Winit version 0.28.4

The new analysis suggests that we can remove mut.

.cargo/config.toml

@@ -1,9 +1,2 @@
-# Allow rust-analyzer and local `cargo doc` invocations to pick up unreleased changelog entries
-#
-# Note that these flags are (intentionally) not included when building from the downloaded crate.
-[build]
-rustdocflags = ["--cfg=unreleased_changelogs"]
-rustflags = ["--cfg=unreleased_changelogs"]
-
-[target.wasm32-unknown-unknown]
-runner = "wasm-bindgen-test-runner"
+[alias]
+run-wasm = ["run", "--release", "--package", "run-wasm", "--"]

.git-blame-ignore-revs

@@ -1,8 +0,0 @@
-# $ git config blame.ignoreRevsFile .git-blame-ignore-revs
-
-# chore(rustfmt): use nightly
-7b0c7b6cb2c62767ca0c73c857b299883f55a883
-# Rustfmt: use `group_imports`
-2665c120981af548433645c6383b3580dd8f8fc4
-# Use Taplo for TOML formatting
-3398ebe467c43ccfd91916c5b81ff3c68f598556

.github/CODEOWNERS

@@ -1,26 +1,40 @@
+# Core maintainers:
+# - @msiglreith
+# - @kchibisov
+# - @madsmtm
+# - @maroider
+
 # Android
-/winit-android                      @MarijnS95
+/src/platform/android.rs            @msiglreith
+/src/platform_impl/android          @msiglreith
 
-# Apple (AppKit + UIKit)
-/winit-appkit                       @madsmtm
-/winit-uikit                        @madsmtm
-/winit-common/src/core_foundation   @madsmtm
-/winit-common/src/event_handler.rs  @madsmtm
+# iOS
+/src/platform/ios.rs                @madsmtm
+/src/platform_impl/ios              @madsmtm
 
-# XKB
-/winit-common/src/xkb               @kchibisov
+# Unix
+/src/platform_impl/linux/mod.rs     @kchibisov
 
 # Wayland
-/winit-wayland                      @kchibisov
+/src/platform/wayland.rs            @kchibisov
+/src/platform_impl/linux/wayland    @kchibisov
 
 # X11
-/winit-x11                          @kchibisov
+/src/platform/x11.rs                @kchibisov
+/src/platform_impl/linux/x11        @kchibisov
 
-# Web
-/winit-web                          @daxpedda
+# macOS
+/src/platform/macos.rs              @madsmtm
+/src/platform_impl/macos            @madsmtm
 
-# Windows (Win32) (UNOWNED)
-#/winit-win32                       
+# Web (no maintainer)
+/src/platform/web.rs
+/src/platform_impl/web
+
+# Windows
+/src/platform/windows.rs            @msiglreith
+/src/platform_impl/windows          @msiglreith
 
 # Orbital (Redox OS)
-/winit-orbital                      @jackpot51
+/src/platform/orbital.rs            @jackpot51
+/src/platform_impl/orbital          @jackpot51

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/blank_issue.md

@@ -1,4 +0,0 @@
----
-name: Blank Issue
-about: Create a blank issue.
----

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/bug_android.yml

@@ -1,36 +0,0 @@
-name: Android bug
-description: Create an Android-specific bug report
-labels:
-  - B - bug
-  - DS - android
-body:
-  - type: markdown
-    attributes:
-      value: |
-        Thanks for taking the time to fill out this bug report!
-  - type: textarea
-    id: description
-    attributes:
-      label: Description
-      description: Description of the problem you're having
-    validations:
-      required: true
-  - type: textarea
-    id: device
-    attributes:
-      label: Device and Android version
-      description: Which devices and Android versions are you seeing the problem on?
-      placeholder: |
-        Samsung Galaxy Z running Android Pie (API level 28),
-        Samsung Galaxy Z running Android 14 (API level 34),
-        Pixel 8 running Android 14 (API level 34)
-    validations:
-      required: true
-  - type: textarea
-    id: winit-version
-    attributes:
-      label: Winit version
-      description: What version of Winit are you using?
-      placeholder: 0.29.11
-    validations:
-      required: true

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/bug_ios.yml

@@ -1,37 +0,0 @@
-name: iOS bug
-description: Create an iOS-specific bug report
-labels:
-  - B - bug
-  - DS - ios
-body:
-  - type: markdown
-    attributes:
-      value: |
-        Thanks for taking the time to fill out this bug report!
-  - type: textarea
-    id: description
-    attributes:
-      label: Description
-      description: Description of the problem you're having
-    validations:
-      required: true
-  - type: textarea
-    id: device
-    attributes:
-      label: Device and iOS version
-      description: Which devices and iOS versions are you seeing the problem on?
-      placeholder: |
-        iPhone 15 running iOS 14.0,
-        iPhone 15 running iOS 17.0,
-        MacBook Pro M2 Mac Catalyst running macOS 14.2,
-        iPhone simulator running iOS 17.0
-    validations:
-      required: true
-  - type: textarea
-    id: winit-version
-    attributes:
-      label: Winit version
-      description: What version of Winit are you using?
-      placeholder: 0.29.11
-    validations:
-      required: true

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/bug_macos.yml

@@ -1,37 +0,0 @@
-name: MacOS bug
-description: Create a macOS-specific bug report
-labels:
-  - B - bug
-  - DS - macos
-body:
-  - type: markdown
-    attributes:
-      value: |
-        Thanks for taking the time to fill out this bug report!
-  - type: textarea
-    id: description
-    attributes:
-      label: Description
-      description: Description of the problem you're having
-    validations:
-      required: true
-  - type: textarea
-    id: os-version
-    attributes:
-      label: macOS version
-      description: What version of macOS are you using? Please paste in the output of `sw_vers`.
-      placeholder: |
-        ProductName:            macOS
-        ProductVersion:         14.2.1
-        BuildVersion:           23C71
-      render: shell
-    validations:
-      required: true
-  - type: textarea
-    id: winit-version
-    attributes:
-      label: Winit version
-      description: What version of Winit are you using?
-      placeholder: 0.29.11
-    validations:
-      required: true

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/bug_wayland.yml

@@ -1,41 +0,0 @@
-name: Wayland bug
-description: Create a Wayland-specific bug report
-labels:
-  - B - bug
-  - DS - wayland
-body:
-  - type: markdown
-    attributes:
-      value: |
-        Thanks for taking the time to fill out this bug report!
-  - type: textarea
-    id: description
-    attributes:
-      label: Description
-      description: Description of the problem you're having
-    validations:
-      required: true
-  - type: textarea
-    id: debug
-    attributes:
-      label: Debugging output
-      description: Output of a binary run with `WAYLAND_DEBUG=1`
-      placeholder: |
-        [1234.5678]  -> wl_display@1.get_registry(new id wl_registry@2)
-        [1234.5678]  -> wl_display@1.sync(new id wl_callback@3)
-        ...
-      render: shell
-  - type: checkboxes
-    attributes:
-      label: Window isn't shown unless you draw
-      options:
-        - label: I understand that windows aren't shown on Wayland unless I draw and present to them.
-          required: true
-  - type: textarea
-    id: winit-version
-    attributes:
-      label: Winit version
-      description: What version of Winit are you using?
-      placeholder: 0.29.11
-    validations:
-      required: true

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/bug_web.yml

@@ -1,51 +0,0 @@
-name: Web bug
-description: Create a Web-specific bug report
-labels:
-  - B - bug
-  - DS - web
-body:
-  - type: markdown
-    attributes:
-      value: |
-        Thanks for taking the time to fill out this bug report!
-  - type: textarea
-    id: description
-    attributes:
-      label: Description
-      description: Description of the problem you're having
-    validations:
-      required: true
-  - type: dropdown
-    id: browsers
-    attributes:
-      label: Tested browsers
-      description: What browsers are you seeing the problem on?
-      options:
-        - Firefox
-        - Chrome
-        - Microsoft Edge
-        - Safari 13
-        - Safari 14
-        - Safari 15
-        - Safari 16
-        - Safari 17
-        - Safari (newer than listed)
-      multiple: true
-    validations:
-      required: true
-  - type: textarea
-    id: device
-    attributes:
-      label: Tested devices
-      description: Which device(s) are you using?
-      placeholder: 'iPhone 15, Lenovo ThinkPad X1, MacBook Pro M2, Samsung Galaxy Z, ...'
-    validations:
-      required: true
-  - type: textarea
-    id: winit-version
-    attributes:
-      label: Winit version
-      description: What version of Winit are you using?
-      placeholder: 0.29.11
-    validations:
-      required: true

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/bug_windows.yml

@@ -1,35 +0,0 @@
-name: Windows bug
-description: Create a Windows-specific bug report
-labels:
-  - B - bug
-  - DS - windows
-body:
-  - type: markdown
-    attributes:
-      value: |
-        Thanks for taking the time to fill out this bug report!
-  - type: textarea
-    id: description
-    attributes:
-      label: Description
-      description: Description of the problem you're having
-    validations:
-      required: true
-  - type: textarea
-    id: os-version
-    attributes:
-      label: Windows version
-      description: What version of Windows are you using? Please paste in the output of the `ver` command.
-      placeholder: |
-        Microsoft Windows [Version 10.0.19042.2251]
-      render: shell
-    validations:
-      required: true
-  - type: textarea
-    id: winit-version
-    attributes:
-      label: Winit version
-      description: What version of Winit are you using?
-      placeholder: 0.29.11
-    validations:
-      required: true

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/bug_x11.yml

@@ -1,32 +0,0 @@
-name: X11 bug
-description: Create a X11-specific bug report
-labels:
-  - B - bug
-  - DS - x11
-body:
-  - type: markdown
-    attributes:
-      value: |
-        Thanks for taking the time to fill out this bug report!
-  - type: textarea
-    id: description
-    attributes:
-      label: Description
-      description: Description of the problem you're having
-    validations:
-      required: true
-  - type: textarea
-    id: os-info
-    attributes:
-      label: OS and window mananger
-      description: Which operating system and window manager are you using?
-    validations:
-      required: true
-  - type: textarea
-    id: winit-version
-    attributes:
-      label: Winit version
-      description: What version of Winit are you using?
-      placeholder: 0.29.11
-    validations:
-      required: true

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/config.yml

@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
-blank_issues_enabled: true
-contact_links:
-  - name: Question
-    url: https://matrix.to/#/#rust-windowing:matrix.org
-    about: Please ask questions on the Matrix channel.

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/feature_request.yml

@@ -1,26 +0,0 @@
-name: Feature request
-description: Propose a new feature
-labels:
-  - S - enhancement
-body:
-  - type: textarea
-    id: description
-    attributes:
-      label: Description
-      description: Description of the problem does this solve or what need does it fill? Please be mindful of the [scope](https://github.com/rust-windowing/winit/blob/master/FEATURES.md) of Winit.
-    validations:
-      required: true
-  - type: dropdown
-    id: platforms
-    attributes:
-      label: Relevant platforms
-      description: On which platforms is this feature relevant?
-      options:
-        - Windows
-        - macOS
-        - Wayland
-        - X11
-        - Web
-        - iOS
-        - Android
-      multiple: true

.github/PULL_REQUEST_TEMPLATE.md

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 - [ ] Tested on all platforms changed
-- [ ] Added an entry to the `changelog` module if knowledge of this change could be valuable to users
+- [ ] Added an entry to `CHANGELOG.md` if knowledge of this change could be valuable to users
 - [ ] Updated documentation to reflect any user-facing changes, including notes of platform-specific behavior
 - [ ] Created or updated an example program if it would help users understand this functionality
+- [ ] Updated [feature matrix](https://github.com/rust-windowing/winit/blob/master/FEATURES.md), if new features were added or implemented

.github/dependabot.yaml

@@ -1,22 +0,0 @@
-version: 2
-
-updates:
-  - package-ecosystem: github-actions
-    directory: /
-    schedule:
-        interval: daily
-    groups:
-        github-actions:
-            patterns:
-                - "*"
-
-  - package-ecosystem: npm
-    directory: src/platform_impl/web/script
-    schedule:
-        interval: daily
-    groups:
-        github-actions:
-            patterns:
-                - '*'
-    labels:
-        - "DS - web"

.github/workflows/ci.yml

@@ -6,346 +6,116 @@ on:
     branches: [master]
 
 jobs:
-  fmt:
-    name: Check formatting
+  Check_Formatting:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-    - uses: taiki-e/checkout-action@v1
-    - uses: dtolnay/rust-toolchain@nightly
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v2
+    - uses: hecrj/setup-rust-action@v1
       with:
+        rust-version: stable
         components: rustfmt
     - name: Check Formatting
-      run: cargo fmt -- --check
-
-  taplo:
-    name: Taplo
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    steps:
-      - name: Checkout
-        uses: taiki-e/checkout-action@v1
-      - name: Install Taplo
-        uses: taiki-e/install-action@v2
-        with:
-          tool: taplo-cli
-      - name: Run Taplo
-        run: taplo fmt --check
-
-  typos:
-    name: Check for typos
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    timeout-minutes: 30
-    steps:
-      - uses: taiki-e/checkout-action@v1
-      - uses: taiki-e/install-action@v2
-        with:
-          tool: typos-cli
-      - name: run typos
-        run: typos
-      - name: Typos info
-        if: failure()
-        run: |
-          echo 'To fix typos, please run `typos -w`'
-          echo 'To check for a diff, run `typos`'
-          echo 'You can find typos here: https://crates.io/crates/typos'
+      run: cargo +stable fmt --all -- --check
 
   tests:
-    name: Test ${{ matrix.toolchain }} ${{ matrix.platform.name }}
-    runs-on: ${{ matrix.platform.os }}
-
+    name: Tests
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false
       matrix:
-        toolchain: [stable, nightly, '1.80']
+        rust_version: ['1.60.0', stable, nightly]
         platform:
           # Note: Make sure that we test all the `docs.rs` targets defined in Cargo.toml!
-          - { name: 'Windows 64bit MSVC', target: x86_64-pc-windows-msvc,   os: windows-latest,  }
-          - { name: 'Windows 32bit MSVC', target: i686-pc-windows-msvc,     os: windows-latest,  }
-          - { name: 'Windows 64bit GNU',  target: x86_64-pc-windows-gnu,    os: windows-latest, host: -x86_64-pc-windows-gnu }
-          - { name: 'Windows 32bit GNU',  target: i686-pc-windows-gnu,      os: windows-latest, host: -i686-pc-windows-gnu }
-          - { name: 'Linux 32bit',        target: i686-unknown-linux-gnu,   os: ubuntu-latest,   }
-          - { name: 'Linux 64bit',        target: x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu, os: ubuntu-latest,   }
-          - { name: 'X11',                target: x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu, os: ubuntu-latest, options: '--no-default-features --features=x11' }
-          - { name: 'Wayland',            target: x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu, os: ubuntu-latest, options: '--no-default-features --features=wayland,wayland-dlopen' }
-          - { name: 'Android',            target: aarch64-linux-android,    os: ubuntu-latest, options: '--package winit --features=android-native-activity', cmd: 'apk -- ' }
-          - { name: 'Redox OS',           target: x86_64-unknown-redox,     os: ubuntu-latest,   }
-          - { name: 'macOS x86_64',       target: x86_64-apple-darwin,      os: macos-latest,    }
-          - { name: 'macOS Aarch64',      target: aarch64-apple-darwin,     os: macos-latest,    }
-          - { name: 'iOS x86_64',         target: x86_64-apple-ios,         os: macos-latest,    }
-          - { name: 'iOS Aarch64',        target: aarch64-apple-ios,        os: macos-latest,    }
-          - { name: 'Web',                target: wasm32-unknown-unknown,   os: ubuntu-latest,   }
-        exclude:
-              # Web on nightly needs extra arguments
-
-          - toolchain: nightly
-            platform: { name: 'Web' }
-            # Rustup is broken.
-          - toolchain: nightly
-            platform: { name: 'Windows 32bit GNU' }
-          # Android is tested on stable-3
-          - toolchain: '1.80'
-            platform: { name: 'Android' }
-          # Redox OS doesn't follow MSRV
-          - toolchain: '1.80'
-            platform: { name: 'Redox OS' }
-        include:
-          - toolchain: '1.80'
-            platform: { name: 'Android', target: aarch64-linux-android, os: ubuntu-latest, options: '--package winit --features=android-native-activity', cmd: 'apk -- ' }
-          - toolchain: 'nightly'
-            platform: { name: 'Web', target: wasm32-unknown-unknown, os: ubuntu-latest, test-options: -Zdoctest-xcompile }
-          - toolchain: 'nightly'
-            platform: {
-              name:         'Web Atomic',
-              target:       wasm32-unknown-unknown,
-              os:           ubuntu-latest,
-              options:      '-Zbuild-std=panic_abort,std',
-              test-options: -Zdoctest-xcompile,
-              rustflags:    '-Ctarget-feature=+atomics,+bulk-memory',
-              components:   rust-src,
-            }
+          - { target: x86_64-pc-windows-msvc,   os: windows-latest,  }
+          - { target: i686-pc-windows-msvc,     os: windows-latest,  }
+          - { target: x86_64-pc-windows-gnu,    os: windows-latest, host: -x86_64-pc-windows-gnu }
+          - { target: i686-pc-windows-gnu,      os: windows-latest, host: -i686-pc-windows-gnu }
+          - { target: i686-unknown-linux-gnu,   os: ubuntu-latest,   }
+          - { target: x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu, os: ubuntu-latest,   }
+          - { target: x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu, os: ubuntu-latest, options: --no-default-features, features: x11 }
+          - { target: x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu, os: ubuntu-latest, options: --no-default-features, features: "wayland,wayland-dlopen" }
+          - { target: aarch64-linux-android,    os: ubuntu-latest, options: -p winit, cmd: 'apk --', features: "android-native-activity" }
+          - { target: x86_64-unknown-redox,     os: ubuntu-latest,   }
+          - { target: x86_64-apple-darwin,      os: macos-latest,    }
+          - { target: x86_64-apple-ios,         os: macos-latest,    }
+          - { target: aarch64-apple-ios,        os: macos-latest,    }
+          # We're using Windows rather than Ubuntu to run the wasm tests because caching cargo-web
+          # doesn't currently work on Linux.
+          - { target: wasm32-unknown-unknown,   os: windows-latest,  }
 
     env:
-      # Set more verbose terminal output
-      CARGO_TERM_VERBOSE: true
       RUST_BACKTRACE: 1
-
-      # Faster compilation and error on warnings
-      RUSTFLAGS: '--codegen=debuginfo=0 --deny=warnings ${{ matrix.platform.rustflags }}'
-      RUSTDOCFLAGS: ${{ matrix.platform.rustflags }}
-
-      OPTIONS: --target=${{ matrix.platform.target }} ${{ matrix.platform.options }}
-      TEST_OPTIONS: ${{ matrix.platform.test-options }}
+      CARGO_INCREMENTAL: 0
+      RUSTFLAGS: "-C debuginfo=0 --deny warnings"
+      OPTIONS: ${{ matrix.platform.options }}
+      FEATURES: ${{ format(',{0}', matrix.platform.features ) }}
       CMD: ${{ matrix.platform.cmd }}
+      RUSTDOCFLAGS: -Dwarnings
 
+    runs-on: ${{ matrix.platform.os }}
     steps:
-    - uses: taiki-e/checkout-action@v1
-
-    - name: Restore cache of cargo folder
-      # We use `restore` and later `save`, so that we can create the key after
-      # the cache has been downloaded.
-      #
-      # This could be avoided if we added Cargo.lock to the repository.
-      uses: actions/cache/restore@v4
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v2
+    # Used to cache cargo-web
+    - name: Cache cargo folder
+      uses: actions/cache@v1
       with:
-        # https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/guide/cargo-home.html#caching-the-cargo-home-in-ci
-        path: |
-          ~/.cargo/registry/index/
-          ~/.cargo/registry/cache/
-          ~/.cargo/git/db/
-        key: cargo-${{ matrix.toolchain }}-${{ matrix.platform.name }}-never-intended-to-be-found
-        restore-keys: cargo-${{ matrix.toolchain }}-${{ matrix.platform.name }}
+        path: ~/.cargo
+        key: ${{ matrix.platform.target }}-cargo-${{ matrix.rust_version }}
 
-    - name: Generate lockfile
-      # Also updates the crates.io index
-      run: cargo generate-lockfile && cargo update -p ahash --precise 0.8.7 && cargo update -p bumpalo --precise 3.14.0
+    - uses: hecrj/setup-rust-action@v1
+      with:
+        rust-version: ${{ matrix.rust_version }}${{ matrix.platform.host }}
+        targets: ${{ matrix.platform.target }}
+        components: clippy
 
     - name: Install GCC Multilib
       if: (matrix.platform.os == 'ubuntu-latest') && contains(matrix.platform.target, 'i686')
       run: sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install gcc-multilib
-
-    - name: Cache cargo-apk
-      if: contains(matrix.platform.target, 'android')
-      id: cargo-apk-cache
-      uses: actions/cache@v4
-      with:
-        path: ~/.cargo/bin/cargo-apk
-        # Change this key if we update the required cargo-apk version
-        key: cargo-apk-v0-9-7
-
-    - uses: dtolnay/rust-toolchain@master
-      if: contains(matrix.platform.target, 'android') && (steps.cargo-apk-cache.outputs.cache-hit != 'true')
-      with:
-        toolchain: stable
-
     - name: Install cargo-apk
-      if: contains(matrix.platform.target, 'android') && (steps.cargo-apk-cache.outputs.cache-hit != 'true')
-      run: cargo install cargo-apk --version=^0.9.7 --locked
-
-    - uses: taiki-e/cache-cargo-install-action@v2
-      if: contains(matrix.platform.target, 'wasm32') && matrix.toolchain == 'nightly'
-      with:
-        tool: wasm-bindgen-cli
-
-    - uses: dtolnay/rust-toolchain@master
-      with:
-        toolchain: ${{ matrix.toolchain }}${{ matrix.platform.host }}
-        targets: ${{ matrix.platform.target }}
-        components: clippy, ${{ matrix.platform.components }}
+      if: contains(matrix.platform.target, 'android')
+      run: cargo install cargo-apk
 
     - name: Check documentation
-      run: cargo doc --no-deps $OPTIONS --document-private-items
-      env:
-        RUSTDOCFLAGS: '--deny=warnings ${{ matrix.platform.rustflags }}'
+      shell: bash
+      run: cargo doc --no-deps --target ${{ matrix.platform.target }} $OPTIONS --features $FEATURES --document-private-items
 
     - name: Build crate
-      run: cargo $CMD build $OPTIONS
-
-    - name: Test winit core
-      run: cargo test -p winit-core
-
-    - name: Test winit Android
-      if: contains(matrix.platform.target, 'android')
-      run: cargo $CMD test -p winit-android --features native-activity --no-run
-
-    - name: Test winit Common (EventHandler)
-      run: cargo $CMD test -p winit-common --features event-handler --no-run
-
-    - name: Test winit Common (CF)
-      if: contains(matrix.platform.target, 'apple')
-      run: cargo $CMD test -p winit-common --features core-foundation --no-run
-
-    - name: Test winit Common (XKB)
-      if: contains(matrix.platform.target, 'linux-gnu')
-      run: cargo $CMD test -p winit-common --features xkb,x11,wayland --no-run
-
-    - name: Test winit AppKit
-      if: contains(matrix.platform.target, 'macos')
-      run: cargo $CMD test -p winit-appkit $OPTIONS
-
-    - name: Test winit Orbital
-      if: contains(matrix.platform.target, 'redox')
-      run: cargo test -p winit-orbital
-
-    - name: Test winit UIKit
-      if: contains(matrix.platform.target, 'ios')
-      # TODO: Run on Simulator
-      run: cargo $CMD test -p winit-uikit $OPTIONS --no-run
-
-    - name: Test winit Web
-      if: contains(matrix.platform.target, 'wasm')
-      run: cargo $CMD test -p winit-web $OPTIONS --no-run
-
-    - name: Test winit Win32
-      if: contains(matrix.platform.target, 'windows')
-      run: cargo $CMD test -p winit-win32 $OPTIONS
-
-    - name: Test winit X11
-      if: contains(matrix.platform.target, 'linux-gnu')
-      run: cargo $CMD test -p winit-x11 --target=${{ matrix.platform.target }}
-
-    - name: Test winit Wayland
-      if: contains(matrix.platform.target, 'linux-gnu')
-      run: cargo $CMD test -p winit-wayland --target=${{ matrix.platform.target }}
-
-    # Test only on Linux x86_64, so we avoid spending unnecessary CI hours.
-    - name: Test dpi crate
-      if: >
-        contains(matrix.platform.name, 'Linux 64bit') &&
-        matrix.toolchain != '1.80'
-      run: cargo test -p dpi
-
-    - name: Check dpi crate (no_std)
-      if: >
-        contains(matrix.platform.name, 'Linux 64bit') &&
-        matrix.toolchain != '1.80'
-      run: cargo check -p dpi --no-default-features
+      shell: bash
+      run: cargo $CMD build --verbose --target ${{ matrix.platform.target }} $OPTIONS --features $FEATURES
 
     - name: Build tests
+      shell: bash
       if: >
         !contains(matrix.platform.target, 'redox') &&
-        matrix.toolchain != '1.80'
-      run: cargo $CMD test --no-run $OPTIONS
+        matrix.rust_version != '1.60.0'
+      run: cargo $CMD test --no-run --verbose --target ${{ matrix.platform.target }} $OPTIONS --features $FEATURES
 
     - name: Run tests
+      shell: bash
       if: >
         !contains(matrix.platform.target, 'android') &&
         !contains(matrix.platform.target, 'ios') &&
-        (!contains(matrix.platform.target, 'wasm32') || matrix.toolchain == 'nightly') &&
+        !contains(matrix.platform.target, 'wasm32') &&
         !contains(matrix.platform.target, 'redox') &&
-        matrix.toolchain != '1.80'
-      run: cargo $CMD test $OPTIONS
+        matrix.rust_version != '1.60.0'
+      run: cargo $CMD test --verbose --target ${{ matrix.platform.target }} $OPTIONS --features $FEATURES
 
     - name: Lint with clippy
-      if: (matrix.toolchain == 'stable') && !contains(matrix.platform.options, '--no-default-features')
-      run: cargo clippy --all-targets $OPTIONS $TEST_OPTIONS -- -Dwarnings
+      shell: bash
+      if: (matrix.rust_version == 'stable') && !contains(matrix.platform.options, '--no-default-features')
+      run: cargo clippy --all-targets --target ${{ matrix.platform.target }} $OPTIONS --features $FEATURES -- -Dwarnings
 
     - name: Build tests with serde enabled
+      shell: bash
       if: >
         !contains(matrix.platform.target, 'redox') &&
-        matrix.toolchain != '1.80'
-      run: cargo $CMD test --no-run $OPTIONS $TEST_OPTIONS --features serde
-
+        matrix.rust_version != '1.60.0'
+      run: cargo $CMD test --no-run --verbose --target ${{ matrix.platform.target }} $OPTIONS --features serde,$FEATURES
     - name: Run tests with serde enabled
+      shell: bash
       if: >
         !contains(matrix.platform.target, 'android') &&
         !contains(matrix.platform.target, 'ios') &&
-        (!contains(matrix.platform.target, 'wasm32') || matrix.toolchain == 'nightly') &&
+        !contains(matrix.platform.target, 'wasm32') &&
         !contains(matrix.platform.target, 'redox') &&
-        matrix.toolchain != '1.80'
-      run: cargo $CMD test $OPTIONS $TEST_OPTIONS --features serde
-
-    - name: Check docs.rs documentation
-      if: matrix.toolchain == 'nightly'
-      run: cargo doc --no-deps $OPTIONS --features=serde,mint,android-native-activity
-      env:
-        RUSTDOCFLAGS: '--deny=warnings ${{ matrix.platform.rustflags }} --cfg=docsrs --cfg=unreleased_changelogs'
-
-    # See restore step above
-    - name: Save cache of cargo folder
-      uses: actions/cache/save@v4
-      with:
-        path: |
-          ~/.cargo/registry/index/
-          ~/.cargo/registry/cache/
-          ~/.cargo/git/db/
-        key: cargo-${{ matrix.toolchain }}-${{ matrix.platform.name }}-${{ hashFiles('Cargo.lock') }}
-
-  cargo-deny:
-    name: Run cargo-deny on ${{ matrix.platform.name }}
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-
-    # TODO: remove this matrix when https://github.com/EmbarkStudios/cargo-deny/issues/324 is resolved
-    strategy:
-      fail-fast: false
-      matrix:
-        platform:
-          - { name: 'Android', target: aarch64-linux-android }
-          - { name: 'iOS', target: aarch64-apple-ios }
-          - { name: 'Linux', target: x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu }
-          - { name: 'macOS', target: aarch64-apple-darwin }
-          - { name: 'Redox OS', target: x86_64-unknown-redox }
-          - { name: 'Web', target: wasm32-unknown-unknown }
-          - { name: 'Windows GNU', target: x86_64-pc-windows-gnu }
-          - { name: 'Windows MSVC', target: x86_64-pc-windows-msvc }
-
-    steps:
-    - uses: taiki-e/checkout-action@v1
-    - uses: EmbarkStudios/cargo-deny-action@v2
-      with:
-        command: check
-        log-level: error
-        manifest-path: winit/Cargo.toml
-        arguments: --all-features --target ${{ matrix.platform.target }}
-
-  eslint:
-    name: ESLint
-
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    defaults:
-      run:
-        working-directory: ./winit-web/src/script
-
-    steps:
-      - uses: taiki-e/checkout-action@v1
-      - name: Setup NPM
-        run: npm install
-      - name: Run ESLint
-        run: npx eslint
-
-  swc:
-    name: Minimize JavaScript
-
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    defaults:
-      run:
-        working-directory: ./winit-web/src/script
-
-    steps:
-      - uses: taiki-e/checkout-action@v1
-      - name: Install SWC
-        run: sudo npm i -g @swc/cli
-      - name: Run SWC
-        run: |
-          swc . --ignore node_modules,**/*.d.ts --only **/*.ts -d . --out-file-extension min.js
-      - name: Check for diff
-        run: |
-          [[ -z $(git status -s) ]]
+        matrix.rust_version != '1.60.0'
+      run: cargo $CMD test --verbose --target ${{ matrix.platform.target }} $OPTIONS --features serde,$FEATURES

.github/workflows/docs.yml

@@ -1,50 +0,0 @@
-name: Docs
-
-on:
-  push:
-    branches: [master]
-
-jobs:
-  docs:
-    name: Documentation
-    environment:
-      name: github-pages
-      url: ${{ steps.deployment.outputs.page_url }}winit
-
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-
-    permissions:
-      contents: read
-      pages: write
-      id-token: write
-
-    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v5
-
-      - uses: dtolnay/rust-toolchain@master
-        with:
-          toolchain: nightly
-
-      - name: Run Rustdoc
-        env:
-          RUSTDOCFLAGS: --crate-version master --cfg=docsrs --cfg=unreleased_changelogs
-        run: |
-          cargo doc --no-deps -Z rustdoc-map -Z rustdoc-scrape-examples --features=serde,mint,android-native-activity
-
-      - name: Setup Pages
-        uses: actions/configure-pages@v5
-
-      - name: Fix permissions
-        run: |
-          chmod -c -R +rX "target/doc" | while read line; do
-            echo "::warning title=Invalid file permissions automatically fixed::$line"
-          done
-
-      - name: Upload artifact
-        uses: actions/upload-pages-artifact@v4
-        with:
-          path: target/doc
-
-      - name: Deploy to GitHub Pages
-        id: deployment
-        uses: actions/deploy-pages@v4

.gitignore

@@ -3,8 +3,8 @@ target/
 rls/
 .vscode/
 *~
+*.wasm
+*.ts
+*.js
 #*#
 .DS_Store
-# NPM package used to run ESLint.
-/src/platform_impl/web/script/node_modules
-/src/platform_impl/web/script/package-lock.json

.gitmodules

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+[submodule "deps/apk-builder"]
+	path = deps/apk-builder
+	url = https://github.com/rust-windowing/android-rs-glue

CHANGELOG.md

@@ -1,8 +1,957 @@
-Changelog entries should be put in the [`changelog::unreleased`].
+# Changelog
 
-The changelog can also be viewed [on docs.rs][docs_rs] or [on the current
-master docs][master_docs].
+All notable changes to this project will be documented in this file.
 
