -897,33 +866,24 @@ impl WinitView {
             false
         }
     }
-    pub(super) fn enable_ime(&self, capabilities: ImeCapabilities) {
-        // This seems reasonable but the prior behavior of `set_ime_allowed` doesn't do this
-        // (it was also broken but let's not break things worse)
 
-        // if self.ivars().ime_capabilities.get().is_none() {
-        //     self.ivars().ime_state.set(ImeState::Ground);
-        // }
+    pub(super) fn set_ime_allowed(&self, capabilities: Option<ImeCapabilities>) {
+        if self.ivars().ime_capabilities.get().is_some() {
+            return;
+        }
+        self.ivars().ime_capabilities.set(capabilities);
+
+        if capabilities.is_some() {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        // Clear markedText
+        *self.ivars().marked_text.borrow_mut() = NSMutableAttributedString::new();
 
-        // why are we disabling things in an enable fn? who knows. it's what the previous one did
-        // though
         if self.ivars().ime_state.get() != ImeState::Disabled {
             self.ivars().ime_state.set(ImeState::Disabled);
             self.queue_event(WindowEvent::Ime(Ime::Disabled));
         }
-        self.ivars().ime_capabilities.set(Some(capabilities));
-        *self.ivars().marked_text.borrow_mut() = NSMutableAttributedString::new();
-    }
-    pub(super) fn disable_ime(&self) {
-        // see above
-        self.ivars().ime_capabilities.set(None);
-        if self.ivars().ime_state.get() != ImeState::Disabled {
-            self.ivars().ime_state.set(ImeState::Disabled);
-            self.queue_event(WindowEvent::Ime(Ime::Disabled));
-        }
-        // we probably don't need to do this, but again this mirrors the prior behavior of
-        // `set_ime_allowed`
-        *self.ivars().marked_text.borrow_mut() = NSMutableAttributedString::new();
     }
 
     pub(super) fn ime_capabilities(&self) -> Option<ImeCapabilities> {

winit-appkit/src/window_delegate.rs

@@ -5,7 +5,6 @@ use std::ffi::c_void;
 use std::ptr;
 use std::rc::Rc;
 use std::sync::{Arc, Mutex};
-use std::time::Instant;
 
 use dpi::{
     LogicalInsets, LogicalPosition, LogicalSize, PhysicalInsets, PhysicalPosition, PhysicalSize,
@@ -43,7 +42,6 @@ use objc2_foundation::{
     NSRect, NSSize, NSString, ns_string,
 };
 use tracing::{trace, warn};
-use winit_common::core_foundation::MainRunLoop;
 use winit_core::cursor::Cursor;
 use winit_core::error::{NotSupportedError, RequestError};
 use winit_core::event::{SurfaceSizeWriter, WindowEvent};
@@ -58,6 +56,7 @@ use super::app_state::AppState;
 use super::cursor::{CustomCursor, cursor_from_icon};
 use super::ffi;
 use super::monitor::{self, MonitorHandle, flip_window_screen_coordinates, get_display_id};
+use super::observer::RunLoop;
 use super::util::cgerr;
 use super::view::WinitView;
 use super::window::{WinitPanel, WinitWindow, window_id};
@@ -178,7 +177,7 @@ define_class!(
 
             let mtm = MainThreadMarker::from(self);
             let this = self.retain();
-            MainRunLoop::get(mtm).queue_closure(move || {
+            RunLoop::main(mtm).queue_closure(move || {
                 this.handle_scale_factor_changed(scale_factor);
             });
         }
@@ -331,20 +330,6 @@ define_class!(
             trace_scope!("windowDidChangeOcclusionState:");
             let visible = self.window().occlusionState().contains(NSWindowOcclusionState::Visible);
             self.queue_event(WindowEvent::Occluded(!visible));
-
-            // We do this here rather than in `window:willUseFullScreenPresentationOptions`
-            // because doing it there leaves the menu bar interactable despite being hidden.
-            // Moving it here produces the most consistent results.
-            if self.is_borderless_game()
-                && matches!(*self.ivars().fullscreen.borrow(), Some(Fullscreen::Borderless(_)))
-            {
-                let mtm = MainThreadMarker::from(self);
-                let app = NSApplication::sharedApplication(mtm);
-                app.setPresentationOptions(
-                    NSApplicationPresentationOptions::HideDock
-                        | NSApplicationPresentationOptions::HideMenuBar,
-                );
-            }
         }
 
         #[unsafe(method(windowDidChangeScreen:))]
@@ -904,16 +889,9 @@ impl WindowDelegate {
     }
 
     pub(crate) fn queue_event(&self, event: WindowEvent) {
-        let app = NSApplication::sharedApplication(self.mtm());
         let window_id = window_id(self.window());
-        let time = if let Some(nsevent) = app.currentEvent() {
-            self.ivars().app_state.event_time(&nsevent)
-        } else {
-            warn!("queued event with wrong timestamp, no active NSEvent found");
-            Instant::now()
-        };
         self.ivars().app_state.maybe_queue_with_handler(move |app, event_loop| {
-            app.window_event(event_loop, window_id, time, event);
+            app.window_event(event_loop, window_id, event);
         });
     }
 
@@ -1556,7 +1534,7 @@ impl WindowDelegate {
         }
 
         match (old_fullscreen, fullscreen) {
-            (None, Some(_)) => {
+            (None, Some(fullscreen)) => {
                 // `toggleFullScreen` doesn't work if the `StyleMask` is none, so we
                 // set a normal style temporarily. The previous state will be
                 // restored in `WindowDelegate::window_did_exit_fullscreen`.
@@ -1567,6 +1545,16 @@ impl WindowDelegate {
                     self.ivars().saved_style.set(Some(curr_mask));
                 }
 
+                // In borderless games, we want to disable the dock and menu bar
+                // by setting the presentation options. We do this here rather than in
+                // `window:willUseFullScreenPresentationOptions` because for some reason
+                // the menu bar remains interactable despite being hidden.
+                if self.is_borderless_game() && matches!(fullscreen, Fullscreen::Borderless(_)) {
+                    let presentation_options = NSApplicationPresentationOptions::HideDock
+                        | NSApplicationPresentationOptions::HideMenuBar;
+                    app.setPresentationOptions(presentation_options);
+                }
+
                 toggle_fullscreen(self.window());
             },
             (Some(Fullscreen::Borderless(_)), None) => {
@@ -1694,7 +1682,7 @@ impl WindowDelegate {
                 if current_caps.is_some() {
                     return Err(ImeRequestError::AlreadyEnabled);
                 }
-                self.view().enable_ime(capabilities);
+                self.view().set_ime_allowed(Some(capabilities));
                 request_data
             },
             ImeRequest::Update(request_data) => {
@@ -1704,7 +1692,7 @@ impl WindowDelegate {
                 request_data
             },
             ImeRequest::Disable => {
-                self.view().disable_ime();
+                self.view().set_ime_allowed(None);
                 return Ok(());
             },
         };

winit-common/Cargo.toml

@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ x11 = ["xkbcommon-dl?/x11", "dep:x11-dl"]
 xkb = ["dep:xkbcommon-dl", "dep:smol_str"]
 
 # CoreFoundation
-core-foundation = ["dep:block2", "dep:objc2", "dep:objc2-core-foundation"]
+core-foundation = ["dep:objc2", "dep:objc2-core-foundation"]
 
 [dependencies]
 smol_str = { workspace = true, optional = true }
@@ -31,12 +31,9 @@ x11-dl = { workspace = true, optional = true }
 xkbcommon-dl = { workspace = true, optional = true }
 
 # CoreFoundation
-block2 = { workspace = true, optional = true }
 objc2 = { workspace = true, optional = true }
 objc2-core-foundation = { workspace = true, optional = true, features = [
     "std",
-    "block2",
-    "objc2",
     "CFRunLoop",
     "CFString",
 ] }

winit-common/src/core_foundation/main_run_loop.rs

@@ -1,127 +0,0 @@
-//! Various utilities for interfacing with the main run loop.
-//!
-//! These allow for using closures without the `Send + Sync` requirement that is otherwise required
-//! when interfacing with run loops.
-//!
-//! See also <https://github.com/madsmtm/objc2/issues/696> for work on this at a lower level.
-
-use std::cell::Cell;
-
-use objc2::MainThreadMarker;
-use objc2_core_foundation::{CFRetained, CFRunLoop, CFRunLoopMode, kCFRunLoopDefaultMode};
-use tracing::error;
-
-use super::MainRunLoopObserver;
-
-/// Wrapper around [`CFRunLoop::main`].
-#[derive(Debug)]
-pub struct MainRunLoop {
-    /// This is on the main thread.
-    _mtm: MainThreadMarker,
-    /// A cached reference to the main run loop.
-    main_run_loop: CFRetained<CFRunLoop>,
-}
-
-impl MainRunLoop {
-    /// Get the main run loop.
-    pub fn get(_mtm: MainThreadMarker) -> Self {
-        let main_run_loop = CFRunLoop::main().unwrap();
-        Self { _mtm, main_run_loop }
-    }
-
-    /// Get a reference to the underlying [`CFRunLoop`].
-    pub fn run_loop(&self) -> &CFRunLoop {
-        &self.main_run_loop
-    }
-
-    /// Wake the main run loop.
-    pub fn wake_up(&self) {
-        self.main_run_loop.wake_up();
-    }
-
-    /// Submit a closure to run on the main thread as the next step in the run loop, before other
-    /// event sources are processed.
-    ///
-    /// This is used for running event handlers, as those are not allowed to run re-entrantly.
-    ///
-    /// # Implementation
-    ///
-    /// This queuing could be implemented in the following several ways with subtle differences in
-    /// timing. This list is sorted in rough order in which they are run:
-    ///
-    /// 1. Using `CFRunLoopPerformBlock` or `-[NSRunLoop performBlock:]`.
-    ///
-    /// 2. Using `-[NSObject performSelectorOnMainThread:withObject:waitUntilDone:]` or wrapping the
-    ///    event in `NSEvent` and posting that to `-[NSApplication postEvent:atStart:]` (both
-    ///    creates a custom `CFRunLoopSource`, and signals that to wake up the main event loop).
-    ///
-    ///    a. `atStart = true`.
-    ///
-    ///    b. `atStart = false`.
-    ///
-    /// 3. `dispatch_async` or `dispatch_async_f`. Note that this may appear before 2b, it does not
-    ///    respect the ordering that runloop events have.
-    ///
-    /// We choose the first one, both for ease-of-implementation, but mostly for consistency, as we
-    /// want the event to be queued in a way that preserves the order the events originally arrived
-    /// in.
-    ///
-    /// As an example, let's assume that we receive two events from the user, a mouse click which we
-    /// handled by queuing it, and a window resize which we handled immediately. If we allowed
-    /// AppKit to choose the ordering when queuing the mouse event, it might get put in the back of
-    /// the queue, and the events would appear out of order to the user of Winit. So we must instead
-    /// put the event at the very front of the queue, to be handled as soon as possible after
-    /// handling whatever event it's currently handling.
-    pub fn queue_closure(&self, closure: impl FnOnce() + 'static) {
-        // Convert `FnOnce()` to `Block<dyn Fn()>`.
-        let closure = Cell::new(Some(closure));
-        let block = block2::RcBlock::new(move || {
-            debug_assert!(MainThreadMarker::new().is_some());
-            if let Some(closure) = closure.take() {
-                closure()
-            } else {
-                error!("tried to execute queued closure on main thread twice");
-            }
-        });
-
-        // There are a few common modes (`kCFRunLoopCommonModes`) defined by Cocoa:
-        // - `NSDefaultRunLoopMode`, alias of `kCFRunLoopDefaultMode`.
-        // - `NSEventTrackingRunLoopMode`, used when mouse-dragging and live-resizing a window.
-        // - `NSModalPanelRunLoopMode`, used when running a modal inside the Winit event loop.
-        // - `NSConnectionReplyMode`: TODO.
-        //
-        // We only want to run event handlers in the default mode, as we support running a blocking
-        // modal inside a Winit event handler (see [#1779]) which outrules the modal panel mode, and
-        // resizing such panel window enters the event tracking run loop mode, so we can't directly
-        // trigger events inside that mode either.
-        //
-        // Any events that are queued while running a modal or when live-resizing will instead wait,
-        // and be delivered to the application afterwards.
-        //
-        // [#1779]: https://github.com/rust-windowing/winit/issues/1779
-        let mode = unsafe { kCFRunLoopDefaultMode.unwrap() };
-
-        let _ = self._mtm;
-        // SAFETY: The runloop is valid, the mode is a `CFStringRef`, and the block is `'static`.
-        //
-        // Additionally, we have a `MainThreadMarker` here, which means we know we're on the main
-        // thread. We also know that the run loop is the main-thread run loop, so scheduling a
-        // non-`Send` block to that is allowed.
-        unsafe { self.main_run_loop.perform_block(Some(mode), Some(&block)) }
-    }
-
-    /// Add an observer to the main run loop.
-    pub fn add_observer(&self, observer: &MainRunLoopObserver, mode: &CFRunLoopMode) {
-        // Accessing the `MainObserver`'s observer is fine here, since we're adding it to the main
-        // run loop (which is on the same thread that the observer was created on).
-        self.main_run_loop.add_observer(Some(&observer.observer), Some(mode));
-    }
-
-    /// Remove an observer from the main run loop.
-    ///
-    /// This is also done automatically when the [`MainRunLoopObserver`] is dropped.
-    pub fn remove_observer(&self, observer: &MainRunLoopObserver, mode: &CFRunLoopMode) {
-        // Same as in `add_observer`, accessing the main loop's observer is fine.
-        self.main_run_loop.add_observer(Some(&observer.observer), Some(mode));
-    }
-}

winit-common/src/core_foundation/main_run_loop_observer.rs

@@ -1,55 +0,0 @@
-use block2::RcBlock;
-use objc2::MainThreadMarker;
-use objc2_core_foundation::{
-    CFIndex, CFRetained, CFRunLoopActivity, CFRunLoopObserver, kCFAllocatorDefault,
-};
-
-/// A [`CFRunLoopObserver`] on the main thread.
-///
-/// This type has "ownership" semantics, and invalidates the observer when dropped.
-#[derive(Debug)]
-pub struct MainRunLoopObserver {
-    /// This must be private, otherwise the user might add it to an arbitrary run loop (but this
-    /// observer is not designed to only be on the main thread).
-    pub(crate) observer: CFRetained<CFRunLoopObserver>,
-}
-
-impl MainRunLoopObserver {
-    /// Create a new run loop observer that observes the main run loop.
-    pub fn new(
-        mtm: MainThreadMarker,
-        activities: CFRunLoopActivity,
-        repeats: bool,
-        // The lower the value, the sooner this will run (inverse of a "priority").
-        order: CFIndex,
-        callback: impl Fn(CFRunLoopActivity) + 'static,
-    ) -> Self {
-        let block = RcBlock::new(move |_: *mut _, activity| {
-            debug_assert!(MainThreadMarker::new().is_some());
-            callback(activity)
-        });
-
-        let _ = mtm;
-        // SAFETY: The callback is not Send + Sync, which would normally be unsound, but since we
-        // restrict the callback to only ever be on the main thread (by taking `MainThreadMarker`,
-        // and in `MainRunLoop::add_observer`), the callback doesn't have to be thread safe.
-        let observer = unsafe {
-            CFRunLoopObserver::with_handler(
-                kCFAllocatorDefault,
-                activities.0,
-                repeats,
-                order,
-                Some(&block),
-            )
-        }
-        .unwrap();
-
-        Self { observer }
-    }
-}
-
-impl Drop for MainRunLoopObserver {
-    fn drop(&mut self) {
-        self.observer.invalidate();
-    }
-}

winit-common/src/core_foundation/mod.rs

@@ -1,12 +1,3 @@
-//! Various wrappers around [`CFRunLoop`][objc2_core_foundation::CFRunLoop].
-//!
-//! See Apple's documentation on Run Loops for details:
-//! <https://developer.apple.com/library/archive/documentation/Cocoa/Conceptual/Multithreading/RunLoopManagement/RunLoopManagement.html>
-
 mod event_loop_proxy;
-mod main_run_loop;
-mod main_run_loop_observer;
 
