chore: bump the github-actions group across 1 directory with 3 updates

Bumps the github-actions group with 3 updates in the / directory: [actions/cache](https://github.com/actions/cache), [actions/checkout](https://github.com/actions/checkout) and [actions/upload-pages-artifact](https://github.com/actions/upload-pages-artifact).


Updates `actions/cache` from 5 to 6
- [Release notes](https://github.com/actions/cache/releases)
- [Changelog](https://github.com/actions/cache/blob/main/RELEASES.md)
- [Commits](https://github.com/actions/cache/compare/v5...v6)

Updates `actions/checkout` from 6 to 7
- [Release notes](https://github.com/actions/checkout/releases)
- [Changelog](https://github.com/actions/checkout/blob/main/CHANGELOG.md)
- [Commits](https://github.com/actions/checkout/compare/v6...v7)

Updates `actions/upload-pages-artifact` from 4 to 5
- [Release notes](https://github.com/actions/upload-pages-artifact/releases)
- [Commits](https://github.com/actions/upload-pages-artifact/compare/v4...v5)

---
updated-dependencies:
- dependency-name: actions/cache
  dependency-version: '6'
  dependency-type: direct:production
  update-type: version-update:semver-major
  dependency-group: github-actions
- dependency-name: actions/checkout
  dependency-version: '7'
  dependency-type: direct:production
  update-type: version-update:semver-major
  dependency-group: github-actions
- dependency-name: actions/upload-pages-artifact
  dependency-version: '5'
  dependency-type: direct:production
  update-type: version-update:semver-major
  dependency-group: github-actions
...

Signed-off-by: dependabot[bot] <support@github.com>

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/bug_appkit.yml

@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
-name: MacOS bug
+name: macOS bug
 description: Create a macOS-specific bug report
 labels:
   - B - bug
-  - DS - macos
+  - DS - appkit
 body:
   - type: markdown
     attributes:

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/bug_uikit.yml

@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 name: iOS bug
-description: Create an iOS-specific bug report
+description: Create an iOS/UIKit-specific bug report
 labels:
   - B - bug
-  - DS - ios
+  - DS - uikit
 body:
   - type: markdown
     attributes:

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/bug_win32.yml

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ name: Windows bug
 description: Create a Windows-specific bug report
 labels:
   - B - bug
-  - DS - windows
+  - DS - win32
 body:
   - type: markdown
     attributes:

.github/workflows/ci.yml

@@ -124,7 +124,7 @@ jobs:
       # the cache has been downloaded.
       #
       # This could be avoided if we added Cargo.lock to the repository.
-      uses: actions/cache/restore@v4
+      uses: actions/cache/restore@v6
       with:
         # https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/guide/cargo-home.html#caching-the-cargo-home-in-ci
         path: |
@@ -136,7 +136,7 @@ jobs:
 
     - name: Generate lockfile
       # Also updates the crates.io index
-      run: cargo generate-lockfile && cargo update -p smol_str --precise 0.3.2
+      run: cargo generate-lockfile && cargo update -p smol_str --precise 0.3.2 && cargo update -p unicode-segmentation --precise 1.12.0 && cargo update -p wayland-protocols --precise 0.32.12
 
     - name: Install GCC Multilib
       if: (matrix.platform.os == 'ubuntu-latest') && contains(matrix.platform.target, 'i686')
@@ -145,7 +145,7 @@ jobs:
     - name: Cache cargo-apk
       if: contains(matrix.platform.target, 'android')
       id: cargo-apk-cache
-      uses: actions/cache@v4
+      uses: actions/cache@v6
       with:
         path: ~/.cargo/bin/cargo-apk
         # Change this key if we update the required cargo-apk version
@@ -160,7 +160,7 @@ jobs:
       if: contains(matrix.platform.target, 'android') && (steps.cargo-apk-cache.outputs.cache-hit != 'true')
       run: cargo install cargo-apk --version=^0.9.7 --locked
 
-    - uses: taiki-e/cache-cargo-install-action@v2
+    - uses: taiki-e/cache-cargo-install-action@v3
       if: contains(matrix.platform.target, 'wasm32') && matrix.toolchain == 'nightly'
       with:
         tool: wasm-bindgen-cli
@@ -281,7 +281,7 @@ jobs:
 
     # See restore step above
     - name: Save cache of cargo folder
-      uses: actions/cache/save@v4
+      uses: actions/cache/save@v6
       with:
         path: |
           ~/.cargo/registry/index/
@@ -290,31 +290,14 @@ jobs:
         key: cargo-${{ matrix.toolchain }}-${{ matrix.platform.name }}-${{ hashFiles('Cargo.lock') }}
 
   cargo-deny:
-    name: Run cargo-deny on ${{ matrix.platform.name }}
+    name: Run cargo-deny
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
 
-    # TODO: remove this matrix when https://github.com/EmbarkStudios/cargo-deny/issues/324 is resolved
-    strategy:
-      fail-fast: false
-      matrix:
-        platform:
-          - { name: 'Android', target: aarch64-linux-android }
-          - { name: 'iOS', target: aarch64-apple-ios }
-          - { name: 'Linux', target: x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu }
-          - { name: 'macOS', target: aarch64-apple-darwin }
-          - { name: 'Redox OS', target: x86_64-unknown-redox }
-          - { name: 'Web', target: wasm32-unknown-unknown }
-          - { name: 'Windows GNU', target: x86_64-pc-windows-gnu }
-          - { name: 'Windows MSVC', target: x86_64-pc-windows-msvc }
-
     steps:
     - uses: taiki-e/checkout-action@v1
     - uses: EmbarkStudios/cargo-deny-action@v2
       with:
-        command: check
         log-level: error
-        manifest-path: winit/Cargo.toml
-        arguments: --all-features --target ${{ matrix.platform.target }}
 
   eslint:
     name: ESLint

.github/workflows/docs.yml

@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ jobs:
       id-token: write
 
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v5
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v7
 
       - uses: dtolnay/rust-toolchain@master
         with:
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ jobs:
           cargo doc --no-deps -Z rustdoc-map -Z rustdoc-scrape-examples --features=serde,mint,android-native-activity
 
       - name: Setup Pages
-        uses: actions/configure-pages@v5
+        uses: actions/configure-pages@v6
 
       - name: Fix permissions
         run: |
@@ -41,10 +41,10 @@ jobs:
           done
 
       - name: Upload artifact
-        uses: actions/upload-pages-artifact@v4
+        uses: actions/upload-pages-artifact@v5
         with:
           path: target/doc
 
       - name: Deploy to GitHub Pages
         id: deployment
-        uses: actions/deploy-pages@v4
+        uses: actions/deploy-pages@v5

Cargo.toml

@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ tracing = { version = "0.1.40", default-features = false }
 
 # Dev dependencies.
 image = { version = "0.25.0", default-features = false }
-softbuffer = { version = "0.4.6", default-features = false, features = [
+softbuffer = { version = "0.4.8", default-features = false, features = [
     "x11",
     "x11-dlopen",
     "wayland",
@@ -64,12 +64,12 @@ objc2-ui-kit = { version = "0.3.2", default-features = false }
 
 # Windows dependencies.
 unicode-segmentation = "1.7.1"
-windows-sys = "0.59.0"
+windows-sys = "0.61"
 
 # Linux dependencies.
-ahash = { version = "0.8.7", features = ["no-rng"] }
 bytemuck = { version = "1.13.1", default-features = false }
 calloop = "0.14.3"
+foldhash = { version = "0.2.0", default-features = false, features = ["std"] }
 libc = "0.2.64"
 memmap2 = "0.9.0"
 percent-encoding = "2.0"
@@ -79,8 +79,9 @@ x11rb = { version = "0.13.0", default-features = false }
 xkbcommon-dl = "0.4.2"
 
 # Orbital dependencies.
+libredox = "0.1.12"
 orbclient = { version = "0.3.47", default-features = false }
-redox_syscall = "0.5.7"
+redox_event = { package = "redox_event", version = "0.4.5" }
 
 # Web dependencies.
 atomic-waker = "1"

clippy.toml

@@ -1,4 +1,11 @@
 # Using allow-invalid because this is platform-specific code
+disallowed-macros = [
+    { path = "std::print", reason = "works badly on web", replacement = "tracing::info" },
+    { path = "std::println", reason = "works badly on web", replacement = "tracing::info" },
+    { path = "std::eprint", reason = "works badly on web", replacement = "tracing::error" },
+    { path = "std::eprintln", reason = "works badly on web", replacement = "tracing::error" },
+    { path = "std::dbg", reason = "leftover debugging aid, remove it or use tracing" },
+]
 disallowed-methods = [
     { allow-invalid = true, path = "objc2_app_kit::NSView::visibleRect", reason = "We expose a render target to the user, and visibility is not really relevant to that (and can break if you don't use the rectangle position as well). Use `frame` instead." },
     { allow-invalid = true, path = "objc2_app_kit::NSWindow::setFrameTopLeftPoint", reason = "Not sufficient when working with Winit's coordinate system, use `flip_window_screen_coordinates` instead" },

deny.toml

@@ -1,27 +1,25 @@
 # https://embarkstudios.github.io/cargo-deny
 # cargo install cargo-deny
-# cargo update && cargo deny --target aarch64-apple-ios check
-# Note: running just `cargo deny check` without a `--target` will result in
-# false positives due to https://github.com/EmbarkStudios/cargo-deny/issues/324
+# cargo update && cargo deny check
 [graph]
 all-features = true
 exclude-dev = true
 targets = [
-    { triple = "aarch64-apple-darwin" },
-    { triple = "aarch64-apple-ios" },
-    { triple = "aarch64-linux-android" },
-    { triple = "i686-pc-windows-gnu" },
-    { triple = "i686-pc-windows-msvc" },
-    { triple = "i686-unknown-linux-gnu" },
+    "aarch64-apple-darwin",
+    "aarch64-apple-ios",
+    "aarch64-linux-android",
+    "i686-pc-windows-gnu",
+    "i686-pc-windows-msvc",
+    "i686-unknown-linux-gnu",
     { triple = "wasm32-unknown-unknown", features = [
         "atomics",
     ] },
-    { triple = "x86_64-apple-darwin" },
-    { triple = "x86_64-apple-ios" },
-    { triple = "x86_64-pc-windows-gnu" },
-    { triple = "x86_64-pc-windows-msvc" },
-    { triple = "x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu" },
-    { triple = "x86_64-unknown-redox" },
+    "x86_64-apple-darwin",
+    "x86_64-apple-ios",
+    "x86_64-pc-windows-gnu",
+    "x86_64-pc-windows-msvc",
+    "x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu",
+    "x86_64-unknown-redox",
 ]
 
 [licenses]
@@ -32,6 +30,8 @@ allow = [
     "ISC",          # https://tldrlegal.com/license/isc-license
     "MIT",          # https://tldrlegal.com/license/mit-license
     "Unicode-3.0",  # https://spdx.org/licenses/Unicode-3.0.html
+    "Zlib",         # https://spdx.org/licenses/Zlib.html
+    "MPL-2.0",      # https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/MPL/2.0/
 ]
 confidence-threshold = 1.0
 private = { ignore = true }
@@ -39,46 +39,23 @@ private = { ignore = true }
 [bans]
 multiple-versions = "deny"
 skip = [
-    { crate = "bitflags@1", reason = "the ecosystem is in the process of migrating" },
-    { crate = "rustix@0.38", reason = "the ecosystem is in the process of migrating" },
-    { crate = "linux-raw-sys@0.4", reason = "the ecosystem is in the process of migrating" },
+    { crate = "jni-sys@0.3", reason = "uses the semver trick to depend on v0.4, but `ndk` hasn't been updated to v0.4 yet" },
+    { crate = "thiserror@1.0", reason = "dep of `ndk` crate, yet to be updated" },
+    { crate = "thiserror-impl@1.0", reason = "dep of `thiserror`" },
+    { crate = "objc2@0.5", reason = "used by crossfont" },
+    { crate = "objc2-foundation@0.2", reason = "used by crossfont" },
+]
+skip-tree = [
+    { crate = "windows-sys", reason = "foundational but bumps fairly often, nothing we can do about it not having a shared version" },
 ]
-wildcards = "allow" # at least until https://github.com/EmbarkStudios/cargo-deny/issues/241 is fixed
 
 [bans.build]
+bypass = [
+    { crate = "android-activity", allow-globs = ["android-games-sdk/import-games-sdk.sh"] },
+    { crate = "freetype-sys", allow-globs = ["freetype2/*"] },
+    # `crossfont` still depends (partially transitively) on `winapi`.
+    { crate = "winapi-i686-pc-windows-gnu", allow-globs = ["lib/lib*.a"] },
+    { crate = "winapi-x86_64-pc-windows-gnu", allow-globs = ["lib/lib*.a"] },
+]
 include-archives = true
 interpreted = "deny"
-
-[[bans.build.bypass]]
-allow = [
-    { path = "generate-bindings.sh", checksum = "268ec23248218d779e33853cdc60e2985e70214ff004716cd734270de1f6b561" },
-]
-crate = "android-activity"
-
-[[bans.build.bypass]]
-allow-globs = ["ci/*", "githooks/*"]
-crate = "zerocopy"
-
-[[bans.build.bypass]]
-allow-globs = ["cherry-pick-stable.sh"]
-crate = "libc"
-
-[[bans.build.bypass]]
-allow-globs = ["freetype2/*"]
-crate = "freetype-sys"
-
-[[bans.build.bypass]]
-allow-globs = ["lib/*.a"]
-crate = "windows_i686_gnu"
-
-[[bans.build.bypass]]
-allow-globs = ["lib/*.lib"]
-crate = "windows_i686_msvc"
-
-[[bans.build.bypass]]
-allow-globs = ["lib/*.a"]
-crate = "windows_x86_64_gnu"
-
-[[bans.build.bypass]]
-allow-globs = ["lib/*.lib"]
-crate = "windows_x86_64_msvc"

dpi/src/lib.rs

@@ -84,36 +84,18 @@ pub trait Pixel: Copy + Into<f64> {
     }
 }
 
-impl Pixel for u8 {
-    fn from_f64(f: f64) -> Self {
-        round(f) as u8
-    }
-}
-impl Pixel for u16 {
-    fn from_f64(f: f64) -> Self {
-        round(f) as u16
-    }
-}
-impl Pixel for u32 {
-    fn from_f64(f: f64) -> Self {
-        round(f) as u32
-    }
-}
-impl Pixel for i8 {
-    fn from_f64(f: f64) -> Self {
-        round(f) as i8
-    }
-}
-impl Pixel for i16 {
-    fn from_f64(f: f64) -> Self {
-        round(f) as i16
-    }
-}
-impl Pixel for i32 {
-    fn from_f64(f: f64) -> Self {
-        round(f) as i32
-    }
+macro_rules! pixel_int_impl {
+    ($($t:ty),*) => {$(
+        impl Pixel for $t {
+            fn from_f64(f: f64) -> Self {
+                round(f) as $t
+            }
+        }
+    )*}
 }
+
+pixel_int_impl!(u8, u16, u32, i8, i16, i32);
+
 impl Pixel for f32 {
     fn from_f64(f: f64) -> Self {
         f as f32
@@ -378,6 +360,48 @@ impl<P: Pixel> From<LogicalUnit<P>> for PixelUnit {
     }
 }
 
+macro_rules! vec2_from_impls {
+    ($t:ident, $a:ident, $b:ident, $mint_ty:ident) => {
+        impl<P: Pixel, X: Pixel> From<(X, X)> for $t<P> {
+            fn from(($a, $b): (X, X)) -> Self {
+                Self::new($a.cast(), $b.cast())
+            }
+        }
+
+        impl<P: Pixel, X: Pixel> From<$t<P>> for (X, X) {
+            fn from(p: $t<P>) -> Self {
+                (p.$a.cast(), p.$b.cast())
+            }
+        }
+
+        impl<P: Pixel, X: Pixel> From<[X; 2]> for $t<P> {
+            fn from([$a, $b]: [X; 2]) -> Self {
+                Self::new($a.cast(), $b.cast())
+            }
+        }
+
+        impl<P: Pixel, X: Pixel> From<$t<P>> for [X; 2] {
+            fn from(p: $t<P>) -> Self {
+                [p.$a.cast(), p.$b.cast()]
+            }
+        }
+
+        #[cfg(feature = "mint")]
+        impl<P: Pixel> From<mint::$mint_ty<P>> for $t<P> {
+            fn from(p: mint::$mint_ty<P>) -> Self {
+                Self::new(p.x, p.y)
+            }
+        }
+
+        #[cfg(feature = "mint")]
+        impl<P: Pixel> From<$t<P>> for mint::$mint_ty<P> {
+            fn from(p: $t<P>) -> Self {
+                Self { x: p.$a, y: p.$b }
+            }
+        }
+    };
+}
+
 /// A position represented in logical pixels.
 ///
 /// The position is stored as floats, so please be careful. Casting floats to integers truncates the
@@ -420,43 +444,7 @@ impl<P: Pixel> LogicalPosition<P> {
     }
 }
 
-impl<P: Pixel, X: Pixel> From<(X, X)> for LogicalPosition<P> {
-    fn from((x, y): (X, X)) -> LogicalPosition<P> {
-        LogicalPosition::new(x.cast(), y.cast())
-    }
-}
-
-impl<P: Pixel, X: Pixel> From<LogicalPosition<P>> for (X, X) {
-    fn from(p: LogicalPosition<P>) -> (X, X) {
-        (p.x.cast(), p.y.cast())
-    }
-}
-
-impl<P: Pixel, X: Pixel> From<[X; 2]> for LogicalPosition<P> {
-    fn from([x, y]: [X; 2]) -> LogicalPosition<P> {
-        LogicalPosition::new(x.cast(), y.cast())
-    }
-}
-
-impl<P: Pixel, X: Pixel> From<LogicalPosition<P>> for [X; 2] {
-    fn from(p: LogicalPosition<P>) -> [X; 2] {
-        [p.x.cast(), p.y.cast()]
-    }
-}
-
-#[cfg(feature = "mint")]
-impl<P: Pixel> From<mint::Point2<P>> for LogicalPosition<P> {
-    fn from(p: mint::Point2<P>) -> Self {
-        Self::new(p.x, p.y)
-    }
-}
-
-#[cfg(feature = "mint")]
-impl<P: Pixel> From<LogicalPosition<P>> for mint::Point2<P> {
-    fn from(p: LogicalPosition<P>) -> Self {
-        mint::Point2 { x: p.x, y: p.y }
-    }
-}
+vec2_from_impls!(LogicalPosition, x, y, Point2);
 
 /// A position represented in physical pixels.
 #[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, Eq, PartialEq, Ord, PartialOrd, Default, Hash)]
@@ -496,43 +484,7 @@ impl<P: Pixel> PhysicalPosition<P> {
     }
 }
 
-impl<P: Pixel, X: Pixel> From<(X, X)> for PhysicalPosition<P> {
-    fn from((x, y): (X, X)) -> PhysicalPosition<P> {
-        PhysicalPosition::new(x.cast(), y.cast())
-    }
-}
-
-impl<P: Pixel, X: Pixel> From<PhysicalPosition<P>> for (X, X) {
-    fn from(p: PhysicalPosition<P>) -> (X, X) {
-        (p.x.cast(), p.y.cast())
-    }
-}
-
-impl<P: Pixel, X: Pixel> From<[X; 2]> for PhysicalPosition<P> {
-    fn from([x, y]: [X; 2]) -> PhysicalPosition<P> {
-        PhysicalPosition::new(x.cast(), y.cast())
-    }
-}
-
-impl<P: Pixel, X: Pixel> From<PhysicalPosition<P>> for [X; 2] {
-    fn from(p: PhysicalPosition<P>) -> [X; 2] {
-        [p.x.cast(), p.y.cast()]
-    }
-}
-
-#[cfg(feature = "mint")]
-impl<P: Pixel> From<mint::Point2<P>> for PhysicalPosition<P> {
-    fn from(p: mint::Point2<P>) -> Self {
-        Self::new(p.x, p.y)
-    }
-}
-
-#[cfg(feature = "mint")]
-impl<P: Pixel> From<PhysicalPosition<P>> for mint::Point2<P> {
-    fn from(p: PhysicalPosition<P>) -> Self {
-        mint::Point2 { x: p.x, y: p.y }
-    }
-}
+vec2_from_impls!(PhysicalPosition, x, y, Point2);
 
 /// A size represented in logical pixels.
 #[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, Eq, PartialEq, Ord, PartialOrd, Default, Hash)]
@@ -572,43 +524,7 @@ impl<P: Pixel> LogicalSize<P> {
     }
 }
 
-impl<P: Pixel, X: Pixel> From<(X, X)> for LogicalSize<P> {
-    fn from((x, y): (X, X)) -> LogicalSize<P> {
-        LogicalSize::new(x.cast(), y.cast())
-    }
-}
-
-impl<P: Pixel, X: Pixel> From<LogicalSize<P>> for (X, X) {
-    fn from(s: LogicalSize<P>) -> (X, X) {
-        (s.width.cast(), s.height.cast())
-    }
-}
-
-impl<P: Pixel, X: Pixel> From<[X; 2]> for LogicalSize<P> {
-    fn from([x, y]: [X; 2]) -> LogicalSize<P> {
-        LogicalSize::new(x.cast(), y.cast())
-    }
-}
-
-impl<P: Pixel, X: Pixel> From<LogicalSize<P>> for [X; 2] {
-    fn from(s: LogicalSize<P>) -> [X; 2] {
-        [s.width.cast(), s.height.cast()]
-    }
-}
-
-#[cfg(feature = "mint")]
-impl<P: Pixel> From<mint::Vector2<P>> for LogicalSize<P> {
-    fn from(v: mint::Vector2<P>) -> Self {
-        Self::new(v.x, v.y)
-    }
-}
-
-#[cfg(feature = "mint")]
-impl<P: Pixel> From<LogicalSize<P>> for mint::Vector2<P> {
-    fn from(s: LogicalSize<P>) -> Self {
-        mint::Vector2 { x: s.width, y: s.height }
-    }
-}
+vec2_from_impls!(LogicalSize, width, height, Vector2);
 
 /// A size represented in physical pixels.
 #[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, Eq, PartialEq, Ord, PartialOrd, Default, Hash)]
@@ -645,43 +561,7 @@ impl<P: Pixel> PhysicalSize<P> {
     }
 }
 
-impl<P: Pixel, X: Pixel> From<(X, X)> for PhysicalSize<P> {
-    fn from((x, y): (X, X)) -> PhysicalSize<P> {
-        PhysicalSize::new(x.cast(), y.cast())
-    }
-}
-
-impl<P: Pixel, X: Pixel> From<PhysicalSize<P>> for (X, X) {
-    fn from(s: PhysicalSize<P>) -> (X, X) {
-        (s.width.cast(), s.height.cast())
-    }
-}
-
-impl<P: Pixel, X: Pixel> From<[X; 2]> for PhysicalSize<P> {
-    fn from([x, y]: [X; 2]) -> PhysicalSize<P> {
-        PhysicalSize::new(x.cast(), y.cast())
-    }
-}
-
-impl<P: Pixel, X: Pixel> From<PhysicalSize<P>> for [X; 2] {
-    fn from(s: PhysicalSize<P>) -> [X; 2] {
-        [s.width.cast(), s.height.cast()]
-    }
-}
-
-#[cfg(feature = "mint")]
-impl<P: Pixel> From<mint::Vector2<P>> for PhysicalSize<P> {
-    fn from(v: mint::Vector2<P>) -> Self {
-        Self::new(v.x, v.y)
-    }
-}
-
-#[cfg(feature = "mint")]
-impl<P: Pixel> From<PhysicalSize<P>> for mint::Vector2<P> {
-    fn from(s: PhysicalSize<P>) -> Self {
-        mint::Vector2 { x: s.width, y: s.height }
-    }
-}
+vec2_from_impls!(PhysicalSize, width, height, Vector2);
 
 /// A size that's either physical or logical.
 #[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, PartialEq)]

winit-android/src/event_loop.rs

@@ -473,16 +473,23 @@ impl EventLoop {
                             &mut self.combining_accent,
                         );
 
+                        let logical_key = keycodes::to_logical(key_char, keycode);
+                        let text = if state == event::ElementState::Pressed {
+                            logical_key.to_text().map(smol_str::SmolStr::new)
+                        } else {
+                            None
+                        };
+
                         let event = event::WindowEvent::KeyboardInput {
                             device_id: Some(DeviceId::from_raw(key.device_id() as i64)),
                             event: event::KeyEvent {
                                 state,
                                 physical_key: keycodes::to_physical_key(keycode),
-                                logical_key: keycodes::to_logical(key_char, keycode),
+                                logical_key,
                                 location: keycodes::to_location(keycode),
                                 repeat: key.repeat_count() > 0,
-                                text: None,
-                                text_with_all_modifiers: None,
+                                text: text.clone(),
+                                text_with_all_modifiers: text,
                                 key_without_modifiers: keycodes::to_logical(key_char, keycode),
                             },
                             is_synthetic: false,

winit-android/src/keycodes.rs

@@ -109,6 +109,7 @@ pub fn to_physical_key(keycode: Keycode) -> PhysicalKey {
         Keycode::MediaStop => KeyCode::MediaStop,
         Keycode::MediaNext => KeyCode::MediaTrackNext,
         Keycode::MediaPrevious => KeyCode::MediaTrackPrevious,
+        Keycode::MediaEject => KeyCode::Eject,
 
         Keycode::Plus => KeyCode::Equal,
         Keycode::Minus => KeyCode::Minus,
@@ -131,7 +132,11 @@ pub fn to_physical_key(keycode: Keycode) -> PhysicalKey {
         // These are exactly the same
         Keycode::ScrollLock => KeyCode::ScrollLock,
 
+        Keycode::Eisu => KeyCode::Lang2,
+        Keycode::Muhenkan => KeyCode::NonConvert,
+        Keycode::Henkan => KeyCode::Convert,
         Keycode::Yen => KeyCode::IntlYen,
+        Keycode::Ro => KeyCode::IntlRo,
         Keycode::Kana => KeyCode::Lang1,
         Keycode::KatakanaHiragana => KeyCode::KanaMode,
 
@@ -154,6 +159,14 @@ pub fn to_physical_key(keycode: Keycode) -> PhysicalKey {
         Keycode::Sleep => KeyCode::Sleep, // what about SoftSleep?
         Keycode::Wakeup => KeyCode::WakeUp,
 
+        Keycode::CapsLock => KeyCode::CapsLock,
+        Keycode::Help => KeyCode::Help,
+
+        Keycode::Back => KeyCode::BrowserBack,
+        Keycode::Forward => KeyCode::BrowserForward,
+        Keycode::Refresh => KeyCode::BrowserRefresh,
+        Keycode::Search => KeyCode::BrowserSearch,
+
         keycode => return PhysicalKey::Unidentified(NativeKeyCode::Android(keycode.into())),
     })
 }

winit-appkit/Cargo.toml

@@ -51,6 +51,7 @@ objc2-app-kit = { workspace = true, features = [
     "NSScreen",
     "NSTextInputClient",
     "NSTextInputContext",
+    "NSTrackingArea",
     "NSToolbar",
     "NSView",
     "NSWindow",
@@ -106,7 +107,7 @@ objc2-foundation = { workspace = true, features = [
     "NSThread",
     "NSValue",
 ] }
-winit-common = { workspace = true, features = ["core-foundation", "event-handler"] }
+winit-common = { workspace = true, features = ["core-foundation", "event-handler", "foundation"] }
 
 [dev-dependencies]
 winit.workspace = true

winit-appkit/src/app.rs

@@ -1,14 +1,15 @@
 #![allow(clippy::unnecessary_cast)]
 
 use std::cell::Cell;
-use std::mem;
 use std::rc::Rc;
+use std::{mem, ptr};
 
 use dispatch2::MainThreadBound;
 use objc2::runtime::{Imp, Sel};
 use objc2::sel;
 use objc2_app_kit::{NSApplication, NSEvent, NSEventModifierFlags, NSEventType};
 use objc2_foundation::MainThreadMarker;
+use tracing::trace_span;
 use winit_core::event::{DeviceEvent, ElementState};
 
 use super::app_state::AppState;
@@ -21,6 +22,10 @@ static ORIGINAL: MainThreadBound<Cell<Option<SendEvent>>> = {
 };
 
 extern "C-unwind" fn send_event(app: &NSApplication, sel: Sel, event: &NSEvent) {
+    // This can be a bit noisy, since `event` is fairly large. Note that you can use
+    // `RUST_LOG='trace,winit_appkit::app=warn'` if you're debugging and want TRACE-level logs but
+    // not this.
+    let _entered = trace_span!("sendEvent:", ?event).entered();
     let mtm = MainThreadMarker::from(app);
 
     // Normally, holding Cmd + any key never sends us a `keyUp` event for that key.
@@ -75,9 +80,7 @@ pub(crate) fn override_send_event(global_app: &NSApplication) {
     let overridden = unsafe { mem::transmute::<SendEvent, Imp>(send_event) };
 
     // If we've already overridden the method, don't do anything.
-    // FIXME(madsmtm): Use `std::ptr::fn_addr_eq` (Rust 1.85) once available in MSRV.
-    #[allow(unknown_lints, unpredictable_function_pointer_comparisons)]
-    if overridden == method.implementation() {
+    if ptr::fn_addr_eq(overridden, method.implementation()) {
         return;
     }
 

winit-appkit/src/app_state.rs

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ use dispatch2::MainThreadBound;
 use objc2::MainThreadMarker;
 use objc2_app_kit::{NSApplication, NSApplicationActivationPolicy, NSRunningApplication};
 use objc2_foundation::NSNotification;
-use winit_common::core_foundation::EventLoopProxy;
+use winit_common::core_foundation::{EventLoopProxy, MainRunLoop};
 use winit_common::event_handler::EventHandler;
 use winit_core::application::ApplicationHandler;
 use winit_core::event::{StartCause, WindowEvent};
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ use winit_core::window::WindowId;
 
 use super::event_loop::{ActiveEventLoop, notify_windows_of_exit, stop_app_immediately};
 use super::menu;
-use super::observer::{EventLoopWaker, RunLoop};
+use super::observer::EventLoopWaker;
 
 #[derive(Debug)]
 pub(super) struct AppState {
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ pub(super) struct AppState {
     activation_policy: Option<NSApplicationActivationPolicy>,
     default_menu: bool,
     activate_ignoring_other_apps: bool,
-    run_loop: RunLoop,
+    run_loop: MainRunLoop,
     event_loop_proxy: Arc<EventLoopProxy>,
     event_handler: EventHandler,
     stop_on_launch: Cell<bool>,
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ impl AppState {
             activation_policy,
             default_menu,
             activate_ignoring_other_apps,
-            run_loop: RunLoop::main(mtm),
+            run_loop: MainRunLoop::get(mtm),
             event_loop_proxy,
             event_handler: EventHandler::new(),
             stop_on_launch: Cell::new(false),
@@ -99,7 +99,6 @@ impl AppState {
     // NOTE: This notification will, globally, only be emitted once,
     // no matter how many `EventLoop`s the user creates.
     pub fn did_finish_launching(self: &Rc<Self>, _notification: &NSNotification) {
-        trace_scope!("NSApplicationDidFinishLaunchingNotification");
         self.is_launched.set(true);
 
         let app = NSApplication::sharedApplication(self.mtm);
@@ -154,7 +153,6 @@ impl AppState {
     }
 
     pub fn will_terminate(self: &Rc<Self>, _notification: &NSNotification) {
-        trace_scope!("NSApplicationWillTerminateNotification");
         let app = NSApplication::sharedApplication(self.mtm);
         notify_windows_of_exit(&app);
         self.event_handler.terminate();
@@ -265,7 +263,7 @@ impl AppState {
         if !pending_redraw.contains(&window_id) {
             pending_redraw.push(window_id);
         }
-        self.run_loop.wakeup();
+        self.run_loop.wake_up();
     }
 