-[`changelog::unreleased`]: winit/src/changelog/unreleased.md
-[docs_rs]: https://docs.rs/winit/latest/winit/changelog/index.html
-[master_docs]: https://rust-windowing.github.io/winit/winit/changelog/index.html
+Please keep one empty line before and after all headers. (This is required for `git` to produce a conflict when a release is made while a PR is open and the PR's changelog entry would go into the wrong section).
+
+And please only add new entries to the top of this list, right below the `# Unreleased` header.
+
+# Unreleased
+
+# 0.28.4
+
+- On macOS, fix empty marked text blocking regular input.
+- On macOS, fixed potential panic when getting refresh rate.
+- On macOS, fix crash when calling `Window::set_ime_position` from another thread.
+
+# 0.28.3
+
+- Fix macOS memory leaks.
+
+# 0.28.2
+
+- Implement `HasRawDisplayHandle` for `EventLoop`.
+- On macOS, set resize increments only for live resizes.
+- On Wayland, fix rare crash on DPI change
+- Web: Added support for `Window::theme`.
+- On Wayland, fix rounding issues when doing resize.
+- On macOS, fix wrong focused state on startup.
+- On Windows, fix crash on setting taskbar when using Visual Studio debugger.
+- On macOS, resize simple fullscreen windows on windowDidChangeScreen events.
+
+# 0.28.1
+
+- On Wayland, fix crash when dropping a window in multi-window setup.
+
+# 0.28.0
+
+- On macOS, fixed `Ime::Commit` persisting for all input after interacting with `Ime`.
+- On macOS, added `WindowExtMacOS::option_as_alt` and `WindowExtMacOS::set_option_as_alt`.
+- On Windows, fix window size for maximized, undecorated windows.
+- On Windows and macOS, add `WindowBuilder::with_active`.
+- Add `Window::is_minimized`.
+- On X11, fix errors handled during `register_xlib_error_hook` invocation bleeding into winit.
+- Add `Window::has_focus`.
+- On Windows, fix `Window::set_minimized(false)` not working for windows minimized by `Win + D` hotkey.
+- **Breaking:** On Web, touch input no longer fires `WindowEvent::Cursor*`, `WindowEvent::MouseInput`, or `DeviceEvent::MouseMotion` like other platforms, but instead it fires `WindowEvent::Touch`.
+- **Breaking:** Removed platform specific `WindowBuilder::with_parent` API in favor of `WindowBuilder::with_parent_window`.
+- On Windows, retain `WS_MAXIMIZE` window style when un-minimizing a maximized window.
+- On Windows, fix left mouse button release event not being sent after `Window::drag_window`.
+- On macOS, run most actions on the main thread, which is strictly more correct, but might make multithreaded applications block slightly more.
+- On macOS, fix panic when getting current monitor without any monitor attached.
+- On Windows and MacOS, add API to enable/disable window buttons (close, minimize, ...etc).
+- On Windows, macOS, X11 and Wayland, add `Window::set_theme`.
+- **Breaking:** Remove `WindowExtWayland::wayland_set_csd_theme` and `WindowBuilderExtX11::with_gtk_theme_variant`.
+- On Windows, revert window background to an empty brush to avoid white flashes when changing scaling.
+- **Breaking:** Removed `Window::set_always_on_top` and related APIs in favor of `Window::set_window_level`.
+- On Windows, MacOS and X11, add always on bottom APIs.
+- On Windows, fix the value in `MouseButton::Other`.
+- On macOS, add `WindowExtMacOS::is_document_edited` and `WindowExtMacOS::set_document_edited` APIs.
+- **Breaking:** Removed `WindowBuilderExtIOS::with_root_view_class`; instead, you should use `[[view layer] addSublayer: ...]` to add an instance of the desired layer class (e.g. `CAEAGLLayer` or `CAMetalLayer`). See `vulkano-win` or `wgpu` for examples of this.
+- On MacOS and Windows, add `Window::set_content_protected`.
+- On MacOS, add `EventLoopBuilderExtMacOS::with_activate_ignoring_other_apps`.
+- On Windows, fix icons specified on `WindowBuilder` not taking effect for windows created after the first one.
+- On Windows and macOS, add `Window::title` to query the current window title.
+- On Windows, fix focusing menubar when pressing `Alt`.
+- On MacOS, made `accepts_first_mouse` configurable.
+- Migrated `WindowBuilderExtUnix::with_resize_increments` to `WindowBuilder`.
+- Added `Window::resize_increments`/`Window::set_resize_increments` to update resize increments at runtime for X11/macOS.
+- macOS/iOS: Use `objc2` instead of `objc` internally.
+- **Breaking:** Bump MSRV from `1.57` to `1.60`.
+- **Breaking:** Split the `platform::unix` module into `platform::x11` and `platform::wayland`. The extension types are similarly renamed.
+- **Breaking:**: Removed deprecated method `platform::unix::WindowExtUnix::is_ready`.
+- Removed `parking_lot` dependency.
+- **Breaking:** On macOS, add support for two-finger touchpad magnification and rotation gestures with new events `WindowEvent::TouchpadMagnify` and `WindowEvent::TouchpadRotate`. Also add support for touchpad smart-magnification gesture with a new event `WindowEvent::SmartMagnify`.
+- **Breaking:** On web, the `WindowBuilderExtWebSys::with_prevent_default` setting (enabled by default), now additionally prevents scrolling of the webpage in mobile browsers, previously it only disabled scrolling on desktop.
+- On Wayland, `wayland-csd-adwaita` now uses `ab_glyph` instead of `crossfont` to render the title for decorations.
+- On Wayland, a new `wayland-csd-adwaita-crossfont` feature was added to use `crossfont` instead of `ab_glyph` for decorations.
+- On Wayland, if not otherwise specified use upstream automatic CSD theme selection.
+- On X11, added `WindowExtX11::with_parent` to create child windows.
+- Added support for `WindowBuilder::with_theme` and `Window::theme` to support per-window dark/light/system theme configuration on macos, windows and wayland.
+- On macOS, added support for `WindowEvent::ThemeChanged`.
+- **Breaking:** Removed `WindowBuilderExtWindows::with_theme` and `WindowBuilderExtWayland::with_wayland_csd_theme` in favour of `WindowBuilder::with_theme`.
+- **Breaking:** Removed `WindowExtWindows::theme` in favour of `Window::theme`.
+- Enabled `doc_auto_cfg` when generating docs on docs.rs for feature labels.
+- **Breaking:** On Android, switched to using [`android-activity`](https://github.com/rib/android-activity) crate as a glue layer instead of [`ndk-glue`](https://github.com/rust-windowing/android-ndk-rs/tree/master/ndk-glue). See [README.md#Android](https://github.com/rust-windowing/winit#Android) for more details. ([#2444](https://github.com/rust-windowing/winit/pull/2444))
+- **Breaking:** Removed support for `raw-window-handle` version `0.4`
+- On Wayland, `RedrawRequested` not emitted during resize.
+- Add a `set_wait_timeout` function to `ControlFlow` to allow waiting for a `Duration`.
+- **Breaking:** Remove the unstable `xlib_xconnection()` function from the private interface.
+- Added Orbital support for Redox OS
+- On X11, added `drag_resize_window` method.
+- Added `Window::set_transparent` to provide a hint about transparency of the window on Wayland and macOS.
+- On macOS, fix the mouse buttons other than left/right/middle being reported as middle.
+- On Wayland, support fractional scaling via the wp-fractional-scale protocol.
+- On web, fix removal of mouse event listeners from the global object upon window distruction.
+- Add WindowAttributes getter to WindowBuilder to allow introspection of default values.
+- Added `Window::set_ime_purpose` for setting the IME purpose, currently implemented on Wayland only.
+
+# 0.27.5
+
+- On Wayland, fix byte offset in `Ime::Preedit` pointing to invalid bytes.
+
+# 0.27.4
+
+- On Windows, emit `ReceivedCharacter` events on system keybindings.
+- On Windows, fixed focus event emission on minimize.
+- On X11, fixed IME crashing during reload.
+
+# 0.27.3
+
+- On Windows, added `WindowExtWindows::set_undecorated_shadow` and `WindowBuilderExtWindows::with_undecorated_shadow` to draw the drop shadow behind a borderless window.
+- On Windows, fixed default window features (ie snap, animations, shake, etc.) when decorations are disabled.
+- On Windows, fixed ALT+Space shortcut to open window menu.
+- On Wayland, fixed `Ime::Preedit` not being sent on IME reset.
+- Fixed unbound version specified for `raw-window-handle` leading to compilation failures.
+- Empty `Ime::Preedit` event will be sent before `Ime::Commit` to help clearing preedit.
+- On X11, fixed IME context picking by querying for supported styles beforehand.
+
+# 0.27.2 (2022-8-12)
+
+- On macOS, fixed touch phase reporting when scrolling.
+- On X11, fix min, max and resize increment hints not persisting for resizable windows (e.g. on DPI change).
+- On Windows, respect min/max inner sizes when creating the window.
+- For backwards compatibility, `Window` now (additionally) implements the old version (`0.4`) of the `HasRawWindowHandle` trait
+- On Windows, added support for `EventLoopWindowTarget::set_device_event_filter`.
+- On Wayland, fix user requested `WindowEvent::RedrawRequested` being delayed by a frame.
+
+# 0.27.1 (2022-07-30)
+
+- The minimum supported Rust version was lowered to `1.57.0` and now explicitly tested.
+- On X11, fix crash on start due to inability to create an IME context without any preedit.
+
+# 0.27.0 (2022-07-26)
+
+- On Windows, fix hiding a maximized window.
+- On Android, `ndk-glue`'s `NativeWindow` lock is now held between `Event::Resumed` and `Event::Suspended`.
+- On Web, added `EventLoopExtWebSys` with a `spawn` method to start the event loop without throwing an exception.
+- Added `WindowEvent::Occluded(bool)`, currently implemented on macOS and X11.
+- On X11, fix events for caps lock key not being sent
+- Build docs on `docs.rs` for iOS and Android as well.
+- **Breaking:** Removed the `WindowAttributes` struct, since all its functionality is accessible from `WindowBuilder`.
+- Added `WindowBuilder::transparent` getter to check if the user set `transparent` attribute.
+- On macOS, Fix emitting `Event::LoopDestroyed` on CMD+Q.
+- On macOS, fixed an issue where having multiple windows would prevent run_return from ever returning.
+- On Wayland, fix bug where the cursor wouldn't hide in GNOME.
+- On macOS, Windows, and Wayland, add `set_cursor_hittest` to let the window ignore mouse events.
+- On Windows, added `WindowExtWindows::set_skip_taskbar` and `WindowBuilderExtWindows::with_skip_taskbar`.
+- On Windows, added `EventLoopBuilderExtWindows::with_msg_hook`.
+- On Windows, remove internally unique DC per window.
+- On macOS, remove the need to call `set_ime_position` after moving the window.
+- Added `Window::is_visible`.
+- Added `Window::is_resizable`.
+- Added `Window::is_decorated`.
+- On X11, fix for repeated event loop iteration when `ControlFlow` was `Wait`
+- On X11, fix scale factor calculation when the only monitor is reconnected
+- On Wayland, report unaccelerated mouse deltas in `DeviceEvent::MouseMotion`.
+- On Web, a focused event is manually generated when a click occurs to emulate behaviour of other backends.
+- **Breaking:** Bump `ndk` version to 0.6, ndk-sys to `v0.3`, `ndk-glue` to `0.6`.
+- Remove no longer needed `WINIT_LINK_COLORSYNC` environment variable.
+- **Breaking:** Rename the `Exit` variant of `ControlFlow` to `ExitWithCode`, which holds a value to control the exit code after running. Add an `Exit` constant which aliases to `ExitWithCode(0)` instead to avoid major breakage. This shouldn't affect most existing programs.
+- Add `EventLoopBuilder`, which allows you to create and tweak the settings of an event loop before creating it.
+- Deprecated `EventLoop::with_user_event`; use `EventLoopBuilder::with_user_event` instead.
+- **Breaking:** Replaced `EventLoopExtMacOS` with `EventLoopBuilderExtMacOS` (which also has renamed methods).
+- **Breaking:** Replaced `EventLoopExtWindows` with `EventLoopBuilderExtWindows` (which also has renamed methods).
+- **Breaking:** Replaced `EventLoopExtUnix` with `EventLoopBuilderExtUnix` (which also has renamed methods).
+- **Breaking:** The platform specific extensions for Windows `winit::platform::windows` have changed. All `HANDLE`-like types e.g. `HWND` and `HMENU` were converted from winapi types or `*mut c_void` to `isize`. This was done to be consistent with the type definitions in windows-sys and to not expose internal dependencies.
+- The internal bindings to the [Windows API](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/) were changed from the unofficial [winapi](https://github.com/retep998/winapi-rs) bindings to the official Microsoft [windows-sys](https://github.com/microsoft/windows-rs) bindings.
+- On Wayland, fix polling during consecutive `EventLoop::run_return` invocations.
+- On Windows, fix race issue creating fullscreen windows with `WindowBuilder::with_fullscreen`
+- On Android, `virtual_keycode` for `KeyboardInput` events is now filled in where a suitable match is found.
+- Added helper methods on `ControlFlow` to set its value.
+- On Wayland, fix `TouchPhase::Ended` always reporting the location of the first touch down, unless the compositor
+  sent a cancel or frame event.
+- On iOS, send `RedrawEventsCleared` even if there are no redraw events, consistent with other platforms.
+- **Breaking:** Replaced `Window::with_app_id` and `Window::with_class` with `Window::with_name` on `WindowBuilderExtUnix`.
+- On Wayland, fallback CSD was replaced with proper one:
+  - `WindowBuilderExtUnix::with_wayland_csd_theme` to set color theme in builder.
+  - `WindowExtUnix::wayland_set_csd_theme` to set color theme when creating a window.
+  - `WINIT_WAYLAND_CSD_THEME` env variable was added, it can be used to set "dark"/"light" theme in apps that don't expose theme setting.
+  - `wayland-csd-adwaita` feature that enables proper CSD with title rendering using FreeType system library.
+  - `wayland-csd-adwaita-notitle` feature that enables CSD but without title rendering.
+- On Wayland and X11, fix window not resizing with `Window::set_inner_size` after calling `Window:set_resizable(false)`.
+- On Windows, fix wrong fullscreen monitors being recognized when handling WM_WINDOWPOSCHANGING messages
+- **Breaking:** Added new `WindowEvent::Ime` supported on desktop platforms.
+- Added `Window::set_ime_allowed` supported on desktop platforms.
+- **Breaking:** IME input on desktop platforms won't be received unless it's explicitly allowed via `Window::set_ime_allowed` and new `WindowEvent::Ime` events are handled.
+- On macOS, `WindowEvent::Resized` is now emitted in `frameDidChange` instead of `windowDidResize`.
+- **Breaking:** On X11, device events are now ignored for unfocused windows by default, use `EventLoopWindowTarget::set_device_event_filter` to set the filter level.
+- Implemented `Default` on `EventLoop<()>`.
+- Implemented `Eq` for `Fullscreen`, `Theme`, and `UserAttentionType`.
+- **Breaking:** `Window::set_cursor_grab` now accepts `CursorGrabMode` to control grabbing behavior.
+- On Wayland, add support for `Window::set_cursor_position`.
+- Fix on macOS `WindowBuilder::with_disallow_hidpi`, setting true or false by the user no matter the SO default value.
+- `EventLoopBuilder::build` will now panic when the `EventLoop` is being created more than once.
+- Added `From<u64>` for `WindowId` and `From<WindowId>` for `u64`.
+- Added `MonitorHandle::refresh_rate_millihertz` to get monitor's refresh rate.
+- **Breaking**, Replaced `VideoMode::refresh_rate` with `VideoMode::refresh_rate_millihertz` providing better precision.
+- On Web, add `with_prevent_default` and `with_focusable` to `WindowBuilderExtWebSys` to control whether events should be propagated.
+- On Windows, fix focus events being sent to inactive windows.
+- **Breaking**, update `raw-window-handle` to `v0.5` and implement `HasRawDisplayHandle` for `Window` and `EventLoopWindowTarget`.
+- On X11, add function `register_xlib_error_hook` into `winit::platform::unix` to subscribe for errors comming from Xlib.
+- On Android, upgrade `ndk` and `ndk-glue` dependencies to the recently released `0.7.0`.
+- All platforms can now be relied on to emit a `Resumed` event. Applications are recommended to lazily initialize graphics state and windows on first resume for portability.
+- **Breaking:**: Reverse horizontal scrolling sign in `MouseScrollDelta` to match the direction of vertical scrolling. A positive X value now means moving the content to the right. The meaning of vertical scrolling stays the same: a positive Y value means moving the content down.
+- On MacOS, fix deadlock when calling `set_maximized` from event loop.
+
+# 0.26.1 (2022-01-05)
+
+- Fix linking to the `ColorSync` framework on macOS 10.7, and in newer Rust versions.
+- On Web, implement cursor grabbing through the pointer lock API.
+- On X11, add mappings for numpad comma, numpad enter, numlock and pause.
+- On macOS, fix Pinyin IME input by reverting a change that intended to improve IME.
+- On Windows, fix a crash with transparent windows on Windows 11.
+
+# 0.26.0 (2021-12-01)
+
+- Update `raw-window-handle` to `v0.4`. This is _not_ a breaking change, we still implement `HasRawWindowHandle` from `v0.3`, see [rust-windowing/raw-window-handle#74](https://github.com/rust-windowing/raw-window-handle/pull/74). Note that you might have to run `cargo update -p raw-window-handle` after upgrading.
+- On X11, bump `mio` to 0.8.
+- On Android, fixed `WindowExtAndroid::config` initially returning an empty `Configuration`.
+- On Android, fixed `Window::scale_factor` and `MonitorHandle::scale_factor` initially always returning 1.0.
+- On X11, select an appropriate visual for transparency if is requested
+- On Wayland and X11, fix diagonal window resize cursor orientation.
+- On macOS, drop the event callback before exiting.
+- On Android, implement `Window::request_redraw`
+- **Breaking:** On Web, remove the `stdweb` backend.
+- Added `Window::focus_window`to bring the window to the front and set input focus.
+- On Wayland and X11, implement `is_maximized` method on `Window`.
+- On Windows, prevent ghost window from showing up in the taskbar after either several hours of use or restarting `explorer.exe`.
+- On macOS, fix issue where `ReceivedCharacter` was not being emitted during some key repeat events.
+- On Wayland, load cursor icons `hand2` and `hand1` for `CursorIcon::Hand`.
+- **Breaking:** On Wayland, Theme trait and its support types are dropped.
+- On Wayland, bump `smithay-client-toolkit` to 0.15.1.
+- On Wayland, implement `request_user_attention` with `xdg_activation_v1`.
+- On X11, emit missing `WindowEvent::ScaleFactorChanged` when the only monitor gets reconnected.
+- On X11, if RANDR based scale factor is higher than 20 reset it to 1
+- On Wayland, add an enabled-by-default feature called `wayland-dlopen` so users can opt out of using `dlopen` to load system libraries.
+- **Breaking:** On Android, bump `ndk` and `ndk-glue` to 0.5.
+- On Windows, increase wait timer resolution for more accurate timing when using `WaitUntil`.
+- On macOS, fix native file dialogs hanging the event loop.
+- On Wayland, implement a workaround for wrong configure size when using `xdg_decoration` in `kwin_wayland`
+- On macOS, fix an issue that prevented the menu bar from showing in borderless fullscreen mode.
+- On X11, EINTR while polling for events no longer causes a panic. Instead it will be treated as a spurious wakeup.
+
+# 0.25.0 (2021-05-15)
+
+- **Breaking:** On macOS, replace `WindowBuilderExtMacOS::with_activation_policy` with `EventLoopExtMacOS::set_activation_policy`
+- On macOS, wait with activating the application until the application has initialized.
+- On macOS, fix creating new windows when the application has a main menu.
+- On Windows, fix fractional deltas for mouse wheel device events.
+- On macOS, fix segmentation fault after dropping the main window.
+- On Android, `InputEvent::KeyEvent` is partially implemented providing the key scancode.
+- Added `is_maximized` method to `Window`.
+- On Windows, fix bug where clicking the decoration bar would make the cursor blink.
+- On Windows, fix bug causing newly created windows to erroneously display the "wait" (spinning) cursor.
+- On macOS, wake up the event loop immediately when a redraw is requested.
+- On Windows, change the default window size (1024x768) to match the default on other desktop platforms (800x600).
+- On Windows, fix bug causing mouse capture to not be released.
+- On Windows, fix fullscreen not preserving minimized/maximized state.
+- On Android, unimplemented events are marked as unhandled on the native event loop.
+- On Windows, added `WindowBuilderExtWindows::with_menu` to set a custom menu at window creation time.
+- On Android, bump `ndk` and `ndk-glue` to 0.3: use predefined constants for event `ident`.
+- On macOS, fix objects captured by the event loop closure not being dropped on panic.
+- On Windows, fixed `WindowEvent::ThemeChanged` not properly firing and fixed `Window::theme` returning the wrong theme.
+- On Web, added support for `DeviceEvent::MouseMotion` to listen for relative mouse movements.
+- Added `WindowBuilder::with_position` to allow setting the position of a `Window` on creation. Supported on Windows, macOS and X11.
+- Added `Window::drag_window`. Implemented on Windows, macOS, X11 and Wayland.
+- On X11, bump `mio` to 0.7.
+- On Windows, added `WindowBuilderExtWindows::with_owner_window` to allow creating popup windows.
+- On Windows, added `WindowExtWindows::set_enable` to allow creating modal popup windows.
+- On macOS, emit `RedrawRequested` events immediately while the window is being resized.
+- Implement `Default`, `Hash`, and `Eq` for `LogicalPosition`, `PhysicalPosition`, `LogicalSize`, and `PhysicalSize`.
+- On macOS, initialize the Menu Bar with minimal defaults. (Can be prevented using `enable_default_menu_creation`)
+- On macOS, change the default behavior for first click when the window was unfocused. Now the window becomes focused and then emits a `MouseInput` event on a "first mouse click".
+- Implement mint (math interoperability standard types) conversions (under feature flag `mint`).
+
+# 0.24.0 (2020-12-09)
+
+- On Windows, fix applications not exiting gracefully due to thread_event_target_callback accessing corrupted memory.
+- On Windows, implement `Window::set_ime_position`.
+- **Breaking:** On Windows, Renamed `WindowBuilderExtWindows`'s `is_dark_mode` to `theme`.
+- **Breaking:** On Windows, renamed `WindowBuilderExtWindows::is_dark_mode` to `theme`.
+- On Windows, add `WindowBuilderExtWindows::with_theme` to set a preferred theme.
+- On Windows, fix bug causing message boxes to appear delayed.
+- On Android, calling `WindowEvent::Focused` now works properly instead of always returning false.
+- On Windows, fix Alt-Tab behaviour by removing borderless fullscreen "always on top" flag.
+- On Windows, fix bug preventing windows with transparency enabled from having fully-opaque regions.
+- **Breaking:** On Windows, include prefix byte in scancodes.
+- On Wayland, fix window not being resizeable when using `WindowBuilder::with_min_inner_size`.
+- On Unix, fix cross-compiling to wasm32 without enabling X11 or Wayland.
+- On Windows, fix use-after-free crash during window destruction.
+- On Web, fix `WindowEvent::ReceivedCharacter` never being sent on key input.
+- On macOS, fix compilation when targeting aarch64.
+- On X11, fix `Window::request_redraw` not waking the event loop.
+- On Wayland, the keypad arrow keys are now recognized.
+- **Breaking** Rename `desktop::EventLoopExtDesktop` to `run_return::EventLoopExtRunReturn`.
+- Added `request_user_attention` method to `Window`.
+- **Breaking:** On macOS, removed `WindowExt::request_user_attention`, use `Window::request_user_attention`.
+- **Breaking:** On X11, removed `WindowExt::set_urgent`, use `Window::request_user_attention`.
+- On Wayland, default font size in CSD increased from 11 to 17.
+- On Windows, fix bug causing message boxes to appear delayed.
+- On Android, support multi-touch.
+- On Wayland, extra mouse buttons are not dropped anymore.
+- **Breaking**: `MouseButton::Other` now uses `u16`.
+
+# 0.23.0 (2020-10-02)
+
+- On iOS, fixed support for the "Debug View Heirarchy" feature in Xcode.
+- On all platforms, `available_monitors` and `primary_monitor` are now on `EventLoopWindowTarget` rather than `EventLoop` to list monitors event in the event loop.
+- On Unix, X11 and Wayland are now optional features (enabled by default)
+- On X11, fix deadlock when calling `set_fullscreen_inner`.
+- On Web, prevent the webpage from scrolling when the user is focused on a winit canvas
+- On Web, calling `window.set_cursor_icon` no longer breaks HiDPI scaling
+- On Windows, drag and drop is now optional (enabled by default) and can be disabled with `WindowBuilderExtWindows::with_drag_and_drop(false)`.
+- On Wayland, fix deadlock when calling to `set_inner_size` from a callback.
+- On macOS, add `hide__other_applications` to `EventLoopWindowTarget` via existing `EventLoopWindowTargetExtMacOS` trait. `hide_other_applications` will hide other applications by calling `-[NSApplication hideOtherApplications: nil]`.
+- On android added support for `run_return`.
+- On MacOS, Fixed fullscreen and dialog support for `run_return`.
+- On Windows, fix bug where we'd try to emit `MainEventsCleared` events during nested win32 event loops.
+- On Web, use mouse events if pointer events aren't supported. This affects Safari.
+- On Windows, `set_ime_position` is now a no-op instead of a runtime crash.
+- On Android, `set_fullscreen` is now a no-op instead of a runtime crash.
+- On iOS and Android, `set_inner_size` is now a no-op instead of a runtime crash.
+- On Android, fix `ControlFlow::Poll` not polling the Android event queue.
+- On macOS, add `NSWindow.hasShadow` support.
+- On Web, fix vertical mouse wheel scrolling being inverted.
+- On Web, implement mouse capturing for click-dragging out of the canvas.
+- On Web, fix `ControlFlow::Exit` not properly handled.
+- On Web (web-sys only), send `WindowEvent::ScaleFactorChanged` event when `window.devicePixelRatio` is changed.
+- **Breaking:** On Web, `set_cursor_position` and `set_cursor_grab` will now always return an error.
+- **Breaking:** `PixelDelta` scroll events now return a `PhysicalPosition`.
+- On NetBSD, fixed crash due to incorrect detection of the main thread.
+- **Breaking:** On X11, `-` key is mapped to the `Minus` virtual key code, instead of `Subtract`.
+- On macOS, fix inverted horizontal scroll.
+- **Breaking:** `current_monitor` now returns `Option<MonitorHandle>`.
+- **Breaking:** `primary_monitor` now returns `Option<MonitorHandle>`.
+- On macOS, updated core-* dependencies and cocoa.
+- Bump `parking_lot` to 0.11
+- On Android, bump `ndk`, `ndk-sys` and `ndk-glue` to 0.2. Checkout the new ndk-glue main proc attribute.
+- On iOS, fixed starting the app in landscape where the view still had portrait dimensions.
+- Deprecate the stdweb backend, to be removed in a future release
+- **Breaking:** Prefixed virtual key codes `Add`, `Multiply`, `Divide`, `Decimal`, and `Subtract` with `Numpad`.
+- Added `Asterisk` and `Plus` virtual key codes.
+- On Web (web-sys only), the `Event::LoopDestroyed` event is correctly emitted when leaving the page.
+- On Web, the `WindowEvent::Destroyed` event now gets emitted when a `Window` is dropped.
+- On Web (web-sys only), the event listeners are now removed when a `Window` is dropped or when the event loop is destroyed.
+- On Web, the event handler closure passed to `EventLoop::run` now gets dropped after the event loop is destroyed.
+- **Breaking:** On Web, the canvas element associated to a `Window` is no longer removed from the DOM when the `Window` is dropped.
+- On Web, `WindowEvent::Resized` is now emitted when `Window::set_inner_size` is called.
+- **Breaking:** `Fullscreen` enum now uses `Borderless(Option<MonitorHandle>)` instead of `Borderless(MonitorHandle)` to allow picking the current monitor.
+- On MacOS, fix `WindowEvent::Moved` ignoring the scale factor.
+- On Wayland, add missing virtual keycodes.
+- On Wayland, implement proper `set_cursor_grab`.
+- On Wayland, the cursor will use similar icons if the requested one isn't available.
+- On Wayland, right clicking on client side decorations will request application menu.
+- On Wayland, fix tracking of window size after state changes.
+- On Wayland, fix client side decorations not being hidden properly in fullscreen.
+- On Wayland, fix incorrect size event when entering fullscreen with client side decorations.
+- On Wayland, fix `resizable` attribute not being applied properly on startup.
+- On Wayland, fix disabled repeat rate not being handled.
+- On Wayland, fix decoration buttons not working after tty switch.
+- On Wayland, fix scaling not being applied on output re-enable.
+- On Wayland, fix crash when `XCURSOR_SIZE` is `0`.
+- On Wayland, fix pointer getting created in some cases without pointer capability.
+- On Wayland, on kwin, fix space between window and decorations on startup.
+- **Breaking:** On Wayland, `Theme` trait was reworked.
+- On Wayland, disable maximize button for non-resizable window.
+- On Wayland, added support for `set_ime_position`.
+- On Wayland, fix crash on startup since GNOME 3.37.90.
+- On X11, fix incorrect modifiers state on startup.
+
+# 0.22.2 (2020-05-16)
+
+- Added Clone implementation for 'static events.
+- On Windows, fix window intermittently hanging when `ControlFlow` was set to `Poll`.
+- On Windows, fix `WindowBuilder::with_maximized` being ignored.
+- On Android, minimal platform support.
+- On iOS, touch positions are now properly converted to physical pixels.
+- On macOS, updated core-* dependencies and cocoa
+
+# 0.22.1 (2020-04-16)
+
+- On X11, fix `ResumeTimeReached` being fired too early.
+- On Web, replaced zero timeout for `ControlFlow::Poll` with `requestAnimationFrame`
+- On Web, fix a possible panic during event handling
+- On macOS, fix `EventLoopProxy` leaking memory for every instance.
+
+# 0.22.0 (2020-03-09)
+
+- On Windows, fix minor timing issue in wait_until_time_or_msg
+- On Windows, rework handling of request_redraw() to address panics.
+- On macOS, fix `set_simple_screen` to remember frame excluding title bar.
+- On Wayland, fix coordinates in touch events when scale factor isn't 1.
+- On Wayland, fix color from `close_button_icon_color` not applying.
+- Ignore locale if unsupported by X11 backend
+- On Wayland, Add HiDPI cursor support
+- On Web, add the ability to query "Light" or "Dark" system theme send `ThemeChanged` on change.
+- Fix `Event::to_static` returning `None` for user events.
+- On Wayland, Hide CSD for fullscreen windows.
+- On Windows, ignore spurious mouse move messages.
+- **Breaking:** Move `ModifiersChanged` variant from `DeviceEvent` to `WindowEvent`.
+- On Windows, add `IconExtWindows` trait which exposes creating an `Icon` from an external file or embedded resource
+- Add `BadIcon::OsError` variant for when OS icon functionality fails
+- On Windows, fix crash at startup on systems that do not properly support Windows' Dark Mode
+- Revert On macOS, fix not sending ReceivedCharacter event for specific keys combinations.
+- on macOS, fix incorrect ReceivedCharacter events for some key combinations.
+- **Breaking:** Use `i32` instead of `u32` for position type in `WindowEvent::Moved`.
+- On macOS, a mouse motion event is now generated before every mouse click.
+
+# 0.21.0 (2020-02-04)
+
+- On Windows, fixed "error: linking with `link.exe` failed: exit code: 1120" error on older versions of windows.
+- On macOS, fix set_minimized(true) works only with decorations.
+- On macOS, add `hide_application` to `EventLoopWindowTarget` via a new `EventLoopWindowTargetExtMacOS` trait. `hide_application` will hide the entire application by calling `-[NSApplication hide: nil]`.
+- On macOS, fix not sending ReceivedCharacter event for specific keys combinations.
+- On macOS, fix `CursorMoved` event reporting the cursor position using logical coordinates.
+- On macOS, fix issue where unbundled applications would sometimes open without being focused.
+- On macOS, fix `run_return` does not return unless it receives a message.
+- On Windows, fix bug where `RedrawRequested` would only get emitted every other iteration of the event loop.
+- On X11, fix deadlock on window state when handling certain window events.
+- `WindowBuilder` now implements `Default`.
+- **Breaking:** `WindowEvent::CursorMoved` changed to `f64` units, preserving high-precision data supplied by most backends
+- On Wayland, fix coordinates in mouse events when scale factor isn't 1
+- On Web, add the ability to provide a custom canvas
+- **Breaking:** On Wayland, the `WaylandTheme` struct has been replaced with a `Theme` trait, allowing for extra configuration
+
+# 0.20.0 (2020-01-05)
+
+- On X11, fix `ModifiersChanged` emitting incorrect modifier change events
+- **Breaking**: Overhaul how Winit handles DPI:
+  - Window functions and events now return `PhysicalSize` instead of `LogicalSize`.
+  - Functions that take `Size` or `Position` types can now take either `Logical` or `Physical` types.
+  - `hidpi_factor` has been renamed to `scale_factor`.
+  - `HiDpiFactorChanged` has been renamed to `ScaleFactorChanged`, and lets you control how the OS
+    resizes the window in response to the change.
+  - On X11, deprecate `WINIT_HIDPI_FACTOR` environment variable in favor of `WINIT_X11_SCALE_FACTOR`.
+  - `Size` and `Position` types are now generic over their exact pixel type.
+
+# 0.20.0 Alpha 6 (2020-01-03)
+
+- On macOS, fix `set_cursor_visible` hides cursor outside of window.
+- On macOS, fix `CursorEntered` and `CursorLeft` events fired at old window size.
+- On macOS, fix error when `set_fullscreen` is called during fullscreen transition.
+- On all platforms except mobile and WASM, implement `Window::set_minimized`.
+- On X11, fix `CursorEntered` event being generated for non-winit windows.
+- On macOS, fix crash when starting maximized without decorations.
+- On macOS, fix application not terminating on `run_return`.
+- On Wayland, fix cursor icon updates on window borders when using CSD.
+- On Wayland, under mutter(GNOME Wayland), fix CSD being behind the status bar, when starting window in maximized mode.
+- On Windows, theme the title bar according to whether the system theme is "Light" or "Dark".
+- Added `WindowEvent::ThemeChanged` variant to handle changes to the system theme. Currently only implemented on Windows.
+- **Breaking**: Changes to the `RedrawRequested` event (#1041):
+  - `RedrawRequested` has been moved from `WindowEvent` to `Event`.
+  - `EventsCleared` has been renamed to `MainEventsCleared`.
+  - `RedrawRequested` is now issued only after `MainEventsCleared`.
+  - `RedrawEventsCleared` is issued after each set of `RedrawRequested` events.
+- Implement synthetic window focus key events on Windows.
+- **Breaking**: Change `ModifiersState` to a `bitflags` struct.
+- On Windows, implement `VirtualKeyCode` translation for `LWin` and `RWin`.
+- On Windows, fix closing the last opened window causing `DeviceEvent`s to stop getting emitted.
+- On Windows, fix `Window::set_visible` not setting internal flags correctly. This resulted in some weird behavior.
+- Add `DeviceEvent::ModifiersChanged`.
+  - Deprecate `modifiers` fields in other events in favor of `ModifiersChanged`.
+- On X11, `WINIT_HIDPI_FACTOR` now dominates `Xft.dpi` when picking DPI factor for output.
+- On X11, add special value `randr` for `WINIT_HIDPI_FACTOR` to make winit use self computed DPI factor instead of the one from `Xft.dpi`.
+
+# 0.20.0 Alpha 5 (2019-12-09)
+
+- On macOS, fix application termination on `ControlFlow::Exit`
+- On Windows, fix missing `ReceivedCharacter` events when Alt is held.
+- On macOS, stop emitting private corporate characters in `ReceivedCharacter` events.
+- On X11, fix misreporting DPI factor at startup.
+- On X11, fix events not being reported when using `run_return`.
+- On X11, fix key modifiers being incorrectly reported.
+- On X11, fix window creation hanging when another window is fullscreen.
+- On Windows, fix focusing unfocused windows when switching from fullscreen to windowed.
+- On X11, fix reporting incorrect DPI factor when waking from suspend.
+- Change `EventLoopClosed` to contain the original event.
+- **Breaking**: Add `is_synthetic` field to `WindowEvent` variant `KeyboardInput`,
+  indicating that the event is generated by winit.
+- On X11, generate synthetic key events for keys held when a window gains or loses focus.
+- On X11, issue a `CursorMoved` event when a `Touch` event occurs,
+  as X11 implicitly moves the cursor for such events.
+
+# 0.20.0 Alpha 4 (2019-10-18)
+
+- Add web support via the 'stdweb' or 'web-sys' features
+- On Windows, implemented function to get HINSTANCE
+- On macOS, implement `run_return`.
+- On iOS, fix inverted parameter in `set_prefers_home_indicator_hidden`.
+- On X11, performance is improved when rapidly calling `Window::set_cursor_icon`.
+- On iOS, fix improper `msg_send` usage that was UB and/or would break if `!` is stabilized.
+- On Windows, unset `maximized` when manually changing the window's position or size.
+- On Windows, add touch pressure information for touch events.
+- On macOS, differentiate between `CursorIcon::Grab` and `CursorIcon::Grabbing`.
+- On Wayland, fix event processing sometimes stalling when using OpenGL with vsync.
+- Officially remove the Emscripten backend.
+- On Windows, fix handling of surrogate pairs when dispatching `ReceivedCharacter`.
+- On macOS 10.15, fix freeze upon exiting exclusive fullscreen mode.
+- On iOS, fix panic upon closing the app.
+- On X11, allow setting mulitple `XWindowType`s.
+- On iOS, fix null window on initial `HiDpiFactorChanged` event.
+- On Windows, fix fullscreen window shrinking upon getting restored to a normal window.
+- On macOS, fix events not being emitted during modal loops, such as when windows are being resized
+  by the user.
+- On Windows, fix hovering the mouse over the active window creating an endless stream of CursorMoved events.
+- Always dispatch a `RedrawRequested` event after creating a new window.
+- On X11, return dummy monitor data to avoid panicking when no monitors exist.
+- On X11, prevent stealing input focus when creating a new window.
+  Only steal input focus when entering fullscreen mode.
+- On Wayland, fixed DeviceEvents for relative mouse movement is not always produced
+- On Wayland, add support for set_cursor_visible and set_cursor_grab.
+- On Wayland, fixed DeviceEvents for relative mouse movement is not always produced.
+- Removed `derivative` crate dependency.
+- On Wayland, add support for set_cursor_icon.
+- Use `impl Iterator<Item = MonitorHandle>` instead of `AvailableMonitorsIter` consistently.
+- On macOS, fix fullscreen state being updated after entering fullscreen instead of before,
+  resulting in `Window::fullscreen` returning the old state in `Resized` events instead of
+  reflecting the new fullscreen state
+- On X11, fix use-after-free during window creation
+- On Windows, disable monitor change keyboard shortcut while in exclusive fullscreen.
+- On Windows, ensure that changing a borderless fullscreen window's monitor via keyboard shortcuts keeps the window fullscreen on the new monitor.
+- Prevent `EventLoop::new` and `EventLoop::with_user_event` from getting called outside the main thread.
+  - This is because some platforms cannot run the event loop outside the main thread. Preventing this
+    reduces the potential for cross-platform compatibility gotchyas.
+- On Windows and Linux X11/Wayland, add platform-specific functions for creating an `EventLoop` outside the main thread.
+- On Wayland, drop resize events identical to the current window size.
+- On Windows, fix window rectangle not getting set correctly on high-DPI systems.
+
+# 0.20.0 Alpha 3 (2019-08-14)
+
+- On macOS, drop the run closure on exit.
+- On Windows, location of `WindowEvent::Touch` are window client coordinates instead of screen coordinates.
+- On X11, fix delayed events after window redraw.
+- On macOS, add `WindowBuilderExt::with_disallow_hidpi` to have the option to turn off best resolution openGL surface.
+- On Windows, screen saver won't start if the window is in fullscreen mode.
+- Change all occurrences of the `new_user_event` method to `with_user_event`.
+- On macOS, the dock and the menu bar are now hidden in fullscreen mode.
+- `Window::set_fullscreen` now takes `Option<Fullscreen>` where `Fullscreen`
+  consists of `Fullscreen::Exclusive(VideoMode)` and
+  `Fullscreen::Borderless(MonitorHandle)` variants.
+  - Adds support for exclusive fullscreen mode.
+- On iOS, add support for hiding the home indicator.
+- On iOS, add support for deferring system gestures.
+- On iOS, fix a crash that occurred while acquiring a monitor's name.
+- On iOS, fix armv7-apple-ios compile target.
+- Removed the `T: Clone` requirement from the `Clone` impl of `EventLoopProxy<T>`.
+- On iOS, disable overscan compensation for external displays (removes black
+  bars surrounding the image).
+- On Linux, the functions `is_wayland`, `is_x11`, `xlib_xconnection` and `wayland_display` have been moved to a new `EventLoopWindowTargetExtUnix` trait.
+- On iOS, add `set_prefers_status_bar_hidden` extension function instead of
+  hijacking `set_decorations` for this purpose.
+- On macOS and iOS, corrected the auto trait impls of `EventLoopProxy`.
+- On iOS, add touch pressure information for touch events.
+- Implement `raw_window_handle::HasRawWindowHandle` for `Window` type on all supported platforms.
+- On macOS, fix the signature of `-[NSView drawRect:]`.
+- On iOS, fix the behavior of `ControlFlow::Poll`. It wasn't polling if that was the only mode ever used by the application.
+- On iOS, fix DPI sent out by views on creation was `0.0` - now it gives a reasonable number.
+- On iOS, RedrawRequested now works for gl/metal backed views.
+- On iOS, RedrawRequested is generally ordered after EventsCleared.
+
+# 0.20.0 Alpha 2 (2019-07-09)
+
+- On X11, non-resizable windows now have maximize explicitly disabled.
+- On Windows, support paths longer than MAX_PATH (260 characters) in `WindowEvent::DroppedFile`
+and `WindowEvent::HoveredFile`.
+- On Mac, implement `DeviceEvent::Button`.
+- Change `Event::Suspended(true / false)` to `Event::Suspended` and `Event::Resumed`.
+- On X11, fix sanity check which checks that a monitor's reported width and height (in millimeters) are non-zero when calculating the DPI factor.
+- Revert the use of invisible surfaces in Wayland, which introduced graphical glitches with OpenGL (#835)
+- On X11, implement `_NET_WM_PING` to allow desktop environment to kill unresponsive programs.
+- On Windows, when a window is initially invisible, it won't take focus from the existing visible windows.
+- On Windows, fix multiple calls to `request_redraw` during `EventsCleared` sending multiple `RedrawRequested events.`
+- On Windows, fix edge case where `RedrawRequested` could be dispatched before input events in event loop iteration.
+- On Windows, fix timing issue that could cause events to be improperly dispatched after `RedrawRequested` but before `EventsCleared`.
+- On macOS, drop unused Metal dependency.
+- On Windows, fix the trail effect happening on transparent decorated windows. Borderless (or un-decorated) windows were not affected.
+- On Windows, fix `with_maximized` not properly setting window size to entire window.
+- On macOS, change `WindowExtMacOS::request_user_attention()` to take an `enum` instead of a `bool`.
+
+# 0.20.0 Alpha 1 (2019-06-21)
+
+- Changes below are considered **breaking**.
+- Change all occurrences of `EventsLoop` to `EventLoop`.
+- Previously flat API is now exposed through `event`, `event_loop`, `monitor`, and `window` modules.
+- `os` module changes:
+  - Renamed to `platform`.
+  - All traits now have platform-specific suffixes.
+  - Exposes new `desktop` module on Windows, Mac, and Linux.
+- Changes to event loop types:
+  - `EventLoopProxy::wakeup` has been removed in favor of `send_event`.
+  - **Major:** New `run` method drives winit event loop.
+    - Returns `!` to ensure API behaves identically across all supported platforms.
+      - This allows `emscripten` implementation to work without lying about the API.
+    - `ControlFlow`'s variants have been replaced with `Wait`, `WaitUntil(Instant)`, `Poll`, and `Exit`.
+      - Is read after `EventsCleared` is processed.
+      - `Wait` waits until new events are available.
+      - `WaitUntil` waits until either new events are available or the provided time has been reached.
+      - `Poll` instantly resumes the event loop.
+      - `Exit` aborts the event loop.
+    - Takes a closure that implements `'static + FnMut(Event<T>, &EventLoop<T>, &mut ControlFlow)`.
+      - `&EventLoop<T>` is provided to allow new `Window`s to be created.
+  - **Major:** `platform::desktop` module exposes `EventLoopExtDesktop` trait with `run_return` method.
+    - Behaves identically to `run`, but returns control flow to the calling context and can take non-`'static` closures.
+  - `EventLoop`'s `poll_events` and `run_forever` methods have been removed in favor of `run` and `run_return`.
+- Changes to events:
+  - Remove `Event::Awakened` in favor of `Event::UserEvent(T)`.
+    - Can be sent with `EventLoopProxy::send_event`.
+  - Rename `WindowEvent::Refresh` to `WindowEvent::RedrawRequested`.
+    - `RedrawRequested` can be sent by the user with the `Window::request_redraw` method.
+  - `EventLoop`, `EventLoopProxy`, and `Event` are now generic over `T`, for use in `UserEvent`.
+  - **Major:** Add `NewEvents(StartCause)`, `EventsCleared`, and `LoopDestroyed` variants to `Event`.
+    - `NewEvents` is emitted when new events are ready to be processed by event loop.
+      - `StartCause` describes why new events are available, with `ResumeTimeReached`, `Poll`, `WaitCancelled`, and `Init` (sent once at start of loop).
+    - `EventsCleared` is emitted when all available events have been processed.
+      - Can be used to perform logic that depends on all events being processed (e.g. an iteration of a game loop).
+    - `LoopDestroyed` is emitted when the `run` or `run_return` method is about to exit.
+- Rename `MonitorId` to `MonitorHandle`.
+- Removed `serde` implementations from `ControlFlow`.
+- Rename several functions to improve both internal consistency and compliance with Rust API guidelines.
+- Remove `WindowBuilder::multitouch` field, since it was only implemented on a few platforms. Multitouch is always enabled now.
+- **Breaking:** On macOS, change `ns` identifiers to use snake_case for consistency with iOS's `ui` identifiers.
+- Add `MonitorHandle::video_modes` method for retrieving supported video modes for the given monitor.
+- On Wayland, the window now exists even if nothing has been drawn.
+- On Windows, fix initial dimensions of a fullscreen window.
+- On Windows, Fix transparent borderless windows rendering wrong.
+
+# Version 0.19.1 (2019-04-08)
+
+- On Wayland, added a `get_wayland_display` function to `EventsLoopExt`.
+- On Windows, fix `CursorMoved(0, 0)` getting dispatched on window focus.
+- On macOS, fix command key event left and right reverse.
+- On FreeBSD, NetBSD, and OpenBSD, fix build of X11 backend.
+- On Linux, the numpad's add, subtract and divide keys are now mapped to the `Add`, `Subtract` and `Divide` virtual key codes
+- On macOS, the numpad's subtract key has been added to the `Subtract` mapping
+- On Wayland, the numpad's home, end, page up and page down keys are now mapped to the `Home`, `End`, `PageUp` and `PageDown` virtual key codes
+- On Windows, fix icon not showing up in corner of window.
+- On X11, change DPI scaling factor behavior. First, winit tries to read it from "Xft.dpi" XResource, and uses DPI calculation from xrandr dimensions as fallback behavior.
+
+# Version 0.19.0 (2019-03-06)
+
+- On X11, we will use the faster `XRRGetScreenResourcesCurrent` function instead of `XRRGetScreenResources` when available.
+- On macOS, fix keycodes being incorrect when using a non-US keyboard layout.
+- On Wayland, fix `with_title()` not setting the windows title
+- On Wayland, add `set_wayland_theme()` to control client decoration color theme
+- Added serde serialization to `os::unix::XWindowType`.
+- **Breaking:** Remove the `icon_loading` feature and the associated `image` dependency.
+- On X11, make event loop thread safe by replacing XNextEvent with select(2) and XCheckIfEvent
+- On Windows, fix malformed function pointer typecast that could invoke undefined behavior.
+- Refactored Windows state/flag-setting code.
+- On Windows, hiding the cursor no longer hides the cursor for all Winit windows - just the one `hide_cursor` was called on.
+- On Windows, cursor grabs used to get perpetually canceled when the grabbing window lost focus. Now, cursor grabs automatically get re-initialized when the window regains focus and the mouse moves over the client area.
+- On Windows, only vertical mouse wheel events were handled. Now, horizontal mouse wheel events are also handled.
+- On Windows, ignore the AltGr key when populating the `ModifersState` type.
+
+# Version 0.18.1 (2018-12-30)
+
+- On macOS, fix `Yen` (JIS) so applications receive the event.
+- On X11 with a tiling WM, fixed high CPU usage when moving windows across monitors.
+- On X11, fixed panic caused by dropping the window before running the event loop.
+- on macOS, added `WindowExt::set_simple_fullscreen` which does not require a separate space
+- Introduce `WindowBuilderExt::with_app_id` to allow setting the application ID on Wayland.
+- On Windows, catch panics in event loop child thread and forward them to the parent thread. This prevents an invocation of undefined behavior due to unwinding into foreign code.
+- On Windows, fix issue where resizing or moving window combined with grabbing the cursor would freeze program.
+- On Windows, fix issue where resizing or moving window would eat `Awakened` events.
+- On Windows, exiting fullscreen after entering fullscreen with disabled decorations no longer shrinks window.
+- On X11, fixed a segfault when using virtual monitors with XRandR.
+- Derive `Ord` and `PartialOrd` for `VirtualKeyCode` enum.
+- On Windows, fix issue where hovering or dropping a non file item would create a panic.
+- On Wayland, fix resizing and DPI calculation when a `wl_output` is removed without sending a `leave` event to the `wl_surface`, such as disconnecting a monitor from a laptop.
+- On Wayland, DPI calculation is handled by smithay-client-toolkit.
+- On X11, `WindowBuilder::with_min_dimensions` and `WindowBuilder::with_max_dimensions` now correctly account for DPI.
+- Added support for generating dummy `DeviceId`s and `WindowId`s to better support unit testing.
+- On macOS, fixed unsoundness in drag-and-drop that could result in drops being rejected.
+- On macOS, implemented `WindowEvent::Refresh`.
+- On macOS, all `MouseCursor` variants are now implemented and the cursor will no longer reset after unfocusing.
+- Removed minimum supported Rust version guarantee.
+
+# Version 0.18.0 (2018-11-07)
+
+- **Breaking:** `image` crate upgraded to 0.20. This is exposed as part of the `icon_loading` API.
+- On Wayland, pointer events will now provide the current modifiers state.
+- On Wayland, titles will now be displayed in the window header decoration.
+- On Wayland, key repetition is now ended when keyboard loses focus.
+- On Wayland, windows will now use more stylish and modern client side decorations.
+- On Wayland, windows will use server-side decorations when available.
+- **Breaking:** Added support for F16-F24 keys (variants were added to the `VirtualKeyCode` enum).
+- Fixed graphical glitches when resizing on Wayland.
+- On Windows, fix freezes when performing certain actions after a window resize has been triggered. Reintroduces some visual artifacts when resizing.
+- Updated window manager hints under X11 to v1.5 of [Extended Window Manager Hints](https://specifications.freedesktop.org/wm-spec/wm-spec-1.5.html#idm140200472629520).
+- Added `WindowBuilderExt::with_gtk_theme_variant` to X11-specific `WindowBuilder` functions.
+- Fixed UTF8 handling bug in X11 `set_title` function.
+- On Windows, `Window::set_cursor` now applies immediately instead of requiring specific events to occur first.
+- On Windows, the `HoveredFile` and `HoveredFileCancelled` events are now implemented.
+- On Windows, fix `Window::set_maximized`.
+- On Windows 10, fix transparency (#260).
+- On macOS, fix modifiers during key repeat.
+- Implemented the `Debug` trait for `Window`, `EventsLoop`, `EventsLoopProxy` and `WindowBuilder`.
+- On X11, now a `Resized` event will always be generated after a DPI change to ensure the window's logical size is consistent with the new DPI.
+- Added further clarifications to the DPI docs.
+- On Linux, if neither X11 nor Wayland manage to initialize, the corresponding panic now consists of a single line only.
+- Add optional `serde` feature with implementations of `Serialize`/`Deserialize` for DPI types and various event types.
+- Add `PartialEq`, `Eq`, and `Hash` implementations on public types that could have them but were missing them.
+- On X11, drag-and-drop receiving an unsupported drop type can no longer cause the WM to freeze.
+- Fix issue whereby the OpenGL context would not appear at startup on macOS Mojave (#1069).
+- **Breaking:** Removed `From<NSApplicationActivationPolicy>` impl from `ActivationPolicy` on macOS.
+- On macOS, the application can request the user's attention with `WindowExt::request_user_attention`.
+
+# Version 0.17.2 (2018-08-19)
+
+- On macOS, fix `<C-Tab>` so applications receive the event.
+- On macOS, fix `<Cmd-{key}>` so applications receive the event.
+- On Wayland, key press events will now be repeated.
+
+# Version 0.17.1 (2018-08-05)
+
+- On X11, prevent a compilation failure in release mode for versions of Rust greater than or equal to 1.30.
+- Fixed deadlock that broke fullscreen mode on Windows.
+
+# Version 0.17.0 (2018-08-02)
+
+- Cocoa and core-graphics updates.
+- Fixed thread-safety issues in several `Window` functions on Windows.
+- On MacOS, the key state for modifiers key events is now properly set.
+- On iOS, the view is now set correctly. This makes it possible to render things (instead of being stuck on a black screen), and touch events work again.
+- Added NetBSD support.
+- **Breaking:** On iOS, `UIView` is now the default root view. `WindowBuilderExt::with_root_view_class` can be used to set the root view objective-c class to `GLKView` (OpenGLES) or `MTKView` (Metal/MoltenVK).
+- On iOS, the `UIApplication` is not started until `Window::new` is called.
+- Fixed thread unsafety with cursor hiding on macOS.
+- On iOS, fixed the size of the `JmpBuf` type used for `setjmp`/`longjmp` calls. Previously this was a buffer overflow on most architectures.
+- On Windows, use cached window DPI instead of repeatedly querying the system. This fixes sporadic crashes on Windows 7.
+
+# Version 0.16.2 (2018-07-07)
+
+- On Windows, non-resizable windows now have the maximization button disabled. This is consistent with behavior on macOS and popular X11 WMs.
+- Corrected incorrect `unreachable!` usage when guessing the DPI factor with no detected monitors.
+
+# Version 0.16.1 (2018-07-02)
+
+- Added logging through `log`. Logging will become more extensive over time.
+- On X11 and Windows, the window's DPI factor is guessed before creating the window. This _greatly_ cuts back on unsightly auto-resizing that would occur immediately after window creation.
+- Fixed X11 backend compilation for environments where `c_char` is unsigned.
+
+# Version 0.16.0 (2018-06-25)
+
+- Windows additionally has `WindowBuilderExt::with_no_redirection_bitmap`.
+- **Breaking:** Removed `VirtualKeyCode::LMenu` and `VirtualKeyCode::RMenu`; Windows now generates `VirtualKeyCode::LAlt` and `VirtualKeyCode::RAlt` instead.
+- On X11, exiting fullscreen no longer leaves the window in the monitor's top left corner.
+- **Breaking:** `Window::hidpi_factor` has been renamed to `Window::get_hidpi_factor` for better consistency. `WindowEvent::HiDPIFactorChanged` has been renamed to `WindowEvent::HiDpiFactorChanged`. DPI factors are always represented as `f64` instead of `f32` now.
+- The Windows backend is now DPI aware. `WindowEvent::HiDpiFactorChanged` is implemented, and `MonitorId::get_hidpi_factor` and `Window::hidpi_factor` return accurate values.
+- Implemented `WindowEvent::HiDpiFactorChanged` on X11.
+- On macOS, `Window::set_cursor_position` is now relative to the client area.
+- On macOS, setting the maximum and minimum dimensions now applies to the client area dimensions rather than to the window dimensions.
+- On iOS, `MonitorId::get_dimensions` has been implemented and both `MonitorId::get_hidpi_factor` and `Window::get_hidpi_factor` return accurate values.
+- On Emscripten, `MonitorId::get_hidpi_factor` now returns the same value as `Window::get_hidpi_factor` (it previously would always return 1.0).
+- **Breaking:** The entire API for sizes, positions, etc. has changed. In the majority of cases, winit produces and consumes positions and sizes as `LogicalPosition` and `LogicalSize`, respectively. The notable exception is `MonitorId` methods, which deal in `PhysicalPosition` and `PhysicalSize`. See the documentation for specifics and explanations of the types. Additionally, winit automatically conserves logical size when the DPI factor changes.
+- **Breaking:** All deprecated methods have been removed. For `Window::platform_display` and `Window::platform_window`, switch to the appropriate platform-specific `WindowExt` methods. For `Window::get_inner_size_points` and `Window::get_inner_size_pixels`, use the `LogicalSize` returned by `Window::get_inner_size` and convert as needed.
+- HiDPI support for Wayland.
+- `EventsLoop::get_available_monitors` and `EventsLoop::get_primary_monitor` now have identical counterparts on `Window`, so this information can be acquired without an `EventsLoop` borrow.
+- `AvailableMonitorsIter` now implements `Debug`.
+- Fixed quirk on macOS where certain keys would generate characters at twice the normal rate when held down.
+- On X11, all event loops now share the same `XConnection`.
+- **Breaking:** `Window::set_cursor_state` and `CursorState` enum removed in favor of the more composable `Window::grab_cursor` and `Window::hide_cursor`. As a result, grabbing the cursor no longer automatically hides it; you must call both methods to retain the old behavior on Windows and macOS. `Cursor::NoneCursor` has been removed, as it's no longer useful.
+- **Breaking:** `Window::set_cursor_position` now returns `Result<(), String>`, thus allowing for `Box<Error>` conversion via `?`.
+
+# Version 0.15.1 (2018-06-13)
+
+- On X11, the `Moved` event is no longer sent when the window is resized without changing position.
+- `MouseCursor` and `CursorState` now implement `Default`.
+- `WindowBuilder::with_resizable` implemented for Windows, X11, Wayland, and macOS.
+- `Window::set_resizable` implemented for Windows, X11, Wayland, and macOS.
+- On X11, if the monitor's width or height in millimeters is reported as 0, the DPI is now 1.0 instead of +inf.
+- On X11, the environment variable `WINIT_HIDPI_FACTOR` has been added for overriding DPI factor.
+- On X11, enabling transparency no longer causes the window contents to flicker when resizing.
+- On X11, `with_override_redirect` now actually enables override redirect.
+- macOS now generates `VirtualKeyCode::LAlt` and `VirtualKeyCode::RAlt` instead of `None` for both.
+- On macOS, `VirtualKeyCode::RWin` and `VirtualKeyCode::LWin` are no longer switched.
+- On macOS, windows without decorations can once again be resized.
+- Fixed race conditions when creating an `EventsLoop` on X11, most commonly manifesting as "[xcb] Unknown sequence number while processing queue".
+- On macOS, `CursorMoved` and `MouseInput` events are only generated if they occurs within the window's client area.
+- On macOS, resizing the window no longer generates a spurious `MouseInput` event.
+
+# Version 0.15.0 (2018-05-22)
+
+- `Icon::to_cardinals` is no longer public, since it was never supposed to be.
+- Wayland: improve diagnostics if initialization fails
+- Fix some system event key doesn't work when focused, do not block keyevent forward to system on macOS
+- On X11, the scroll wheel position is now correctly reset on i3 and other WMs that have the same quirk.
+- On X11, `Window::get_current_monitor` now reliably returns the correct monitor.
+- On X11, `Window::hidpi_factor` returns values from XRandR rather than the inaccurate values previously queried from the core protocol.
+- On X11, the primary monitor is detected correctly even when using versions of XRandR less than 1.5.
+- `MonitorId` now implements `Debug`.
+- Fixed bug on macOS where using `with_decorations(false)` would cause `set_decorations(true)` to produce a transparent titlebar with no title.
+- Implemented `MonitorId::get_position` on macOS.
+- On macOS, `Window::get_current_monitor` now returns accurate values.
+- Added `WindowBuilderExt::with_resize_increments` to macOS.
+- **Breaking:** On X11, `WindowBuilderExt::with_resize_increments` and `WindowBuilderExt::with_base_size` now take `u32` values rather than `i32`.
+- macOS keyboard handling has been overhauled, allowing for the use of dead keys, IME, etc. Right modifier keys are also no longer reported as being left.
+- Added the `Window::set_ime_spot(x: i32, y: i32)` method, which is implemented on X11 and macOS.
+- **Breaking**: `os::unix::WindowExt::send_xim_spot(x: i16, y: i16)` no longer exists. Switch to the new `Window::set_ime_spot(x: i32, y: i32)`, which has equivalent functionality.
+- Fixed detection of `Pause` and `Scroll` keys on Windows.
+- On Windows, alt-tabbing while the cursor is grabbed no longer makes it impossible to re-grab the cursor.
+- On Windows, using `CursorState::Hide` when the cursor is grabbed now ungrabs the cursor first.
+- Implemented `MouseCursor::NoneCursor` on Windows.
+- Added `WindowBuilder::with_always_on_top` and `Window::set_always_on_top`. Implemented on Windows, macOS, and X11.
+- On X11, `WindowBuilderExt` now has `with_class`, `with_override_redirect`, and `with_x11_window_type` to allow for more control over window creation. `WindowExt` additionally has `set_urgent`.
+- More hints are set by default on X11, including `_NET_WM_PID` and `WM_CLIENT_MACHINE`. Note that prior to this, the `WM_CLASS` hint was automatically set to whatever value was passed to `with_title`. It's now set to the executable name to better conform to expectations and the specification; if this is undesirable, you must explicitly use `WindowBuilderExt::with_class`.
+
+# Version 0.14.0 (2018-05-09)
+
+- Created the `Copy`, `Paste` and `Cut` `VirtualKeyCode`s and added support for them on X11 and Wayland
+- Fix `.with_decorations(false)` in macOS
+- On Mac, `NSWindow` and supporting objects might be alive long after they were `closed` which resulted in apps consuming more heap then needed. Mainly it was affecting multi window applications. Not expecting any user visible change of behaviour after the fix.
+- Fix regression of Window platform extensions for macOS where `NSFullSizeContentViewWindowMask` was not being correctly applied to `.fullsize_content_view`.
+- Corrected `get_position` on Windows to be relative to the screen rather than to the taskbar.
+- Corrected `Moved` event on Windows to use position values equivalent to those returned by `get_position`. It previously supplied client area positions instead of window positions, and would additionally interpret negative values as being very large (around `u16::MAX`).
+- Implemented `Moved` event on macOS.
+- On X11, the `Moved` event correctly use window positions rather than client area positions. Additionally, a stray `Moved` that unconditionally accompanied `Resized` with the client area position relative to the parent has been eliminated; `Moved` is still received alongside `Resized`, but now only once and always correctly.
+- On Windows, implemented all variants of `DeviceEvent` other than `Text`. Mouse `DeviceEvent`s are now received even if the window isn't in the foreground.
+- `DeviceId` on Windows is no longer a unit struct, and now contains a `u32`. For `WindowEvent`s, this will always be 0, but on `DeviceEvent`s it will be the handle to that device. `DeviceIdExt::get_persistent_identifier` can be used to acquire a unique identifier for that device that persists across replugs/reboots/etc.
+- Corrected `run_forever` on X11 to stop discarding `Awakened` events.
+- Various safety and correctness improvements to the X11 backend internals.
+- Fixed memory leak on X11 every time the mouse entered the window.
+- On X11, drag and drop now works reliably in release mode.
+- Added `WindowBuilderExt::with_resize_increments` and `WindowBuilderExt::with_base_size` to X11, allowing for more optional hints to be set.
+- Rework of the wayland backend, migrating it to use [Smithay's Client Toolkit](https://github.com/Smithay/client-toolkit).
+- Added `WindowBuilder::with_window_icon` and `Window::set_window_icon`, finally making it possible to set the window icon on Windows and X11. The `icon_loading` feature can be enabled to allow for icons to be easily loaded; see example program `window_icon.rs` for usage.
+- Windows additionally has `WindowBuilderExt::with_taskbar_icon` and `WindowExt::set_taskbar_icon`.
+- On Windows, fix panic when trying to call `set_fullscreen(None)` on a window that has not been fullscreened prior.
+
+# Version 0.13.1 (2018-04-26)
+
+- Ensure necessary `x11-dl` version is used.
+
+# Version 0.13.0 (2018-04-25)
+
+- Implement `WindowBuilder::with_maximized`, `Window::set_fullscreen`, `Window::set_maximized` and `Window::set_decorations` for MacOS.
+- Implement `WindowBuilder::with_maximized`, `Window::set_fullscreen`, `Window::set_maximized` and `Window::set_decorations` for Windows.
+- On Windows, `WindowBuilder::with_fullscreen` no longer changing monitor display resolution.
+- Overhauled X11 window geometry calculations. `get_position` and `set_position` are more universally accurate across different window managers, and `get_outer_size` actually works now.
+- Fixed SIGSEGV/SIGILL crashes on macOS caused by stabilization of the `!` (never) type.
+- Implement `WindowEvent::HiDPIFactorChanged` for macOS
+- On X11, input methods now work completely out of the box, no longer requiring application developers to manually call `setlocale`. Additionally, when input methods are started, stopped, or restarted on the server end, it's correctly handled.
+- Implemented `Refresh` event on Windows.
+- Properly calculate the minimum and maximum window size on Windows, including window decorations.
+- Map more `MouseCursor` variants to cursor icons on Windows.
+- Corrected `get_position` on macOS to return outer frame position, not content area position.
+- Corrected `set_position` on macOS to set outer frame position, not content area position.
+- Added `get_inner_position` method to `Window`, which gets the position of the window's client area. This is implemented on all applicable platforms (all desktop platforms other than Wayland, where this isn't possible).
+- **Breaking:** the `Closed` event has been replaced by `CloseRequested` and `Destroyed`. To migrate, you typically just need to replace all usages of `Closed` with `CloseRequested`; see example programs for more info. The exception is iOS, where `Closed` must be replaced by `Destroyed`.
+
+# Version 0.12.0 (2018-04-06)
+
+- Added subclass to macos windows so they can be made resizable even with no decorations.
+- Dead keys now work properly on X11, no longer resulting in a panic.
+- On X11, input method creation first tries to use the value from the user's `XMODIFIERS` environment variable, so application developers should no longer need to manually call `XSetLocaleModifiers`. If that fails, fallbacks are tried, which should prevent input method initialization from ever outright failing.
+- Fixed thread safety issues with input methods on X11.
+- Add support for `Touch` for win32 backend.
+- Fixed `Window::get_inner_size` and friends to return the size in pixels instead of points when using HIDPI displays on OSX.
+
+# Version 0.11.3 (2018-03-28)
+
+- Added `set_min_dimensions` and `set_max_dimensions` methods to `Window`, and implemented on Windows, X11, Wayland, and OSX.
+- On X11, dropping a `Window` actually closes it now, and clicking the window's × button (or otherwise having the WM signal to close it) will result in the window closing.
+- Added `WindowBuilderExt` methods for macos: `with_titlebar_transparent`,
+  `with_title_hidden`, `with_titlebar_buttons_hidden`,
+  `with_fullsize_content_view`.
+- Mapped X11 numpad keycodes (arrows, Home, End, PageUp, PageDown, Insert and Delete) to corresponding virtual keycodes
+
+# Version 0.11.2 (2018-03-06)
+
+- Impl `Hash`, `PartialEq`, and `Eq` for `events::ModifiersState`.
+- Implement `MonitorId::get_hidpi_factor` for MacOS.
+- Added method `os::macos::MonitorIdExt::get_nsscreen() -> *mut c_void` that gets a `NSScreen` object matching the monitor ID.
+- Send `Awakened` event on Android when event loop is woken up.
+
+# Version 0.11.1 (2018-02-19)
+
+- Fixed windows not receiving mouse events when click-dragging the mouse outside the client area of a window, on Windows platforms.
+- Added method `os::android::EventsLoopExt:set_suspend_callback(Option<Box<Fn(bool) -> ()>>)` that allows glutin to register a callback when a suspend event happens
+
+# Version 0.11.0 (2018-02-09)
+
+- Implement `MonitorId::get_dimensions` for Android.
+- Added method `os::macos::WindowBuilderExt::with_movable_by_window_background(bool)` that allows to move a window without a titlebar - `with_decorations(false)`
+- Implement `Window::set_fullscreen`, `Window::set_maximized` and `Window::set_decorations` for Wayland.
+- Added `Caret` as VirtualKeyCode and support OSX ^-Key with german input.
+
+# Version 0.10.1 (2018-02-05)
+
+_Yanked_
+
+# Version 0.10.0 (2017-12-27)
+
+- Add support for `Touch` for emscripten backend.
+- Added support for `DroppedFile`, `HoveredFile`, and `HoveredFileCancelled` to X11 backend.
+- **Breaking:** `unix::WindowExt` no longer returns pointers for things that aren't actually pointers; `get_xlib_window` now returns `Option<std::os::raw::c_ulong>` and `get_xlib_screen_id` returns `Option<std::os::raw::c_int>`. Additionally, methods that previously returned `libc::c_void` have been changed to return `std::os::raw::c_void`, which are not interchangeable types, so users wanting the former will need to explicitly cast.
+- Added `set_decorations` method to `Window` to allow decorations to be toggled after the window is built. Presently only implemented on X11.
+- Raised the minimum supported version of Rust to 1.20 on MacOS due to usage of associated constants in new versions of cocoa and core-graphics.
+- Added `modifiers` field to `MouseInput`, `MouseWheel`, and `CursorMoved` events to track the modifiers state (`ModifiersState`).
+- Fixed the emscripten backend to return the size of the canvas instead of the size of the window.
+
+# Version 0.9.0 (2017-12-01)
+
+- Added event `WindowEvent::HiDPIFactorChanged`.
+- Added method `MonitorId::get_hidpi_factor`.
+- Deprecated `get_inner_size_pixels` and `get_inner_size_points` methods of `Window` in favor of
+`get_inner_size`.
+- **Breaking:** `EventsLoop` is `!Send` and `!Sync` because of platform-dependant constraints,
+  but `Window`, `WindowId`, `DeviceId` and `MonitorId` guaranteed to be `Send`.
+- `MonitorId::get_position` now returns `(i32, i32)` instead of `(u32, u32)`.
+- Rewrite of the wayland backend to use wayland-client-0.11
+- Support for dead keys on wayland for keyboard utf8 input
+- Monitor enumeration on Windows is now implemented using `EnumDisplayMonitors` instead of
+`EnumDisplayDevices`. This changes the value returned by `MonitorId::get_name()`.
+- On Windows added `MonitorIdExt::hmonitor` method
+- Impl `Clone` for `EventsLoopProxy`
+- `EventsLoop::get_primary_monitor()` on X11 will fallback to any available monitor if no primary is found
+- Support for touch event on wayland
+- `WindowEvent`s `MouseMoved`, `MouseEntered`, and `MouseLeft` have been renamed to
+`CursorMoved`, `CursorEntered`, and `CursorLeft`.
+- New `DeviceEvent`s added, `MouseMotion` and `MouseWheel`.
+- Send `CursorMoved` event after `CursorEntered` and `Focused` events.
+- Add support for `ModifiersState`, `MouseMove`, `MouseInput`, `MouseMotion` for emscripten backend.
+
+# Version 0.8.3 (2017-10-11)
+
+- Fixed issue of calls to `set_inner_size` blocking on Windows.
+- Mapped `ISO_Left_Tab` to `VirtualKeyCode::Tab` to make the key work with modifiers
+- Fixed the X11 backed on 32bit targets
+
+# Version 0.8.2 (2017-09-28)
+
+- Uniformize keyboard scancode values accross Wayland and X11 (#297).
+- Internal rework of the wayland event loop
+- Added method `os::linux::WindowExt::is_ready`
+
+# Version 0.8.1 (2017-09-22)
+
+- Added various methods to `os::linux::EventsLoopExt`, plus some hidden items necessary to make
+  glutin work.
+
+# Version 0.8.0 (2017-09-21)
+
+- Added `Window::set_maximized`, `WindowAttributes::maximized` and `WindowBuilder::with_maximized`.
+- Added `Window::set_fullscreen`.
+- Changed `with_fullscreen` to take a `Option<MonitorId>` instead of a `MonitorId`.
+- Removed `MonitorId::get_native_identifer()` in favor of platform-specific traits in the `os`
+  module.
+- Changed `get_available_monitors()` and `get_primary_monitor()` to be methods of `EventsLoop`
+  instead of stand-alone methods.
+- Changed `EventsLoop` to be tied to a specific X11 or Wayland connection.
+- Added a `os::linux::EventsLoopExt` trait that makes it possible to configure the connection.
+- Fixed the emscripten code, which now compiles.
+- Changed the X11 fullscreen code to use `xrandr` instead of `xxf86vm`.
+- Fixed the Wayland backend to produce `Refresh` event after window creation.
+- Changed the `Suspended` event to be outside of `WindowEvent`.
+- Fixed the X11 backend sometimes reporting the wrong virtual key (#273).

CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md

@@ -1,6 +0,0 @@
-# Code of Conduct
-
-The `rust-windowing` project adheres to the [Rust Code of Conduct]. This
-describes the minimum behavior expected from all contributors.
-
-[Rust Code of Conduct]: https://www.rust-lang.org/policies/code-of-conduct

CONTRIBUTING.md

@@ -1,162 +1,72 @@
-# Contribution Guidelines
+# Winit Contributing Guidelines
 
-This document contains guidelines for contributing code to winit. It has to be
-followed in order for your patch to be approved and applied.
+## Scope
+[See `FEATURES.md`](./FEATURES.md). When requesting or implementing a new Winit feature, you should
+consider whether or not it's directly related to window creation or input handling. If it isn't, it
+may be worth creating a separate crate that extends Winit's API to add that functionality.
 
-## Contributing
 
-Anyone can contribute to winit, however given that it's a cross platform
-windowing toolkit getting certain changes incorporated could be challenging.
+## Reporting an issue
 
-To save your time it's wise to check already opened [pull requests][prs] and
-[issues][issues]. In general, bug fixes and missing implementations are always
-accepted, however larger new API proposals should go into the issue first. When
-in doubt contact us on [Matrix][matrix] or via opening an issue.
+When reporting an issue, in order to help the maintainers understand what the problem is, please make
+your description of the issue as detailed as possible:
 
-### Windows
+- if it is a bug, please provide clear explanation of what happens, what should happen, and how to
+  reproduce the issue, ideally by providing a minimal program exhibiting the problem
+- if it is a feature request, please provide a clear argumentation about why you believe this feature
+  should be supported by winit
 
-To run the examples on Windows, you must have symlinks enabled, see
-[this][git-windows-symlinks].
+## Making a pull request
 
-[git-windows-symlinks]: https://gitforwindows.org/symbolic-links.html
+When making a code contribution to winit, before opening your pull request, please make sure that:
 
-### Submitting your work and handling review
+- your patch builds with Winit's minimal supported rust version - Rust 1.60.
+- you tested your modifications on all the platforms impacted, or if not possible detail which platforms
+  were not tested, and what should be tested, so that a maintainer or another contributor can test them
+- you updated any relevant documentation in winit
+- you left comments in your code explaining any part that is not straightforward, so that the
+  maintainers and future contributors don't have to try to guess what your code is supposed to do
+- your PR adds an entry to the changelog file if the introduced change is relevant to winit users.
 
-All patches have to be sent on Github as [pull requests][prs]. To simplify your
-life during review it's recommended to check the "give contributors write access
-to the branch" checkbox.
+  You needn't worry about the added entry causing conflicts, the maintainer that merges the PR will
+  handle those for you when merging (see below).
+- if your PR affects the platform compatibility of one or more features or adds another feature, the
+  relevant sections in [`FEATURES.md`](https://github.com/rust-windowing/winit/blob/master/FEATURES.md#features)
+  should be updated.
 
-We use unstable Rustfmt options across the project, so please run
-`cargo +nightly fmt` before submitting your work. If you are unable to do so,
-the maintainers can do it for you before merging, just state so in your pull
-request description. For details on how to use nightly, consult [the
-documentation][toolchains].
+Once your PR is open, you can ask for review by a maintainer of your platform. Winit's merging policy
+is that a PR must be approved by at least two maintainers of winit before being merged, including
+at least a maintainer of the platform (a maintainer making a PR themselves counts as approving it).
 
-When editing markdown files (`.md`) they must be wrapped at 80 characters.
+Once your PR is deemed ready, the merging maintainer will take care of resolving conflicts in
+`CHANGELOG.md` (but you must resolve other conflicts yourself). Doing this requires that you check the
+"give contributors write access to the branch" checkbox when creating the PR.
 
-[toolchains]: https://rust-lang.github.io/rustup/concepts/toolchains.html
+## Maintainers & Testers
 
-#### Handling review
+The current maintainers are listed in the [CODEOWNERS](.github/CODEOWNERS) file.
 
-During the review process certain events could require an action from your side,
-common patterns and reactions are described below.
+If you are interested in being pinged when testing is needed for a certain platform, please add yourself to the [Testers and Contributors](https://github.com/rust-windowing/winit/wiki/Testers-and-Contributors) table!
 
-_Event:_ The CI fails to build, but it looks like it is not your fault. Not
-communicating so could result in maintainers not looking into your patch,
-since they may assume that you're still working on it.\
-_Desired behaviour:_ Write a message saying roughly the following "The CI
-failure is unrelated", so that the maintainers will fix it for you.
+## Release process
 
-_Event:_ Maintainer requested changes to your PR.\
-_Desired behavior:_ Once you address the request, you should re-request a review
-with GitHub's UI. If you don't agree with what maintainer suggested, you
-should state your objections and re-request the review. That will indicate that
-the ball is on maintainer's side.
-
-_Event:_ You've opened a PR, but maintainer shortly after commented that they
-want to work on that themselves.\
-_Desired behavior:_ Discuss with the maintainer regarding their plans if they
-were not outlined in the initial response, because such response means that they
-are not interested in reviewing your code. Such thing could happen when
-underestimating complexity of the task you're solving or when your patch
-mandate certain downstream designs. In general, the maintainer will likely
-close your PR in order to prevent work being done on it.
-
-[prs]: https://github.com/rust-windowing/winit/pulls
-[issues]: https://github.com/rust-windowing/winit/issues
-[matrix]: https://matrix.to/#/#rust-windowing:matrix.org
-
-## Maintainers
-
-Winit has plenty of maintainers with different backgrounds, different time
-available to work on Winit, and reasons to be winit maintainer in the first
-place. To ensure that Winit's code quality does not decrease over time and to
-make it easier to teach new maintainers the "winit way of doing things" the
-common policies and routines are defined in this section.
-
-The current maintainers for each platform are listed in [this file][CODEOWNERS].
-
-### Contributions handling
-
-The maintainers must ensure that the external contributions meet Winit's
-quality standards. If it's not, it **is the maintainer's responsibility** to
-bring it on par, which includes:
-
-  - Ensure that formatting is consistent and `CHANGELOG` messages are clear
-    for the end users.
-  - Improve the commit message, so it'll be easier for other maintainers to
-    understand the motivation without going through all the discussions on the
-    particular patch/PR.
-  - Ensure that the proposed patch doesn't break platform parity. If the
-    breakage is desired by contributor, an issue should be opened to discuss
-    with other maintainers before merging.
-  - Always fix CI issues before merging if they don't originate from the
-    submitted work.
-
-However, maintainers should give some leeway for external contributors, so they
-don't feel discouraged contributing, for example:
-
-  - Suggest a patch to resolve style issues, if it's the only issue with the
-    submitted work. Keep in mind that pushing the resolution yourself is not
-    desired, because the contributor might not agree with what you did.
-  - Be more explicit on how things should be done if you don't like the
-    approach.
-  - Suggest to finish the PR for them if they're absent for a while and you need
-    the proposed changes to move forward with something. In such cases the
-    maintainer must preserve attribution with `Co-authored-by`, `Suggested-by`,
-    or keep the original committer.
-  - Rebase their work for them when massive changes to the Winit codebase were
-    introduced.
-
-When reviewing code of other maintainers all of the above is on the maintainer
-who submitted the patch. Interested maintainers could help push the work over
-the finish line, but teaching other maintainers should be preferred.
-
-For a _regular_ contributor to winit, the maintainer should slowly start
-requiring contributor to match *maintainer* quality standards when writing
-patches and commit messages.
-
-### Contributing
-
-When submitting a patch, the maintainer should follow the general contributing
-guidelines, however greater attention to detail is expected in this case.
-
-To make life simpler for other maintainers it's suggested to create your branch
-under the project repository instead of your own fork. The naming scheme is
-`github_user_name/branch_name`. Doing so will make your work easier to rebase
-for other maintainers when you're absent.
-
-### Administrative Actions
-
-Some things (such as changing required CI steps, adding contributors, ...)
-require administrative permissions. If you don't have those, ask about the
-change in an issue. If you have the permissions, discuss it with at least one
-other admin before making the change.
-
-### Release process
-
-Given that winit is a widely used library, we should be able to make a patch
+Given that winit is a widely used library we should be able to make a patch
 releases at any time we want without blocking the development of new features.
 
 To achieve these goals, a new branch is created for every new release. Releases
 and later patch releases are committed and tagged in this branch.
 
 The exact steps for an exemplary `0.2.0` release might look like this:
-  1. Initially, the version on the latest master is `0.1.0`
+  1. Initially the version on the latest master is `0.1.0`
   2. A new `v0.2.x` branch is created for the release
-  3. Update released `cfg_attr` in `src/changelog/mod.rs` to `v0.2.md`
-  4. Move entries from `src/changelog/unreleased.md` into
-     `src/changelog/v0.2.md`
-  5. In the branch, the version is bumped to `v0.2.0`
-  6. The new commit in the branch is tagged `v0.2.0`
-  7. The version is pushed to crates.io
-  8. A GitHub release is created for the `v0.2.0` tag
-  9. On master, the version is bumped to `0.2.0`, and the changelog is updated
-
-When doing a patch release, the process is similar:
-  1. Initially, the version of the latest release is `0.2.0`
+  3. In the branch, the version is bumped to `v0.2.0`
+  4. The new commit in the branch is tagged `v0.2.0`
+  5. The version is pushed to crates.io
+  6. A GitHub release is created for the `v0.2.0` tag
+  7. On master, the version is bumped to `0.2.0` and the CHANGELOG is updated
+  
+When doing a patch release the process is similar:
+  1. Initially the version of the latest release is `0.2.0`
   2. Checkout the `v0.2.x` branch
   3. Cherry-pick the required non-breaking changes into the `v0.2.x`
-  4. Follow steps 4-9 of the regular release example
-
-[CODEOWNERS]: .github/CODEOWNERS
+  4. Follow steps 3-7 of the regular release example

Cargo.toml

@@ -1,104 +1,161 @@
-[workspace]
-default-members = ["winit"]
-members = ["dpi", "winit*"]
-resolver = "2"
-
-[workspace.package]
+[package]
+name = "winit"
+version = "0.28.4"
+authors = ["The winit contributors", "Pierre Krieger <pierre.krieger1708@gmail.com>"]
+description = "Cross-platform window creation library."
 edition = "2021"
+keywords = ["windowing"]
 license = "Apache-2.0"
+readme = "README.md"
 repository = "https://github.com/rust-windowing/winit"
-rust-version = "1.80"
-version = "0.30.12"
+documentation = "https://docs.rs/winit"
+categories = ["gui"]
+rust-version = "1.60.0"
 
-[workspace.dependencies]
-# Workspace dependencies.
-# `winit` has no version here to allow using it in dev deps for docs.
-winit = { path = "winit" }
-winit-android = { version = "0.30.12", path = "winit-android" }
-winit-appkit = { version = "0.30.12", path = "winit-appkit" }
-winit-common = { version = "0.30.12", path = "winit-common" }
-winit-core = { version = "0.30.12", path = "winit-core" }
-winit-orbital = { version = "0.30.12", path = "winit-orbital" }
-winit-uikit = { version = "0.30.12", path = "winit-uikit" }
-winit-wayland = { version = "0.30.12", path = "winit-wayland", default-features = false }
-winit-web = { version = "0.30.12", path = "winit-web" }
-winit-win32 = { version = "0.30.12", path = "winit-win32" }
-winit-x11 = { version = "0.30.12", path = "winit-x11" }
+[package.metadata.docs.rs]
+features = ["serde"]
+default-target = "x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu"
+# These are all tested in CI
+targets = [
+    # Windows
+    "i686-pc-windows-msvc",
+    "x86_64-pc-windows-msvc",
+    # macOS
+    "x86_64-apple-darwin",
+    # Unix (X11 & Wayland)
+    "i686-unknown-linux-gnu",
+    "x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu",
+    # iOS
+    "x86_64-apple-ios",
+    # Android
+    "aarch64-linux-android",
+    # WebAssembly
+    "wasm32-unknown-unknown",
+]
+rustdoc-args = ["--cfg", "docsrs"]
 
-# Core dependencies.
-bitflags = "2"
-cfg_aliases = "0.2.1"
-cursor-icon = "1.1.0"
-dpi = { version = "0.1.2", path = "dpi" }
-keyboard-types = "0.8.0"
-mint = "0.5.6"
-rwh_06 = { package = "raw-window-handle", version = "0.6", features = ["std"] }
-serde = { version = "1", features = ["serde_derive"] }
-smol_str = "0.3"
-tracing = { version = "0.1.40", default-features = false }
+[features]
+default = ["x11", "wayland", "wayland-dlopen", "wayland-csd-adwaita"]
+x11 = ["x11-dl", "mio", "percent-encoding"]
+wayland = ["wayland-client", "wayland-protocols", "sctk", "wayland-commons"]
+wayland-dlopen = ["sctk/dlopen", "wayland-client/dlopen"]
+wayland-csd-adwaita = ["sctk-adwaita", "sctk-adwaita/ab_glyph"]
+wayland-csd-adwaita-crossfont = ["sctk-adwaita", "sctk-adwaita/crossfont"]
+wayland-csd-adwaita-notitle = ["sctk-adwaita"]
+android-native-activity = [ "android-activity/native-activity" ]
+android-game-activity = [ "android-activity/game-activity" ]
 
-# Dev dependencies.
-image = { version = "0.25.0", default-features = false }
-softbuffer = { version = "0.4.6", default-features = false, features = [
-    "x11",
-    "x11-dlopen",
-    "wayland",
-    "wayland-dlopen",
-] }
-tracing-subscriber = "0.3.18"
+[build-dependencies]
+cfg_aliases = "0.1.1"
 
-# Android dependencies.
-android-activity = "0.6.0"
-ndk = { version = "0.9.0", features = ["rwh_06"], default-features = false }
+[dependencies]
+bitflags = "1"
+instant = { version = "0.1", features = ["wasm-bindgen"] }
+log = "0.4"
+mint = { version = "0.5.6", optional = true }
+once_cell = "1.12"
+raw_window_handle = { package = "raw-window-handle", version = "0.5" }
+serde = { version = "1", optional = true, features = ["serde_derive"] }
 
-# Apple dependencies.
-block2 = "0.6.1"
-dispatch2 = { version = "0.3.0", default-features = false, features = ["std", "objc2"] }
-objc2 = { version = "0.6.1", features = ["relax-sign-encoding"] }
-objc2-app-kit = { version = "0.3.1", default-features = false }
-objc2-core-foundation = { version = "0.3.1", default-features = false }
-objc2-core-graphics = { version = "0.3.1", default-features = false }
-objc2-core-video = { version = "0.3.1", default-features = false }
-objc2-foundation = { version = "0.3.1", default-features = false }
-objc2-ui-kit = { version = "0.3.1", default-features = false }
+[dev-dependencies]
+image = { version = "0.24.0", default-features = false, features = ["png"] }
+simple_logger = { version = "2.1.0", default_features = false }
 
-# Windows dependencies.
-unicode-segmentation = "1.7.1"
-windows-sys = "0.59.0"
+[target.'cfg(target_os = "android")'.dependencies]
+# Coordinate the next winit release with android-ndk-rs: https://github.com/rust-windowing/winit/issues/1995
+android-activity = "0.4.0"
+ndk = "0.7.0"
 
-# Linux dependencies.
-ahash = { version = "0.8.7", features = ["no-rng"] }
-bytemuck = { version = "1.13.1", default-features = false }
-calloop = "0.13.0"
+[target.'cfg(any(target_os = "ios", target_os = "macos"))'.dependencies]
+core-foundation = "0.9.3"
+objc2 = ">=0.3.0-beta.3, <0.3.0-beta.4" # Allow `0.3.0-beta.3.patch-leaks`
+
+[target.'cfg(target_os = "macos")'.dependencies]
+core-graphics = "0.22.3"
+dispatch = "0.2.0"
+
+[target.'cfg(target_os = "windows")'.dependencies.windows-sys]
+version = "0.45"
+features = [
+    "Win32_Devices_HumanInterfaceDevice",
+    "Win32_Foundation",
+    "Win32_Globalization",
+    "Win32_Graphics_Dwm",
+    "Win32_Graphics_Gdi",
+    "Win32_Media",
+    "Win32_System_Com_StructuredStorage",
+    "Win32_System_Com",
+    "Win32_System_LibraryLoader",
+    "Win32_System_Ole",
+    "Win32_System_SystemInformation",
+    "Win32_System_SystemServices",
+    "Win32_System_Threading",
+    "Win32_System_WindowsProgramming",
+    "Win32_UI_Accessibility",
+    "Win32_UI_Controls",
+    "Win32_UI_HiDpi",
+    "Win32_UI_Input_Ime",
+    "Win32_UI_Input_KeyboardAndMouse",
+    "Win32_UI_Input_Pointer",
+    "Win32_UI_Input_Touch",
+    "Win32_UI_Shell",
+    "Win32_UI_TextServices",
+    "Win32_UI_WindowsAndMessaging",
+]
+
+[target.'cfg(all(unix, not(any(target_os = "redox", target_arch = "wasm32", target_os = "android", target_os = "ios", target_os = "macos"))))'.dependencies]
 libc = "0.2.64"
-memmap2 = "0.9.0"
-percent-encoding = "2.0"
-rustix = { version = "1.0.7", default-features = false }
-sctk = { package = "smithay-client-toolkit", version = "0.19.2", default-features = false, features = [
-    "calloop",
-] }
-sctk-adwaita = { version = "0.10.1", default-features = false }
-wayland-backend = { version = "0.3.10", default-features = false, features = ["client_system"] }
-wayland-client = "0.31.10"
-wayland-protocols = { version = "0.32.8", features = ["staging"] }
-wayland-protocols-plasma = { version = "0.3.8", features = ["client"] }
-x11-dl = "2.19.1"
-x11rb = { version = "0.13.0", default-features = false }
-xkbcommon-dl = "0.4.2"
+mio = { version = "0.8", features = ["os-ext"], optional = true }
+percent-encoding = { version = "2.0", optional = true }
+sctk = { package = "smithay-client-toolkit", version = "0.16.0", default_features = false, features = ["calloop"],  optional = true }
+sctk-adwaita = { version = "0.5.1", default_features = false, optional = true }
+wayland-client = { version = "0.29.5", default_features = false,  features = ["use_system_lib"], optional = true }
+wayland-protocols = { version = "0.29.5", features = [ "staging_protocols"], optional = true }
+wayland-commons = { version = "0.29.5", optional = true }
+x11-dl = { version = "2.18.5", optional = true }
 
-# Orbital dependencies.
-orbclient = { version = "0.3.47", default-features = false }
-redox_syscall = "0.5.7"
+[target.'cfg(target_os = "redox")'.dependencies]
+orbclient = { version = "0.3.42", default-features = false }
+redox_syscall = "0.3"
 
-# Web dependencies.
-atomic-waker = "1"
-concurrent-queue = { version = "2", default-features = false }
-console_error_panic_hook = "0.1"
-js-sys = "0.3.70"
-pin-project = "1"
-tracing-web = "0.1"
-wasm-bindgen = "0.2.93"
-wasm-bindgen-futures = "0.4.43"
-wasm-bindgen-test = "0.3"
-web-time = "1"
-web_sys = { package = "web-sys", version = "0.3.70" }
+[target.'cfg(any(target_os = "linux", target_os = "dragonfly", target_os = "freebsd", target_os = "openbsd", target_os = "netbsd"))'.build-dependencies]
+wayland-scanner = "0.29.5"
+
+[target.'cfg(target_arch = "wasm32")'.dependencies.web_sys]
+package = "web-sys"
+version = "0.3.22"
+features = [
+    'console',
+    "AddEventListenerOptions",
+    'CssStyleDeclaration',
+    'BeforeUnloadEvent',
+    'Document',
+    'DomRect',
+    'Element',
+    'Event',
+    "EventListenerOptions",
+    'EventTarget',
+    'FocusEvent',
+    'HtmlCanvasElement',
+    'HtmlElement',
+    'KeyboardEvent',
+    'MediaQueryList',
+    'MediaQueryListEvent',
+    'MouseEvent',
+    'Node',
+    'PointerEvent',
+    'Window',
+    'WheelEvent'
+]
+
+[target.'cfg(target_arch = "wasm32")'.dependencies.wasm-bindgen]
+version = "0.2.45"
+
+[target.'cfg(target_arch = "wasm32")'.dev-dependencies]
+console_log = "0.2"
+web-sys = { version = "0.3.22", features = ['CanvasRenderingContext2d'] }
+
+[workspace]
+members = [
+    "run-wasm",
+]

FEATURES.md

@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 # Winit Scope
 
-Winit aims to expose an interface that abstracts over window creation and input handling and can
+Winit aims to expose an interface that abstracts over window creation and input handling, and can
 be used to create both games and applications. It supports the following main graphical platforms:
 - Desktop
-  - Windows
-  - macOS
+  - Windows 7+ (10+ is tested regularly)
+  - macOS 10.7+ (10.14+ is tested regularly)
   - Unix
     - via X11
     - via Wayland
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ be used to create both games and applications. It supports the following main gr
   - iOS
   - Android
 - Web
+  - via WASM
 
 Most platforms expose capabilities that cannot be meaningfully transposed onto others. Winit does not
 aim to support every single feature of every platform, but rather to abstract over the common features
@@ -42,8 +43,205 @@ be released and the library will enter maintenance mode. For the most part, new
 be added past this point. New platform features may be accepted and exposed through point releases.
 