-pub use self::event_loop_proxy::*;
-pub use self::main_run_loop::*;
-pub use self::main_run_loop_observer::*;
+pub use event_loop_proxy::*;

winit-core/src/application/mod.rs

@@ -1,9 +1,4 @@
 //! End user application handling.
-#[cfg(not(target_family = "wasm"))]
-use std::time::Instant;
-
-#[cfg(target_family = "wasm")]
-use web_time::Instant;
 
 use crate::event::{DeviceEvent, DeviceId, StartCause, WindowEvent};
 use crate::event_loop::ActiveEventLoop;
@@ -197,14 +192,10 @@ pub trait ApplicationHandler {
     }
 
     /// Emitted when the OS sends an event to a winit window.
-    ///
-    /// Contains the ID of the window, the event, and the time the event was received. Note that
-    /// since events are queued, the time will differ from [`Instant::now()`].
     fn window_event(
         &mut self,
         event_loop: &dyn ActiveEventLoop,
         window_id: WindowId,
-        timestamp: Instant,
         event: WindowEvent,
     );
 
@@ -215,10 +206,9 @@ pub trait ApplicationHandler {
         &mut self,
         event_loop: &dyn ActiveEventLoop,
         device_id: Option<DeviceId>,
-        timestamp: Instant,
         event: DeviceEvent,
     ) {
-        let _ = (event_loop, device_id, timestamp, event);
+        let _ = (event_loop, device_id, event);
     }
 
     /// Emitted when the event loop is about to block and wait for new events.
@@ -382,10 +372,9 @@ impl<A: ?Sized + ApplicationHandler> ApplicationHandler for &mut A {
         &mut self,
         event_loop: &dyn ActiveEventLoop,
         window_id: WindowId,
-        timestamp: Instant,
         event: WindowEvent,
     ) {
-        (**self).window_event(event_loop, window_id, timestamp, event);
+        (**self).window_event(event_loop, window_id, event);
     }
 
     #[inline]
@@ -393,10 +382,9 @@ impl<A: ?Sized + ApplicationHandler> ApplicationHandler for &mut A {
         &mut self,
         event_loop: &dyn ActiveEventLoop,
         device_id: Option<DeviceId>,
-        timestamp: Instant,
         event: DeviceEvent,
     ) {
-        (**self).device_event(event_loop, device_id, timestamp, event);
+        (**self).device_event(event_loop, device_id, event);
     }
 
     #[inline]
@@ -452,10 +440,9 @@ impl<A: ?Sized + ApplicationHandler> ApplicationHandler for Box<A> {
         &mut self,
         event_loop: &dyn ActiveEventLoop,
         window_id: WindowId,
-        timestamp: Instant,
         event: WindowEvent,
     ) {
-        (**self).window_event(event_loop, window_id, timestamp, event);
+        (**self).window_event(event_loop, window_id, event);
     }
 
     #[inline]
@@ -463,10 +450,9 @@ impl<A: ?Sized + ApplicationHandler> ApplicationHandler for Box<A> {
         &mut self,
         event_loop: &dyn ActiveEventLoop,
         device_id: Option<DeviceId>,
-        timestamp: Instant,
         event: DeviceEvent,
     ) {
-        (**self).device_event(event_loop, device_id, timestamp, event);
+        (**self).device_event(event_loop, device_id, event);
     }
 
     #[inline]

winit-core/src/event.rs

@@ -156,8 +156,6 @@ pub enum WindowEvent {
     Ime(Ime),
 
     /// The pointer has moved on the window.
-    ///
-    /// Should be emitted regardless of window focus.
     PointerMoved {
         device_id: Option<DeviceId>,
 
@@ -186,8 +184,6 @@ pub enum WindowEvent {
     },
 
     /// The pointer has entered the window.
-    ///
-    /// Should be emitted regardless of window focus.
     PointerEntered {
         device_id: Option<DeviceId>,
 
@@ -213,8 +209,6 @@ pub enum WindowEvent {
     },
 
     /// The pointer has left the window.
-    ///
-    /// Should be emitted regardless of window focus.
     PointerLeft {
         device_id: Option<DeviceId>,
 
@@ -522,19 +516,6 @@ impl From<PointerSource> for PointerKind {
 /// system.
 #[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq)]
 pub enum ButtonSource {
-    /// ## Platform-specific
-    ///
-    /// ### macOS
-    ///
-    /// Users may expect holding [<kbd>CTRL</kbd>](ModifiersState::CONTROL) while
-    /// clicking [`MouseButton::Left`] to result in a "secondary" click, but the way these
-    /// clicks behave natively is slightly different from how a physical secondary
-    /// button press would, depending on the content under the cursor when clicked. If
-    /// applications want this behavior they should implement it themselves by interpreting
-    /// [`Left`](MouseButton::Left) clicks as secondary when
-    /// [<kbd>CTRL</kbd>](ModifiersState::CONTROL) is held and their internal logic deems it
-    /// appropriate for the content under the pointer.
-    /// See also https://github.com/rust-windowing/winit/issues/4469.
     Mouse(MouseButton),
     /// See [`PointerSource::Touch`] for more details.
     ///
@@ -810,7 +791,7 @@ pub struct KeyEvent {
     ///
     /// ## Platform-specific
     ///
-    /// - **Android:** This field is always the same value as `text`.
+    /// - **Android:** Unimplemented, this field is always the same value as `text`.
     /// - **iOS:** Unimplemented, this field is always the same value as `text`.
     /// - **Web:** Unsupported, this field is always the same value as `text`.
     pub text_with_all_modifiers: Option<SmolStr>,

winit-core/src/event_loop/mod.rs

@@ -1,6 +1,4 @@
-pub mod never_return;
 pub mod pump_events;
-pub mod register;
 pub mod run_on_demand;
 
 use std::fmt::{self, Debug};
@@ -176,11 +174,11 @@ pub trait EventLoopProxyProvider: Send + Sync + Debug {
 /// - A reference-counted pointer to the underlying type.
 #[derive(Clone)]
 pub struct OwnedDisplayHandle {
-    pub(crate) handle: Arc<dyn HasDisplayHandle + Send + Sync>,
+    pub(crate) handle: Arc<dyn HasDisplayHandle>,
 }
 
 impl OwnedDisplayHandle {
-    pub fn new(handle: Arc<dyn HasDisplayHandle + Send + Sync>) -> Self {
+    pub fn new(handle: Arc<dyn HasDisplayHandle>) -> Self {
         Self { handle }
     }
 }

winit-core/src/event_loop/never_return.rs

@@ -1,14 +0,0 @@
-use crate::application::ApplicationHandler;
-
-/// Additional methods on `EventLoop` for platforms whose run method never return.
-pub trait EventLoopExtNeverReturn {
-    /// Run the event loop and call `process::exit` once finished.
-    ///
-    /// ## Platform-specific
-    ///
-    /// - **iOS**: This registers the callbacks with the system and calls `UIApplicationMain`.
-    /// - **macOS**: Unimplemented (TODO: Should call `NSApplicationMain`).
-    /// - **Android/Orbital/Wayland/Windows/X11**: Unsupported.
-    /// - **Web**: Impossible to support properly.
-    fn run_app_never_return<A: ApplicationHandler + 'static>(self, app: A) -> !;
-}

winit-core/src/event_loop/register.rs

@@ -1,17 +0,0 @@
-use crate::application::ApplicationHandler;
-
-/// Additional methods on `EventLoop` that registers it with the system event loop.
-pub trait EventLoopExtRegister {
-    /// Initialize and register the application with the system's event loop, such that the
-    /// callbacks will be run later.
-    ///
-    /// ## Platform-specific
-    ///
-    /// - **Web**: Once the event loop has been destroyed, it's possible to reinitialize another
-    ///   event loop by calling this function again. This can be useful if you want to recreate the
-    ///   event loop while the WebAssembly module is still loaded. For example, this can be used to
-    ///   recreate the event loop when switching between tabs on a single page application.
-    /// - **iOS/macOS**: Unimplemented.
-    /// - **Android/Orbital/Wayland/Windows/X11**: Unsupported.
-    fn register_app<A: ApplicationHandler + 'static>(self, app: A);
-}

winit-core/src/event_loop/run_on_demand.rs

@@ -6,13 +6,15 @@ use crate::{
     window::Window,
 };
 
+#[allow(rustdoc::broken_intra_doc_links)] // FIXME(madsmtm): Fix these.
 /// Additional methods on [`EventLoop`] to return control flow to the caller.
 pub trait EventLoopExtRunOnDemand {
     /// Run the application with the event loop on the calling thread.
     ///
     /// Unlike [`EventLoop::run_app`], this function accepts non-`'static` (i.e. non-`move`)
-    /// state and it is possible to return control back to the caller without consuming the
-    /// `EventLoop` (by using [`exit()`]) and so the event loop can be re-run after it has exit.
+    /// closures and it is possible to return control back to the caller without
+    /// consuming the `EventLoop` (by using [`exit()`]) and
+    /// so the event loop can be re-run after it has exit.
     ///
     /// It's expected that each run of the loop will be for orthogonal instantiations of your
     /// Winit application, but internally each instantiation may re-use some common window
@@ -29,7 +31,8 @@ pub trait EventLoopExtRunOnDemand {
     ///
     /// # Caveats
     /// - This extension isn't available on all platforms, since it's not always possible to return
-    ///   to the caller (specifically this is impossible on iOS and Web).
+    ///   to the caller (specifically this is impossible on iOS and Web - though with the Web
+    ///   backend it is possible to use `EventLoopExtWeb::spawn_app()`[^1] more than once instead).
     /// - No [`Window`] state can be carried between separate runs of the event loop.
     ///
     /// You are strongly encouraged to use [`EventLoop::run_app()`] for portability, unless you
@@ -48,6 +51,8 @@ pub trait EventLoopExtRunOnDemand {
     ///   are delivered via callbacks based on an event loop that is internal to the browser itself.
     /// - **iOS:** It's not possible to stop and start an `UIApplication` repeatedly on iOS.
     ///
+    /// [^1]: `spawn_app()` is only available on the Web platforms.
+    ///
     /// [`exit()`]: ActiveEventLoop::exit()
     /// [`set_control_flow()`]: ActiveEventLoop::set_control_flow()
     fn run_app_on_demand<A: ApplicationHandler>(&mut self, app: A) -> Result<(), EventLoopError>;

winit-core/src/keyboard.rs

@@ -29,13 +29,11 @@ pub enum NativeKeyCode {
     Windows(u16),
     /// An XKB "keycode".
     Xkb(u32),
-    /// An OpenHarmony "scancode".
-    Ohos(u32),
 }
 
 impl std::fmt::Debug for NativeKeyCode {
     fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
-        use NativeKeyCode::{Android, MacOS, Ohos, Unidentified, Windows, Xkb};
+        use NativeKeyCode::{Android, MacOS, Unidentified, Windows, Xkb};
         let mut debug_tuple;
         match self {
             Unidentified => {
@@ -57,10 +55,6 @@ impl std::fmt::Debug for NativeKeyCode {
                 debug_tuple = f.debug_tuple("Xkb");
                 debug_tuple.field(&format_args!("0x{code:04X}"));
             },
-            Ohos(code) => {
-                debug_tuple = f.debug_tuple("OpenHarmony");
-                debug_tuple.field(&format_args!("0x{code:04X}"));
-            },
         }
         debug_tuple.finish()
     }
@@ -91,13 +85,11 @@ pub enum NativeKey {
     Xkb(u32),
     /// A "key value string".
     Web(SmolStr),
-    /// An OpenHarmony "keycode", which is similar to a "virtual-key code" on Windows.
-    Ohos(u32),
 }
 
 impl std::fmt::Debug for NativeKey {
     fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
-        use NativeKey::{Android, MacOS, Ohos, Unidentified, Web, Windows, Xkb};
+        use NativeKey::{Android, MacOS, Unidentified, Web, Windows, Xkb};
         let mut debug_tuple;
         match self {
             Unidentified => {
@@ -123,10 +115,6 @@ impl std::fmt::Debug for NativeKey {
                 debug_tuple = f.debug_tuple("Web");
                 debug_tuple.field(code);
             },
-            Ohos(code) => {
-                debug_tuple = f.debug_tuple("OpenHarmony");
-                debug_tuple.field(code);
-            },
         }
         debug_tuple.finish()
     }
@@ -141,7 +129,6 @@ impl From<NativeKeyCode> for NativeKey {
             NativeKeyCode::MacOS(x) => NativeKey::MacOS(x),
             NativeKeyCode::Windows(x) => NativeKey::Windows(x),
             NativeKeyCode::Xkb(x) => NativeKey::Xkb(x),
-            NativeKeyCode::Ohos(x) => NativeKey::Ohos(x),
         }
     }
 }

winit-core/src/window.rs

@@ -834,7 +834,7 @@ pub trait Window: AsAny + Send + Sync + fmt::Debug {
     ///
     /// ## Platform-specific
     ///
-    /// - **iOS / Android / Web / Orbital:** Always returns [`None`].
+    /// - **iOS / Android / Web / Wayland / Orbital:** Always returns [`None`].
     fn surface_resize_increments(&self) -> Option<PhysicalSize<u32>>;
 
     /// Sets resize increments of the surface.
@@ -846,6 +846,7 @@ pub trait Window: AsAny + Send + Sync + fmt::Debug {
     ///
     /// - **macOS:** Increments are converted to logical size and then macOS rounds them to whole
     ///   numbers.
+    /// - **Wayland:** Not implemented.
     /// - **iOS / Android / Web / Orbital:** Unsupported.
     fn set_surface_resize_increments(&self, increments: Option<Size>);
 
@@ -1135,7 +1136,7 @@ pub trait Window: AsAny + Send + Sync + fmt::Debug {
         let action = if allowed {
             let position = LogicalPosition::new(0, 0);
             let size = LogicalSize::new(0, 0);
-            let ime_caps = ImeCapabilities::new().with_hint_and_purpose().with_cursor_area();
+            let ime_caps = ImeCapabilities::new().without_hint_and_purpose().with_cursor_area();
             let request_data = ImeRequestData {
                 hint_and_purpose: Some((ImeHint::NONE, ImePurpose::Normal)),
                 // WARNING: there's nothing sensible to use here by default.
@@ -1690,22 +1691,6 @@ pub enum ImeSurroundingTextError {
     AnchorBadPosition,
 }
 