     #[track_caller]
@@ -310,6 +308,7 @@ impl AppState {
     // Called by RunLoopObserver after finishing waiting for new events
     pub fn wakeup(self: &Rc<Self>) {
         // Return when in event handler due to https://github.com/rust-windowing/winit/issues/1779
+        // (we have registered to observe all modes, including modal event loops).
         if !self.event_handler.ready() || !self.is_running() {
             return;
         }
@@ -338,8 +337,7 @@ impl AppState {
     // Called by RunLoopObserver before waiting for new events
     pub fn cleared(self: &Rc<Self>) {
         // Return when in event handler due to https://github.com/rust-windowing/winit/issues/1779
-        // XXX: how does it make sense that `event_handler.ready()` can ever return `false` here if
-        // we're about to return to the `CFRunLoop` to poll for new events?
+        // (we have registered to observe all modes, including modal event loops).
         if !self.event_handler.ready() || !self.is_running() {
             return;
         }

winit-appkit/src/cursor.rs

@@ -5,7 +5,10 @@ use std::sync::OnceLock;
 use objc2::rc::Retained;
 use objc2::runtime::Sel;
 use objc2::{AllocAnyThread, ClassType, available, msg_send, sel};
-use objc2_app_kit::{NSBitmapImageRep, NSCursor, NSDeviceRGBColorSpace, NSImage};
+use objc2_app_kit::{
+    NSBitmapImageRep, NSCursor, NSCursorFrameResizeDirections, NSCursorFrameResizePosition,
+    NSDeviceRGBColorSpace, NSImage,
+};
 use objc2_foundation::{
     NSData, NSDictionary, NSNumber, NSObject, NSPoint, NSSize, NSString, ns_string,
 };
@@ -204,23 +207,155 @@ pub(crate) fn cursor_from_icon(icon: CursorIcon) -> Retained<NSCursor> {
         CursorIcon::NotAllowed | CursorIcon::NoDrop => NSCursor::operationNotAllowedCursor(),
         CursorIcon::ContextMenu => NSCursor::contextualMenuCursor(),
         CursorIcon::Crosshair => NSCursor::crosshairCursor(),
-        CursorIcon::EResize => NSCursor::resizeRightCursor(),
-        CursorIcon::NResize => NSCursor::resizeUpCursor(),
-        CursorIcon::WResize => NSCursor::resizeLeftCursor(),
-        CursorIcon::SResize => NSCursor::resizeDownCursor(),
-        CursorIcon::EwResize | CursorIcon::ColResize => NSCursor::resizeLeftRightCursor(),
-        CursorIcon::NsResize | CursorIcon::RowResize => NSCursor::resizeUpDownCursor(),
+        CursorIcon::EResize => {
+            if available!(macos = 15.0) {
+                NSCursor::frameResizeCursorFromPosition_inDirections(
+                    NSCursorFrameResizePosition::Right,
+                    NSCursorFrameResizeDirections::Outward,
+                )
+            } else {
+                NSCursor::resizeRightCursor()
+            }
+        },
+        CursorIcon::NResize => {
+            if available!(macos = 15.0) {
+                NSCursor::frameResizeCursorFromPosition_inDirections(
+                    NSCursorFrameResizePosition::Top,
+                    NSCursorFrameResizeDirections::Outward,
+                )
+            } else {
+                NSCursor::resizeUpCursor()
+            }
+        },
+        CursorIcon::WResize => {
+            if available!(macos = 15.0) {
+                NSCursor::frameResizeCursorFromPosition_inDirections(
+                    NSCursorFrameResizePosition::Left,
+                    NSCursorFrameResizeDirections::Outward,
+                )
+            } else {
+                NSCursor::resizeLeftCursor()
+            }
+        },
+        CursorIcon::SResize => {
+            if available!(macos = 15.0) {
+                NSCursor::frameResizeCursorFromPosition_inDirections(
+                    NSCursorFrameResizePosition::Bottom,
+                    NSCursorFrameResizeDirections::Outward,
+                )
+            } else {
+                NSCursor::resizeDownCursor()
+            }
+        },
+        CursorIcon::EwResize => {
+            if available!(macos = 15.0) {
+                NSCursor::frameResizeCursorFromPosition_inDirections(
+                    NSCursorFrameResizePosition::Right,
+                    NSCursorFrameResizeDirections::All,
+                )
+            } else {
+                NSCursor::resizeLeftRightCursor()
+            }
+        },
+        CursorIcon::NsResize => {
+            if available!(macos = 15.0) {
+                NSCursor::frameResizeCursorFromPosition_inDirections(
+                    NSCursorFrameResizePosition::Top,
+                    NSCursorFrameResizeDirections::All,
+                )
+            } else {
+                NSCursor::resizeUpDownCursor()
+            }
+        },
+        CursorIcon::NeResize => {
+            if available!(macos = 15.0) {
+                NSCursor::frameResizeCursorFromPosition_inDirections(
+                    NSCursorFrameResizePosition::TopRight,
+                    NSCursorFrameResizeDirections::Outward,
+                )
+            } else {
+                _windowResizeNorthEastCursor()
+            }
+        },
+        CursorIcon::NwResize => {
+            if available!(macos = 15.0) {
+                NSCursor::frameResizeCursorFromPosition_inDirections(
+                    NSCursorFrameResizePosition::TopLeft,
+                    NSCursorFrameResizeDirections::Outward,
+                )
+            } else {
+                _windowResizeNorthWestCursor()
+            }
+        },
+        CursorIcon::SeResize => {
+            if available!(macos = 15.0) {
+                NSCursor::frameResizeCursorFromPosition_inDirections(
+                    NSCursorFrameResizePosition::BottomRight,
+                    NSCursorFrameResizeDirections::Outward,
+                )
+            } else {
+                _windowResizeSouthEastCursor()
+            }
+        },
+        CursorIcon::SwResize => {
+            if available!(macos = 15.0) {
+                NSCursor::frameResizeCursorFromPosition_inDirections(
+                    NSCursorFrameResizePosition::BottomLeft,
+                    NSCursorFrameResizeDirections::Outward,
+                )
+            } else {
+                _windowResizeSouthWestCursor()
+            }
+        },
+        CursorIcon::NeswResize => {
+            if available!(macos = 15.0) {
+                NSCursor::frameResizeCursorFromPosition_inDirections(
+                    NSCursorFrameResizePosition::TopRight,
+                    NSCursorFrameResizeDirections::All,
+                )
+            } else {
+                _windowResizeNorthEastSouthWestCursor()
+            }
+        },
+        CursorIcon::NwseResize => {
+            if available!(macos = 15.0) {
+                NSCursor::frameResizeCursorFromPosition_inDirections(
+                    NSCursorFrameResizePosition::TopLeft,
+                    NSCursorFrameResizeDirections::All,
+                )
+            } else {
+                _windowResizeNorthWestSouthEastCursor()
+            }
+        },
+        CursorIcon::ColResize => {
+            if available!(macos = 15.0) {
+                NSCursor::columnResizeCursor()
+            } else {
+                NSCursor::resizeLeftRightCursor()
+            }
+        },
+        CursorIcon::RowResize => {
+            if available!(macos = 15.0) {
+                NSCursor::rowResizeCursor()
+            } else {
+                NSCursor::resizeUpDownCursor()
+            }
+        },
+        CursorIcon::ZoomIn => {
+            if available!(macos = 15.0) {
+                NSCursor::zoomInCursor()
+            } else {
+                _zoomInCursor()
+            }
+        },
+        CursorIcon::ZoomOut => {
+            if available!(macos = 15.0) {
+                NSCursor::zoomOutCursor()
+            } else {
+                _zoomOutCursor()
+            }
+        },
         CursorIcon::Help => _helpCursor(),
-        CursorIcon::ZoomIn if available!(macos = 15.0) => NSCursor::zoomInCursor(),
-        CursorIcon::ZoomIn => _zoomInCursor(),
-        CursorIcon::ZoomOut if available!(macos = 15.0) => NSCursor::zoomOutCursor(),
-        CursorIcon::ZoomOut => _zoomOutCursor(),
-        CursorIcon::NeResize => _windowResizeNorthEastCursor(),
-        CursorIcon::NwResize => _windowResizeNorthWestCursor(),
-        CursorIcon::SeResize => _windowResizeSouthEastCursor(),
-        CursorIcon::SwResize => _windowResizeSouthWestCursor(),
-        CursorIcon::NeswResize => _windowResizeNorthEastSouthWestCursor(),
-        CursorIcon::NwseResize => _windowResizeNorthWestSouthEastCursor(),
         // This is the wrong semantics for `Wait`, but it's the same as
         // what's used in Safari and Chrome.
         CursorIcon::Wait | CursorIcon::Progress => busyButClickableCursor(),

winit-appkit/src/event_loop.rs

@@ -9,8 +9,12 @@ use objc2_app_kit::{
     NSApplication, NSApplicationActivationPolicy, NSApplicationDidFinishLaunchingNotification,
     NSApplicationWillTerminateNotification, NSWindow,
 };
+use objc2_core_foundation::{CFIndex, CFRunLoopActivity, kCFRunLoopCommonModes};
 use objc2_foundation::{NSNotificationCenter, NSObjectProtocol};
 use rwh_06::HasDisplayHandle;
+use tracing::debug_span;
+use winit_common::core_foundation::{MainRunLoop, MainRunLoopObserver, tracing_observers};
+use winit_common::foundation::create_observer;
 use winit_core::application::ApplicationHandler;
 use winit_core::cursor::{CustomCursor as CoreCustomCursor, CustomCursorSource};
 use winit_core::error::{EventLoopError, RequestError};
@@ -27,8 +31,6 @@ use super::app_state::AppState;
 use super::cursor::CustomCursor;
 use super::event::dummy_event;
 use super::monitor;
-use super::notification_center::create_observer;
-use super::observer::setup_control_flow_observers;
 use crate::ActivationPolicy;
 use crate::window::Window;
 
@@ -150,6 +152,10 @@ pub struct EventLoop {
     // Though we do still need to keep the observers around to prevent them from being deallocated.
     _did_finish_launching_observer: Retained<ProtocolObject<dyn NSObjectProtocol>>,
     _will_terminate_observer: Retained<ProtocolObject<dyn NSObjectProtocol>>,
+
+    _tracing_observers: Option<(MainRunLoopObserver, MainRunLoopObserver)>,
+    _before_waiting_observer: MainRunLoopObserver,
+    _after_waiting_observer: MainRunLoopObserver,
 }
 
 #[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
@@ -199,6 +205,7 @@ impl EventLoop {
             // `applicationDidFinishLaunching:`
             unsafe { NSApplicationDidFinishLaunchingNotification },
             move |notification| {
+                let _entered = debug_span!("NSApplicationDidFinishLaunchingNotification").entered();
                 if let Some(app_state) = weak_app_state.upgrade() {
                     app_state.did_finish_launching(notification);
                 }
@@ -211,13 +218,45 @@ impl EventLoop {
             // `applicationWillTerminate:`
             unsafe { NSApplicationWillTerminateNotification },
             move |notification| {
+                let _entered = debug_span!("NSApplicationWillTerminateNotification").entered();
                 if let Some(app_state) = weak_app_state.upgrade() {
                     app_state.will_terminate(notification);
                 }
             },
         );
 
-        setup_control_flow_observers(mtm);
+        let main_loop = MainRunLoop::get(mtm);
+        let mode = unsafe { kCFRunLoopCommonModes }.unwrap();
+
+        // Tracing observers have the lowest and highest orderings.
+        let _tracing_observers = tracing_observers(mtm).inspect(|(start, end)| {
+            main_loop.add_observer(start, mode);
+            main_loop.add_observer(end, mode);
+        });
+
+        let app_state_clone = Rc::clone(&app_state);
+        let _before_waiting_observer = MainRunLoopObserver::new(
+            mtm,
+            CFRunLoopActivity::BeforeWaiting,
+            true,
+            // Queued with the second-lowest priority (tracing observers use the lowest) to ensure
+            // it is processed after other observers.
+            CFIndex::MAX - 1,
+            move |_| app_state_clone.cleared(),
+        );
+        main_loop.add_observer(&_before_waiting_observer, mode);
+
+        let app_state_clone = Rc::clone(&app_state);
+        let _after_waiting_observer = MainRunLoopObserver::new(
+            mtm,
+            CFRunLoopActivity::AfterWaiting,
+            true,
+            // Queued with the second-highest priority (tracing observers use the highest) to
+            // ensure it is processed before other observers.
+            CFIndex::MIN + 1,
+            move |_| app_state_clone.wakeup(),
+        );
+        main_loop.add_observer(&_after_waiting_observer, mode);
 
         Ok(EventLoop {
             app,
@@ -225,6 +264,9 @@ impl EventLoop {
             window_target: ActiveEventLoop { app_state, mtm },
             _did_finish_launching_observer,
             _will_terminate_observer,
+            _tracing_observers,
+            _before_waiting_observer,
+            _after_waiting_observer,
         })
     }
 

winit-appkit/src/lib.rs

@@ -76,7 +76,6 @@ mod event_loop;
 mod ffi;
 mod menu;
 mod monitor;
-mod notification_center;
 mod observer;
 mod view;
 mod window;

winit-appkit/src/observer.rs

@@ -1,171 +1,10 @@
-//! Utilities for working with `CFRunLoop`.
-//!
-//! See Apple's documentation on Run Loops for details:
-//! <https://developer.apple.com/library/archive/documentation/Cocoa/Conceptual/Multithreading/RunLoopManagement/RunLoopManagement.html>
-use std::cell::Cell;
 use std::ffi::c_void;
 use std::ptr;
 use std::time::Instant;
 
-use objc2::MainThreadMarker;
 use objc2_core_foundation::{
-    CFAbsoluteTimeGetCurrent, CFIndex, CFRetained, CFRunLoop, CFRunLoopActivity, CFRunLoopObserver,
-    CFRunLoopObserverCallBack, CFRunLoopObserverContext, CFRunLoopTimer, kCFRunLoopCommonModes,
-    kCFRunLoopDefaultMode,
+    CFAbsoluteTimeGetCurrent, CFRetained, CFRunLoop, CFRunLoopTimer, kCFRunLoopCommonModes,
 };
-use tracing::error;
-
-use super::app_state::AppState;
-
-// begin is queued with the highest priority to ensure it is processed before other observers
-extern "C-unwind" fn control_flow_begin_handler(
-    _: *mut CFRunLoopObserver,
-    activity: CFRunLoopActivity,
-    _info: *mut c_void,
-) {
-    match activity {
-        CFRunLoopActivity::AfterWaiting => {
-            AppState::get(MainThreadMarker::new().unwrap()).wakeup();
-        },
-        _ => unreachable!(),
-    }
-}
-
-// end is queued with the lowest priority to ensure it is processed after other observers
-// without that, LoopExiting would  get sent after AboutToWait
-extern "C-unwind" fn control_flow_end_handler(
-    _: *mut CFRunLoopObserver,
-    activity: CFRunLoopActivity,
-    _info: *mut c_void,
-) {
-    match activity {
-        CFRunLoopActivity::BeforeWaiting => {
-            AppState::get(MainThreadMarker::new().unwrap()).cleared();
-        },
-        CFRunLoopActivity::Exit => (), // unimplemented!(), // not expected to ever happen
-        _ => unreachable!(),
-    }
-}
-
-#[derive(Debug)]
-pub struct RunLoop(CFRetained<CFRunLoop>);
-
-impl RunLoop {
-    pub fn main(mtm: MainThreadMarker) -> Self {
-        // SAFETY: We have a MainThreadMarker here, which means we know we're on the main thread, so
-        // scheduling (and scheduling a non-`Send` block) to that thread is allowed.
-        let _ = mtm;
-        RunLoop(CFRunLoop::main().unwrap())
-    }
-
-    pub fn wakeup(&self) {
-        self.0.wake_up();
-    }
-
-    unsafe fn add_observer(
-        &self,
-        flags: CFRunLoopActivity,
-        // The lower the value, the sooner this will run
-        priority: CFIndex,
-        handler: CFRunLoopObserverCallBack,
-        context: *mut CFRunLoopObserverContext,
-    ) {
-        let observer =
-            unsafe { CFRunLoopObserver::new(None, flags.0, true, priority, handler, context) }
-                .unwrap();
-        self.0.add_observer(Some(&observer), unsafe { kCFRunLoopCommonModes });
-    }
-
-    /// Submit a closure to run on the main thread as the next step in the run loop, before other
-    /// event sources are processed.
-    ///
-    /// This is used for running event handlers, as those are not allowed to run re-entrantly.
-    ///
-    /// # Implementation
-    ///
-    /// This queuing could be implemented in the following several ways with subtle differences in
-    /// timing. This list is sorted in rough order in which they are run:
-    ///
-    /// 1. Using `CFRunLoopPerformBlock` or `-[NSRunLoop performBlock:]`.
-    ///
-    /// 2. Using `-[NSObject performSelectorOnMainThread:withObject:waitUntilDone:]` or wrapping the
-    ///    event in `NSEvent` and posting that to `-[NSApplication postEvent:atStart:]` (both
-    ///    creates a custom `CFRunLoopSource`, and signals that to wake up the main event loop).
-    ///
-    ///    a. `atStart = true`.
-    ///
-    ///    b. `atStart = false`.
-    ///
-    /// 3. `dispatch_async` or `dispatch_async_f`. Note that this may appear before 2b, it does not
-    ///    respect the ordering that runloop events have.
-    ///
-    /// We choose the first one, both for ease-of-implementation, but mostly for consistency, as we
-    /// want the event to be queued in a way that preserves the order the events originally arrived
-    /// in.
-    ///
-    /// As an example, let's assume that we receive two events from the user, a mouse click which we
-    /// handled by queuing it, and a window resize which we handled immediately. If we allowed
-    /// AppKit to choose the ordering when queuing the mouse event, it might get put in the back of
-    /// the queue, and the events would appear out of order to the user of Winit. So we must instead
-    /// put the event at the very front of the queue, to be handled as soon as possible after
-    /// handling whatever event it's currently handling.
-    pub fn queue_closure(&self, closure: impl FnOnce() + 'static) {
-        // Convert `FnOnce()` to `Block<dyn Fn()>`.
-        let closure = Cell::new(Some(closure));
-        let block = block2::RcBlock::new(move || {
-            if let Some(closure) = closure.take() {
-                closure()
-            } else {
-                error!("tried to execute queued closure on main thread twice");
-            }
-        });
-
-        // There are a few common modes (`kCFRunLoopCommonModes`) defined by Cocoa:
-        // - `NSDefaultRunLoopMode`, alias of `kCFRunLoopDefaultMode`.
-        // - `NSEventTrackingRunLoopMode`, used when mouse-dragging and live-resizing a window.
-        // - `NSModalPanelRunLoopMode`, used when running a modal inside the Winit event loop.
-        // - `NSConnectionReplyMode`: TODO.
-        //
-        // We only want to run event handlers in the default mode, as we support running a blocking
-        // modal inside a Winit event handler (see [#1779]) which outrules the modal panel mode, and
-        // resizing such panel window enters the event tracking run loop mode, so we can't directly
-        // trigger events inside that mode either.
-        //
-        // Any events that are queued while running a modal or when live-resizing will instead wait,
-        // and be delivered to the application afterwards.
-        //
-        // [#1779]: https://github.com/rust-windowing/winit/issues/1779
-        let mode = unsafe { kCFRunLoopDefaultMode.unwrap() };
-
-        // SAFETY: The runloop is valid, the mode is a `CFStringRef`, and the block is `'static`.
-        unsafe { self.0.perform_block(Some(mode), Some(&block)) }
-    }
-}
-
-pub fn setup_control_flow_observers(mtm: MainThreadMarker) {
-    let run_loop = RunLoop::main(mtm);
-    unsafe {
-        let mut context = CFRunLoopObserverContext {
-            info: ptr::null_mut(),
-            version: 0,
-            retain: None,
-            release: None,
-            copyDescription: None,
-        };
-        run_loop.add_observer(
-            CFRunLoopActivity::AfterWaiting,
-            CFIndex::MIN,
-            Some(control_flow_begin_handler),
-            &mut context as *mut _,
-        );
-        run_loop.add_observer(
-            CFRunLoopActivity::Exit | CFRunLoopActivity::BeforeWaiting,
-            CFIndex::MAX,
-            Some(control_flow_end_handler),
-            &mut context as *mut _,
-        );
-    }
-}
 
 #[derive(Debug)]
 pub struct EventLoopWaker {

winit-appkit/src/util.rs

@@ -1,37 +1,10 @@
 use objc2_core_graphics::CGError;
-use tracing::trace;
 use winit_core::error::OsError;
 
 macro_rules! os_error {
     ($error:expr) => {{ winit_core::error::OsError::new(line!(), file!(), $error) }};
 }
 
-macro_rules! trace_scope {
-    ($s:literal) => {
-        let _crate = $crate::util::TraceGuard::new(module_path!(), $s);
-    };
-}
-
-pub(crate) struct TraceGuard {
-    module_path: &'static str,
-    called_from_fn: &'static str,
-}
-
-impl TraceGuard {
-    #[inline]
-    pub(crate) fn new(module_path: &'static str, called_from_fn: &'static str) -> Self {
-        trace!(target = module_path, "Triggered `{}`", called_from_fn);
-        Self { module_path, called_from_fn }
-    }
-}
-
-impl Drop for TraceGuard {
-    #[inline]
-    fn drop(&mut self) {
-        trace!(target = self.module_path, "Completed `{}`", self.called_from_fn);
-    }
-}
-
 #[track_caller]
 pub(crate) fn cgerr(err: CGError) -> Result<(), OsError> {
     if err == CGError::Success { Ok(()) } else { Err(os_error!(format!("CGError {err:?}"))) }

winit-appkit/src/view.rs

@@ -1,22 +1,22 @@
 #![allow(clippy::unnecessary_cast)]
 use std::cell::{Cell, RefCell};
 use std::collections::{HashMap, VecDeque};
-use std::ptr;
 use std::rc::Rc;
 
-use dpi::{LogicalPosition, LogicalSize};
+use dpi::{LogicalPosition, PhysicalSize};
 use objc2::rc::Retained;
 use objc2::runtime::{AnyObject, Sel};
-use objc2::{DefinedClass, MainThreadMarker, define_class, msg_send};
+use objc2::{AnyThread, DefinedClass, MainThreadMarker, define_class, msg_send};
 use objc2_app_kit::{
-    NSApplication, NSCursor, NSEvent, NSEventPhase, NSResponder, NSTextInputClient,
-    NSTrackingRectTag, NSView, NSWindow,
+    NSApplication, NSCursor, NSEvent, NSEventPhase, NSResponder, NSTextInputClient, NSTrackingArea,
+    NSTrackingAreaOptions, NSView, NSViewLayerContentsRedrawPolicy, NSWindow,
 };
 use objc2_core_foundation::CGRect;
 use objc2_foundation::{
     NSArray, NSAttributedString, NSAttributedStringKey, NSCopying, NSMutableAttributedString,
     NSNotFound, NSObject, NSPoint, NSRange, NSRect, NSSize, NSString, NSUInteger,
 };
+use tracing::{debug_span, trace_span};
 use winit_core::event::{
     DeviceEvent, ElementState, Ime, KeyEvent, Modifiers, MouseButton, MouseScrollDelta,
     PointerKind, PointerSource, TouchPhase, WindowEvent,
@@ -119,7 +119,6 @@ pub struct ViewState {
     ime_size: Cell<NSSize>,
     modifiers: Cell<Modifiers>,
     phys_modifiers: RefCell<HashMap<Key, ModLocationMask>>,
-    tracking_rect: Cell<Option<NSTrackingRectTag>>,
     ime_state: Cell<ImeState>,
     input_source: RefCell<String>,
 
@@ -131,7 +130,6 @@ pub struct ViewState {
     /// True if the current key event should be forwarded
     /// to the application, even during IME
     forward_key_to_app: Cell<bool>,
-
     marked_text: RefCell<Retained<NSMutableAttributedString>>,
     accepts_first_mouse: bool,
 
@@ -153,49 +151,35 @@ define_class!(
             true
         }
 
-        #[unsafe(method(viewDidMoveToWindow))]
-        fn view_did_move_to_window(&self) {
-            trace_scope!("viewDidMoveToWindow");
-            if let Some(tracking_rect) = self.ivars().tracking_rect.take() {
-                self.removeTrackingRect(tracking_rect);
-            }
-
-            let rect = self.frame();
-            let tracking_rect = unsafe {
-                self.addTrackingRect_owner_userData_assumeInside(rect, self, ptr::null_mut(), false)
-            };
-            assert_ne!(tracking_rect, 0, "failed adding tracking rect");
-            self.ivars().tracking_rect.set(Some(tracking_rect));
-        }
-
         // Not a normal method on `NSView`, it's triggered by `NSViewFrameDidChangeNotification`.
         #[unsafe(method(viewFrameDidChangeNotification:))]
         fn frame_did_change(&self, _notification: Option<&AnyObject>) {
-            trace_scope!("NSViewFrameDidChangeNotification");
-            if let Some(tracking_rect) = self.ivars().tracking_rect.take() {
-                self.removeTrackingRect(tracking_rect);
-            }
-
-            let rect = self.frame();
-            let tracking_rect = unsafe {
-                self.addTrackingRect_owner_userData_assumeInside(rect, self, ptr::null_mut(), false)
-            };
-            assert_ne!(tracking_rect, 0, "failed adding tracking rect");
-            self.ivars().tracking_rect.set(Some(tracking_rect));
+            let _entered = debug_span!("NSViewFrameDidChangeNotification").entered();
 
             // Emit resize event here rather than from windowDidResize because:
             // 1. When a new window is created as a tab, the frame size may change without a window
             //    resize occurring.
             // 2. Even when a window resize does occur on a new tabbed window, it contains the wrong
             //    size (includes tab height).
-            let logical_size = LogicalSize::new(rect.size.width as f64, rect.size.height as f64);
-            let size = logical_size.to_physical::<u32>(self.scale_factor());
-            self.queue_event(WindowEvent::SurfaceResized(size));
+            self.surface_resized();
+            // During live resize, AppKit may not let the normal event loop reach its next redraw
+            // point before stretching the current layer contents. Redraw immediately after the
+            // app has observed the new surface size.
+            self.redraw_during_live_resize();
+        }
+
+        #[unsafe(method(viewDidChangeBackingProperties))]
+        fn view_did_change_backing_properties(&self) {
+            let _entered = debug_span!("viewDidChangeBackingProperties").entered();
+            // Moving between displays or changing scale can alter the drawable backing size
+            // without a matching frame-size change.
+            self.surface_resized();
+            self.redraw_during_live_resize();
         }
 
         #[unsafe(method(drawRect:))]
         fn draw_rect(&self, _rect: NSRect) {
-            trace_scope!("drawRect:");
+            let _entered = debug_span!("drawRect:").entered();
 
             self.ivars().app_state.handle_redraw(window_id(&self.window()));
 
@@ -204,7 +188,7 @@ define_class!(
 
         #[unsafe(method(acceptsFirstResponder))]
         fn accepts_first_responder(&self) -> bool {
-            trace_scope!("acceptsFirstResponder");
+            let _entered = trace_span!("acceptsFirstResponder").entered();
             true
         }
 
@@ -218,13 +202,13 @@ define_class!(
         // extension for using `NSTouchBar`
         #[unsafe(method_id(touchBar))]
         fn touch_bar(&self) -> Option<Retained<NSObject>> {
-            trace_scope!("touchBar");
+            let _entered = debug_span!("touchBar").entered();
             None
         }
 
         #[unsafe(method(resetCursorRects))]
         fn reset_cursor_rects(&self) {
-            trace_scope!("resetCursorRects");
+            let _entered = debug_span!("resetCursorRects").entered();
             let bounds = self.bounds();
             let cursor_state = self.ivars().cursor_state.borrow();
             // We correctly invoke `addCursorRect` only from inside `resetCursorRects`
@@ -239,13 +223,13 @@ define_class!(
     unsafe impl NSTextInputClient for WinitView {
         #[unsafe(method(hasMarkedText))]
         fn has_marked_text(&self) -> bool {
-            trace_scope!("hasMarkedText");
+            let _entered = debug_span!("hasMarkedText").entered();
             self.ivars().marked_text.borrow().length() > 0
         }
 
         #[unsafe(method(markedRange))]
         fn marked_range(&self) -> NSRange {
-            trace_scope!("markedRange");
+            let _entered = debug_span!("markedRange").entered();
             let length = self.ivars().marked_text.borrow().length();
             if length > 0 {
                 NSRange::new(0, length)
@@ -257,7 +241,7 @@ define_class!(
 
         #[unsafe(method(selectedRange))]
         fn selected_range(&self) -> NSRange {
-            trace_scope!("selectedRange");
+            let _entered = debug_span!("selectedRange").entered();
             // Documented to return `{NSNotFound, 0}` if there is no selection.
             NSRange::new(NSNotFound as NSUInteger, 0)
         }
@@ -270,7 +254,7 @@ define_class!(
             _replacement_range: NSRange,
         ) {
             // TODO: Use _replacement_range, requires changing the event to report surrounding text.
-            trace_scope!("setMarkedText:selectedRange:replacementRange:");
+            let _entered = debug_span!("setMarkedText:selectedRange:replacementRange:").entered();
 
             let (marked_text, string) = if let Some(string) =
                 string.downcast_ref::<NSAttributedString>()
@@ -299,26 +283,31 @@ define_class!(
                 self.ivars().ime_state.set(ImeState::Ground);
             }
 
+            let string = string.to_string();
             let cursor_range = if string.is_empty() {
                 // An empty string basically means that there's no preedit, so indicate that by
                 // sending a `None` cursor range.
                 None
             } else {
-                // Convert the selected range from UTF-16 indices to UTF-8 indices.
-                let sub_string_a = string.substringToIndex(selected_range.location);
-                let sub_string_b = string.substringToIndex(selected_range.end());
-                let lowerbound_utf8 = sub_string_a.len();
-                let upperbound_utf8 = sub_string_b.len();
+                // Convert the selected range from UTF-16 code unit indices to UTF-8 byte
+                // offsets. `utf16_to_utf8_offset` is defensive: it snaps an offset that would
+                // split a surrogate pair down to the character boundary and clamps an
+                // out-of-bounds offset to the string length, so no `NSRangeException` is
+                // possible and the resulting range can never be inverted (`lower <= upper`).
+                // IMEs are known to send both mid-surrogate and out-of-bounds offsets (e.g.
+                // native Pinyin, see https://github.com/alacritty/alacritty/issues/8791).
+                let lowerbound_utf8 = utf16_to_utf8_offset(&string, selected_range.location);
+                let upperbound_utf8 = utf16_to_utf8_offset(&string, selected_range.end());
                 Some((lowerbound_utf8, upperbound_utf8))
             };
 
             // Send WindowEvent for updating marked text
-            self.queue_event(WindowEvent::Ime(Ime::Preedit(string.to_string(), cursor_range)));
+            self.queue_event(WindowEvent::Ime(Ime::Preedit(string, cursor_range)));
         }
 
         #[unsafe(method(unmarkText))]
         fn unmark_text(&self) {
-            trace_scope!("unmarkText");
+            let _entered = debug_span!("unmarkText").entered();
             *self.ivars().marked_text.borrow_mut() = NSMutableAttributedString::new();
 
             let input_context = self.inputContext().expect("input context");
@@ -335,7 +324,7 @@ define_class!(
 
         #[unsafe(method_id(validAttributesForMarkedText))]
         fn valid_attributes_for_marked_text(&self) -> Retained<NSArray<NSAttributedStringKey>> {
-            trace_scope!("validAttributesForMarkedText");
+            let _entered = trace_span!("validAttributesForMarkedText").entered();
             NSArray::new()
         }
 
@@ -345,13 +334,14 @@ define_class!(
             _range: NSRange,
             _actual_range: *mut NSRange,
         ) -> Option<Retained<NSAttributedString>> {
-            trace_scope!("attributedSubstringForProposedRange:actualRange:");
+            let _entered =
+                trace_span!("attributedSubstringForProposedRange:actualRange:").entered();
             None
         }
 
         #[unsafe(method(characterIndexForPoint:))]
         fn character_index_for_point(&self, _point: NSPoint) -> NSUInteger {
-            trace_scope!("characterIndexForPoint:");
+            let _entered = debug_span!("characterIndexForPoint:").entered();
             0
         }
 
@@ -361,7 +351,7 @@ define_class!(
             _range: NSRange,
             _actual_range: *mut NSRange,
         ) -> NSRect {
-            trace_scope!("firstRectForCharacterRange:actualRange:");
+            let _entered = debug_span!("firstRectForCharacterRange:actualRange:").entered();
 
             // Guard when the view is no longer in a window during teardown.
             let Some(window) = (**self).window() else {
@@ -377,7 +367,7 @@ define_class!(
         #[unsafe(method(insertText:replacementRange:))]
         fn insert_text(&self, string: &NSObject, _replacement_range: NSRange) {
             // TODO: Use _replacement_range, requires changing the event to report surrounding text.
-            trace_scope!("insertText:replacementRange:");
+            let _entered = debug_span!("insertText:replacementRange:").entered();
 
             let string = if let Some(string) = string.downcast_ref::<NSAttributedString>() {
                 string.string().to_string()
@@ -402,7 +392,7 @@ define_class!(
         // "human readable" character happens, i.e. newlines, tabs, and Ctrl+C.
         #[unsafe(method(doCommandBySelector:))]
         fn do_command_by_selector(&self, command: Sel) {
-            trace_scope!("doCommandBySelector:");
+            let _entered = debug_span!("doCommandBySelector:").entered();
 
             // We shouldn't forward any character from just committed text, since we'll end up
             // sending it twice with some IMEs like Korean one. We'll also always send
@@ -441,7 +431,7 @@ define_class!(
     impl WinitView {
         #[unsafe(method(keyDown:))]
         fn key_down(&self, event: &NSEvent) {
-            trace_scope!("keyDown:");
+            let _entered = debug_span!("keyDown:").entered();
             {
                 let mut prev_input_source = self.ivars().input_source.borrow_mut();
                 let current_input_source = self.current_input_source();
@@ -500,7 +490,7 @@ define_class!(
 
         #[unsafe(method(keyUp:))]
         fn key_up(&self, event: &NSEvent) {
-            trace_scope!("keyUp:");
+            let _entered = debug_span!("keyUp:").entered();
 
             let event = replace_event(event, self.option_as_alt());
             self.update_modifiers(&event, false);
@@ -517,14 +507,14 @@ define_class!(
 
         #[unsafe(method(flagsChanged:))]
         fn flags_changed(&self, event: &NSEvent) {
-            trace_scope!("flagsChanged:");
+            let _entered = debug_span!("flagsChanged:").entered();
 
             self.update_modifiers(event, true);
         }
 
         #[unsafe(method(insertTab:))]
         fn insert_tab(&self, _sender: Option<&AnyObject>) {
-            trace_scope!("insertTab:");
+            let _entered = debug_span!("insertTab:").entered();
             let window = self.window();
             if let Some(first_responder) = window.firstResponder() {
                 if *first_responder == ***self {
@@ -535,7 +525,7 @@ define_class!(
 
         #[unsafe(method(insertBackTab:))]
         fn insert_back_tab(&self, _sender: Option<&AnyObject>) {
-            trace_scope!("insertBackTab:");
+            let _entered = debug_span!("insertBackTab:").entered();
             let window = self.window();
             if let Some(first_responder) = window.firstResponder() {
                 if *first_responder == ***self {
@@ -549,7 +539,7 @@ define_class!(
         #[unsafe(method(cancelOperation:))]
         fn cancel_operation(&self, _sender: Option<&AnyObject>) {
             let mtm = MainThreadMarker::from(self);
-            trace_scope!("cancelOperation:");
+            let _entered = debug_span!("cancelOperation:").entered();
 
             let event = NSApplication::sharedApplication(mtm)
                 .currentEvent()
@@ -578,71 +568,73 @@ define_class!(
 
         #[unsafe(method(mouseDown:))]
         fn mouse_down(&self, event: &NSEvent) {
-            trace_scope!("mouseDown:");
+            let _entered = debug_span!("mouseDown:").entered();
             self.mouse_motion(event);
             self.mouse_click(event, ElementState::Pressed);
         }
 
         #[unsafe(method(mouseUp:))]
         fn mouse_up(&self, event: &NSEvent) {
-            trace_scope!("mouseUp:");
+            let _entered = debug_span!("mouseUp:").entered();
             self.mouse_motion(event);
             self.mouse_click(event, ElementState::Released);
         }
 
         #[unsafe(method(rightMouseDown:))]
         fn right_mouse_down(&self, event: &NSEvent) {
-            trace_scope!("rightMouseDown:");
+            let _entered = debug_span!("rightMouseDown:").entered();
             self.mouse_motion(event);
             self.mouse_click(event, ElementState::Pressed);
         }
 
         #[unsafe(method(rightMouseUp:))]
         fn right_mouse_up(&self, event: &NSEvent) {
-            trace_scope!("rightMouseUp:");
+            let _entered = debug_span!("rightMouseUp:").entered();
             self.mouse_motion(event);
             self.mouse_click(event, ElementState::Released);
         }
 
         #[unsafe(method(otherMouseDown:))]
         fn other_mouse_down(&self, event: &NSEvent) {
-            trace_scope!("otherMouseDown:");
+            let _entered = debug_span!("otherMouseDown:").entered();
             self.mouse_motion(event);
             self.mouse_click(event, ElementState::Pressed);
         }
 