 ### Tier upgrades
-Some platform features could, in theory, be exposed across multiple platforms, but have not gone
+Some platform features could in theory be exposed across multiple platforms, but have not gone
 through the implementation work necessary to function on all platforms. When one of these features
 gets implemented across all platforms, a PR can be opened to upgrade the feature to a core feature.
-If that gets accepted, the platform-specific functions get deprecated and become permanently
+If that gets accepted, the platform-specific functions gets deprecated and become permanently
 exposed through the core, cross-platform API.
+
+# Features
+
+## Extending this section
+
+If your PR makes notable changes to Winit's features, please update this section as follows:
+
+- If your PR adds a new feature, add a brief description to the relevant section. If the feature is a core
+  feature, add a row to the feature matrix and describe what platforms the feature has been implemented on.
+
+- If your PR begins a new API rework, add a row to the `Pending API Reworks` table. If the PR implements the
+  API rework on all relevant platforms, please move it to the `Completed API Reworks` table.
+
+- If your PR implements an already-existing feature on a new platform, either mark the feature as *completed*,
+  or mark it as *mostly completed* and link to an issue describing the problems with the implementation.
+
+## Core
+
+### Windowing
+- **Window initialization**: Winit allows the creation of a window
+- **Providing pointer to init OpenGL**: Winit provides the necessary pointers to initialize a working opengl context
+- **Providing pointer to init Vulkan**: Same as OpenGL but for Vulkan
+- **Window decorations**: The windows created by winit are properly decorated, and the decorations can
+  be deactivated
+- **Window decorations toggle**: Decorations can be turned on or off after window creation
+- **Window resizing**: The windows created by winit can be resized and generate the appropriate events
+  when they are. The application can precisely control its window size if desired.
+- **Window resize increments**: When the window gets resized, the application can choose to snap the window's
+  size to specific values.
+- **Window transparency**: Winit allows the creation of windows with a transparent background.
+- **Window maximization**: The windows created by winit can be maximized upon creation.
+- **Window maximization toggle**: The windows created by winit can be maximized and unmaximized after
+  creation.
+- **Window minimization**: The windows created by winit can be minimized after creation.
+- **Fullscreen**: The windows created by winit can be put into fullscreen mode.
+- **Fullscreen toggle**: The windows created by winit can be switched to and from fullscreen after
+  creation.
+- **Exclusive fullscreen**: Winit allows changing the video mode of the monitor
+  for fullscreen windows, and if applicable, captures the monitor for exclusive
+  use by this application.
+- **HiDPI support**: Winit assists developers in appropriately scaling HiDPI content.
+- **Popup / modal windows**: Windows can be created relative to the client area of other windows, and parent
+  windows can be disabled in favor of popup windows. This feature also guarantees that popup windows
+  get drawn above their owner.
+
+
+### System Information
+- **Monitor list**: Retrieve the list of monitors and their metadata, including which one is primary.
+- **Video mode query**: Monitors can be queried for their supported fullscreen video modes (consisting of resolution, refresh rate, and bit depth).
+
+### Input Handling
+- **Mouse events**: Generating mouse events associated with pointer motion, click, and scrolling events.
+- **Mouse set location**: Forcibly changing the location of the pointer.
+- **Cursor locking**: Locking the cursor inside the window so it cannot move.
+- **Cursor confining**: Confining the cursor to the window bounds so it cannot leave them.
+- **Cursor icon**: Changing the cursor icon, or hiding the cursor.
+- **Cursor hittest**: Handle or ignore mouse events for a window.
+- **Touch events**: Single-touch events.
+- **Touch pressure**: Touch events contain information about the amount of force being applied.
+- **Multitouch**: Multi-touch events, including cancellation of a gesture.
+- **Keyboard events**: Properly processing keyboard events using the user-specified keymap and
+  translating keypresses into UTF-8 characters, handling dead keys and IMEs.
+- **Drag & Drop**: Dragging content into winit, detecting when content enters, drops, or if the drop is cancelled.
+- **Raw Device Events**: Capturing input from input devices without any OS filtering.
+- **Gamepad/Joystick events**: Capturing input from gamepads and joysticks.
+- **Device movement events**: Capturing input from the device gyroscope and accelerometer.
+
+## Platform
+### Windows
+* Setting the taskbar icon
+* Setting the parent window
+* Setting a menu bar
+* `WS_EX_NOREDIRECTIONBITMAP` support
+* Theme the title bar according to Windows 10 Dark Mode setting or set a preferred theme
+
+### macOS
+* Window activation policy
+* Window movable by background
+* Transparent titlebar
+* Hidden titlebar
+* Hidden titlebar buttons
+* Full-size content view
+* Accepts first mouse
+* Set a preferred theme and get current theme.
+
+### Unix
+* Window urgency
+* X11 Window Class
+* X11 Override Redirect Flag
+* GTK Theme Variant
+* Base window size
+* Setting the X11 parent window
+
+### iOS
+* `winit` has a minimum OS requirement of iOS 8
+* Get the `UIWindow` object pointer
+* Get the `UIViewController` object pointer
+* Get the `UIView` object pointer
+* Get the `UIScreen` object pointer
+* Setting the `UIView` hidpi factor
+* Valid orientations
+* Home indicator visibility
+* Status bar visibility
+* Deferrring system gestures
+* Getting the device idiom
+* Getting the preferred video mode
+
+### Web
+* Get if systems preferred color scheme is "dark"
+
+## Usability
+* `serde`: Enables serialization/deserialization of certain types with Serde. (Maintainer: @Osspial)
+
+## Compatibility Matrix
+
+Legend:
+
+- ✔️: Works as intended
+- ▢: Mostly works but some bugs are known
+- ❌: Missing feature or large bugs making it unusable
+- **N/A**: Not applicable for this platform
+- ❓: Unknown status
+
+### Windowing
+|Feature                          |Windows|MacOS   |Linux x11   |Linux Wayland  |Android|iOS    |WASM      |Redox OS|
+|-------------------------------- | ----- | ----   | -------    | -----------   | ----- | ----- | -------- | ------ |
+|Window initialization            |✔️     |✔️     |▢[#5]      |✔️             |▢[#33]|▢[#33] |✔️        |✔️      |
+|Providing pointer to init OpenGL |✔️     |✔️     |✔️         |✔️             |✔️     |✔️    |**N/A**|✔️      |
+|Providing pointer to init Vulkan |✔️     |✔️     |✔️         |✔️             |✔️     |❓     |**N/A**|**N/A** |
+|Window decorations               |✔️     |✔️     |✔️         |✔️             |**N/A**|**N/A**|**N/A**|✔️      |
+|Window decorations toggle        |✔️     |✔️     |✔️         |✔️             |**N/A**|**N/A**|**N/A**|**N/A** |
+|Window resizing                  |✔️     |✔️     |✔️         |✔️        |**N/A**|**N/A**|✔️        |✔️      |
+|Window resize increments         |❌     |✔️     |✔️         |❌             |**N/A**|**N/A**|**N/A**|**N/A** |
+|Window transparency              |✔️     |✔️     |✔️         |✔️             |**N/A**|**N/A**|N/A        |✔️      |
+|Window maximization              |✔️     |✔️     |✔️         |✔️             |**N/A**|**N/A**|**N/A**|**N/A** |
+|Window maximization toggle       |✔️     |✔️     |✔️         |✔️             |**N/A**|**N/A**|**N/A**|**N/A** |
+|Window minimization              |✔️     |✔️     |✔️         |✔️             |**N/A**|**N/A**|**N/A**|**N/A** |
+|Fullscreen                       |✔️     |✔️     |✔️         |✔️             |**N/A**|✔️     |✔️        |**N/A** |
+|Fullscreen toggle                |✔️     |✔️     |✔️         |✔️             |**N/A**|✔️     |✔️        |**N/A** |
+|Exclusive fullscreen             |✔️     |✔️     |✔️         |**N/A**         |❌    |✔️     |**N/A**|**N/A** |
+|HiDPI support                    |✔️     |✔️     |✔️         |✔️             |✔️     |✔️    |✔️    |❌      |
+|Popup windows                    |❌     |❌     |❌         |❌             |❌    |❌     |**N/A**|**N/A** |
+
+### System information
+|Feature          |Windows|MacOS |Linux x11|Linux Wayland|Android|iOS      |WASM      |Redox OS|
+|---------------- | ----- | ---- | ------- | ----------- | ----- | ------- | -------- | ------ |
+|Monitor list     |✔️    |✔️    |✔️       |✔️          |✔️     |✔️      |**N/A**|❌      |
+|Video mode query |✔️    |✔️    |✔️       |✔️          |✔️     |✔️      |**N/A**|❌      |
+
+### Input handling
+|Feature                 |Windows   |MacOS   |Linux x11|Linux Wayland|Android|iOS    |WASM      |Redox OS|
+|----------------------- | -----    | ----   | ------- | ----------- | ----- | ----- | -------- | ------ |
+|Mouse events            |✔️       |▢[#63]  |✔️       |✔️          |**N/A**|**N/A**|✔️        |✔️      |
+|Mouse set location      |✔️       |✔️      |✔️       |✔️(when locked)  |**N/A**|**N/A**|**N/A**|**N/A** |
+|Cursor locking          |❌       |✔️      |❌       |✔️          |**N/A**|**N/A**|✔️        |❌      |
+|Cursor confining        |✔️       |❌      |✔️       |✔️          |**N/A**|**N/A**|❌       |❌      |
+|Cursor icon             |✔️       |✔️      |✔️       |✔️          |**N/A**|**N/A**|✔️        |**N/A** |
+|Cursor hittest          |✔️       |✔️      |❌       |✔️          |**N/A**|**N/A**|❌        |❌      |
+|Touch events            |✔️       |❌      |✔️       |✔️          |✔️    |✔️     |✔️        |**N/A** |
+|Touch pressure          |✔️       |❌      |❌       |❌          |❌    |✔️     |✔️        |**N/A** |
+|Multitouch              |✔️       |❌      |✔️       |✔️          |✔️    |✔️     |❌        |**N/A** |
+|Keyboard events         |✔️       |✔️      |✔️       |✔️          |✔️    |❌     |✔️        |✔️      |
+|Drag & Drop             |▢[#720]  |▢[#720] |▢[#720]  |▢[#720]   |**N/A**|**N/A**|❓        |**N/A** |
+|Raw Device Events       |▢[#750]  |▢[#750] |▢[#750]  |❌          |❌    |❌     |❓        |**N/A** |
+|Gamepad/Joystick events |❌[#804] |❌      |❌       |❌          |❌    |❌     |❓        |**N/A** |
+|Device movement events  |❓        |❓       |❓       |❓           |❌    |❌     |❓        |**N/A** |
+|Drag window with cursor |✔️       |✔️      |✔️       |✔️          |**N/A**|**N/A**|**N/A**   |**N/A** |
+|Resize with cursor      |❌         |❌       |✔️       |❌       |**N/A**|**N/A**|**N/A**   |**N/A** |
+
+### Pending API Reworks
+Changes in the API that have been agreed upon but aren't implemented across all platforms.
+
+|Feature                             |Windows|MacOS |Linux x11|Linux Wayland|Android|iOS    |WASM      |Redox OS|
+|------------------------------      | ----- | ---- | ------- | ----------- | ----- | ----- | -------- | ------ |
+|New API for HiDPI ([#315] [#319])   |✔️    |✔️    |✔️       |✔️          |✔️     |✔️    |❓        |❓      |
+|Event Loop 2.0 ([#459])             |✔️    |✔️    |✔️       |✔️          |✔️     |✔️    |❓        |❓      |
+|Keyboard Input ([#812])             |❌    |❌    |❌       |❌          |❌     |❌    |❓        |❓      |
+
+### Completed API Reworks
+|Feature                             |Windows|MacOS |Linux x11|Linux Wayland|Android|iOS    |WASM      |Redox OS|
+|------------------------------      | ----- | ---- | ------- | ----------- | ----- | ----- | -------- | ------ |
+
+[#165]: https://github.com/rust-windowing/winit/issues/165
+[#219]: https://github.com/rust-windowing/winit/issues/219
+[#242]: https://github.com/rust-windowing/winit/issues/242
+[#306]: https://github.com/rust-windowing/winit/issues/306
+[#315]: https://github.com/rust-windowing/winit/issues/315
+[#319]: https://github.com/rust-windowing/winit/issues/319
+[#33]: https://github.com/rust-windowing/winit/issues/33
+[#459]: https://github.com/rust-windowing/winit/issues/459
+[#5]: https://github.com/rust-windowing/winit/issues/5
+[#63]: https://github.com/rust-windowing/winit/issues/63
+[#720]: https://github.com/rust-windowing/winit/issues/720
+[#721]: https://github.com/rust-windowing/winit/issues/721
+[#750]: https://github.com/rust-windowing/winit/issues/750
+[#804]: https://github.com/rust-windowing/winit/issues/804
+[#812]: https://github.com/rust-windowing/winit/issues/812

HALL_OF_CHAMPIONS.md

@@ -2,20 +2,21 @@
 
 The winit maintainers would like to recognize the following former winit
 contributors, without whom winit would not exist in its current form. We thank
-them deeply for their time and efforts and wish them the best of luck in their
+them deeply for their time and efforts, and wish them best of luck in their
 future endeavors:
 
 * [@tomaka]: For creating the winit project and guiding it through its early
   years of existence.
-* [@vberger]: For diligently creating the Wayland backend and being its
+* [@vberger]: For diligently creating the Wayland backend, and being its
   extremely helpful and benevolent maintainer for years.
 * [@francesca64]: For taking over the responsibility of maintaining almost every
-  winit backend and standardizing HiDPI support across all of them.
-* [@Osspial]: For heroically landing EventLoop 2.0 and valiantly ushering in a
+  winit backend, and standardizing HiDPI support across all of them.
+* [@Osspial]: For heroically landing EventLoop 2.0, and valiantly ushering in a
   vastly more sustainable era of winit.
-* [@goddessfreya]: For selflessly taking over maintainership of glutin and her
+* [@goddessfreya]: For selflessly taking over maintainership of glutin, and her
   stellar dedication to improving both winit and glutin.
-* [@ArturKovacs]: For consistently maintaining the macOS backend and for his immense involvement in designing and implementing the new keyboard API.
+* [@ArturKovacs]: For consistently maintaining the macOS backend, and his
+  immense involvement in designing and implementing the new keyboard API.
 
 [@tomaka]: https://github.com/tomaka
 [@vberger]: https://github.com/vberger

README.md

@@ -2,78 +2,215 @@
 
 [![Crates.io](https://img.shields.io/crates/v/winit.svg)](https://crates.io/crates/winit)
 [![Docs.rs](https://docs.rs/winit/badge.svg)](https://docs.rs/winit)
-[![UNSTABLE docs](https://img.shields.io/github/actions/workflow/status/rust-windowing/winit/docs.yml?branch=master&label=UNSTABLE%20docs
-)](https://rust-windowing.github.io/winit/winit/index.html)
 [![CI Status](https://github.com/rust-windowing/winit/workflows/CI/badge.svg)](https://github.com/rust-windowing/winit/actions)
 
 ```toml
 [dependencies]
-winit = "0.30.12"
+winit = "0.28.4"
 ```
 
 ## [Documentation](https://docs.rs/winit)
 
 For features _within_ the scope of winit, see [FEATURES.md](FEATURES.md).
 
-For features _outside_ the scope of winit, see [Are we GUI Yet?](https://areweguiyet.com/) and [Are we game yet?](https://arewegameyet.rs/), depending on what kind of project you're looking to do.
+For features _outside_ the scope of winit, see [Missing features provided by other crates](https://github.com/rust-windowing/winit/wiki/Missing-features-provided-by-other-crates) in the wiki.
 
 ## Contact Us
 
-Join us in our [![Matrix](https://img.shields.io/badge/Matrix-%23rust--windowing%3Amatrix.org-blueviolet.svg)](https://matrix.to/#/#rust-windowing:matrix.org) room.
+Join us in any of these:
 
-The maintainers have a meeting every friday at UTC 15. The meeting notes can be found [here](https://hackmd.io/@winit-meetings).
+[![Matrix](https://img.shields.io/badge/Matrix-%23rust--windowing%3Amatrix.org-blueviolet.svg)](https://matrix.to/#/#rust-windowing:matrix.org)
+[![Libera.Chat](https://img.shields.io/badge/libera.chat-%23winit-red.svg)](https://web.libera.chat/#winit)
 
 ## Usage
 
 Winit is a window creation and management library. It can create windows and lets you handle
 events (for example: the window being resized, a key being pressed, a mouse movement, etc.)
-produced by the window.
+produced by window.
 
 Winit is designed to be a low-level brick in a hierarchy of libraries. Consequently, in order to
 show something on the window you need to use the platform-specific getters provided by winit, or
 another library.
 
-## CONTRIBUTING
+```rust
+use winit::{
+    event::{Event, WindowEvent},
+    event_loop::{ControlFlow, EventLoop},
+    window::WindowBuilder,
+};
 
-For contributing guidelines see [CONTRIBUTING.md](./CONTRIBUTING.md).
+fn main() {
+    let event_loop = EventLoop::new();
+    let window = WindowBuilder::new().build(&event_loop).unwrap();
 
-## MSRV Policy
+    event_loop.run(move |event, _, control_flow| {
+        *control_flow = ControlFlow::Wait;
 