-impl fmt::Display for ImeSurroundingTextError {
-    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
-        match self {
-            ImeSurroundingTextError::TextTooLong => write!(f, "text exceeds maximum length"),
-            ImeSurroundingTextError::CursorBadPosition => {
-                write!(f, "cursor is not at a valid text index")
-            },
-            ImeSurroundingTextError::AnchorBadPosition => {
-                write!(f, "anchor is not at a valid text index")
-            },
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-impl std::error::Error for ImeSurroundingTextError {}
-
 /// Defines the text surrounding the caret
 #[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Clone, Hash)]
 #[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]

winit-orbital/Cargo.toml

@@ -21,6 +21,5 @@ tracing.workspace = true
 winit-core.workspace = true
 
 # Platform-specific
-libredox.workspace = true
 orbclient.workspace = true
-redox_event.workspace = true
+redox_syscall.workspace = true

winit-orbital/src/event_loop.rs

@@ -10,7 +10,6 @@ use orbclient::{
     ButtonEvent, EventOption, FocusEvent, HoverEvent, KeyEvent, MouseEvent, MouseRelativeEvent,
     MoveEvent, QuitEvent, ResizeEvent, ScrollEvent, TextInputEvent,
 };
-use redox_event::{EventFlags, EventQueue};
 use smol_str::SmolStr;
 use winit_core::application::ApplicationHandler;
 use winit_core::cursor::{CustomCursor, CustomCursorSource};
@@ -101,7 +100,6 @@ fn convert_scancode(scancode: u8) -> (PhysicalKey, Option<NamedKey>) {
         orbclient::K_LEFT => (KeyCode::ArrowLeft, Some(NamedKey::ArrowLeft)),
         orbclient::K_LEFT_SHIFT => (KeyCode::ShiftLeft, Some(NamedKey::Shift)),
         orbclient::K_MINUS => (KeyCode::Minus, None),
-
         orbclient::K_NUM_0 => (KeyCode::Numpad0, None),
         orbclient::K_NUM_1 => (KeyCode::Numpad1, None),
         orbclient::K_NUM_2 => (KeyCode::Numpad2, None),
@@ -112,20 +110,12 @@ fn convert_scancode(scancode: u8) -> (PhysicalKey, Option<NamedKey>) {
         orbclient::K_NUM_7 => (KeyCode::Numpad7, None),
         orbclient::K_NUM_8 => (KeyCode::Numpad8, None),
         orbclient::K_NUM_9 => (KeyCode::Numpad9, None),
-        orbclient::K_NUM_ASTERISK => (KeyCode::NumpadMultiply, None),
-        orbclient::K_NUM_ENTER => (KeyCode::NumpadEnter, Some(NamedKey::Enter)),
-        orbclient::K_NUM_MINUS => (KeyCode::NumpadSubtract, None),
-        orbclient::K_NUM_PLUS => (KeyCode::NumpadAdd, None),
-        orbclient::K_NUM_SLASH => (KeyCode::NumpadDivide, None),
-        orbclient::K_NUM_PERIOD => (KeyCode::NumpadDecimal, None),
-
         orbclient::K_PERIOD => (KeyCode::Period, None),
         orbclient::K_PGDN => (KeyCode::PageDown, Some(NamedKey::PageDown)),
         orbclient::K_PGUP => (KeyCode::PageUp, Some(NamedKey::PageUp)),
         orbclient::K_QUOTE => (KeyCode::Quote, None),
         orbclient::K_RIGHT => (KeyCode::ArrowRight, Some(NamedKey::ArrowRight)),
         orbclient::K_RIGHT_SHIFT => (KeyCode::ShiftRight, Some(NamedKey::Shift)),
-        orbclient::K_RIGHT_SUPER => (KeyCode::MetaRight, Some(NamedKey::Meta)),
         orbclient::K_SEMICOLON => (KeyCode::Semicolon, None),
         orbclient::K_SLASH => (KeyCode::Slash, None),
         orbclient::K_SPACE => (KeyCode::Space, None),
@@ -137,20 +127,6 @@ fn convert_scancode(scancode: u8) -> (PhysicalKey, Option<NamedKey>) {
         orbclient::K_VOLUME_TOGGLE => (KeyCode::AudioVolumeMute, Some(NamedKey::AudioVolumeMute)),
         orbclient::K_VOLUME_UP => (KeyCode::AudioVolumeUp, Some(NamedKey::AudioVolumeUp)),
 
-        orbclient::K_INS => (KeyCode::Insert, Some(NamedKey::Insert)),
-        orbclient::K_PRTSC => (KeyCode::PrintScreen, Some(NamedKey::PrintScreen)),
-        orbclient::K_NUM => (KeyCode::NumLock, Some(NamedKey::NumLock)),
-        orbclient::K_SCROLL => (KeyCode::ScrollLock, Some(NamedKey::ScrollLock)),
-        orbclient::K_APP => (KeyCode::ContextMenu, Some(NamedKey::ContextMenu)),
-
-        orbclient::K_MEDIA_FAST_FORWARD => {
-            (KeyCode::MediaFastForward, Some(NamedKey::MediaFastForward))
-        },
-        orbclient::K_MEDIA_REWIND => (KeyCode::MediaRewind, Some(NamedKey::MediaRewind)),
-        orbclient::K_MEDIA_STOP => (KeyCode::MediaStop, Some(NamedKey::MediaStop)),
-
-        orbclient::K_POWER => (KeyCode::Power, Some(NamedKey::Power)),
-
         _ => return (PhysicalKey::Unidentified(NativeKeyCode::Unidentified), None),
     };
     (PhysicalKey::Code(key_code), named_key_opt)
@@ -312,12 +288,16 @@ impl EventLoop {
         let (user_events_sender, user_events_receiver) = mpsc::sync_channel(1);
 
         let event_socket =
-            Arc::new(EventQueue::new().map_err(|error| os_error!(format!("{error}")))?);
+            Arc::new(RedoxSocket::event().map_err(|error| os_error!(format!("{error}")))?);
 
         let wake_socket = TimeSocket::open().map_err(|error| os_error!(format!("{error}")))?;
 
         event_socket
-            .subscribe(wake_socket.0.fd(), EventSource::Time, EventFlags::READ)
+            .write(&syscall::Event {
+                id: wake_socket.0.fd,
+                flags: syscall::EventFlags::EVENT_READ,
+                data: wake_socket.0.fd,
+            })
             .map_err(|error| os_error!(format!("{error}")))?;
 
         Ok(Self {
@@ -501,10 +481,7 @@ impl EventLoop {
         }
     }
 
-    pub fn run_app_on_demand<A: ApplicationHandler>(
-        &mut self,
-        mut app: A,
-    ) -> Result<(), EventLoopError> {
+    pub fn run_app<A: ApplicationHandler>(mut self, mut app: A) -> Result<(), EventLoopError> {
         let mut start_cause = StartCause::Init;
         loop {
             app.new_events(&self.window_target, start_cause);
@@ -518,7 +495,7 @@ impl EventLoop {
                 let mut creates = self.window_target.creates.lock().unwrap();
                 creates.pop_front()
             } {
-                let window_id = WindowId::from_raw(window.fd());
+                let window_id = WindowId::from_raw(window.fd);
 
                 let mut buf: [u8; 4096] = [0; 4096];
                 let path = window.fpath(&mut buf).expect("failed to read properties");
@@ -542,18 +519,18 @@ impl EventLoop {
             } {
                 app.window_event(&self.window_target, destroy_id, event::WindowEvent::Destroyed);
                 self.windows
-                    .retain(|(window, _event_state)| WindowId::from_raw(window.fd()) != destroy_id);
+                    .retain(|(window, _event_state)| WindowId::from_raw(window.fd) != destroy_id);
             }
 
             // Handle window events.
             let mut i = 0;
             // While loop is used here because the same window may be processed more than once.
             while let Some((window, event_state)) = self.windows.get_mut(i) {
-                let window_id = WindowId::from_raw(window.fd());
+                let window_id = WindowId::from_raw(window.fd);
 
                 let mut event_buf = [0u8; 16 * mem::size_of::<orbclient::Event>()];
-                let count = libredox::call::read(window.fd(), &mut event_buf)
-                    .expect("failed to read window events");
+                let count =
+                    syscall::read(window.fd, &mut event_buf).expect("failed to read window events");
                 // Safety: orbclient::Event is a packed struct designed to be transferred over a
                 // socket.
                 let events = unsafe {
@@ -633,7 +610,11 @@ impl EventLoop {
 
             self.window_target
                 .event_socket
-                .subscribe(timeout_socket.0.fd(), EventSource::Time, EventFlags::READ)
+                .write(&syscall::Event {
+                    id: timeout_socket.0.fd,
+                    flags: syscall::EventFlags::EVENT_READ,
+                    data: 0,
+                })
                 .unwrap();
 
             let start = Instant::now();
@@ -642,7 +623,7 @@ impl EventLoop {
 
                 if let Some(duration) = instant.checked_duration_since(start) {
                     time.tv_sec += duration.as_secs() as i64;
-                    time.tv_nsec += duration.subsec_nanos() as i64;
+                    time.tv_nsec += duration.subsec_nanos() as i32;
                     // Normalize timespec so tv_nsec is not greater than one second.
                     while time.tv_nsec >= 1_000_000_000 {
                         time.tv_sec += 1;
@@ -654,22 +635,12 @@ impl EventLoop {
             }
 
             // Wait for event if needed.
-            let event = loop {
-                match self.window_target.event_socket.next_event() {
-                    Ok(event) => break event,
-                    Err(err) if err.is_interrupt() => continue,
-                    Err(err) => {
-                        return Err(os_error!(format!("failed to read event: {err}")).into());
-                    },
-                }
-            };
+            let mut event = syscall::Event::default();
+            self.window_target.event_socket.read(&mut event).unwrap();
 
             // TODO: handle spurious wakeups (redraw caused wakeup but redraw already handled)
             match requested_resume {
-                Some(requested_resume)
-                    if event.fd == timeout_socket.0.fd()
-                        && matches!(event.user_data, EventSource::Time) =>
-                {
+                Some(requested_resume) if event.id == timeout_socket.0.fd => {
                     // If the event is from the special timeout socket, report that resume
                     // time was reached.
                     start_cause = StartCause::ResumeTimeReached { start, requested_resume };
@@ -707,13 +678,6 @@ impl EventLoopProxyProvider for EventLoopProxy {
 
 impl Unpin for EventLoopProxy {}
 
-redox_event::user_data! {
-    pub enum EventSource {
-        Orbital,
-        Time,
-    }
-}
-
 #[derive(Debug)]
 pub struct ActiveEventLoop {
     control_flow: Cell<ControlFlow>,
@@ -721,7 +685,7 @@ pub struct ActiveEventLoop {
     pub(super) creates: Mutex<VecDeque<Arc<RedoxSocket>>>,
     pub(super) redraws: Arc<Mutex<VecDeque<WindowId>>>,
     pub(super) destroys: Arc<Mutex<VecDeque<WindowId>>>,
-    pub(super) event_socket: Arc<EventQueue<EventSource>>,
+    pub(super) event_socket: Arc<RedoxSocket>,
     pub(super) event_loop_proxy: Arc<EventLoopProxy>,
 }
 

winit-orbital/src/lib.rs

@@ -3,12 +3,7 @@
 //! Redox OS has some functionality not yet present that will be implemented
 //! when its orbital display server provides it.
 
-use std::fs::{File, OpenOptions};
-use std::io::{Read, Result, Write};
-use std::os::fd::AsRawFd;
-use std::{fmt, mem, slice, str};
-
-use libredox::data::TimeSpec;
+use std::{fmt, str};
 
 pub use self::event_loop::{EventLoop, PlatformSpecificEventLoopAttributes};
 
@@ -21,11 +16,15 @@ pub mod window;
 
 #[derive(Debug)]
 struct RedoxSocket {
-    fd: File,
+    fd: usize,
 }
 
 impl RedoxSocket {
-    fn orbital(properties: &WindowProperties<'_>) -> Result<Self> {
+    fn event() -> syscall::Result<Self> {
+        Self::open_raw("/scheme/event")
+    }
+
+    fn orbital(properties: &WindowProperties<'_>) -> syscall::Result<Self> {
         Self::open_raw(&format!("{properties}"))
     }
 
@@ -33,27 +32,30 @@ impl RedoxSocket {
     // non-socket path is used, it could cause read and write to not function as expected. For
     // example, the seek would change in a potentially unpredictable way if either read or write
     // were called at the same time by multiple threads.
-    fn open_raw(path: &str) -> Result<Self> {
-        let fd = OpenOptions::new().read(true).write(true).open(path)?;
+    fn open_raw(path: &str) -> syscall::Result<Self> {
+        let fd = syscall::open(path, syscall::O_RDWR | syscall::O_CLOEXEC)?;
         Ok(Self { fd })
     }
 
-    fn fd(&self) -> usize {
-        self.fd.as_raw_fd() as usize
+    fn read(&self, buf: &mut [u8]) -> syscall::Result<()> {
+        let count = syscall::read(self.fd, buf)?;
+        if count == buf.len() { Ok(()) } else { Err(syscall::Error::new(syscall::EINVAL)) }
     }
 
-    fn read(&self, buf: &mut [u8]) -> Result<()> {
-        (&self.fd).read_exact(buf)
+    fn write(&self, buf: &[u8]) -> syscall::Result<()> {
+        let count = syscall::write(self.fd, buf)?;
+        if count == buf.len() { Ok(()) } else { Err(syscall::Error::new(syscall::EINVAL)) }
     }
 
-    fn write(&self, buf: &[u8]) -> Result<()> {
-        (&self.fd).write_all(buf)
+    fn fpath<'a>(&self, buf: &'a mut [u8]) -> syscall::Result<&'a str> {
+        let count = syscall::fpath(self.fd, buf)?;
+        str::from_utf8(&buf[..count]).map_err(|_err| syscall::Error::new(syscall::EINVAL))
     }
+}
 
-    fn fpath<'a>(&self, buf: &'a mut [u8]) -> Result<&'a str> {
-        let count = libredox::call::fpath(self.fd(), buf)?;
-        str::from_utf8(&buf[..count])
-            .map_err(|_| std::io::Error::from(std::io::ErrorKind::InvalidData))
+impl Drop for RedoxSocket {
+    fn drop(&mut self) {
+        let _ = syscall::close(self.fd);
     }
 }
 
@@ -61,36 +63,26 @@ impl RedoxSocket {
 struct TimeSocket(RedoxSocket);
 
 impl TimeSocket {
-    fn open() -> Result<Self> {
+    fn open() -> syscall::Result<Self> {
         RedoxSocket::open_raw("/scheme/time/4").map(Self)
     }
 
     // Read current time.
-    fn current_time(&self) -> Result<TimeSpec> {
-        let mut timespec: libredox::data::TimeSpec = unsafe { mem::zeroed() };
-        let timespec_bytes = unsafe {
-            slice::from_raw_parts_mut(
-                &mut timespec as *mut _ as *mut u8,
-                mem::size_of::<TimeSpec>(),
-            )
-        };
-        self.0.read(timespec_bytes)?;
+    fn current_time(&self) -> syscall::Result<syscall::TimeSpec> {
+        let mut timespec = syscall::TimeSpec::default();
+        self.0.read(&mut timespec)?;
         Ok(timespec)
     }
 
     // Write a timeout.
-    fn timeout(&self, timespec: &TimeSpec) -> Result<()> {
-        let timespec_bytes = unsafe {
-            slice::from_raw_parts(timespec as *const _ as *const u8, mem::size_of::<TimeSpec>())
-        };
-        self.0.write(timespec_bytes)
+    fn timeout(&self, timespec: &syscall::TimeSpec) -> syscall::Result<()> {
+        self.0.write(timespec)
     }
 
     // Wake immediately.
-    fn wake(&self) -> Result<()> {
+    fn wake(&self) -> syscall::Result<()> {
         // Writing a default TimeSpec will always trigger a time event.
-        let timespec: TimeSpec = unsafe { mem::zeroed() };
-        self.timeout(&timespec)
+        self.timeout(&syscall::TimeSpec::default())
     }
 }
 