         #[unsafe(method(otherMouseUp:))]
         fn other_mouse_up(&self, event: &NSEvent) {
-            trace_scope!("otherMouseUp:");
+            let _entered = debug_span!("otherMouseUp:").entered();
             self.mouse_motion(event);
             self.mouse_click(event, ElementState::Released);
         }
 
-        // No tracing on these because that would be overly verbose
-
         #[unsafe(method(mouseMoved:))]
         fn mouse_moved(&self, event: &NSEvent) {
+            let _entered = debug_span!("mouseMoved:").entered();
             self.mouse_motion(event);
         }
 
         #[unsafe(method(mouseDragged:))]
         fn mouse_dragged(&self, event: &NSEvent) {
+            let _entered = debug_span!("mouseDragged:").entered();
             self.mouse_motion(event);
         }
 
         #[unsafe(method(rightMouseDragged:))]
         fn right_mouse_dragged(&self, event: &NSEvent) {
+            let _entered = debug_span!("rightMouseDragged:").entered();
             self.mouse_motion(event);
         }
 
         #[unsafe(method(otherMouseDragged:))]
         fn other_mouse_dragged(&self, event: &NSEvent) {
+            let _entered = debug_span!("otherMouseDragged:").entered();
             self.mouse_motion(event);
         }
 
         #[unsafe(method(mouseEntered:))]
         fn mouse_entered(&self, event: &NSEvent) {
-            trace_scope!("mouseEntered:");
+            let _entered = debug_span!("mouseEntered:").entered();
 
             let position = self.mouse_view_point(event).to_physical(self.scale_factor());
 
@@ -656,7 +648,7 @@ define_class!(
 
         #[unsafe(method(mouseExited:))]
         fn mouse_exited(&self, event: &NSEvent) {
-            trace_scope!("mouseExited:");
+            let _entered = debug_span!("mouseExited:").entered();
 
             let position = self.mouse_view_point(event).to_physical(self.scale_factor());
 
@@ -670,7 +662,7 @@ define_class!(
 
         #[unsafe(method(scrollWheel:))]
         fn scroll_wheel(&self, event: &NSEvent) {
-            trace_scope!("scrollWheel:");
+            let _entered = debug_span!("scrollWheel:").entered();
 
             self.mouse_motion(event);
 
@@ -709,7 +701,7 @@ define_class!(
 
         #[unsafe(method(magnifyWithEvent:))]
         fn magnify_with_event(&self, event: &NSEvent) {
-            trace_scope!("magnifyWithEvent:");
+            let _entered = debug_span!("magnifyWithEvent:").entered();
 
             self.mouse_motion(event);
 
@@ -731,7 +723,7 @@ define_class!(
 
         #[unsafe(method(smartMagnifyWithEvent:))]
         fn smart_magnify_with_event(&self, event: &NSEvent) {
-            trace_scope!("smartMagnifyWithEvent:");
+            let _entered = debug_span!("smartMagnifyWithEvent:").entered();
 
             self.mouse_motion(event);
 
@@ -740,7 +732,7 @@ define_class!(
 
         #[unsafe(method(rotateWithEvent:))]
         fn rotate_with_event(&self, event: &NSEvent) {
-            trace_scope!("rotateWithEvent:");
+            let _entered = debug_span!("rotateWithEvent:").entered();
 
             self.mouse_motion(event);
 
@@ -762,7 +754,7 @@ define_class!(
 
         #[unsafe(method(pressureChangeWithEvent:))]
         fn pressure_change_with_event(&self, event: &NSEvent) {
-            trace_scope!("pressureChangeWithEvent:");
+            let _entered = debug_span!("pressureChangeWithEvent:").entered();
 
             self.queue_event(WindowEvent::TouchpadPressure {
                 device_id: None,
@@ -776,13 +768,13 @@ define_class!(
         // https://github.com/chromium/chromium/blob/a86a8a6bcfa438fa3ac2eba6f02b3ad1f8e0756f/ui/views/cocoa/bridged_content_view.mm#L816
         #[unsafe(method(_wantsKeyDownForEvent:))]
         fn wants_key_down_for_event(&self, _event: &NSEvent) -> bool {
-            trace_scope!("_wantsKeyDownForEvent:");
+            let _entered = debug_span!("_wantsKeyDownForEvent:").entered();
             true
         }
 
         #[unsafe(method(acceptsFirstMouse:))]
         fn accepts_first_mouse(&self, _event: &NSEvent) -> bool {
-            trace_scope!("acceptsFirstMouse:");
+            let _entered = debug_span!("acceptsFirstMouse:").entered();
             self.ivars().accepts_first_mouse
         }
     }
@@ -802,7 +794,6 @@ impl WinitView {
             ime_size: Default::default(),
             modifiers: Default::default(),
             phys_modifiers: Default::default(),
-            tracking_rect: Default::default(),
             ime_state: Default::default(),
             input_source: Default::default(),
             ime_capabilities: Default::default(),
@@ -812,9 +803,56 @@ impl WinitView {
             option_as_alt: Cell::new(option_as_alt),
         });
         let this: Retained<Self> = unsafe { msg_send![super(this), init] };
-
         *this.ivars().input_source.borrow_mut() = this.current_input_source();
 
+        // Ask AppKit to redisplay the layer while the view is being resized so layer-backed
+        // surfaces keep painting.
+        this.setLayerContentsRedrawPolicy(NSViewLayerContentsRedrawPolicy::DuringViewResize);
+
+        // `MouseEnteredAndExited` enables receiving events through `mouseEntered:` and
+        // `mouseExited:`.
+        //
+        // `MouseMoved` enables receiving events through `mouseMoved:`
+        //
+        // We do not set `CursorUpdate` because it is part of the "flexible" alternative to
+        // `cursorRect` based cursor image updates, and we currently still use
+        // `cursorRect`s. We also can't really switch to this approach because "The
+        // cursorUpdate(with:) message is not sent when the NSTrackingCursorUpdate option is
+        // specified along with [`ActiveAlways`]."
+        //
+        // `ActiveAlways` indicates we want to receive events when the window is not
+        // focused ("key window" in Cocoa terms), which matches the behavior on other
+        // platforms.
+        //
+        // We do not set `AssumeInside` because we want to avoid emitting `Left` events without a
+        // correspondering `Entered` to our consumers, and not setting this flag tells AppKit to
+        // handle this for us by synthesizing entry and exit events in some cases.
+        //
+        // `InVisibleRect` instructs the tracking area's `owner` (our `NSView`) to ignore the value
+        // we provide in `rect` and keep the tracking area's bounds up to date with the
+        // current view bounds automatically.
+        //
+        // We do not set `EnabledDuringMouseDrag` to match the platform behavior on Windows
+        // and Wayland, since neither emit events while being dragged over with an empty
+        // cursor without focus.
+        //
+        // See also https://developer.apple.com/documentation/appkit/nstrackingareaoptions.
+
+        // Safety: the type of `owner` should be `NSView` and is.
+        // The type of `user_info` is irrelevant because it is None.
+        this.addTrackingArea(&*unsafe {
+            NSTrackingArea::initWithRect_options_owner_userInfo(
+                NSTrackingArea::alloc(),
+                NSRect::ZERO,
+                NSTrackingAreaOptions::MouseEnteredAndExited
+                    | NSTrackingAreaOptions::MouseMoved
+                    | NSTrackingAreaOptions::ActiveAlways
+                    | NSTrackingAreaOptions::InVisibleRect,
+                Some(&this),
+                None,
+            )
+        });
+
         this
     }
 
@@ -829,6 +867,37 @@ impl WinitView {
         });
     }
 
+    fn surface_resized(&self) {
+        let Some(window) = (**self).window() else {
+            return;
+        };
+        let size = self.surface_size();
+        let window_id = window_id(&window);
+        self.ivars().app_state.maybe_queue_with_handler(move |app, event_loop| {
+            app.window_event(event_loop, window_id, WindowEvent::SurfaceResized(size));
+        });
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the drawable size from the view's backing-coordinate bounds.
+    pub(super) fn surface_size(&self) -> PhysicalSize<u32> {
+        // The view bounds are authoritative for full-size content views and during live resize.
+        // Deriving this from the window frame can exclude custom titlebar content or be stale.
+        let backing_bounds = self.convertRectToBacking(self.bounds());
+        PhysicalSize::new(
+            backing_bounds.size.width.round().max(0.0) as u32,
+            backing_bounds.size.height.round().max(0.0) as u32,
+        )
+    }
+
+    fn redraw_during_live_resize(&self) {
+        let Some(window) = (**self).window() else {
+            return;
+        };
+        if window.inLiveResize() {
+            self.ivars().app_state.handle_redraw(window_id(&window));
+        }
+    }
+
     fn scale_factor(&self) -> f64 {
         self.window().backingScaleFactor() as f64
     }
@@ -866,24 +935,33 @@ impl WinitView {
             false
         }
     }
+    pub(super) fn enable_ime(&self, capabilities: ImeCapabilities) {
+        // This seems reasonable but the prior behavior of `set_ime_allowed` doesn't do this
+        // (it was also broken but let's not break things worse)
 
-    pub(super) fn set_ime_allowed(&self, capabilities: Option<ImeCapabilities>) {
-        if self.ivars().ime_capabilities.get().is_some() {
-            return;
-        }
-        self.ivars().ime_capabilities.set(capabilities);
-
-        if capabilities.is_some() {
-            return;
-        }
-
-        // Clear markedText
-        *self.ivars().marked_text.borrow_mut() = NSMutableAttributedString::new();
+        // if self.ivars().ime_capabilities.get().is_none() {
+        //     self.ivars().ime_state.set(ImeState::Ground);
+        // }
 
+        // why are we disabling things in an enable fn? who knows. it's what the previous one did
+        // though
         if self.ivars().ime_state.get() != ImeState::Disabled {
             self.ivars().ime_state.set(ImeState::Disabled);
             self.queue_event(WindowEvent::Ime(Ime::Disabled));
         }
+        self.ivars().ime_capabilities.set(Some(capabilities));
+        *self.ivars().marked_text.borrow_mut() = NSMutableAttributedString::new();
+    }
+    pub(super) fn disable_ime(&self) {
+        // see above
+        self.ivars().ime_capabilities.set(None);
+        if self.ivars().ime_state.get() != ImeState::Disabled {
+            self.ivars().ime_state.set(ImeState::Disabled);
+            self.queue_event(WindowEvent::Ime(Ime::Disabled));
+        }
+        // we probably don't need to do this, but again this mirrors the prior behavior of
+        // `set_ime_allowed`
+        *self.ivars().marked_text.borrow_mut() = NSMutableAttributedString::new();
     }
 
     pub(super) fn ime_capabilities(&self) -> Option<ImeCapabilities> {
@@ -1136,3 +1214,92 @@ fn replace_event(event: &NSEvent, option_as_alt: OptionAsAlt) -> Retained<NSEven
         event.copy()
     }
 }
+
+/// Convert a UTF-16 code unit offset into the corresponding UTF-8 byte offset within `s`.
+///
+/// IMEs are not required to send well-formed offsets, so this is defensive: an offset that
+/// would split a surrogate pair is snapped down to the start of that character, and an
+/// out-of-bounds offset is clamped to the end of the string (e.g. native Pinyin sends
+/// out-of-bounds indices, see <https://github.com/alacritty/alacritty/issues/8791>).
+///
+/// The mapping is monotone non-decreasing, so applying it to the location and end of an
+/// `NSRange` (where `location <= end`) can never produce an inverted byte range.
+fn utf16_to_utf8_offset(s: &str, utf16_offset: usize) -> usize {
+    let mut utf16_pos = 0;
+    for (utf8_pos, ch) in s.char_indices() {
+        if utf16_pos >= utf16_offset {
+            return utf8_pos;
+        }
+        utf16_pos += ch.len_utf16();
+        // The target offset lands strictly inside this character's UTF-16 representation,
+        // i.e. it splits a surrogate pair: snap down to the character boundary.
+        if utf16_pos > utf16_offset {
+            return utf8_pos;
+        }
+    }
+    s.len()
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+
+    /// Apply the UTF-16 -> UTF-8 conversion to both ends of a `selectedRange {loc, len}`,
+    /// mirroring what `set_marked_text` does for the emitted `Ime::Preedit` cursor range.
+    fn convert(s: &str, loc: usize, len: usize) -> (usize, usize) {
+        (utf16_to_utf8_offset(s, loc), utf16_to_utf8_offset(s, loc + len))
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn mid_surrogate_offset_snaps_down() {
+        // "😀a": 😀 is one char = 2 UTF-16 units = 4 UTF-8 bytes; offset 1 is mid-pair.
+        assert_eq!(utf16_to_utf8_offset("\u{1F600}a", 1), 0);
+        // Offset 2 is the boundary just after the pair.
+        assert_eq!(utf16_to_utf8_offset("\u{1F600}a", 2), 4);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn no_longer_inverted() {
+        // "a😀b" with selectedRange {1,1}: previously emitted (1, 0) -- lower > upper, a
+        // slice-panic vector. The boundary-snapping conversion keeps lower <= upper.
+        assert_eq!(convert("a\u{1F600}b", 1, 1), (1, 1));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn prefix_preserved_on_mid_pair_collapse() {
+        // "a😀b" with selectedRange {2,0}: previously collapsed to (0, 0), discarding the
+        // valid "a" prefix; now snaps to the char boundary after "a".
+        assert_eq!(convert("a\u{1F600}b", 2, 0), (1, 1));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn out_of_bounds_clamps_to_len() {
+        // Subsumes the #4494 `.min(len)` clamp: an out-of-bounds offset maps to the string
+        // length instead of triggering an NSRangeException.
+        assert_eq!(convert("\u{1F600}a", 99, 0), (5, 5));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn well_formed_inputs_are_identity() {
+        // The common case (well-formed boundary indices) must be byte-for-byte unchanged.
+        assert_eq!(convert("a\u{1F600}b", 3, 0), (5, 5));
+        assert_eq!(convert("a\u{1F600}b", 4, 0), (6, 6));
+        // BMP multi-byte (Japanese): each char is 1 UTF-16 unit and 3 UTF-8 bytes.
+        assert_eq!(convert("\u{3053}\u{3093}", 1, 1), (3, 6));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn monotone_non_decreasing() {
+        // Sweep every UTF-16 offset (including out-of-bounds) over a string mixing BMP and
+        // non-BMP characters and assert the conversion never goes backwards, which is what
+        // guarantees `lower <= upper` for any `NSRange`.
+        let s = "a\u{1F600}b\u{3053}\u{1F4A9}c";
+        let mut prev = 0;
+        for off in 0..=20 {
+            let cur = utf16_to_utf8_offset(s, off);
+            assert!(cur >= prev, "non-monotone at offset {off}: {cur} < {prev}");
+            assert!(cur <= s.len(), "offset {off} mapped past end: {cur} > {}", s.len());
+            prev = cur;
+        }
+    }
+}

winit-appkit/src/window.rs

@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ use objc2::rc::{Retained, autoreleasepool};
 use objc2::{MainThreadMarker, Message, define_class};
 use objc2_app_kit::{NSPanel, NSResponder, NSWindow};
 use objc2_foundation::NSObject;
+use tracing::trace_span;
 use winit_core::cursor::Cursor;
 use winit_core::error::RequestError;
 use winit_core::icon::Icon;
@@ -350,13 +351,13 @@ define_class!(
     impl WinitWindow {
         #[unsafe(method(canBecomeMainWindow))]
         fn can_become_main_window(&self) -> bool {
-            trace_scope!("canBecomeMainWindow");
+            let _entered = trace_span!("canBecomeMainWindow").entered();
             true
         }
 
         #[unsafe(method(canBecomeKeyWindow))]
         fn can_become_key_window(&self) -> bool {
-            trace_scope!("canBecomeKeyWindow");
+            let _entered = trace_span!("canBecomeKeyWindow").entered();
             true
         }
     }
@@ -374,7 +375,7 @@ define_class!(
         // it doesn't if window doesn't have NSWindowStyleMask::Titled
         #[unsafe(method(canBecomeKeyWindow))]
         fn can_become_key_window(&self) -> bool {
-            trace_scope!("canBecomeKeyWindow");
+            let _entered = trace_span!("canBecomeKeyWindow").entered();
             true
         }
     }

winit-appkit/src/window_delegate.rs

@@ -41,7 +41,8 @@ use objc2_foundation::{
     NSObjectNSDelayedPerforming, NSObjectNSKeyValueObserverRegistration, NSObjectProtocol, NSPoint,
     NSRect, NSSize, NSString, ns_string,
 };
-use tracing::{trace, warn};
+use tracing::{debug_span, trace, warn};
+use winit_common::core_foundation::MainRunLoop;
 use winit_core::cursor::Cursor;
 use winit_core::error::{NotSupportedError, RequestError};
 use winit_core::event::{SurfaceSizeWriter, WindowEvent};
@@ -56,7 +57,6 @@ use super::app_state::AppState;
 use super::cursor::{CustomCursor, cursor_from_icon};
 use super::ffi;
 use super::monitor::{self, MonitorHandle, flip_window_screen_coordinates, get_display_id};
-use super::observer::RunLoop;
 use super::util::cgerr;
 use super::view::WinitView;
 use super::window::{WinitPanel, WinitWindow, window_id};
@@ -121,14 +121,14 @@ define_class!(
     unsafe impl NSWindowDelegate for WindowDelegate {
         #[unsafe(method(windowShouldClose:))]
         fn window_should_close(&self, _: Option<&AnyObject>) -> bool {
-            trace_scope!("windowShouldClose:");
+            let _entered = debug_span!("windowShouldClose:").entered();
             self.queue_event(WindowEvent::CloseRequested);
             false
         }
 
         #[unsafe(method(windowWillClose:))]
         fn window_will_close(&self, _: Option<&AnyObject>) {
-            trace_scope!("windowWillClose:");
+            let _entered = debug_span!("windowWillClose:").entered();
             // `setDelegate:` retains the previous value and then autoreleases it
             autoreleasepool(|_| {
                 // Since El Capitan, we need to be careful that delegate methods can't
@@ -140,14 +140,14 @@ define_class!(
 
         #[unsafe(method(windowDidResize:))]
         fn window_did_resize(&self, _: Option<&AnyObject>) {
-            trace_scope!("windowDidResize:");
+            let _entered = debug_span!("windowDidResize:").entered();
             // NOTE: WindowEvent::SurfaceResized is reported using NSViewFrameDidChangeNotification.
             self.emit_move_event();
         }
 
         #[unsafe(method(windowWillStartLiveResize:))]
         fn window_will_start_live_resize(&self, _: Option<&AnyObject>) {
-            trace_scope!("windowWillStartLiveResize:");
+            let _entered = debug_span!("windowWillStartLiveResize:").entered();
 
             let increments = self.ivars().surface_resize_increments.get();
             self.set_resize_increments_inner(increments);
@@ -155,20 +155,20 @@ define_class!(
 
         #[unsafe(method(windowDidEndLiveResize:))]
         fn window_did_end_live_resize(&self, _: Option<&AnyObject>) {
-            trace_scope!("windowDidEndLiveResize:");
+            let _entered = debug_span!("windowDidEndLiveResize:").entered();
             self.set_resize_increments_inner(NSSize::new(1., 1.));
         }
 
         // This won't be triggered if the move was part of a resize.
         #[unsafe(method(windowDidMove:))]
         fn window_did_move(&self, _: Option<&AnyObject>) {
-            trace_scope!("windowDidMove:");
+            let _entered = debug_span!("windowDidMove:").entered();
             self.emit_move_event();
         }
 
         #[unsafe(method(windowDidChangeBackingProperties:))]
         fn window_did_change_backing_properties(&self, _: Option<&AnyObject>) {
-            trace_scope!("windowDidChangeBackingProperties:");
+            let _entered = debug_span!("windowDidChangeBackingProperties:").entered();
             let scale_factor = self.scale_factor();
             if scale_factor == self.ivars().previous_scale_factor.get() {
                 return;
@@ -177,14 +177,14 @@ define_class!(
 
             let mtm = MainThreadMarker::from(self);
             let this = self.retain();
-            RunLoop::main(mtm).queue_closure(move || {
+            MainRunLoop::get(mtm).queue_closure(move || {
                 this.handle_scale_factor_changed(scale_factor);
             });
         }
 
         #[unsafe(method(windowDidBecomeKey:))]
         fn window_did_become_key(&self, _: Option<&AnyObject>) {
-            trace_scope!("windowDidBecomeKey:");
+            let _entered = debug_span!("windowDidBecomeKey:").entered();
             // TODO: center the cursor if the window had mouse grab when it
             // lost focus
             self.queue_event(WindowEvent::Focused(true));
@@ -192,7 +192,7 @@ define_class!(
 
         #[unsafe(method(windowDidResignKey:))]
         fn window_did_resign_key(&self, _: Option<&AnyObject>) {
-            trace_scope!("windowDidResignKey:");
+            let _entered = debug_span!("windowDidResignKey:").entered();
             // It happens rather often, e.g. when the user is Cmd+Tabbing, that the
             // NSWindowDelegate will receive a didResignKey event despite no event
             // being received when the modifiers are released. This is because
@@ -208,7 +208,7 @@ define_class!(
         /// Invoked when before enter fullscreen
         #[unsafe(method(windowWillEnterFullScreen:))]
         fn window_will_enter_fullscreen(&self, _: Option<&AnyObject>) {
-            trace_scope!("windowWillEnterFullScreen:");
+            let _entered = debug_span!("windowWillEnterFullScreen:").entered();
 
             self.ivars().maximized.set(self.is_zoomed());
             let mut fullscreen = self.ivars().fullscreen.borrow_mut();
@@ -236,7 +236,7 @@ define_class!(
         /// Invoked when before exit fullscreen
         #[unsafe(method(windowWillExitFullScreen:))]
         fn window_will_exit_fullscreen(&self, _: Option<&AnyObject>) {
-            trace_scope!("windowWillExitFullScreen:");
+            let _entered = debug_span!("windowWillExitFullScreen:").entered();
 
             self.ivars().in_fullscreen_transition.set(true);
         }
@@ -247,7 +247,7 @@ define_class!(
             _: Option<&AnyObject>,
             proposed_options: NSApplicationPresentationOptions,
         ) -> NSApplicationPresentationOptions {
-            trace_scope!("window:willUseFullScreenPresentationOptions:");
+            let _entered = debug_span!("window:willUseFullScreenPresentationOptions:").entered();
             // Generally, games will want to disable the menu bar and the dock. Ideally,
             // this would be configurable by the user. Unfortunately because of our
             // `CGShieldingWindowLevel() + 1` hack (see `set_fullscreen`), our window is
@@ -270,7 +270,7 @@ define_class!(
         /// Invoked when entered fullscreen
         #[unsafe(method(windowDidEnterFullScreen:))]
         fn window_did_enter_fullscreen(&self, _: Option<&AnyObject>) {
-            trace_scope!("windowDidEnterFullScreen:");
+            let _entered = debug_span!("windowDidEnterFullScreen:").entered();
             self.ivars().initial_fullscreen.set(false);
             self.ivars().in_fullscreen_transition.set(false);
             if let Some(target_fullscreen) = self.ivars().target_fullscreen.take() {
@@ -281,7 +281,7 @@ define_class!(
         /// Invoked when exited fullscreen
         #[unsafe(method(windowDidExitFullScreen:))]
         fn window_did_exit_fullscreen(&self, _: Option<&AnyObject>) {
-            trace_scope!("windowDidExitFullScreen:");
+            let _entered = debug_span!("windowDidExitFullScreen:").entered();
 
             self.restore_state_from_fullscreen();
             self.ivars().in_fullscreen_transition.set(false);
@@ -308,7 +308,7 @@ define_class!(
         /// work you may have done to prepare to enter full-screen mode.
         #[unsafe(method(windowDidFailToEnterFullScreen:))]
         fn window_did_fail_to_enter_fullscreen(&self, _: Option<&AnyObject>) {
-            trace_scope!("windowDidFailToEnterFullScreen:");
+            let _entered = debug_span!("windowDidFailToEnterFullScreen:").entered();
             self.ivars().in_fullscreen_transition.set(false);
             self.ivars().target_fullscreen.replace(None);
             if self.ivars().initial_fullscreen.get() {
@@ -327,14 +327,28 @@ define_class!(
         // Invoked when the occlusion state of the window changes
         #[unsafe(method(windowDidChangeOcclusionState:))]
         fn window_did_change_occlusion_state(&self, _: Option<&AnyObject>) {
-            trace_scope!("windowDidChangeOcclusionState:");
+            let _entered = debug_span!("windowDidChangeOcclusionState:").entered();
             let visible = self.window().occlusionState().contains(NSWindowOcclusionState::Visible);
             self.queue_event(WindowEvent::Occluded(!visible));
+
+            // We do this here rather than in `window:willUseFullScreenPresentationOptions`
+            // because doing it there leaves the menu bar interactable despite being hidden.
+            // Moving it here produces the most consistent results.
+            if self.is_borderless_game()
+                && matches!(*self.ivars().fullscreen.borrow(), Some(Fullscreen::Borderless(_)))
+            {
+                let mtm = MainThreadMarker::from(self);
+                let app = NSApplication::sharedApplication(mtm);
+                app.setPresentationOptions(
+                    NSApplicationPresentationOptions::HideDock
+                        | NSApplicationPresentationOptions::HideMenuBar,
+                );
+            }
         }
 
         #[unsafe(method(windowDidChangeScreen:))]
         fn window_did_change_screen(&self, _: Option<&AnyObject>) {
-            trace_scope!("windowDidChangeScreen:");
+            let _entered = debug_span!("windowDidChangeScreen:").entered();
             let is_simple_fullscreen = self.ivars().is_simple_fullscreen.get();
             if is_simple_fullscreen {
                 if let Some(screen) = self.window().screen() {
@@ -348,7 +362,7 @@ define_class!(
         /// Invoked when the dragged image enters destination bounds or frame
         #[unsafe(method(draggingEntered:))]
         fn dragging_entered(&self, sender: &ProtocolObject<dyn NSDraggingInfo>) -> bool {
-            trace_scope!("draggingEntered:");
+            let _entered = debug_span!("draggingEntered:").entered();
 
             use std::path::PathBuf;
 
@@ -379,7 +393,7 @@ define_class!(
 
         #[unsafe(method(wantsPeriodicDraggingUpdates))]
         fn wants_periodic_dragging_updates(&self) -> bool {
-            trace_scope!("wantsPeriodicDraggingUpdates:");
+            let _entered = debug_span!("wantsPeriodicDraggingUpdates:").entered();
             true
         }
 
@@ -387,7 +401,7 @@ define_class!(
         /// modification of the dragging operation or mouse-pointer position.
         #[unsafe(method(draggingUpdated:))]
         fn dragging_updated(&self, sender: &ProtocolObject<dyn NSDraggingInfo>) -> bool {
-            trace_scope!("draggingUpdated:");
+            let _entered = debug_span!("draggingUpdated:").entered();
 
             let dl = sender.draggingLocation();
             let dl = self.view().convertPoint_fromView(dl, None);
@@ -402,14 +416,14 @@ define_class!(
         /// Invoked when the image is released
         #[unsafe(method(prepareForDragOperation:))]
         fn prepare_for_drag_operation(&self, _sender: &NSObject) -> bool {
-            trace_scope!("prepareForDragOperation:");
+            let _entered = debug_span!("prepareForDragOperation:").entered();
             true
         }
 
         /// Invoked after the released image has been removed from the screen
         #[unsafe(method(performDragOperation:))]
         fn perform_drag_operation(&self, sender: &ProtocolObject<dyn NSDraggingInfo>) -> bool {
-            trace_scope!("performDragOperation:");
+            let _entered = debug_span!("performDragOperation:").entered();
 
             use std::path::PathBuf;
 
@@ -441,13 +455,13 @@ define_class!(
         /// Invoked when the dragging operation is complete
         #[unsafe(method(concludeDragOperation:))]
         fn conclude_drag_operation(&self, _sender: Option<&NSObject>) {
-            trace_scope!("concludeDragOperation:");
+            let _entered = debug_span!("concludeDragOperation:").entered();
         }
 
         /// Invoked when the dragging operation is cancelled
         #[unsafe(method(draggingExited:))]
         fn dragging_exited(&self, sender: Option<&ProtocolObject<dyn NSDraggingInfo>>) {
-            trace_scope!("draggingExited:");
+            let _entered = debug_span!("draggingExited:").entered();
 
             let position = sender.map(|sender| {
                 let dl = sender.draggingLocation();
@@ -469,7 +483,7 @@ define_class!(
             change: Option<&NSDictionary<NSKeyValueChangeKey, AnyObject>>,
             _context: *mut c_void,
         ) {
-            trace_scope!("observeValueForKeyPath:ofObject:change:context:");
+            let _entered = debug_span!("observeValueForKeyPath:ofObject:change:context:").entered();
             // NOTE: We don't _really_ need to check the key path, as there should only be one, but
             // in the future we might want to observe other key paths.
             if key_path == Some(ns_string!("effectiveAppearance")) {
@@ -898,10 +912,7 @@ impl WindowDelegate {
     fn handle_scale_factor_changed(&self, scale_factor: CGFloat) {
         let window = self.window();
 
-        let content_size = window.contentRectForFrameRect(window.frame()).size;
-        let content_size = LogicalSize::new(content_size.width, content_size.height);
-
-        let suggested_size = content_size.to_physical(scale_factor);
+        let suggested_size = self.view().surface_size();
         let new_surface_size = Arc::new(Mutex::new(suggested_size));
         self.queue_event(WindowEvent::ScaleFactorChanged {
             scale_factor,
@@ -1026,9 +1037,7 @@ impl WindowDelegate {
 
     #[inline]
     pub fn surface_size(&self) -> PhysicalSize<u32> {
-        let content_rect = self.window().contentRectForFrameRect(self.window().frame());
-        let logical = LogicalSize::new(content_rect.size.width, content_rect.size.height);
-        logical.to_physical(self.scale_factor())
+        self.view().surface_size()
     }
 
     #[inline]
@@ -1534,7 +1543,7 @@ impl WindowDelegate {
         }
 
         match (old_fullscreen, fullscreen) {
-            (None, Some(fullscreen)) => {
+            (None, Some(_)) => {
                 // `toggleFullScreen` doesn't work if the `StyleMask` is none, so we
                 // set a normal style temporarily. The previous state will be
                 // restored in `WindowDelegate::window_did_exit_fullscreen`.
@@ -1545,16 +1554,6 @@ impl WindowDelegate {
                     self.ivars().saved_style.set(Some(curr_mask));
                 }
 
-                // In borderless games, we want to disable the dock and menu bar
-                // by setting the presentation options. We do this here rather than in
-                // `window:willUseFullScreenPresentationOptions` because for some reason
-                // the menu bar remains interactable despite being hidden.
-                if self.is_borderless_game() && matches!(fullscreen, Fullscreen::Borderless(_)) {
-                    let presentation_options = NSApplicationPresentationOptions::HideDock
-                        | NSApplicationPresentationOptions::HideMenuBar;
-                    app.setPresentationOptions(presentation_options);
-                }
-
                 toggle_fullscreen(self.window());
             },
             (Some(Fullscreen::Borderless(_)), None) => {
@@ -1682,7 +1681,7 @@ impl WindowDelegate {
                 if current_caps.is_some() {
                     return Err(ImeRequestError::AlreadyEnabled);
                 }
-                self.view().set_ime_allowed(Some(capabilities));
+                self.view().enable_ime(capabilities);
                 request_data
             },
             ImeRequest::Update(request_data) => {
@@ -1692,7 +1691,7 @@ impl WindowDelegate {
                 request_data
             },
             ImeRequest::Disable => {
-                self.view().set_ime_allowed(None);
+                self.view().disable_ime();
                 return Ok(());
             },
         };

winit-common/Cargo.toml

@@ -18,7 +18,10 @@ x11 = ["xkbcommon-dl?/x11", "dep:x11-dl"]
 xkb = ["dep:xkbcommon-dl", "dep:smol_str"]
 
 # CoreFoundation
-core-foundation = ["dep:objc2", "dep:objc2-core-foundation"]
+core-foundation = ["dep:block2", "dep:objc2", "dep:objc2-core-foundation"]
+
+# Foundation
+foundation = ["dep:block2", "dep:objc2", "dep:objc2-foundation"]
 
 [dependencies]
 smol_str = { workspace = true, optional = true }
@@ -30,13 +33,23 @@ memmap2 = { workspace = true, optional = true }
 x11-dl = { workspace = true, optional = true }
 xkbcommon-dl = { workspace = true, optional = true }
 
-# CoreFoundation
+# Foundation / CoreFoundation
+block2 = { workspace = true, optional = true }
 objc2 = { workspace = true, optional = true }
 objc2-core-foundation = { workspace = true, optional = true, features = [
     "std",
+    "block2",
+    "objc2",
     "CFRunLoop",
     "CFString",
 ] }
+objc2-foundation = { workspace = true, optional = true, features = [
+    "std",
+    "block2",
+    "NSNotification",
+    "NSString",
+    "NSOperation",
+] }
 