-This crate's Minimum Supported Rust Version (MSRV) is **1.80**. Changes to
-the MSRV will be accompanied by a minor version bump.
-
-As a **tentative** policy, the upper bound of the MSRV is given by the following
-formula:
-
-```
-min(sid, stable - 3)
+        match event {
+            Event::WindowEvent {
+                event: WindowEvent::CloseRequested,
+                window_id,
+            } if window_id == window.id() => *control_flow = ControlFlow::Exit,
+            _ => (),
+        }
+    });
+}
 ```
 
-Where `sid` is the current version of `rustc` provided by [Debian Sid], and
-`stable` is the latest stable version of Rust. This bound may be broken in case of a major ecosystem shift or a security vulnerability.
+Winit is only officially supported on the latest stable version of the Rust compiler.
 
-[Debian Sid]: https://packages.debian.org/sid/rustc
+### Cargo Features
 
-An exception is made for the Android platform, where a higher Rust version
-must be used for certain Android features. In this case, the MSRV will be
-capped at the latest stable version of Rust minus three. This inconsistency is
-not reflected in Cargo metadata, as it is not powerful enough to expose this
-restriction.
-
-Redox OS is also not covered by this MSRV policy, as it requires a Rust nightly
-toolchain to compile.
-
-All crates in the [`rust-windowing`] organizations have the
-same MSRV policy.
-
-[`rust-windowing`]: https://github.com/rust-windowing
+Winit provides the following features, which can be enabled in your `Cargo.toml` file:
+* `serde`: Enables serialization/deserialization of certain types with [Serde](https://crates.io/crates/serde).
+* `x11` (enabled by default): On Unix platform, compiles with the X11 backend
+* `wayland` (enabled by default): On Unix platform, compiles with the Wayland backend
+* `mint`: Enables mint (math interoperability standard types) conversions.
 
 ### Platform-specific usage
 
-Check out the [`winit::platform`](https://docs.rs/winit/latest/winit/platform/index.html) module for platform-specific usage.
+#### Wayland
 
-### Repository License
+Note that windows don't appear on Wayland until you draw/present to them.
 
-Note that the license in `LICENSE` doesn't apply in full to the DPI package [./dpi](./dpi).
-Full details can be found in that folder's README.
-<!-- This doesn't apply to users of the Winit crate, but this is also the repository level README -->
+`winit` doesn't do drawing, try the examples in [`glutin`] instead.
+
+[`glutin`]: https://github.com/rust-windowing/glutin
+
+#### WebAssembly
+
+To run the web example: `cargo run-wasm --example web`
+
+Winit supports compiling to the `wasm32-unknown-unknown` target with `web-sys`.
+
+On the web platform, a Winit window is backed by a `<canvas>` element. You can
+either [provide Winit with a `<canvas>` element][web with_canvas], or [let Winit
+create a `<canvas>` element which you can then retrieve][web canvas getter] and
+insert it into the DOM yourself.
+
+For example code using Winit with WebAssembly, check out the [web example]. For
+information on using Rust on WebAssembly, check out the [Rust and WebAssembly
+book].
+
+[web with_canvas]: https://docs.rs/winit/latest/wasm32-unknown-unknown/winit/platform/web/trait.WindowBuilderExtWebSys.html#tymethod.with_canvas
+[web canvas getter]: https://docs.rs/winit/latest/wasm32-unknown-unknown/winit/platform/web/trait.WindowExtWebSys.html#tymethod.canvas
+[web example]: ./examples/web.rs
+[Rust and WebAssembly book]: https://rustwasm.github.io/book/
+
+#### Android
+
+The Android backend builds on (and exposes types from) the [`ndk`](https://docs.rs/ndk/0.7.0/ndk/) crate.
+
+Native Android applications need some form of "glue" crate that is responsible
+for defining the main entry point for your Rust application as well as tracking
+various life-cycle events and synchronizing with the main JVM thread.
+
+Winit uses the [android-activity](https://github.com/rib/android-activity) as a
+glue crate (prior to `0.28` it used
+[ndk-glue](https://github.com/rust-windowing/android-ndk-rs/tree/master/ndk-glue)).
+
+The version of the glue crate that your application depends on _must_ match the
+version that Winit depends on because the glue crate is responsible for your
+application's main entrypoint. If Cargo resolves multiple versions they will
+clash.
+
+`winit` glue compatibility table:
+
+| winit |       ndk-glue               |
+| :---: | :--------------------------: |
+| 0.28  | `android-activity = "0.4"`   |
+| 0.27  | `ndk-glue = "0.7"`           |
+| 0.26  | `ndk-glue = "0.5"`           |
+| 0.25  | `ndk-glue = "0.3"`           |
+| 0.24  | `ndk-glue = "0.2"`           |
+
+The recommended way to avoid a conflict with the glue version is to avoid explicitly
+depending on the `android-activity` crate, and instead consume the API that
+is re-exported by Winit under `winit::platform::android::activity::*`
+
+Running on an Android device needs a dynamic system library, add this to Cargo.toml:
+
+```toml
+[lib]
+name = "main"
+crate-type = ["cdylib"]
+```
+
+All Android applications are based on an `Activity` subclass and the
+`android-activity` crate is designed to support different choices for this base
+class. Your application _must_ specify the base class it needs via a feature flag:
+
+| Base Class       | Feature Flag      |  Notes  |
+| :--------------: | :---------------: | :-----: |
+| `NativeActivity` | `android-native-activity` | Built-in to Android - it is possible to use without compiling any Java or Kotlin code. Java or Kotlin code may be needed to subclass `NativeActivity` to access some platform features. It does not derive from the [`AndroidAppCompat`] base class.|
+| [`GameActivity`] | `android-game-activity`   | Derives from [`AndroidAppCompat`] which is a defacto standard `Activity` base class that helps support a wider range of Android versions. Requires a build system that can compile Java or Kotlin and fetch Android dependencies from a [Maven repository][agdk_jetpack] (or link with an embedded [release][agdk_releases] of [`GameActivity`]) |
+
+[`GameActivity`]: https://developer.android.com/games/agdk/game-activity
+[`GameTextInput`]: https://developer.android.com/games/agdk/add-support-for-text-input
+[`AndroidAppCompat`]: https://developer.android.com/reference/androidx/appcompat/app/AppCompatActivity
+[agdk_jetpack]: https://developer.android.com/jetpack/androidx/releases/games
+[agdk_releases]: https://developer.android.com/games/agdk/download#agdk-libraries
+[Gradle]: https://developer.android.com/studio/build
+
+For example, add this to Cargo.toml:
+```toml
+winit = { version = "0.28", features = [ "android-native-activity" ] }
+
+[target.'cfg(target_os = "android")'.dependencies]
+android_logger = "0.11.0"
+```
+
+And, for example, define an entry point for your library like this:
+```rust
+#[cfg(target_os = "android")]
+use winit::platform::android::activity::AndroidApp;
+
+#[cfg(target_os = "android")]
+#[no_mangle]
+fn android_main(app: AndroidApp) {
+    use winit::platform::android::EventLoopBuilderExtAndroid;
+
+    android_logger::init_once(android_logger::Config::default().with_min_level(log::Level::Trace));
+
+    let event_loop = EventLoopBuilder::with_user_event()
+        .with_android_app(app)
+        .build();
+    _main(event_loop);
+}
+```
+
+For more details, refer to these `android-activity` [example applications](https://github.com/rib/android-activity/tree/main/examples).
+
+##### Converting from `ndk-glue` to `android-activity`
+
+If your application is currently based on `NativeActivity` via the `ndk-glue` crate and building with `cargo apk` then the minimal changes would be:
+1. Remove `ndk-glue` from your `Cargo.toml`
+2. Enable the `"android-native-activity"` feature for Winit: `winit = { version = "0.28", features = [ "android-native-activity" ] }`
+3. Add an `android_main` entrypoint (as above), instead of using the '`[ndk_glue::main]` proc macro from `ndk-macros` (optionally add a dependency on `android_logger` and initialize logging as above).
+4. Pass a clone of the `AndroidApp` that your application receives to Winit when building your event loop (as shown above).
+
+#### MacOS
+
+A lot of functionality expects the application to be ready before you start
+doing anything; this includes creating windows, fetching monitors, drawing,
+and so on, see issues [#2238], [#2051] and [#2087].
+
+If you encounter problems, you should try doing your initialization inside
+`Event::NewEvents(StartCause::Init)`.
+
+#### iOS
+
+Similar to macOS, iOS's main `UIApplicationMain` does some init work that's required
+by all UI related code, see issue [#1705]. You should consider creating your windows
+inside `Event::NewEvents(StartCause::Init)`.
+
+
+[#2238]: https://github.com/rust-windowing/winit/issues/2238
+[#2051]: https://github.com/rust-windowing/winit/issues/2051
+[#2087]: https://github.com/rust-windowing/winit/issues/2087
+[#1705]: https://github.com/rust-windowing/winit/issues/1705
+
+#### Redox OS
+
+Redox OS has some functionality not present yet, that will be implemented when
+its orbital display server provides it.

build.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+use cfg_aliases::cfg_aliases;
+
+#[cfg(all(
+    any(
+        target_os = "linux",
+        target_os = "dragonfly",
+        target_os = "freebsd",
+        target_os = "openbsd",
+        target_os = "netbsd",
+    ),
+    feature = "wayland",
+))]
+mod wayland {
+    use std::env;
+    use std::path::PathBuf;
+    use wayland_scanner::Side;
+
+    pub fn main() {
+        let mut path = PathBuf::from(env::var("OUT_DIR").unwrap());
+        path.push("fractional_scale_v1.rs");
+        wayland_scanner::generate_code(
+            "wayland_protocols/fractional-scale-v1.xml",
+            &path,
+            Side::Client,
+        );
+    }
+}
+
+fn main() {
+    // The script doesn't depend on our code
+    println!("cargo:rerun-if-changed=build.rs");
+    println!("cargo:rerun-if-changed=wayland_protocols");
+
+    // Setup cfg aliases
+    cfg_aliases! {
+        // Systems.
+        android_platform: { target_os = "android" },
+        wasm_platform: { target_arch = "wasm32" },
+        macos_platform: { target_os = "macos" },
+        ios_platform: { target_os = "ios" },
+        windows_platform: { target_os = "windows" },
+        apple: { any(target_os = "ios", target_os = "macos") },
+        free_unix: { all(unix, not(apple), not(android_platform)) },
+        redox: { target_os = "redox" },
+
+        // Native displays.
+        x11_platform: { all(feature = "x11", free_unix, not(wasm), not(redox)) },
+        wayland_platform: { all(feature = "wayland", free_unix, not(wasm), not(redox)) },
+        orbital_platform: { redox },
+    }
+
+    // XXX aliases are not available for the build script itself.
+    #[cfg(all(
+        any(
+            target_os = "linux",
+            target_os = "dragonfly",
+            target_os = "freebsd",
+            target_os = "openbsd",
+            target_os = "netbsd",
+        ),
+        feature = "wayland",
+    ))]
+    wayland::main();
+}

clippy.toml

@@ -1,17 +0,0 @@
-# Using allow-invalid because this is platform-specific code
-disallowed-methods = [
-    { allow-invalid = true, path = "objc2_app_kit::NSView::visibleRect", reason = "We expose a render target to the user, and visibility is not really relevant to that (and can break if you don't use the rectangle position as well). Use `frame` instead." },
-    { allow-invalid = true, path = "objc2_app_kit::NSWindow::setFrameTopLeftPoint", reason = "Not sufficient when working with Winit's coordinate system, use `flip_window_screen_coordinates` instead" },
-    { allow-invalid = true, path = "web_sys::Document::exit_fullscreen", reason = "Doesn't account for compatibility with Safari" },
-    { allow-invalid = true, path = "web_sys::Document::fullscreen_element", reason = "Doesn't account for compatibility with Safari" },
-    { allow-invalid = true, path = "web_sys::Element::request_fullscreen", reason = "Doesn't account for compatibility with Safari" },
-    { allow-invalid = true, path = "web_sys::HtmlCanvasElement::height", reason = "Winit shouldn't touch the internal canvas size" },
-    { allow-invalid = true, path = "web_sys::HtmlCanvasElement::set_height", reason = "Winit shouldn't touch the internal canvas size" },
-    { allow-invalid = true, path = "web_sys::HtmlCanvasElement::set_width", reason = "Winit shouldn't touch the internal canvas size" },
-    { allow-invalid = true, path = "web_sys::HtmlCanvasElement::width", reason = "Winit shouldn't touch the internal canvas size" },
-    { allow-invalid = true, path = "web_sys::HtmlElement::style", reason = "cache this to reduce calls to JS" },
-    { allow-invalid = true, path = "web_sys::Window::document", reason = "cache this to reduce calls to JS" },
-    { allow-invalid = true, path = "web_sys::Window::get_computed_style", reason = "cache this to reduce calls to JS" },
-    { allow-invalid = true, path = "web_sys::Window::navigator", reason = "cache this to reduce calls to JS" },
-    { allow-invalid = true, path = "web_sys::window", reason = "is not available in every context" },
-]

deny.toml

@@ -1,80 +0,0 @@
-# https://embarkstudios.github.io/cargo-deny
-# cargo install cargo-deny
-# cargo update && cargo deny --target aarch64-apple-ios check
-# Note: running just `cargo deny check` without a `--target` will result in
-# false positives due to https://github.com/EmbarkStudios/cargo-deny/issues/324
-[graph]
-all-features = true
-exclude-dev = true
-targets = [
-    { triple = "aarch64-apple-darwin" },
-    { triple = "aarch64-apple-ios" },
-    { triple = "aarch64-linux-android" },
-    { triple = "i686-pc-windows-gnu" },
-    { triple = "i686-pc-windows-msvc" },
-    { triple = "i686-unknown-linux-gnu" },
-    { triple = "wasm32-unknown-unknown", features = [
-        "atomics",
-    ] },
-    { triple = "x86_64-apple-darwin" },
-    { triple = "x86_64-apple-ios" },
-    { triple = "x86_64-pc-windows-gnu" },
-    { triple = "x86_64-pc-windows-msvc" },
-    { triple = "x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu" },
-    { triple = "x86_64-unknown-redox" },
-]
-
-[licenses]
-allow = [
-    "Apache-2.0",   # https://tldrlegal.com/license/apache-license-2.0-(apache-2.0)
-    "BSD-2-Clause", # https://tldrlegal.com/license/bsd-2-clause-license-(freebsd)
-    "BSD-3-Clause", # https://tldrlegal.com/license/bsd-3-clause-license-(revised)
-    "ISC",          # https://tldrlegal.com/license/isc-license
-    "MIT",          # https://tldrlegal.com/license/mit-license
-    "Unicode-3.0",  # https://spdx.org/licenses/Unicode-3.0.html
-]
-confidence-threshold = 1.0
-private = { ignore = true }
-
-[bans]
-multiple-versions = "deny"
-skip = [
-    { crate = "bitflags@1", reason = "the ecosystem is in the process of migrating" },
-    { crate = "rustix@0.38", reason = "the ecosystem is in the process of migrating" },
-    { crate = "linux-raw-sys@0.4", reason = "the ecosystem is in the process of migrating" },
-]
-wildcards = "allow" # at least until https://github.com/EmbarkStudios/cargo-deny/issues/241 is fixed
-
-[bans.build]
-include-archives = true
-interpreted = "deny"
-
-[[bans.build.bypass]]
-allow = [
-    { path = "generate-bindings.sh", checksum = "268ec23248218d779e33853cdc60e2985e70214ff004716cd734270de1f6b561" },
-]
-crate = "android-activity"
-
-[[bans.build.bypass]]
-allow-globs = ["ci/*", "githooks/*"]
-crate = "zerocopy"
-
-[[bans.build.bypass]]
-allow-globs = ["freetype2/*"]
-crate = "freetype-sys"
-
-[[bans.build.bypass]]
-allow-globs = ["lib/*.a"]
-crate = "windows_i686_gnu"
-
-[[bans.build.bypass]]
-allow-globs = ["lib/*.lib"]
-crate = "windows_i686_msvc"
-
-[[bans.build.bypass]]
-allow-globs = ["lib/*.a"]
-crate = "windows_x86_64_gnu"
-
-[[bans.build.bypass]]
-allow-globs = ["lib/*.lib"]
-crate = "windows_x86_64_msvc"

dpi/CHANGELOG.md

@@ -1,25 +0,0 @@
-# Changelog
-
-All notable changes to this project will be documented in this file.
-
-Please keep one empty line before and after all headers. (This is required for
-`git` to produce a conflict when a release is made while a PR is open and the
-PR's changelog entry would go into the wrong section).
-
-And please only add new entries to the top of this list, right below the `#
-Unreleased` header.
-
-## Unreleased
-
-## 0.1.2
-
-- Added `Insets`, `LogicalInsets` and `PhysicalInsets` types.
-- Make `no_std` compatible. If you use this functionality, DPI's license has changed.
-
-## 0.1.1
-
-- Derive `Debug`, `Copy`, `Clone`, `PartialEq`, `Serialize`, `Deserialize` traits for `PixelUnit`.
-
-## 0.1.0
-
-- Add `LogicalUnit`, `PhysicalUnit` and `PixelUnit` types and related functions.

dpi/Cargo.toml

@@ -1,46 +0,0 @@
-[package]
-categories = ["gui"]
-description = "Types for handling UI scaling"
-edition.workspace = true
-keywords = ["DPI", "HiDPI", "scale-factor"]
-# N.B. This is "AND", because of the imported libm code.
-license = "Apache-2.0 AND MIT"
-name = "dpi"
-repository.workspace = true
-rust-version.workspace = true
-version = "0.1.2"
-
-[features]
-default = ["std"]
-
-mint = ["dep:mint"]
-serde = ["dep:serde"]
-
-# Access mathematical functions using the standard library implementations
-std = []
-
-[dependencies]
-mint = { workspace = true, optional = true }
-serde = { workspace = true, optional = true }
-
-[package.metadata.docs.rs]
-features = ["mint", "serde"]
-# These are all tested in CI
-rustdoc-args = ["--cfg", "docsrs"]
-targets = [
-    # Windows
-    "i686-pc-windows-msvc",
-    "x86_64-pc-windows-msvc",
-    # macOS
-    "aarch64-apple-darwin",
-    "x86_64-apple-darwin",
-    # Unix (X11 & Wayland)
-    "i686-unknown-linux-gnu",
-    "x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu",
-    # iOS
-    "aarch64-apple-ios",
-    # Android
-    "aarch64-linux-android",
-    # Web
-    "wasm32-unknown-unknown",
-]

dpi/LICENSE

@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-../LICENSE

dpi/LICENSE-LIBM-MIT

@@ -1,51 +0,0 @@
-rust-lang/libm as a whole is available for use under the MIT license:
-
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
-of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
-in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
-to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
-copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
-furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
-
-The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
-copies or substantial portions of the Software.
-
-THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
-IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
-FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
-AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
-LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
-OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
-SOFTWARE.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-This Rust library contains the following copyrights:
-
-    Copyright (c) 2018 Jorge Aparicio
-
-Portions of this software are derived from third-party works licensed under
-terms compatible with the above MIT license:
-
-* musl libc https://www.musl-libc.org/. This library contains the following
-  copyright:
-
-      Copyright © 2005-2020 Rich Felker, et al.
-
-* The CORE-MATH project https://core-math.gitlabpages.inria.fr/. CORE-MATH
-  routines are available under the MIT license on a per-file basis.
-
-The musl libc COPYRIGHT file also includes the following notice relevant to
-math portions of the library:
-
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-Much of the math library code (src/math/* and src/complex/*) is
-Copyright © 1993,2004 Sun Microsystems or
-Copyright © 2003-2011 David Schultz or
-Copyright © 2003-2009 Steven G. Kargl or
-Copyright © 2003-2009 Bruce D. Evans or
-Copyright © 2008 Stephen L. Moshier or
-Copyright © 2017-2018 Arm Limited
-and labelled as such in comments in the individual source files. All
-have been licensed under extremely permissive terms.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

dpi/README.md

@@ -1,18 +0,0 @@
-# DPI
-
-Full docs can be found on docs.rs.
-
-## License
-
-Most of DPI is licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 ([LICENSE](LICENSE)).
-All files except for `src/libm.rs` (and `LICENSE-LIBM-MIT`) are available solely under that license.
-
-For its `no_std` support, DPI uses code from the [libm](https://crates.io/crates/libm) crate.
-This is in the `libm.rs` file, and is licensed solely under the MIT Licence ([LICENSE-LIBM-MIT](LICENSE-LIBM-MIT)).
-That file contains details of all potentially applicable copyright notices.
-This is feature gated to only be included if you disable the `std` feature, otherwise it will not be compiled into your final binary
-(and so these license terms will not apply).
-
-Overall, this means that the license for this crate depends on what features you have enabled.
-If you enable the `std` feature, then DPI uses only code available under the Apache-2.0 license, and so can be used under the terms of that license.
-However, if you disable the `std` feature, then both these licenses must be followed to use the crate as a whole.

dpi/src/libm.rs

@@ -1,56 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright (c) 2018 Jorge Aparicio
-// Copyright © 2005-2020 Rich Felker, et al.
-// Copyright © 1993,2004 Sun Microsystems or
-// Copyright © 2003-2011 David Schultz or
-// Copyright © 2003-2009 Steven G. Kargl or
-// Copyright © 2003-2009 Bruce D. Evans or
-// Copyright © 2008 Stephen L. Moshier or
-// Copyright © 2017-2018 Arm Limited
-// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
-// This file is licensed solely under the terms discussed in LICENSE-LIBM-MIT at the crate root.
-// See the package-level README for full details.
-
-// Taken from https://github.com/rust-lang/libm/blob/master/src/math/mod.rs#L1
-macro_rules! force_eval {
-    ($e:expr) => {
-        unsafe { ::core::ptr::read_volatile(&$e) }
-    };
-}
-
-// Taken from https://github.com/rust-lang/libm/blob/libm-v0.2.11/src/math/round.rs
-pub(crate) fn round(x: f64) -> f64 {
-    trunc(x + copysign(0.5 - 0.25 * f64::EPSILON, x))
-}
-
-// Adapted from: https://github.com/rust-lang/libm/blob/libm-v0.2.11/src/math/trunc.rs#L8-L12
-#[allow(clippy::needless_late_init /*, reason = "The original libm code uses this style" */)]
-fn trunc(x: f64) -> f64 {
-    let x1p120 = f64::from_bits(0x4770000000000000); // 0x1p120f === 2 ^ 120
-
-    let mut i: u64 = x.to_bits();
-    let mut e: i64 = ((i >> 52) & 0x7ff) as i64 - 0x3ff + 12;
-    let m: u64;
-
-    if e >= 52 + 12 {
-        return x;
-    }
-    if e < 12 {
-        e = 1;
-    }
-    m = -1i64 as u64 >> e;
-    if (i & m) == 0 {
-        return x;
-    }
-    force_eval!(x + x1p120);
-    i &= !m;
-    f64::from_bits(i)
-}
-
-// Taken from https://github.com/rust-lang/libm/blob/libm-v0.2.11/src/math/copysign.rs
-fn copysign(x: f64, y: f64) -> f64 {
-    let mut ux = x.to_bits();
-    let uy = y.to_bits();
-    ux &= (!0) >> 1;
-    ux |= uy & (1 << 63);
-    f64::from_bits(ux)
-}

examples/child_window.rs

@@ -1,129 +1,80 @@
 #[cfg(any(x11_platform, macos_platform, windows_platform))]
-#[allow(deprecated)]
-fn main() -> Result<(), impl std::error::Error> {
+fn main() {
     use std::collections::HashMap;
 
-    use winit::application::ApplicationHandler;
-    use winit::dpi::{LogicalPosition, LogicalSize, Position};
-    use winit::event::{ElementState, KeyEvent, WindowEvent};
-    use winit::event_loop::{ActiveEventLoop, EventLoop};
-    use winit::raw_window_handle::HasRawWindowHandle;
-    use winit::window::{Window, WindowAttributes, WindowId};
+    use raw_window_handle::HasRawWindowHandle;
+    use winit::{
+        dpi::{LogicalPosition, LogicalSize, Position},
+        event::{ElementState, Event, KeyboardInput, WindowEvent},
+        event_loop::{ControlFlow, EventLoop, EventLoopWindowTarget},
+        window::{Window, WindowBuilder, WindowId},
+    };
 
-    #[path = "util/fill.rs"]
-    mod fill;
+    fn spawn_child_window(
+        parent: &Window,
+        event_loop: &EventLoopWindowTarget<()>,
+        windows: &mut HashMap<WindowId, Window>,
+    ) {
+        let parent = parent.raw_window_handle();
+        let mut builder = WindowBuilder::new()
+            .with_title("child window")
+            .with_inner_size(LogicalSize::new(200.0f32, 200.0f32))
+            .with_position(Position::Logical(LogicalPosition::new(0.0, 0.0)))
+            .with_visible(true);
+        // `with_parent_window` is unsafe. Parent window must be a valid window.
+        builder = unsafe { builder.with_parent_window(Some(parent)) };
+        let child_window = builder.build(event_loop).unwrap();
 
-    #[derive(Debug)]
-    struct WindowData {
-        window: Box<dyn Window>,
-        color: u32,
+        let id = child_window.id();
+        windows.insert(id, child_window);
+        println!("child window created with id: {id:?}");
     }
 
-    impl WindowData {
-        fn new(window: Box<dyn Window>, color: u32) -> Self {
-            Self { window, color }
-        }
-    }
+    let mut windows = HashMap::new();
 
-    #[derive(Default, Debug)]
-    struct Application {
-        parent_window_id: Option<WindowId>,
-        windows: HashMap<WindowId, WindowData>,
-    }
+    let event_loop: EventLoop<()> = EventLoop::new();
+    let parent_window = WindowBuilder::new()
+        .with_title("parent window")
+        .with_position(Position::Logical(LogicalPosition::new(0.0, 0.0)))
+        .with_inner_size(LogicalSize::new(640.0f32, 480.0f32))
+        .build(&event_loop)
+        .unwrap();
 
-    impl ApplicationHandler for Application {
-        fn can_create_surfaces(&mut self, event_loop: &dyn ActiveEventLoop) {
-            let attributes = WindowAttributes::default()
-                .with_title("parent window")
-                .with_position(Position::Logical(LogicalPosition::new(0.0, 0.0)))
-                .with_surface_size(LogicalSize::new(640.0f32, 480.0f32));
-            let window = event_loop.create_window(attributes).unwrap();
-            println!("Parent window id: {:?})", window.id());
-            self.parent_window_id = Some(window.id());
+    println!("parent window: {parent_window:?})");
 
-            self.windows.insert(window.id(), WindowData::new(window, 0xffbbbbbb));
-        }
+    event_loop.run(move |event: Event<'_, ()>, event_loop, control_flow| {
+        *control_flow = ControlFlow::Wait;
 
-        fn window_event(
-            &mut self,
-            event_loop: &dyn ActiveEventLoop,
-            window_id: winit::window::WindowId,
-            event: WindowEvent,
-        ) {
+        if let Event::WindowEvent { event, window_id } = event {
             match event {
                 WindowEvent::CloseRequested => {
-                    self.windows.clear();
-                    event_loop.exit();
-                },
-                WindowEvent::PointerEntered { device_id: _, .. } => {
-                    // On x11, println when the cursor entered in a window even if the child window
-                    // is created by some key inputs.
-                    // the child windows are always placed at (0, 0) with size (200, 200) in the
-                    // parent window, so we also can see this log when we move
-                    // the cursor around (200, 200) in parent window.
+                    windows.clear();
+                    *control_flow = ControlFlow::Exit;
+                }
+                WindowEvent::CursorEntered { device_id: _ } => {
+                    // On x11, println when the cursor entered in a window even if the child window is created
+                    // by some key inputs.
+                    // the child windows are always placed at (0, 0) with size (200, 200) in the parent window,
+                    // so we also can see this log when we move the cursor arround (200, 200) in parent window.
                     println!("cursor entered in the window {window_id:?}");
-                },
+                }
                 WindowEvent::KeyboardInput {
-                    event: KeyEvent { state: ElementState::Pressed, .. },
+                    input:
+                        KeyboardInput {
+                            state: ElementState::Pressed,
+                            ..
+                        },
                     ..
                 } => {
-                    let child_index = self.windows.len() - 1;
-                    let child_color =
-                        0xff000000 + 3_u32.pow((child_index + 2).rem_euclid(16) as u32);
-
-                    let parent_window = self.windows.get(&self.parent_window_id.unwrap()).unwrap();
-                    let child_window =
-                        spawn_child_window(parent_window.window.as_ref(), event_loop, child_index);
-                    let child_id = child_window.id();
-                    println!("Child window created with id: {child_id:?}");
-                    self.windows.insert(child_id, WindowData::new(child_window, child_color));
-                },
-                WindowEvent::RedrawRequested => {
-                    if let Some(window) = self.windows.get(&window_id) {
-                        if window_id == self.parent_window_id.unwrap() {
-                            fill::fill_window(window.window.as_ref());
-                        } else {
-                            fill::fill_window_with_color(window.window.as_ref(), window.color);
-                        }
-                    }
-                },
+                    spawn_child_window(&parent_window, event_loop, &mut windows);
+                }
                 _ => (),
             }
         }
-    }
-
-    fn spawn_child_window(
-        parent: &dyn Window,
-        event_loop: &dyn ActiveEventLoop,
-        child_count: usize,
-    ) -> Box<dyn Window> {
-        let parent = parent.raw_window_handle().unwrap();
-
-        // As child count increases, x goes from 0*128 to 5*128 and then repeats
-        let x: f64 = child_count.rem_euclid(5) as f64 * 128.0;
-
-        // After 5 windows have been put side by side horizontally, a new row starts
-        let y: f64 = (child_count / 5) as f64 * 96.0;
-
-        let mut window_attributes = WindowAttributes::default()
-            .with_title("child window")
-            .with_surface_size(LogicalSize::new(128.0f32, 96.0))
-            .with_position(Position::Logical(LogicalPosition::new(x, y)))
-            .with_visible(true);
-        // `with_parent_window` is unsafe. Parent window must be a valid window.
-        window_attributes = unsafe { window_attributes.with_parent_window(Some(parent)) };
-
-        event_loop.create_window(window_attributes).unwrap()
-    }
-
-    let event_loop = EventLoop::new().unwrap();
-    event_loop.run_app(Application::default())
+    })
 }
 
 #[cfg(not(any(x11_platform, macos_platform, windows_platform)))]
 fn main() {
-    panic!(
-        "This example is supported only on x11, macOS, and Windows, with the `rwh_06` feature \
-         enabled."
-    );
+    panic!("This example is supported only on x11, macOS, and Windows.");
 }

examples/control_flow.rs

@@ -1,146 +1,114 @@
 #![allow(clippy::single_match)]
 
-use std::thread;
-#[cfg(not(web_platform))]
-use std::time;
+use std::{thread, time};
 
-use ::tracing::{info, warn};
-#[cfg(web_platform)]
-use web_time as time;
-use winit::application::ApplicationHandler;
-use winit::event::{ElementState, KeyEvent, StartCause, WindowEvent};
-use winit::event_loop::{ActiveEventLoop, ControlFlow, EventLoop};
-use winit::keyboard::{Key, NamedKey};
-use winit::window::{Window, WindowAttributes, WindowId};
+use simple_logger::SimpleLogger;
+use winit::{
+    event::{Event, KeyboardInput, WindowEvent},
+    event_loop::EventLoop,
+    window::WindowBuilder,
+};
 
-#[path = "util/fill.rs"]
-mod fill;
-#[path = "util/tracing.rs"]
-mod tracing;
-
-const WAIT_TIME: time::Duration = time::Duration::from_millis(100);
-const POLL_SLEEP_TIME: time::Duration = time::Duration::from_millis(100);
-
-#[derive(Default, Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
 enum Mode {
-    #[default]
     Wait,
     WaitUntil,
     Poll,
 }
 
-fn main() -> Result<(), impl std::error::Error> {
-    #[cfg(web_platform)]
-    console_error_panic_hook::set_once();
+const WAIT_TIME: time::Duration = time::Duration::from_millis(100);
+const POLL_SLEEP_TIME: time::Duration = time::Duration::from_millis(100);
 
-    tracing::init();
+fn main() {
+    SimpleLogger::new().init().unwrap();
 
-    info!("Press '1' to switch to Wait mode.");
-    info!("Press '2' to switch to WaitUntil mode.");
-    info!("Press '3' to switch to Poll mode.");
-    info!("Press 'R' to toggle request_redraw() calls.");
-    info!("Press 'Esc' to close the window.");
+    println!("Press '1' to switch to Wait mode.");
+    println!("Press '2' to switch to WaitUntil mode.");
+    println!("Press '3' to switch to Poll mode.");
+    println!("Press 'R' to toggle request_redraw() calls.");
+    println!("Press 'Esc' to close the window.");
 
-    let event_loop = EventLoop::new().unwrap();
+    let event_loop = EventLoop::new();
+    let window = WindowBuilder::new()
+        .with_title("Press 1, 2, 3 to change control flow mode. Press R to toggle redraw requests.")
+        .build(&event_loop)
+        .unwrap();
 
-    event_loop.run_app(ControlFlowDemo::default())
-}
-
-#[derive(Default, Debug)]
-struct ControlFlowDemo {
-    mode: Mode,
-    request_redraw: bool,
-    wait_cancelled: bool,
-    close_requested: bool,
-    window: Option<Box<dyn Window>>,
-}
-
-impl ApplicationHandler for ControlFlowDemo {
-    fn new_events(&mut self, _event_loop: &dyn ActiveEventLoop, cause: StartCause) {
-        info!("new_events: {cause:?}");
-
-        self.wait_cancelled = match cause {
-            StartCause::WaitCancelled { .. } => self.mode == Mode::WaitUntil,
-            _ => false,
-        }
-    }
-
-    fn can_create_surfaces(&mut self, event_loop: &dyn ActiveEventLoop) {
-        let window_attributes = WindowAttributes::default().with_title(
-            "Press 1, 2, 3 to change control flow mode. Press R to toggle redraw requests.",
-        );
-        self.window = Some(event_loop.create_window(window_attributes).unwrap());
-    }
-
-    fn window_event(
-        &mut self,
-        _event_loop: &dyn ActiveEventLoop,
-        _window_id: WindowId,
-        event: WindowEvent,
-    ) {
-        info!("{event:?}");
+    let mut mode = Mode::Wait;
+    let mut request_redraw = false;
+    let mut wait_cancelled = false;
+    let mut close_requested = false;
 
+    event_loop.run(move |event, _, control_flow| {
+        use winit::event::{ElementState, StartCause, VirtualKeyCode};
+        println!("{event:?}");
         match event {
-            WindowEvent::CloseRequested => {
-                self.close_requested = true;
-            },
-            WindowEvent::KeyboardInput {
-                event: KeyEvent { logical_key: key, state: ElementState::Pressed, .. },
-                ..
-            } => match key.as_ref() {
-                // WARNING: Consider using `key_without_modifiers()` if available on your platform.
-                // See the `key_binding` example
-                Key::Character("1") => {
-                    self.mode = Mode::Wait;
-                    warn!("mode: {:?}", self.mode);
-                },
-                Key::Character("2") => {
-                    self.mode = Mode::WaitUntil;
-                    warn!("mode: {:?}", self.mode);
-                },
-                Key::Character("3") => {
-                    self.mode = Mode::Poll;
-                    warn!("mode: {:?}", self.mode);
-                },
-                Key::Character("r") => {
-                    self.request_redraw = !self.request_redraw;
-                    warn!("request_redraw: {}", self.request_redraw);
-                },
-                Key::Named(NamedKey::Escape) => {
-                    self.close_requested = true;
+            Event::NewEvents(start_cause) => {
+                wait_cancelled = match start_cause {
+                    StartCause::WaitCancelled { .. } => mode == Mode::WaitUntil,
+                    _ => false,
+                }
+            }
+            Event::WindowEvent { event, .. } => match event {
+                WindowEvent::CloseRequested => {
+                    close_requested = true;
+                }
+                WindowEvent::KeyboardInput {
+                    input:
+                        KeyboardInput {
+                            virtual_keycode: Some(virtual_code),
+                            state: ElementState::Pressed,
+                            ..
+                        },
+                    ..
+                } => match virtual_code {
+                    VirtualKeyCode::Key1 => {
+                        mode = Mode::Wait;
+                        println!("\nmode: {mode:?}\n");
+                    }
+                    VirtualKeyCode::Key2 => {
+                        mode = Mode::WaitUntil;
+                        println!("\nmode: {mode:?}\n");
+                    }
+                    VirtualKeyCode::Key3 => {
+                        mode = Mode::Poll;
+                        println!("\nmode: {mode:?}\n");
+                    }
+                    VirtualKeyCode::R => {
+                        request_redraw = !request_redraw;
+                        println!("\nrequest_redraw: {request_redraw}\n");
+                    }
+                    VirtualKeyCode::Escape => {
+                        close_requested = true;
+                    }
+                    _ => (),
                 },
                 _ => (),
             },
-            WindowEvent::RedrawRequested => {
-                let window = self.window.as_ref().unwrap();
-                window.pre_present_notify();
-                fill::fill_window(window.as_ref());
-            },
+            Event::MainEventsCleared => {
+                if request_redraw && !wait_cancelled && !close_requested {
+                    window.request_redraw();
+                }
+                if close_requested {
+                    control_flow.set_exit();
+                }
+            }
+            Event::RedrawRequested(_window_id) => {}
+            Event::RedrawEventsCleared => {
+                match mode {
+                    Mode::Wait => control_flow.set_wait(),
+                    Mode::WaitUntil => {
+                        if !wait_cancelled {
+                            control_flow.set_wait_until(instant::Instant::now() + WAIT_TIME);
+                        }
+                    }
+                    Mode::Poll => {
+                        thread::sleep(POLL_SLEEP_TIME);
+                        control_flow.set_poll();
+                    }
+                };
+            }
             _ => (),
         }
-    }
-
-    fn about_to_wait(&mut self, event_loop: &dyn ActiveEventLoop) {
-        if self.request_redraw && !self.wait_cancelled && !self.close_requested {
-            self.window.as_ref().unwrap().request_redraw();
-        }
-
-        match self.mode {
-            Mode::Wait => event_loop.set_control_flow(ControlFlow::Wait),
-            Mode::WaitUntil => {
-                if !self.wait_cancelled {
-                    event_loop
-                        .set_control_flow(ControlFlow::WaitUntil(time::Instant::now() + WAIT_TIME));
-                }
-            },
-            Mode::Poll => {
-                thread::sleep(POLL_SLEEP_TIME);
-                event_loop.set_control_flow(ControlFlow::Poll);
-            },
-        };
-
-        if self.close_requested {
-            event_loop.exit();
-        }
-    }
+    });
 }

examples/cursor.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+#![allow(clippy::single_match)]
+
+use simple_logger::SimpleLogger;
+use winit::{
+    event::{ElementState, Event, KeyboardInput, WindowEvent},
+    event_loop::EventLoop,
+    window::{CursorIcon, WindowBuilder},
+};
+
+fn main() {
+    SimpleLogger::new().init().unwrap();
+    let event_loop = EventLoop::new();
+
+    let window = WindowBuilder::new().build(&event_loop).unwrap();
+    window.set_title("A fantastic window!");
+
+    let mut cursor_idx = 0;
+
+    event_loop.run(move |event, _, control_flow| {
+        control_flow.set_wait();
+
+        match event {
+            Event::WindowEvent {
+                event:
+                    WindowEvent::KeyboardInput {
+                        input:
+                            KeyboardInput {
+                                state: ElementState::Pressed,
+                                ..
+                            },
+                        ..
+                    },
+                ..
+            } => {
+                println!("Setting cursor to \"{:?}\"", CURSORS[cursor_idx]);
+                window.set_cursor_icon(CURSORS[cursor_idx]);
+                if cursor_idx < CURSORS.len() - 1 {
+                    cursor_idx += 1;
+                } else {
+                    cursor_idx = 0;
+                }
+            }
+            Event::WindowEvent {
+                event: WindowEvent::CloseRequested,
+                ..
+            } => {
+                control_flow.set_exit();
+            }
+            _ => (),
+        }
+    });
+}
+
+const CURSORS: &[CursorIcon] = &[
+    CursorIcon::Default,
+    CursorIcon::Crosshair,
+    CursorIcon::Hand,
+    CursorIcon::Arrow,
+    CursorIcon::Move,
+    CursorIcon::Text,
+    CursorIcon::Wait,
+    CursorIcon::Help,
+    CursorIcon::Progress,
+    CursorIcon::NotAllowed,
+    CursorIcon::ContextMenu,
+    CursorIcon::Cell,
+    CursorIcon::VerticalText,
+    CursorIcon::Alias,
+    CursorIcon::Copy,
+    CursorIcon::NoDrop,
+    CursorIcon::Grab,
+    CursorIcon::Grabbing,
+    CursorIcon::AllScroll,
+    CursorIcon::ZoomIn,
+    CursorIcon::ZoomOut,
+    CursorIcon::EResize,
+    CursorIcon::NResize,
+    CursorIcon::NeResize,
+    CursorIcon::NwResize,
+    CursorIcon::SResize,
+    CursorIcon::SeResize,
+    CursorIcon::SwResize,
+    CursorIcon::WResize,
+    CursorIcon::EwResize,
+    CursorIcon::NsResize,
+    CursorIcon::NeswResize,
+    CursorIcon::NwseResize,
+    CursorIcon::ColResize,
+    CursorIcon::RowResize,
+];

examples/cursor_grab.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+#![allow(clippy::single_match)]
+
+use simple_logger::SimpleLogger;
+use winit::{
+    event::{DeviceEvent, ElementState, Event, KeyboardInput, ModifiersState, WindowEvent},
+    event_loop::EventLoop,
+    window::{CursorGrabMode, WindowBuilder},
+};
+
+fn main() {
+    SimpleLogger::new().init().unwrap();
+    let event_loop = EventLoop::new();
+
+    let window = WindowBuilder::new()
+        .with_title("Super Cursor Grab'n'Hide Simulator 9000")
+        .build(&event_loop)
+        .unwrap();
+
+    let mut modifiers = ModifiersState::default();
+
+    event_loop.run(move |event, _, control_flow| {
+        control_flow.set_wait();
+
+        match event {
+            Event::WindowEvent { event, .. } => match event {
+                WindowEvent::CloseRequested => control_flow.set_exit(),
+                WindowEvent::KeyboardInput {
+                    input:
+                        KeyboardInput {
+                            state: ElementState::Released,
+                            virtual_keycode: Some(key),
+                            ..
+                        },
+                    ..
+                } => {
+                    use winit::event::VirtualKeyCode::*;
+                    let result = match key {
+                        Escape => {
+                            control_flow.set_exit();
+                            Ok(())
+                        }
+                        G => window.set_cursor_grab(CursorGrabMode::Confined),
+                        L => window.set_cursor_grab(CursorGrabMode::Locked),
+                        A => window.set_cursor_grab(CursorGrabMode::None),
+                        H => {
+                            window.set_cursor_visible(modifiers.shift());
+                            Ok(())
+                        }
+                        _ => Ok(()),
+                    };
+
+                    if let Err(err) = result {
+                        println!("error: {err}");
+                    }
+                }
+                WindowEvent::ModifiersChanged(m) => modifiers = m,
+                _ => (),
+            },
+            Event::DeviceEvent { event, .. } => match event {
+                DeviceEvent::MouseMotion { delta } => println!("mouse moved: {delta:?}"),
+                DeviceEvent::Button { button, state } => match state {
+                    ElementState::Pressed => println!("mouse button {button} pressed"),
+                    ElementState::Released => println!("mouse button {button} released"),
+                },
+                _ => (),
+            },
+            _ => (),
+        }
+    });
+}

examples/custom_events.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+#![allow(clippy::single_match)]
+
+#[cfg(not(wasm_platform))]
+fn main() {
+    use simple_logger::SimpleLogger;
+    use winit::{
+        event::{Event, WindowEvent},
+        event_loop::EventLoopBuilder,
+        window::WindowBuilder,
+    };
+
+    #[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy)]
+    enum CustomEvent {
+        Timer,
+    }
+
+    SimpleLogger::new().init().unwrap();
+    let event_loop = EventLoopBuilder::<CustomEvent>::with_user_event().build();
+
+    let _window = WindowBuilder::new()
+        .with_title("A fantastic window!")
+        .build(&event_loop)
+        .unwrap();
+
+    // `EventLoopProxy` allows you to dispatch custom events to the main Winit event
+    // loop from any thread.
+    let event_loop_proxy = event_loop.create_proxy();
+
+    std::thread::spawn(move || {
+        // Wake up the `event_loop` once every second and dispatch a custom event
+        // from a different thread.
+        loop {
+            std::thread::sleep(std::time::Duration::from_secs(1));
+            event_loop_proxy.send_event(CustomEvent::Timer).ok();
+        }
+    });
+
+    event_loop.run(move |event, _, control_flow| {
+        control_flow.set_wait();
+
+        match event {
+            Event::UserEvent(event) => println!("user event: {event:?}"),
+            Event::WindowEvent {
+                event: WindowEvent::CloseRequested,
+                ..
+            } => control_flow.set_exit(),
+            _ => (),
+        }
+    });
+}
+
+#[cfg(wasm_platform)]
+fn main() {
+    panic!("This example is not supported on web.");
+}

examples/dnd.rs

@@ -1,65 +0,0 @@
-use std::error::Error;
-
-use winit::application::ApplicationHandler;
-use winit::event::WindowEvent;
-use winit::event_loop::{ActiveEventLoop, EventLoop};
-use winit::window::{Window, WindowAttributes, WindowId};
-
-#[path = "util/fill.rs"]
-mod fill;
-#[path = "util/tracing.rs"]
-mod tracing;
-
-fn main() -> Result<(), Box<dyn Error>> {
-    tracing::init();
-
-    let event_loop = EventLoop::new()?;
-
-    let app = Application::new();
-    Ok(event_loop.run_app(app)?)
-}
-
-/// Application state and event handling.
-#[derive(Debug)]
-struct Application {
-    window: Option<Box<dyn Window>>,
-}
-
-impl Application {
-    fn new() -> Self {
-        Self { window: None }
-    }
-}
-
-impl ApplicationHandler for Application {
-    fn can_create_surfaces(&mut self, event_loop: &dyn ActiveEventLoop) {
-        let window_attributes =
-            WindowAttributes::default().with_title("Drag and drop files on me!");
-        self.window = Some(event_loop.create_window(window_attributes).unwrap());
-    }
-
-    fn window_event(
-        &mut self,
-        event_loop: &dyn ActiveEventLoop,
-        _window_id: WindowId,
-        event: WindowEvent,
-    ) {
-        match event {
-            WindowEvent::DragLeft { .. }
-            | WindowEvent::DragEntered { .. }
-            | WindowEvent::DragMoved { .. }
-            | WindowEvent::DragDropped { .. } => {
-                println!("{event:?}");
-            },
-            WindowEvent::RedrawRequested => {
-                let window = self.window.as_ref().unwrap();
-                window.pre_present_notify();
-                fill::fill_window(window.as_ref());
-            },
-            WindowEvent::CloseRequested => {
-                event_loop.exit();
-            },
-            _ => {},
-        }
-    }
-}

examples/drag_window.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+#![allow(clippy::single_match)]
+
+use simple_logger::SimpleLogger;
+use winit::{
+    event::{
+        ElementState, Event, KeyboardInput, MouseButton, StartCause, VirtualKeyCode, WindowEvent,
+    },
+    event_loop::EventLoop,
+    window::{Window, WindowBuilder, WindowId},
+};
+
+fn main() {
+    SimpleLogger::new().init().unwrap();
+    let event_loop = EventLoop::new();
+
+    let window_1 = WindowBuilder::new().build(&event_loop).unwrap();
+    let window_2 = WindowBuilder::new().build(&event_loop).unwrap();
+
+    let mut switched = false;
+    let mut entered_id = window_2.id();
+
+    event_loop.run(move |event, _, control_flow| match event {
+        Event::NewEvents(StartCause::Init) => {
+            eprintln!("Switch which window is to be dragged by pressing \"x\".")
+        }