@@ -105,7 +97,7 @@ struct WindowProperties<'a> {
 
 impl<'a> WindowProperties<'a> {
     fn new(path: &'a str) -> Self {
-        // /scheme/orbital/flags/x/y/w/h/t
+        // orbital:flags/x/y/w/h/t
         let mut parts = path.splitn(6, '/');
         let flags = parts.next().unwrap_or("");
         let x = parts.next().map_or(0, |part| part.parse::<i32>().unwrap_or(0));

winit-orbital/src/window.rs

@@ -3,13 +3,12 @@ use std::iter;
 use std::sync::{Arc, Mutex};
 
 use dpi::{PhysicalInsets, PhysicalPosition, PhysicalSize, Position, Size};
-use redox_event::EventFlags;
 use winit_core::cursor::Cursor;
 use winit_core::error::{NotSupportedError, RequestError};
 use winit_core::monitor::{Fullscreen, MonitorHandle as CoreMonitorHandle};
 use winit_core::window::{self, Window as CoreWindow, WindowId};
 
-use crate::event_loop::{ActiveEventLoop, EventLoopProxy, EventSource};
+use crate::event_loop::{ActiveEventLoop, EventLoopProxy};
 use crate::{RedoxSocket, WindowProperties};
 
 // These values match the values uses in the `window_new` function in orbital:
@@ -104,7 +103,13 @@ impl Window {
         .expect("failed to open window");
 
         // Add to event socket.
-        el.event_socket.subscribe(window.fd(), EventSource::Orbital, EventFlags::READ).unwrap();
+        el.event_socket
+            .write(&syscall::Event {
+                id: window.fd,
+                flags: syscall::EventFlags::EVENT_READ,
+                data: window.fd,
+            })
+            .unwrap();
 
         let window_socket = Arc::new(window);
 
@@ -141,7 +146,7 @@ impl Window {
     #[inline]
     fn raw_window_handle_rwh_06(&self) -> Result<rwh_06::RawWindowHandle, rwh_06::HandleError> {
         let handle = rwh_06::OrbitalWindowHandle::new({
-            let window = self.window_socket.fd() as *mut _;
+            let window = self.window_socket.fd as *mut _;
             std::ptr::NonNull::new(window).expect("orbital fd should never be null")
         });
         Ok(rwh_06::RawWindowHandle::Orbital(handle))
@@ -155,7 +160,7 @@ impl Window {
 
 impl CoreWindow for Window {
     fn id(&self) -> WindowId {
-        WindowId::from_raw(self.window_socket.fd())
+        WindowId::from_raw(self.window_socket.fd)
     }
 
     fn ime_capabilities(&self) -> Option<window::ImeCapabilities> {

winit-uikit/src/event_loop.rs

@@ -1,9 +1,13 @@
+use std::ffi::c_void;
+use std::ptr;
 use std::sync::Arc;
 
 use objc2::rc::Retained;
 use objc2::runtime::ProtocolObject;
 use objc2::{ClassType, MainThreadMarker, msg_send};
-use objc2_core_foundation::{CFIndex, CFRunLoopActivity, kCFRunLoopDefaultMode};
+use objc2_core_foundation::{
+    CFIndex, CFRunLoop, CFRunLoopActivity, CFRunLoopObserver, kCFRunLoopDefaultMode,
+};
 use objc2_foundation::{NSNotificationCenter, NSObjectProtocol};
 use objc2_ui_kit::{
     UIApplication, UIApplicationDidBecomeActiveNotification,
@@ -12,7 +16,6 @@ use objc2_ui_kit::{
     UIApplicationWillResignActiveNotification, UIApplicationWillTerminateNotification, UIScreen,
 };
 use rwh_06::HasDisplayHandle;
-use winit_common::core_foundation::{MainRunLoop, MainRunLoopObserver};
 use winit_core::application::ApplicationHandler;
 use winit_core::cursor::{CustomCursor, CustomCursorSource};
 use winit_core::error::{EventLoopError, NotSupportedError, RequestError};
@@ -133,10 +136,6 @@ pub struct EventLoop {
     _did_enter_background_observer: Retained<ProtocolObject<dyn NSObjectProtocol>>,
     _will_terminate_observer: Retained<ProtocolObject<dyn NSObjectProtocol>>,
     _did_receive_memory_warning_observer: Retained<ProtocolObject<dyn NSObjectProtocol>>,
-
-    _wakeup_observer: MainRunLoopObserver,
-    _main_events_cleared_observer: MainRunLoopObserver,
-    _events_cleared_observer: MainRunLoopObserver,
 }
 
 #[derive(Default, Debug, Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
@@ -152,6 +151,9 @@ impl EventLoop {
             return Err(EventLoopError::RecreationAttempt);
         }
 
+        // this line sets up the main run loop before `UIApplicationMain`
+        setup_control_flow_observers();
+
         let center = NSNotificationCenter::defaultCenter();
 
         let _did_finish_launching_observer = create_observer(
@@ -223,50 +225,6 @@ impl EventLoop {
             move |_| app_state::handle_memory_warning(mtm),
         );
 
-        let main_loop = MainRunLoop::get(mtm);
-        let mode = unsafe { kCFRunLoopDefaultMode }.unwrap();
-
-        let _wakeup_observer = MainRunLoopObserver::new(
-            mtm,
-            CFRunLoopActivity::AfterWaiting,
-            true,
-            // Queued with the highest priority to ensure it is processed before other observers.
-            CFIndex::MIN,
-            move |_| app_state::handle_wakeup_transition(mtm),
-        );
-        main_loop.add_observer(&_wakeup_observer, mode);
-
-        let _main_events_cleared_observer = MainRunLoopObserver::new(
-            mtm,
-            CFRunLoopActivity::BeforeWaiting,
-            true,
-            // Core Animation registers its `CFRunLoopObserver` that performs drawing operations in
-            // `CA::Transaction::ensure_implicit` with a priority of `0x1e8480`. We set the
-            // main_end priority to be 0, in order to send `AboutToWait` before `RedrawRequested`.
-            // This value was chosen conservatively to guard against apple using different
-            // priorities for their redraw observers in different OS's or on different devices. If
-            // it so happens that it's too conservative, the main symptom would be non-redraw
-            // events coming in after `AboutToWait`.
-            //
-            // The value of `0x1e8480` was determined by inspecting stack traces and the associated
-            // registers for every `CFRunLoopAddObserver` call on an iPad Air 2 running iOS 11.4.
-            //
-            // Also tested to be `0x1e8480` on iPhone 8, iOS 13 beta 4.
-            0,
-            move |_| app_state::handle_main_events_cleared(mtm),
-        );
-        main_loop.add_observer(&_main_events_cleared_observer, mode);
-
-        let _events_cleared_observer = MainRunLoopObserver::new(
-            mtm,
-            CFRunLoopActivity::BeforeWaiting,
-            true,
-            // Queued with the lowest priority to ensure it is processed after other observers.
-            CFIndex::MAX,
-            move |_| app_state::handle_events_cleared(mtm),
-        );
-        main_loop.add_observer(&_events_cleared_observer, mode);
-
         Ok(EventLoop {
             mtm,
             window_target: ActiveEventLoop { mtm },
@@ -277,14 +235,10 @@ impl EventLoop {
             _did_enter_background_observer,
             _will_terminate_observer,
             _did_receive_memory_warning_observer,
-            _wakeup_observer,
-            _main_events_cleared_observer,
-            _events_cleared_observer,
         })
     }
 
-    // Require `'static` for correctness, we won't be able to `Drop` the user's state otherwise.
-    pub fn run_app_never_return<A: ApplicationHandler + 'static>(self, app: A) -> ! {
+    pub fn run_app<A: ApplicationHandler>(self, app: A) -> ! {
         let application: Option<Retained<UIApplication>> =
             unsafe { msg_send![UIApplication::class(), sharedApplication] };
         assert!(
@@ -296,10 +250,6 @@ impl EventLoop {
 
         // We intentionally override neither the application nor the delegate,
         // to allow the user to do so themselves!
-        //
-        // NOTE: `UIApplicationMain` is _the only way_ to start the event loop on iOS/UIKit, there
-        // are no other feasible options. See also:
-        // <https://github.com/rust-windowing/winit/pull/4165#issuecomment-2760514167>
         app_state::launch(self.mtm, app, || UIApplication::main(None, None, self.mtm))
     }
 
@@ -307,3 +257,97 @@ impl EventLoop {
         &self.window_target
     }
 }
+
+fn setup_control_flow_observers() {
+    unsafe {
+        // begin is queued with the highest priority to ensure it is processed before other
+        // observers
+        extern "C-unwind" fn control_flow_begin_handler(
+            _: *mut CFRunLoopObserver,
+            activity: CFRunLoopActivity,
+            _: *mut c_void,
+        ) {
+            let mtm = MainThreadMarker::new().unwrap();
+            #[allow(non_upper_case_globals)]
+            match activity {
+                CFRunLoopActivity::AfterWaiting => app_state::handle_wakeup_transition(mtm),
+                _ => unreachable!(),
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Core Animation registers its `CFRunLoopObserver` that performs drawing operations in
+        // `CA::Transaction::ensure_implicit` with a priority of `0x1e8480`. We set the main_end
+        // priority to be 0, in order to send AboutToWait before RedrawRequested. This value was
+        // chosen conservatively to guard against apple using different priorities for their redraw
+        // observers in different OS's or on different devices. If it so happens that it's too
+        // conservative, the main symptom would be non-redraw events coming in after `AboutToWait`.
+        //
+        // The value of `0x1e8480` was determined by inspecting stack traces and the associated
+        // registers for every `CFRunLoopAddObserver` call on an iPad Air 2 running iOS 11.4.
+        //
+        // Also tested to be `0x1e8480` on iPhone 8, iOS 13 beta 4.
+        extern "C-unwind" fn control_flow_main_end_handler(
+            _: *mut CFRunLoopObserver,
+            activity: CFRunLoopActivity,
+            _: *mut c_void,
+        ) {
+            let mtm = MainThreadMarker::new().unwrap();
+            #[allow(non_upper_case_globals)]
+            match activity {
+                CFRunLoopActivity::BeforeWaiting => app_state::handle_main_events_cleared(mtm),
+                CFRunLoopActivity::Exit => {}, // may happen when running on macOS
+                _ => unreachable!(),
+            }
+        }
+
+        // end is queued with the lowest priority to ensure it is processed after other observers
+        extern "C-unwind" fn control_flow_end_handler(
+            _: *mut CFRunLoopObserver,
+            activity: CFRunLoopActivity,
+            _: *mut c_void,
+        ) {
+            let mtm = MainThreadMarker::new().unwrap();
+            #[allow(non_upper_case_globals)]
+            match activity {
+                CFRunLoopActivity::BeforeWaiting => app_state::handle_events_cleared(mtm),
+                CFRunLoopActivity::Exit => {}, // may happen when running on macOS
+                _ => unreachable!(),
+            }
+        }
+
+        let main_loop = CFRunLoop::main().unwrap();
+
+        let begin_observer = CFRunLoopObserver::new(
+            None,
+            CFRunLoopActivity::AfterWaiting.0,
+            true,
+            CFIndex::MIN,
+            Some(control_flow_begin_handler),
+            ptr::null_mut(),
+        )
+        .unwrap();
+        main_loop.add_observer(Some(&begin_observer), kCFRunLoopDefaultMode);
+
+        let main_end_observer = CFRunLoopObserver::new(
+            None,
+            (CFRunLoopActivity::Exit | CFRunLoopActivity::BeforeWaiting).0,
+            true,
+            0, // see comment on `control_flow_main_end_handler`
+            Some(control_flow_main_end_handler),
+            ptr::null_mut(),
+        )
+        .unwrap();
+        main_loop.add_observer(Some(&main_end_observer), kCFRunLoopDefaultMode);
+
+        let end_observer = CFRunLoopObserver::new(
+            None,
+            (CFRunLoopActivity::Exit | CFRunLoopActivity::BeforeWaiting).0,
+            true,
+            CFIndex::MAX,
+            Some(control_flow_end_handler),
+            ptr::null_mut(),
+        )
+        .unwrap();
+        main_loop.add_observer(Some(&end_observer), kCFRunLoopDefaultMode);
+    }
+}

winit-uikit/src/view.rs

@@ -15,8 +15,8 @@ use objc2_ui_kit::{
 };
 use tracing::debug;
 use winit_core::event::{
-    ButtonSource, ElementState, FingerId, Force, KeyEvent, PointerKind, PointerSource,
-    TabletToolAngle, TabletToolButton, TabletToolData, TabletToolKind, TouchPhase, WindowEvent,
+    ButtonSource, ElementState, FingerId, Force, KeyEvent, PointerKind, PointerSource, TouchPhase,
+    WindowEvent,
 };
 use winit_core::keyboard::{Key, KeyCode, KeyLocation, NamedKey, NativeKeyCode, PhysicalKey};
 
@@ -461,18 +461,19 @@ impl WinitView {
         let window = self.window().unwrap();
         let mut touch_events = Vec::new();
         for touch in touches {
+            if let UITouchType::Pencil = touch.r#type() {
+                continue;
+            }
+
             let logical_location = touch.locationInView(None);
             let touch_type = touch.r#type();
-            let force = if available!(ios = 9.0, tvos = 9.0, visionos = 1.0) {
-                let use_force = match touch_type {
-                    UITouchType::Pencil => true,
-                    _ => {
-                        let trait_collection = self.traitCollection();
-                        trait_collection.forceTouchCapability() == UIForceTouchCapability::Available
-                    },
-                };
-
-                if use_force {
+            let force = if let UITouchType::Pencil = touch_type {
+                None
+            } else if available!(ios = 9.0, tvos = 9.0, visionos = 1.0) {
+                let trait_collection = self.traitCollection();
+                let touch_capability = trait_collection.forceTouchCapability();
+                // Both the OS _and_ the device need to be checked for force touch support.
+                if touch_capability == UIForceTouchCapability::Available {
                     let force = touch.force();
                     let max_possible_force = touch.maximumPossibleForce();
                     Some(Force::Calibrated {
@@ -528,7 +529,7 @@ impl WinitView {
                             primary,
                             position,
                             kind: if let UITouchType::Pencil = touch_type {
-                                PointerKind::TabletTool(TabletToolKind::Pencil)
+                                PointerKind::Unknown
                             } else {
                                 PointerKind::Touch(finger_id)
                             },
@@ -542,12 +543,7 @@ impl WinitView {
                             state: ElementState::Pressed,
                             position,
                             button: if let UITouchType::Pencil = touch_type {
-                                let tool_data = self.tablet_tool_data_for_pencil(&touch);
-                                ButtonSource::TabletTool {
-                                    kind: TabletToolKind::Pencil,
-                                    button: TabletToolButton::Contact,
-                                    data: tool_data,
-                                }
+                                ButtonSource::Unknown(0)
                             } else {
                                 ButtonSource::Touch { finger_id, force }
                             },
@@ -556,11 +552,7 @@ impl WinitView {
                 },
                 UITouchPhase::Moved => {
                     let (primary, source) = if let UITouchType::Pencil = touch_type {
-                        let tool_data = self.tablet_tool_data_for_pencil(&touch);
-                        (true, PointerSource::TabletTool {
-                            kind: TabletToolKind::Pencil,
-                            data: tool_data,
-                        })
+                        (true, PointerSource::Unknown)
                     } else {
                         (ivars.primary_finger.get().unwrap() == finger_id, PointerSource::Touch {
                             finger_id,
@@ -600,12 +592,7 @@ impl WinitView {
                                 state: ElementState::Released,
                                 position,
                                 button: if let UITouchType::Pencil = touch_type {
-                                    let tool_data = self.tablet_tool_data_for_pencil(&touch);
-                                    ButtonSource::TabletTool {
-                                        kind: TabletToolKind::Pencil,
-                                        button: TabletToolButton::Contact,
-                                        data: tool_data,
-                                    }
+                                    ButtonSource::Unknown(0)
                                 } else {
                                     ButtonSource::Touch { finger_id, force }
                                 },
@@ -620,7 +607,7 @@ impl WinitView {
                             primary,
                             position: Some(position),
                             kind: if let UITouchType::Pencil = touch_type {
-                                PointerKind::TabletTool(TabletToolKind::Pencil)
+                                PointerKind::Unknown
                             } else {
                                 PointerKind::Touch(finger_id)
                             },
@@ -634,32 +621,6 @@ impl WinitView {
         app_state::handle_nonuser_events(mtm, touch_events);
     }
 