 [package.metadata.docs.rs]
 all-features = true

winit-common/src/core_foundation/main_run_loop.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,136 @@
+//! Various utilities for interfacing with the main run loop.
+//!
+//! These allow for using closures without the `Send + Sync` requirement that is otherwise required
+//! when interfacing with run loops.
+//!
+//! See also <https://github.com/madsmtm/objc2/issues/696> for work on this at a lower level.
+
+use std::cell::Cell;
+
+use objc2::MainThreadMarker;
+use objc2_core_foundation::{CFRetained, CFRunLoop, CFRunLoopMode, kCFRunLoopDefaultMode};
+use tracing::{Span, error};
+
+use super::MainRunLoopObserver;
+
+/// Wrapper around [`CFRunLoop::main`].
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub struct MainRunLoop {
+    /// This is on the main thread.
+    _mtm: MainThreadMarker,
+    /// A cached reference to the main run loop.
+    main_run_loop: CFRetained<CFRunLoop>,
+}
+
+impl MainRunLoop {
+    /// Get the main run loop.
+    pub fn get(_mtm: MainThreadMarker) -> Self {
+        let main_run_loop = CFRunLoop::main().unwrap();
+        Self { _mtm, main_run_loop }
+    }
+
+    /// Get a reference to the underlying [`CFRunLoop`].
+    pub fn run_loop(&self) -> &CFRunLoop {
+        &self.main_run_loop
+    }
+
+    /// Wake the main run loop.
+    pub fn wake_up(&self) {
+        self.main_run_loop.wake_up();
+    }
+
+    /// Submit a closure to run on the main thread as the next step in the run loop, before other
+    /// event sources are processed.
+    ///
+    /// This is used for running event handlers, as those are not allowed to run re-entrantly.
+    ///
+    /// # Implementation
+    ///
+    /// This queuing could be implemented in the following several ways with subtle differences in
+    /// timing. This list is sorted in rough order in which they are run:
+    ///
+    /// 1. Using `CFRunLoopPerformBlock` or `-[NSRunLoop performBlock:]` to queue a closure to run
+    ///    the next time runloop sources are processed.
+    ///
+    /// 2. Using `-[NSObject performSelectorOnMainThread:withObject:waitUntilDone:]` or wrapping the
+    ///    event in `NSEvent` and posting that to `-[NSApplication postEvent:atStart:]` (both
+    ///    creates a custom `CFRunLoopSource`, and signals that to wake up the main event loop).
+    ///
+    ///    a. `atStart = true`.
+    ///
+    ///    b. `atStart = false`.
+    ///
+    /// 3. `dispatch_async` or `dispatch_async_f`. Note that this may appear before 2b, it does not
+    ///    respect the ordering that runloop events have.
+    ///
+    /// We choose the first one, both for ease-of-implementation, but mostly for consistency, as we
+    /// want the event to be queued in a way that preserves the order the events originally arrived
+    /// in.
+    ///
+    /// As an example, let's assume that we receive two events from the user, a mouse click which we
+    /// handled by queuing it, and a window resize which we handled immediately. If we allowed
+    /// AppKit to choose the ordering when queuing the mouse event, it might get put in the back of
+    /// the queue, and the events would appear out of order to the user of Winit. So we must instead
+    /// put the event at the very front of the queue, to be handled as soon as possible after
+    /// handling whatever event it's currently handling.
+    pub fn queue_closure(&self, closure: impl FnOnce() + 'static) {
+        // We use this to run a closure asynchronously at a later point, so it also makes sense to
+        // re-enter the current span when running the queued closure.
+        let span = Span::current();
+
+        // Convert `FnOnce()` to `Block<dyn Fn()>`.
+        let closure = Cell::new(Some(closure));
+        let block = block2::RcBlock::new(move || {
+            // Running this block happens inside a `CFRunLoopSource`, but the spans that we emit for
+            // that are (intentionally) overwritten by entering the span from before.
+            let _enter = span.enter();
+
+            debug_assert!(MainThreadMarker::new().is_some());
+            if let Some(closure) = closure.take() {
+                closure()
+            } else {
+                error!("tried to execute queued closure on main thread twice");
+            }
+        });
+
+        // There are a few common modes (`kCFRunLoopCommonModes`) defined by Cocoa:
+        // - `NSDefaultRunLoopMode`, alias of `kCFRunLoopDefaultMode`.
+        // - `NSEventTrackingRunLoopMode`, used when mouse-dragging and live-resizing a window.
+        // - `NSModalPanelRunLoopMode`, used when running a modal inside the Winit event loop.
+        // - `NSConnectionReplyMode`: TODO.
+        //
+        // We only want to run event handlers in the default mode, as we support running a blocking
+        // modal inside a Winit event handler (see [#1779]) which outrules the modal panel mode, and
+        // resizing such panel window enters the event tracking run loop mode, so we can't directly
+        // trigger events inside that mode either.
+        //
+        // Any events that are queued while running a modal or when live-resizing will instead wait,
+        // and be delivered to the application afterwards.
+        //
+        // [#1779]: https://github.com/rust-windowing/winit/issues/1779
+        let mode = unsafe { kCFRunLoopDefaultMode.unwrap() };
+
+        let _ = self._mtm;
+        // SAFETY: The runloop is valid, the mode is a `CFStringRef`, and the block is `'static`.
+        //
+        // Additionally, we have a `MainThreadMarker` here, which means we know we're on the main
+        // thread. We also know that the run loop is the main-thread run loop, so scheduling a
+        // non-`Send` block to that is allowed.
+        unsafe { self.main_run_loop.perform_block(Some(mode), Some(&block)) }
+    }
+
+    /// Add an observer to the main run loop.
+    pub fn add_observer(&self, observer: &MainRunLoopObserver, mode: &CFRunLoopMode) {
+        // Accessing the `MainObserver`'s observer is fine here, since we're adding it to the main
+        // run loop (which is on the same thread that the observer was created on).
+        self.main_run_loop.add_observer(Some(&observer.observer), Some(mode));
+    }
+
+    /// Remove an observer from the main run loop.
+    ///
+    /// This is also done automatically when the [`MainRunLoopObserver`] is dropped.
+    pub fn remove_observer(&self, observer: &MainRunLoopObserver, mode: &CFRunLoopMode) {
+        // Same as in `add_observer`, accessing the main loop's observer is fine.
+        self.main_run_loop.add_observer(Some(&observer.observer), Some(mode));
+    }
+}

winit-common/src/core_foundation/main_run_loop_observer.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+use block2::RcBlock;
+use objc2::MainThreadMarker;
+use objc2_core_foundation::{
+    CFIndex, CFRetained, CFRunLoopActivity, CFRunLoopObserver, kCFAllocatorDefault,
+};
+
+/// A [`CFRunLoopObserver`] on the main thread.
+///
+/// This type has "ownership" semantics, and invalidates the observer when dropped.
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub struct MainRunLoopObserver {
+    /// This must be private, otherwise the user might add it to an arbitrary run loop (but this
+    /// observer is not designed to only be on the main thread).
+    pub(crate) observer: CFRetained<CFRunLoopObserver>,
+}
+
+impl MainRunLoopObserver {
+    /// Create a new run loop observer that observes the main run loop.
+    pub fn new(
+        mtm: MainThreadMarker,
+        activities: CFRunLoopActivity,
+        repeats: bool,
+        // The lower the value, the sooner this will run (inverse of a "priority").
+        order: CFIndex,
+        callback: impl Fn(CFRunLoopActivity) + 'static,
+    ) -> Self {
+        let block = RcBlock::new(move |_: *mut _, activity| {
+            debug_assert!(MainThreadMarker::new().is_some());
+            callback(activity)
+        });
+
+        let _ = mtm;
+        // SAFETY: The callback is not Send + Sync, which would normally be unsound, but since we
+        // restrict the callback to only ever be on the main thread (by taking `MainThreadMarker`,
+        // and in `MainRunLoop::add_observer`), the callback doesn't have to be thread safe.
+        let observer = unsafe {
+            CFRunLoopObserver::with_handler(
+                kCFAllocatorDefault,
+                activities.0,
+                repeats,
+                order,
+                Some(&block),
+            )
+        }
+        .unwrap();
+
+        Self { observer }
+    }
+}
+
+impl Drop for MainRunLoopObserver {
+    fn drop(&mut self) {
+        self.observer.invalidate();
+    }
+}

winit-common/src/core_foundation/mod.rs

@@ -1,3 +1,14 @@
-mod event_loop_proxy;
+//! Various wrappers around [`CFRunLoop`][objc2_core_foundation::CFRunLoop].
+//!
+//! See Apple's documentation on Run Loops for details:
+//! <https://developer.apple.com/library/archive/documentation/Cocoa/Conceptual/Multithreading/RunLoopManagement/RunLoopManagement.html>
 
-pub use event_loop_proxy::*;
+mod event_loop_proxy;
+mod main_run_loop;
+mod main_run_loop_observer;
+mod tracing_observers;
+
+pub use self::event_loop_proxy::*;
+pub use self::main_run_loop::*;
+pub use self::main_run_loop_observer::*;
+pub use self::tracing_observers::*;

winit-common/src/core_foundation/tracing_observers.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,146 @@
+use std::cell::RefCell;
+use std::rc::Rc;
+
+use objc2::MainThreadMarker;
+use objc2_core_foundation::{CFIndex, CFRunLoop, CFRunLoopActivity, kCFRunLoopDefaultMode};
+use tracing::span::EnteredSpan;
+use tracing::{Level, error, field, span_enabled, trace_span};
+
+use crate::core_foundation::MainRunLoopObserver;
+
+/// Create two run loop observers that add TRACE-level [spans][tracing::span].
+///
+/// This is useful when debugging run loops, it makes it easier to see in which run loop activity an
+/// event is triggered inside (if any).
+///
+/// When debugging these interactions, it can also be useful to configure your tracing subscriber
+/// with `.with_span_events(tracing_subscriber::fmt::format::FmtSpan::ACTIVE)` to emit events upon
+/// entering and exiting these stages.
+pub fn tracing_observers(
+    mtm: MainThreadMarker,
+) -> Option<(MainRunLoopObserver, MainRunLoopObserver)> {
+    // Observers are a bit costly, so don't create them if the tracing-level for this module is
+    // configured to disable them.
+    if !span_enabled!(Level::TRACE) {
+        return None;
+    }
+
+    /// The state that we think the runloop is currently in.
+    ///
+    /// The order of activities we observe if waiting twice looks something like:
+    /// - CFRunLoopActivity::Entry
+    /// - CFRunLoopActivity::BeforeTimers
+    /// - CFRunLoopActivity::BeforeSources
+    /// - CFRunLoopActivity::BeforeWaiting
+    /// - CFRunLoopActivity::AfterWaiting
+    /// - CFRunLoopActivity::BeforeTimers
+    /// - CFRunLoopActivity::BeforeSources
+    /// - CFRunLoopActivity::BeforeWaiting
+    /// - CFRunLoopActivity::AfterWaiting
+    /// - CFRunLoopActivity::Exit
+    ///
+    /// And if not waiting, it looks something like:
+    /// - CFRunLoopActivity::Entry
+    /// - CFRunLoopActivity::BeforeTimers
+    /// - CFRunLoopActivity::BeforeSources
+    /// - CFRunLoopActivity::Exit
+    #[derive(Default)]
+    #[allow(unused)] // EnteredSpans are kept around
+    enum RunLoopState {
+        /// Currently processing `Entry`/`Exit` observers.
+        #[default]
+        Entered,
+        /// Currently processing timers or `BeforeTimers` observers.
+        Timers(EnteredSpan),
+        /// Currently processing sources or `BeforeSources` observers.
+        Sources(EnteredSpan),
+        /// Currently waiting or processing `BeforeWaiting`/`AfterWaiting` observers.
+        Waiting(EnteredSpan),
+    }
+
+    // A list of currently entered (outer) spans and their state.
+    //
+    // This is a list because runloops can be run recursively.
+    let spans: Rc<RefCell<Vec<(EnteredSpan, RunLoopState)>>> = Rc::new(RefCell::new(Vec::new()));
+    let spans_clone = Rc::clone(&spans);
+
+    // An observer at the start of run loop activities.
+    let activities = CFRunLoopActivity::Entry
+        | CFRunLoopActivity::BeforeTimers
+        | CFRunLoopActivity::BeforeSources
+        | CFRunLoopActivity::BeforeWaiting;
+    let start = MainRunLoopObserver::new(mtm, activities, true, CFIndex::MIN, move |activity| {
+        match activity {
+            // Add an outer span for each runloop iteration.
+            CFRunLoopActivity::Entry => {
+                let span = trace_span!("inside runloop", mode = field::Empty);
+
+                // Get the mode dynamically, the observer may added to multiple different modes.
+                let mode = CFRunLoop::current().unwrap().current_mode().unwrap();
+                // Mode isn't interesting if it's the default mode.
+                if &*mode != unsafe { kCFRunLoopDefaultMode }.unwrap() {
+                    span.record("mode", field::display(mode));
+                }
+
+                let entered = span.entered();
+                spans.borrow_mut().push((entered, RunLoopState::Entered));
+            },
+
+            // Add inner spans that help inspecting the state the runloop is in.
+            CFRunLoopActivity::BeforeTimers => {
+                if let Some((_, state)) = spans.borrow_mut().last_mut() {
+                    *state = RunLoopState::Entered; // Drop any previous spans.
+                    *state = RunLoopState::Timers(trace_span!("processing timers").entered());
+                } else {
+                    error!("unbalanced observer invocations");
+                }
+            },
+            CFRunLoopActivity::BeforeSources => {
+                if let Some((_, state)) = spans.borrow_mut().last_mut() {
+                    *state = RunLoopState::Entered; // Drop any previous spans.
+                    *state = RunLoopState::Sources(trace_span!("processing sources").entered());
+                } else {
+                    error!("unbalanced observer invocations");
+                }
+            },
+            CFRunLoopActivity::BeforeWaiting => {
+                if let Some((_, state)) = spans.borrow_mut().last_mut() {
+                    *state = RunLoopState::Entered; // Drop any previous spans.
+                    *state = RunLoopState::Waiting(trace_span!("waiting").entered());
+                } else {
+                    error!("unbalanced observer invocations");
+                }
+            },
+
+            activity => unreachable!("unexpected activity: {activity:?}"),
+        }
+    });
+
+    // An observer at the end of run loop activities.
+    let activities = CFRunLoopActivity::AfterWaiting | CFRunLoopActivity::Exit;
+    let end = MainRunLoopObserver::new(mtm, activities, true, CFIndex::MAX, move |activity| {
+        match activity {
+            CFRunLoopActivity::AfterWaiting => {
+                if let Some((_, state)) = spans_clone.borrow_mut().last_mut() {
+                    // Transition from the waiting state to the initial state.
+                    *state = RunLoopState::Entered;
+                } else {
+                    error!("unbalanced observer invocations");
+                }
+            },
+
+            CFRunLoopActivity::Exit => {
+                if let Some((span, state)) = spans_clone.borrow_mut().pop() {
+                    drop(state); // Explicitly exit and drop inner span.
+                    drop(span); // Explicitly exit and drop outer span.
+                } else {
+                    error!("unbalanced observer invocations");
+                }
+            },
+
+            activity => unreachable!("unexpected activity: {activity:?}"),
+        }
+    });
+
+    Some((start, end))
+}

winit-common/src/event_handler.rs

@@ -79,6 +79,10 @@ impl EventHandler {
                         // Allowed, happens if the handler was cleared manually
                         // elsewhere (such as in `applicationWillTerminate:`).
                     },
+                    // We use `eprintln!` here over `tracing::error!`, since we're going to abort
+                    // immediately after this, and it'd be annoying for the user if they didn't get
+                    // any feedback on that if they don't have a tracing subscriber.
+                    #[allow(clippy::disallowed_macros)]
                     Err(_) => {
                         // Note: This is not expected to ever happen, this
                         // module generally controls the `RefCell`, and

winit-common/src/foundation/mod.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+mod notification_center;
+
+pub use self::notification_center::*;

winit-common/src/foundation/notification_center.rs

@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-// NOTE: This is symlinked to be contained in both the AppKit and UIKit implementations.
 use std::ptr::NonNull;
 
 use block2::RcBlock;
@@ -12,7 +11,7 @@ use objc2_foundation::{
 ///
 /// This is used in Winit as an alternative to declaring an application delegate, as we want to
 /// give the user full control over those.
-pub(crate) fn create_observer(
+pub fn create_observer(
     center: &NSNotificationCenter,
     name: &NSNotificationName,
     handler: impl Fn(&NSNotification) + 'static,

winit-common/src/lib.rs

@@ -4,5 +4,7 @@
 pub mod core_foundation;
 #[cfg(feature = "event-handler")]
 pub mod event_handler;
+#[cfg(feature = "foundation")]
+pub mod foundation;
 #[cfg(feature = "xkb")]
 pub mod xkb;

winit-core/src/event.rs

@@ -156,6 +156,8 @@ pub enum WindowEvent {
     Ime(Ime),
 
     /// The pointer has moved on the window.
+    ///
+    /// Should be emitted regardless of window focus.
     PointerMoved {
         device_id: Option<DeviceId>,
 
@@ -184,6 +186,8 @@ pub enum WindowEvent {
     },
 
     /// The pointer has entered the window.
+    ///
+    /// Should be emitted regardless of window focus.
     PointerEntered {
         device_id: Option<DeviceId>,
 
@@ -209,6 +213,8 @@ pub enum WindowEvent {
     },
 
     /// The pointer has left the window.
+    ///
+    /// Should be emitted regardless of window focus.
     PointerLeft {
         device_id: Option<DeviceId>,
 
@@ -263,6 +269,20 @@ pub enum WindowEvent {
         button: ButtonSource,
     },
 
+    /// Multi-finger hold gesture on the touchpad or touchscreen without movement.
+    ///
+    /// The `phase` field indicates the lifecycle of the hold gesture:
+    /// - `Started`: One or more fingers are in contact with the touchpad/touchscreen.
+    /// - `Ended`: All fingers have been lifted from the touchpad/touchscreen.
+    /// - `Cancelled`: The hold gesture was interrupted, for example when another finger touches the
+    ///   touchpad (causing a new `Started` event with more fingers), or when movement begins and
+    ///   transitions to other gestures like pinch, pan, or rotation.
+    ///
+    /// ## Platform-specific
+    ///
+    /// - Only available on **Wayland**.
+    HoldGesture { device_id: Option<DeviceId>, phase: TouchPhase },
+
     /// Two-finger pinch gesture, often used for magnification.
     ///
     /// ## Platform-specific
@@ -516,6 +536,19 @@ impl From<PointerSource> for PointerKind {
 /// system.
 #[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq)]
 pub enum ButtonSource {
+    /// ## Platform-specific
+    ///
+    /// ### macOS
+    ///
+    /// Users may expect holding [<kbd>CTRL</kbd>](ModifiersState::CONTROL) while
+    /// clicking [`MouseButton::Left`] to result in a "secondary" click, but the way these
+    /// clicks behave natively is slightly different from how a physical secondary
+    /// button press would, depending on the content under the cursor when clicked. If
+    /// applications want this behavior they should implement it themselves by interpreting
+    /// [`Left`](MouseButton::Left) clicks as secondary when
+    /// [<kbd>CTRL</kbd>](ModifiersState::CONTROL) is held and their internal logic deems it
+    /// appropriate for the content under the pointer.
+    /// See also https://github.com/rust-windowing/winit/issues/4469.
     Mouse(MouseButton),
     /// See [`PointerSource::Touch`] for more details.
     ///
@@ -791,7 +824,7 @@ pub struct KeyEvent {
     ///
     /// ## Platform-specific
     ///
-    /// - **Android:** Unimplemented, this field is always the same value as `text`.
+    /// - **Android:** This field is always the same value as `text`.
     /// - **iOS:** Unimplemented, this field is always the same value as `text`.
     /// - **Web:** Unsupported, this field is always the same value as `text`.
     pub text_with_all_modifiers: Option<SmolStr>,
@@ -987,9 +1020,17 @@ pub enum Ime {
 #[derive(Debug, Hash, PartialEq, Eq, Clone, Copy)]
 #[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
 pub enum TouchPhase {
+    /// Initial touch contact or gesture start, for example when one or more fingers touch the
+    /// screen or touchpad.
     Started,
+    /// The touch contact point changed, for example without lifting the finger.
     Moved,
+    /// All touch contact points have been lifted from the touchscreen or touchpad.
+    ///
+    /// This event is important as it should clear any state or event in flight that was
+    /// generated by the preceding `Started` and `Moved` events.
     Ended,
+    /// The event was cancelled and should cancel any event in flight and clear state.
     Cancelled,
 }
 

winit-core/src/event_loop/mod.rs

@@ -176,11 +176,11 @@ pub trait EventLoopProxyProvider: Send + Sync + Debug {
 /// - A reference-counted pointer to the underlying type.
 #[derive(Clone)]
 pub struct OwnedDisplayHandle {
-    pub(crate) handle: Arc<dyn HasDisplayHandle>,
+    pub(crate) handle: Arc<dyn HasDisplayHandle + Send + Sync>,
 }
 
 impl OwnedDisplayHandle {
-    pub fn new(handle: Arc<dyn HasDisplayHandle>) -> Self {
+    pub fn new(handle: Arc<dyn HasDisplayHandle + Send + Sync>) -> Self {
         Self { handle }
     }
 }

winit-core/src/keyboard.rs

@@ -29,11 +29,13 @@ pub enum NativeKeyCode {
     Windows(u16),
     /// An XKB "keycode".
     Xkb(u32),
+    /// An OpenHarmony "scancode".
+    Ohos(u32),
 }
 
 impl std::fmt::Debug for NativeKeyCode {
     fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
-        use NativeKeyCode::{Android, MacOS, Unidentified, Windows, Xkb};
+        use NativeKeyCode::{Android, MacOS, Ohos, Unidentified, Windows, Xkb};
         let mut debug_tuple;
         match self {
             Unidentified => {
@@ -55,6 +57,10 @@ impl std::fmt::Debug for NativeKeyCode {
                 debug_tuple = f.debug_tuple("Xkb");
                 debug_tuple.field(&format_args!("0x{code:04X}"));
             },
+            Ohos(code) => {
+                debug_tuple = f.debug_tuple("OpenHarmony");
+                debug_tuple.field(&format_args!("0x{code:04X}"));
+            },
         }
         debug_tuple.finish()
     }
@@ -85,11 +91,13 @@ pub enum NativeKey {
     Xkb(u32),
     /// A "key value string".
     Web(SmolStr),
+    /// An OpenHarmony "keycode", which is similar to a "virtual-key code" on Windows.
+    Ohos(u32),
 }
 
 impl std::fmt::Debug for NativeKey {
     fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
-        use NativeKey::{Android, MacOS, Unidentified, Web, Windows, Xkb};
+        use NativeKey::{Android, MacOS, Ohos, Unidentified, Web, Windows, Xkb};
         let mut debug_tuple;
         match self {
             Unidentified => {
@@ -115,6 +123,10 @@ impl std::fmt::Debug for NativeKey {
                 debug_tuple = f.debug_tuple("Web");
                 debug_tuple.field(code);
             },
+            Ohos(code) => {
+                debug_tuple = f.debug_tuple("OpenHarmony");
+                debug_tuple.field(code);
+            },
         }
         debug_tuple.finish()
     }
@@ -129,6 +141,7 @@ impl From<NativeKeyCode> for NativeKey {
             NativeKeyCode::MacOS(x) => NativeKey::MacOS(x),
             NativeKeyCode::Windows(x) => NativeKey::Windows(x),
             NativeKeyCode::Xkb(x) => NativeKey::Xkb(x),
+            NativeKeyCode::Ohos(x) => NativeKey::Ohos(x),
         }
     }
 }

winit-core/src/window.rs

@@ -834,7 +834,7 @@ pub trait Window: AsAny + Send + Sync + fmt::Debug {
     ///
     /// ## Platform-specific
     ///
-    /// - **iOS / Android / Web / Wayland / Orbital:** Always returns [`None`].
+    /// - **iOS / Android / Web / Orbital:** Always returns [`None`].
     fn surface_resize_increments(&self) -> Option<PhysicalSize<u32>>;
 
     /// Sets resize increments of the surface.
@@ -846,7 +846,6 @@ pub trait Window: AsAny + Send + Sync + fmt::Debug {
     ///
     /// - **macOS:** Increments are converted to logical size and then macOS rounds them to whole
     ///   numbers.
-    /// - **Wayland:** Not implemented.
     /// - **iOS / Android / Web / Orbital:** Unsupported.
     fn set_surface_resize_increments(&self, increments: Option<Size>);
 
@@ -881,7 +880,8 @@ pub trait Window: AsAny + Send + Sync + fmt::Debug {
     /// ## Platform-specific
     ///
     /// - **Android / iOS / X11 / Web / Windows:** Unsupported.
-    /// - **Wayland:** Only works with org_kde_kwin_blur_manager protocol.
+    /// - **Wayland:** Only works with `org_kde_kwin_blur_manager` or
+    ///   `ext_background_effect_manager_v1` protocol.
     fn set_blur(&self, blur: bool);
 
     /// Modifies the window's visibility.
@@ -1691,6 +1691,22 @@ pub enum ImeSurroundingTextError {
     AnchorBadPosition,
 }
 
+impl fmt::Display for ImeSurroundingTextError {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
+        match self {
+            ImeSurroundingTextError::TextTooLong => write!(f, "text exceeds maximum length"),
+            ImeSurroundingTextError::CursorBadPosition => {
+                write!(f, "cursor is not at a valid text index")
+            },
+            ImeSurroundingTextError::AnchorBadPosition => {
+                write!(f, "anchor is not at a valid text index")
+            },
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl std::error::Error for ImeSurroundingTextError {}
+
 /// Defines the text surrounding the caret
 #[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Clone, Hash)]
 #[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]

winit-orbital/Cargo.toml

@@ -21,5 +21,6 @@ tracing.workspace = true
 winit-core.workspace = true
 
 # Platform-specific
+libredox.workspace = true
 orbclient.workspace = true
-redox_syscall.workspace = true
+redox_event.workspace = true

winit-orbital/src/event_loop.rs

@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ use orbclient::{
     ButtonEvent, EventOption, FocusEvent, HoverEvent, KeyEvent, MouseEvent, MouseRelativeEvent,
     MoveEvent, QuitEvent, ResizeEvent, ScrollEvent, TextInputEvent,
 };
+use redox_event::{EventFlags, EventQueue};
 use smol_str::SmolStr;
 use winit_core::application::ApplicationHandler;
 use winit_core::cursor::{CustomCursor, CustomCursorSource};
@@ -100,6 +101,7 @@ fn convert_scancode(scancode: u8) -> (PhysicalKey, Option<NamedKey>) {
         orbclient::K_LEFT => (KeyCode::ArrowLeft, Some(NamedKey::ArrowLeft)),
         orbclient::K_LEFT_SHIFT => (KeyCode::ShiftLeft, Some(NamedKey::Shift)),
         orbclient::K_MINUS => (KeyCode::Minus, None),
+
         orbclient::K_NUM_0 => (KeyCode::Numpad0, None),
         orbclient::K_NUM_1 => (KeyCode::Numpad1, None),
         orbclient::K_NUM_2 => (KeyCode::Numpad2, None),
@@ -110,12 +112,20 @@ fn convert_scancode(scancode: u8) -> (PhysicalKey, Option<NamedKey>) {
         orbclient::K_NUM_7 => (KeyCode::Numpad7, None),
         orbclient::K_NUM_8 => (KeyCode::Numpad8, None),
         orbclient::K_NUM_9 => (KeyCode::Numpad9, None),
+        orbclient::K_NUM_ASTERISK => (KeyCode::NumpadMultiply, None),
+        orbclient::K_NUM_ENTER => (KeyCode::NumpadEnter, Some(NamedKey::Enter)),
+        orbclient::K_NUM_MINUS => (KeyCode::NumpadSubtract, None),
+        orbclient::K_NUM_PLUS => (KeyCode::NumpadAdd, None),
+        orbclient::K_NUM_SLASH => (KeyCode::NumpadDivide, None),
+        orbclient::K_NUM_PERIOD => (KeyCode::NumpadDecimal, None),
+
         orbclient::K_PERIOD => (KeyCode::Period, None),
         orbclient::K_PGDN => (KeyCode::PageDown, Some(NamedKey::PageDown)),
         orbclient::K_PGUP => (KeyCode::PageUp, Some(NamedKey::PageUp)),
         orbclient::K_QUOTE => (KeyCode::Quote, None),
         orbclient::K_RIGHT => (KeyCode::ArrowRight, Some(NamedKey::ArrowRight)),
         orbclient::K_RIGHT_SHIFT => (KeyCode::ShiftRight, Some(NamedKey::Shift)),
+        orbclient::K_RIGHT_SUPER => (KeyCode::MetaRight, Some(NamedKey::Meta)),
         orbclient::K_SEMICOLON => (KeyCode::Semicolon, None),
         orbclient::K_SLASH => (KeyCode::Slash, None),
         orbclient::K_SPACE => (KeyCode::Space, None),
@@ -127,6 +137,20 @@ fn convert_scancode(scancode: u8) -> (PhysicalKey, Option<NamedKey>) {
         orbclient::K_VOLUME_TOGGLE => (KeyCode::AudioVolumeMute, Some(NamedKey::AudioVolumeMute)),
         orbclient::K_VOLUME_UP => (KeyCode::AudioVolumeUp, Some(NamedKey::AudioVolumeUp)),
 
+        orbclient::K_INS => (KeyCode::Insert, Some(NamedKey::Insert)),
+        orbclient::K_PRTSC => (KeyCode::PrintScreen, Some(NamedKey::PrintScreen)),
+        orbclient::K_NUM => (KeyCode::NumLock, Some(NamedKey::NumLock)),
+        orbclient::K_SCROLL => (KeyCode::ScrollLock, Some(NamedKey::ScrollLock)),
+        orbclient::K_APP => (KeyCode::ContextMenu, Some(NamedKey::ContextMenu)),
+
+        orbclient::K_MEDIA_FAST_FORWARD => {
+            (KeyCode::MediaFastForward, Some(NamedKey::MediaFastForward))
+        },
+        orbclient::K_MEDIA_REWIND => (KeyCode::MediaRewind, Some(NamedKey::MediaRewind)),
+        orbclient::K_MEDIA_STOP => (KeyCode::MediaStop, Some(NamedKey::MediaStop)),
+
+        orbclient::K_POWER => (KeyCode::Power, Some(NamedKey::Power)),
+
         _ => return (PhysicalKey::Unidentified(NativeKeyCode::Unidentified), None),
     };
     (PhysicalKey::Code(key_code), named_key_opt)
@@ -288,16 +312,12 @@ impl EventLoop {
         let (user_events_sender, user_events_receiver) = mpsc::sync_channel(1);
 
         let event_socket =
-            Arc::new(RedoxSocket::event().map_err(|error| os_error!(format!("{error}")))?);
+            Arc::new(EventQueue::new().map_err(|error| os_error!(format!("{error}")))?);
 
         let wake_socket = TimeSocket::open().map_err(|error| os_error!(format!("{error}")))?;
 
         event_socket
-            .write(&syscall::Event {
-                id: wake_socket.0.fd,
-                flags: syscall::EventFlags::EVENT_READ,
-                data: wake_socket.0.fd,
-            })
+            .subscribe(wake_socket.0.fd(), EventSource::Time, EventFlags::READ)
             .map_err(|error| os_error!(format!("{error}")))?;
 
         Ok(Self {
@@ -498,7 +518,7 @@ impl EventLoop {
                 let mut creates = self.window_target.creates.lock().unwrap();
                 creates.pop_front()
             } {
-                let window_id = WindowId::from_raw(window.fd);
+                let window_id = WindowId::from_raw(window.fd());
 
                 let mut buf: [u8; 4096] = [0; 4096];
                 let path = window.fpath(&mut buf).expect("failed to read properties");
@@ -522,18 +542,18 @@ impl EventLoop {
             } {
                 app.window_event(&self.window_target, destroy_id, event::WindowEvent::Destroyed);
                 self.windows
-                    .retain(|(window, _event_state)| WindowId::from_raw(window.fd) != destroy_id);
+                    .retain(|(window, _event_state)| WindowId::from_raw(window.fd()) != destroy_id);
             }
 
             // Handle window events.
             let mut i = 0;
             // While loop is used here because the same window may be processed more than once.
             while let Some((window, event_state)) = self.windows.get_mut(i) {
-                let window_id = WindowId::from_raw(window.fd);
+                let window_id = WindowId::from_raw(window.fd());
 
                 let mut event_buf = [0u8; 16 * mem::size_of::<orbclient::Event>()];
-                let count =
-                    syscall::read(window.fd, &mut event_buf).expect("failed to read window events");
+                let count = libredox::call::read(window.fd(), &mut event_buf)
+                    .expect("failed to read window events");
                 // Safety: orbclient::Event is a packed struct designed to be transferred over a
                 // socket.
                 let events = unsafe {
@@ -613,11 +633,7 @@ impl EventLoop {
 
             self.window_target
                 .event_socket
-                .write(&syscall::Event {
-                    id: timeout_socket.0.fd,
-                    flags: syscall::EventFlags::EVENT_READ,
-                    data: 0,
-                })
+                .subscribe(timeout_socket.0.fd(), EventSource::Time, EventFlags::READ)
                 .unwrap();
 
             let start = Instant::now();
@@ -626,7 +642,7 @@ impl EventLoop {
 
                 if let Some(duration) = instant.checked_duration_since(start) {
                     time.tv_sec += duration.as_secs() as i64;
-                    time.tv_nsec += duration.subsec_nanos() as i32;
+                    time.tv_nsec += duration.subsec_nanos() as i64;
                     // Normalize timespec so tv_nsec is not greater than one second.
                     while time.tv_nsec >= 1_000_000_000 {
                         time.tv_sec += 1;
@@ -638,12 +654,22 @@ impl EventLoop {
             }
 
             // Wait for event if needed.
-            let mut event = syscall::Event::default();
-            self.window_target.event_socket.read(&mut event).unwrap();
+            let event = loop {
+                match self.window_target.event_socket.next_event() {
+                    Ok(event) => break event,
+                    Err(err) if err.is_interrupt() => continue,
+                    Err(err) => {
+                        return Err(os_error!(format!("failed to read event: {err}")).into());
+                    },
+                }
+            };
 
             // TODO: handle spurious wakeups (redraw caused wakeup but redraw already handled)
             match requested_resume {
-                Some(requested_resume) if event.id == timeout_socket.0.fd => {
+                Some(requested_resume)
+                    if event.fd == timeout_socket.0.fd()
+                        && matches!(event.user_data, EventSource::Time) =>
+                {
                     // If the event is from the special timeout socket, report that resume
                     // time was reached.
                     start_cause = StartCause::ResumeTimeReached { start, requested_resume };
@@ -681,6 +707,13 @@ impl EventLoopProxyProvider for EventLoopProxy {
 
 impl Unpin for EventLoopProxy {}
 
+redox_event::user_data! {
+    pub enum EventSource {
+        Orbital,
+        Time,
+    }
+}
+
 #[derive(Debug)]
 pub struct ActiveEventLoop {
     control_flow: Cell<ControlFlow>,
@@ -688,7 +721,7 @@ pub struct ActiveEventLoop {
     pub(super) creates: Mutex<VecDeque<Arc<RedoxSocket>>>,
     pub(super) redraws: Arc<Mutex<VecDeque<WindowId>>>,
     pub(super) destroys: Arc<Mutex<VecDeque<WindowId>>>,
-    pub(super) event_socket: Arc<RedoxSocket>,
+    pub(super) event_socket: Arc<EventQueue<EventSource>>,
     pub(super) event_loop_proxy: Arc<EventLoopProxy>,
 }
 

winit-orbital/src/lib.rs

@@ -3,7 +3,12 @@
 //! Redox OS has some functionality not yet present that will be implemented
 //! when its orbital display server provides it.
 