+        Event::WindowEvent { event, window_id } => match event {
+            WindowEvent::CloseRequested => control_flow.set_exit(),
+            WindowEvent::MouseInput {
+                state: ElementState::Pressed,
+                button: MouseButton::Left,
+                ..
+            } => {
+                let window = if (window_id == window_1.id() && switched)
+                    || (window_id == window_2.id() && !switched)
+                {
+                    &window_2
+                } else {
+                    &window_1
+                };
+
+                window.drag_window().unwrap()
+            }
+            WindowEvent::CursorEntered { .. } => {
+                entered_id = window_id;
+                name_windows(entered_id, switched, &window_1, &window_2)
+            }
+            WindowEvent::KeyboardInput {
+                input:
+                    KeyboardInput {
+                        state: ElementState::Released,
+                        virtual_keycode: Some(VirtualKeyCode::X),
+                        ..
+                    },
+                ..
+            } => {
+                switched = !switched;
+                name_windows(entered_id, switched, &window_1, &window_2);
+                println!("Switched!")
+            }
+            _ => (),
+        },
+        _ => (),
+    });
+}
+
+fn name_windows(window_id: WindowId, switched: bool, window_1: &Window, window_2: &Window) {
+    let (drag_target, other) =
+        if (window_id == window_1.id() && switched) || (window_id == window_2.id() && !switched) {
+            (&window_2, &window_1)
+        } else {
+            (&window_1, &window_2)
+        };
+    drag_target.set_title("drag target");
+    other.set_title("winit window");
+}

examples/fullscreen.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,122 @@
+#![allow(clippy::single_match)]
+
+use simple_logger::SimpleLogger;
+use winit::event::{ElementState, Event, KeyboardInput, VirtualKeyCode, WindowEvent};
+use winit::event_loop::EventLoop;
+use winit::window::{Fullscreen, WindowBuilder};
+
+#[cfg(target_os = "macos")]
+use winit::platform::macos::WindowExtMacOS;
+
+fn main() {
+    SimpleLogger::new().init().unwrap();
+    let event_loop = EventLoop::new();
+
+    let mut decorations = true;
+    let mut minimized = false;
+
+    let window = WindowBuilder::new()
+        .with_title("Hello world!")
+        .build(&event_loop)
+        .unwrap();
+
+    let mut monitor_index = 0;
+    let mut monitor = event_loop
+        .available_monitors()
+        .next()
+        .expect("no monitor found!");
+    println!("Monitor: {:?}", monitor.name());
+
+    let mut mode_index = 0;
+    let mut mode = monitor.video_modes().next().expect("no mode found");
+    println!("Mode: {mode}");
+
+    println!("Keys:");
+    println!("- Esc\tExit");
+    println!("- F\tToggle exclusive fullscreen mode");
+    println!("- B\tToggle borderless mode");
+    #[cfg(target_os = "macos")]
+    println!("- C\tToggle simple fullscreen mode");
+    println!("- S\tNext screen");
+    println!("- M\tNext mode for this screen");
+    println!("- D\tToggle window decorations");
+    println!("- X\tMaximize window");
+    println!("- Z\tMinimize window");
+
+    event_loop.run(move |event, elwt, control_flow| {
+        control_flow.set_wait();
+
+        match event {
+            Event::WindowEvent { event, .. } => match event {
+                WindowEvent::CloseRequested => control_flow.set_exit(),
+                WindowEvent::KeyboardInput {
+                    input:
+                        KeyboardInput {
+                            virtual_keycode: Some(virtual_code),
+                            state: ElementState::Pressed,
+                            ..
+                        },
+                    ..
+                } => match virtual_code {
+                    VirtualKeyCode::Escape => control_flow.set_exit(),
+                    VirtualKeyCode::F | VirtualKeyCode::B if window.fullscreen().is_some() => {
+                        window.set_fullscreen(None);
+                    }
+                    VirtualKeyCode::F => {
+                        let fullscreen = Some(Fullscreen::Exclusive(mode.clone()));
+                        println!("Setting mode: {fullscreen:?}");
+                        window.set_fullscreen(fullscreen);
+                    }
+                    VirtualKeyCode::B => {
+                        let fullscreen = Some(Fullscreen::Borderless(Some(monitor.clone())));
+                        println!("Setting mode: {fullscreen:?}");
+                        window.set_fullscreen(fullscreen);
+                    }
+                    #[cfg(target_os = "macos")]
+                    VirtualKeyCode::C => {
+                        window.set_simple_fullscreen(!window.simple_fullscreen());
+                    }
+                    VirtualKeyCode::S => {
+                        monitor_index += 1;
+                        if let Some(mon) = elwt.available_monitors().nth(monitor_index) {
+                            monitor = mon;
+                        } else {
+                            monitor_index = 0;
+                            monitor = elwt.available_monitors().next().expect("no monitor found!");
+                        }
+                        println!("Monitor: {:?}", monitor.name());
+
+                        mode_index = 0;
+                        mode = monitor.video_modes().next().expect("no mode found");
+                        println!("Mode: {mode}");
+                    }
+                    VirtualKeyCode::M => {
+                        mode_index += 1;
+                        if let Some(m) = monitor.video_modes().nth(mode_index) {
+                            mode = m;
+                        } else {
+                            mode_index = 0;
+                            mode = monitor.video_modes().next().expect("no mode found");
+                        }
+                        println!("Mode: {mode}");
+                    }
+                    VirtualKeyCode::D => {
+                        decorations = !decorations;
+                        window.set_decorations(decorations);
+                    }
+                    VirtualKeyCode::X => {
+                        let is_maximized = window.is_maximized();
+                        window.set_maximized(!is_maximized);
+                    }
+                    VirtualKeyCode::Z => {
+                        minimized = !minimized;
+                        window.set_minimized(minimized);
+                    }
+                    _ => (),
+                },
+                _ => (),
+            },
+            _ => {}
+        }
+    });
+}

examples/handling_close.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+#![allow(clippy::single_match)]
+
+use simple_logger::SimpleLogger;
+use winit::{
+    event::{Event, KeyboardInput, WindowEvent},
+    event_loop::EventLoop,
+    window::WindowBuilder,
+};
+
+fn main() {
+    SimpleLogger::new().init().unwrap();
+    let event_loop = EventLoop::new();
+
+    let _window = WindowBuilder::new()
+        .with_title("Your faithful window")
+        .build(&event_loop)
+        .unwrap();
+
+    let mut close_requested = false;
+
+    event_loop.run(move |event, _, control_flow| {
+        use winit::event::{
+            ElementState::Released,
+            VirtualKeyCode::{N, Y},
+        };
+        control_flow.set_wait();
+
+        match event {
+            Event::WindowEvent { event, .. } => {
+                match event {
+                    WindowEvent::CloseRequested => {
+                        // `CloseRequested` is sent when the close button on the window is pressed (or
+                        // through whatever other mechanisms the window manager provides for closing a
+                        // window). If you don't handle this event, the close button won't actually do
+                        // anything.
+
+                        // A common thing to do here is prompt the user if they have unsaved work.
+                        // Creating a proper dialog box for that is far beyond the scope of this
+                        // example, so here we'll just respond to the Y and N keys.
+                        println!("Are you ready to bid your window farewell? [Y/N]");
+                        close_requested = true;
+
+                        // In applications where you can safely close the window without further
+                        // action from the user, this is generally where you'd handle cleanup before
+                        // closing the window. How to close the window is detailed in the handler for
+                        // the Y key.
+                    }
+                    WindowEvent::KeyboardInput {
+                        input:
+                            KeyboardInput {
+                                virtual_keycode: Some(virtual_code),
+                                state: Released,
+                                ..
+                            },
+                        ..
+                    } => {
+                        match virtual_code {
+                            Y => {
+                                if close_requested {
+                                    // This is where you'll want to do any cleanup you need.
+                                    println!("Buh-bye!");
+
+                                    // For a single-window application like this, you'd normally just
+                                    // break out of the event loop here. If you wanted to keep running the
+                                    // event loop (i.e. if it's a multi-window application), you need to
+                                    // drop the window. That closes it, and results in `Destroyed` being
+                                    // sent.
+                                    control_flow.set_exit();
+                                }
+                            }
+                            N => {
+                                if close_requested {
+                                    println!("Your window will continue to stay by your side.");
+                                    close_requested = false;
+                                }
+                            }
+                            _ => (),
+                        }
+                    }
+                    _ => (),
+                }
+            }
+            _ => (),
+        }
+    });
+}

examples/ime.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,112 @@
+#![allow(clippy::single_match)]
+
+use log::LevelFilter;
+use simple_logger::SimpleLogger;
+use winit::{
+    dpi::PhysicalPosition,
+    event::{ElementState, Event, Ime, VirtualKeyCode, WindowEvent},
+    event_loop::{ControlFlow, EventLoop},
+    window::{ImePurpose, WindowBuilder},
+};
+
+fn main() {
+    SimpleLogger::new()
+        .with_level(LevelFilter::Trace)
+        .init()
+        .unwrap();
+
+    println!("IME position will system default");
+    println!("Click to set IME position to cursor's");
+    println!("Press F2 to toggle IME. See the documentation of `set_ime_allowed` for more info");
+    println!("Press F3 to cycle through IME purposes.");
+
+    let event_loop = EventLoop::new();
+
+    let window = WindowBuilder::new()
+        .with_inner_size(winit::dpi::LogicalSize::new(256f64, 128f64))
+        .build(&event_loop)
+        .unwrap();
+
+    let mut ime_purpose = ImePurpose::Normal;
+    let mut ime_allowed = true;
+    window.set_ime_allowed(ime_allowed);
+
+    let mut may_show_ime = false;
+    let mut cursor_position = PhysicalPosition::new(0.0, 0.0);
+    let mut ime_pos = PhysicalPosition::new(0.0, 0.0);
+
+    event_loop.run(move |event, _, control_flow| {
+        *control_flow = ControlFlow::Wait;
+        match event {
+            Event::WindowEvent {
+                event: WindowEvent::CloseRequested,
+                ..
+            } => *control_flow = ControlFlow::Exit,
+            Event::WindowEvent {
+                event: WindowEvent::CursorMoved { position, .. },
+                ..
+            } => {
+                cursor_position = position;
+            }
+            Event::WindowEvent {
+                event:
+                    WindowEvent::MouseInput {
+                        state: ElementState::Released,
+                        ..
+                    },
+                ..
+            } => {
+                println!(
+                    "Setting ime position to {}, {}",
+                    cursor_position.x, cursor_position.y
+                );
+                ime_pos = cursor_position;
+                if may_show_ime {
+                    window.set_ime_position(ime_pos);
+                }
+            }
+            Event::WindowEvent {
+                event: WindowEvent::Ime(event),
+                ..
+            } => {
+                println!("{event:?}");
+                may_show_ime = event != Ime::Disabled;
+                if may_show_ime {
+                    window.set_ime_position(ime_pos);
+                }
+            }
+            Event::WindowEvent {
+                event: WindowEvent::ReceivedCharacter(ch),
+                ..
+            } => {
+                println!("ch: {ch:?}");
+            }
+            Event::WindowEvent {
+                event: WindowEvent::KeyboardInput { input, .. },
+                ..
+            } => {
+                println!("key: {input:?}");
+
+                if input.state == ElementState::Pressed
+                    && input.virtual_keycode == Some(VirtualKeyCode::F2)
+                {
+                    ime_allowed = !ime_allowed;
+                    window.set_ime_allowed(ime_allowed);
+                    println!("\nIME allowed: {ime_allowed}\n");
+                }
+                if input.state == ElementState::Pressed
+                    && input.virtual_keycode == Some(VirtualKeyCode::F3)
+                {
+                    ime_purpose = match ime_purpose {
+                        ImePurpose::Normal => ImePurpose::Password,
+                        ImePurpose::Password => ImePurpose::Terminal,
+                        _ => ImePurpose::Normal,
+                    };
+                    window.set_ime_purpose(ime_purpose);
+                    println!("\nIME purpose: {ime_purpose:?}\n");
+                }
+            }
+            _ => (),
+        }
+    });
+}

examples/monitor_list.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+#![allow(clippy::single_match)]
+
+use simple_logger::SimpleLogger;
+use winit::dpi::{PhysicalPosition, PhysicalSize};
+use winit::monitor::MonitorHandle;
+use winit::{event_loop::EventLoop, window::WindowBuilder};
+
+fn main() {
+    SimpleLogger::new().init().unwrap();
+    let event_loop = EventLoop::new();
+    let window = WindowBuilder::new().build(&event_loop).unwrap();
+
+    if let Some(mon) = window.primary_monitor() {
+        print_info("Primary output", mon);
+    }
+
+    for mon in window.available_monitors() {
+        if Some(&mon) == window.primary_monitor().as_ref() {
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        println!();
+        print_info("Output", mon);
+    }
+}
+
+fn print_info(intro: &str, monitor: MonitorHandle) {
+    if let Some(name) = monitor.name() {
+        println!("{intro}: {name}");
+    } else {
+        println!("{intro}: [no name]");
+    }
+
+    let PhysicalSize { width, height } = monitor.size();
+    print!("  Current mode: {width}x{height}");
+    if let Some(m_hz) = monitor.refresh_rate_millihertz() {
+        println!(" @ {}.{} Hz", m_hz / 1000, m_hz % 1000);
+    } else {
+        println!();
+    }
+
+    let PhysicalPosition { x, y } = monitor.position();
+    println!("  Position: {x},{y}");
+
+    println!("  Scale factor: {}", monitor.scale_factor());
+
+    println!("  Available modes (width x height x bit-depth):");
+    for mode in monitor.video_modes() {
+        let PhysicalSize { width, height } = mode.size();
+        let bits = mode.bit_depth();
+        let m_hz = mode.refresh_rate_millihertz();
+        println!(
+            "    {width}x{height}x{bits} @ {}.{} Hz",
+            m_hz / 1000,
+            m_hz % 1000
+        );
+    }
+}

examples/mouse_wheel.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+#![allow(clippy::single_match)]
+
+use simple_logger::SimpleLogger;
+use winit::{
+    event::{Event, WindowEvent},
+    event_loop::EventLoop,
+    window::WindowBuilder,
+};
+
+fn main() {
+    SimpleLogger::new().init().unwrap();
+    let event_loop = EventLoop::new();
+
+    let window = WindowBuilder::new()
+        .with_title("Mouse Wheel events")
+        .build(&event_loop)
+        .unwrap();
+
+    println!(
+        r"
+When using so called 'natural scrolling' (scrolling that acts like on a touch screen), this is what to expect:
+
+Moving your finger downwards on a scroll wheel should make the window move down, and you should see a positive Y scroll value.
+
+When moving fingers on a trackpad down and to the right, you should see positive X and Y deltas, and the window should move down and to the right.
+
+With reverse scrolling, you should see the inverse behavior.
+
+In both cases the example window should move like the content of a scroll area in any other application.
+
+In other words, the deltas indicate the direction in which to move the content (in this case the window)."
+    );
+
+    event_loop.run(move |event, _, control_flow| {
+        control_flow.set_wait();
+
+        match event {
+            Event::WindowEvent { event, .. } => match event {
+                WindowEvent::CloseRequested => control_flow.set_exit(),
+                WindowEvent::MouseWheel { delta, .. } => match delta {
+                    winit::event::MouseScrollDelta::LineDelta(x, y) => {
+                        println!("mouse wheel Line Delta: ({x},{y})");
+                        let pixels_per_line = 120.0;
+                        let mut pos = window.outer_position().unwrap();
+                        pos.x += (x * pixels_per_line) as i32;
+                        pos.y += (y * pixels_per_line) as i32;
+                        window.set_outer_position(pos)
+                    }
+                    winit::event::MouseScrollDelta::PixelDelta(p) => {
+                        println!("mouse wheel Pixel Delta: ({},{})", p.x, p.y);
+                        let mut pos = window.outer_position().unwrap();
+                        pos.x += p.x as i32;
+                        pos.y += p.y as i32;
+                        window.set_outer_position(pos)
+                    }
+                },
+                _ => (),
+            },
+            _ => (),
+        }
+    });
+}

examples/multithreaded.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,199 @@
+#![allow(clippy::single_match)]
+
+#[cfg(not(wasm_platform))]
+fn main() {
+    use std::{collections::HashMap, sync::mpsc, thread, time::Duration};
+
+    use simple_logger::SimpleLogger;
+    use winit::{
+        dpi::{PhysicalPosition, PhysicalSize, Position, Size},
+        event::{ElementState, Event, KeyboardInput, VirtualKeyCode, WindowEvent},
+        event_loop::EventLoop,
+        window::{CursorGrabMode, CursorIcon, Fullscreen, WindowBuilder, WindowLevel},
+    };
+
+    const WINDOW_COUNT: usize = 3;
+    const WINDOW_SIZE: PhysicalSize<u32> = PhysicalSize::new(600, 400);
+
+    SimpleLogger::new().init().unwrap();
+    let event_loop = EventLoop::new();
+    let mut window_senders = HashMap::with_capacity(WINDOW_COUNT);
+    for _ in 0..WINDOW_COUNT {
+        let window = WindowBuilder::new()
+            .with_inner_size(WINDOW_SIZE)
+            .build(&event_loop)
+            .unwrap();
+
+        let mut video_modes: Vec<_> = window.current_monitor().unwrap().video_modes().collect();
+        let mut video_mode_id = 0usize;
+
+        let (tx, rx) = mpsc::channel();
+        window_senders.insert(window.id(), tx);
+        thread::spawn(move || {
+            while let Ok(event) = rx.recv() {
+                match event {
+                    WindowEvent::Moved { .. } => {
+                        // We need to update our chosen video mode if the window
+                        // was moved to an another monitor, so that the window
+                        // appears on this monitor instead when we go fullscreen
+                        let previous_video_mode = video_modes.get(video_mode_id).cloned();
+                        video_modes = window.current_monitor().unwrap().video_modes().collect();
+                        video_mode_id = video_mode_id.min(video_modes.len());
+                        let video_mode = video_modes.get(video_mode_id);
+
+                        // Different monitors may support different video modes,
+                        // and the index we chose previously may now point to a
+                        // completely different video mode, so notify the user
+                        if video_mode != previous_video_mode.as_ref() {
+                            println!(
+                                "Window moved to another monitor, picked video mode: {}",
+                                video_modes.get(video_mode_id).unwrap()
+                            );
+                        }
+                    }
+                    #[allow(deprecated)]
+                    WindowEvent::KeyboardInput {
+                        input:
+                            KeyboardInput {
+                                state: ElementState::Released,
+                                virtual_keycode: Some(key),
+                                modifiers,
+                                ..
+                            },
+                        ..
+                    } => {
+                        window.set_title(&format!("{key:?}"));
+                        let state = !modifiers.shift();
+                        use VirtualKeyCode::*;
+                        match key {
+                            Key1 => window.set_window_level(WindowLevel::AlwaysOnTop),
+                            Key2 => window.set_window_level(WindowLevel::AlwaysOnBottom),
+                            Key3 => window.set_window_level(WindowLevel::Normal),
+                            C => window.set_cursor_icon(match state {
+                                true => CursorIcon::Progress,
+                                false => CursorIcon::Default,
+                            }),
+                            D => window.set_decorations(!state),
+                            // Cycle through video modes
+                            Right | Left => {
+                                video_mode_id = match key {
+                                    Left => video_mode_id.saturating_sub(1),
+                                    Right => (video_modes.len() - 1).min(video_mode_id + 1),
+                                    _ => unreachable!(),
+                                };
+                                println!("Picking video mode: {}", video_modes[video_mode_id]);
+                            }
+                            F => window.set_fullscreen(match (state, modifiers.alt()) {
+                                (true, false) => Some(Fullscreen::Borderless(None)),
+                                (true, true) => {
+                                    Some(Fullscreen::Exclusive(video_modes[video_mode_id].clone()))
+                                }
+                                (false, _) => None,
+                            }),
+                            L if state => {
+                                if let Err(err) = window.set_cursor_grab(CursorGrabMode::Locked) {
+                                    println!("error: {err}");
+                                }
+                            }
+                            G if state => {
+                                if let Err(err) = window.set_cursor_grab(CursorGrabMode::Confined) {
+                                    println!("error: {err}");
+                                }
+                            }
+                            G | L if !state => {
+                                if let Err(err) = window.set_cursor_grab(CursorGrabMode::None) {
+                                    println!("error: {err}");
+                                }
+                            }
+                            H => window.set_cursor_visible(!state),
+                            I => {
+                                println!("Info:");
+                                println!("-> outer_position : {:?}", window.outer_position());
+                                println!("-> inner_position : {:?}", window.inner_position());
+                                println!("-> outer_size     : {:?}", window.outer_size());
+                                println!("-> inner_size     : {:?}", window.inner_size());
+                                println!("-> fullscreen     : {:?}", window.fullscreen());
+                            }
+                            L => window.set_min_inner_size(match state {
+                                true => Some(WINDOW_SIZE),
+                                false => None,
+                            }),
+                            M => window.set_maximized(state),
+                            P => window.set_outer_position({
+                                let mut position = window.outer_position().unwrap();
+                                let sign = if state { 1 } else { -1 };
+                                position.x += 10 * sign;
+                                position.y += 10 * sign;
+                                position
+                            }),
+                            Q => window.request_redraw(),
+                            R => window.set_resizable(state),
+                            S => window.set_inner_size(match state {
+                                true => PhysicalSize::new(
+                                    WINDOW_SIZE.width + 100,
+                                    WINDOW_SIZE.height + 100,
+                                ),
+                                false => WINDOW_SIZE,
+                            }),
+                            W => {
+                                if let Size::Physical(size) = WINDOW_SIZE.into() {
+                                    window
+                                        .set_cursor_position(Position::Physical(
+                                            PhysicalPosition::new(
+                                                size.width as i32 / 2,
+                                                size.height as i32 / 2,
+                                            ),
+                                        ))
+                                        .unwrap()
+                                }
+                            }
+                            Z => {
+                                window.set_visible(false);
+                                thread::sleep(Duration::from_secs(1));
+                                window.set_visible(true);
+                            }
+                            _ => (),
+                        }
+                    }
+                    _ => (),
+                }
+            }
+        });
+    }
+    event_loop.run(move |event, _event_loop, control_flow| {
+        match !window_senders.is_empty() {
+            true => control_flow.set_wait(),
+            false => control_flow.set_exit(),
+        };
+        match event {
+            Event::WindowEvent { event, window_id } => match event {
+                WindowEvent::CloseRequested
+                | WindowEvent::Destroyed
+                | WindowEvent::KeyboardInput {
+                    input:
+                        KeyboardInput {
+                            state: ElementState::Released,
+                            virtual_keycode: Some(VirtualKeyCode::Escape),
+                            ..
+                        },
+                    ..
+                } => {
+                    window_senders.remove(&window_id);
+                }
+                _ => {
+                    if let Some(tx) = window_senders.get(&window_id) {
+                        if let Some(event) = event.to_static() {
+                            tx.send(event).unwrap();
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            },
+            _ => {}
+        }
+    })
+}
+
+#[cfg(wasm_platform)]
+fn main() {
+    panic!("Example not supported on Wasm");
+}

examples/multiwindow.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+#![allow(clippy::single_match)]
+
+use std::collections::HashMap;
+
+use simple_logger::SimpleLogger;
+use winit::{
+    event::{ElementState, Event, KeyboardInput, VirtualKeyCode, WindowEvent},
+    event_loop::EventLoop,
+    window::Window,
+};
+
+fn main() {
+    SimpleLogger::new().init().unwrap();
+    let event_loop = EventLoop::new();
+
+    let mut windows = HashMap::new();
+    for _ in 0..3 {
+        let window = Window::new(&event_loop).unwrap();
+        println!("Opened a new window: {:?}", window.id());
+        windows.insert(window.id(), window);
+    }
+
+    println!("Press N to open a new window.");
+
+    event_loop.run(move |event, event_loop, control_flow| {
+        control_flow.set_wait();
+
+        match event {
+            Event::WindowEvent { event, window_id } => {
+                match event {
+                    WindowEvent::CloseRequested => {
+                        println!("Window {window_id:?} has received the signal to close");
+
+                        // This drops the window, causing it to close.
+                        windows.remove(&window_id);
+
+                        if windows.is_empty() {
+                            control_flow.set_exit();
+                        }
+                    }
+                    WindowEvent::KeyboardInput {
+                        input:
+                            KeyboardInput {
+                                state: ElementState::Pressed,
+                                virtual_keycode: Some(VirtualKeyCode::N),
+                                ..
+                            },
+                        is_synthetic: false,
+                        ..
+                    } => {
+                        let window = Window::new(event_loop).unwrap();
+                        println!("Opened a new window: {:?}", window.id());
+                        windows.insert(window.id(), window);
+                    }
+                    _ => (),
+                }
+            }
+            _ => (),
+        }
+    })
+}

examples/pump_events.rs

@@ -1,80 +0,0 @@
-#![allow(clippy::single_match)]
-
-// Limit this example to only compatible platforms.
-#[cfg(any(windows_platform, macos_platform, x11_platform, wayland_platform, android_platform,))]
-fn main() -> std::process::ExitCode {
-    use std::process::ExitCode;
-    use std::thread::sleep;
-    use std::time::Duration;
-
-    use winit::application::ApplicationHandler;
-    use winit::event::WindowEvent;
-    use winit::event_loop::pump_events::{EventLoopExtPumpEvents, PumpStatus};
-    use winit::event_loop::{ActiveEventLoop, EventLoop};
-    use winit::window::{Window, WindowAttributes, WindowId};
-
-    #[path = "util/fill.rs"]
-    mod fill;
-
-    #[derive(Default, Debug)]
-    struct PumpDemo {
-        window: Option<Box<dyn Window>>,
-    }
-
-    impl ApplicationHandler for PumpDemo {
-        fn can_create_surfaces(&mut self, event_loop: &dyn ActiveEventLoop) {
-            let window_attributes = WindowAttributes::default().with_title("A fantastic window!");
-            self.window = Some(event_loop.create_window(window_attributes).unwrap());
-        }
-
-        fn window_event(
-            &mut self,
-            event_loop: &dyn ActiveEventLoop,
-            _window_id: WindowId,
-            event: WindowEvent,
-        ) {
-            println!("{event:?}");
-
-            let window = match self.window.as_ref() {
-                Some(window) => window,
-                None => return,
-            };
-
-            match event {
-                WindowEvent::CloseRequested => event_loop.exit(),
-                WindowEvent::RedrawRequested => {
-                    fill::fill_window(window.as_ref());
-                    window.request_redraw();
-                },
-                _ => (),
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    let mut event_loop = EventLoop::new().unwrap();
-
-    tracing_subscriber::fmt::init();
-
-    let mut app = PumpDemo::default();
-
-    loop {
-        let timeout = Some(Duration::ZERO);
-        let status = event_loop.pump_app_events(timeout, &mut app);
-
-        if let PumpStatus::Exit(exit_code) = status {
-            break ExitCode::from(exit_code as u8);
-        }
-
-        // Sleep for 1/60 second to simulate application work
-        //
-        // Since `pump_events` doesn't block it will be important to
-        // throttle the loop in the app somehow.
-        println!("Update()");
-        sleep(Duration::from_millis(16));
-    }
-}
-
-#[cfg(any(ios_platform, web_platform, orbital_platform))]
-fn main() {
-    println!("This platform doesn't support pump_events.");
-}

examples/request_redraw.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+#![allow(clippy::single_match)]
+
+use simple_logger::SimpleLogger;
+use winit::{
+    event::{ElementState, Event, WindowEvent},
+    event_loop::EventLoop,
+    window::WindowBuilder,
+};
+
+fn main() {
+    SimpleLogger::new().init().unwrap();
+    let event_loop = EventLoop::new();
+
+    let window = WindowBuilder::new()
+        .with_title("A fantastic window!")
+        .build(&event_loop)
+        .unwrap();
+
+    event_loop.run(move |event, _, control_flow| {
+        println!("{event:?}");
+
+        control_flow.set_wait();
+
+        match event {
+            Event::WindowEvent { event, .. } => match event {
+                WindowEvent::CloseRequested => control_flow.set_exit(),
+                WindowEvent::MouseInput {
+                    state: ElementState::Released,
+                    ..
+                } => {
+                    window.request_redraw();
+                }
+                _ => (),
+            },
+            Event::RedrawRequested(_) => {
+                println!("\nredrawing!\n");
+            }
+            _ => (),
+        }
+    });
+}

examples/request_redraw_threaded.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+#![allow(clippy::single_match)]
+
+#[cfg(not(wasm_platform))]
+fn main() {
+    use std::{thread, time};
+
+    use simple_logger::SimpleLogger;
+    use winit::{
+        event::{Event, WindowEvent},
+        event_loop::EventLoop,
+        window::WindowBuilder,
+    };
+
+    SimpleLogger::new().init().unwrap();
+    let event_loop = EventLoop::new();
+
+    let window = WindowBuilder::new()
+        .with_title("A fantastic window!")
+        .build(&event_loop)
+        .unwrap();
+
+    thread::spawn(move || loop {
+        thread::sleep(time::Duration::from_secs(1));
+        window.request_redraw();
+    });
+
+    event_loop.run(move |event, _, control_flow| {
+        println!("{event:?}");
+
+        control_flow.set_wait();
+
+        match event {
+            Event::WindowEvent {
+                event: WindowEvent::CloseRequested,
+                ..
+            } => control_flow.set_exit(),
+            Event::RedrawRequested(_) => {
+                println!("\nredrawing!\n");
+            }
+            _ => (),
+        }
+    });
+}
+
+#[cfg(wasm_platform)]
+fn main() {
+    unimplemented!() // `Window` can't be sent between threads
+}

examples/resizable.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+#![allow(clippy::single_match)]
+
+use simple_logger::SimpleLogger;
+use winit::{
+    dpi::LogicalSize,
+    event::{ElementState, Event, KeyboardInput, VirtualKeyCode, WindowEvent},
+    event_loop::EventLoop,
+    window::WindowBuilder,
+};
+
+fn main() {
+    SimpleLogger::new().init().unwrap();
+    let event_loop = EventLoop::new();
+
+    let mut resizable = false;
+
+    let window = WindowBuilder::new()
+        .with_title("Hit space to toggle resizability.")
+        .with_inner_size(LogicalSize::new(600.0, 300.0))
+        .with_min_inner_size(LogicalSize::new(400.0, 200.0))
+        .with_max_inner_size(LogicalSize::new(800.0, 400.0))
+        .with_resizable(resizable)
+        .build(&event_loop)
+        .unwrap();
+
+    event_loop.run(move |event, _, control_flow| {
+        control_flow.set_wait();
+
+        match event {
+            Event::WindowEvent { event, .. } => match event {
+                WindowEvent::CloseRequested => control_flow.set_exit(),
+                WindowEvent::KeyboardInput {
+                    input:
+                        KeyboardInput {
+                            virtual_keycode: Some(VirtualKeyCode::Space),
+                            state: ElementState::Released,
+                            ..
+                        },
+                    ..
+                } => {
+                    resizable = !resizable;
+                    println!("Resizable: {resizable}");
+                    window.set_resizable(resizable);
+                }
+                _ => (),
+            },
+            _ => (),
+        };
+    });
+}

examples/run_on_demand.rs

@@ -1,99 +0,0 @@
-#![allow(clippy::single_match)]
-
-// Limit this example to only compatible platforms.
-#[cfg(any(windows_platform, macos_platform, x11_platform, wayland_platform,))]
-fn main() -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
-    use std::time::Duration;
-
-    use winit::application::ApplicationHandler;
-    use winit::event::WindowEvent;
-    use winit::event_loop::run_on_demand::EventLoopExtRunOnDemand;
-    use winit::event_loop::{ActiveEventLoop, EventLoop};
-    use winit::window::{Window, WindowAttributes, WindowId};
-
-    #[path = "util/fill.rs"]
-    mod fill;
-
-    #[derive(Default, Debug)]
-    struct App {
-        idx: usize,
-        window_id: Option<WindowId>,
-        window: Option<Box<dyn Window>>,
-    }
-
-    impl ApplicationHandler for App {
-        fn about_to_wait(&mut self, _event_loop: &dyn ActiveEventLoop) {
-            if let Some(window) = self.window.as_ref() {
-                window.request_redraw();
-            }
-        }
-
-        fn can_create_surfaces(&mut self, event_loop: &dyn ActiveEventLoop) {
-            let window_attributes = WindowAttributes::default()
-                .with_title("Fantastic window number one!")
-                .with_surface_size(winit::dpi::LogicalSize::new(128.0, 128.0));
-            let window = event_loop.create_window(window_attributes).unwrap();
-            self.window_id = Some(window.id());
-            self.window = Some(window);
-        }
-
-        fn window_event(
-            &mut self,
-            event_loop: &dyn ActiveEventLoop,
-            window_id: WindowId,
-            event: WindowEvent,
-        ) {
-            if event == WindowEvent::Destroyed && self.window_id == Some(window_id) {
-                println!(
-                    "--------------------------------------------------------- Window {} Destroyed",
-                    self.idx
-                );
-                self.window_id = None;
-                event_loop.exit();
-                return;
-            }
-
-            let window = match self.window.as_mut() {
-                Some(window) => window,
-                None => return,
-            };
-
-            match event {
-                WindowEvent::CloseRequested => {
-                    println!(
-                        "--------------------------------------------------------- Window {} \
-                         CloseRequested",
-                        self.idx
-                    );
-                    fill::cleanup_window(window.as_ref());
-                    self.window = None;
-                },
-                WindowEvent::RedrawRequested => {
-                    fill::fill_window(window.as_ref());
-                },
-                _ => (),
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    tracing_subscriber::fmt::init();
-
-    let mut event_loop = EventLoop::new().unwrap();
-
-    let mut app = App { idx: 1, ..Default::default() };
-    event_loop.run_app_on_demand(&mut app)?;
-
-    println!("--------------------------------------------------------- Finished first loop");
-    println!("--------------------------------------------------------- Waiting 5 seconds");
-    std::thread::sleep(Duration::from_secs(5));
-
-    app.idx += 1;
-    event_loop.run_app_on_demand(&mut app)?;
-    println!("--------------------------------------------------------- Finished second loop");
-    Ok(())
-}
-
-#[cfg(not(any(windows_platform, macos_platform, x11_platform, wayland_platform,)))]
-fn main() {
-    println!("This example is not supported on this platform");
-}

examples/theme.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+#![allow(clippy::single_match)]
+
+use simple_logger::SimpleLogger;
+use winit::{
+    event::{ElementState, Event, KeyboardInput, VirtualKeyCode, WindowEvent},
+    event_loop::{ControlFlow, EventLoop},
+    window::{Theme, WindowBuilder},
+};
+
+fn main() {
+    SimpleLogger::new().init().unwrap();
+    let event_loop = EventLoop::new();
+
+    let window = WindowBuilder::new()
+        .with_title("A fantastic window!")
+        .with_theme(Some(Theme::Dark))
+        .build(&event_loop)
+        .unwrap();
+
+    println!("Initial theme: {:?}", window.theme());
+    println!("debugging keys:");
+    println!("  (A) Automatic theme");
+    println!("  (L) Light theme");
+    println!("  (D) Dark theme");
+
+    event_loop.run(move |event, _, control_flow| {
+        *control_flow = ControlFlow::Wait;
+
+        match event {
+            Event::WindowEvent {
+                event: WindowEvent::CloseRequested,
+                ..
+            } => *control_flow = ControlFlow::Exit,
+            Event::WindowEvent {
+                event: WindowEvent::ThemeChanged(theme),
+                window_id,
+                ..
+            } if window_id == window.id() => {
+                println!("Theme is changed: {theme:?}")
+            }
+            Event::WindowEvent {
+                event:
+                    WindowEvent::KeyboardInput {
+                        input:
+                            KeyboardInput {
+                                virtual_keycode: Some(key),
+                                state: ElementState::Pressed,
+                                ..
+                            },
+                        ..
+                    },
+                ..
+            } => match key {
+                VirtualKeyCode::A => {
+                    println!("Theme was: {:?}", window.theme());
+                    window.set_theme(None);
+                }
+                VirtualKeyCode::L => {
+                    println!("Theme was: {:?}", window.theme());
+                    window.set_theme(Some(Theme::Light));
+                }
+                VirtualKeyCode::D => {
+                    println!("Theme was: {:?}", window.theme());
+                    window.set_theme(Some(Theme::Dark));
+                }
+                _ => (),
+            },
+            _ => (),
+        }
+    });
+}

examples/timer.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+#![allow(clippy::single_match)]
+
+use instant::Instant;
+use std::time::Duration;
+
+use simple_logger::SimpleLogger;
+use winit::{
+    event::{Event, StartCause, WindowEvent},
+    event_loop::EventLoop,
+    window::WindowBuilder,
+};
+
+fn main() {
+    SimpleLogger::new().init().unwrap();
+    let event_loop = EventLoop::new();
+
+    let _window = WindowBuilder::new()
+        .with_title("A fantastic window!")
+        .build(&event_loop)
+        .unwrap();
+
+    let timer_length = Duration::new(1, 0);
+
+    event_loop.run(move |event, _, control_flow| {
+        println!("{event:?}");
+
+        match event {
+            Event::NewEvents(StartCause::Init) => {
+                control_flow.set_wait_until(Instant::now() + timer_length);
+            }
+            Event::NewEvents(StartCause::ResumeTimeReached { .. }) => {
+                control_flow.set_wait_until(Instant::now() + timer_length);
+                println!("\nTimer\n");
+            }
+            Event::WindowEvent {
+                event: WindowEvent::CloseRequested,
+                ..
+            } => control_flow.set_exit(),
+            _ => (),
+        }
+    });
+}

examples/touchpad_gestures.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+use simple_logger::SimpleLogger;
+use winit::{
+    event::{Event, WindowEvent},
+    event_loop::{ControlFlow, EventLoop},
+    window::WindowBuilder,
+};
+
+fn main() {
+    SimpleLogger::new().init().unwrap();
+    let event_loop = EventLoop::new();
+
+    let _window = WindowBuilder::new()
+        .with_title("Touchpad gestures")
+        .build(&event_loop)
+        .unwrap();
+
+    println!("Only supported on macOS at the moment.");
+
+    event_loop.run(move |event, _, control_flow| {
+        *control_flow = ControlFlow::Wait;
+
+        if let Event::WindowEvent { event, .. } = event {
+            match event {
+                WindowEvent::CloseRequested => *control_flow = ControlFlow::Exit,
+                WindowEvent::TouchpadMagnify { delta, .. } => {
+                    if delta > 0.0 {
+                        println!("Zoomed in {delta}");
+                    } else {
+                        println!("Zoomed out {delta}");
+                    }
+                }
+                WindowEvent::SmartMagnify { .. } => {
+                    println!("Smart zoom");
+                }
+                WindowEvent::TouchpadRotate { delta, .. } => {
+                    if delta > 0.0 {
+                        println!("Rotated counterclockwise {delta}");
+                    } else {
+                        println!("Rotated clockwise {delta}");
+                    }
+                }
+                _ => (),
+            }
+        }
+    });
+}

examples/transparent.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+#![allow(clippy::single_match)]
+
+use simple_logger::SimpleLogger;
+use winit::{
+    event::{Event, WindowEvent},
+    event_loop::EventLoop,
+    window::WindowBuilder,
+};
+
+fn main() {
+    SimpleLogger::new().init().unwrap();
+    let event_loop = EventLoop::new();
+
+    let window = WindowBuilder::new()
+        .with_decorations(false)
+        .with_transparent(true)
+        .build(&event_loop)
+        .unwrap();
+
+    window.set_title("A fantastic window!");
+
+    event_loop.run(move |event, _, control_flow| {
+        control_flow.set_wait();
+        println!("{event:?}");
+
+        match event {
+            Event::WindowEvent {
+                event: WindowEvent::CloseRequested,
+                ..
+            } => control_flow.set_exit(),
+            _ => (),
+        }
+    });
+}

examples/util/fill.rs

@@ -1,156 +0,0 @@
-//! Fill the window buffer with a solid color.
-//!
-//! Launching a window without drawing to it has unpredictable results varying from platform to
-//! platform. In order to have well-defined examples, this module provides an easy way to
-//! fill the window buffer with a solid color.
-//!
-//! The `softbuffer` crate is used, largely because of its ease of use. `glutin` or `wgpu` could
-//! also be used to fill the window buffer, but they are more complicated to use.
-
-#[allow(unused_imports)]
-pub use platform::cleanup_window;
-#[allow(unused_imports)]
-pub use platform::fill_window;
-#[allow(unused_imports)]
-pub use platform::fill_window_with_animated_color;
-#[allow(unused_imports)]
-pub use platform::fill_window_with_color;
-
-#[cfg(not(any(target_os = "android", target_os = "ios")))]
-mod platform {
-    use std::cell::RefCell;
-    use std::collections::HashMap;
-    use std::mem;
-    use std::mem::ManuallyDrop;
-    use std::num::NonZeroU32;
-    #[cfg(all(not(android_platform), not(web_platform)))]
-    use std::time::Instant;
-
-    use softbuffer::{Context, Surface};
-    #[cfg(all(web_platform, not(android_platform)))]
-    use web_time::Instant;
-    use winit::window::{Window, WindowId};
-
-    thread_local! {
-        // NOTE: You should never do things like that, create context and drop it before
-        // you drop the event loop. We do this for brevity to not blow up examples. We use
-        // ManuallyDrop to prevent destructors from running.
-        //
-        // A static, thread-local map of graphics contexts to open windows.
-        static GC: ManuallyDrop<RefCell<Option<GraphicsContext>>> = const { ManuallyDrop::new(RefCell::new(None)) };
-    }
-
-    /// The graphics context used to draw to a window.
-    struct GraphicsContext {
-        /// The global softbuffer context.
-        context: RefCell<Context<&'static dyn Window>>,
-
-        /// The hash map of window IDs to surfaces.
-        surfaces: HashMap<WindowId, Surface<&'static dyn Window, &'static dyn Window>>,
-    }
-
-    impl GraphicsContext {
-        fn new(w: &dyn Window) -> Self {
-            Self {
-                context: RefCell::new(
-                    Context::new(unsafe {
-                        mem::transmute::<&'_ dyn Window, &'static dyn Window>(w)