-    fn tablet_tool_data_for_pencil(&self, touch: &UITouch) -> TabletToolData {
-        let force = if available!(ios = 9.0, tvos = 9.0, visionos = 1.0) {
-            let force_val = touch.force();
-            let max_force = touch.maximumPossibleForce();
-            Some(Force::Calibrated { force: force_val as _, max_possible_force: max_force as _ })
-        } else {
-            None
-        };
-
-        let angle = if available!(ios = 9.1, tvos = 9.0, visionos = 1.0) {
-            let altitude = touch.altitudeAngle();
-            let azimuth = touch.azimuthAngleInView(Some(self));
-            Some(TabletToolAngle { altitude: altitude as _, azimuth: azimuth as _ })
-        } else {
-            None
-        };
-
-        TabletToolData {
-            force,
-            tangential_force: None, // iOS doesn't provide barrel pressure
-            twist: None,            // iOS doesn't provide rotation/twist
-            tilt: None,             // Will be calculated from angle if needed
-            angle,
-        }
-    }
-
     fn handle_insert_text(&self, text: &NSString) {
         let window = self.window().unwrap();
         let window_id = window.id();

winit-wayland/Cargo.toml

@@ -29,8 +29,8 @@ tracing.workspace = true
 winit-core.workspace = true
 
 # Platform-specific
+ahash.workspace = true
 calloop.workspace = true
-foldhash.workspace = true
 libc.workspace = true
 memmap2.workspace = true
 rustix = { workspace = true, features = ["std", "system", "thread", "process", "event", "pipe"] }

winit-wayland/src/event_loop/mod.rs

@@ -169,6 +169,10 @@ impl EventLoop {
         Ok(event_loop)
     }
 
+    pub fn run_app<A: ApplicationHandler>(mut self, app: A) -> Result<(), EventLoopError> {
+        self.run_app_on_demand(app)
+    }
+
     pub fn run_app_on_demand<A: ApplicationHandler>(
         &mut self,
         mut app: A,

winit-wayland/src/lib.rs

@@ -14,9 +14,6 @@
 //! * `wayland-csd-adwaita-crossfont`.
 //! * `wayland-csd-adwaita-notitle`.
 //! * `wayland-csd-adwaita-notitlebar`.
-
-#![allow(clippy::mutable_key_type)]
-
 use std::ffi::c_void;
 use std::ptr::NonNull;
 

winit-wayland/src/seat/mod.rs

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
 use std::sync::Arc;
 
-use foldhash::HashMap;
+use ahash::AHashMap;
 use sctk::reexports::client::backend::ObjectId;
 use sctk::reexports::client::protocol::wl_seat::WlSeat;
 use sctk::reexports::client::protocol::wl_touch::WlTouch;
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ pub struct WinitSeatState {
     touch: Option<WlTouch>,
 
     /// The mapping from touched points to the surfaces they're present.
-    touch_map: HashMap<i32, TouchPoint>,
+    touch_map: AHashMap<i32, TouchPoint>,
 
     /// Id of the first touch event.
     first_touch_id: Option<i32>,

winit-wayland/src/seat/text_input/mod.rs

@@ -150,7 +150,7 @@ impl Dispatch<ZwpTextInputV3, TextInputData, WinitState> for TextInputState {
                 // 6. Place cursor inside preedit text.
 
                 if let Some(DeleteSurroundingText { before, after }) =
-                    text_input_data.pending_delete.take()
+                    text_input_data.pending_delete
                 {
                     state.events_sink.push_window_event(
                         WindowEvent::Ime(Ime::DeleteSurrounding {

winit-wayland/src/state.rs

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ use std::cell::RefCell;
 use std::sync::atomic::Ordering;
 use std::sync::{Arc, Mutex};
 
-use foldhash::HashMap;
+use ahash::AHashMap;
 use sctk::compositor::{CompositorHandler, CompositorState};
 use sctk::output::{OutputHandler, OutputState};
 use sctk::reexports::calloop::LoopHandle;
@@ -62,10 +62,10 @@ pub struct WinitState {
     pub xdg_shell: XdgShell,
 
     /// The currently present windows.
-    pub windows: RefCell<HashMap<WindowId, Arc<Mutex<WindowState>>>>,
+    pub windows: RefCell<AHashMap<WindowId, Arc<Mutex<WindowState>>>>,
 
     /// The requests from the `Window` to EventLoop, such as close operations and redraw requests.
-    pub window_requests: RefCell<HashMap<WindowId, Arc<WindowRequests>>>,
+    pub window_requests: RefCell<AHashMap<WindowId, Arc<WindowRequests>>>,
 
     /// The events that were generated directly from the window.
     pub window_events_sink: Arc<Mutex<EventSink>>,
@@ -74,10 +74,10 @@ pub struct WinitState {
     pub window_compositor_updates: Vec<WindowCompositorUpdate>,
 
     /// Currently handled seats.
-    pub seats: HashMap<ObjectId, WinitSeatState>,
+    pub seats: AHashMap<ObjectId, WinitSeatState>,
 
     /// Currently present cursor surfaces.
-    pub pointer_surfaces: HashMap<ObjectId, Arc<ThemedPointer<WinitPointerData>>>,
+    pub pointer_surfaces: AHashMap<ObjectId, Arc<ThemedPointer<WinitPointerData>>>,
 
     /// The state of the text input on the client.
     pub text_input_state: Option<TextInputState>,
@@ -156,7 +156,7 @@ impl WinitState {
 
         let seat_state = SeatState::new(globals, queue_handle);
 
-        let mut seats = HashMap::default();
+        let mut seats = AHashMap::default();
         for seat in seat_state.seats() {
             seats.insert(seat.id(), WinitSeatState::new());
         }

winit-wayland/src/types/wp_tablet_input_v2.rs

@@ -21,13 +21,6 @@ use sctk::reexports::protocols::wp::tablet::zv2::client::zwp_tablet_tool_v2::{
     ButtonState, Event as ToolEvent, Type as ToolType, ZwpTabletToolV2,
 };
 use sctk::reexports::protocols::wp::tablet::zv2::client::zwp_tablet_v2::ZwpTabletV2;
-use wayland_protocols::wp::tablet::zv2::client::zwp_tablet_pad_dial_v2::ZwpTabletPadDialV2;
-use wayland_protocols::wp::tablet::zv2::client::zwp_tablet_pad_group_v2::{
-    self, ZwpTabletPadGroupV2,
-};
-use wayland_protocols::wp::tablet::zv2::client::zwp_tablet_pad_ring_v2::ZwpTabletPadRingV2;
-use wayland_protocols::wp::tablet::zv2::client::zwp_tablet_pad_strip_v2::ZwpTabletPadStripV2;
-use wayland_protocols::wp::tablet::zv2::client::zwp_tablet_pad_v2;
 use winit_core::event::{
     ButtonSource, ElementState, Force, PointerKind, PointerSource, TabletToolButton,
     TabletToolData as CoreTabletToolData, TabletToolKind, TabletToolTilt, WindowEvent,
@@ -331,10 +324,6 @@ impl Dispatch<ZwpTabletV2, (), WinitState> for TabletManager {
 }
 
 impl Dispatch<ZwpTabletPadV2, (), WinitState> for TabletManager {
-    event_created_child!(WinitState, ZwpTabletPadV2, [
-        zwp_tablet_pad_v2::EVT_GROUP_OPCODE => (ZwpTabletPadGroupV2, Default::default()),
-    ]);
-
     fn event(
         _: &mut WinitState,
         _: &ZwpTabletPadV2,
@@ -346,67 +335,9 @@ impl Dispatch<ZwpTabletPadV2, (), WinitState> for TabletManager {
     }
 }
 
-impl Dispatch<ZwpTabletPadGroupV2, (), WinitState> for TabletManager {
-    event_created_child!(WinitState, ZwpTabletPadGroupV2, [
-        zwp_tablet_pad_group_v2::EVT_RING_OPCODE => (ZwpTabletPadRingV2, Default::default()),
-        zwp_tablet_pad_group_v2::EVT_STRIP_OPCODE => (ZwpTabletPadStripV2, Default::default()),
-        zwp_tablet_pad_group_v2::EVT_DIAL_OPCODE => (ZwpTabletPadDialV2, Default::default()),
-    ]);
-
-    fn event(
-        _: &mut WinitState,
-        _: &ZwpTabletPadGroupV2,
-        _: <ZwpTabletPadGroupV2 as Proxy>::Event,
-        _: &(),
-        _: &Connection,
-        _: &QueueHandle<WinitState>,
-    ) {
-    }
-}
-
-impl Dispatch<ZwpTabletPadRingV2, (), WinitState> for TabletManager {
-    fn event(
-        _: &mut WinitState,
-        _: &ZwpTabletPadRingV2,
-        _: <ZwpTabletPadRingV2 as Proxy>::Event,
-        _: &(),
-        _: &Connection,
-        _: &QueueHandle<WinitState>,
-    ) {
-    }
-}
-
-impl Dispatch<ZwpTabletPadStripV2, (), WinitState> for TabletManager {
-    fn event(
-        _: &mut WinitState,
-        _: &ZwpTabletPadStripV2,
-        _: <ZwpTabletPadStripV2 as Proxy>::Event,
-        _: &(),
-        _: &Connection,
-        _: &QueueHandle<WinitState>,
-    ) {
-    }
-}
-
-impl Dispatch<ZwpTabletPadDialV2, (), WinitState> for TabletManager {
-    fn event(
-        _: &mut WinitState,
-        _: &ZwpTabletPadDialV2,
-        _: <ZwpTabletPadDialV2 as Proxy>::Event,
-        _: &(),
-        _: &Connection,
-        _: &QueueHandle<WinitState>,
-    ) {
-    }
-}
-
 delegate_dispatch!(WinitState: [ZwpTabletManagerV2: GlobalData] => TabletManager);
 delegate_dispatch!(WinitState: [ZwpTabletManagerV2: ()] => TabletManager);
 delegate_dispatch!(WinitState: [ZwpTabletSeatV2: ()] => TabletManager);
 delegate_dispatch!(WinitState: [ZwpTabletV2: ()] => TabletManager);
 delegate_dispatch!(WinitState: [ZwpTabletToolV2: TabletToolData] => TabletManager);
 delegate_dispatch!(WinitState: [ZwpTabletPadV2: ()] => TabletManager);
-delegate_dispatch!(WinitState: [ZwpTabletPadGroupV2: ()] => TabletManager);
-delegate_dispatch!(WinitState: [ZwpTabletPadRingV2: ()] => TabletManager);
-delegate_dispatch!(WinitState: [ZwpTabletPadStripV2: ()] => TabletManager);
-delegate_dispatch!(WinitState: [ZwpTabletPadDialV2: ()] => TabletManager);

winit-wayland/src/window/mod.rs

@@ -171,12 +171,6 @@ impl Window {
             Cursor::Custom(cursor) => window_state.set_custom_cursor(cursor),
         }
 
-        // Apply resize increments.
-        if let Some(increments) = attributes.surface_resize_increments {
-            let increments = increments.to_logical(window_state.scale_factor());
-            window_state.set_resize_increments(Some(increments));
-        }
-
         // Activate the window when the token is passed.
         if let (Some(xdg_activation), Some(token)) = (xdg_activation.as_ref(), activation_token) {
             xdg_activation.activate(token.into_raw(), &surface);
@@ -376,18 +370,11 @@ impl CoreWindow for Window {
     }
 
     fn surface_resize_increments(&self) -> Option<PhysicalSize<u32>> {
-        let window_state = self.window_state.lock().unwrap();
-        let scale_factor = window_state.scale_factor();
-        window_state
-            .resize_increments()
-            .map(|size| super::logical_to_physical_rounded(size, scale_factor))
+        None
     }
 
-    fn set_surface_resize_increments(&self, increments: Option<Size>) {
-        let mut window_state = self.window_state.lock().unwrap();
-        let scale_factor = window_state.scale_factor();
-        let increments = increments.map(|size| size.to_logical(scale_factor));
-        window_state.set_resize_increments(increments);
+    fn set_surface_resize_increments(&self, _increments: Option<Size>) {
+        warn!("`set_surface_resize_increments` is not implemented for Wayland");
     }
 
     fn set_title(&self, title: &str) {

winit-wayland/src/window/state.rs

@@ -4,8 +4,8 @@ use std::num::NonZeroU32;
 use std::sync::{Arc, Mutex, Weak};
 use std::time::Duration;
 
+use ahash::HashSet;
 use dpi::{LogicalPosition, LogicalSize, PhysicalPosition, PhysicalSize, Size};
-use foldhash::HashSet;
 use sctk::compositor::{CompositorState, Region, SurfaceData, SurfaceDataExt};
 use sctk::globals::GlobalData;
 use sctk::reexports::client::backend::ObjectId;
@@ -140,7 +140,6 @@ pub struct WindowState {
     /// Min size.
     min_surface_size: LogicalSize<u32>,
     max_surface_size: Option<LogicalSize<u32>>,
-    resize_increments: Option<LogicalSize<u32>>,
 
     /// The size of the window when no states were applied to it. The primary use for it
     /// is to fallback to original window size, before it was maximized, if the compositor
@@ -224,7 +223,6 @@ impl WindowState {
             last_configure: None,
             max_surface_size: None,
             min_surface_size: MIN_WINDOW_SIZE,
-            resize_increments: None,
             pointer_constraints,
             pointers: Default::default(),
             queue_handle: queue_handle.clone(),
@@ -363,42 +361,6 @@ impl WindowState {
                 .unwrap_or(new_size.height);
         }
 
-        // Apply size increments.
-        //
-        // We conditionally apply increments to avoid conflicts with the compositor's layout rules:
-        // 1. If the window is floating (constrain == true), we snap to increments to ensure the
-        //    app's grid alignment.
-        // 2. If the user is interactively resizing (is_resizing), we snap the size to provide
-        //    feedback.
-        //
-        // However, we MUST NOT snap if the compositor enforces a specific size (constrain == false,
-        // or states like Maximized/Tiled). Snapping in these cases (e.g. corner tiling) would
-        // shrink the window below the allocated area, creating visible gaps between valid
-        // windows or screen edges.
-        if (constrain || configure.is_resizing())
-            && !configure.is_maximized()
-            && !configure.is_fullscreen()
-            && !configure.is_tiled()
-        {
-            if let Some(increments) = self.resize_increments {
-                // We use min size as a base size for the increments, similar to how X11 does it.
-                //
-                // This ensures that we can always reach the min size and the increments are
-                // calculated from it.
-                let (delta_width, delta_height) = (
-                    new_size.width.saturating_sub(self.min_surface_size.width),
-                    new_size.height.saturating_sub(self.min_surface_size.height),
-                );
-
-                let width = self.min_surface_size.width
-                    + (delta_width / increments.width) * increments.width;
-                let height = self.min_surface_size.height
-                    + (delta_height / increments.height) * increments.height;
-
-                new_size = (width, height).into();
-            }
-        }
-
         let new_state = configure.state;
         let old_state = self.last_configure.as_ref().map(|configure| configure.state);
 