-use std::{fmt, str};
+use std::fs::{File, OpenOptions};
+use std::io::{Read, Result, Write};
+use std::os::fd::AsRawFd;
+use std::{fmt, mem, slice, str};
+
+use libredox::data::TimeSpec;
 
 pub use self::event_loop::{EventLoop, PlatformSpecificEventLoopAttributes};
 
@@ -16,15 +21,11 @@ pub mod window;
 
 #[derive(Debug)]
 struct RedoxSocket {
-    fd: usize,
+    fd: File,
 }
 
 impl RedoxSocket {
-    fn event() -> syscall::Result<Self> {
-        Self::open_raw("/scheme/event")
-    }
-
-    fn orbital(properties: &WindowProperties<'_>) -> syscall::Result<Self> {
+    fn orbital(properties: &WindowProperties<'_>) -> Result<Self> {
         Self::open_raw(&format!("{properties}"))
     }
 
@@ -32,30 +33,27 @@ impl RedoxSocket {
     // non-socket path is used, it could cause read and write to not function as expected. For
     // example, the seek would change in a potentially unpredictable way if either read or write
     // were called at the same time by multiple threads.
-    fn open_raw(path: &str) -> syscall::Result<Self> {
-        let fd = syscall::open(path, syscall::O_RDWR | syscall::O_CLOEXEC)?;
+    fn open_raw(path: &str) -> Result<Self> {
+        let fd = OpenOptions::new().read(true).write(true).open(path)?;
         Ok(Self { fd })
     }
 
-    fn read(&self, buf: &mut [u8]) -> syscall::Result<()> {
-        let count = syscall::read(self.fd, buf)?;
-        if count == buf.len() { Ok(()) } else { Err(syscall::Error::new(syscall::EINVAL)) }
+    fn fd(&self) -> usize {
+        self.fd.as_raw_fd() as usize
     }
 
-    fn write(&self, buf: &[u8]) -> syscall::Result<()> {
-        let count = syscall::write(self.fd, buf)?;
-        if count == buf.len() { Ok(()) } else { Err(syscall::Error::new(syscall::EINVAL)) }
+    fn read(&self, buf: &mut [u8]) -> Result<()> {
+        (&self.fd).read_exact(buf)
     }
 
-    fn fpath<'a>(&self, buf: &'a mut [u8]) -> syscall::Result<&'a str> {
-        let count = syscall::fpath(self.fd, buf)?;
-        str::from_utf8(&buf[..count]).map_err(|_err| syscall::Error::new(syscall::EINVAL))
+    fn write(&self, buf: &[u8]) -> Result<()> {
+        (&self.fd).write_all(buf)
     }
-}
 
-impl Drop for RedoxSocket {
-    fn drop(&mut self) {
-        let _ = syscall::close(self.fd);
+    fn fpath<'a>(&self, buf: &'a mut [u8]) -> Result<&'a str> {
+        let count = libredox::call::fpath(self.fd(), buf)?;
+        str::from_utf8(&buf[..count])
+            .map_err(|_| std::io::Error::from(std::io::ErrorKind::InvalidData))
     }
 }
 
@@ -63,26 +61,36 @@ impl Drop for RedoxSocket {
 struct TimeSocket(RedoxSocket);
 
 impl TimeSocket {
-    fn open() -> syscall::Result<Self> {
+    fn open() -> Result<Self> {
         RedoxSocket::open_raw("/scheme/time/4").map(Self)
     }
 
     // Read current time.
-    fn current_time(&self) -> syscall::Result<syscall::TimeSpec> {
-        let mut timespec = syscall::TimeSpec::default();
-        self.0.read(&mut timespec)?;
+    fn current_time(&self) -> Result<TimeSpec> {
+        let mut timespec: libredox::data::TimeSpec = unsafe { mem::zeroed() };
+        let timespec_bytes = unsafe {
+            slice::from_raw_parts_mut(
+                &mut timespec as *mut _ as *mut u8,
+                mem::size_of::<TimeSpec>(),
+            )
+        };
+        self.0.read(timespec_bytes)?;
         Ok(timespec)
     }
 
     // Write a timeout.
-    fn timeout(&self, timespec: &syscall::TimeSpec) -> syscall::Result<()> {
-        self.0.write(timespec)
+    fn timeout(&self, timespec: &TimeSpec) -> Result<()> {
+        let timespec_bytes = unsafe {
+            slice::from_raw_parts(timespec as *const _ as *const u8, mem::size_of::<TimeSpec>())
+        };
+        self.0.write(timespec_bytes)
     }
 
     // Wake immediately.
-    fn wake(&self) -> syscall::Result<()> {
+    fn wake(&self) -> Result<()> {
         // Writing a default TimeSpec will always trigger a time event.
-        self.timeout(&syscall::TimeSpec::default())
+        let timespec: TimeSpec = unsafe { mem::zeroed() };
+        self.timeout(&timespec)
     }
 }
 
@@ -97,7 +105,7 @@ struct WindowProperties<'a> {
 
 impl<'a> WindowProperties<'a> {
     fn new(path: &'a str) -> Self {
-        // orbital:flags/x/y/w/h/t
+        // /scheme/orbital/flags/x/y/w/h/t
         let mut parts = path.splitn(6, '/');
         let flags = parts.next().unwrap_or("");
         let x = parts.next().map_or(0, |part| part.parse::<i32>().unwrap_or(0));

winit-orbital/src/window.rs

@@ -3,12 +3,13 @@ use std::iter;
 use std::sync::{Arc, Mutex};
 
 use dpi::{PhysicalInsets, PhysicalPosition, PhysicalSize, Position, Size};
+use redox_event::EventFlags;
 use winit_core::cursor::Cursor;
 use winit_core::error::{NotSupportedError, RequestError};
 use winit_core::monitor::{Fullscreen, MonitorHandle as CoreMonitorHandle};
 use winit_core::window::{self, Window as CoreWindow, WindowId};
 
-use crate::event_loop::{ActiveEventLoop, EventLoopProxy};
+use crate::event_loop::{ActiveEventLoop, EventLoopProxy, EventSource};
 use crate::{RedoxSocket, WindowProperties};
 
 // These values match the values uses in the `window_new` function in orbital:
@@ -103,13 +104,7 @@ impl Window {
         .expect("failed to open window");
 
         // Add to event socket.
-        el.event_socket
-            .write(&syscall::Event {
-                id: window.fd,
-                flags: syscall::EventFlags::EVENT_READ,
-                data: window.fd,
-            })
-            .unwrap();
+        el.event_socket.subscribe(window.fd(), EventSource::Orbital, EventFlags::READ).unwrap();
 
         let window_socket = Arc::new(window);
 
@@ -146,7 +141,7 @@ impl Window {
     #[inline]
     fn raw_window_handle_rwh_06(&self) -> Result<rwh_06::RawWindowHandle, rwh_06::HandleError> {
         let handle = rwh_06::OrbitalWindowHandle::new({
-            let window = self.window_socket.fd as *mut _;
+            let window = self.window_socket.fd() as *mut _;
             std::ptr::NonNull::new(window).expect("orbital fd should never be null")
         });
         Ok(rwh_06::RawWindowHandle::Orbital(handle))
@@ -160,7 +155,7 @@ impl Window {
 
 impl CoreWindow for Window {
     fn id(&self) -> WindowId {
-        WindowId::from_raw(self.window_socket.fd)
+        WindowId::from_raw(self.window_socket.fd())
     }
 
     fn ime_capabilities(&self) -> Option<window::ImeCapabilities> {

winit-uikit/Cargo.toml

@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ objc2-ui-kit = { workspace = true, features = [
     "UIViewController",
     "UIWindow",
 ] }
-winit-common = { workspace = true, features = ["core-foundation", "event-handler"] }
+winit-common = { workspace = true, features = ["core-foundation", "event-handler", "foundation"] }
 
 [package.metadata.docs.rs]
 all-features = true

winit-uikit/src/event_loop.rs

@@ -1,13 +1,9 @@
-use std::ffi::c_void;
-use std::ptr;
 use std::sync::Arc;
 
 use objc2::rc::Retained;
 use objc2::runtime::ProtocolObject;
 use objc2::{ClassType, MainThreadMarker, msg_send};
-use objc2_core_foundation::{
-    CFIndex, CFRunLoop, CFRunLoopActivity, CFRunLoopObserver, kCFRunLoopDefaultMode,
-};
+use objc2_core_foundation::{CFIndex, CFRunLoopActivity, kCFRunLoopDefaultMode};
 use objc2_foundation::{NSNotificationCenter, NSObjectProtocol};
 use objc2_ui_kit::{
     UIApplication, UIApplicationDidBecomeActiveNotification,
@@ -16,6 +12,9 @@ use objc2_ui_kit::{
     UIApplicationWillResignActiveNotification, UIApplicationWillTerminateNotification, UIScreen,
 };
 use rwh_06::HasDisplayHandle;
+use tracing::debug_span;
+use winit_common::core_foundation::{MainRunLoop, MainRunLoopObserver, tracing_observers};
+use winit_common::foundation::create_observer;
 use winit_core::application::ApplicationHandler;
 use winit_core::cursor::{CustomCursor, CustomCursorSource};
 use winit_core::error::{EventLoopError, NotSupportedError, RequestError};
@@ -27,7 +26,6 @@ use winit_core::monitor::MonitorHandle as CoreMonitorHandle;
 use winit_core::window::{Theme, Window as CoreWindow};
 
 use super::app_state::{AppState, send_occluded_event_for_all_windows};
-use super::notification_center::create_observer;
 use crate::monitor::MonitorHandle;
 use crate::window::Window;
 use crate::{app_state, monitor};
@@ -136,6 +134,11 @@ pub struct EventLoop {
     _did_enter_background_observer: Retained<ProtocolObject<dyn NSObjectProtocol>>,
     _will_terminate_observer: Retained<ProtocolObject<dyn NSObjectProtocol>>,
     _did_receive_memory_warning_observer: Retained<ProtocolObject<dyn NSObjectProtocol>>,
+
+    _tracing_observers: Option<(MainRunLoopObserver, MainRunLoopObserver)>,
+    _wakeup_observer: MainRunLoopObserver,
+    _main_events_cleared_observer: MainRunLoopObserver,
+    _events_cleared_observer: MainRunLoopObserver,
 }
 
 #[derive(Default, Debug, Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
@@ -151,9 +154,6 @@ impl EventLoop {
             return Err(EventLoopError::RecreationAttempt);
         }
 
-        // this line sets up the main run loop before `UIApplicationMain`
-        setup_control_flow_observers();
-
         let center = NSNotificationCenter::defaultCenter();
 
         let _did_finish_launching_observer = create_observer(
@@ -161,6 +161,7 @@ impl EventLoop {
             // `application:didFinishLaunchingWithOptions:`
             unsafe { UIApplicationDidFinishLaunchingNotification },
             move |_| {
+                let _entered = debug_span!("UIApplicationDidFinishLaunchingNotification").entered();
                 app_state::did_finish_launching(mtm);
             },
         );
@@ -168,19 +169,27 @@ impl EventLoop {
             &center,
             // `applicationDidBecomeActive:`
             unsafe { UIApplicationDidBecomeActiveNotification },
-            move |_| app_state::handle_resumed(mtm),
+            move |_| {
+                let _entered = debug_span!("UIApplicationDidBecomeActiveNotification").entered();
+                app_state::handle_resumed(mtm)
+            },
         );
         let _will_resign_active_observer = create_observer(
             &center,
             // `applicationWillResignActive:`
             unsafe { UIApplicationWillResignActiveNotification },
-            move |_| app_state::handle_suspended(mtm),
+            move |_| {
+                let _entered = debug_span!("UIApplicationWillResignActiveNotification").entered();
+                app_state::handle_suspended(mtm)
+            },
         );
         let _will_enter_foreground_observer = create_observer(
             &center,
             // `applicationWillEnterForeground:`
             unsafe { UIApplicationWillEnterForegroundNotification },
             move |notification| {
+                let _entered =
+                    debug_span!("UIApplicationWillEnterForegroundNotification").entered();
                 let app = notification.object().expect(
                     "UIApplicationWillEnterForegroundNotification to have application object",
                 );
@@ -195,6 +204,7 @@ impl EventLoop {
             // `applicationDidEnterBackground:`
             unsafe { UIApplicationDidEnterBackgroundNotification },
             move |notification| {
+                let _entered = debug_span!("UIApplicationDidEnterBackgroundNotification").entered();
                 let app = notification.object().expect(
                     "UIApplicationDidEnterBackgroundNotification to have application object",
                 );
@@ -209,6 +219,7 @@ impl EventLoop {
             // `applicationWillTerminate:`
             unsafe { UIApplicationWillTerminateNotification },
             move |notification| {
+                let _entered = debug_span!("UIApplicationWillTerminateNotification").entered();
                 let app = notification
                     .object()
                     .expect("UIApplicationWillTerminateNotification to have application object");
@@ -222,9 +233,65 @@ impl EventLoop {
             &center,
             // `applicationDidReceiveMemoryWarning:`
             unsafe { UIApplicationDidReceiveMemoryWarningNotification },
-            move |_| app_state::handle_memory_warning(mtm),
+            move |_| {
+                let _entered =
+                    debug_span!("UIApplicationDidReceiveMemoryWarningNotification").entered();
+                app_state::handle_memory_warning(mtm)
+            },
         );
 
+        let main_loop = MainRunLoop::get(mtm);
+        let mode = unsafe { kCFRunLoopDefaultMode }.unwrap();
+
+        // Tracing observers have the lowest and highest orderings.
+        let _tracing_observers = tracing_observers(mtm).inspect(|(start, end)| {
+            main_loop.add_observer(start, mode);
+            main_loop.add_observer(end, mode);
+        });
+
+        let _wakeup_observer = MainRunLoopObserver::new(
+            mtm,
+            CFRunLoopActivity::AfterWaiting,
+            true,
+            // Queued with the second-highest priority (tracing observers use the highest) to
+            // ensure it is processed before other observers.
+            CFIndex::MIN + 1,
+            move |_| app_state::handle_wakeup_transition(mtm),
+        );
+        main_loop.add_observer(&_wakeup_observer, mode);
+
+        let _main_events_cleared_observer = MainRunLoopObserver::new(
+            mtm,
+            CFRunLoopActivity::BeforeWaiting,
+            true,
+            // Core Animation registers its `CFRunLoopObserver` that performs drawing operations in
+            // `CA::Transaction::ensure_implicit` with a priority of `2000000`. We set the
+            // main_end priority to be 0, in order to send `AboutToWait` before `RedrawRequested`.
+            // This value was chosen conservatively to guard against apple using different
+            // priorities for their redraw observers in different OS's or on different devices. If
+            // it so happens that it's too conservative, the main symptom would be non-redraw
+            // events coming in after `AboutToWait`.
+            //
+            // The value of `2000000` was determined by inspecting stack traces and the associated
+            // registers for every `CFRunLoopAddObserver` call on an iPad Air 2 running iOS 11.4.
+            //
+            // Also tested to be `2000000` on iPhone 8, iOS 13 beta 4.
+            0,
+            move |_| app_state::handle_main_events_cleared(mtm),
+        );
+        main_loop.add_observer(&_main_events_cleared_observer, mode);
+
+        let _events_cleared_observer = MainRunLoopObserver::new(
+            mtm,
+            CFRunLoopActivity::BeforeWaiting,
+            true,
+            // Queued with the second-lowest priority (tracing observers use the lowest) to ensure
+            // it is processed after other observers.
+            CFIndex::MAX - 1,
+            move |_| app_state::handle_events_cleared(mtm),
+        );
+        main_loop.add_observer(&_events_cleared_observer, mode);
+
         Ok(EventLoop {
             mtm,
             window_target: ActiveEventLoop { mtm },
@@ -235,6 +302,10 @@ impl EventLoop {
             _did_enter_background_observer,
             _will_terminate_observer,
             _did_receive_memory_warning_observer,
+            _tracing_observers,
+            _wakeup_observer,
+            _main_events_cleared_observer,
+            _events_cleared_observer,
         })
     }
 
@@ -262,97 +333,3 @@ impl EventLoop {
         &self.window_target
     }
 }
-
-fn setup_control_flow_observers() {
-    unsafe {
-        // begin is queued with the highest priority to ensure it is processed before other
-        // observers
-        extern "C-unwind" fn control_flow_begin_handler(
-            _: *mut CFRunLoopObserver,
-            activity: CFRunLoopActivity,
-            _: *mut c_void,
-        ) {
-            let mtm = MainThreadMarker::new().unwrap();
-            #[allow(non_upper_case_globals)]
-            match activity {
-                CFRunLoopActivity::AfterWaiting => app_state::handle_wakeup_transition(mtm),
-                _ => unreachable!(),
-            }
-        }
-
-        // Core Animation registers its `CFRunLoopObserver` that performs drawing operations in
-        // `CA::Transaction::ensure_implicit` with a priority of `0x1e8480`. We set the main_end
-        // priority to be 0, in order to send AboutToWait before RedrawRequested. This value was
-        // chosen conservatively to guard against apple using different priorities for their redraw
-        // observers in different OS's or on different devices. If it so happens that it's too
-        // conservative, the main symptom would be non-redraw events coming in after `AboutToWait`.
-        //
-        // The value of `0x1e8480` was determined by inspecting stack traces and the associated
-        // registers for every `CFRunLoopAddObserver` call on an iPad Air 2 running iOS 11.4.
-        //
-        // Also tested to be `0x1e8480` on iPhone 8, iOS 13 beta 4.
-        extern "C-unwind" fn control_flow_main_end_handler(
-            _: *mut CFRunLoopObserver,
-            activity: CFRunLoopActivity,
-            _: *mut c_void,
-        ) {
-            let mtm = MainThreadMarker::new().unwrap();
-            #[allow(non_upper_case_globals)]
-            match activity {
-                CFRunLoopActivity::BeforeWaiting => app_state::handle_main_events_cleared(mtm),
-                CFRunLoopActivity::Exit => {}, // may happen when running on macOS
-                _ => unreachable!(),
-            }
-        }
-
-        // end is queued with the lowest priority to ensure it is processed after other observers
-        extern "C-unwind" fn control_flow_end_handler(
-            _: *mut CFRunLoopObserver,
-            activity: CFRunLoopActivity,
-            _: *mut c_void,
-        ) {
-            let mtm = MainThreadMarker::new().unwrap();
-            #[allow(non_upper_case_globals)]
-            match activity {
-                CFRunLoopActivity::BeforeWaiting => app_state::handle_events_cleared(mtm),
-                CFRunLoopActivity::Exit => {}, // may happen when running on macOS
-                _ => unreachable!(),
-            }
-        }
-
-        let main_loop = CFRunLoop::main().unwrap();
-
-        let begin_observer = CFRunLoopObserver::new(
-            None,
-            CFRunLoopActivity::AfterWaiting.0,
-            true,
-            CFIndex::MIN,
-            Some(control_flow_begin_handler),
-            ptr::null_mut(),
-        )
-        .unwrap();
-        main_loop.add_observer(Some(&begin_observer), kCFRunLoopDefaultMode);
-
-        let main_end_observer = CFRunLoopObserver::new(
-            None,
-            (CFRunLoopActivity::Exit | CFRunLoopActivity::BeforeWaiting).0,
-            true,
-            0, // see comment on `control_flow_main_end_handler`
-            Some(control_flow_main_end_handler),
-            ptr::null_mut(),
-        )
-        .unwrap();
-        main_loop.add_observer(Some(&main_end_observer), kCFRunLoopDefaultMode);
-
-        let end_observer = CFRunLoopObserver::new(
-            None,
-            (CFRunLoopActivity::Exit | CFRunLoopActivity::BeforeWaiting).0,
-            true,
-            CFIndex::MAX,
-            Some(control_flow_end_handler),
-            ptr::null_mut(),
-        )
-        .unwrap();
-        main_loop.add_observer(Some(&end_observer), kCFRunLoopDefaultMode);
-    }
-}

winit-uikit/src/lib.rs

@@ -103,7 +103,6 @@
 mod app_state;
 mod event_loop;
 mod monitor;
-mod notification_center;
 mod view;
 mod view_controller;
 mod window;

winit-uikit/src/notification_center.rs

@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-../../winit-appkit/src/notification_center.rs

winit-uikit/src/view.rs

@@ -13,10 +13,10 @@ use objc2_ui_kit::{
     UIResponder, UIRotationGestureRecognizer, UITapGestureRecognizer, UITextInputTraits, UITouch,
     UITouchPhase, UITouchType, UITraitEnvironment, UIView,
 };
-use tracing::debug;
+use tracing::{debug, debug_span, trace_span};
 use winit_core::event::{
-    ButtonSource, ElementState, FingerId, Force, KeyEvent, PointerKind, PointerSource, TouchPhase,
-    WindowEvent,
+    ButtonSource, ElementState, FingerId, Force, KeyEvent, PointerKind, PointerSource,
+    TabletToolAngle, TabletToolButton, TabletToolData, TabletToolKind, TouchPhase, WindowEvent,
 };
 use winit_core::keyboard::{Key, KeyCode, KeyLocation, NamedKey, NativeKeyCode, PhysicalKey};
 
@@ -48,6 +48,7 @@ define_class!(
     impl WinitView {
         #[unsafe(method(drawRect:))]
         fn draw_rect(&self, rect: CGRect) {
+            let _entered = debug_span!("drawRect:").entered();
             let mtm = MainThreadMarker::new().unwrap();
             let window = self.window().unwrap();
             app_state::handle_nonuser_event(mtm, EventWrapper::Window {
@@ -59,6 +60,7 @@ define_class!(
 
         #[unsafe(method(layoutSubviews))]
         fn layout_subviews(&self) {
+            let _entered = debug_span!("layoutSubviews").entered();
             let mtm = MainThreadMarker::new().unwrap();
             let _: () = unsafe { msg_send![super(self), layoutSubviews] };
 
@@ -79,6 +81,7 @@ define_class!(
 
         #[unsafe(method(setContentScaleFactor:))]
         fn set_content_scale_factor(&self, untrusted_scale_factor: CGFloat) {
+            let _entered = debug_span!("setContentScaleFactor:").entered();
             let mtm = MainThreadMarker::new().unwrap();
             let _: () =
                 unsafe { msg_send![super(self), setContentScaleFactor: untrusted_scale_factor] };
@@ -124,6 +127,7 @@ define_class!(
 
         #[unsafe(method(safeAreaInsetsDidChange))]
         fn safe_area_changed(&self) {
+            let _entered = debug_span!("safeAreaInsetsDidChange").entered();
             debug!("safeAreaInsetsDidChange was called, requesting redraw");
             // When the safe area changes we want to make sure to emit a redraw event
             self.setNeedsDisplay();
@@ -131,26 +135,31 @@ define_class!(
 
         #[unsafe(method(touchesBegan:withEvent:))]
         fn touches_began(&self, touches: &NSSet<UITouch>, _event: Option<&UIEvent>) {
+            let _entered = debug_span!("touchesBegan:withEvent:").entered();
             self.handle_touches(touches)
         }
 
         #[unsafe(method(touchesMoved:withEvent:))]
         fn touches_moved(&self, touches: &NSSet<UITouch>, _event: Option<&UIEvent>) {
+            let _entered = debug_span!("touchesMoved:withEvent:").entered();
             self.handle_touches(touches)
         }
 
         #[unsafe(method(touchesEnded:withEvent:))]
         fn touches_ended(&self, touches: &NSSet<UITouch>, _event: Option<&UIEvent>) {
+            let _entered = debug_span!("touchesEnded:withEvent:").entered();
             self.handle_touches(touches)
         }
 
         #[unsafe(method(touchesCancelled:withEvent:))]
         fn touches_cancelled(&self, touches: &NSSet<UITouch>, _event: Option<&UIEvent>) {
+            let _entered = debug_span!("touchesCancelled:withEvent:").entered();
             self.handle_touches(touches)
         }
 
         #[unsafe(method(pinchGesture:))]
         fn pinch_gesture(&self, recognizer: &UIPinchGestureRecognizer) {
+            let _entered = debug_span!("pinchGesture:").entered();
             let window = self.window().unwrap();
 
             let (phase, delta) = match recognizer.state() {
@@ -185,6 +194,7 @@ define_class!(
 
         #[unsafe(method(doubleTapGesture:))]
         fn double_tap_gesture(&self, recognizer: &UITapGestureRecognizer) {
+            let _entered = debug_span!("doubleTapGesture:").entered();
             let window = self.window().unwrap();
 
             if recognizer.state() == UIGestureRecognizerState::Ended {
@@ -200,6 +210,7 @@ define_class!(
 
         #[unsafe(method(rotationGesture:))]
         fn rotation_gesture(&self, recognizer: &UIRotationGestureRecognizer) {
+            let _entered = debug_span!("rotationGesture:").entered();
             let window = self.window().unwrap();
 
             let (phase, delta) = match recognizer.state() {
@@ -244,6 +255,7 @@ define_class!(
 
         #[unsafe(method(panGesture:))]
         fn pan_gesture(&self, recognizer: &UIPanGestureRecognizer) {
+            let _entered = debug_span!("panGesture:").entered();
             let window = self.window().unwrap();
 
             let translation = recognizer.translationInView(Some(self));
@@ -296,6 +308,7 @@ define_class!(
 
         #[unsafe(method(canBecomeFirstResponder))]
         fn can_become_first_responder(&self) -> bool {
+            let _entered = trace_span!("canBecomeFirstResponder").entered();
             true
         }
     }
@@ -309,6 +322,10 @@ define_class!(
             _gesture_recognizer: &UIGestureRecognizer,
             _other_gesture_recognizer: &UIGestureRecognizer,
         ) -> bool {
+            let _entered = trace_span!(
+                "gestureRecognizer:shouldRecognizeSimultaneouslyWithGestureRecognizer:"
+            )
+            .entered();
             true
         }
     }
@@ -318,16 +335,19 @@ define_class!(
     unsafe impl UIKeyInput for WinitView {
         #[unsafe(method(hasText))]
         fn has_text(&self) -> bool {
+            let _entered = debug_span!("hasText").entered();
             true
         }
 
         #[unsafe(method(insertText:))]
         fn insert_text(&self, text: &NSString) {
+            let _entered = debug_span!("insertText:").entered();
             self.handle_insert_text(text)
         }
 
         #[unsafe(method(deleteBackward))]
         fn delete_backward(&self) {
+            let _entered = debug_span!("deleteBackward").entered();
             self.handle_delete_backward()
         }
     }
@@ -461,19 +481,18 @@ impl WinitView {
         let window = self.window().unwrap();
         let mut touch_events = Vec::new();
         for touch in touches {
-            if let UITouchType::Pencil = touch.r#type() {
-                continue;
-            }
-
             let logical_location = touch.locationInView(None);
             let touch_type = touch.r#type();
-            let force = if let UITouchType::Pencil = touch_type {
-                None
-            } else if available!(ios = 9.0, tvos = 9.0, visionos = 1.0) {
-                let trait_collection = self.traitCollection();
-                let touch_capability = trait_collection.forceTouchCapability();
-                // Both the OS _and_ the device need to be checked for force touch support.
-                if touch_capability == UIForceTouchCapability::Available {
+            let force = if available!(ios = 9.0, tvos = 9.0, visionos = 1.0) {
+                let use_force = match touch_type {
+                    UITouchType::Pencil => true,
+                    _ => {
+                        let trait_collection = self.traitCollection();
+                        trait_collection.forceTouchCapability() == UIForceTouchCapability::Available
+                    },
+                };
+
+                if use_force {
                     let force = touch.force();
                     let max_possible_force = touch.maximumPossibleForce();
                     Some(Force::Calibrated {
@@ -529,7 +548,7 @@ impl WinitView {
                             primary,
                             position,
                             kind: if let UITouchType::Pencil = touch_type {
-                                PointerKind::Unknown
+                                PointerKind::TabletTool(TabletToolKind::Pencil)
                             } else {
                                 PointerKind::Touch(finger_id)
                             },
@@ -543,7 +562,12 @@ impl WinitView {
                             state: ElementState::Pressed,
                             position,
                             button: if let UITouchType::Pencil = touch_type {
-                                ButtonSource::Unknown(0)
+                                let tool_data = self.tablet_tool_data_for_pencil(&touch);
+                                ButtonSource::TabletTool {
+                                    kind: TabletToolKind::Pencil,
+                                    button: TabletToolButton::Contact,
+                                    data: tool_data,
+                                }
                             } else {
                                 ButtonSource::Touch { finger_id, force }
                             },
@@ -552,7 +576,11 @@ impl WinitView {
                 },
                 UITouchPhase::Moved => {
                     let (primary, source) = if let UITouchType::Pencil = touch_type {
-                        (true, PointerSource::Unknown)
+                        let tool_data = self.tablet_tool_data_for_pencil(&touch);
+                        (true, PointerSource::TabletTool {
+                            kind: TabletToolKind::Pencil,
+                            data: tool_data,
+                        })
                     } else {
                         (ivars.primary_finger.get().unwrap() == finger_id, PointerSource::Touch {
                             finger_id,
@@ -592,7 +620,12 @@ impl WinitView {
                                 state: ElementState::Released,
                                 position,
                                 button: if let UITouchType::Pencil = touch_type {
-                                    ButtonSource::Unknown(0)
+                                    let tool_data = self.tablet_tool_data_for_pencil(&touch);
+                                    ButtonSource::TabletTool {
+                                        kind: TabletToolKind::Pencil,
+                                        button: TabletToolButton::Contact,
+                                        data: tool_data,
+                                    }
                                 } else {
                                     ButtonSource::Touch { finger_id, force }
                                 },
@@ -607,7 +640,7 @@ impl WinitView {
                             primary,
                             position: Some(position),
                             kind: if let UITouchType::Pencil = touch_type {
-                                PointerKind::Unknown
+                                PointerKind::TabletTool(TabletToolKind::Pencil)
                             } else {
                                 PointerKind::Touch(finger_id)
                             },
@@ -621,6 +654,32 @@ impl WinitView {
         app_state::handle_nonuser_events(mtm, touch_events);
     }
 
+    fn tablet_tool_data_for_pencil(&self, touch: &UITouch) -> TabletToolData {
+        let force = if available!(ios = 9.0, tvos = 9.0, visionos = 1.0) {
+            let force_val = touch.force();
+            let max_force = touch.maximumPossibleForce();
+            Some(Force::Calibrated { force: force_val as _, max_possible_force: max_force as _ })
+        } else {
+            None
+        };
+
+        let angle = if available!(ios = 9.1, tvos = 9.0, visionos = 1.0) {
+            let altitude = touch.altitudeAngle();
+            let azimuth = touch.azimuthAngleInView(Some(self));
+            Some(TabletToolAngle { altitude: altitude as _, azimuth: azimuth as _ })
+        } else {
+            None
+        };
+
+        TabletToolData {
+            force,
+            tangential_force: None, // iOS doesn't provide barrel pressure
+            twist: None,            // iOS doesn't provide rotation/twist
+            tilt: None,             // Will be calculated from angle if needed
+            angle,
+        }
+    }
+
     fn handle_insert_text(&self, text: &NSString) {
         let window = self.window().unwrap();
         let window_id = window.id();

winit-uikit/src/view_controller.rs

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ use objc2_ui_kit::{
     UIDevice, UIInterfaceOrientationMask, UIRectEdge, UIResponder, UIStatusBarStyle,
     UIUserInterfaceIdiom, UIView, UIViewController,
 };
+use tracing::trace_span;
 
 use crate::{ScreenEdge, StatusBarStyle, ValidOrientations, WindowAttributesIos};
 
@@ -28,31 +29,37 @@ define_class!(
     impl WinitViewController {
         #[unsafe(method(shouldAutorotate))]
         fn should_autorotate(&self) -> bool {
+            let _entered = trace_span!("shouldAutorotate").entered();
             true
         }
 
         #[unsafe(method(prefersStatusBarHidden))]
         fn prefers_status_bar_hidden(&self) -> bool {
+            let _entered = trace_span!("prefersStatusBarHidden").entered();
             self.ivars().prefers_status_bar_hidden.get()
         }
 
         #[unsafe(method(preferredStatusBarStyle))]
         fn preferred_status_bar_style(&self) -> UIStatusBarStyle {
+            let _entered = trace_span!("preferredStatusBarStyle").entered();
             self.ivars().preferred_status_bar_style.get()
         }
 
         #[unsafe(method(prefersHomeIndicatorAutoHidden))]
         fn prefers_home_indicator_auto_hidden(&self) -> bool {
+            let _entered = trace_span!("prefersHomeIndicatorAutoHidden").entered();
             self.ivars().prefers_home_indicator_auto_hidden.get()
         }
 
         #[unsafe(method(supportedInterfaceOrientations))]
         fn supported_orientations(&self) -> UIInterfaceOrientationMask {
+            let _entered = trace_span!("supportedInterfaceOrientations").entered();
             self.ivars().supported_orientations.get()
         }
 
         #[unsafe(method(preferredScreenEdgesDeferringSystemGestures))]
         fn preferred_screen_edges_deferring_system_gestures(&self) -> UIRectEdge {
+            let _entered = trace_span!("preferredScreenEdgesDeferringSystemGestures").entered();
             self.ivars().preferred_screen_edges_deferring_system_gestures.get()
         }
     }

winit-uikit/src/window.rs

@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ use objc2_ui_kit::{
     UIApplication, UICoordinateSpace, UIEdgeInsets, UIResponder, UIScreen,
     UIScreenOverscanCompensation, UIViewController, UIWindow,
 };
-use tracing::{debug, warn};
+use tracing::{debug, debug_span, warn};
 use winit_core::cursor::Cursor;
 use winit_core::error::{NotSupportedError, RequestError};
 use winit_core::event::WindowEvent;
@@ -46,6 +46,7 @@ define_class!(
     impl WinitUIWindow {
         #[unsafe(method(becomeKeyWindow))]
         fn become_key_window(&self) {
+            let _entered = debug_span!("becomeKeyWindow").entered();
             let mtm = MainThreadMarker::new().unwrap();
             app_state::handle_nonuser_event(mtm, EventWrapper::Window {
                 window_id: self.id(),
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ define_class!(
 