-                    })
-                    .expect("Failed to create a softbuffer context"),
-                ),
-                surfaces: HashMap::new(),
-            }
-        }
-
-        fn create_surface(
-            &mut self,
-            window: &dyn Window,
-        ) -> &mut Surface<&'static dyn Window, &'static dyn Window> {
-            self.surfaces.entry(window.id()).or_insert_with(|| {
-                Surface::new(&self.context.borrow(), unsafe {
-                    mem::transmute::<&'_ dyn Window, &'static dyn Window>(window)
-                })
-                .expect("Failed to create a softbuffer surface")
-            })
-        }
-
-        fn destroy_surface(&mut self, window: &dyn Window) {
-            self.surfaces.remove(&window.id());
-        }
-    }
-
-    pub fn fill_window_with_color(window: &dyn Window, color: u32) {
-        GC.with(|gc| {
-            let size = window.surface_size();
-            let (Some(width), Some(height)) =
-                (NonZeroU32::new(size.width), NonZeroU32::new(size.height))
-            else {
-                return;
-            };
-
-            // Either get the last context used or create a new one.
-            let mut gc = gc.borrow_mut();
-            let surface =
-                gc.get_or_insert_with(|| GraphicsContext::new(window)).create_surface(window);
-
-            // Fill a buffer with a solid color
-
-            surface.resize(width, height).expect("Failed to resize the softbuffer surface");
-
-            let mut buffer = surface.buffer_mut().expect("Failed to get the softbuffer buffer");
-            buffer.fill(color);
-            buffer.present().expect("Failed to present the softbuffer buffer");
-        })
-    }
-
-    #[allow(dead_code)]
-    pub fn fill_window(window: &dyn Window) {
-        fill_window_with_color(window, 0xff181818);
-    }
-
-    #[allow(dead_code)]
-    pub fn fill_window_with_animated_color(window: &dyn Window, start: Instant) {
-        let time = start.elapsed().as_secs_f32() * 1.5;
-        let blue = (time.sin() * 255.0) as u32;
-        let green = ((time.cos() * 255.0) as u32) << 8;
-        let red = ((1.0 - time.sin() * 255.0) as u32) << 16;
-        let color = red | green | blue;
-        fill_window_with_color(window, color);
-    }
-
-    #[allow(dead_code)]
-    pub fn cleanup_window(window: &dyn Window) {
-        GC.with(|gc| {
-            let mut gc = gc.borrow_mut();
-            if let Some(context) = gc.as_mut() {
-                context.destroy_surface(window);
-            }
-        });
-    }
-}
-
-#[cfg(any(target_os = "android", target_os = "ios"))]
-mod platform {
-    #[allow(dead_code)]
-    pub fn fill_window(_window: &dyn winit::window::Window) {
-        // No-op on mobile platforms.
-    }
-
-    #[allow(dead_code)]
-    pub fn fill_window_with_color(_window: &dyn winit::window::Window, _color: u32) {
-        // No-op on mobile platforms.
-    }
-
-    #[allow(dead_code)]
-    pub fn fill_window_with_animated_color(
-        _window: &dyn winit::window::Window,
-        _start: std::time::Instant,
-    ) {
-        // No-op on mobile platforms.
-    }
-
-    #[allow(dead_code)]
-    pub fn cleanup_window(_window: &dyn winit::window::Window) {
-        // No-op on mobile platforms.
-    }
-}

examples/util/tracing.rs

@@ -1,25 +0,0 @@
-#[cfg(not(web_platform))]
-pub fn init() {
-    use tracing_subscriber::filter::{EnvFilter, LevelFilter};
-
-    tracing_subscriber::fmt()
-        .with_env_filter(
-            EnvFilter::builder().with_default_directive(LevelFilter::INFO.into()).from_env_lossy(),
-        )
-        .init();
-}
-
-#[cfg(web_platform)]
-pub fn init() {
-    use tracing_subscriber::layer::SubscriberExt;
-    use tracing_subscriber::util::SubscriberInitExt;
-
-    tracing_subscriber::registry()
-        .with(
-            tracing_subscriber::fmt::layer()
-                .with_ansi(false)
-                .without_time()
-                .with_writer(tracing_web::MakeWebConsoleWriter::new()),
-        )
-        .init();
-}

examples/video_modes.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+#![allow(clippy::single_match)]
+
+use simple_logger::SimpleLogger;
+use winit::event_loop::EventLoop;
+
+fn main() {
+    SimpleLogger::new().init().unwrap();
+    let event_loop = EventLoop::new();
+    let monitor = match event_loop.primary_monitor() {
+        Some(monitor) => monitor,
+        None => {
+            println!("No primary monitor detected.");
+            return;
+        }
+    };
+
+    println!("Listing available video modes:");
+
+    for mode in monitor.video_modes() {
+        println!("{mode}");
+    }
+}

examples/web.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+#![allow(clippy::single_match)]
+
+use winit::{
+    event::{Event, WindowEvent},
+    event_loop::EventLoop,
+    window::WindowBuilder,
+};
+
+pub fn main() {
+    let event_loop = EventLoop::new();
+
+    let window = WindowBuilder::new()
+        .with_title("A fantastic window!")
+        .build(&event_loop)
+        .unwrap();
+
+    #[cfg(wasm_platform)]
+    let log_list = wasm::insert_canvas_and_create_log_list(&window);
+
+    event_loop.run(move |event, _, control_flow| {
+        control_flow.set_wait();
+
+        #[cfg(wasm_platform)]
+        wasm::log_event(&log_list, &event);
+
+        match event {
+            Event::WindowEvent {
+                event: WindowEvent::CloseRequested,
+                window_id,
+            } if window_id == window.id() => control_flow.set_exit(),
+            Event::MainEventsCleared => {
+                window.request_redraw();
+            }
+            _ => (),
+        }
+    });
+}
+
+#[cfg(wasm_platform)]
+mod wasm {
+    use wasm_bindgen::prelude::*;
+    use winit::{event::Event, window::Window};
+
+    #[wasm_bindgen(start)]
+    pub fn run() {
+        console_log::init_with_level(log::Level::Debug).expect("error initializing logger");
+
+        #[allow(clippy::main_recursion)]
+        super::main();
+    }
+
+    pub fn insert_canvas_and_create_log_list(window: &Window) -> web_sys::Element {
+        use winit::platform::web::WindowExtWebSys;
+
+        let canvas = window.canvas();
+
+        let window = web_sys::window().unwrap();
+        let document = window.document().unwrap();
+        let body = document.body().unwrap();
+
+        // Set a background color for the canvas to make it easier to tell where the canvas is for debugging purposes.
+        canvas.style().set_css_text("background-color: crimson;");
+        body.append_child(&canvas).unwrap();
+
+        let log_header = document.create_element("h2").unwrap();
+        log_header.set_text_content(Some("Event Log"));
+        body.append_child(&log_header).unwrap();
+
+        let log_list = document.create_element("ul").unwrap();
+        body.append_child(&log_list).unwrap();
+        log_list
+    }
+
+    pub fn log_event(log_list: &web_sys::Element, event: &Event<()>) {
+        log::debug!("{:?}", event);
+
+        // Getting access to browser logs requires a lot of setup on mobile devices.
+        // So we implement this basic logging system into the page to give developers an easy alternative.
+        // As a bonus its also kind of handy on desktop.
+        if let Event::WindowEvent { event, .. } = &event {
+            let window = web_sys::window().unwrap();
+            let document = window.document().unwrap();
+            let log = document.create_element("li").unwrap();
+            log.set_text_content(Some(&format!("{event:?}")));
+            log_list
+                .insert_before(&log, log_list.first_child().as_ref())
+                .unwrap();
+        }
+    }
+}

examples/web_aspect_ratio.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,103 @@
+pub fn main() {
+    println!("This example must be run with cargo run-wasm --example web_aspect_ratio")
+}
+
+#[cfg(wasm_platform)]
+mod wasm {
+    use wasm_bindgen::prelude::*;
+    use wasm_bindgen::JsCast;
+    use web_sys::HtmlCanvasElement;
+    use winit::{
+        dpi::PhysicalSize,
+        event::{Event, WindowEvent},
+        event_loop::{ControlFlow, EventLoop},
+        window::{Window, WindowBuilder},
+    };
+
+    const EXPLANATION: &str = "
+This example draws a circle in the middle of a 4/1 aspect ratio canvas which acts as a useful demonstration of winit's resize handling on web.
+Even when the browser window is resized or aspect-ratio of the canvas changed the circle should always:
+* Fill the entire width or height of the canvas (whichever is smaller) without exceeding it.
+* Be perfectly round
+* Not be blurry or pixelated (there is no antialiasing so you may still see jagged edges depending on the DPI of your monitor)
+
+Currently winit does not handle resizes on web so the circle is rendered incorrectly.
+This example demonstrates the desired future functionality which will possibly be provided by https://github.com/rust-windowing/winit/pull/2074
+";
+
+    #[wasm_bindgen(start)]
+    pub fn run() {
+        console_log::init_with_level(log::Level::Debug).expect("error initializing logger");
+        let event_loop = EventLoop::new();
+
+        let window = WindowBuilder::new()
+            .with_title("A fantastic window!")
+            // When running in a non-wasm environment this would set the window size to 100x100.
+            // However in this example it just sets a default initial size of 100x100 that is immediately overwritten due to the layout + styling of the page.
+            .with_inner_size(PhysicalSize::new(100, 100))
+            .build(&event_loop)
+            .unwrap();
+
+        let canvas = create_canvas(&window);
+
+        // Render once with the size info we currently have
+        render_circle(&canvas, window.inner_size());
+
+        event_loop.run(move |event, _, control_flow| {
+            *control_flow = ControlFlow::Wait;
+
+            match event {
+                Event::WindowEvent {
+                    event: WindowEvent::Resized(resize),
+                    window_id,
+                } if window_id == window.id() => {
+                    render_circle(&canvas, resize);
+                }
+                _ => (),
+            }
+        });
+    }
+
+    pub fn create_canvas(window: &Window) -> HtmlCanvasElement {
+        use winit::platform::web::WindowExtWebSys;
+
+        let web_window = web_sys::window().unwrap();
+        let document = web_window.document().unwrap();
+        let body = document.body().unwrap();
+
+        // Set a background color for the canvas to make it easier to tell the where the canvas is for debugging purposes.
+        let canvas = window.canvas();
+        canvas
+            .style()
+            .set_css_text("display: block; background-color: crimson; margin: auto; width: 50%; aspect-ratio: 4 / 1;");
+        body.append_child(&canvas).unwrap();
+
+        let explanation = document.create_element("pre").unwrap();
+        explanation.set_text_content(Some(EXPLANATION));
+        body.append_child(&explanation).unwrap();
+
+        canvas
+    }
+
+    pub fn render_circle(canvas: &HtmlCanvasElement, size: PhysicalSize<u32>) {
+        log::info!("rendering circle with canvas size: {:?}", size);
+        let context = canvas
+            .get_context("2d")
+            .unwrap()
+            .unwrap()
+            .dyn_into::<web_sys::CanvasRenderingContext2d>()
+            .unwrap();
+
+        context.begin_path();
+        context
+            .arc(
+                size.width as f64 / 2.0,
+                size.height as f64 / 2.0,
+                size.width.min(size.height) as f64 / 2.0,
+                0.0,
+                std::f64::consts::PI * 2.0,
+            )
+            .unwrap();
+        context.fill();
+    }
+}

examples/window.rs

@@ -1,84 +1,35 @@
-//! Simple winit window example.
+#![allow(clippy::single_match)]
 
-use std::error::Error;
+use simple_logger::SimpleLogger;
+use winit::{
+    event::{Event, WindowEvent},
+    event_loop::EventLoop,
+    window::WindowBuilder,
+};
 
-use winit::application::ApplicationHandler;
-use winit::event::WindowEvent;
-use winit::event_loop::{ActiveEventLoop, EventLoop};
-#[cfg(web_platform)]
-use winit::platform::web::WindowAttributesWeb;
-use winit::window::{Window, WindowAttributes, WindowId};
+fn main() {
+    SimpleLogger::new().init().unwrap();
+    let event_loop = EventLoop::new();
 
-#[path = "util/fill.rs"]
-mod fill;
-#[path = "util/tracing.rs"]
-mod tracing;
+    let window = WindowBuilder::new()
+        .with_title("A fantastic window!")
+        .with_inner_size(winit::dpi::LogicalSize::new(128.0, 128.0))
+        .build(&event_loop)
+        .unwrap();
 
-#[derive(Default, Debug)]
-struct App {
-    window: Option<Box<dyn Window>>,
-}
-
-impl ApplicationHandler for App {
-    fn can_create_surfaces(&mut self, event_loop: &dyn ActiveEventLoop) {
-        #[cfg(not(web_platform))]
-        let window_attributes = WindowAttributes::default();
-        #[cfg(web_platform)]
-        let window_attributes = WindowAttributes::default()
-            .with_platform_attributes(Box::new(WindowAttributesWeb::default().with_append(true)));
-        self.window = match event_loop.create_window(window_attributes) {
-            Ok(window) => Some(window),
-            Err(err) => {
-                eprintln!("error creating window: {err}");
-                event_loop.exit();
-                return;
-            },
-        }
-    }
-
-    fn window_event(&mut self, event_loop: &dyn ActiveEventLoop, _: WindowId, event: WindowEvent) {
+    event_loop.run(move |event, _, control_flow| {
+        control_flow.set_wait();
         println!("{event:?}");
+
         match event {
-            WindowEvent::CloseRequested => {
-                println!("Close was requested; stopping");
-                event_loop.exit();
-            },
-            WindowEvent::SurfaceResized(_) => {
-                self.window.as_ref().expect("resize event without a window").request_redraw();
-            },
-            WindowEvent::RedrawRequested => {
-                // Redraw the application.
-                //
-                // It's preferable for applications that do not render continuously to render in
-                // this event rather than in AboutToWait, since rendering in here allows
-                // the program to gracefully handle redraws requested by the OS.
-
-                let window = self.window.as_ref().expect("redraw request without a window");
-
-                // Notify that you're about to draw.
-                window.pre_present_notify();
-
-                // Draw.
-                fill::fill_window(window.as_ref());
-
-                // For contiguous redraw loop you can request a redraw from here.
-                // window.request_redraw();
-            },
+            Event::WindowEvent {
+                event: WindowEvent::CloseRequested,
+                window_id,
+            } if window_id == window.id() => control_flow.set_exit(),
+            Event::MainEventsCleared => {
+                window.request_redraw();
+            }
             _ => (),
         }
-    }
-}
-
-fn main() -> Result<(), Box<dyn Error>> {
-    #[cfg(web_platform)]
-    console_error_panic_hook::set_once();
-
-    tracing::init();
-
-    let event_loop = EventLoop::new()?;
-
-    // For alternative loop run options see `pump_events` and `run_on_demand` examples.
-    event_loop.run_app(App::default())?;
-
-    Ok(())
+    });
 }

examples/window_buttons.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+#![allow(clippy::single_match)]
+
+// This example is used by developers to test various window functions.
+
+use simple_logger::SimpleLogger;
+use winit::{
+    dpi::LogicalSize,
+    event::{ElementState, Event, KeyboardInput, VirtualKeyCode, WindowEvent},
+    event_loop::{DeviceEventFilter, EventLoop},
+    window::{WindowBuilder, WindowButtons},
+};
+
+fn main() {
+    SimpleLogger::new().init().unwrap();
+    let event_loop = EventLoop::new();
+
+    let window = WindowBuilder::new()
+        .with_title("A fantastic window!")
+        .with_inner_size(LogicalSize::new(300.0, 300.0))
+        .build(&event_loop)
+        .unwrap();
+
+    eprintln!("Window Button keys:");
+    eprintln!("  (F) Toggle close button");
+    eprintln!("  (G) Toggle maximize button");
+    eprintln!("  (H) Toggle minimize button");
+
+    event_loop.set_device_event_filter(DeviceEventFilter::Never);
+
+    event_loop.run(move |event, _, control_flow| {
+        control_flow.set_wait();
+
+        match event {
+            Event::WindowEvent {
+                event:
+                    WindowEvent::KeyboardInput {
+                        input:
+                            KeyboardInput {
+                                virtual_keycode: Some(key),
+                                state: ElementState::Pressed,
+                                ..
+                            },
+                        ..
+                    },
+                ..
+            } => match key {
+                VirtualKeyCode::F => {
+                    let buttons = window.enabled_buttons();
+                    window.set_enabled_buttons(buttons ^ WindowButtons::CLOSE);
+                }
+                VirtualKeyCode::G => {
+                    let buttons = window.enabled_buttons();
+                    window.set_enabled_buttons(buttons ^ WindowButtons::MAXIMIZE);
+                }
+                VirtualKeyCode::H => {
+                    let buttons = window.enabled_buttons();
+                    window.set_enabled_buttons(buttons ^ WindowButtons::MINIMIZE);
+                }
+                _ => (),
+            },
+            Event::WindowEvent {
+                event: WindowEvent::CloseRequested,
+                window_id,
+            } if window_id == window.id() => control_flow.set_exit(),
+            _ => (),
+        }
+    });
+}

examples/window_debug.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,132 @@
+#![allow(clippy::single_match)]
+
+// This example is used by developers to test various window functions.
+
+use simple_logger::SimpleLogger;
+use winit::{
+    dpi::{LogicalSize, PhysicalSize},
+    event::{DeviceEvent, ElementState, Event, KeyboardInput, VirtualKeyCode, WindowEvent},
+    event_loop::{DeviceEventFilter, EventLoop},
+    window::{Fullscreen, WindowBuilder},
+};
+
+fn main() {
+    SimpleLogger::new().init().unwrap();
+    let event_loop = EventLoop::new();
+
+    let window = WindowBuilder::new()
+        .with_title("A fantastic window!")
+        .with_inner_size(LogicalSize::new(100.0, 100.0))
+        .build(&event_loop)
+        .unwrap();
+
+    eprintln!("debugging keys:");
+    eprintln!("  (E) Enter exclusive fullscreen");
+    eprintln!("  (F) Toggle borderless fullscreen");
+    eprintln!("  (P) Toggle borderless fullscreen on system's preffered monitor");
+    eprintln!("  (M) Toggle minimized");
+    eprintln!("  (Q) Quit event loop");
+    eprintln!("  (V) Toggle visibility");
+    eprintln!("  (X) Toggle maximized");
+
+    let mut minimized = false;
+    let mut visible = true;
+
+    event_loop.set_device_event_filter(DeviceEventFilter::Never);
+
+    event_loop.run(move |event, _, control_flow| {
+        control_flow.set_wait();
+
+        match event {
+            Event::DeviceEvent {
+                event:
+                    DeviceEvent::Key(KeyboardInput {
+                        virtual_keycode: Some(key),
+                        state: ElementState::Pressed,
+                        ..
+                    }),
+                ..
+            } => match key {
+                VirtualKeyCode::M => {
+                    if minimized {
+                        minimized = !minimized;
+                        window.set_minimized(minimized);
+                        window.focus_window();
+                    }
+                }
+                VirtualKeyCode::V => {
+                    if !visible {
+                        visible = !visible;
+                        window.set_visible(visible);
+                    }
+                }
+                _ => (),
+            },
+            Event::WindowEvent {
+                event:
+                    WindowEvent::KeyboardInput {
+                        input:
+                            KeyboardInput {
+                                virtual_keycode: Some(key),
+                                state: ElementState::Pressed,
+                                ..
+                            },
+                        ..
+                    },
+                ..
+            } => match key {
+                VirtualKeyCode::E => {
+                    fn area(size: PhysicalSize<u32>) -> u32 {
+                        size.width * size.height
+                    }
+
+                    let monitor = window.current_monitor().unwrap();
+                    if let Some(mode) = monitor
+                        .video_modes()
+                        .max_by(|a, b| area(a.size()).cmp(&area(b.size())))
+                    {
+                        window.set_fullscreen(Some(Fullscreen::Exclusive(mode)));
+                    } else {
+                        eprintln!("no video modes available");
+                    }
+                }
+                VirtualKeyCode::F => {
+                    if window.fullscreen().is_some() {
+                        window.set_fullscreen(None);
+                    } else {
+                        let monitor = window.current_monitor();
+                        window.set_fullscreen(Some(Fullscreen::Borderless(monitor)));
+                    }
+                }
+                VirtualKeyCode::P => {
+                    if window.fullscreen().is_some() {
+                        window.set_fullscreen(None);
+                    } else {
+                        window.set_fullscreen(Some(Fullscreen::Borderless(None)));
+                    }
+                }
+                VirtualKeyCode::M => {
+                    minimized = !minimized;
+                    window.set_minimized(minimized);
+                }
+                VirtualKeyCode::Q => {
+                    control_flow.set_exit();
+                }
+                VirtualKeyCode::V => {
+                    visible = !visible;
+                    window.set_visible(visible);
+                }
+                VirtualKeyCode::X => {
+                    let is_maximized = window.is_maximized();
+                    window.set_maximized(!is_maximized);
+                }
+                _ => (),
+            },
+            Event::WindowEvent {
+                event: WindowEvent::CloseRequested,
+                window_id,
+            } if window_id == window.id() => control_flow.set_exit(),
+            _ => (),
+        }
+    });
+}

examples/window_drag_resize.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,141 @@
+//! Demonstrates capability to create in-app draggable regions for client-side decoration support.
+
+use simple_logger::SimpleLogger;
+use winit::{
+    event::{
+        ElementState, Event, KeyboardInput, MouseButton, StartCause, VirtualKeyCode, WindowEvent,
+    },
+    event_loop::{ControlFlow, EventLoop},
+    window::{CursorIcon, ResizeDirection, WindowBuilder},
+};
+
+const BORDER: f64 = 8.0;
+
+fn main() {
+    SimpleLogger::new().init().unwrap();
+    let event_loop = EventLoop::new();
+
+    let window = WindowBuilder::new()
+        .with_inner_size(winit::dpi::LogicalSize::new(600.0, 400.0))
+        .with_min_inner_size(winit::dpi::LogicalSize::new(400.0, 200.0))
+        .with_decorations(false)
+        .build(&event_loop)
+        .unwrap();
+
+    let mut border = false;
+    let mut cursor_location = None;
+
+    event_loop.run(move |event, _, control_flow| match event {
+        Event::NewEvents(StartCause::Init) => {
+            eprintln!("Press 'B' to toggle borderless")
+        }
+        Event::WindowEvent { event, .. } => match event {
+            WindowEvent::CloseRequested => *control_flow = ControlFlow::Exit,
+            WindowEvent::CursorMoved { position, .. } => {
+                if !window.is_decorated() {
+                    let new_location =
+                        cursor_resize_direction(window.inner_size(), position, BORDER);
+
+                    if new_location != cursor_location {
+                        cursor_location = new_location;
+                        window.set_cursor_icon(cursor_direction_icon(cursor_location))
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            WindowEvent::MouseInput {
+                state: ElementState::Pressed,
+                button: MouseButton::Left,
+                ..
+            } => {
+                if let Some(dir) = cursor_location {
+                    let _res = window.drag_resize_window(dir);
+                }
+            }
+            WindowEvent::KeyboardInput {
+                input:
+                    KeyboardInput {
+                        state: ElementState::Released,
+                        virtual_keycode: Some(VirtualKeyCode::B),
+                        ..
+                    },
+                ..
+            } => {
+                border = !border;
+                window.set_decorations(border);
+            }
+            _ => (),
+        },
+        _ => (),
+    });
+}
+
+fn cursor_direction_icon(resize_direction: Option<ResizeDirection>) -> CursorIcon {
+    match resize_direction {
+        Some(resize_direction) => match resize_direction {
+            ResizeDirection::East => CursorIcon::EResize,
+            ResizeDirection::North => CursorIcon::NResize,
+            ResizeDirection::NorthEast => CursorIcon::NeResize,
+            ResizeDirection::NorthWest => CursorIcon::NwResize,
+            ResizeDirection::South => CursorIcon::SResize,
+            ResizeDirection::SouthEast => CursorIcon::SeResize,
+            ResizeDirection::SouthWest => CursorIcon::SwResize,
+            ResizeDirection::West => CursorIcon::WResize,
+        },
+        None => CursorIcon::Default,
+    }
+}
+
+fn cursor_resize_direction(
+    win_size: winit::dpi::PhysicalSize<u32>,
+    position: winit::dpi::PhysicalPosition<f64>,
+    border_size: f64,
+) -> Option<ResizeDirection> {
+    enum XDirection {
+        West,
+        East,
+        Default,
+    }
+
+    enum YDirection {
+        North,
+        South,
+        Default,
+    }
+
+    let xdir = if position.x < border_size {
+        XDirection::West
+    } else if position.x > (win_size.width as f64 - border_size) {
+        XDirection::East
+    } else {
+        XDirection::Default
+    };
+
+    let ydir = if position.y < border_size {
+        YDirection::North
+    } else if position.y > (win_size.height as f64 - border_size) {
+        YDirection::South
+    } else {
+        YDirection::Default
+    };
+
+    Some(match xdir {
+        XDirection::West => match ydir {
+            YDirection::North => ResizeDirection::NorthWest,
+            YDirection::South => ResizeDirection::SouthWest,
+            YDirection::Default => ResizeDirection::West,
+        },
+
+        XDirection::East => match ydir {
+            YDirection::North => ResizeDirection::NorthEast,
+            YDirection::South => ResizeDirection::SouthEast,
+            YDirection::Default => ResizeDirection::East,
+        },
+
+        XDirection::Default => match ydir {
+            YDirection::North => ResizeDirection::North,
+            YDirection::South => ResizeDirection::South,
+            YDirection::Default => return None,
+        },
+    })
+}

examples/window_icon.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+#![allow(clippy::single_match)]
+
+use std::path::Path;
+
+use simple_logger::SimpleLogger;
+use winit::{
+    event::Event,
+    event_loop::EventLoop,
+    window::{Icon, WindowBuilder},
+};
+
+fn main() {
+    SimpleLogger::new().init().unwrap();
+
+    // You'll have to choose an icon size at your own discretion. On X11, the desired size varies
+    // by WM, and on Windows, you still have to account for screen scaling. Here we use 32px,
+    // since it seems to work well enough in most cases. Be careful about going too high, or
+    // you'll be bitten by the low-quality downscaling built into the WM.
+    let path = concat!(env!("CARGO_MANIFEST_DIR"), "/examples/icon.png");
+
+    let icon = load_icon(Path::new(path));
+
+    let event_loop = EventLoop::new();
+
+    let window = WindowBuilder::new()
+        .with_title("An iconic window!")
+        // At present, this only does anything on Windows and X11, so if you want to save load
+        // time, you can put icon loading behind a function that returns `None` on other platforms.
+        .with_window_icon(Some(icon))
+        .build(&event_loop)
+        .unwrap();
+
+    event_loop.run(move |event, _, control_flow| {
+        control_flow.set_wait();
+
+        if let Event::WindowEvent { event, .. } = event {
+            use winit::event::WindowEvent::*;
+            match event {
+                CloseRequested => control_flow.set_exit(),
+                DroppedFile(path) => {
+                    window.set_window_icon(Some(load_icon(&path)));
+                }
+                _ => (),
+            }
+        }
+    });
+}
+
+fn load_icon(path: &Path) -> Icon {
+    let (icon_rgba, icon_width, icon_height) = {
+        let image = image::open(path)
+            .expect("Failed to open icon path")
+            .into_rgba8();
+        let (width, height) = image.dimensions();
+        let rgba = image.into_raw();
+        (rgba, width, height)
+    };
+    Icon::from_rgba(icon_rgba, icon_width, icon_height).expect("Failed to open icon")
+}

examples/window_option_as_alt.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+#![allow(clippy::single_match)]
+
+#[cfg(target_os = "macos")]
+use winit::platform::macos::{OptionAsAlt, WindowExtMacOS};
+
+#[cfg(target_os = "macos")]
+use winit::{
+    event::ElementState,
+    event::{Event, MouseButton, WindowEvent},
+    event_loop::EventLoop,
+    window::WindowBuilder,
+};
+
+/// Prints the keyboard events characters received when option_is_alt is true versus false.
+/// A left mouse click will toggle option_is_alt.
+#[cfg(target_os = "macos")]
+fn main() {
+    let event_loop = EventLoop::new();
+
+    let window = WindowBuilder::new()
+        .with_title("A fantastic window!")
+        .with_inner_size(winit::dpi::LogicalSize::new(128.0, 128.0))
+        .build(&event_loop)
+        .unwrap();
+
+    let mut option_as_alt = window.option_as_alt();
+
+    event_loop.run(move |event, _, control_flow| {
+        control_flow.set_wait();
+
+        match event {
+            Event::WindowEvent {
+                event: WindowEvent::CloseRequested,
+                window_id,
+            } if window_id == window.id() => control_flow.set_exit(),
+            Event::WindowEvent { event, .. } => match event {
+                WindowEvent::MouseInput {
+                    state: ElementState::Pressed,
+                    button: MouseButton::Left,
+                    ..
+                } => {
+                    option_as_alt = match option_as_alt {
+                        OptionAsAlt::None => OptionAsAlt::OnlyLeft,
+                        OptionAsAlt::OnlyLeft => OptionAsAlt::OnlyRight,
+                        OptionAsAlt::OnlyRight => OptionAsAlt::Both,
+                        OptionAsAlt::Both => OptionAsAlt::None,
+                    };
+
+                    println!("Received Mouse click, toggling option_as_alt to: {option_as_alt:?}");
+                    window.set_option_as_alt(option_as_alt);
+                }
+                WindowEvent::ReceivedCharacter(c) => println!("ReceivedCharacter: {c:?}"),
+                WindowEvent::KeyboardInput { .. } => println!("KeyboardInput: {event:?}"),
+                _ => (),
+            },
+            Event::MainEventsCleared => {
+                window.request_redraw();
+            }
+            _ => (),
+        }
+    });
+}
+
+#[cfg(not(target_os = "macos"))]
+fn main() {
+    println!("This example is only supported on MacOS");
+}

examples/window_resize_increments.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+use log::debug;
+use simple_logger::SimpleLogger;
+use winit::{
+    dpi::LogicalSize,
+    event::{ElementState, Event, KeyboardInput, VirtualKeyCode, WindowEvent},
+    event_loop::EventLoop,
+    window::WindowBuilder,
+};
+
+fn main() {
+    SimpleLogger::new().init().unwrap();
+    let event_loop = EventLoop::new();
+
+    let window = WindowBuilder::new()
+        .with_title("A fantastic window!")
+        .with_inner_size(LogicalSize::new(128.0, 128.0))
+        .with_resize_increments(LogicalSize::new(25.0, 25.0))
+        .build(&event_loop)
+        .unwrap();
+
+    let mut has_increments = true;
+
+    event_loop.run(move |event, _, control_flow| {
+        control_flow.set_wait();
+
+        match event {
+            Event::WindowEvent {
+                event: WindowEvent::CloseRequested,
+                window_id,
+            } if window_id == window.id() => control_flow.set_exit(),
+            Event::WindowEvent {
+                event:
+                    WindowEvent::KeyboardInput {
+                        input:
+                            KeyboardInput {
+                                virtual_keycode: Some(VirtualKeyCode::Space),
+                                state: ElementState::Released,
+                                ..
+                            },
+                        ..
+                    },
+                window_id,
+            } if window_id == window.id() => {
+                has_increments = !has_increments;
+
+                let new_increments = match window.resize_increments() {
+                    Some(_) => None,
+                    None => Some(LogicalSize::new(25.0, 25.0)),
+                };
+                debug!("Had increments: {}", new_increments.is_none());
+                window.set_resize_increments(new_increments);
+            }
+            Event::MainEventsCleared => window.request_redraw(),
+            _ => (),
+        }
+    });
+}

examples/window_run_return.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+#![allow(clippy::single_match)]
+
+// Limit this example to only compatible platforms.
+#[cfg(any(
+    windows_platform,
+    macos_platform,
+    x11_platform,
+    wayland_platform,
+    android_platform,
+    orbital_platform,
+))]
+fn main() {
+    use std::{thread::sleep, time::Duration};
+
+    use simple_logger::SimpleLogger;
+    use winit::{
+        event::{Event, WindowEvent},
+        event_loop::EventLoop,
+        platform::run_return::EventLoopExtRunReturn,
+        window::WindowBuilder,
+    };
+    let mut event_loop = EventLoop::new();
+
+    SimpleLogger::new().init().unwrap();
+    let _window = WindowBuilder::new()
+        .with_title("A fantastic window!")
+        .build(&event_loop)
+        .unwrap();
+
+    let mut quit = false;
+
+    while !quit {
+        event_loop.run_return(|event, _, control_flow| {
+            control_flow.set_wait();
+
+            if let Event::WindowEvent { event, .. } = &event {
+                // Print only Window events to reduce noise
+                println!("{event:?}");
+            }
+
+            match event {
+                Event::WindowEvent {
+                    event: WindowEvent::CloseRequested,
+                    ..
+                } => {
+                    quit = true;
+                }
+                Event::MainEventsCleared => {
+                    control_flow.set_exit();
+                }
+                _ => (),
+            }
+        });
+
+        // Sleep for 1/60 second to simulate rendering
+        println!("rendering");
+        sleep(Duration::from_millis(16));
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(any(ios_platform, wasm_platform))]
+fn main() {
+    println!("This platform doesn't support run_return.");
+}

examples/x11_embed.rs

@@ -1,71 +0,0 @@
-//! A demonstration of embedding a winit window in an existing X11 application.
-use std::error::Error;
-
-#[cfg(x11_platform)]
-fn main() -> Result<(), Box<dyn Error>> {
-    use winit::application::ApplicationHandler;
-    use winit::event::WindowEvent;
-    use winit::event_loop::{ActiveEventLoop, EventLoop};
-    use winit::platform::x11::WindowAttributesX11;
-    use winit::window::{Window, WindowAttributes, WindowId};
-
-    #[path = "util/fill.rs"]
-    mod fill;
-
-    #[derive(Debug)]
-    pub struct XEmbedDemo {
-        parent_window_id: u32,
-        window: Option<Box<dyn Window>>,
-    }
-
-    impl ApplicationHandler for XEmbedDemo {
-        fn can_create_surfaces(&mut self, event_loop: &dyn ActiveEventLoop) {
-            let mut window_attributes = WindowAttributes::default()
-                .with_title("An embedded window!")
-                .with_surface_size(winit::dpi::LogicalSize::new(128.0, 128.0));
-            let x11_attrs =
-                WindowAttributesX11::default().with_embed_parent_window(self.parent_window_id);
-            window_attributes = window_attributes.with_platform_attributes(Box::new(x11_attrs));
-
-            self.window = Some(event_loop.create_window(window_attributes).unwrap());
-        }
-
-        fn window_event(
-            &mut self,
-            event_loop: &dyn ActiveEventLoop,
-            _window_id: WindowId,
-            event: WindowEvent,
-        ) {
-            let window = self.window.as_ref().unwrap();
-            match event {
-                WindowEvent::CloseRequested => event_loop.exit(),
-                WindowEvent::RedrawRequested => {
-                    window.pre_present_notify();
-                    fill::fill_window(window.as_ref());
-                },
-                _ => (),
-            }
-        }
-
-        fn about_to_wait(&mut self, _event_loop: &dyn ActiveEventLoop) {
-            self.window.as_ref().unwrap().request_redraw();
-        }
-    }
-
-    // First argument should be a 32-bit X11 window ID.
-    let parent_window_id = std::env::args()
-        .nth(1)
-        .ok_or("Expected a 32-bit X11 window ID as the first argument.")?
-        .parse::<u32>()?;
-
-    tracing_subscriber::fmt::init();
-    let event_loop = EventLoop::new()?;
-
-    Ok(event_loop.run_app(XEmbedDemo { parent_window_id, window: None })?)
-}
-
-#[cfg(not(x11_platform))]
-fn main() -> Result<(), Box<dyn Error>> {
-    println!("This example is only supported on X11 platforms.");
-    Ok(())
-}

run-wasm/Cargo.toml

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+[package]
+name = "run-wasm"
+version = "0.1.0"
+edition = "2021"
+
+# See more keys and their definitions at https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/manifest.html
+
+[dependencies]
+cargo-run-wasm = "0.2.0"

run-wasm/src/main.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+fn main() {
+    cargo_run_wasm::run_wasm_with_css("body { margin: 0px; }");
+}

rustfmt.toml

@@ -1,20 +1,3 @@
-comment_width = 100
-condense_wildcard_suffixes = true
-error_on_unformatted = true
-format_code_in_doc_comments = true
-format_macro_bodies = true
-format_macro_matchers = true
-format_strings = true
-group_imports = "StdExternalCrate"
-hex_literal_case = "Lower"
-imports_granularity = "Module"
-match_block_trailing_comma = true
-newline_style = "Unix"
-normalize_comments = true
-normalize_doc_attributes = true
-overflow_delimited_expr = true
-# Some macros break with this.
-reorder_impl_items = false
-use_field_init_shorthand = true
-use_small_heuristics = "Max"
-wrap_comments = true
+force_explicit_abi=true
+use_field_init_shorthand=true
+# merge_imports=true

src/dpi.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,583 @@
+//! UI scaling is important, so read the docs for this module if you don't want to be confused.
+//!
+//! ## Why should I care about UI scaling?
+//!
+//! Modern computer screens don't have a consistent relationship between resolution and size.
+//! 1920x1080 is a common resolution for both desktop and mobile screens, despite mobile screens
+//! normally being less than a quarter the size of their desktop counterparts. What's more, neither
+//! desktop nor mobile screens are consistent resolutions within their own size classes - common
+//! mobile screens range from below 720p to above 1440p, and desktop screens range from 720p to 5K
+//! and beyond.
+//!
+//! Given that, it's a mistake to assume that 2D content will only be displayed on screens with
+//! a consistent pixel density. If you were to render a 96-pixel-square image on a 1080p screen,
+//! then render the same image on a similarly-sized 4K screen, the 4K rendition would only take up
+//! about a quarter of the physical space as it did on the 1080p screen. That issue is especially
+//! problematic with text rendering, where quarter-sized text becomes a significant legibility
+//! problem.
+//!
+//! Failure to account for the scale factor can create a significantly degraded user experience.
+//! Most notably, it can make users feel like they have bad eyesight, which will potentially cause
+//! them to think about growing elderly, resulting in them having an existential crisis. Once users
+//! enter that state, they will no longer be focused on your application.
+//!
+//! ## How should I handle it?
+//!
+//! The solution to this problem is to account for the device's *scale factor*. The scale factor is
+//! the factor UI elements should be scaled by to be consistent with the rest of the user's system -
+//! for example, a button that's normally 50 pixels across would be 100 pixels across on a device
+//! with a scale factor of `2.0`, or 75 pixels across with a scale factor of `1.5`.
+//!
+//! Many UI systems, such as CSS, expose DPI-dependent units like [points] or [picas]. That's
+//! usually a mistake, since there's no consistent mapping between the scale factor and the screen's
+//! actual DPI. Unless you're printing to a physical medium, you should work in scaled pixels rather
+//! than any DPI-dependent units.
+//!
+//! ### Position and Size types
+//!
+//! Winit's [`PhysicalPosition`] / [`PhysicalSize`] types correspond with the actual pixels on the
+//! device, and the [`LogicalPosition`] / [`LogicalSize`] types correspond to the physical pixels
+//! divided by the scale factor.
+//! All of Winit's functions return physical types, but can take either logical or physical
+//! coordinates as input, allowing you to use the most convenient coordinate system for your
+//! particular application.
+//!
+//! Winit's position and size types types are generic over their exact pixel type, `P`, to allow the
+//! API to have integer precision where appropriate (e.g. most window manipulation functions) and
+//! floating precision when necessary (e.g. logical sizes for fractional scale factors and touch
+//! input). If `P` is a floating-point type, please do not cast the values with `as {int}`. Doing so
+//! will truncate the fractional part of the float, rather than properly round to the nearest
+//! integer. Use the provided `cast` function or [`From`]/[`Into`] conversions, which handle the
+//! rounding properly. Note that precision loss will still occur when rounding from a float to an
+//! int, although rounding lessens the problem.
+//!
+//! ### Events
+//!
+//! Winit will dispatch a [`ScaleFactorChanged`] event whenever a window's scale factor has changed.
+//! This can happen if the user drags their window from a standard-resolution monitor to a high-DPI
+//! monitor, or if the user changes their DPI settings. This gives you a chance to rescale your
+//! application's UI elements and adjust how the platform changes the window's size to reflect the new
+//! scale factor. If a window hasn't received a [`ScaleFactorChanged`] event,  then its scale factor
+//! can be found by calling [`window.scale_factor()`].
+//!
+//! ## How is the scale factor calculated?
+//!
+//! Scale factor is calculated differently on different platforms:
+//!
+//! - **Windows:** On Windows 8 and 10, per-monitor scaling is readily configured by users from the
+//!   display settings. While users are free to select any option they want, they're only given a
+//!   selection of "nice" scale factors, i.e. 1.0, 1.25, 1.5... on Windows 7, the scale factor is
+//!   global and changing it requires logging out. See [this article][windows_1] for technical
+//!   details.
+//! - **macOS:** Recent versions of macOS allow the user to change the scaling factor for certain
+//!   displays. When this is available, the user may pick a per-monitor scaling factor from a set
+//!   of pre-defined settings. All "retina displays" have a scaling factor above 1.0 by default but
+//!   the specific value varies across devices.
+//! - **X11:** Many man-hours have been spent trying to figure out how to handle DPI in X11. Winit
+//!   currently uses a three-pronged approach:
+//!   + Use the value in the `WINIT_X11_SCALE_FACTOR` environment variable, if present.
+//!   + If not present, use the value set in `Xft.dpi` in Xresources.
+//!   + Otherwise, calculate the scale factor based on the millimeter monitor dimensions provided by XRandR.
+//!
+//!   If `WINIT_X11_SCALE_FACTOR` is set to `randr`, it'll ignore the `Xft.dpi` field and use the
+//!   XRandR scaling method. Generally speaking, you should try to configure the standard system
+//!   variables to do what you want before resorting to `WINIT_X11_SCALE_FACTOR`.
+//! - **Wayland:** On Wayland, scale factors are set per-screen by the server, and are always
+//!   integers (most often 1 or 2).
+//! - **iOS:** Scale factors are set by Apple to the value that best suits the device, and range
+//!   from `1.0` to `3.0`. See [this article][apple_1] and [this article][apple_2] for more
+//!   information.
+//! - **Android:** Scale factors are set by the manufacturer to the value that best suits the
+//!   device, and range from `1.0` to `4.0`. See [this article][android_1] for more information.
+//! - **Web:** The scale factor is the ratio between CSS pixels and the physical device pixels.
+//!   In other words, it is the value of [`window.devicePixelRatio`][web_1]. It is affected by
+//!   both the screen scaling and the browser zoom level and can go below `1.0`.
+//!
+//!
+//! [points]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Point_(typography)
+//! [picas]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pica_(typography)
+//! [`ScaleFactorChanged`]: crate::event::WindowEvent::ScaleFactorChanged
+//! [`window.scale_factor()`]: crate::window::Window::scale_factor
+//! [windows_1]: https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/hidpi/high-dpi-desktop-application-development-on-windows
+//! [apple_1]: https://developer.apple.com/library/archive/documentation/DeviceInformation/Reference/iOSDeviceCompatibility/Displays/Displays.html
+//! [apple_2]: https://developer.apple.com/design/human-interface-guidelines/macos/icons-and-images/image-size-and-resolution/
+//! [android_1]: https://developer.android.com/training/multiscreen/screendensities
+//! [web_1]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/devicePixelRatio
+
+pub trait Pixel: Copy + Into<f64> {
+    fn from_f64(f: f64) -> Self;
+    fn cast<P: Pixel>(self) -> P {
+        P::from_f64(self.into())
+    }
+}
+
+impl Pixel for u8 {
+    fn from_f64(f: f64) -> Self {
+        f.round() as u8
+    }
+}
+impl Pixel for u16 {
+    fn from_f64(f: f64) -> Self {
+        f.round() as u16
+    }
+}
+impl Pixel for u32 {
+    fn from_f64(f: f64) -> Self {
+        f.round() as u32
+    }
+}
+impl Pixel for i8 {
+    fn from_f64(f: f64) -> Self {
+        f.round() as i8
+    }
+}
+impl Pixel for i16 {
+    fn from_f64(f: f64) -> Self {
+        f.round() as i16
+    }
+}
+impl Pixel for i32 {
+    fn from_f64(f: f64) -> Self {
+        f.round() as i32
+    }
+}
+impl Pixel for f32 {
+    fn from_f64(f: f64) -> Self {
+        f as f32
+    }
+}
+impl Pixel for f64 {
+    fn from_f64(f: f64) -> Self {
+        f
+    }
+}
+
+/// Checks that the scale factor is a normal positive `f64`.
+///
+/// All functions that take a scale factor assert that this will return `true`. If you're sourcing scale factors from
+/// anywhere other than winit, it's recommended to validate them using this function before passing them to winit;
+/// otherwise, you risk panics.
+#[inline]
+pub fn validate_scale_factor(scale_factor: f64) -> bool {
+    scale_factor.is_sign_positive() && scale_factor.is_normal()
+}
+
+/// A position represented in logical pixels.
+///
+/// The position is stored as floats, so please be careful. Casting floats to integers truncates the
+/// fractional part, which can cause noticable issues. To help with that, an `Into<(i32, i32)>`
+/// implementation is provided which does the rounding for you.
+#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, Eq, PartialEq, Default, Hash)]
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
+pub struct LogicalPosition<P> {
+    pub x: P,
+    pub y: P,
+}
+
+impl<P> LogicalPosition<P> {
+    #[inline]
+    pub const fn new(x: P, y: P) -> Self {
+        LogicalPosition { x, y }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<P: Pixel> LogicalPosition<P> {
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn from_physical<T: Into<PhysicalPosition<X>>, X: Pixel>(
+        physical: T,
+        scale_factor: f64,
+    ) -> Self {