@@ -787,18 +749,6 @@ impl WindowState {
         self.selected_cursor = SelectedCursor::Custom(cursor);
     }
 
-    /// Set the resize increments of the window.
-    pub fn set_resize_increments(&mut self, increments: Option<LogicalSize<u32>>) {
-        self.resize_increments = increments;
-        // NOTE: We don't update the window size here, because it will be done on the next resize
-        // or configure event.
-    }
-
-    /// Get the resize increments of the window.
-    pub fn resize_increments(&self) -> Option<LogicalSize<u32>> {
-        self.resize_increments
-    }
-
     fn apply_custom_cursor(&self, cursor: &CustomCursor) {
         self.apply_on_pointer(|pointer, data| {
             let surface = pointer.surface();

winit-web/src/event_loop/mod.rs

@@ -39,8 +39,32 @@ impl EventLoop {
         EVENT_LOOP_CREATED.store(false, Ordering::Relaxed);
     }
 
-    pub fn register_app<A: ApplicationHandler + 'static>(self, app: A) {
-        self.elw.run(Box::new(app));
+    pub fn run_app<A: ApplicationHandler>(self, app: A) -> ! {
+        let app = Box::new(app);
+
+        // SAFETY: The `transmute` is necessary because `run()` requires `'static`. This is safe
+        // because this function will never return and all resources not cleaned up by the point we
+        // `throw` will leak, making this actually `'static`.
+        let app = unsafe {
+            std::mem::transmute::<
+                Box<dyn ApplicationHandler + '_>,
+                Box<dyn ApplicationHandler + 'static>,
+            >(app)
+        };
+
+        self.elw.run(app, false);
+
+        // Throw an exception to break out of Rust execution and use unreachable to tell the
+        // compiler this function won't return, giving it a return type of '!'
+        backend::throw(
+            "Using exceptions for control flow, don't mind me. This isn't actually an error!",
+        );
+
+        unreachable!();
+    }
+
+    pub fn spawn_app<A: ApplicationHandler + 'static>(self, app: A) {
+        self.elw.run(Box::new(app), true);
     }
 
     pub fn window_target(&self) -> &dyn RootActiveEventLoop {

winit-web/src/event_loop/runner.rs

@@ -48,6 +48,7 @@ struct Execution {
     exit: Cell<bool>,
     runner: RefCell<RunnerEnum>,
     suspended: Cell<bool>,
+    event_loop_recreation: Cell<bool>,
     events: RefCell<VecDeque<Event>>,
     id: Cell<usize>,
     window: web_sys::Window,
@@ -194,6 +195,7 @@ impl Shared {
                 exit: Cell::new(false),
                 runner: RefCell::new(RunnerEnum::Pending),
                 suspended: Cell::new(false),
+                event_loop_recreation: Cell::new(false),
                 events: RefCell::new(VecDeque::new()),
                 window,
                 navigator,
@@ -770,7 +772,9 @@ impl Shared {
         // * For each undropped `Window`:
         //     * The `register_redraw_request` closure.
         //     * The `destroy_fn` closure.
-        EventLoop::allow_event_loop_recreation();
+        if self.0.event_loop_recreation.get() {
+            EventLoop::allow_event_loop_recreation();
+        }
     }
 
     // Check if the event loop is currently closed
@@ -805,6 +809,10 @@ impl Shared {
         }
     }
 
+    pub fn event_loop_recreation(&self, allow: bool) {
+        self.0.event_loop_recreation.set(allow)
+    }
+
     pub(crate) fn control_flow(&self) -> ControlFlow {
         self.0.control_flow.get()
     }

winit-web/src/event_loop/window_target.rs

@@ -56,7 +56,8 @@ impl ActiveEventLoop {
         Self { runner: runner::Shared::new(), modifiers: ModifiersShared::default() }
     }
 
-    pub(crate) fn run(&self, app: Box<dyn ApplicationHandler>) {
+    pub(crate) fn run(&self, app: Box<dyn ApplicationHandler>, event_loop_recreation: bool) {
+        self.runner.event_loop_recreation(event_loop_recreation);
         self.runner.start(app, self.clone());
     }
 

winit-web/src/lib.rs

@@ -85,6 +85,7 @@ use std::task::{Context, Poll};
 use ::web_sys::HtmlCanvasElement;
 #[cfg(feature = "serde")]
 use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
+use winit_core::application::ApplicationHandler;
 use winit_core::cursor::{CustomCursor, CustomCursorSource};
 use winit_core::error::NotSupportedError;
 use winit_core::event_loop::ActiveEventLoop;
@@ -236,6 +237,30 @@ impl Default for WindowAttributesWeb {
 
 /// Additional methods on `EventLoop` that are specific to the Web.
 pub trait EventLoopExtWeb {
+    /// Initializes the winit event loop.
+    ///
+    /// Unlike
+    #[cfg_attr(target_feature = "exception-handling", doc = "`run_app()`")]
+    #[cfg_attr(
+        not(target_feature = "exception-handling"),
+        doc = "[`run_app()`]"
+    )]
+    /// [^1], this returns immediately, and doesn't throw an exception in order to
+    /// satisfy its [`!`] return type.
+    ///
+    /// Once the event loop has been destroyed, it's possible to reinitialize another event loop
+    /// by calling this function again. This can be useful if you want to recreate the event loop
+    /// while the WebAssembly module is still loaded. For example, this can be used to recreate the
+    /// event loop when switching between tabs on a single page application.
+    #[rustfmt::skip]
+    ///
+    #[cfg_attr(
+        not(target_feature = "exception-handling"),
+        doc = "[`run_app()`]: EventLoop::run_app()"
+    )]
+    /// [^1]: `run_app()` is _not_ available on Wasm when the target supports `exception-handling`.
+    fn spawn_app<A: ApplicationHandler + 'static>(self, app: A);
+
     /// Sets the strategy for [`ControlFlow::Poll`].
     ///
     /// See [`PollStrategy`].

winit-web/src/web_sys/mod.rs

@@ -25,6 +25,10 @@ pub use self::resize_scaling::ResizeScaleHandle;
 pub use self::safe_area::SafeAreaHandle;
 pub use self::schedule::Schedule;
 
+pub fn throw(msg: &str) {
+    wasm_bindgen::throw_str(msg);
+}
+
 pub struct PageTransitionEventHandle {
     _show_listener: event_handle::EventListenerHandle<dyn FnMut(PageTransitionEvent)>,
     _hide_listener: event_handle::EventListenerHandle<dyn FnMut(PageTransitionEvent)>,

winit-win32/src/dark_mode.rs

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ use std::sync::LazyLock;
 /// which is inspired by the solution in https://github.com/ysc3839/win32-darkmode
 use std::{ffi::c_void, ptr};
 
-use windows_sys::Win32::Foundation::{HWND, LPARAM, S_OK, WPARAM};
+use windows_sys::Win32::Foundation::{BOOL, HWND, LPARAM, S_OK, WPARAM};
 use windows_sys::Win32::System::LibraryLoader::{GetProcAddress, LoadLibraryA};
 use windows_sys::Win32::UI::Accessibility::{HCF_HIGHCONTRASTON, HIGHCONTRASTA};
 use windows_sys::Win32::UI::Controls::SetWindowTheme;
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ use windows_sys::Win32::UI::Input::KeyboardAndMouse::GetActiveWindow;
 use windows_sys::Win32::UI::WindowsAndMessaging::{
     DefWindowProcW, SPI_GETHIGHCONTRAST, SystemParametersInfoA, WM_NCACTIVATE,
 };
-use windows_sys::core::{BOOL, PCSTR, PCWSTR};
+use windows_sys::core::{PCSTR, PCWSTR};
 use windows_sys::w;
 use winit_core::window::Theme;
 

winit-win32/src/definitions.rs

@@ -3,9 +3,9 @@
 
 use std::ffi::c_void;
 
-use windows_sys::Win32::Foundation::{HWND, POINTL};
+use windows_sys::Win32::Foundation::{BOOL, HWND, POINTL};
 use windows_sys::Win32::System::Com::{FORMATETC, STGMEDIUM};
-use windows_sys::core::{BOOL, GUID, HRESULT};
+use windows_sys::core::{GUID, HRESULT};
 
 pub type IUnknown = *mut c_void;
 pub type IAdviseSink = *mut c_void;

winit-win32/src/event_loop.rs

@@ -247,6 +247,10 @@ impl EventLoop {
         ActiveEventLoop::from_ref(&self.runner)
     }
 
+    pub fn run_app<A: ApplicationHandler>(mut self, app: A) -> Result<(), EventLoopError> {
+        self.run_app_on_demand(app)
+    }
+
     pub fn run_app_on_demand<A: ApplicationHandler>(
         &mut self,
         mut app: A,
@@ -528,11 +532,9 @@ fn main_thread_id() -> u32 {
     //
     // See: https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/reference/abi.html#the-link_section-attribute
     #[unsafe(link_section = ".CRT$XCU")]
-    static INIT_MAIN_THREAD_ID: unsafe extern "C" fn() = {
-        unsafe extern "C" fn initer() {
-            unsafe {
-                MAIN_THREAD_ID = GetCurrentThreadId();
-            }
+    static INIT_MAIN_THREAD_ID: unsafe fn() = {
+        unsafe fn initer() {
+            unsafe { MAIN_THREAD_ID = GetCurrentThreadId() };
         }
         initer
     };
@@ -1503,9 +1505,9 @@ unsafe fn public_window_callback_inner(
         },
 
         WM_IME_SETCONTEXT => {
-            // IME UI visibility flags are in lparam.
-            let lparam = lparam & !(ISC_SHOWUICOMPOSITIONWINDOW as isize);
-            result = ProcResult::Value(unsafe { DefWindowProcW(window, msg, wparam, lparam) });
+            // Hide composing text drawn by IME.
+            let wparam = wparam & (!ISC_SHOWUICOMPOSITIONWINDOW as usize);
+            result = ProcResult::DefWindowProc(wparam);
         },
 
         // this is necessary for us to maintain minimize/restore state

winit-win32/src/monitor.rs

@@ -4,14 +4,13 @@ use std::num::{NonZeroU16, NonZeroU32};
 use std::{io, iter, mem, ptr};
 
 use dpi::{PhysicalPosition, PhysicalSize};
-use windows_sys::Win32::Foundation::{HWND, LPARAM, POINT, RECT};
+use windows_sys::Win32::Foundation::{BOOL, HWND, LPARAM, POINT, RECT};
 use windows_sys::Win32::Graphics::Gdi::{
     DEVMODEW, DM_BITSPERPEL, DM_DISPLAYFREQUENCY, DM_PELSHEIGHT, DM_PELSWIDTH,
     ENUM_CURRENT_SETTINGS, EnumDisplayMonitors, EnumDisplaySettingsExW, GetMonitorInfoW, HDC,
     HMONITOR, MONITOR_DEFAULTTONEAREST, MONITOR_DEFAULTTOPRIMARY, MONITORINFO, MONITORINFOEXW,
     MonitorFromPoint, MonitorFromWindow,
 };
-use windows_sys::core::BOOL;
 use winit_core::monitor::{MonitorHandleProvider, VideoMode};
 
 use super::util::decode_wide;

winit-win32/src/util.rs

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ use std::sync::LazyLock;
 use std::sync::atomic::{AtomicBool, Ordering};
 use std::{io, mem, ptr};
 
-use windows_sys::Win32::Foundation::{HANDLE, HMODULE, HWND, NTSTATUS, POINT, RECT};
+use windows_sys::Win32::Foundation::{BOOL, HANDLE, HMODULE, HWND, NTSTATUS, POINT, RECT};
 use windows_sys::Win32::Graphics::Gdi::{ClientToScreen, HMONITOR};
 use windows_sys::Win32::System::LibraryLoader::{GetProcAddress, LoadLibraryA};
 use windows_sys::Win32::System::SystemInformation::OSVERSIONINFOW;
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ use windows_sys::Win32::UI::WindowsAndMessaging::{
     SM_CXVIRTUALSCREEN, SM_CYVIRTUALSCREEN, SM_XVIRTUALSCREEN, SM_YVIRTUALSCREEN, SW_MAXIMIZE,
     ShowCursor, WINDOW_LONG_PTR_INDEX, WINDOWPLACEMENT,
 };
-use windows_sys::core::{BOOL, HRESULT, PCWSTR};
+use windows_sys::core::{HRESULT, PCWSTR};
 use winit_core::cursor::CursorIcon;
 use winit_core::event::DeviceId;
 

winit-x11/src/event_loop.rs

@@ -427,6 +427,10 @@ impl EventLoop {
         &self.event_processor.target
     }
 
+    pub fn run_app<A: ApplicationHandler>(mut self, app: A) -> Result<(), EventLoopError> {
+        self.run_app_on_demand(app)
+    }
+
     pub fn run_app_on_demand<A: ApplicationHandler>(
         &mut self,
         mut app: A,

winit-x11/src/ime/inner.rs

@@ -50,13 +50,8 @@ impl ImeInner {
     }
 
     pub unsafe fn close_im_if_necessary(&self) -> Result<bool, XError> {
-        if !self.is_destroyed {
-            if let Some(im) = &self.im {
-                unsafe { close_im(&self.xconn, im.im) }?;
-                Ok(true)
-            } else {
-                Ok(false)
-            }
+        if !self.is_destroyed && self.im.is_some() {
+            unsafe { close_im(&self.xconn, self.im.as_ref().unwrap().im) }.map(|_| true)
         } else {
             Ok(false)
         }

winit-x11/src/util/keys.rs

@@ -60,18 +60,16 @@ impl Iterator for KeymapIter<'_> {
 
 impl XConnection {
     pub fn query_keymap(&self) -> Keymap {
-        let keys = self
-            .xcb_connection()
-            .query_keymap()
-            .expect("Failed to query keymap")
-            .reply()
-            .expect("Missing reply")
-            .keys;
+        let mut keys = [0; 32];
+
+        unsafe {
+            (self.xlib.XQueryKeymap)(self.display, keys.as_mut_ptr() as *mut c_char);
+        }
 