         #[unsafe(method(resignKeyWindow))]
         fn resign_key_window(&self) {
+            let _entered = debug_span!("resignKeyWindow").entered();
             let mtm = MainThreadMarker::new().unwrap();
             app_state::handle_nonuser_event(mtm, EventWrapper::Window {
                 window_id: self.id(),

winit-wayland/Cargo.toml

@@ -29,8 +29,8 @@ tracing.workspace = true
 winit-core.workspace = true
 
 # Platform-specific
-ahash.workspace = true
 calloop.workspace = true
+foldhash.workspace = true
 libc.workspace = true
 memmap2.workspace = true
 rustix = { workspace = true, features = ["std", "system", "thread", "process", "event", "pipe"] }
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ sctk = { package = "smithay-client-toolkit", version = "0.20.0", default-feature
 sctk-adwaita = { version = "0.11.0", default-features = false, optional = true }
 wayland-backend = { version = "0.3.10", default-features = false, features = ["client_system"] }
 wayland-client = "0.31.10"
-wayland-protocols = { version = "0.32.8", features = ["staging"] }
+wayland-protocols = { version = "0.32.11", features = ["staging", "unstable"] }
 wayland-protocols-plasma = { version = "0.3.8", features = ["client"] }
 winit-common = { workspace = true, features = ["xkb", "wayland"] }
 

winit-wayland/src/lib.rs

@@ -14,6 +14,9 @@
 //! * `wayland-csd-adwaita-crossfont`.
 //! * `wayland-csd-adwaita-notitle`.
 //! * `wayland-csd-adwaita-notitlebar`.
+
+#![allow(clippy::mutable_key_type)]
+
 use std::ffi::c_void;
 use std::ptr::NonNull;
 

winit-wayland/src/seat/mod.rs

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
 use std::sync::Arc;
 
-use ahash::AHashMap;
+use foldhash::HashMap;
 use sctk::reexports::client::backend::ObjectId;
 use sctk::reexports::client::protocol::wl_seat::WlSeat;
 use sctk::reexports::client::protocol::wl_touch::WlTouch;
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ use sctk::reexports::protocols::wp::text_input::zv3::client::zwp_text_input_v3::
 use sctk::seat::pointer::{ThemeSpec, ThemedPointer};
 use sctk::seat::{Capability as SeatCapability, SeatHandler, SeatState};
 use tracing::warn;
+use wayland_protocols::wp::pointer_gestures::zv1::client::zwp_pointer_gesture_hold_v1::ZwpPointerGestureHoldV1;
 use wayland_protocols::wp::pointer_gestures::zv1::client::zwp_pointer_gesture_pinch_v1::ZwpPointerGesturePinchV1;
 use wayland_protocols::wp::tablet::zv2::client::zwp_tablet_seat_v2::ZwpTabletSeatV2;
 use winit_core::event::WindowEvent;
@@ -43,7 +44,7 @@ pub struct WinitSeatState {
     touch: Option<WlTouch>,
 
     /// The mapping from touched points to the surfaces they're present.
-    touch_map: AHashMap<i32, TouchPoint>,
+    touch_map: HashMap<i32, TouchPoint>,
 
     /// Id of the first touch event.
     first_touch_id: Option<i32>,
@@ -60,6 +61,9 @@ pub struct WinitSeatState {
     /// The pinch pointer gesture bound on the seat.
     pointer_gesture_pinch: Option<ZwpPointerGesturePinchV1>,
 
+    /// The hold pointer gesture bound on the seat.
+    pointer_gesture_hold: Option<ZwpPointerGestureHoldV1>,
+
     /// The keyboard bound on the seat.
     keyboard_state: Option<KeyboardState>,
 
@@ -141,6 +145,14 @@ impl SeatHandler for WinitState {
                     )
                 });
 
+                seat_state.pointer_gesture_hold = self.pointer_gestures.as_ref().map(|manager| {
+                    manager.get_hold_gesture(
+                        themed_pointer.pointer(),
+                        queue_handle,
+                        PointerGestureData::default(),
+                    )
+                });
+
                 let themed_pointer = Arc::new(themed_pointer);
 
                 // Register cursor surface.
@@ -209,6 +221,10 @@ impl SeatHandler for WinitState {
                     pointer_gesture_pinch.destroy();
                 }
 
+                if let Some(pointer_gesture_hold) = seat_state.pointer_gesture_hold.take() {
+                    pointer_gesture_hold.destroy();
+                }
+
                 if let Some(pointer) = seat_state.pointer.take() {
                     let pointer_data = pointer.pointer().winit_data();
 

winit-wayland/src/seat/pointer/pointer_gesture.rs

@@ -7,9 +7,12 @@ use sctk::globals::GlobalData;
 use sctk::reexports::client::globals::{BindError, GlobalList};
 use sctk::reexports::client::{Connection, Dispatch, Proxy, QueueHandle, delegate_dispatch};
 use sctk::reexports::protocols::wp::pointer_gestures::zv1::client::zwp_pointer_gesture_pinch_v1::{
-    Event, ZwpPointerGesturePinchV1,
+    Event as PinchEvent, ZwpPointerGesturePinchV1,
 };
 use sctk::reexports::protocols::wp::pointer_gestures::zv1::client::zwp_pointer_gestures_v1::ZwpPointerGesturesV1;
+use wayland_protocols::wp::pointer_gestures::zv1::client::zwp_pointer_gesture_hold_v1::{
+    Event as HoldEvent, ZwpPointerGestureHoldV1,
+};
 use winit_core::event::{TouchPhase, WindowEvent};
 use winit_core::window::WindowId;
 
@@ -27,7 +30,7 @@ impl PointerGesturesState {
         globals: &GlobalList,
         queue_handle: &QueueHandle<WinitState>,
     ) -> Result<Self, BindError> {
-        let pointer_gestures = globals.bind(queue_handle, 1..=1, GlobalData)?;
+        let pointer_gestures = globals.bind(queue_handle, 3..=3, GlobalData)?;
         Ok(Self { pointer_gestures })
     }
 }
@@ -70,6 +73,49 @@ impl Dispatch<ZwpPointerGesturesV1, GlobalData, WinitState> for PointerGesturesS
     }
 }
 
+impl Dispatch<ZwpPointerGestureHoldV1, PointerGestureData, WinitState> for PointerGesturesState {
+    fn event(
+        state: &mut WinitState,
+        _proxy: &ZwpPointerGestureHoldV1,
+        event: <ZwpPointerGestureHoldV1 as wayland_client::Proxy>::Event,
+        data: &PointerGestureData,
+        _conn: &Connection,
+        _qhandle: &QueueHandle<WinitState>,
+    ) {
+        let mut pointer_gesture_data = data.inner.lock().unwrap();
+        let (window_id, phase) = match event {
+            HoldEvent::Begin { surface, fingers, .. } => {
+                if fingers < 2 {
+                    return;
+                }
+
+                let window_id = crate::make_wid(&surface);
+                pointer_gesture_data.window_id = Some(window_id);
+
+                (window_id, TouchPhase::Started)
+            },
+            HoldEvent::End { cancelled, .. } => {
+                let window_id = match pointer_gesture_data.window_id {
+                    Some(window_id) => window_id,
+                    _ => return,
+                };
+
+                // Reset the state.
+                *pointer_gesture_data = Default::default();
+
+                let phase = if cancelled == 0 { TouchPhase::Ended } else { TouchPhase::Cancelled };
+
+                (window_id, phase)
+            },
+            _ => return,
+        };
+
+        state
+            .events_sink
+            .push_window_event(WindowEvent::HoldGesture { device_id: None, phase }, window_id);
+    }
+}
+
 impl Dispatch<ZwpPointerGesturePinchV1, PointerGestureData, WinitState> for PointerGesturesState {
     fn event(
         state: &mut WinitState,
@@ -81,7 +127,7 @@ impl Dispatch<ZwpPointerGesturePinchV1, PointerGestureData, WinitState> for Poin
     ) {
         let mut pointer_gesture_data = data.inner.lock().unwrap();
         let (window_id, phase, pan_delta, pinch_delta, rotation_delta) = match event {
-            Event::Begin { surface, fingers, .. } => {
+            PinchEvent::Begin { surface, fingers, .. } => {
                 // We only support two fingers for now.
                 if fingers != 2 {
                     return;
@@ -100,7 +146,7 @@ impl Dispatch<ZwpPointerGesturePinchV1, PointerGestureData, WinitState> for Poin
 
                 (window_id, TouchPhase::Started, PhysicalPosition::new(0., 0.), 0., 0.)
             },
-            Event::Update { dx, dy, scale: pinch, rotation, .. } => {
+            PinchEvent::Update { dx, dy, scale: pinch, rotation, .. } => {
                 let window_id = match pointer_gesture_data.window_id {
                     Some(window_id) => window_id,
                     _ => return,
@@ -121,7 +167,7 @@ impl Dispatch<ZwpPointerGesturePinchV1, PointerGestureData, WinitState> for Poin
                 let rotation_delta = -rotation as f32;
                 (window_id, TouchPhase::Moved, pan_delta, pinch_delta, rotation_delta)
             },
-            Event::End { cancelled, .. } => {
+            PinchEvent::End { cancelled, .. } => {
                 let window_id = match pointer_gesture_data.window_id {
                     Some(window_id) => window_id,
                     _ => return,
@@ -155,3 +201,4 @@ impl Dispatch<ZwpPointerGesturePinchV1, PointerGestureData, WinitState> for Poin
 
 delegate_dispatch!(WinitState: [ZwpPointerGesturesV1: GlobalData] => PointerGesturesState);
 delegate_dispatch!(WinitState: [ZwpPointerGesturePinchV1: PointerGestureData] => PointerGesturesState);
+delegate_dispatch!(WinitState: [ZwpPointerGestureHoldV1: PointerGestureData] => PointerGesturesState);

winit-wayland/src/seat/text_input/mod.rs

@@ -150,7 +150,7 @@ impl Dispatch<ZwpTextInputV3, TextInputData, WinitState> for TextInputState {
                 // 6. Place cursor inside preedit text.
 
                 if let Some(DeleteSurroundingText { before, after }) =
-                    text_input_data.pending_delete
+                    text_input_data.pending_delete.take()
                 {
                     state.events_sink.push_window_event(
                         WindowEvent::Ime(Ime::DeleteSurrounding {

winit-wayland/src/state.rs

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ use std::cell::RefCell;
 use std::sync::atomic::Ordering;
 use std::sync::{Arc, Mutex};
 
-use ahash::AHashMap;
+use foldhash::HashMap;
 use sctk::compositor::{CompositorHandler, CompositorState};
 use sctk::output::{OutputHandler, OutputState};
 use sctk::reexports::calloop::LoopHandle;
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ use crate::seat::{
     PointerConstraintsState, PointerGesturesState, RelativePointerState, TextInputState,
     WinitPointerData, WinitPointerDataExt, WinitSeatState,
 };
-use crate::types::kwin_blur::KWinBlurManager;
+use crate::types::bgr_effects::BgrEffectManager;
 use crate::types::wp_fractional_scaling::FractionalScalingManager;
 use crate::types::wp_tablet_input_v2::TabletManager;
 use crate::types::wp_viewporter::ViewporterState;
@@ -62,10 +62,10 @@ pub struct WinitState {
     pub xdg_shell: XdgShell,
 
     /// The currently present windows.
-    pub windows: RefCell<AHashMap<WindowId, Arc<Mutex<WindowState>>>>,
+    pub windows: RefCell<HashMap<WindowId, Arc<Mutex<WindowState>>>>,
 
     /// The requests from the `Window` to EventLoop, such as close operations and redraw requests.
-    pub window_requests: RefCell<AHashMap<WindowId, Arc<WindowRequests>>>,
+    pub window_requests: RefCell<HashMap<WindowId, Arc<WindowRequests>>>,
 
     /// The events that were generated directly from the window.
     pub window_events_sink: Arc<Mutex<EventSink>>,
@@ -74,10 +74,10 @@ pub struct WinitState {
     pub window_compositor_updates: Vec<WindowCompositorUpdate>,
 
     /// Currently handled seats.
-    pub seats: AHashMap<ObjectId, WinitSeatState>,
+    pub seats: HashMap<ObjectId, WinitSeatState>,
 
     /// Currently present cursor surfaces.
-    pub pointer_surfaces: AHashMap<ObjectId, Arc<ThemedPointer<WinitPointerData>>>,
+    pub pointer_surfaces: HashMap<ObjectId, Arc<ThemedPointer<WinitPointerData>>>,
 
     /// The state of the text input on the client.
     pub text_input_state: Option<TextInputState>,
@@ -116,8 +116,8 @@ pub struct WinitState {
     /// Fractional scaling manager.
     pub fractional_scaling_manager: Option<FractionalScalingManager>,
 
-    /// KWin blur manager.
-    pub kwin_blur_manager: Option<KWinBlurManager>,
+    /// Blur manager.
+    pub blur_manager: Option<BgrEffectManager>,
 
     /// Loop handle to re-register event sources, such as keyboard repeat.
     pub loop_handle: LoopHandle<'static, Self>,
@@ -156,7 +156,7 @@ impl WinitState {
 
         let seat_state = SeatState::new(globals, queue_handle);
 
-        let mut seats = AHashMap::default();
+        let mut seats = HashMap::default();
         for seat in seat_state.seats() {
             seats.insert(seat.id(), WinitSeatState::new());
         }
@@ -192,7 +192,7 @@ impl WinitState {
             window_events_sink: Default::default(),
             viewporter_state,
             fractional_scaling_manager,
-            kwin_blur_manager: KWinBlurManager::new(globals, queue_handle).ok(),
+            blur_manager: BgrEffectManager::new(globals, queue_handle).ok(),
 
             seats,
             text_input_state: TextInputState::new(globals, queue_handle).ok(),

winit-wayland/src/types/bgr_effects.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+use sctk::compositor::Region;
+use sctk::reexports::client::QueueHandle;
+use sctk::reexports::client::globals::{BindError, GlobalList};
+use sctk::reexports::client::protocol::wl_surface::WlSurface;
+use sctk::reexports::protocols::ext::background_effect::v1::client::ext_background_effect_surface_v1::ExtBackgroundEffectSurfaceV1;
+use wayland_protocols_plasma::blur::client::org_kde_kwin_blur::OrgKdeKwinBlur;
+
+use crate::state::WinitState;
+use crate::types::ext_background_effect::ExtBackgroundEffectManager;
+use crate::types::kwin_blur::KWinBlurManager;
+
+/// Wrapper around various background effects for [`WlSurface`].
+#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+pub enum BgrEffectManager {
+    Ext(ExtBackgroundEffectManager),
+    KWin(KWinBlurManager),
+}
+
+impl BgrEffectManager {
+    pub fn new(
+        globals: &GlobalList,
+        queue_handle: &QueueHandle<WinitState>,
+    ) -> Result<Self, BindError> {
+        ExtBackgroundEffectManager::new(globals, queue_handle)
+            .map(Self::Ext)
+            .or_else(|_| KWinBlurManager::new(globals, queue_handle).map(Self::KWin))
+    }
+
+    /// Creates a new blur effect for the surface.
+    pub fn new_blur_effect(
+        &mut self,
+        surface: &WlSurface,
+        queue_handle: &QueueHandle<WinitState>,
+    ) -> SurfaceBlurEffect {
+        match self {
+            BgrEffectManager::Ext(mgr) => SurfaceBlurEffect::Ext(mgr.blur(surface, queue_handle)),
+            BgrEffectManager::KWin(mgr) => SurfaceBlurEffect::Kwin(
+                mgr.blur(surface, queue_handle),
+                mgr.clone(),
+                surface.clone(),
+            ),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub enum SurfaceBlurEffect {
+    Ext(ExtBackgroundEffectSurfaceV1),
+    Kwin(OrgKdeKwinBlur, KWinBlurManager, WlSurface),
+}
+
+impl SurfaceBlurEffect {
+    /// Returns `true` if the main surface commit is required.
+    ///
+    /// `None` clears the blur.
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn set_blur(&self, region: Option<&Region>) -> bool {
+        let region = region.map(|region| region.wl_region());
+        match self {
+            SurfaceBlurEffect::Ext(surface) => {
+                surface.set_blur_region(region);
+                true
+            },
+            SurfaceBlurEffect::Kwin(blur, ..) => {
+                blur.set_region(region);
+                blur.commit();
+                true
+            },
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl Drop for SurfaceBlurEffect {
+    fn drop(&mut self) {
+        match self {
+            SurfaceBlurEffect::Ext(surface) => surface.destroy(),
+            SurfaceBlurEffect::Kwin(blur, mgr, wl_surface) => {
+                blur.set_region(None);
+                blur.commit();
+                blur.release();
+                mgr.unset(wl_surface);
+            },
+        }
+    }
+}

winit-wayland/src/types/ext_background_effect.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+use sctk::globals::GlobalData;
+use sctk::reexports::client::globals::{BindError, GlobalList};
+use sctk::reexports::client::protocol::wl_surface::WlSurface;
+use sctk::reexports::client::{Connection, Dispatch, Proxy, QueueHandle, delegate_dispatch};
+use wayland_protocols::ext::background_effect::v1::client::ext_background_effect_manager_v1::ExtBackgroundEffectManagerV1;
+use wayland_protocols::ext::background_effect::v1::client::ext_background_effect_surface_v1::ExtBackgroundEffectSurfaceV1;
+
+use crate::state::WinitState;
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+pub struct ExtBackgroundEffectManager {
+    manager: ExtBackgroundEffectManagerV1,
+}
+
+impl ExtBackgroundEffectManager {
+    pub fn new(
+        globals: &GlobalList,
+        queue_handle: &QueueHandle<WinitState>,
+    ) -> Result<Self, BindError> {
+        let manager = globals.bind(queue_handle, 1..=1, GlobalData)?;
+        Ok(Self { manager })
+    }
+
+    pub fn blur(
+        &mut self,
+        surface: &WlSurface,
+        queue_handle: &QueueHandle<WinitState>,
+    ) -> ExtBackgroundEffectSurfaceV1 {
+        self.manager.get_background_effect(surface, queue_handle, ())
+    }
+}
+
+impl Dispatch<ExtBackgroundEffectManagerV1, GlobalData, WinitState> for ExtBackgroundEffectManager {
+    fn event(
+        _: &mut WinitState,
+        _: &ExtBackgroundEffectManagerV1,
+        _: <ExtBackgroundEffectManagerV1 as Proxy>::Event,
+        _: &GlobalData,
+        _: &Connection,
+        _: &QueueHandle<WinitState>,
+    ) {
+    }
+}
+
+impl Dispatch<ExtBackgroundEffectSurfaceV1, (), WinitState> for ExtBackgroundEffectManager {
+    fn event(
+        _: &mut WinitState,
+        _: &ExtBackgroundEffectSurfaceV1,
+        _: <ExtBackgroundEffectSurfaceV1 as Proxy>::Event,
+        _: &(),
+        _: &Connection,
+        _: &QueueHandle<WinitState>,
+    ) {
+        // There is no event
+    }
+}
+
+delegate_dispatch!(WinitState: [ExtBackgroundEffectManagerV1: GlobalData] => ExtBackgroundEffectManager);
+delegate_dispatch!(WinitState: [ExtBackgroundEffectSurfaceV1: ()] => ExtBackgroundEffectManager);

winit-wayland/src/types/mod.rs

@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 //! Wayland protocol implementation boilerplate.
 
+pub mod bgr_effects;
 pub mod cursor;
+pub mod ext_background_effect;
 pub mod kwin_blur;
 pub mod wp_fractional_scaling;
 pub mod wp_tablet_input_v2;

winit-wayland/src/types/wp_tablet_input_v2.rs

@@ -21,6 +21,13 @@ use sctk::reexports::protocols::wp::tablet::zv2::client::zwp_tablet_tool_v2::{
     ButtonState, Event as ToolEvent, Type as ToolType, ZwpTabletToolV2,
 };
 use sctk::reexports::protocols::wp::tablet::zv2::client::zwp_tablet_v2::ZwpTabletV2;
+use wayland_protocols::wp::tablet::zv2::client::zwp_tablet_pad_dial_v2::ZwpTabletPadDialV2;
+use wayland_protocols::wp::tablet::zv2::client::zwp_tablet_pad_group_v2::{
+    self, ZwpTabletPadGroupV2,
+};
+use wayland_protocols::wp::tablet::zv2::client::zwp_tablet_pad_ring_v2::ZwpTabletPadRingV2;
+use wayland_protocols::wp::tablet::zv2::client::zwp_tablet_pad_strip_v2::ZwpTabletPadStripV2;
+use wayland_protocols::wp::tablet::zv2::client::zwp_tablet_pad_v2;
 use winit_core::event::{
     ButtonSource, ElementState, Force, PointerKind, PointerSource, TabletToolButton,
     TabletToolData as CoreTabletToolData, TabletToolKind, TabletToolTilt, WindowEvent,
@@ -324,6 +331,10 @@ impl Dispatch<ZwpTabletV2, (), WinitState> for TabletManager {
 }
 
 impl Dispatch<ZwpTabletPadV2, (), WinitState> for TabletManager {
+    event_created_child!(WinitState, ZwpTabletPadV2, [
+        zwp_tablet_pad_v2::EVT_GROUP_OPCODE => (ZwpTabletPadGroupV2, Default::default()),
+    ]);
+
     fn event(
         _: &mut WinitState,
         _: &ZwpTabletPadV2,
@@ -335,9 +346,67 @@ impl Dispatch<ZwpTabletPadV2, (), WinitState> for TabletManager {
     }
 }
 
+impl Dispatch<ZwpTabletPadGroupV2, (), WinitState> for TabletManager {
+    event_created_child!(WinitState, ZwpTabletPadGroupV2, [
+        zwp_tablet_pad_group_v2::EVT_RING_OPCODE => (ZwpTabletPadRingV2, Default::default()),
+        zwp_tablet_pad_group_v2::EVT_STRIP_OPCODE => (ZwpTabletPadStripV2, Default::default()),
+        zwp_tablet_pad_group_v2::EVT_DIAL_OPCODE => (ZwpTabletPadDialV2, Default::default()),
+    ]);
+
+    fn event(
+        _: &mut WinitState,
+        _: &ZwpTabletPadGroupV2,
+        _: <ZwpTabletPadGroupV2 as Proxy>::Event,
+        _: &(),
+        _: &Connection,
+        _: &QueueHandle<WinitState>,
+    ) {
+    }
+}
+
+impl Dispatch<ZwpTabletPadRingV2, (), WinitState> for TabletManager {
+    fn event(
+        _: &mut WinitState,
+        _: &ZwpTabletPadRingV2,
+        _: <ZwpTabletPadRingV2 as Proxy>::Event,
+        _: &(),
+        _: &Connection,
+        _: &QueueHandle<WinitState>,
+    ) {
+    }
+}
+
+impl Dispatch<ZwpTabletPadStripV2, (), WinitState> for TabletManager {
+    fn event(
+        _: &mut WinitState,
+        _: &ZwpTabletPadStripV2,
+        _: <ZwpTabletPadStripV2 as Proxy>::Event,
+        _: &(),
+        _: &Connection,
+        _: &QueueHandle<WinitState>,
+    ) {
+    }
+}
+
+impl Dispatch<ZwpTabletPadDialV2, (), WinitState> for TabletManager {
+    fn event(
+        _: &mut WinitState,
+        _: &ZwpTabletPadDialV2,
+        _: <ZwpTabletPadDialV2 as Proxy>::Event,
+        _: &(),
+        _: &Connection,
+        _: &QueueHandle<WinitState>,
+    ) {
+    }
+}
+
 delegate_dispatch!(WinitState: [ZwpTabletManagerV2: GlobalData] => TabletManager);
 delegate_dispatch!(WinitState: [ZwpTabletManagerV2: ()] => TabletManager);
 delegate_dispatch!(WinitState: [ZwpTabletSeatV2: ()] => TabletManager);
 delegate_dispatch!(WinitState: [ZwpTabletV2: ()] => TabletManager);
 delegate_dispatch!(WinitState: [ZwpTabletToolV2: TabletToolData] => TabletManager);
 delegate_dispatch!(WinitState: [ZwpTabletPadV2: ()] => TabletManager);
+delegate_dispatch!(WinitState: [ZwpTabletPadGroupV2: ()] => TabletManager);
+delegate_dispatch!(WinitState: [ZwpTabletPadRingV2: ()] => TabletManager);
+delegate_dispatch!(WinitState: [ZwpTabletPadStripV2: ()] => TabletManager);
+delegate_dispatch!(WinitState: [ZwpTabletPadDialV2: ()] => TabletManager);

winit-wayland/src/window/mod.rs

@@ -127,7 +127,8 @@ impl Window {
         // Set transparency hint.
         window_state.set_transparent(attributes.transparent);
 
-        window_state.set_blur(attributes.blur);
+        // Set blur.
+        let _ = window_state.set_blur(attributes.blur);
 
         // Set the decorations hint.
         window_state.set_decorate(attributes.decorations);
@@ -171,6 +172,12 @@ impl Window {
             Cursor::Custom(cursor) => window_state.set_custom_cursor(cursor),
         }
 
+        // Apply resize increments.
+        if let Some(increments) = attributes.surface_resize_increments {
+            let increments = increments.to_logical(window_state.scale_factor());
+            window_state.set_resize_increments(Some(increments));
+        }
+
         // Activate the window when the token is passed.
         if let (Some(xdg_activation), Some(token)) = (xdg_activation.as_ref(), activation_token) {
             xdg_activation.activate(token.into_raw(), &surface);
@@ -370,11 +377,18 @@ impl CoreWindow for Window {
     }
 
     fn surface_resize_increments(&self) -> Option<PhysicalSize<u32>> {
-        None
+        let window_state = self.window_state.lock().unwrap();
+        let scale_factor = window_state.scale_factor();
+        window_state
+            .resize_increments()
+            .map(|size| super::logical_to_physical_rounded(size, scale_factor))
     }
 
-    fn set_surface_resize_increments(&self, _increments: Option<Size>) {
-        warn!("`set_surface_resize_increments` is not implemented for Wayland");
+    fn set_surface_resize_increments(&self, increments: Option<Size>) {
+        let mut window_state = self.window_state.lock().unwrap();
+        let scale_factor = window_state.scale_factor();
+        let increments = increments.map(|size| size.to_logical(scale_factor));
+        window_state.set_resize_increments(increments);
     }
 
     fn set_title(&self, title: &str) {
@@ -485,7 +499,9 @@ impl CoreWindow for Window {
 
     #[inline]
     fn set_blur(&self, blur: bool) {
-        self.window_state.lock().unwrap().set_blur(blur);
+        if self.window_state.lock().unwrap().set_blur(blur) {
+            self.request_redraw();
+        }
     }
 
     #[inline]

winit-wayland/src/window/state.rs

@@ -4,8 +4,8 @@ use std::num::NonZeroU32;
 use std::sync::{Arc, Mutex, Weak};
 use std::time::Duration;
 
-use ahash::HashSet;
 use dpi::{LogicalPosition, LogicalSize, PhysicalPosition, PhysicalSize, Size};
+use foldhash::HashSet;
 use sctk::compositor::{CompositorState, Region, SurfaceData, SurfaceDataExt};
 use sctk::globals::GlobalData;
 use sctk::reexports::client::backend::ObjectId;
@@ -29,7 +29,6 @@ use sctk::shm::slot::SlotPool;
 use sctk::subcompositor::SubcompositorState;
 use tracing::{info, warn};
 use wayland_protocols::xdg::toplevel_icon::v1::client::xdg_toplevel_icon_manager_v1::XdgToplevelIconManagerV1;
-use wayland_protocols_plasma::blur::client::org_kde_kwin_blur::OrgKdeKwinBlur;
 use winit_core::cursor::{CursorIcon, CustomCursor as CoreCustomCursor};
 use winit_core::error::{NotSupportedError, RequestError};
 use winit_core::window::{
@@ -43,8 +42,8 @@ use crate::seat::{
     ZwpTextInputV3Ext,
 };
 use crate::state::{WindowCompositorUpdate, WinitState};
+use crate::types::bgr_effects::{BgrEffectManager, SurfaceBlurEffect};
 use crate::types::cursor::{CustomCursor, SelectedCursor, WaylandCustomCursor};
-use crate::types::kwin_blur::KWinBlurManager;
 use crate::types::xdg_toplevel_icon_manager::ToplevelIcon;
 
 #[cfg(feature = "sctk-adwaita")]
@@ -140,6 +139,7 @@ pub struct WindowState {
     /// Min size.
     min_surface_size: LogicalSize<u32>,
     max_surface_size: Option<LogicalSize<u32>>,
+    resize_increments: Option<LogicalSize<u32>>,
 
     /// The size of the window when no states were applied to it. The primary use for it
     /// is to fallback to original window size, before it was maximized, if the compositor
@@ -155,8 +155,8 @@ pub struct WindowState {
 
     viewport: Option<WpViewport>,
     fractional_scale: Option<WpFractionalScaleV1>,
-    blur: Option<OrgKdeKwinBlur>,
-    blur_manager: Option<KWinBlurManager>,
+    blur: Option<SurfaceBlurEffect>,
+    blur_manager: Option<BgrEffectManager>,
 
     /// Whether the client side decorations have pending move operations.
     ///
@@ -205,7 +205,7 @@ impl WindowState {
             toplevel_icon: None,
             xdg_toplevel_icon_manager,
             blur: None,
-            blur_manager: winit_state.kwin_blur_manager.clone(),
+            blur_manager: winit_state.blur_manager.clone(),
             compositor,
             handle,
             csd_fails: false,
@@ -223,6 +223,7 @@ impl WindowState {
             last_configure: None,
             max_surface_size: None,
             min_surface_size: MIN_WINDOW_SIZE,
+            resize_increments: None,
             pointer_constraints,
             pointers: Default::default(),
             queue_handle: queue_handle.clone(),
@@ -361,6 +362,42 @@ impl WindowState {
                 .unwrap_or(new_size.height);
         }
 
+        // Apply size increments.
+        //
+        // We conditionally apply increments to avoid conflicts with the compositor's layout rules:
+        // 1. If the window is floating (constrain == true), we snap to increments to ensure the
+        //    app's grid alignment.
+        // 2. If the user is interactively resizing (is_resizing), we snap the size to provide
+        //    feedback.
+        //
+        // However, we MUST NOT snap if the compositor enforces a specific size (constrain == false,
+        // or states like Maximized/Tiled). Snapping in these cases (e.g. corner tiling) would
+        // shrink the window below the allocated area, creating visible gaps between valid
+        // windows or screen edges.
+        if (constrain || configure.is_resizing())
+            && !configure.is_maximized()
+            && !configure.is_fullscreen()
+            && !configure.is_tiled()
+        {
+            if let Some(increments) = self.resize_increments {
+                // We use min size as a base size for the increments, similar to how X11 does it.
+                //
+                // This ensures that we can always reach the min size and the increments are
+                // calculated from it.
+                let (delta_width, delta_height) = (
+                    new_size.width.saturating_sub(self.min_surface_size.width),
+                    new_size.height.saturating_sub(self.min_surface_size.height),
+                );
+
+                let width = self.min_surface_size.width
+                    + (delta_width / increments.width) * increments.width;
+                let height = self.min_surface_size.height
+                    + (delta_height / increments.height) * increments.height;
+
+                new_size = (width, height).into();
+            }
+        }
+
         let new_state = configure.state;
         let old_state = self.last_configure.as_ref().map(|configure| configure.state);
 
@@ -704,6 +741,13 @@ impl WindowState {
             // Set surface size without the borders.
             viewport.set_destination(self.size.width as _, self.size.height as _);
         }
+
+        // Update blur region with new size.
+        if self.blur.is_some() {
+            // NOTE: either user resized or configure, in both cases
+            // the redraw scheduling is done on the caller side.
+            let _ = self.set_blur(true);
+        }
     }
 
     /// Get the scale factor of the window.
@@ -749,6 +793,18 @@ impl WindowState {
         self.selected_cursor = SelectedCursor::Custom(cursor);
     }
 
+    /// Set the resize increments of the window.
+    pub fn set_resize_increments(&mut self, increments: Option<LogicalSize<u32>>) {
+        self.resize_increments = increments;
+        // NOTE: We don't update the window size here, because it will be done on the next resize
+        // or configure event.
+    }
+
+    /// Get the resize increments of the window.
+    pub fn resize_increments(&self) -> Option<LogicalSize<u32>> {
+        self.resize_increments
+    }
+
     fn apply_custom_cursor(&self, cursor: &CustomCursor) {
         self.apply_on_pointer(|pointer, data| {
             let surface = pointer.surface();
@@ -1063,20 +1119,37 @@ impl WindowState {
         }
     }
 
-    /// Make window background blurred
-    #[inline]
-    pub fn set_blur(&mut self, blurred: bool) {
-        if blurred && self.blur.is_none() {
-            if let Some(blur_manager) = self.blur_manager.as_ref() {
-                let blur = blur_manager.blur(self.window.wl_surface(), &self.queue_handle);
-                blur.commit();
-                self.blur = Some(blur);
-            } else {
-                info!("Blur manager unavailable, unable to change blur")
-            }
-        } else if !blurred && self.blur.is_some() {
-            self.blur_manager.as_ref().unwrap().unset(self.window.wl_surface());
-            self.blur.take().unwrap().release();
+    /// Make window background blurred.
+    ///
+    /// Returns `true` if redraw is required.
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn set_blur(&mut self, blurred: bool) -> bool {
+        if !blurred {
+            self.blur = None;
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        let mgr = match self.blur_manager.as_mut() {
+            Some(mgr) => mgr,
+            None => {
+                info!("Blur manager unavailable, unable to change blur");
+                return false;
+            },
+        };
+
+        let blur = match self.blur.as_ref() {
+            Some(blur) => blur,
+            None => {
+                self.blur = Some(mgr.new_blur_effect(self.window.wl_surface(), &self.queue_handle));
+                self.blur.as_ref().unwrap()
+            },
+        };
+
+        if let Ok(region) = Region::new(&*self.compositor) {
+            region.add(0, 0, i32::MAX, i32::MAX);
+            blur.set_blur(Some(&region))
+        } else {
+            false
         }
     }
 
@@ -1174,10 +1247,6 @@ impl WindowState {
 
 impl Drop for WindowState {
     fn drop(&mut self) {
-        if let Some(blur) = self.blur.take() {
-            blur.release();
-        }
-
         if let Some(fs) = self.fractional_scale.take() {
             fs.destroy();
         }

winit-web/src/monitor.rs

@@ -526,7 +526,7 @@ impl MonitorHandler {
                     },
                 };
 
-                // Notifying `Future`s is not dependant on the lifetime of the runner,
+                // Notifying `Future`s is not dependent on the lifetime of the runner,
                 // because they can outlive it.
                 if let Some(runner) = runner.upgrade() {
                     if let Some(details) = details {
@@ -761,7 +761,7 @@ impl MonitorPermissionFuture {
         wasm_bindgen_futures::spawn_local(async move {
             match future.await {
                 Ok(details) => {
-                    // Notifying `Future`s is not dependant on the lifetime of the runner, because
+                    // Notifying `Future`s is not dependent on the lifetime of the runner, because
                     // they can outlive it.
                     notifier.notify(Ok(()));
 

winit-win32/src/dark_mode.rs

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ use std::sync::LazyLock;
 /// which is inspired by the solution in https://github.com/ysc3839/win32-darkmode
 use std::{ffi::c_void, ptr};
 