         Keymap { keys }
     }
 }
 
 fn first_bit(b: u8) -> u8 {
-    b & b.wrapping_neg()
+    1 << b.trailing_zeros()
 }

winit-x11/src/window.rs

@@ -26,9 +26,10 @@ use winit_core::window::{
 };
 use x11rb::connection::{Connection, RequestConnection};
 use x11rb::properties::{WmHints, WmSizeHints, WmSizeHintsSpecification};
-use x11rb::protocol::shape::{ConnectionExt as ShapeExt, SK, SO};
+use x11rb::protocol::shape::SK;
 use x11rb::protocol::sync::{ConnectionExt as _, Int64};
-use x11rb::protocol::xproto::{self, ClipOrdering, ConnectionExt as _, Rectangle};
+use x11rb::protocol::xfixes::{ConnectionExt, RegionWrapper};
+use x11rb::protocol::xproto::{self, ConnectionExt as _, Rectangle};
 use x11rb::protocol::{randr, xinput};
 
 use crate::atoms::*;
@@ -1966,15 +1967,6 @@ impl UnownedWindow {
 
     #[inline]
     pub fn set_cursor_hittest(&self, hittest: bool) -> Result<(), RequestError> {
-        // Implement cursor hittest for X11 by either setting an empty or full window input shape.
-
-        // In X11, every window has two "shapes":
-        //   * Bounding shape: defines the visible outline of the window.
-        //   * Input shape: defines the region of the window that receives pointer/keyboard events.
-        // If the input shape is the full window rectangle, the window behaves normally.
-        // If the input shape is empty, the window is completely click‑through.
-        // Here, we implement hit test by mapping `hittest = true` to "restore a full input shape"
-        // and `hittest = false` to "clear the input shape" (empty list of rectangles).
         let mut rectangles: Vec<Rectangle> = Vec::new();
         if hittest {
             let size = self.surface_size();
@@ -1985,17 +1977,11 @@ impl UnownedWindow {
                 height: size.height as u16,
             })
         }
+        let region = RegionWrapper::create_region(self.xconn.xcb_connection(), &rectangles)
+            .map_err(|_e| RequestError::Ignored)?;
         self.xconn
             .xcb_connection()
-            .shape_rectangles(
-                SO::SET,
-                SK::INPUT,
-                ClipOrdering::UNSORTED,
-                self.xwindow,
-                0,
-                0,
-                &rectangles,
-            )
+            .xfixes_set_window_shape_region(self.xwindow, SK::INPUT, 0, 0, region.region())
             .map_err(|_e| RequestError::Ignored)?;
         self.shared_state_lock().cursor_hittest = Some(hittest);
         Ok(())

winit-x11/src/xdisplay.rs

@@ -250,7 +250,9 @@ impl XConnection {
         // Store the timestamp in the slot if it's greater than the last one.
         let mut last_timestamp = self.timestamp.load(Ordering::Relaxed);
         loop {
-            if (timestamp as i32).wrapping_sub(last_timestamp as i32) <= 0 {
+            let wrapping_sub = |a: xproto::Timestamp, b: xproto::Timestamp| (a as i32) - (b as i32);
+
+            if wrapping_sub(timestamp, last_timestamp) <= 0 {
                 break;
             }
 

winit/Cargo.toml

@@ -76,10 +76,12 @@ winit-core.workspace = true
 
 [dev-dependencies]
 image = { workspace = true, features = ["png"] }
-softbuffer.workspace = true
 tracing = { workspace = true, features = ["log"] }
 tracing-subscriber = { workspace = true, features = ["env-filter"] }
 
+[target.'cfg(not(target_os = "android"))'.dev-dependencies]
+softbuffer.workspace = true
+
 [target.'cfg(target_os = "android")'.dependencies]
 winit-android.workspace = true
 

winit/examples/application.rs

@@ -7,18 +7,21 @@ use std::borrow::Cow;
 use std::collections::HashMap;
 use std::error::Error;
 use std::fmt::Debug;
+#[cfg(not(android_platform))]
 use std::num::NonZeroU32;
 use std::sync::Arc;
 use std::sync::mpsc::{self, Receiver, Sender};
-#[cfg(not(web_platform))]
+#[cfg(all(not(android_platform), not(web_platform)))]
 use std::time::Instant;
 use std::{fmt, mem};
 
 use cursor_icon::CursorIcon;
+#[cfg(not(android_platform))]
 use rwh_06::{DisplayHandle, HasDisplayHandle};
+#[cfg(not(android_platform))]
 use softbuffer::{Context, Surface};
 use tracing::{error, info};
-#[cfg(web_platform)]
+#[cfg(all(web_platform, not(android_platform)))]
 use web_time::Instant;
 use winit::application::ApplicationHandler;
 use winit::cursor::{Cursor, CustomCursor, CustomCursorSource};
@@ -94,12 +97,14 @@ struct Application {
     /// Drawing context.
     ///
     /// With OpenGL it could be EGLDisplay.
+    #[cfg(not(android_platform))]
     context: Option<Context<DisplayHandle<'static>>>,
 }
 
 impl Application {
     fn new(event_loop: &EventLoop, receiver: Receiver<Action>, sender: Sender<Action>) -> Self {
         // SAFETY: we drop the context right before the event loop is stopped, thus making it safe.
+        #[cfg(not(android_platform))]
         let context = Some(
             Context::new(unsafe {
                 std::mem::transmute::<DisplayHandle<'_>, DisplayHandle<'static>>(
@@ -125,7 +130,15 @@ impl Application {
         .into_iter()
         .collect();
 
-        Self { receiver, sender, context, custom_cursors, icon, windows: Default::default() }
+        Self {
+            receiver,
+            sender,
+            #[cfg(not(android_platform))]
+            context,
+            custom_cursors,
+            icon,
+            windows: Default::default(),
+        }
     }
 
     fn create_window(
@@ -238,12 +251,6 @@ impl Application {
             Action::ToggleSimpleFullscreen => {
                 window.window.set_simple_fullscreen(!window.window.simple_fullscreen());
             },
-            #[cfg(macos_platform)]
-            Action::ToggleBorderlessGame => {
-                let current = window.window.is_borderless_game();
-                window.window.set_borderless_game(!current);
-                info!("Borderless game: {}", !current);
-            },
             Action::ToggleMaximize => window.toggle_maximize(),
             Action::Minimize => window.minimize(),
             Action::NextCursor => window.next_cursor(),
@@ -607,6 +614,7 @@ struct WindowState {
     /// Render surface.
     ///
     /// NOTE: This surface must be dropped before the `Window`.
+    #[cfg(not(android_platform))]
     surface: Surface<DisplayHandle<'static>, Arc<dyn Window>>,
     /// The actual winit Window.
     window: Arc<dyn Window>,
@@ -615,6 +623,7 @@ struct WindowState {
     /// Fill the window with animated color
     animated_fill_color: bool,
     /// The application start time. Used for color fill animation
+    #[cfg(not(android_platform))]
     start_time: Instant,
     /// Redraw continuously
     continuous_redraw: bool,
@@ -650,6 +659,7 @@ impl WindowState {
 
         // SAFETY: the surface is dropped before the `window` which provided it with handle, thus
         // it doesn't outlive it.
+        #[cfg(not(android_platform))]
         let surface = Surface::new(app.context.as_ref().unwrap(), Arc::clone(&window))?;
 
         let theme = window.theme().unwrap_or(Theme::Dark);
@@ -664,12 +674,14 @@ impl WindowState {
             custom_idx: app.custom_cursors.as_ref().map(Vec::len).unwrap_or(1) - 1,
             cursor_grab: CursorGrabMode::None,
             named_idx,
+            #[cfg(not(android_platform))]
             surface,
             window,
             theme,
             animated_fill_color: false,
             continuous_redraw: false,
             emit_surface_size: false,
+            #[cfg(not(android_platform))]
             start_time: Instant::now(),
             cursor_position: Default::default(),
             cursor_hidden: Default::default(),
@@ -841,12 +853,15 @@ impl WindowState {
     /// Resize the surface to the new size.
     fn resize(&mut self, size: PhysicalSize<u32>) {
         info!("Surface resized to {size:?}");
-        let (width, height) = match (NonZeroU32::new(size.width), NonZeroU32::new(size.height)) {
-            (Some(width), Some(height)) => (width, height),
-            _ => return,
-        };
-        self.surface.resize(width, height).expect("failed to resize inner buffer");
-
+        #[cfg(not(android_platform))]
+        {
+            let (width, height) = match (NonZeroU32::new(size.width), NonZeroU32::new(size.height))
+            {
+                (Some(width), Some(height)) => (width, height),
+                _ => return,
+            };
+            self.surface.resize(width, height).expect("failed to resize inner buffer");
+        }
         self.window.request_redraw();
     }
 
@@ -931,6 +946,7 @@ impl WindowState {
     }
 
     /// Draw the window contents.
+    #[cfg(not(android_platform))]
     fn draw(&mut self) -> Result<(), Box<dyn Error>> {
         if self.occluded {
             info!("Skipping drawing occluded window={:?}", self.window.id());
@@ -976,6 +992,12 @@ impl WindowState {
 
         Ok(())
     }
+
+    #[cfg(android_platform)]
+    fn draw(&mut self) -> Result<(), Box<dyn Error>> {
+        info!("Drawing but without rendering...");
+        Ok(())
+    }
 }
 
 struct Binding<T: Eq> {
@@ -1005,8 +1027,6 @@ enum Action {
     ToggleFullscreen,
     #[cfg(macos_platform)]
     ToggleSimpleFullscreen,
-    #[cfg(macos_platform)]
-    ToggleBorderlessGame,
     ToggleMaximize,
     Minimize,
     NextCursor,
@@ -1044,8 +1064,6 @@ impl Action {
             Action::ToggleFullscreen => "Toggle fullscreen",
             #[cfg(macos_platform)]
             Action::ToggleSimpleFullscreen => "Toggle simple fullscreen",
-            #[cfg(macos_platform)]
-            Action::ToggleBorderlessGame => "Toggle borderless game mode",
             Action::ToggleMaximize => "Maximize",
             Action::Minimize => "Minimize",
             Action::ToggleResizeIncrements => "Use resize increments when resizing window",
@@ -1297,8 +1315,6 @@ const KEY_BINDINGS: &[Binding<&'static str>] = &[
     Binding::new("T", ModifiersState::META, Action::CreateNewTab),
     #[cfg(macos_platform)]
     Binding::new("O", ModifiersState::CONTROL, Action::CycleOptionAsAlt),
-    #[cfg(macos_platform)]
-    Binding::new("B", ModifiersState::CONTROL, Action::ToggleBorderlessGame),
     Binding::new("S", ModifiersState::ALT, Action::EmitSurfaceSize),
     Binding::new("S", ModifiersState::CONTROL, Action::Message),
 ];

winit/examples/run_on_demand.rs

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 #![allow(clippy::single_match)]
 
 // Limit this example to only compatible platforms.
-#[cfg(any(windows_platform, macos_platform, x11_platform, wayland_platform, orbital_platform))]
+#[cfg(any(windows_platform, macos_platform, x11_platform, wayland_platform,))]
 fn main() -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
     use std::time::Duration;
 
@@ -93,13 +93,7 @@ fn main() -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
     Ok(())
 }
 
-#[cfg(not(any(
-    windows_platform,
-    macos_platform,
-    x11_platform,
-    wayland_platform,
-    orbital_platform
-)))]
+#[cfg(not(any(windows_platform, macos_platform, x11_platform, wayland_platform,)))]
 fn main() {
     println!("This example is not supported on this platform");
 }

winit/examples/util/fill.rs

@@ -7,109 +7,150 @@
 //! The `softbuffer` crate is used, largely because of its ease of use. `glutin` or `wgpu` could
 //! also be used to fill the window buffer, but they are more complicated to use.
 
-use std::cell::RefCell;
-use std::collections::HashMap;
-use std::mem;
-use std::mem::ManuallyDrop;
-use std::num::NonZeroU32;
-#[cfg(not(web_platform))]
-use std::time::Instant;
+#[allow(unused_imports)]
+pub use platform::cleanup_window;
+#[allow(unused_imports)]
+pub use platform::fill_window;
+#[allow(unused_imports)]
+pub use platform::fill_window_with_animated_color;
+#[allow(unused_imports)]
+pub use platform::fill_window_with_color;
 
-use softbuffer::{Context, Surface};
-#[cfg(web_platform)]
-use web_time::Instant;
-use winit::window::{Window, WindowId};
+#[cfg(not(any(target_os = "android", target_os = "ios")))]
+mod platform {
+    use std::cell::RefCell;
+    use std::collections::HashMap;
+    use std::mem;
+    use std::mem::ManuallyDrop;
+    use std::num::NonZeroU32;
+    #[cfg(all(not(android_platform), not(web_platform)))]
+    use std::time::Instant;
 
-thread_local! {
-    // NOTE: You should never do things like that, create context and drop it before
-    // you drop the event loop. We do this for brevity to not blow up examples. We use
-    // ManuallyDrop to prevent destructors from running.
-    //
-    // A static, thread-local map of graphics contexts to open windows.
-    static GC: ManuallyDrop<RefCell<Option<GraphicsContext>>> = const { ManuallyDrop::new(RefCell::new(None)) };
-}
+    use softbuffer::{Context, Surface};
+    #[cfg(all(web_platform, not(android_platform)))]
+    use web_time::Instant;
+    use winit::window::{Window, WindowId};
 
-/// The graphics context used to draw to a window.
-struct GraphicsContext {
-    /// The global softbuffer context.
-    context: RefCell<Context<&'static dyn Window>>,
+    thread_local! {
+        // NOTE: You should never do things like that, create context and drop it before
+        // you drop the event loop. We do this for brevity to not blow up examples. We use
+        // ManuallyDrop to prevent destructors from running.
+        //
+        // A static, thread-local map of graphics contexts to open windows.
+        static GC: ManuallyDrop<RefCell<Option<GraphicsContext>>> = const { ManuallyDrop::new(RefCell::new(None)) };
+    }
 
-    /// The hash map of window IDs to surfaces.
-    surfaces: HashMap<WindowId, Surface<&'static dyn Window, &'static dyn Window>>,
-}
+    /// The graphics context used to draw to a window.
+    struct GraphicsContext {
+        /// The global softbuffer context.
+        context: RefCell<Context<&'static dyn Window>>,
 
-impl GraphicsContext {
-    fn new(w: &dyn Window) -> Self {
-        Self {
-            context: RefCell::new(
-                Context::new(unsafe { mem::transmute::<&'_ dyn Window, &'static dyn Window>(w) })
+        /// The hash map of window IDs to surfaces.
+        surfaces: HashMap<WindowId, Surface<&'static dyn Window, &'static dyn Window>>,
+    }
+
+    impl GraphicsContext {
+        fn new(w: &dyn Window) -> Self {
+            Self {
+                context: RefCell::new(
+                    Context::new(unsafe {
+                        mem::transmute::<&'_ dyn Window, &'static dyn Window>(w)
+                    })
                     .expect("Failed to create a softbuffer context"),
-            ),
-            surfaces: HashMap::new(),
+                ),
+                surfaces: HashMap::new(),
+            }
+        }
+
+        fn create_surface(
+            &mut self,
+            window: &dyn Window,
+        ) -> &mut Surface<&'static dyn Window, &'static dyn Window> {
+            self.surfaces.entry(window.id()).or_insert_with(|| {
+                Surface::new(&self.context.borrow(), unsafe {
+                    mem::transmute::<&'_ dyn Window, &'static dyn Window>(window)
+                })
+                .expect("Failed to create a softbuffer surface")
+            })
+        }
+
+        fn destroy_surface(&mut self, window: &dyn Window) {
+            self.surfaces.remove(&window.id());
         }
     }
 
-    fn create_surface(
-        &mut self,
-        window: &dyn Window,
-    ) -> &mut Surface<&'static dyn Window, &'static dyn Window> {
-        self.surfaces.entry(window.id()).or_insert_with(|| {
-            Surface::new(&self.context.borrow(), unsafe {
-                mem::transmute::<&'_ dyn Window, &'static dyn Window>(window)
-            })
-            .expect("Failed to create a softbuffer surface")
+    pub fn fill_window_with_color(window: &dyn Window, color: u32) {
+        GC.with(|gc| {
+            let size = window.surface_size();
+            let (Some(width), Some(height)) =
+                (NonZeroU32::new(size.width), NonZeroU32::new(size.height))
+            else {
+                return;
+            };
+
+            // Either get the last context used or create a new one.
+            let mut gc = gc.borrow_mut();
+            let surface =
+                gc.get_or_insert_with(|| GraphicsContext::new(window)).create_surface(window);
+
+            // Fill a buffer with a solid color
+
+            surface.resize(width, height).expect("Failed to resize the softbuffer surface");
+
+            let mut buffer = surface.buffer_mut().expect("Failed to get the softbuffer buffer");
+            buffer.fill(color);
+            buffer.present().expect("Failed to present the softbuffer buffer");
         })
     }
 