-use windows_sys::Win32::Foundation::{BOOL, HWND, LPARAM, S_OK, WPARAM};
+use windows_sys::Win32::Foundation::{HWND, LPARAM, S_OK, WPARAM};
 use windows_sys::Win32::System::LibraryLoader::{GetProcAddress, LoadLibraryA};
 use windows_sys::Win32::UI::Accessibility::{HCF_HIGHCONTRASTON, HIGHCONTRASTA};
 use windows_sys::Win32::UI::Controls::SetWindowTheme;
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ use windows_sys::Win32::UI::Input::KeyboardAndMouse::GetActiveWindow;
 use windows_sys::Win32::UI::WindowsAndMessaging::{
     DefWindowProcW, SPI_GETHIGHCONTRAST, SystemParametersInfoA, WM_NCACTIVATE,
 };
-use windows_sys::core::{PCSTR, PCWSTR};
+use windows_sys::core::{BOOL, PCSTR, PCWSTR};
 use windows_sys::w;
 use winit_core::window::Theme;
 

winit-win32/src/definitions.rs

@@ -3,9 +3,9 @@
 
 use std::ffi::c_void;
 
-use windows_sys::Win32::Foundation::{BOOL, HWND, POINTL};
+use windows_sys::Win32::Foundation::{HWND, POINTL};
 use windows_sys::Win32::System::Com::{FORMATETC, STGMEDIUM};
-use windows_sys::core::{GUID, HRESULT};
+use windows_sys::core::{BOOL, GUID, HRESULT};
 
 pub type IUnknown = *mut c_void;
 pub type IAdviseSink = *mut c_void;

winit-win32/src/event_loop.rs

@@ -51,12 +51,12 @@ use windows_sys::Win32::UI::WindowsAndMessaging::{
     SystemParametersInfoW, TranslateMessage, WHEEL_DELTA, WINDOWPOS, WM_CAPTURECHANGED, WM_CLOSE,
     WM_CREATE, WM_DESTROY, WM_DPICHANGED, WM_ENTERSIZEMOVE, WM_EXITSIZEMOVE, WM_GETMINMAXINFO,
     WM_IME_COMPOSITION, WM_IME_ENDCOMPOSITION, WM_IME_SETCONTEXT, WM_IME_STARTCOMPOSITION,
-    WM_INPUT, WM_KEYDOWN, WM_KEYUP, WM_KILLFOCUS, WM_LBUTTONDOWN, WM_LBUTTONUP, WM_MBUTTONDOWN,
-    WM_MBUTTONUP, WM_MENUCHAR, WM_MOUSEHWHEEL, WM_MOUSEMOVE, WM_MOUSEWHEEL, WM_NCACTIVATE,
-    WM_NCCALCSIZE, WM_NCCREATE, WM_NCDESTROY, WM_NCLBUTTONDOWN, WM_PAINT, WM_POINTERDOWN,
-    WM_POINTERUP, WM_POINTERUPDATE, WM_RBUTTONDOWN, WM_RBUTTONUP, WM_SETCURSOR, WM_SETFOCUS,
-    WM_SETTINGCHANGE, WM_SIZE, WM_SIZING, WM_SYSCOMMAND, WM_SYSKEYDOWN, WM_SYSKEYUP, WM_TOUCH,
-    WM_WINDOWPOSCHANGED, WM_WINDOWPOSCHANGING, WM_XBUTTONDOWN, WM_XBUTTONUP, WMSZ_BOTTOM,
+    WM_INPUT, WM_INPUTLANGCHANGE, WM_KEYDOWN, WM_KEYUP, WM_KILLFOCUS, WM_LBUTTONDOWN, WM_LBUTTONUP,
+    WM_MBUTTONDOWN, WM_MBUTTONUP, WM_MENUCHAR, WM_MOUSEHWHEEL, WM_MOUSEMOVE, WM_MOUSEWHEEL,
+    WM_NCACTIVATE, WM_NCCALCSIZE, WM_NCCREATE, WM_NCDESTROY, WM_NCLBUTTONDOWN, WM_PAINT,
+    WM_POINTERDOWN, WM_POINTERUP, WM_POINTERUPDATE, WM_RBUTTONDOWN, WM_RBUTTONUP, WM_SETCURSOR,
+    WM_SETFOCUS, WM_SETTINGCHANGE, WM_SIZE, WM_SIZING, WM_SYSCOMMAND, WM_SYSKEYDOWN, WM_SYSKEYUP,
+    WM_TOUCH, WM_WINDOWPOSCHANGED, WM_WINDOWPOSCHANGING, WM_XBUTTONDOWN, WM_XBUTTONUP, WMSZ_BOTTOM,
     WMSZ_BOTTOMLEFT, WMSZ_BOTTOMRIGHT, WMSZ_LEFT, WMSZ_RIGHT, WMSZ_TOP, WMSZ_TOPLEFT,
     WMSZ_TOPRIGHT, WNDCLASSEXW, WS_EX_LAYERED, WS_EX_NOACTIVATE, WS_EX_TOOLWINDOW,
     WS_EX_TRANSPARENT, WS_OVERLAPPED, WS_POPUP, WS_VISIBLE,
@@ -528,9 +528,11 @@ fn main_thread_id() -> u32 {
     //
     // See: https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/reference/abi.html#the-link_section-attribute
     #[unsafe(link_section = ".CRT$XCU")]
-    static INIT_MAIN_THREAD_ID: unsafe fn() = {
-        unsafe fn initer() {
-            unsafe { MAIN_THREAD_ID = GetCurrentThreadId() };
+    static INIT_MAIN_THREAD_ID: unsafe extern "C" fn() = {
+        unsafe extern "C" fn initer() {
+            unsafe {
+                MAIN_THREAD_ID = GetCurrentThreadId();
+            }
         }
         initer
     };
@@ -1501,8 +1503,23 @@ unsafe fn public_window_callback_inner(
         },
 
         WM_IME_SETCONTEXT => {
-            // Hide composing text drawn by IME.
-            let wparam = wparam & (!ISC_SHOWUICOMPOSITIONWINDOW as usize);
+            // IME UI visibility flags are in lparam.
+            let lparam = lparam & !(ISC_SHOWUICOMPOSITIONWINDOW as isize);
+            result = ProcResult::Value(unsafe { DefWindowProcW(window, msg, wparam, lparam) });
+        },
+
+        WM_INPUTLANGCHANGE => {
+            // Refresh the cached keyboard layout for the newly activated input
+            // language. This message is sent (by Windows or by layout switchers
+            // such as Punto Switcher) after the layout changes. Refreshing the
+            // cache here prevents a freeze that otherwise occurs when switching
+            // layout via such tools. We still defer to `DefWindowProc` so the
+            // message keeps propagating to first-level child windows, as the
+            // Win32 documentation requires.
+            {
+                let mut layouts = LAYOUT_CACHE.lock().unwrap();
+                layouts.get_current_layout();
+            }
             result = ProcResult::DefWindowProc(wparam);
         },
 

winit-win32/src/keyboard_layout.rs

@@ -387,11 +387,7 @@ impl LayoutCache {
                 let unicode = Self::to_unicode_string(&key_state, vk, scancode, locale_id);
                 let key = match unicode {
                     ToUnicodeResult::Str(str) => Key::Character(SmolStr::new(str)),
-                    ToUnicodeResult::Dead(dead_char) => {
-                        // println!("{:?} - {:?} produced dead {:?}", key_code, mod_state,
-                        // dead_char);
-                        Key::Dead(dead_char)
-                    },
+                    ToUnicodeResult::Dead(dead_char) => Key::Dead(dead_char),
                     ToUnicodeResult::None => {
                         let has_alt = mod_state.contains(WindowsModifiers::ALT);
                         let has_ctrl = mod_state.contains(WindowsModifiers::CONTROL);

winit-win32/src/monitor.rs

@@ -4,13 +4,14 @@ use std::num::{NonZeroU16, NonZeroU32};
 use std::{io, iter, mem, ptr};
 
 use dpi::{PhysicalPosition, PhysicalSize};
-use windows_sys::Win32::Foundation::{BOOL, HWND, LPARAM, POINT, RECT};
+use windows_sys::Win32::Foundation::{HWND, LPARAM, POINT, RECT};
 use windows_sys::Win32::Graphics::Gdi::{
     DEVMODEW, DM_BITSPERPEL, DM_DISPLAYFREQUENCY, DM_PELSHEIGHT, DM_PELSWIDTH,
     ENUM_CURRENT_SETTINGS, EnumDisplayMonitors, EnumDisplaySettingsExW, GetMonitorInfoW, HDC,
     HMONITOR, MONITOR_DEFAULTTONEAREST, MONITOR_DEFAULTTOPRIMARY, MONITORINFO, MONITORINFOEXW,
     MonitorFromPoint, MonitorFromWindow,
 };
+use windows_sys::core::BOOL;
 use winit_core::monitor::{MonitorHandleProvider, VideoMode};
 
 use super::util::decode_wide;

winit-win32/src/util.rs

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ use std::sync::LazyLock;
 use std::sync::atomic::{AtomicBool, Ordering};
 use std::{io, mem, ptr};
 
-use windows_sys::Win32::Foundation::{BOOL, HANDLE, HMODULE, HWND, NTSTATUS, POINT, RECT};
+use windows_sys::Win32::Foundation::{HANDLE, HMODULE, HWND, NTSTATUS, POINT, RECT};
 use windows_sys::Win32::Graphics::Gdi::{ClientToScreen, HMONITOR};
 use windows_sys::Win32::System::LibraryLoader::{GetProcAddress, LoadLibraryA};
 use windows_sys::Win32::System::SystemInformation::OSVERSIONINFOW;
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ use windows_sys::Win32::UI::WindowsAndMessaging::{
     SM_CXVIRTUALSCREEN, SM_CYVIRTUALSCREEN, SM_XVIRTUALSCREEN, SM_YVIRTUALSCREEN, SW_MAXIMIZE,
     ShowCursor, WINDOW_LONG_PTR_INDEX, WINDOWPLACEMENT,
 };
-use windows_sys::core::{HRESULT, PCWSTR};
+use windows_sys::core::{BOOL, HRESULT, PCWSTR};
 use winit_core::cursor::CursorIcon;
 use winit_core::event::DeviceId;
 

winit-x11/src/event_processor.rs

@@ -1757,7 +1757,7 @@ impl EventProcessor {
                 .find(|prev_monitor| prev_monitor.name == new_monitor.name)
                 .map(|prev_monitor| prev_monitor.scale_factor);
             if Some(new_monitor.scale_factor) != maybe_prev_scale_factor {
-                for window in self.target.windows.borrow().iter().filter_map(|(_, w)| w.upgrade()) {
+                for window in self.target.windows.borrow().values().filter_map(|w| w.upgrade()) {
                     window.refresh_dpi_for_monitor(
                         &new_monitor,
                         maybe_prev_scale_factor,

winit-x11/src/ime/inner.rs

@@ -50,8 +50,13 @@ impl ImeInner {
     }
 
     pub unsafe fn close_im_if_necessary(&self) -> Result<bool, XError> {
-        if !self.is_destroyed && self.im.is_some() {
-            unsafe { close_im(&self.xconn, self.im.as_ref().unwrap().im) }.map(|_| true)
+        if !self.is_destroyed {
+            if let Some(im) = &self.im {
+                unsafe { close_im(&self.xconn, im.im) }?;
+                Ok(true)
+            } else {
+                Ok(false)
+            }
         } else {
             Ok(false)
         }

winit-x11/src/util/keys.rs

@@ -60,16 +60,18 @@ impl Iterator for KeymapIter<'_> {
 
 impl XConnection {
     pub fn query_keymap(&self) -> Keymap {
-        let mut keys = [0; 32];
-
-        unsafe {
-            (self.xlib.XQueryKeymap)(self.display, keys.as_mut_ptr() as *mut c_char);
-        }
+        let keys = self
+            .xcb_connection()
+            .query_keymap()
+            .expect("Failed to query keymap")
+            .reply()
+            .expect("Missing reply")
+            .keys;
 
         Keymap { keys }
     }
 }
 
 fn first_bit(b: u8) -> u8 {
-    1 << b.trailing_zeros()
+    b & b.wrapping_neg()
 }

winit-x11/src/util/mod.rs

@@ -66,7 +66,6 @@ impl XConnection {
     // All util functions that abstract an async function will return a `Flusher`.
     pub fn flush_requests(&self) -> Result<(), XError> {
         unsafe { (self.xlib.XFlush)(self.display) };
-        // println!("XFlush");
         // This isn't necessarily a useful time to check for errors (since our request hasn't
         // necessarily been processed yet)
         self.check_errors()
@@ -74,7 +73,6 @@ impl XConnection {
 
     pub fn sync_with_server(&self) -> Result<(), XError> {
         unsafe { (self.xlib.XSync)(self.display, ffi::False) };
-        // println!("XSync");
         self.check_errors()
     }
 }

winit-x11/src/window.rs

@@ -26,10 +26,9 @@ use winit_core::window::{
 };
 use x11rb::connection::{Connection, RequestConnection};
 use x11rb::properties::{WmHints, WmSizeHints, WmSizeHintsSpecification};
-use x11rb::protocol::shape::SK;
+use x11rb::protocol::shape::{ConnectionExt as ShapeExt, SK, SO};
 use x11rb::protocol::sync::{ConnectionExt as _, Int64};
-use x11rb::protocol::xfixes::{ConnectionExt, RegionWrapper};
-use x11rb::protocol::xproto::{self, ConnectionExt as _, Rectangle};
+use x11rb::protocol::xproto::{self, ClipOrdering, ConnectionExt as _, Rectangle};
 use x11rb::protocol::{randr, xinput};
 
 use crate::atoms::*;
@@ -1967,6 +1966,15 @@ impl UnownedWindow {
 
     #[inline]
     pub fn set_cursor_hittest(&self, hittest: bool) -> Result<(), RequestError> {
+        // Implement cursor hittest for X11 by either setting an empty or full window input shape.
+
+        // In X11, every window has two "shapes":
+        //   * Bounding shape: defines the visible outline of the window.
+        //   * Input shape: defines the region of the window that receives pointer/keyboard events.
+        // If the input shape is the full window rectangle, the window behaves normally.
+        // If the input shape is empty, the window is completely click‑through.
+        // Here, we implement hit test by mapping `hittest = true` to "restore a full input shape"
+        // and `hittest = false` to "clear the input shape" (empty list of rectangles).
         let mut rectangles: Vec<Rectangle> = Vec::new();
         if hittest {
             let size = self.surface_size();
@@ -1977,11 +1985,17 @@ impl UnownedWindow {
                 height: size.height as u16,
             })
         }
-        let region = RegionWrapper::create_region(self.xconn.xcb_connection(), &rectangles)
-            .map_err(|_e| RequestError::Ignored)?;
         self.xconn
             .xcb_connection()
-            .xfixes_set_window_shape_region(self.xwindow, SK::INPUT, 0, 0, region.region())
+            .shape_rectangles(
+                SO::SET,
+                SK::INPUT,
+                ClipOrdering::UNSORTED,
+                self.xwindow,
+                0,
+                0,
+                &rectangles,
+            )
             .map_err(|_e| RequestError::Ignored)?;
         self.shared_state_lock().cursor_hittest = Some(hittest);
         Ok(())

winit-x11/src/xdisplay.rs

@@ -250,9 +250,7 @@ impl XConnection {
         // Store the timestamp in the slot if it's greater than the last one.
         let mut last_timestamp = self.timestamp.load(Ordering::Relaxed);
         loop {
-            let wrapping_sub = |a: xproto::Timestamp, b: xproto::Timestamp| (a as i32) - (b as i32);
-
-            if wrapping_sub(timestamp, last_timestamp) <= 0 {
+            if (timestamp as i32).wrapping_sub(last_timestamp as i32) <= 0 {
                 break;
             }
 

winit/Cargo.toml

@@ -78,8 +78,10 @@ winit-core.workspace = true
 image = { workspace = true, features = ["png"] }
 tracing = { workspace = true, features = ["log"] }
 tracing-subscriber = { workspace = true, features = ["env-filter"] }
-
-[target.'cfg(not(target_os = "android"))'.dev-dependencies]
+# Launching a window without drawing to it has unpredictable results varying from platform to
+# platform. We use the `softbuffer` crate in our examples because of its ease of use to avoid
+# confusion around this. `glutin` or `wgpu` could also be used to fill the window buffer, but they
+# are more complicated to set up.
 softbuffer.workspace = true
 
 [target.'cfg(target_os = "android")'.dependencies]

winit/build.rs

@@ -1,7 +1,9 @@
 use cfg_aliases::cfg_aliases;
 
+// Only relevant for examples and Winit, our usage of println! is fine here.
+#[allow(clippy::disallowed_macros)]
 fn main() {
-    // The script doesn't depend on our code.
+    // Dummy invocation to enable change-tracking in build scripts.
     println!("cargo:rerun-if-changed=build.rs");
 
     // Setup cfg aliases.

winit/examples/application.rs

@@ -7,28 +7,24 @@ use std::borrow::Cow;
 use std::collections::HashMap;
 use std::error::Error;
 use std::fmt::Debug;
-#[cfg(not(android_platform))]
 use std::num::NonZeroU32;
 use std::sync::Arc;
 use std::sync::mpsc::{self, Receiver, Sender};
-#[cfg(all(not(android_platform), not(web_platform)))]
+#[cfg(not(web_platform))]
 use std::time::Instant;
 use std::{fmt, mem};
 
 use cursor_icon::CursorIcon;
-#[cfg(not(android_platform))]
-use rwh_06::{DisplayHandle, HasDisplayHandle};
-#[cfg(not(android_platform))]
 use softbuffer::{Context, Surface};
 use tracing::{error, info};
-#[cfg(all(web_platform, not(android_platform)))]
+#[cfg(web_platform)]
 use web_time::Instant;
 use winit::application::ApplicationHandler;
 use winit::cursor::{Cursor, CustomCursor, CustomCursorSource};
 use winit::dpi::{LogicalSize, PhysicalPosition, PhysicalSize};
 use winit::error::RequestError;
 use winit::event::{DeviceEvent, DeviceId, MouseButton, MouseScrollDelta, WindowEvent};
-use winit::event_loop::{ActiveEventLoop, EventLoop};
+use winit::event_loop::{ActiveEventLoop, EventLoop, OwnedDisplayHandle};
 use winit::icon::{Icon, RgbaIcon};
 use winit::keyboard::{Key, ModifiersState};
 use winit::monitor::Fullscreen;
@@ -48,9 +44,6 @@ use winit_core::application::macos::ApplicationHandlerExtMacOS;
 #[path = "util/tracing.rs"]
 mod tracing_init;
 
-#[path = "util/fill.rs"]
-mod fill;
-
 /// The amount of points to around the window for drag resize direction calculations.
 const BORDER_SIZE: f64 = 20.;
 
@@ -97,22 +90,12 @@ struct Application {
     /// Drawing context.
     ///
     /// With OpenGL it could be EGLDisplay.
-    #[cfg(not(android_platform))]
-    context: Option<Context<DisplayHandle<'static>>>,
+    context: Context<OwnedDisplayHandle>,
 }
 
 impl Application {
     fn new(event_loop: &EventLoop, receiver: Receiver<Action>, sender: Sender<Action>) -> Self {
-        // SAFETY: we drop the context right before the event loop is stopped, thus making it safe.
-        #[cfg(not(android_platform))]
-        let context = Some(
-            Context::new(unsafe {
-                std::mem::transmute::<DisplayHandle<'_>, DisplayHandle<'static>>(
-                    event_loop.display_handle().unwrap(),
-                )
-            })
-            .unwrap(),
-        );
+        let context = Context::new(event_loop.owned_display_handle()).unwrap();
 
         // You'll have to choose an icon size at your own discretion. On X11, the desired size
         // varies by WM, and on Windows, you still have to account for screen scaling. Here
@@ -130,15 +113,7 @@ impl Application {
         .into_iter()
         .collect();
 
-        Self {
-            receiver,
-            sender,
-            #[cfg(not(android_platform))]
-            context,
-            custom_cursors,
-            icon,
-            windows: Default::default(),
-        }
+        Self { receiver, sender, context, custom_cursors, icon, windows: Default::default() }
     }
 
     fn create_window(
@@ -251,6 +226,12 @@ impl Application {
             Action::ToggleSimpleFullscreen => {
                 window.window.set_simple_fullscreen(!window.window.simple_fullscreen());
             },
+            #[cfg(macos_platform)]
+            Action::ToggleBorderlessGame => {
+                let current = window.window.is_borderless_game();
+                window.window.set_borderless_game(!current);
+                info!("Borderless game: {}", !current);
+            },
             Action::ToggleMaximize => window.toggle_maximize(),
             Action::Minimize => window.minimize(),
             Action::NextCursor => window.next_cursor(),
@@ -548,16 +529,7 @@ impl ApplicationHandler for Application {
             WindowEvent::DoubleTapGesture { .. } => {
                 info!("Smart zoom");
             },
-            WindowEvent::TouchpadPressure { .. }
-            | WindowEvent::DragLeft { .. }
-            | WindowEvent::KeyboardInput { .. }
-            | WindowEvent::PointerEntered { .. }
-            | WindowEvent::DragEntered { .. }
-            | WindowEvent::DragMoved { .. }
-            | WindowEvent::DragDropped { .. }
-            | WindowEvent::Destroyed
-            | WindowEvent::Ime(_)
-            | WindowEvent::Moved(_) => (),
+            _ => (),
         }
     }
 
@@ -612,10 +584,7 @@ impl ApplicationHandlerExtMacOS for Application {
 /// State of the window.
 struct WindowState {
     /// Render surface.
-    ///
-    /// NOTE: This surface must be dropped before the `Window`.
-    #[cfg(not(android_platform))]
-    surface: Surface<DisplayHandle<'static>, Arc<dyn Window>>,
+    surface: Surface<OwnedDisplayHandle, Arc<dyn Window>>,
     /// The actual winit Window.
     window: Arc<dyn Window>,
     /// The window theme we're drawing with.
@@ -623,7 +592,6 @@ struct WindowState {
     /// Fill the window with animated color
     animated_fill_color: bool,
     /// The application start time. Used for color fill animation
-    #[cfg(not(android_platform))]
     start_time: Instant,
     /// Redraw continuously
     continuous_redraw: bool,
@@ -657,10 +625,7 @@ impl WindowState {
     fn new(app: &Application, window: Box<dyn Window>) -> Result<Self, Box<dyn Error>> {
         let window: Arc<dyn Window> = Arc::from(window);
 
-        // SAFETY: the surface is dropped before the `window` which provided it with handle, thus
-        // it doesn't outlive it.
-        #[cfg(not(android_platform))]
-        let surface = Surface::new(app.context.as_ref().unwrap(), Arc::clone(&window))?;
+        let surface = Surface::new(&app.context, Arc::clone(&window))?;
 
         let theme = window.theme().unwrap_or(Theme::Dark);
         info!("Theme: {theme:?}");
@@ -674,14 +639,12 @@ impl WindowState {
             custom_idx: app.custom_cursors.as_ref().map(Vec::len).unwrap_or(1) - 1,
             cursor_grab: CursorGrabMode::None,
             named_idx,
-            #[cfg(not(android_platform))]
             surface,
             window,
             theme,
             animated_fill_color: false,
             continuous_redraw: false,
             emit_surface_size: false,
-            #[cfg(not(android_platform))]
             start_time: Instant::now(),
             cursor_position: Default::default(),
             cursor_hidden: Default::default(),
@@ -853,15 +816,12 @@ impl WindowState {
     /// Resize the surface to the new size.
     fn resize(&mut self, size: PhysicalSize<u32>) {
         info!("Surface resized to {size:?}");
-        #[cfg(not(android_platform))]
-        {
-            let (width, height) = match (NonZeroU32::new(size.width), NonZeroU32::new(size.height))
-            {
-                (Some(width), Some(height)) => (width, height),
-                _ => return,
-            };
-            self.surface.resize(width, height).expect("failed to resize inner buffer");
-        }
+        let (width, height) = match (NonZeroU32::new(size.width), NonZeroU32::new(size.height)) {
+            (Some(width), Some(height)) => (width, height),
+            _ => return,
+        };
+        self.surface.resize(width, height).expect("failed to resize inner buffer");
+
         self.window.request_redraw();
     }
 
@@ -946,42 +906,46 @@ impl WindowState {
     }
 
     /// Draw the window contents.
-    #[cfg(not(android_platform))]
     fn draw(&mut self) -> Result<(), Box<dyn Error>> {
         if self.occluded {
             info!("Skipping drawing occluded window={:?}", self.window.id());
             return Ok(());
         }
 
-        if self.animated_fill_color {
-            fill::fill_window_with_animated_color(&*self.window, self.start_time);
-            return Ok(());
-        }
-
         let mut buffer = self.surface.buffer_mut()?;
 
-        // Draw a different color inside the safe area
-        let surface_size = self.window.surface_size();
-        let insets = self.window.safe_area();
-        for y in 0..surface_size.height {
-            for x in 0..surface_size.width {
-                let index = y as usize * surface_size.width as usize + x as usize;
-                if insets.left <= x
-                    && x <= (surface_size.width - insets.right)
-                    && insets.top <= y
-                    && y <= (surface_size.height - insets.bottom)
-                {
-                    // In safe area
-                    buffer[index] = match self.theme {
-                        Theme::Light => 0xffe8e8e8, // Light gray
-                        Theme::Dark => 0xff525252,  // Medium gray
-                    };
-                } else {
-                    // Outside safe area
-                    buffer[index] = match self.theme {
-                        Theme::Light => 0xffffffff, // White
-                        Theme::Dark => 0xff181818,  // Dark gray
-                    };
+        if self.animated_fill_color {
+            // Fill the entire buffer with a single color.
+            let time = self.start_time.elapsed().as_secs_f32() * 1.5;
+            let blue = (time.sin() * 255.0) as u32;
+            let green = ((time.cos() * 255.0) as u32) << 8;
+            let red = ((1.0 - time.sin() * 255.0) as u32) << 16;
+            let color = red | green | blue;
+            buffer.fill(color);
+        } else {
+            // Draw a different color inside the safe area
+            let surface_size = self.window.surface_size();
+            let insets = self.window.safe_area();
+            for y in 0..surface_size.height {
+                for x in 0..surface_size.width {
+                    let index = y as usize * surface_size.width as usize + x as usize;
+                    if insets.left <= x
+                        && x <= (surface_size.width - insets.right)
+                        && insets.top <= y
+                        && y <= (surface_size.height - insets.bottom)
+                    {
+                        // In safe area
+                        buffer[index] = match self.theme {
+                            Theme::Light => 0xffe8e8e8, // Light gray
+                            Theme::Dark => 0xff525252,  // Medium gray
+                        };
+                    } else {
+                        // Outside safe area
+                        buffer[index] = match self.theme {
+                            Theme::Light => 0xffffffff, // White
+                            Theme::Dark => 0xff181818,  // Dark gray
+                        };
+                    }
                 }
             }
         }
@@ -992,12 +956,6 @@ impl WindowState {
 
         Ok(())
     }
-
-    #[cfg(android_platform)]
-    fn draw(&mut self) -> Result<(), Box<dyn Error>> {
-        info!("Drawing but without rendering...");
-        Ok(())
-    }
 }
 
 struct Binding<T: Eq> {
@@ -1027,6 +985,8 @@ enum Action {
     ToggleFullscreen,
     #[cfg(macos_platform)]
     ToggleSimpleFullscreen,
+    #[cfg(macos_platform)]
+    ToggleBorderlessGame,
     ToggleMaximize,
     Minimize,
     NextCursor,
@@ -1064,6 +1024,8 @@ impl Action {
             Action::ToggleFullscreen => "Toggle fullscreen",
             #[cfg(macos_platform)]
             Action::ToggleSimpleFullscreen => "Toggle simple fullscreen",
+            #[cfg(macos_platform)]
+            Action::ToggleBorderlessGame => "Toggle borderless game mode",
             Action::ToggleMaximize => "Maximize",
             Action::Minimize => "Minimize",
             Action::ToggleResizeIncrements => "Use resize increments when resizing window",
@@ -1315,6 +1277,8 @@ const KEY_BINDINGS: &[Binding<&'static str>] = &[
     Binding::new("T", ModifiersState::META, Action::CreateNewTab),
     #[cfg(macos_platform)]
     Binding::new("O", ModifiersState::CONTROL, Action::CycleOptionAsAlt),
+    #[cfg(macos_platform)]
+    Binding::new("B", ModifiersState::CONTROL, Action::ToggleBorderlessGame),
     Binding::new("S", ModifiersState::ALT, Action::EmitSurfaceSize),
     Binding::new("S", ModifiersState::CONTROL, Action::Message),
 ];

winit/examples/child_window.rs

@@ -3,10 +3,12 @@
 fn main() -> Result<(), impl std::error::Error> {
     use std::collections::HashMap;
 
+    use softbuffer::{Context, Surface};
+    use tracing::info;
     use winit::application::ApplicationHandler;
     use winit::dpi::{LogicalPosition, LogicalSize, Position};
     use winit::event::{ElementState, KeyEvent, WindowEvent};
-    use winit::event_loop::{ActiveEventLoop, EventLoop};
+    use winit::event_loop::{ActiveEventLoop, EventLoop, OwnedDisplayHandle};
     use winit::raw_window_handle::HasRawWindowHandle;
     use winit::window::{Window, WindowAttributes, WindowId};
 
@@ -15,18 +17,20 @@ fn main() -> Result<(), impl std::error::Error> {
 
     #[derive(Debug)]
     struct WindowData {
-        window: Box<dyn Window>,
+        surface: Surface<OwnedDisplayHandle, Box<dyn Window>>,
         color: u32,
     }
 
     impl WindowData {
-        fn new(window: Box<dyn Window>, color: u32) -> Self {
-            Self { window, color }
+        fn new(context: &Context<OwnedDisplayHandle>, window: Box<dyn Window>, color: u32) -> Self {
+            let surface = Surface::new(context, window).unwrap();
+            Self { surface, color }
         }
     }
 
-    #[derive(Default, Debug)]
+    #[derive(Debug)]
     struct Application {
+        context: Context<OwnedDisplayHandle>,
         parent_window_id: Option<WindowId>,
         windows: HashMap<WindowId, WindowData>,
     }
@@ -38,10 +42,10 @@ fn main() -> Result<(), impl std::error::Error> {
                 .with_position(Position::Logical(LogicalPosition::new(0.0, 0.0)))
                 .with_surface_size(LogicalSize::new(640.0f32, 480.0f32));
             let window = event_loop.create_window(attributes).unwrap();
-            println!("Parent window id: {:?})", window.id());
+            info!("Parent window id: {:?})", window.id());
             self.parent_window_id = Some(window.id());
 
-            self.windows.insert(window.id(), WindowData::new(window, 0xffbbbbbb));
+            self.windows.insert(window.id(), WindowData::new(&self.context, window, 0xffbbbbbb));
         }
 
         fn window_event(
@@ -56,12 +60,12 @@ fn main() -> Result<(), impl std::error::Error> {
                     event_loop.exit();
                 },
                 WindowEvent::PointerEntered { device_id: _, .. } => {
-                    // On x11, println when the cursor entered in a window even if the child window
+                    // On x11, log when the cursor entered in a window even if the child window
                     // is created by some key inputs.
                     // the child windows are always placed at (0, 0) with size (200, 200) in the
                     // parent window, so we also can see this log when we move
                     // the cursor around (200, 200) in parent window.
-                    println!("cursor entered in the window {window_id:?}");
+                    info!("cursor entered in the window {window_id:?}");
                 },
                 WindowEvent::KeyboardInput {
                     event: KeyEvent { state: ElementState::Pressed, .. },
@@ -72,18 +76,24 @@ fn main() -> Result<(), impl std::error::Error> {
                         0xff000000 + 3_u32.pow((child_index + 2).rem_euclid(16) as u32);
 
                     let parent_window = self.windows.get(&self.parent_window_id.unwrap()).unwrap();
-                    let child_window =
-                        spawn_child_window(parent_window.window.as_ref(), event_loop, child_index);
+                    let child_window = spawn_child_window(
+                        parent_window.surface.window().as_ref(),
+                        event_loop,
+                        child_index,
+                    );
                     let child_id = child_window.id();
-                    println!("Child window created with id: {child_id:?}");
-                    self.windows.insert(child_id, WindowData::new(child_window, child_color));
+                    info!("Child window created with id: {child_id:?}");
+                    self.windows.insert(
+                        child_id,
+                        WindowData::new(&self.context, child_window, child_color),
+                    );
                 },
                 WindowEvent::RedrawRequested => {
-                    if let Some(window) = self.windows.get(&window_id) {
+                    if let Some(window) = self.windows.get_mut(&window_id) {
                         if window_id == self.parent_window_id.unwrap() {
-                            fill::fill_window(window.window.as_ref());
+                            fill::fill(&mut window.surface);
                         } else {
-                            fill::fill_window_with_color(window.window.as_ref(), window.color);
+                            fill::fill_with_color(&mut window.surface, window.color);
                         }
                     }
                 },
@@ -117,7 +127,8 @@ fn main() -> Result<(), impl std::error::Error> {
     }
 
     let event_loop = EventLoop::new().unwrap();
-    event_loop.run_app(Application::default())
+    let context = Context::new(event_loop.owned_display_handle()).unwrap();
+    event_loop.run_app(Application { context, parent_window_id: None, windows: HashMap::new() })
 }
 
 #[cfg(not(any(x11_platform, macos_platform, windows_platform)))]

winit/examples/control_flow.rs

@@ -4,12 +4,13 @@ use std::thread;
 #[cfg(not(web_platform))]
 use std::time;
 
-use ::tracing::{info, warn};
+use softbuffer::{Context, Surface};
+use tracing::{info, warn};
 #[cfg(web_platform)]
 use web_time as time;
 use winit::application::ApplicationHandler;
 use winit::event::{ElementState, KeyEvent, StartCause, WindowEvent};
-use winit::event_loop::{ActiveEventLoop, ControlFlow, EventLoop};
+use winit::event_loop::{ActiveEventLoop, ControlFlow, EventLoop, OwnedDisplayHandle};
 use winit::keyboard::{Key, NamedKey};
 use winit::window::{Window, WindowAttributes, WindowId};
 
@@ -52,7 +53,7 @@ struct ControlFlowDemo {
     request_redraw: bool,
     wait_cancelled: bool,
     close_requested: bool,
-    window: Option<Box<dyn Window>>,
+    surface: Option<Surface<OwnedDisplayHandle, Box<dyn Window>>>,
 }
 
 impl ApplicationHandler for ControlFlowDemo {
@@ -69,7 +70,10 @@ impl ApplicationHandler for ControlFlowDemo {
         let window_attributes = WindowAttributes::default().with_title(
             "Press 1, 2, 3 to change control flow mode. Press R to toggle redraw requests.",
         );
-        self.window = Some(event_loop.create_window(window_attributes).unwrap());
+        let window = event_loop.create_window(window_attributes).unwrap();
+        let context = Context::new(event_loop.owned_display_handle()).unwrap();
+        let surface = Surface::new(&context, window).unwrap();
+        self.surface = Some(surface);
     }
 
     fn window_event(
@@ -112,9 +116,9 @@ impl ApplicationHandler for ControlFlowDemo {
                 _ => (),
             },
             WindowEvent::RedrawRequested => {
-                let window = self.window.as_ref().unwrap();
-                window.pre_present_notify();
-                fill::fill_window(window.as_ref());
+                let surface = self.surface.as_mut().unwrap();
+                surface.window().pre_present_notify();
+                fill::fill(surface);
             },
             _ => (),
         }
@@ -122,7 +126,7 @@ impl ApplicationHandler for ControlFlowDemo {
 
     fn about_to_wait(&mut self, event_loop: &dyn ActiveEventLoop) {
         if self.request_redraw && !self.wait_cancelled && !self.close_requested {
-            self.window.as_ref().unwrap().request_redraw();
+            self.surface.as_ref().unwrap().window().request_redraw();
         }
 
         match self.mode {

winit/examples/dnd.rs

@@ -1,8 +1,10 @@
 use std::error::Error;
 
+use softbuffer::{Context, Surface};
+use tracing::info;
 use winit::application::ApplicationHandler;
 use winit::event::WindowEvent;
-use winit::event_loop::{ActiveEventLoop, EventLoop};
+use winit::event_loop::{ActiveEventLoop, EventLoop, OwnedDisplayHandle};
 use winit::window::{Window, WindowAttributes, WindowId};
 
 #[path = "util/fill.rs"]
@@ -15,27 +17,24 @@ fn main() -> Result<(), Box<dyn Error>> {
 
     let event_loop = EventLoop::new()?;
 
-    let app = Application::new();
+    let app = Application::default();
     Ok(event_loop.run_app(app)?)
 }
 
 /// Application state and event handling.
-#[derive(Debug)]
+#[derive(Default, Debug)]
 struct Application {
-    window: Option<Box<dyn Window>>,
-}
-
-impl Application {
-    fn new() -> Self {
-        Self { window: None }
-    }
+    surface: Option<Surface<OwnedDisplayHandle, Box<dyn Window>>>,
 }
 
 impl ApplicationHandler for Application {
     fn can_create_surfaces(&mut self, event_loop: &dyn ActiveEventLoop) {
         let window_attributes =
             WindowAttributes::default().with_title("Drag and drop files on me!");
-        self.window = Some(event_loop.create_window(window_attributes).unwrap());
+        let window = event_loop.create_window(window_attributes).unwrap();
+        let context = Context::new(event_loop.owned_display_handle()).unwrap();
+        let surface = Surface::new(&context, window).unwrap();
+        self.surface = Some(surface);
     }
 
     fn window_event(
@@ -49,12 +48,12 @@ impl ApplicationHandler for Application {
             | WindowEvent::DragEntered { .. }
             | WindowEvent::DragMoved { .. }
             | WindowEvent::DragDropped { .. } => {
-                println!("{event:?}");
+                info!("{event:?}");
             },
             WindowEvent::RedrawRequested => {
-                let window = self.window.as_ref().unwrap();
-                window.pre_present_notify();
-                fill::fill_window(window.as_ref());
+                let surface = self.surface.as_mut().unwrap();
+                surface.window().pre_present_notify();
+                fill::fill(surface);
             },
             WindowEvent::CloseRequested => {
                 event_loop.exit();

winit/examples/ime.rs

@@ -9,10 +9,11 @@ use std::cmp;
 use std::error::Error;
 
 use dpi::{LogicalPosition, PhysicalSize};
+use softbuffer::{Context, Surface};
 use tracing::{error, info};
 use winit::application::ApplicationHandler;
 use winit::event::{Ime, WindowEvent};
-use winit::event_loop::{ActiveEventLoop, EventLoop};
+use winit::event_loop::{ActiveEventLoop, EventLoop, OwnedDisplayHandle};
 use winit::keyboard::{Key, ModifiersState, NamedKey};
 #[cfg(web_platform)]
 use winit::platform::web::WindowAttributesWeb;
@@ -30,7 +31,7 @@ const IME_CURSOR_SIZE: PhysicalSize<u32> = PhysicalSize::new(20, 20);
 
 #[derive(Debug)]
 struct App {
-    window: Option<Box<dyn Window>>,
+    surface: Option<Surface<OwnedDisplayHandle, Box<dyn Window>>>,
     input_state: TextInputState,
     modifiers: ModifiersState,
 }
@@ -73,14 +74,12 @@ impl ApplicationHandler for App {
         #[cfg(web_platform)]
         let window_attributes = WindowAttributes::default()
             .with_platform_attributes(Box::new(WindowAttributesWeb::default().with_append(true)));
-        self.window = match event_loop.create_window(window_attributes) {
-            Ok(window) => Some(window),
-            Err(err) => {
-                eprintln!("error creating window: {err}");
-                event_loop.exit();
-                return;
-            },
-        };
+        let window = event_loop.create_window(window_attributes).expect("failed creating window");
+
+        let context =
+            Context::new(event_loop.owned_display_handle()).expect("failed creating context");
+        let surface = Surface::new(&context, window).expect("failed creating surface");
+        self.surface = Some(surface);
 
         // Allow IME out of the box.
         let enable_request = ImeEnableRequest::new(
@@ -101,11 +100,13 @@ impl ApplicationHandler for App {
         match event {
             WindowEvent::CloseRequested => {
                 info!("Close was requested; stopping");
-                self.window = None;
+                self.surface = None;
                 event_loop.exit();
             },
-            WindowEvent::SurfaceResized(_) => {
-                self.window.as_ref().expect("resize event without a window").request_redraw();
+            WindowEvent::SurfaceResized(surface_size) => {
+                let surface = self.surface.as_mut().expect("resize event without a surface");
+                fill::resize(surface, surface_size);
+                surface.window().request_redraw();
             },
             WindowEvent::RedrawRequested => {
                 // Redraw the application.
@@ -114,13 +115,13 @@ impl ApplicationHandler for App {
                 // this event rather than in AboutToWait, since rendering in here allows
                 // the program to gracefully handle redraws requested by the OS.
 
-                let window = self.window.as_ref().expect("redraw request without a window");
+                let surface = self.surface.as_mut().expect("redraw event without a surface");
 
                 // Notify that you're about to draw.
-                window.pre_present_notify();
+                surface.window().pre_present_notify();
 
                 // Draw.
-                fill::fill_window(window.as_ref());
+                fill::fill(surface);
 
                 // For contiguous redraw loop you can request a redraw from here.
                 // window.request_redraw();
@@ -214,14 +215,14 @@ impl App {
     }
 
     fn handle_ime_event(&mut self, event: Ime) {
-        let window = self.window.as_ref().expect("IME request without a window");
+        let surface = self.surface.as_ref().expect("IME request without a window");
         match event {
-            Ime::Enabled => info!("IME enabled for Window={:?}", window.id()),
+            Ime::Enabled => info!("IME enabled for Window={:?}", surface.window().id()),
             Ime::Preedit(text, caret_pos) => info!("Preedit: {text}, with caret at {caret_pos:?}"),
             Ime::Commit(text) => {
                 self.input_state.append_text(&text);
                 let request_data = self.get_ime_update();
-                window.request_ime_update(ImeRequest::Update(request_data)).unwrap();
+                surface.window().request_ime_update(ImeRequest::Update(request_data)).unwrap();
                 self.print_input_state();
             },
             Ime::DeleteSurrounding { before_bytes, after_bytes } => {
@@ -246,7 +247,7 @@ impl App {
                     error!("Buggy IME tried to delete with indices not on char boundary.");
                 }
             },
-            Ime::Disabled => info!("IME disabled for Window={:?}", window.id()),
+            Ime::Disabled => info!("IME disabled for Window={:?}", surface.window().id()),
         }
     }
 
@@ -312,7 +313,7 @@ impl App {
     }
 
     fn window(&self) -> &dyn Window {
-        self.window.as_ref().unwrap().as_ref()
+        self.surface.as_ref().unwrap().window().as_ref()
     }
 }
 
@@ -346,7 +347,7 @@ fn main() -> Result<(), Box<dyn Error>> {
 
     let event_loop = EventLoop::new()?;
 
-    println!(
+    info!(
         r#"This showcases the use of an input method engine (IME) by emulating a text edit field.
 Use CTRL+i to toggle IME support.
 Use CTRL+p to cycle content purpose values.
@@ -355,7 +356,7 @@ Use CTRL+h to cycle content hint permutations.
     );
 
     let app = App {
-        window: None,
+        surface: None,
         input_state: TextInputState {
             ime_enabled: true,
             contents: String::new(),

winit/examples/pump_events.rs

@@ -7,24 +7,31 @@ fn main() -> std::process::ExitCode {
     use std::thread::sleep;
     use std::time::Duration;
 
+    use softbuffer::{Context, Surface};
+    use tracing::info;
     use winit::application::ApplicationHandler;
     use winit::event::WindowEvent;
     use winit::event_loop::pump_events::{EventLoopExtPumpEvents, PumpStatus};
-    use winit::event_loop::{ActiveEventLoop, EventLoop};
+    use winit::event_loop::{ActiveEventLoop, EventLoop, OwnedDisplayHandle};
     use winit::window::{Window, WindowAttributes, WindowId};
 
     #[path = "util/fill.rs"]
     mod fill;
+    #[path = "util/tracing.rs"]
+    mod tracing;
 
     #[derive(Default, Debug)]
     struct PumpDemo {
-        window: Option<Box<dyn Window>>,
+        surface: Option<Surface<OwnedDisplayHandle, Box<dyn Window>>>,
     }
 
     impl ApplicationHandler for PumpDemo {
         fn can_create_surfaces(&mut self, event_loop: &dyn ActiveEventLoop) {
             let window_attributes = WindowAttributes::default().with_title("A fantastic window!");
-            self.window = Some(event_loop.create_window(window_attributes).unwrap());
+            let window = event_loop.create_window(window_attributes).unwrap();
+
+            let context = Context::new(event_loop.owned_display_handle()).unwrap();
+            self.surface = Some(Surface::new(&context, window).unwrap());
         }
 
         fn window_event(
@@ -33,27 +40,27 @@ fn main() -> std::process::ExitCode {
             _window_id: WindowId,
             event: WindowEvent,
         ) {
-            println!("{event:?}");
+            info!("{event:?}");
 
-            let window = match self.window.as_ref() {
-                Some(window) => window,
+            let surface = match self.surface.as_mut() {
+                Some(surface) => surface,
                 None => return,
             };
 
             match event {
                 WindowEvent::CloseRequested => event_loop.exit(),
                 WindowEvent::RedrawRequested => {
-                    fill::fill_window(window.as_ref());
-                    window.request_redraw();
+                    fill::fill(surface);
+                    surface.window().request_redraw();
                 },
                 _ => (),
             }
         }
     }
 
-    let mut event_loop = EventLoop::new().unwrap();
+    tracing::init();
 
-    tracing_subscriber::fmt::init();
+    let mut event_loop = EventLoop::new().unwrap();
 
     let mut app = PumpDemo::default();
 
@@ -69,12 +76,12 @@ fn main() -> std::process::ExitCode {
         //
         // Since `pump_events` doesn't block it will be important to
         // throttle the loop in the app somehow.
-        println!("Update()");
+        info!("Update()");
         sleep(Duration::from_millis(16));
     }
 }
 
 #[cfg(any(ios_platform, web_platform, orbital_platform))]
 fn main() {
-    println!("This platform doesn't support pump_events.");
+    panic!("This platform doesn't support pump_events.")
 }

winit/examples/run_on_demand.rs

@@ -5,36 +5,43 @@
 fn main() -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
     use std::time::Duration;
 
+    use softbuffer::{Context, Surface};
+    use tracing::info;
     use winit::application::ApplicationHandler;
     use winit::event::WindowEvent;
     use winit::event_loop::run_on_demand::EventLoopExtRunOnDemand;
-    use winit::event_loop::{ActiveEventLoop, EventLoop};
+    use winit::event_loop::{ActiveEventLoop, EventLoop, OwnedDisplayHandle};
     use winit::window::{Window, WindowAttributes, WindowId};
 
     #[path = "util/fill.rs"]
     mod fill;
+    #[path = "util/tracing.rs"]
+    mod tracing;
 
-    #[derive(Default, Debug)]
+    #[derive(Debug)]
     struct App {
+        context: Context<OwnedDisplayHandle>,
         idx: usize,
+        surface: Option<Surface<OwnedDisplayHandle, Box<dyn Window>>>,
         window_id: Option<WindowId>,
-        window: Option<Box<dyn Window>>,
     }
 
     impl ApplicationHandler for App {
         fn about_to_wait(&mut self, _event_loop: &dyn ActiveEventLoop) {
-            if let Some(window) = self.window.as_ref() {
-                window.request_redraw();
+            if let Some(surface) = self.surface.as_ref() {
+                surface.window().request_redraw();
             }
         }
 
         fn can_create_surfaces(&mut self, event_loop: &dyn ActiveEventLoop) {
             let window_attributes = WindowAttributes::default()
-                .with_title("Fantastic window number one!")
+                .with_title(format!("Fantastic window number {}!", self.idx))
                 .with_surface_size(winit::dpi::LogicalSize::new(128.0, 128.0));
             let window = event_loop.create_window(window_attributes).unwrap();
             self.window_id = Some(window.id());
-            self.window = Some(window);
+
+            let surface = Surface::new(&self.context, window).unwrap();
+            self.surface = Some(surface);
         }
 
         fn window_event(
@@ -44,52 +51,44 @@ fn main() -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
             event: WindowEvent,
         ) {
             if event == WindowEvent::Destroyed && self.window_id == Some(window_id) {
-                println!(
-                    "--------------------------------------------------------- Window {} Destroyed",
-                    self.idx
-                );
+                info!("Window {} Destroyed", self.idx);
                 self.window_id = None;
                 event_loop.exit();
                 return;
             }
 
-            let window = match self.window.as_mut() {
-                Some(window) => window,
-                None => return,
+            let Some(surface) = self.surface.as_mut() else {
+                return;
             };
 
             match event {
                 WindowEvent::CloseRequested => {
-                    println!(
-                        "--------------------------------------------------------- Window {} \
-                         CloseRequested",
-                        self.idx
-                    );
-                    fill::cleanup_window(window.as_ref());
-                    self.window = None;
+                    info!("Window {} CloseRequested", self.idx);
+                    self.surface = None;
                 },
                 WindowEvent::RedrawRequested => {
-                    fill::fill_window(window.as_ref());
+                    fill::fill(surface);
                 },
                 _ => (),
             }
         }
     }
 
-    tracing_subscriber::fmt::init();
+    tracing::init();
 
     let mut event_loop = EventLoop::new().unwrap();
 
-    let mut app = App { idx: 1, ..Default::default() };
+    let context = Context::new(event_loop.owned_display_handle()).unwrap();
+    let mut app = App { context, idx: 1, surface: None, window_id: None };
     event_loop.run_app_on_demand(&mut app)?;
 
-    println!("--------------------------------------------------------- Finished first loop");
-    println!("--------------------------------------------------------- Waiting 5 seconds");
+    info!("Finished first loop");
+    info!("Waiting 5 seconds");
     std::thread::sleep(Duration::from_secs(5));
 
     app.idx += 1;
     event_loop.run_app_on_demand(&mut app)?;
-    println!("--------------------------------------------------------- Finished second loop");
+    info!("Finished second loop");
     Ok(())
 }
 
@@ -101,5 +100,5 @@ fn main() -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
     orbital_platform
 )))]
 fn main() {
-    println!("This example is not supported on this platform");
+    panic!("This example is not supported on this platform")
 }

winit/examples/util/fill.rs

@@ -1,156 +1,43 @@
-//! Fill the window buffer with a solid color.
-//!
-//! Launching a window without drawing to it has unpredictable results varying from platform to
-//! platform. In order to have well-defined examples, this module provides an easy way to
-//! fill the window buffer with a solid color.
-//!
-//! The `softbuffer` crate is used, largely because of its ease of use. `glutin` or `wgpu` could
-//! also be used to fill the window buffer, but they are more complicated to use.
+use std::num::NonZeroU32;
 
-#[allow(unused_imports)]
-pub use platform::cleanup_window;
-#[allow(unused_imports)]
-pub use platform::fill_window;
-#[allow(unused_imports)]
-pub use platform::fill_window_with_animated_color;
-#[allow(unused_imports)]
-pub use platform::fill_window_with_color;
+use rwh_06::{HasDisplayHandle, HasWindowHandle};
+use softbuffer::Surface;
+use winit::window::Window;
 
-#[cfg(not(any(target_os = "android", target_os = "ios")))]
-mod platform {
-    use std::cell::RefCell;
-    use std::collections::HashMap;
-    use std::mem;
-    use std::mem::ManuallyDrop;
-    use std::num::NonZeroU32;
-    #[cfg(all(not(android_platform), not(web_platform)))]
-    use std::time::Instant;
+/// Resize the surface.
+pub fn resize(
+    surface: &mut Surface<impl HasDisplayHandle, impl HasWindowHandle>,
+    surface_size: dpi::PhysicalSize<u32>,
+) {
+    // Handle zero-sized buffers.
+    //
+    // FIXME(madsmtm): This should be done by softbuffer internally in the future:
+    // https://github.com/rust-windowing/softbuffer/issues/238
+    let (Some(width), Some(height)) =
+        (NonZeroU32::new(surface_size.width), NonZeroU32::new(surface_size.height))
+    else {
+        return;
+    };
 
-    use softbuffer::{Context, Surface};
-    #[cfg(all(web_platform, not(android_platform)))]
-    use web_time::Instant;
-    use winit::window::{Window, WindowId};
-
-    thread_local! {
-        // NOTE: You should never do things like that, create context and drop it before
-        // you drop the event loop. We do this for brevity to not blow up examples. We use
-        // ManuallyDrop to prevent destructors from running.
-        //
-        // A static, thread-local map of graphics contexts to open windows.
-        static GC: ManuallyDrop<RefCell<Option<GraphicsContext>>> = const { ManuallyDrop::new(RefCell::new(None)) };
-    }
-
-    /// The graphics context used to draw to a window.
-    struct GraphicsContext {
-        /// The global softbuffer context.
-        context: RefCell<Context<&'static dyn Window>>,
-
-        /// The hash map of window IDs to surfaces.
-        surfaces: HashMap<WindowId, Surface<&'static dyn Window, &'static dyn Window>>,
-    }
-
-    impl GraphicsContext {
-        fn new(w: &dyn Window) -> Self {
-            Self {
-                context: RefCell::new(
-                    Context::new(unsafe {
-                        mem::transmute::<&'_ dyn Window, &'static dyn Window>(w)
-                    })
-                    .expect("Failed to create a softbuffer context"),
-                ),
-                surfaces: HashMap::new(),
-            }
-        }
-
-        fn create_surface(
-            &mut self,
-            window: &dyn Window,
-        ) -> &mut Surface<&'static dyn Window, &'static dyn Window> {
-            self.surfaces.entry(window.id()).or_insert_with(|| {
-                Surface::new(&self.context.borrow(), unsafe {
-                    mem::transmute::<&'_ dyn Window, &'static dyn Window>(window)
-                })
-                .expect("Failed to create a softbuffer surface")
-            })
-        }
-
-        fn destroy_surface(&mut self, window: &dyn Window) {
-            self.surfaces.remove(&window.id());
-        }
-    }
-
-    pub fn fill_window_with_color(window: &dyn Window, color: u32) {
-        GC.with(|gc| {
-            let size = window.surface_size();
-            let (Some(width), Some(height)) =
-                (NonZeroU32::new(size.width), NonZeroU32::new(size.height))
-            else {
-                return;
-            };
-
-            // Either get the last context used or create a new one.
-            let mut gc = gc.borrow_mut();
-            let surface =
-                gc.get_or_insert_with(|| GraphicsContext::new(window)).create_surface(window);
-
-            // Fill a buffer with a solid color
-
-            surface.resize(width, height).expect("Failed to resize the softbuffer surface");
-
-            let mut buffer = surface.buffer_mut().expect("Failed to get the softbuffer buffer");
-            buffer.fill(color);
-            buffer.present().expect("Failed to present the softbuffer buffer");
-        })
-    }
-
-    #[allow(dead_code)]
-    pub fn fill_window(window: &dyn Window) {
-        fill_window_with_color(window, 0xff181818);
-    }
-
-    #[allow(dead_code)]
-    pub fn fill_window_with_animated_color(window: &dyn Window, start: Instant) {
-        let time = start.elapsed().as_secs_f32() * 1.5;
-        let blue = (time.sin() * 255.0) as u32;
-        let green = ((time.cos() * 255.0) as u32) << 8;
-        let red = ((1.0 - time.sin() * 255.0) as u32) << 16;
-        let color = red | green | blue;
-        fill_window_with_color(window, color);
-    }
-
-    #[allow(dead_code)]
-    pub fn cleanup_window(window: &dyn Window) {
-        GC.with(|gc| {
-            let mut gc = gc.borrow_mut();
-            if let Some(context) = gc.as_mut() {
-                context.destroy_surface(window);
-            }
-        });
-    }
+    surface.resize(width, height).expect("Failed to resize the softbuffer surface");
 }
 
-#[cfg(any(target_os = "android", target_os = "ios"))]
-mod platform {
-    #[allow(dead_code)]
-    pub fn fill_window(_window: &dyn winit::window::Window) {
-        // No-op on mobile platforms.
-    }
+/// Fill the window buffer with a solid color.
+pub fn fill_with_color(
+    surface: &mut Surface<impl HasDisplayHandle, impl HasWindowHandle + AsRef<dyn Window>>,
+    color: u32,
+) {
+    let surface_size = surface.window().as_ref().surface_size();
+    resize(surface, surface_size);
 
-    #[allow(dead_code)]
-    pub fn fill_window_with_color(_window: &dyn winit::window::Window, _color: u32) {
-        // No-op on mobile platforms.
-    }
-
-    #[allow(dead_code)]
-    pub fn fill_window_with_animated_color(
-        _window: &dyn winit::window::Window,
-        _start: std::time::Instant,
-    ) {
-        // No-op on mobile platforms.
-    }
-
-    #[allow(dead_code)]
-    pub fn cleanup_window(_window: &dyn winit::window::Window) {
-        // No-op on mobile platforms.
-    }
+    let mut buffer = surface.buffer_mut().expect("Failed to get the softbuffer buffer");
+    buffer.fill(color);
+    buffer.present().expect("Failed to present the softbuffer buffer");
+}
+
+#[allow(dead_code)]
+pub fn fill(
+    surface: &mut Surface<impl HasDisplayHandle, impl HasWindowHandle + AsRef<dyn Window>>,
+) {
+    fill_with_color(surface, 0xff181818);
 }

winit/examples/util/tracing.rs

@@ -23,3 +23,6 @@ pub fn init() {
         )
         .init();
 }
+
+#[allow(unused_imports)]
+pub use ::tracing::*;

winit/examples/window.rs

@@ -2,9 +2,11 @@
 
 use std::error::Error;
 
+use softbuffer::{Context, Surface};
+use tracing::info;
 use winit::application::ApplicationHandler;
 use winit::event::WindowEvent;
-use winit::event_loop::{ActiveEventLoop, EventLoop};
+use winit::event_loop::{ActiveEventLoop, EventLoop, OwnedDisplayHandle};
 #[cfg(web_platform)]
 use winit::platform::web::WindowAttributesWeb;
 use winit::window::{Window, WindowAttributes, WindowId};
@@ -16,7 +18,7 @@ mod tracing;
 
 #[derive(Default, Debug)]
 struct App {
-    window: Option<Box<dyn Window>>,
+    surface: Option<Surface<OwnedDisplayHandle, Box<dyn Window>>>,
 }
 
 impl ApplicationHandler for App {
@@ -26,25 +28,25 @@ impl ApplicationHandler for App {
         #[cfg(web_platform)]
         let window_attributes = WindowAttributes::default()
             .with_platform_attributes(Box::new(WindowAttributesWeb::default().with_append(true)));
-        self.window = match event_loop.create_window(window_attributes) {
-            Ok(window) => Some(window),
-            Err(err) => {
-                eprintln!("error creating window: {err}");
-                event_loop.exit();
-                return;
-            },
-        }
+        let window = event_loop.create_window(window_attributes).expect("failed creating window");
+
+        let context =
+            Context::new(event_loop.owned_display_handle()).expect("failed creating context");
+        let surface = Surface::new(&context, window).expect("failed creating surface");
+        self.surface = Some(surface);
     }
 
     fn window_event(&mut self, event_loop: &dyn ActiveEventLoop, _: WindowId, event: WindowEvent) {
-        println!("{event:?}");
+        info!("{event:?}");
         match event {
             WindowEvent::CloseRequested => {
-                println!("Close was requested; stopping");
+                info!("Close was requested; stopping");
                 event_loop.exit();
             },
-            WindowEvent::SurfaceResized(_) => {
-                self.window.as_ref().expect("resize event without a window").request_redraw();
+            WindowEvent::SurfaceResized(surface_size) => {
+                let surface = self.surface.as_mut().expect("resize event without a surface");
+                fill::resize(surface, surface_size);
+                surface.window().request_redraw();
             },
             WindowEvent::RedrawRequested => {
                 // Redraw the application.
@@ -53,13 +55,15 @@ impl ApplicationHandler for App {
                 // this event rather than in AboutToWait, since rendering in here allows
                 // the program to gracefully handle redraws requested by the OS.
 
-                let window = self.window.as_ref().expect("redraw request without a window");
+                let surface = self.surface.as_mut().expect("redraw event without a surface");
 
                 // Notify that you're about to draw.
-                window.pre_present_notify();
+                surface.window().pre_present_notify();
 
                 // Draw.
-                fill::fill_window(window.as_ref());
+                let mut buffer = surface.buffer_mut().expect("Failed to get the softbuffer buffer");
+                buffer.fill(0xff181818);
+                buffer.present().expect("Failed to present the softbuffer buffer");
 
                 // For contiguous redraw loop you can request a redraw from here.
                 // window.request_redraw();

winit/examples/x11_embed.rs

@@ -3,19 +3,22 @@ use std::error::Error;
 
 #[cfg(x11_platform)]
 fn main() -> Result<(), Box<dyn Error>> {
+    use softbuffer::{Context, Surface};
     use winit::application::ApplicationHandler;
     use winit::event::WindowEvent;
-    use winit::event_loop::{ActiveEventLoop, EventLoop};
+    use winit::event_loop::{ActiveEventLoop, EventLoop, OwnedDisplayHandle};
     use winit::platform::x11::WindowAttributesX11;
     use winit::window::{Window, WindowAttributes, WindowId};
 
     #[path = "util/fill.rs"]
     mod fill;
+    #[path = "util/tracing.rs"]
+    mod tracing;
 
     #[derive(Debug)]
     pub struct XEmbedDemo {
         parent_window_id: u32,
-        window: Option<Box<dyn Window>>,
+        surface: Option<Surface<OwnedDisplayHandle, Box<dyn Window>>>,
     }
 
     impl ApplicationHandler for XEmbedDemo {
@@ -27,7 +30,10 @@ fn main() -> Result<(), Box<dyn Error>> {
                 WindowAttributesX11::default().with_embed_parent_window(self.parent_window_id);
             window_attributes = window_attributes.with_platform_attributes(Box::new(x11_attrs));
 
-            self.window = Some(event_loop.create_window(window_attributes).unwrap());
+            let window = event_loop.create_window(window_attributes).unwrap();
+            let context = Context::new(event_loop.owned_display_handle()).unwrap();
+            let surface = Surface::new(&context, window).unwrap();
+            self.surface = Some(surface);
         }
 
         fn window_event(
@@ -36,19 +42,19 @@ fn main() -> Result<(), Box<dyn Error>> {
             _window_id: WindowId,
             event: WindowEvent,
         ) {
-            let window = self.window.as_ref().unwrap();
             match event {
                 WindowEvent::CloseRequested => event_loop.exit(),
                 WindowEvent::RedrawRequested => {
-                    window.pre_present_notify();
-                    fill::fill_window(window.as_ref());
+                    let surface = self.surface.as_mut().unwrap();
+                    surface.window().pre_present_notify();
+                    fill::fill(surface);
                 },
                 _ => (),
             }
         }
 
         fn about_to_wait(&mut self, _event_loop: &dyn ActiveEventLoop) {
-            self.window.as_ref().unwrap().request_redraw();
+            self.surface.as_ref().unwrap().window().request_redraw();
         }
     }
 
@@ -58,14 +64,13 @@ fn main() -> Result<(), Box<dyn Error>> {
         .ok_or("Expected a 32-bit X11 window ID as the first argument.")?
         .parse::<u32>()?;
 
-    tracing_subscriber::fmt::init();
+    tracing::init();
     let event_loop = EventLoop::new()?;
 
-    Ok(event_loop.run_app(XEmbedDemo { parent_window_id, window: None })?)
+    Ok(event_loop.run_app(XEmbedDemo { parent_window_id, surface: None })?)
 }
 
 #[cfg(not(x11_platform))]
 fn main() -> Result<(), Box<dyn Error>> {
-    println!("This example is only supported on X11 platforms.");
-    Ok(())
+    panic!("This example is only supported on X11 platforms.")
 }

winit/src/changelog/unreleased.md

@@ -39,3 +39,31 @@ The migration guide could reference other migration examples in the current
 changelog entry.
 
 ## Unreleased
+
+### Added
+
+- Add `keyboard` support for OpenHarmony.
+- On iOS, add Apple Pencil support with force, altitude, and azimuth data.
+- On Redox, add support for missing keyboard scancodes.
+- Implement `Send` and `Sync` for `OwnedDisplayHandle`.
+- Use new macOS 15 cursors for resize icons.
+- On Android, added scancode conversions for more obscure key codes.
+- On Wayland, added `HoldGesture` event for multi-finger hold gestures
+- On Wayland, added ext-background-effect-v1 support.
+
+### Changed
+
+- Updated `windows-sys` to `v0.61`.
+- On older macOS versions (tested up to 12.7.6), applications now receive mouse movement events for unfocused windows, matching the behavior on other platforms.
+
+### Fixed
+
+- On Windows, fix a freeze that occurs when the keyboard layout is switched by
+  tools such as Punto Switcher. The `WM_INPUTLANGCHANGE` message is now handled
+  to refresh the cached keyboard layout, while still deferring to
+  `DefWindowProc` for normal propagation.
+- On Redox, handle `EINTR` when reading from `event_socket` instead of panicking.
+- On Wayland, switch from using the `ahash` hashing algorithm to `foldhash`.
+- On macOS, fix borderless game presentation options not sticking after switching spaces.
+- On macOS, fix IME being locked on (regardless of requests to disable) after being enabled once.
+- On macOS, fix a panic and incorrect cursor position in Ime::Preedit when the preedit string contains special characters (ie. emojis) caused by incorrect UTF-16 to UTF-8 offset conversion.

winit/src/changelog/v0.30.md

@@ -1,3 +1,18 @@
+## 0.30.13
+
+### Added
+
+- On Wayland, add `Window::set_resize_increments`.
+
+### Fixed
+
+- On macOS, fixed crash when dragging non-file content onto window.
+- On X11, fix `set_hittest` not working on some window managers.
+- On X11, fix debug mode overflow panic in `set_timestamp`.
+- On macOS, fix crash in `set_marked_text` when native Pinyin IME sends out-of-bounds `selected_range`.
+- On Windows, fix `WM_IME_SETCONTEXT` IME UI flag masking on `lParam`.
+- On Android, populate `KeyEvent::text` and `KeyEvent::text_with_all_modifiers` via `Key::to_text()`
+
 ## 0.30.12
 
 ### Fixed

winit/src/changelog/v0.31.md

@@ -249,4 +249,3 @@
 - On Web, device events are emitted regardless of cursor type.
 - On Wayland, `axis_value120` scroll events now generate `MouseScrollDelta::LineDelta`
 - On X11, mouse scroll button events no longer cause duplicated `WindowEvent::MouseWheel` events.
-- On macOS, fixed crash when dragging non-file content onto window.

winit/src/event_loop.rs

@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ use crate::platform_impl;
 ///
 /// To wake up an `EventLoop` from a another thread, see the [`EventLoopProxy`] docs.
 ///
-/// Note that this cannot be shared across threads (due to platform-dependant logic
+/// Note that this cannot be shared across threads (due to platform-dependent logic
 /// forbidding it), as such it is neither [`Send`] nor [`Sync`]. If you need cross-thread access,
 /// the [`Window`] created from this _can_ be sent to an other thread, and the
 /// [`EventLoopProxy`] allows you to wake up an `EventLoop` from another thread.
@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ impl EventLoopBuilder {
     )]
     #[inline]
     pub fn build(&mut self) -> Result<EventLoop, EventLoopError> {
-        let _span = tracing::debug_span!("winit::EventLoopBuilder::build").entered();
+        let _entered = tracing::debug_span!("winit::EventLoopBuilder::build").entered();
 
         // Certain platforms accept a mutable reference in their API.
         #[allow(clippy::unnecessary_mut_passed)]
@@ -262,7 +262,7 @@ impl EventLoop {
     ///
     /// [`DeviceEvent`]: crate::event::DeviceEvent
     pub fn listen_device_events(&self, allowed: DeviceEvents) {
-        let _span = tracing::debug_span!(
+        let _entered = tracing::debug_span!(
             "winit::EventLoop::listen_device_events",
             allowed = ?allowed
         )

winit/tests/send_objects.rs

@@ -28,3 +28,8 @@ fn custom_cursor_send() {
     needs_send::<winit::cursor::CustomCursorSource>();
     needs_send::<winit::cursor::CustomCursor>();
 }
+
+#[test]
+fn owned_display_handle_send() {
+    needs_send::<winit::event_loop::OwnedDisplayHandle>();
+}

winit/tests/sync_object.rs

@@ -21,3 +21,8 @@ fn custom_cursor_sync() {
     needs_sync::<winit::cursor::CustomCursorSource>();
     needs_sync::<winit::cursor::CustomCursor>();
 }
+
+#[test]
+fn owned_display_handle_sync() {
+    needs_sync::<winit::event_loop::OwnedDisplayHandle>();
+}