-    fn destroy_surface(&mut self, window: &dyn Window) {
-        self.surfaces.remove(&window.id());
+    #[allow(dead_code)]
+    pub fn fill_window(window: &dyn Window) {
+        fill_window_with_color(window, 0xff181818);
+    }
+
+    #[allow(dead_code)]
+    pub fn fill_window_with_animated_color(window: &dyn Window, start: Instant) {
+        let time = start.elapsed().as_secs_f32() * 1.5;
+        let blue = (time.sin() * 255.0) as u32;
+        let green = ((time.cos() * 255.0) as u32) << 8;
+        let red = ((1.0 - time.sin() * 255.0) as u32) << 16;
+        let color = red | green | blue;
+        fill_window_with_color(window, color);
+    }
+
+    #[allow(dead_code)]
+    pub fn cleanup_window(window: &dyn Window) {
+        GC.with(|gc| {
+            let mut gc = gc.borrow_mut();
+            if let Some(context) = gc.as_mut() {
+                context.destroy_surface(window);
+            }
+        });
     }
 }
 
-pub fn fill_window_with_color(window: &dyn Window, color: u32) {
-    GC.with(|gc| {
-        let size = window.surface_size();
-        let (Some(width), Some(height)) =
-            (NonZeroU32::new(size.width), NonZeroU32::new(size.height))
-        else {
-            return;
-        };
+#[cfg(any(target_os = "android", target_os = "ios"))]
+mod platform {
+    #[allow(dead_code)]
+    pub fn fill_window(_window: &dyn winit::window::Window) {
+        // No-op on mobile platforms.
+    }
 
-        // Either get the last context used or create a new one.
-        let mut gc = gc.borrow_mut();
-        let surface = gc.get_or_insert_with(|| GraphicsContext::new(window)).create_surface(window);
+    #[allow(dead_code)]
+    pub fn fill_window_with_color(_window: &dyn winit::window::Window, _color: u32) {
+        // No-op on mobile platforms.
+    }
 
-        // Fill a buffer with a solid color
+    #[allow(dead_code)]
+    pub fn fill_window_with_animated_color(
+        _window: &dyn winit::window::Window,
+        _start: std::time::Instant,
+    ) {
+        // No-op on mobile platforms.
+    }
 
-        surface.resize(width, height).expect("Failed to resize the softbuffer surface");
-
-        let mut buffer = surface.buffer_mut().expect("Failed to get the softbuffer buffer");
-        buffer.fill(color);
-        buffer.present().expect("Failed to present the softbuffer buffer");
-    })
-}
-
-#[allow(dead_code)]
-pub fn fill_window(window: &dyn Window) {
-    fill_window_with_color(window, 0xff181818);
-}
-
-#[allow(dead_code)]
-pub fn fill_window_with_animated_color(window: &dyn Window, start: Instant) {
-    let time = start.elapsed().as_secs_f32() * 1.5;
-    let blue = (time.sin() * 255.0) as u32;
-    let green = ((time.cos() * 255.0) as u32) << 8;
-    let red = ((1.0 - time.sin() * 255.0) as u32) << 16;
-    let color = red | green | blue;
-    fill_window_with_color(window, color);
-}
-
-#[allow(dead_code)]
-pub fn cleanup_window(window: &dyn Window) {
-    GC.with(|gc| {
-        let mut gc = gc.borrow_mut();
-        if let Some(context) = gc.as_mut() {
-            context.destroy_surface(window);
-        }
-    });
+    #[allow(dead_code)]
+    pub fn cleanup_window(_window: &dyn winit::window::Window) {
+        // No-op on mobile platforms.
+    }
 }

winit/examples/window.rs

@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 //! Simple winit window example.
 
 use std::error::Error;
-use std::time::Instant;
 
 use winit::application::ApplicationHandler;
 use winit::event::WindowEvent;
@@ -37,14 +36,8 @@ impl ApplicationHandler for App {
         }
     }
 
-    fn window_event(
-        &mut self,
-        event_loop: &dyn ActiveEventLoop,
-        _: WindowId,
-        timestamp: Instant,
-        event: WindowEvent,
-    ) {
-        ::tracing::info!("{:?}: {event:?}", timestamp.elapsed());
+    fn window_event(&mut self, event_loop: &dyn ActiveEventLoop, _: WindowId, event: WindowEvent) {
+        println!("{event:?}");
         match event {
             WindowEvent::CloseRequested => {
                 println!("Close was requested; stopping");
@@ -69,21 +62,11 @@ impl ApplicationHandler for App {
                 fill::fill_window(window.as_ref());
 
                 // For contiguous redraw loop you can request a redraw from here.
-                window.request_redraw();
+                // window.request_redraw();
             },
             _ => (),
         }
     }
-
-    fn device_event(
-        &mut self,
-        _event_loop: &dyn ActiveEventLoop,
-        _device_id: Option<winit::event::DeviceId>,
-        timestamp: Instant,
-        event: winit::event::DeviceEvent,
-    ) {
-        ::tracing::info!("{:?}: {event:?}", timestamp.elapsed());
-    }
 }
 
 fn main() -> Result<(), Box<dyn Error>> {

winit/src/changelog/unreleased.md

@@ -39,22 +39,3 @@ The migration guide could reference other migration examples in the current
 changelog entry.
 
 ## Unreleased
-
-### Added
-
-- Add `keyboard` support for OpenHarmony.
-- On iOS, add Apple Pencil support with force, altitude, and azimuth data.
-- On Redox, add support for missing keyboard scancodes.
-- Implement `Send` and `Sync` for `OwnedDisplayHandle`.
-
-### Changed
-
-- Updated `windows-sys` to `v0.61`.
-- On older macOS versions (tested up to 12.7.6), applications now receive mouse movement events for unfocused windows, matching the behavior on other platforms.
-
-### Fixed
-
-- On Redox, handle `EINTR` when reading from `event_socket` instead of panicking.
-- On Wayland, switch from using the `ahash` hashing algorithm to `foldhash`.
-- On macOS, fix borderless game presentation options not sticking after switching spaces.
-- On macOS, fix IME being locked on (regardless of requests to disable) after being enabled once.

winit/src/changelog/v0.30.md

@@ -1,18 +1,3 @@
-## 0.30.13
-
-### Added
-
-- On Wayland, add `Window::set_resize_increments`.
-
-### Fixed
-
-- On macOS, fixed crash when dragging non-file content onto window.
-- On X11, fix `set_hittest` not working on some window managers.
-- On X11, fix debug mode overflow panic in `set_timestamp`.
-- On macOS, fix crash in `set_marked_text` when native Pinyin IME sends out-of-bounds `selected_range`.
-- On Windows, fix `WM_IME_SETCONTEXT` IME UI flag masking on `lParam`.
-- On Android, populate `KeyEvent::text` and `KeyEvent::text_with_all_modifiers` via `Key::to_text()`
-
 ## 0.30.12
 
 ### Fixed

winit/src/changelog/v0.31.md

@@ -1,20 +1,3 @@
-## 0.31.0-beta.2
-
-### Added
-
-- Add `EventLoopExtRegister::register_app` for being explicit about how the event loop runs on Web.
-- Add `EventLoopExtNeverReturn::run_app_never_return` for being explicit about how the event loop runs on iOS.
-
-### Changed
-
-- On Web, avoid throwing an exception in `EventLoop::run_app`, instead preferring to return to the caller.
-  This requires passing a `'static` application to ensure that the application state will live as long as necessary.
-- On Web, the event loop can now always be re-created once it has finished running.
-
-### Fixed
-
-- Fixed panic when calling `Window::set_ime_allowed`.
-
 ## 0.31.0-beta.1
 
 ### Added
@@ -249,3 +232,4 @@
 - On Web, device events are emitted regardless of cursor type.
 - On Wayland, `axis_value120` scroll events now generate `MouseScrollDelta::LineDelta`
 - On X11, mouse scroll button events no longer cause duplicated `WindowEvent::MouseWheel` events.
+- On macOS, fixed crash when dragging non-file content onto window.

winit/src/event_loop.rs

@@ -118,7 +118,7 @@ impl EventLoop {
         EventLoopBuilder { platform_specific: Default::default() }
     }
 
-    /// Run the event loop with the given application on the calling thread.
+    /// Run the application with the event loop on the calling thread.
     ///
     /// The `app` is dropped when the event loop is shut down.
     ///
@@ -173,74 +173,35 @@ impl EventLoop {
     /// [`ControlFlow::WaitUntil`] and life-cycle methods like [`ApplicationHandler::resumed`], but
     /// it should give you an idea of how things fit together.
     ///
-    /// ## Returns
+    /// ## Platform-specific
     ///
-    /// The semantics of this function can be a bit confusing, because the way different platforms
-    /// control their event loop varies significantly.
+    /// - **iOS:** Will never return to the caller and so values not passed to this function will
+    ///   *not* be dropped before the process exits.
+    /// - **Web:** Will _act_ as if it never returns to the caller by throwing a Javascript
+    ///   exception (that Rust doesn't see) that will also mean that the rest of the function is
+    ///   never executed and any values not passed to this function will *not* be dropped.
     ///
-    /// On most platforms (Android, macOS, Orbital, X11, Wayland, Windows), this blocks the caller,
-    /// runs the event loop internally, and then returns once [`ActiveEventLoop::exit`] is called.
-    /// See [`run_app_on_demand`] for more detailed semantics.
+    ///   Web applications are recommended to use
+    #[cfg_attr(
+        web_platform,
+        doc = "  [`EventLoopExtWeb::spawn_app()`][crate::platform::web::EventLoopExtWeb::spawn_app()]"
+    )]
+    #[cfg_attr(not(web_platform), doc = "  `EventLoopExtWeb::spawn_app()`")]
+    ///   [^1] instead of [`run_app()`] to avoid the need for the Javascript exception trick, and to
+    ///   make   it clearer that the event loop runs asynchronously (via the browser's own,
+    ///   internal, event   loop) and doesn't block the current thread of execution like it does
+    ///   on other platforms.
     ///
-    /// On iOS, this will register the application handler, and then call [`UIApplicationMain`]
-    /// (which is the only way to run the system event loop), which never returns to the caller
-    /// (the process instead exits after the handler has been dropped). See also
-    /// [`run_app_never_return`].
+    ///   This function won't be available with `target_feature = "exception-handling"`.
     ///
-    /// On the web, this works by registering the application handler, and then immediately
-    /// returning to the caller. This is necessary because WebAssembly (and JavaScript) is always
-    /// executed in the context of the browser's own (internal) event loop, and thus we need to
-    /// return to avoid blocking that and allow events to later be delivered asynchronously. See
-    /// also [`register_app`].
+    /// [^1]: `spawn_app()` is only available on the Web platform.
     ///
-    /// If you call this function inside `fn main`, you usually do not need to think about these
-    /// details.
-    ///
-    /// [`UIApplicationMain`]: https://developer.apple.com/documentation/uikit/uiapplicationmain(_:_:_:_:)-1yub7?language=objc
-    /// [`run_app_on_demand`]: crate::event_loop::run_on_demand::EventLoopExtRunOnDemand::run_app_on_demand
-    /// [`run_app_never_return`]: crate::event_loop::never_return::EventLoopExtNeverReturn::run_app_never_return
-    /// [`register_app`]: crate::event_loop::register::EventLoopExtRegister::register_app
-    ///
-    /// ## Static
-    ///
-    /// To alleviate the issues noted above, this function requires that you pass in a `'static`
-    /// handler, to ensure that any state your application uses will be alive as long as the
-    /// application is running.
-    ///
-    /// To be clear, you should avoid doing e.g. `event_loop.run_app(&mut app)?`, and prefer
-    /// `event_loop.run_app(app)?` instead.
-    ///
-    /// If this requirement is prohibitive for you, consider using [`run_app_on_demand`] instead
-    /// (though note that this is not available on iOS and web).
+    /// [`set_control_flow()`]: ActiveEventLoop::set_control_flow()
+    /// [`run_app()`]: Self::run_app()
     #[inline]
-    #[allow(unused_mut)]
-    pub fn run_app<A: ApplicationHandler + 'static>(
-        mut self,
-        mut app: A,
-    ) -> Result<(), EventLoopError> {
-        #[cfg(any(
-            windows_platform,
-            macos_platform,
-            android_platform,
-            orbital_platform,
-            x11_platform,
-            wayland_platform,
-        ))]
-        {
-            let result = self.event_loop.run_app_on_demand(&mut app);
-            // SAFETY: unsure that the state is dropped before the exit from the event loop.
-            drop(app);
-            result
-        }
-        #[cfg(web_platform)]
-        {
-            self.event_loop.register_app(app);
-            Ok(())
-        }
-        #[cfg(ios_platform)]
-        {
-            self.event_loop.run_app_never_return(app)
-        }
+    #[cfg(not(all(web_platform, target_feature = "exception-handling")))]
+    pub fn run_app<A: ApplicationHandler>(self, app: A) -> Result<(), EventLoopError> {
+        self.event_loop.run_app(app)
     }
 
     /// Creates an [`EventLoopProxy`] that can be used to dispatch user events
@@ -345,7 +306,6 @@ impl winit_core::event_loop::pump_events::EventLoopExtPumpEvents for EventLoop {
     windows_platform,
     macos_platform,
     android_platform,
-    orbital_platform,
     x11_platform,
     wayland_platform,
     docsrs,
@@ -356,13 +316,6 @@ impl winit_core::event_loop::run_on_demand::EventLoopExtRunOnDemand for EventLoo
     }
 }
 
-#[cfg(any(web_platform, docsrs))]
-impl winit_core::event_loop::register::EventLoopExtRegister for EventLoop {
-    fn register_app<A: ApplicationHandler + 'static>(self, app: A) {
-        self.event_loop.register_app(app)
-    }
-}
-
 #[cfg(android_platform)]
 impl winit_android::EventLoopExtAndroid for EventLoop {
     fn android_app(&self) -> &winit_android::activity::AndroidApp {
@@ -432,6 +385,10 @@ impl winit_wayland::EventLoopBuilderExtWayland for EventLoopBuilder {
 
 #[cfg(web_platform)]
 impl winit_web::EventLoopExtWeb for EventLoop {
+    fn spawn_app<A: ApplicationHandler + 'static>(self, app: A) {
+        self.event_loop.spawn_app(app);
+    }
+
     fn set_poll_strategy(&self, strategy: winit_web::PollStrategy) {
         self.event_loop.set_poll_strategy(strategy);
     }

winit/src/platform_impl/linux/mod.rs

@@ -147,6 +147,10 @@ impl EventLoop {
         }
     }
 
+    pub fn run_app<A: ApplicationHandler>(self, app: A) -> Result<(), EventLoopError> {
+        x11_or_wayland!(match self; EventLoop(evlp) => evlp.run_app(app))
+    }
+
     pub fn run_app_on_demand<A: ApplicationHandler>(
         &mut self,
         app: A,

winit/tests/send_objects.rs

@@ -28,8 +28,3 @@ fn custom_cursor_send() {
     needs_send::<winit::cursor::CustomCursorSource>();
     needs_send::<winit::cursor::CustomCursor>();
 }
-
-#[test]
-fn owned_display_handle_send() {
-    needs_send::<winit::event_loop::OwnedDisplayHandle>();
-}

winit/tests/sync_object.rs

@@ -21,8 +21,3 @@ fn custom_cursor_sync() {
     needs_sync::<winit::cursor::CustomCursorSource>();
     needs_sync::<winit::cursor::CustomCursor>();
 }
-
-#[test]
-fn owned_display_handle_sync() {
-    needs_sync::<winit::event_loop::OwnedDisplayHandle>();
-}