+        physical.into().to_logical(scale_factor)
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn to_physical<X: Pixel>(&self, scale_factor: f64) -> PhysicalPosition<X> {
+        assert!(validate_scale_factor(scale_factor));
+        let x = self.x.into() * scale_factor;
+        let y = self.y.into() * scale_factor;
+        PhysicalPosition::new(x, y).cast()
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn cast<X: Pixel>(&self) -> LogicalPosition<X> {
+        LogicalPosition {
+            x: self.x.cast(),
+            y: self.y.cast(),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<P: Pixel, X: Pixel> From<(X, X)> for LogicalPosition<P> {
+    fn from((x, y): (X, X)) -> LogicalPosition<P> {
+        LogicalPosition::new(x.cast(), y.cast())
+    }
+}
+
+impl<P: Pixel, X: Pixel> From<LogicalPosition<P>> for (X, X) {
+    fn from(p: LogicalPosition<P>) -> (X, X) {
+        (p.x.cast(), p.y.cast())
+    }
+}
+
+impl<P: Pixel, X: Pixel> From<[X; 2]> for LogicalPosition<P> {
+    fn from([x, y]: [X; 2]) -> LogicalPosition<P> {
+        LogicalPosition::new(x.cast(), y.cast())
+    }
+}
+
+impl<P: Pixel, X: Pixel> From<LogicalPosition<P>> for [X; 2] {
+    fn from(p: LogicalPosition<P>) -> [X; 2] {
+        [p.x.cast(), p.y.cast()]
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(feature = "mint")]
+impl<P: Pixel> From<mint::Point2<P>> for LogicalPosition<P> {
+    fn from(p: mint::Point2<P>) -> Self {
+        Self::new(p.x, p.y)
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(feature = "mint")]
+impl<P: Pixel> From<LogicalPosition<P>> for mint::Point2<P> {
+    fn from(p: LogicalPosition<P>) -> Self {
+        mint::Point2 { x: p.x, y: p.y }
+    }
+}
+
+/// A position represented in physical pixels.
+#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, Eq, PartialEq, Default, Hash)]
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
+pub struct PhysicalPosition<P> {
+    pub x: P,
+    pub y: P,
+}
+
+impl<P> PhysicalPosition<P> {
+    #[inline]
+    pub const fn new(x: P, y: P) -> Self {
+        PhysicalPosition { x, y }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<P: Pixel> PhysicalPosition<P> {
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn from_logical<T: Into<LogicalPosition<X>>, X: Pixel>(
+        logical: T,
+        scale_factor: f64,
+    ) -> Self {
+        logical.into().to_physical(scale_factor)
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn to_logical<X: Pixel>(&self, scale_factor: f64) -> LogicalPosition<X> {
+        assert!(validate_scale_factor(scale_factor));
+        let x = self.x.into() / scale_factor;
+        let y = self.y.into() / scale_factor;
+        LogicalPosition::new(x, y).cast()
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn cast<X: Pixel>(&self) -> PhysicalPosition<X> {
+        PhysicalPosition {
+            x: self.x.cast(),
+            y: self.y.cast(),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<P: Pixel, X: Pixel> From<(X, X)> for PhysicalPosition<P> {
+    fn from((x, y): (X, X)) -> PhysicalPosition<P> {
+        PhysicalPosition::new(x.cast(), y.cast())
+    }
+}
+
+impl<P: Pixel, X: Pixel> From<PhysicalPosition<P>> for (X, X) {
+    fn from(p: PhysicalPosition<P>) -> (X, X) {
+        (p.x.cast(), p.y.cast())
+    }
+}
+
+impl<P: Pixel, X: Pixel> From<[X; 2]> for PhysicalPosition<P> {
+    fn from([x, y]: [X; 2]) -> PhysicalPosition<P> {
+        PhysicalPosition::new(x.cast(), y.cast())
+    }
+}
+
+impl<P: Pixel, X: Pixel> From<PhysicalPosition<P>> for [X; 2] {
+    fn from(p: PhysicalPosition<P>) -> [X; 2] {
+        [p.x.cast(), p.y.cast()]
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(feature = "mint")]
+impl<P: Pixel> From<mint::Point2<P>> for PhysicalPosition<P> {
+    fn from(p: mint::Point2<P>) -> Self {
+        Self::new(p.x, p.y)
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(feature = "mint")]
+impl<P: Pixel> From<PhysicalPosition<P>> for mint::Point2<P> {
+    fn from(p: PhysicalPosition<P>) -> Self {
+        mint::Point2 { x: p.x, y: p.y }
+    }
+}
+
+/// A size represented in logical pixels.
+#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, Eq, PartialEq, Default, Hash)]
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
+pub struct LogicalSize<P> {
+    pub width: P,
+    pub height: P,
+}
+
+impl<P> LogicalSize<P> {
+    #[inline]
+    pub const fn new(width: P, height: P) -> Self {
+        LogicalSize { width, height }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<P: Pixel> LogicalSize<P> {
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn from_physical<T: Into<PhysicalSize<X>>, X: Pixel>(
+        physical: T,
+        scale_factor: f64,
+    ) -> Self {
+        physical.into().to_logical(scale_factor)
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn to_physical<X: Pixel>(&self, scale_factor: f64) -> PhysicalSize<X> {
+        assert!(validate_scale_factor(scale_factor));
+        let width = self.width.into() * scale_factor;
+        let height = self.height.into() * scale_factor;
+        PhysicalSize::new(width, height).cast()
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn cast<X: Pixel>(&self) -> LogicalSize<X> {
+        LogicalSize {
+            width: self.width.cast(),
+            height: self.height.cast(),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<P: Pixel, X: Pixel> From<(X, X)> for LogicalSize<P> {
+    fn from((x, y): (X, X)) -> LogicalSize<P> {
+        LogicalSize::new(x.cast(), y.cast())
+    }
+}
+
+impl<P: Pixel, X: Pixel> From<LogicalSize<P>> for (X, X) {
+    fn from(s: LogicalSize<P>) -> (X, X) {
+        (s.width.cast(), s.height.cast())
+    }
+}
+
+impl<P: Pixel, X: Pixel> From<[X; 2]> for LogicalSize<P> {
+    fn from([x, y]: [X; 2]) -> LogicalSize<P> {
+        LogicalSize::new(x.cast(), y.cast())
+    }
+}
+
+impl<P: Pixel, X: Pixel> From<LogicalSize<P>> for [X; 2] {
+    fn from(s: LogicalSize<P>) -> [X; 2] {
+        [s.width.cast(), s.height.cast()]
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(feature = "mint")]
+impl<P: Pixel> From<mint::Vector2<P>> for LogicalSize<P> {
+    fn from(v: mint::Vector2<P>) -> Self {
+        Self::new(v.x, v.y)
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(feature = "mint")]
+impl<P: Pixel> From<LogicalSize<P>> for mint::Vector2<P> {
+    fn from(s: LogicalSize<P>) -> Self {
+        mint::Vector2 {
+            x: s.width,
+            y: s.height,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// A size represented in physical pixels.
+#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, Eq, PartialEq, Default, Hash)]
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
+pub struct PhysicalSize<P> {
+    pub width: P,
+    pub height: P,
+}
+
+impl<P> PhysicalSize<P> {
+    #[inline]
+    pub const fn new(width: P, height: P) -> Self {
+        PhysicalSize { width, height }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<P: Pixel> PhysicalSize<P> {
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn from_logical<T: Into<LogicalSize<X>>, X: Pixel>(logical: T, scale_factor: f64) -> Self {
+        logical.into().to_physical(scale_factor)
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn to_logical<X: Pixel>(&self, scale_factor: f64) -> LogicalSize<X> {
+        assert!(validate_scale_factor(scale_factor));
+        let width = self.width.into() / scale_factor;
+        let height = self.height.into() / scale_factor;
+        LogicalSize::new(width, height).cast()
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn cast<X: Pixel>(&self) -> PhysicalSize<X> {
+        PhysicalSize {
+            width: self.width.cast(),
+            height: self.height.cast(),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<P: Pixel, X: Pixel> From<(X, X)> for PhysicalSize<P> {
+    fn from((x, y): (X, X)) -> PhysicalSize<P> {
+        PhysicalSize::new(x.cast(), y.cast())
+    }
+}
+
+impl<P: Pixel, X: Pixel> From<PhysicalSize<P>> for (X, X) {
+    fn from(s: PhysicalSize<P>) -> (X, X) {
+        (s.width.cast(), s.height.cast())
+    }
+}
+
+impl<P: Pixel, X: Pixel> From<[X; 2]> for PhysicalSize<P> {
+    fn from([x, y]: [X; 2]) -> PhysicalSize<P> {
+        PhysicalSize::new(x.cast(), y.cast())
+    }
+}
+
+impl<P: Pixel, X: Pixel> From<PhysicalSize<P>> for [X; 2] {
+    fn from(s: PhysicalSize<P>) -> [X; 2] {
+        [s.width.cast(), s.height.cast()]
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(feature = "mint")]
+impl<P: Pixel> From<mint::Vector2<P>> for PhysicalSize<P> {
+    fn from(v: mint::Vector2<P>) -> Self {
+        Self::new(v.x, v.y)
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(feature = "mint")]
+impl<P: Pixel> From<PhysicalSize<P>> for mint::Vector2<P> {
+    fn from(s: PhysicalSize<P>) -> Self {
+        mint::Vector2 {
+            x: s.width,
+            y: s.height,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// A size that's either physical or logical.
+#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, PartialEq)]
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
+pub enum Size {
+    Physical(PhysicalSize<u32>),
+    Logical(LogicalSize<f64>),
+}
+
+impl Size {
+    pub fn new<S: Into<Size>>(size: S) -> Size {
+        size.into()
+    }
+
+    pub fn to_logical<P: Pixel>(&self, scale_factor: f64) -> LogicalSize<P> {
+        match *self {
+            Size::Physical(size) => size.to_logical(scale_factor),
+            Size::Logical(size) => size.cast(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn to_physical<P: Pixel>(&self, scale_factor: f64) -> PhysicalSize<P> {
+        match *self {
+            Size::Physical(size) => size.cast(),
+            Size::Logical(size) => size.to_physical(scale_factor),
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn clamp<S: Into<Size>>(input: S, min: S, max: S, scale_factor: f64) -> Size {
+        let (input, min, max) = (
+            input.into().to_physical::<f64>(scale_factor),
+            min.into().to_physical::<f64>(scale_factor),
+            max.into().to_physical::<f64>(scale_factor),
+        );
+
+        let width = input.width.clamp(min.width, max.width);
+        let height = input.height.clamp(min.height, max.height);
+
+        PhysicalSize::new(width, height).into()
+    }
+}
+
+impl<P: Pixel> From<PhysicalSize<P>> for Size {
+    #[inline]
+    fn from(size: PhysicalSize<P>) -> Size {
+        Size::Physical(size.cast())
+    }
+}
+
+impl<P: Pixel> From<LogicalSize<P>> for Size {
+    #[inline]
+    fn from(size: LogicalSize<P>) -> Size {
+        Size::Logical(size.cast())
+    }
+}
+
+/// A position that's either physical or logical.
+#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, PartialEq)]
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
+pub enum Position {
+    Physical(PhysicalPosition<i32>),
+    Logical(LogicalPosition<f64>),
+}
+
+impl Position {
+    pub fn new<S: Into<Position>>(position: S) -> Position {
+        position.into()
+    }
+
+    pub fn to_logical<P: Pixel>(&self, scale_factor: f64) -> LogicalPosition<P> {
+        match *self {
+            Position::Physical(position) => position.to_logical(scale_factor),
+            Position::Logical(position) => position.cast(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn to_physical<P: Pixel>(&self, scale_factor: f64) -> PhysicalPosition<P> {
+        match *self {
+            Position::Physical(position) => position.cast(),
+            Position::Logical(position) => position.to_physical(scale_factor),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<P: Pixel> From<PhysicalPosition<P>> for Position {
+    #[inline]
+    fn from(position: PhysicalPosition<P>) -> Position {
+        Position::Physical(position.cast())
+    }
+}
+
+impl<P: Pixel> From<LogicalPosition<P>> for Position {
+    #[inline]
+    fn from(position: LogicalPosition<P>) -> Position {
+        Position::Logical(position.cast())
+    }
+}

src/error.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+use std::{error, fmt};
+
+use crate::platform_impl;
+
+/// An error whose cause it outside Winit's control.
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub enum ExternalError {
+    /// The operation is not supported by the backend.
+    NotSupported(NotSupportedError),
+    /// The OS cannot perform the operation.
+    Os(OsError),
+}
+
+/// The error type for when the requested operation is not supported by the backend.
+#[derive(Clone)]
+pub struct NotSupportedError {
+    _marker: (),
+}
+
+/// The error type for when the OS cannot perform the requested operation.
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub struct OsError {
+    line: u32,
+    file: &'static str,
+    error: platform_impl::OsError,
+}
+
+impl NotSupportedError {
+    #[inline]
+    #[allow(dead_code)]
+    pub(crate) fn new() -> NotSupportedError {
+        NotSupportedError { _marker: () }
+    }
+}
+
+impl OsError {
+    #[allow(dead_code)]
+    pub(crate) fn new(line: u32, file: &'static str, error: platform_impl::OsError) -> OsError {
+        OsError { line, file, error }
+    }
+}
+
+#[allow(unused_macros)]
+macro_rules! os_error {
+    ($error:expr) => {{
+        crate::error::OsError::new(line!(), file!(), $error)
+    }};
+}
+
+impl fmt::Display for OsError {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> Result<(), fmt::Error> {
+        f.pad(&format!(
+            "os error at {}:{}: {}",
+            self.file, self.line, self.error
+        ))
+    }
+}
+
+impl fmt::Display for ExternalError {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> Result<(), fmt::Error> {
+        match self {
+            ExternalError::NotSupported(e) => e.fmt(f),
+            ExternalError::Os(e) => e.fmt(f),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl fmt::Debug for NotSupportedError {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> Result<(), fmt::Error> {
+        f.debug_struct("NotSupportedError").finish()
+    }
+}
+
+impl fmt::Display for NotSupportedError {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> Result<(), fmt::Error> {
+        f.pad("the requested operation is not supported by Winit")
+    }
+}
+
+impl error::Error for OsError {}
+impl error::Error for ExternalError {}
+impl error::Error for NotSupportedError {}

src/event_loop.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,440 @@
+//! The [`EventLoop`] struct and assorted supporting types, including
+//! [`ControlFlow`].
+//!
+//! If you want to send custom events to the event loop, use
+//! [`EventLoop::create_proxy`] to acquire an [`EventLoopProxy`] and call its
+//! [`send_event`](`EventLoopProxy::send_event`) method.
+//!
+//! See the root-level documentation for information on how to create and use an event loop to
+//! handle events.
+use std::marker::PhantomData;
+use std::ops::Deref;
+use std::{error, fmt};
+
+use instant::{Duration, Instant};
+use once_cell::sync::OnceCell;
+use raw_window_handle::{HasRawDisplayHandle, RawDisplayHandle};
+
+use crate::{event::Event, monitor::MonitorHandle, platform_impl};
+
+/// Provides a way to retrieve events from the system and from the windows that were registered to
+/// the events loop.
+///
+/// An `EventLoop` can be seen more or less as a "context". Calling [`EventLoop::new`]
+/// initializes everything that will be required to create windows. For example on Linux creating
+/// an event loop opens a connection to the X or Wayland server.
+///
+/// To wake up an `EventLoop` from a another thread, see the [`EventLoopProxy`] docs.
+///
+/// Note that this cannot be shared across threads (due to platform-dependant logic
+/// forbidding it), as such it is neither [`Send`] nor [`Sync`]. If you need cross-thread access, the
+/// [`Window`] created from this _can_ be sent to an other thread, and the
+/// [`EventLoopProxy`] allows you to wake up an `EventLoop` from another thread.
+///
+/// [`Window`]: crate::window::Window
+pub struct EventLoop<T: 'static> {
+    pub(crate) event_loop: platform_impl::EventLoop<T>,
+    pub(crate) _marker: PhantomData<*mut ()>, // Not Send nor Sync
+}
+
+/// Target that associates windows with an [`EventLoop`].
+///
+/// This type exists to allow you to create new windows while Winit executes
+/// your callback. [`EventLoop`] will coerce into this type (`impl<T> Deref for
+/// EventLoop<T>`), so functions that take this as a parameter can also take
+/// `&EventLoop`.
+pub struct EventLoopWindowTarget<T: 'static> {
+    pub(crate) p: platform_impl::EventLoopWindowTarget<T>,
+    pub(crate) _marker: PhantomData<*mut ()>, // Not Send nor Sync
+}
+
+/// Object that allows building the event loop.
+///
+/// This is used to make specifying options that affect the whole application
+/// easier. But note that constructing multiple event loops is not supported.
+#[derive(Default)]
+pub struct EventLoopBuilder<T: 'static> {
+    pub(crate) platform_specific: platform_impl::PlatformSpecificEventLoopAttributes,
+    _p: PhantomData<T>,
+}
+
+impl EventLoopBuilder<()> {
+    /// Start building a new event loop.
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn new() -> Self {
+        Self::with_user_event()
+    }
+}
+
+impl<T> EventLoopBuilder<T> {
+    /// Start building a new event loop, with the given type as the user event
+    /// type.
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn with_user_event() -> Self {
+        Self {
+            platform_specific: Default::default(),
+            _p: PhantomData,
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Builds a new event loop.
+    ///
+    /// ***For cross-platform compatibility, the [`EventLoop`] must be created on the main thread,
+    /// and only once per application.***
+    ///
+    /// Attempting to create the event loop on a different thread, or multiple event loops in
+    /// the same application, will panic. This restriction isn't
+    /// strictly necessary on all platforms, but is imposed to eliminate any nasty surprises when
+    /// porting to platforms that require it. `EventLoopBuilderExt::any_thread` functions are exposed
+    /// in the relevant [`platform`] module if the target platform supports creating an event loop on
+    /// any thread.
+    ///
+    /// Calling this function will result in display backend initialisation.
+    ///
+    /// ## Platform-specific
+    ///
+    /// - **Linux:** Backend type can be controlled using an environment variable
+    ///   `WINIT_UNIX_BACKEND`. Legal values are `x11` and `wayland`.
+    ///   If it is not set, winit will try to connect to a Wayland connection, and if that fails,
+    ///   will fall back on X11. If this variable is set with any other value, winit will panic.
+    /// - **Android:** Must be configured with an `AndroidApp` from `android_main()` by calling
+    ///     [`.with_android_app(app)`] before calling `.build()`.
+    ///
+    /// [`platform`]: crate::platform
+    #[cfg_attr(
+        android,
+        doc = "[`.with_android_app(app)`]: crate::platform::android::EventLoopBuilderExtAndroid::with_android_app"
+    )]
+    #[cfg_attr(
+        not(android),
+        doc = "[`.with_android_app(app)`]: #only-available-on-android"
+    )]
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn build(&mut self) -> EventLoop<T> {
+        static EVENT_LOOP_CREATED: OnceCell<()> = OnceCell::new();
+        if EVENT_LOOP_CREATED.set(()).is_err() {
+            panic!("Creating EventLoop multiple times is not supported.");
+        }
+        // Certain platforms accept a mutable reference in their API.
+        #[allow(clippy::unnecessary_mut_passed)]
+        EventLoop {
+            event_loop: platform_impl::EventLoop::new(&mut self.platform_specific),
+            _marker: PhantomData,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<T> fmt::Debug for EventLoop<T> {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
+        f.pad("EventLoop { .. }")
+    }
+}
+
+impl<T> fmt::Debug for EventLoopWindowTarget<T> {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
+        f.pad("EventLoopWindowTarget { .. }")
+    }
+}
+
+/// Set by the user callback given to the [`EventLoop::run`] method.
+///
+/// Indicates the desired behavior of the event loop after [`Event::RedrawEventsCleared`] is emitted.
+///
+/// Defaults to [`Poll`].
+///
+/// ## Persistency
+///
+/// Almost every change is persistent between multiple calls to the event loop closure within a
+/// given run loop. The only exception to this is [`ExitWithCode`] which, once set, cannot be unset.
+/// Changes are **not** persistent between multiple calls to `run_return` - issuing a new call will
+/// reset the control flow to [`Poll`].
+///
+/// [`ExitWithCode`]: Self::ExitWithCode
+/// [`Poll`]: Self::Poll
+#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub enum ControlFlow {
+    /// When the current loop iteration finishes, immediately begin a new iteration regardless of
+    /// whether or not new events are available to process.
+    ///
+    /// ## Platform-specific
+    ///
+    /// - **Web:** Events are queued and usually sent when `requestAnimationFrame` fires but sometimes
+    ///   the events in the queue may be sent before the next `requestAnimationFrame` callback, for
+    ///   example when the scaling of the page has changed. This should be treated as an implementation
+    ///   detail which should not be relied on.
+    Poll,
+
+    /// When the current loop iteration finishes, suspend the thread until another event arrives.
+    Wait,
+
+    /// When the current loop iteration finishes, suspend the thread until either another event
+    /// arrives or the given time is reached.
+    ///
+    /// Useful for implementing efficient timers. Applications which want to render at the display's
+    /// native refresh rate should instead use [`Poll`] and the VSync functionality of a graphics API
+    /// to reduce odds of missed frames.
+    ///
+    /// [`Poll`]: Self::Poll
+    WaitUntil(Instant),
+
+    /// Send a [`LoopDestroyed`] event and stop the event loop. This variant is *sticky* - once set,
+    /// `control_flow` cannot be changed from `ExitWithCode`, and any future attempts to do so will
+    /// result in the `control_flow` parameter being reset to `ExitWithCode`.
+    ///
+    /// The contained number will be used as exit code. The [`Exit`] constant is a shortcut for this
+    /// with exit code 0.
+    ///
+    /// ## Platform-specific
+    ///
+    /// - **Android / iOS / WASM:** The supplied exit code is unused.
+    /// - **Unix:** On most Unix-like platforms, only the 8 least significant bits will be used,
+    ///   which can cause surprises with negative exit values (`-42` would end up as `214`). See
+    ///   [`std::process::exit`].
+    ///
+    /// [`LoopDestroyed`]: Event::LoopDestroyed
+    /// [`Exit`]: ControlFlow::Exit
+    ExitWithCode(i32),
+}
+
+impl ControlFlow {
+    /// Alias for [`ExitWithCode`]`(0)`.
+    ///
+    /// [`ExitWithCode`]: Self::ExitWithCode
+    #[allow(non_upper_case_globals)]
+    pub const Exit: Self = Self::ExitWithCode(0);
+
+    /// Sets this to [`Poll`].
+    ///
+    /// [`Poll`]: Self::Poll
+    pub fn set_poll(&mut self) {
+        *self = Self::Poll;
+    }
+
+    /// Sets this to [`Wait`].
+    ///
+    /// [`Wait`]: Self::Wait
+    pub fn set_wait(&mut self) {
+        *self = Self::Wait;
+    }
+
+    /// Sets this to [`WaitUntil`]`(instant)`.
+    ///
+    /// [`WaitUntil`]: Self::WaitUntil
+    pub fn set_wait_until(&mut self, instant: Instant) {
+        *self = Self::WaitUntil(instant);
+    }
+
+    /// Sets this to wait until a timeout has expired.
+    ///
+    /// In most cases, this is set to [`WaitUntil`]. However, if the timeout overflows, it is
+    /// instead set to [`Wait`].
+    ///
+    /// [`WaitUntil`]: Self::WaitUntil
+    /// [`Wait`]: Self::Wait
+    pub fn set_wait_timeout(&mut self, timeout: Duration) {
+        match Instant::now().checked_add(timeout) {
+            Some(instant) => self.set_wait_until(instant),
+            None => self.set_wait(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Sets this to [`ExitWithCode`]`(code)`.
+    ///
+    /// [`ExitWithCode`]: Self::ExitWithCode
+    pub fn set_exit_with_code(&mut self, code: i32) {
+        *self = Self::ExitWithCode(code);
+    }
+
+    /// Sets this to [`Exit`].
+    ///
+    /// [`Exit`]: Self::Exit
+    pub fn set_exit(&mut self) {
+        *self = Self::Exit;
+    }
+}
+
+impl Default for ControlFlow {
+    #[inline(always)]
+    fn default() -> Self {
+        Self::Poll
+    }
+}
+
+impl EventLoop<()> {
+    /// Alias for [`EventLoopBuilder::new().build()`].
+    ///
+    /// [`EventLoopBuilder::new().build()`]: EventLoopBuilder::build
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn new() -> EventLoop<()> {
+        EventLoopBuilder::new().build()
+    }
+}
+
+impl Default for EventLoop<()> {
+    fn default() -> Self {
+        Self::new()
+    }
+}
+
+impl<T> EventLoop<T> {
+    #[deprecated = "Use `EventLoopBuilder::<T>::with_user_event().build()` instead."]
+    pub fn with_user_event() -> EventLoop<T> {
+        EventLoopBuilder::<T>::with_user_event().build()
+    }
+
+    /// Hijacks the calling thread and initializes the winit event loop with the provided
+    /// closure. Since the closure is `'static`, it must be a `move` closure if it needs to
+    /// access any data from the calling context.
+    ///
+    /// See the [`ControlFlow`] docs for information on how changes to `&mut ControlFlow` impact the
+    /// event loop's behavior.
+    ///
+    /// Any values not passed to this function will *not* be dropped.
+    ///
+    /// ## Platform-specific
+    ///
+    /// - **X11 / Wayland:** The program terminates with exit code 1 if the display server
+    ///   disconnects.
+    ///
+    /// [`ControlFlow`]: crate::event_loop::ControlFlow
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn run<F>(self, event_handler: F) -> !
+    where
+        F: 'static + FnMut(Event<'_, T>, &EventLoopWindowTarget<T>, &mut ControlFlow),
+    {
+        self.event_loop.run(event_handler)
+    }
+
+    /// Creates an [`EventLoopProxy`] that can be used to dispatch user events to the main event loop.
+    pub fn create_proxy(&self) -> EventLoopProxy<T> {
+        EventLoopProxy {
+            event_loop_proxy: self.event_loop.create_proxy(),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+unsafe impl<T> HasRawDisplayHandle for EventLoop<T> {
+    /// Returns a [`raw_window_handle::RawDisplayHandle`] for the event loop.
+    fn raw_display_handle(&self) -> RawDisplayHandle {
+        self.event_loop.window_target().p.raw_display_handle()
+    }
+}
+
+impl<T> Deref for EventLoop<T> {
+    type Target = EventLoopWindowTarget<T>;
+    fn deref(&self) -> &EventLoopWindowTarget<T> {
+        self.event_loop.window_target()
+    }
+}
+
+impl<T> EventLoopWindowTarget<T> {
+    /// Returns the list of all the monitors available on the system.
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn available_monitors(&self) -> impl Iterator<Item = MonitorHandle> {
+        self.p
+            .available_monitors()
+            .into_iter()
+            .map(|inner| MonitorHandle { inner })
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the primary monitor of the system.
+    ///
+    /// Returns `None` if it can't identify any monitor as a primary one.
+    ///
+    /// ## Platform-specific
+    ///
+    /// **Wayland:** Always returns `None`.
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn primary_monitor(&self) -> Option<MonitorHandle> {
+        self.p
+            .primary_monitor()
+            .map(|inner| MonitorHandle { inner })
+    }
+
+    /// Change [`DeviceEvent`] filter mode.
+    ///
+    /// Since the [`DeviceEvent`] capture can lead to high CPU usage for unfocused windows, winit
+    /// will ignore them by default for unfocused windows on Linux/BSD. This method allows changing
+    /// this filter at runtime to explicitly capture them again.
+    ///
+    /// ## Platform-specific
+    ///
+    /// - **Wayland / macOS / iOS / Android / Web / Orbital:** Unsupported.
+    ///
+    /// [`DeviceEvent`]: crate::event::DeviceEvent
+    pub fn set_device_event_filter(&self, _filter: DeviceEventFilter) {
+        #[cfg(any(x11_platform, wayland_platform, windows))]
+        self.p.set_device_event_filter(_filter);
+    }
+}
+
+unsafe impl<T> HasRawDisplayHandle for EventLoopWindowTarget<T> {
+    /// Returns a [`raw_window_handle::RawDisplayHandle`] for the event loop.
+    fn raw_display_handle(&self) -> RawDisplayHandle {
+        self.p.raw_display_handle()
+    }
+}
+
+/// Used to send custom events to [`EventLoop`].
+pub struct EventLoopProxy<T: 'static> {
+    event_loop_proxy: platform_impl::EventLoopProxy<T>,
+}
+
+impl<T: 'static> Clone for EventLoopProxy<T> {
+    fn clone(&self) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            event_loop_proxy: self.event_loop_proxy.clone(),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<T: 'static> EventLoopProxy<T> {
+    /// Send an event to the [`EventLoop`] from which this proxy was created. This emits a
+    /// `UserEvent(event)` event in the event loop, where `event` is the value passed to this
+    /// function.
+    ///
+    /// Returns an `Err` if the associated [`EventLoop`] no longer exists.
+    ///
+    /// [`UserEvent(event)`]: Event::UserEvent
+    pub fn send_event(&self, event: T) -> Result<(), EventLoopClosed<T>> {
+        self.event_loop_proxy.send_event(event)
+    }
+}
+
+impl<T: 'static> fmt::Debug for EventLoopProxy<T> {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
+        f.pad("EventLoopProxy { .. }")
+    }
+}
+
+/// The error that is returned when an [`EventLoopProxy`] attempts to wake up an [`EventLoop`] that
+/// no longer exists.
+///
+/// Contains the original event given to [`EventLoopProxy::send_event`].
+#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
+pub struct EventLoopClosed<T>(pub T);
+
+impl<T> fmt::Display for EventLoopClosed<T> {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
+        f.write_str("Tried to wake up a closed `EventLoop`")
+    }
+}
+
+impl<T: fmt::Debug> error::Error for EventLoopClosed<T> {}
+
+/// Filter controlling the propagation of device events.
+#[derive(Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord, Hash, Debug)]
+pub enum DeviceEventFilter {
+    /// Always filter out device events.
+    Always,
+    /// Filter out device events while the window is not focused.
+    Unfocused,
+    /// Report all device events regardless of window focus.
+    Never,
+}
+
+impl Default for DeviceEventFilter {
+    fn default() -> Self {
+        Self::Unfocused
+    }
+}

src/icon.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,129 @@
+use crate::platform_impl::PlatformIcon;
+use std::{error::Error, fmt, io, mem};
+
+#[repr(C)]
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub(crate) struct Pixel {
+    pub(crate) r: u8,
+    pub(crate) g: u8,
+    pub(crate) b: u8,
+    pub(crate) a: u8,
+}
+
+pub(crate) const PIXEL_SIZE: usize = mem::size_of::<Pixel>();
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+/// An error produced when using [`Icon::from_rgba`] with invalid arguments.
+pub enum BadIcon {
+    /// Produced when the length of the `rgba` argument isn't divisible by 4, thus `rgba` can't be
+    /// safely interpreted as 32bpp RGBA pixels.
+    ByteCountNotDivisibleBy4 { byte_count: usize },
+    /// Produced when the number of pixels (`rgba.len() / 4`) isn't equal to `width * height`.
+    /// At least one of your arguments is incorrect.
+    DimensionsVsPixelCount {
+        width: u32,
+        height: u32,
+        width_x_height: usize,
+        pixel_count: usize,
+    },
+    /// Produced when underlying OS functionality failed to create the icon
+    OsError(io::Error),
+}
+
+impl fmt::Display for BadIcon {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
+        match self {
+            BadIcon::ByteCountNotDivisibleBy4 { byte_count } => write!(f,
+                "The length of the `rgba` argument ({byte_count:?}) isn't divisible by 4, making it impossible to interpret as 32bpp RGBA pixels.",
+            ),
+            BadIcon::DimensionsVsPixelCount {
+                width,
+                height,
+                width_x_height,
+                pixel_count,
+            } => write!(f,
+                "The specified dimensions ({width:?}x{height:?}) don't match the number of pixels supplied by the `rgba` argument ({pixel_count:?}). For those dimensions, the expected pixel count is {width_x_height:?}.",
+            ),
+            BadIcon::OsError(e) => write!(f, "OS error when instantiating the icon: {e:?}"),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl Error for BadIcon {
+    fn source(&self) -> Option<&(dyn Error + 'static)> {
+        Some(self)
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub(crate) struct RgbaIcon {
+    pub(crate) rgba: Vec<u8>,
+    pub(crate) width: u32,
+    pub(crate) height: u32,
+}
+
+/// For platforms which don't have window icons (e.g. web)
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub(crate) struct NoIcon;
+
+#[allow(dead_code)] // These are not used on every platform
+mod constructors {
+    use super::*;
+
+    impl RgbaIcon {
+        pub fn from_rgba(rgba: Vec<u8>, width: u32, height: u32) -> Result<Self, BadIcon> {
+            if rgba.len() % PIXEL_SIZE != 0 {
+                return Err(BadIcon::ByteCountNotDivisibleBy4 {
+                    byte_count: rgba.len(),
+                });
+            }
+            let pixel_count = rgba.len() / PIXEL_SIZE;
+            if pixel_count != (width * height) as usize {
+                Err(BadIcon::DimensionsVsPixelCount {
+                    width,
+                    height,
+                    width_x_height: (width * height) as usize,
+                    pixel_count,
+                })
+            } else {
+                Ok(RgbaIcon {
+                    rgba,
+                    width,
+                    height,
+                })
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    impl NoIcon {
+        pub fn from_rgba(rgba: Vec<u8>, width: u32, height: u32) -> Result<Self, BadIcon> {
+            // Create the rgba icon anyway to validate the input
+            let _ = RgbaIcon::from_rgba(rgba, width, height)?;
+            Ok(NoIcon)
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// An icon used for the window titlebar, taskbar, etc.
+#[derive(Clone)]
+pub struct Icon {
+    pub(crate) inner: PlatformIcon,
+}
+
+impl fmt::Debug for Icon {
+    fn fmt(&self, formatter: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> Result<(), fmt::Error> {
+        fmt::Debug::fmt(&self.inner, formatter)
+    }
+}
+
+impl Icon {
+    /// Creates an icon from 32bpp RGBA data.
+    ///
+    /// The length of `rgba` must be divisible by 4, and `width * height` must equal
+    /// `rgba.len() / 4`. Otherwise, this will return a `BadIcon` error.
+    pub fn from_rgba(rgba: Vec<u8>, width: u32, height: u32) -> Result<Self, BadIcon> {
+        Ok(Icon {
+            inner: PlatformIcon::from_rgba(rgba, width, height)?,
+        })
+    }
+}

src/lib.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,161 @@
+//! Winit is a cross-platform window creation and event loop management library.
+//!
+//! # Building windows
+//!
+//! Before you can build a [`Window`], you first need to build an [`EventLoop`]. This is done with the
+//! [`EventLoop::new()`] function.
+//!
+//! ```no_run
+//! use winit::event_loop::EventLoop;
+//! let event_loop = EventLoop::new();
+//! ```
+//!
+//! Once this is done there are two ways to create a [`Window`]:
+//!
+//!  - Calling [`Window::new(&event_loop)`][window_new].
+//!  - Calling [`let builder = WindowBuilder::new()`][window_builder_new] then [`builder.build(&event_loop)`][window_builder_build].
+//!
+//! The first method is the simplest, and will give you default values for everything. The second
+//! method allows you to customize the way your [`Window`] will look and behave by modifying the
+//! fields of the [`WindowBuilder`] object before you create the [`Window`].
+//!
+//! # Event handling
+//!
+//! Once a [`Window`] has been created, it will generate different *events*. A [`Window`] object can
+//! generate [`WindowEvent`]s when certain input events occur, such as a cursor moving over the
+//! window or a key getting pressed while the window is focused. Devices can generate
+//! [`DeviceEvent`]s, which contain unfiltered event data that isn't specific to a certain window.
+//! Some user activity, like mouse movement, can generate both a [`WindowEvent`] *and* a
+//! [`DeviceEvent`]. You can also create and handle your own custom [`UserEvent`]s, if desired.
+//!
+//! You can retrieve events by calling [`EventLoop::run`][event_loop_run]. This function will
+//! dispatch events for every [`Window`] that was created with that particular [`EventLoop`], and
+//! will run until the `control_flow` argument given to the closure is set to
+//! [`ControlFlow`]`::`[`ExitWithCode`] (which [`ControlFlow`]`::`[`Exit`] aliases to), at which
+//! point [`Event`]`::`[`LoopDestroyed`] is emitted and the entire program terminates.
+//!
+//! Winit no longer uses a `EventLoop::poll_events() -> impl Iterator<Event>`-based event loop
+//! model, since that can't be implemented properly on some platforms (e.g web, iOS) and works poorly on
+//! most other platforms. However, this model can be re-implemented to an extent with
+//! [`EventLoopExtRunReturn::run_return`]. See that method's documentation for more reasons about why
+//! it's discouraged, beyond compatibility reasons.
+//!
+//!
+//! ```no_run
+//! use winit::{
+//!     event::{Event, WindowEvent},
+//!     event_loop::EventLoop,
+//!     window::WindowBuilder,
+//! };
+//!
+//! let event_loop = EventLoop::new();
+//! let window = WindowBuilder::new().build(&event_loop).unwrap();
+//!
+//! event_loop.run(move |event, _, control_flow| {
+//!     // ControlFlow::Poll continuously runs the event loop, even if the OS hasn't
+//!     // dispatched any events. This is ideal for games and similar applications.
+//!     control_flow.set_poll();
+//!
+//!     // ControlFlow::Wait pauses the event loop if no events are available to process.
+//!     // This is ideal for non-game applications that only update in response to user
+//!     // input, and uses significantly less power/CPU time than ControlFlow::Poll.
+//!     control_flow.set_wait();
+//!
+//!     match event {
+//!         Event::WindowEvent {
+//!             event: WindowEvent::CloseRequested,
+//!             ..
+//!         } => {
+//!             println!("The close button was pressed; stopping");
+//!             control_flow.set_exit();
+//!         },
+//!         Event::MainEventsCleared => {
+//!             // Application update code.
+//!
+//!             // Queue a RedrawRequested event.
+//!             //
+//!             // You only need to call this if you've determined that you need to redraw, in
+//!             // applications which do not always need to. Applications that redraw continuously
+//!             // can just render here instead.
+//!             window.request_redraw();
+//!         },
+//!         Event::RedrawRequested(_) => {
+//!             // Redraw the application.
+//!             //
+//!             // It's preferable for applications that do not render continuously to render in
+//!             // this event rather than in MainEventsCleared, since rendering in here allows
+//!             // the program to gracefully handle redraws requested by the OS.
+//!         },
+//!         _ => ()
+//!     }
+//! });
+//! ```
+//!
+//! [`Event`]`::`[`WindowEvent`] has a [`WindowId`] member. In multi-window environments, it should be
+//! compared to the value returned by [`Window::id()`][window_id_fn] to determine which [`Window`]
+//! dispatched the event.
+//!
+//! # Drawing on the window
+//!
+//! Winit doesn't directly provide any methods for drawing on a [`Window`]. However it allows you to
+//! retrieve the raw handle of the window and display (see the [`platform`] module and/or the
+//! [`raw_window_handle`] and [`raw_display_handle`] methods), which in turn allows
+//!  you to create an OpenGL/Vulkan/DirectX/Metal/etc. context that can be used to render graphics.
+//!
+//! Note that many platforms will display garbage data in the window's client area if the
+//! application doesn't render anything to the window by the time the desktop compositor is ready to
+//! display the window to the user. If you notice this happening, you should create the window with
+//! [`visible` set to `false`](crate::window::WindowBuilder::with_visible) and explicitly make the
+//! window visible only once you're ready to render into it.
+//!
+//! [`EventLoop`]: event_loop::EventLoop
+//! [`EventLoopExtRunReturn::run_return`]: ./platform/run_return/trait.EventLoopExtRunReturn.html#tymethod.run_return
+//! [`EventLoop::new()`]: event_loop::EventLoop::new
+//! [event_loop_run]: event_loop::EventLoop::run
+//! [`ControlFlow`]: event_loop::ControlFlow
+//! [`Exit`]: event_loop::ControlFlow::Exit
+//! [`ExitWithCode`]: event_loop::ControlFlow::ExitWithCode
+//! [`Window`]: window::Window
+//! [`WindowId`]: window::WindowId
+//! [`WindowBuilder`]: window::WindowBuilder
+//! [window_new]: window::Window::new
+//! [window_builder_new]: window::WindowBuilder::new
+//! [window_builder_build]: window::WindowBuilder::build
+//! [window_id_fn]: window::Window::id
+//! [`Event`]: event::Event
+//! [`WindowEvent`]: event::WindowEvent
+//! [`DeviceEvent`]: event::DeviceEvent
+//! [`UserEvent`]: event::Event::UserEvent
+//! [`LoopDestroyed`]: event::Event::LoopDestroyed
+//! [`platform`]: platform
+//! [`raw_window_handle`]: ./window/struct.Window.html#method.raw_window_handle
+//! [`raw_display_handle`]: ./window/struct.Window.html#method.raw_display_handle
+
+#![deny(rust_2018_idioms)]
+#![deny(rustdoc::broken_intra_doc_links)]
+#![deny(clippy::all)]
+#![cfg_attr(feature = "cargo-clippy", deny(warnings))]
+// Doc feature labels can be tested locally by running RUSTDOCFLAGS="--cfg=docsrs" cargo +nightly doc
+#![cfg_attr(docsrs, feature(doc_auto_cfg))]
+#![allow(clippy::missing_safety_doc)]
+
+#[allow(unused_imports)]
+#[macro_use]
+extern crate log;
+#[cfg(feature = "serde")]
+#[macro_use]
+extern crate serde;
+#[macro_use]
+extern crate bitflags;
+
+pub mod dpi;
+#[macro_use]
+pub mod error;
+pub mod event;
+pub mod event_loop;
+mod icon;
+pub mod monitor;
+mod platform_impl;
+pub mod window;
+
+pub mod platform;

src/monitor.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,181 @@
+//! Types useful for interacting with a user's monitors.
+//!
+//! If you want to get basic information about a monitor, you can use the
+//! [`MonitorHandle`] type. This is retrieved from one of the following
+//! methods, which return an iterator of [`MonitorHandle`]:
+//! - [`EventLoopWindowTarget::available_monitors`](crate::event_loop::EventLoopWindowTarget::available_monitors).
+//! - [`Window::available_monitors`](crate::window::Window::available_monitors).
+use crate::{
+    dpi::{PhysicalPosition, PhysicalSize},
+    platform_impl,
+};
+
+/// Describes a fullscreen video mode of a monitor.
+///
+/// Can be acquired with [`MonitorHandle::video_modes`].
+#[derive(Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
+pub struct VideoMode {
+    pub(crate) video_mode: platform_impl::VideoMode,
+}
+
+impl std::fmt::Debug for VideoMode {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
+        self.video_mode.fmt(f)
+    }
+}
+
+impl PartialOrd for VideoMode {
+    fn partial_cmp(&self, other: &VideoMode) -> Option<std::cmp::Ordering> {
+        Some(self.cmp(other))
+    }
+}
+
+impl Ord for VideoMode {
+    fn cmp(&self, other: &VideoMode) -> std::cmp::Ordering {
+        // TODO: we can impl `Ord` for `PhysicalSize` once we switch from `f32`
+        // to `u32` there
+        let size: (u32, u32) = self.size().into();
+        let other_size: (u32, u32) = other.size().into();
+        self.monitor().cmp(&other.monitor()).then(
+            size.cmp(&other_size)
+                .then(
+                    self.refresh_rate_millihertz()
+                        .cmp(&other.refresh_rate_millihertz())
+                        .then(self.bit_depth().cmp(&other.bit_depth())),
+                )
+                .reverse(),
+        )
+    }
+}
+
+impl VideoMode {
+    /// Returns the resolution of this video mode.
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn size(&self) -> PhysicalSize<u32> {
+        self.video_mode.size()
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the bit depth of this video mode, as in how many bits you have
+    /// available per color. This is generally 24 bits or 32 bits on modern
+    /// systems, depending on whether the alpha channel is counted or not.
+    ///
+    /// ## Platform-specific
+    ///
+    /// - **Wayland / Orbital:** Always returns 32.
+    /// - **iOS:** Always returns 32.
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn bit_depth(&self) -> u16 {
+        self.video_mode.bit_depth()
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the refresh rate of this video mode in mHz.
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn refresh_rate_millihertz(&self) -> u32 {
+        self.video_mode.refresh_rate_millihertz()
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the monitor that this video mode is valid for. Each monitor has
+    /// a separate set of valid video modes.
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn monitor(&self) -> MonitorHandle {
+        MonitorHandle {
+            inner: self.video_mode.monitor(),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl std::fmt::Display for VideoMode {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
+        write!(
+            f,
+            "{}x{} @ {} mHz ({} bpp)",
+            self.size().width,
+            self.size().height,
+            self.refresh_rate_millihertz(),
+            self.bit_depth()
+        )
+    }
+}
+
+/// Handle to a monitor.
+///
+/// Allows you to retrieve information about a given monitor and can be used in [`Window`] creation.
+///
+/// [`Window`]: crate::window::Window
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord)]
+pub struct MonitorHandle {
+    pub(crate) inner: platform_impl::MonitorHandle,
+}
+
+impl MonitorHandle {
+    /// Returns a human-readable name of the monitor.
+    ///
+    /// Returns `None` if the monitor doesn't exist anymore.
+    ///
+    /// ## Platform-specific
+    ///
+    /// - **Web:** Always returns None
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn name(&self) -> Option<String> {
+        self.inner.name()
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the monitor's resolution.
+    ///
+    /// ## Platform-specific
+    ///
+    /// - **Web:** Always returns (0,0)
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn size(&self) -> PhysicalSize<u32> {
+        self.inner.size()
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the top-left corner position of the monitor relative to the larger full
+    /// screen area.
+    ///
+    /// ## Platform-specific
+    ///
+    /// - **Web:** Always returns (0,0)
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn position(&self) -> PhysicalPosition<i32> {
+        self.inner.position()
+    }
+
+    /// The monitor refresh rate used by the system.
+    ///
+    /// Return `Some` if succeed, or `None` if failed, which usually happens when the monitor
+    /// the window is on is removed.
+    ///
+    /// When using exclusive fullscreen, the refresh rate of the [`VideoMode`] that was used to
+    /// enter fullscreen should be used instead.
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn refresh_rate_millihertz(&self) -> Option<u32> {
+        self.inner.refresh_rate_millihertz()
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the scale factor that can be used to map logical pixels to physical pixels, and vice versa.
+    ///
+    /// See the [`dpi`](crate::dpi) module for more information.
+    ///
+    /// ## Platform-specific
+    ///
+    /// - **X11:** Can be overridden using the `WINIT_X11_SCALE_FACTOR` environment variable.
+    /// - **Android:** Always returns 1.0.
+    /// - **Web:** Always returns 1.0
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn scale_factor(&self) -> f64 {
+        self.inner.scale_factor()
+    }
+
+    /// Returns all fullscreen video modes supported by this monitor.
+    ///
+    /// ## Platform-specific
+    ///
+    /// - **Web:** Always returns an empty iterator
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn video_modes(&self) -> impl Iterator<Item = VideoMode> {
+        self.inner
+            .video_modes()
+            .map(|video_mode| VideoMode { video_mode })
+    }
+}

src/platform/android.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+use crate::{
+    event_loop::{EventLoop, EventLoopBuilder, EventLoopWindowTarget},
+    window::{Window, WindowBuilder},
+};
+
+use android_activity::{AndroidApp, ConfigurationRef, Rect};
+
+/// Additional methods on [`EventLoop`] that are specific to Android.
+pub trait EventLoopExtAndroid {}
+
+impl<T> EventLoopExtAndroid for EventLoop<T> {}
+
+/// Additional methods on [`EventLoopWindowTarget`] that are specific to Android.
+pub trait EventLoopWindowTargetExtAndroid {}
+
+/// Additional methods on [`Window`] that are specific to Android.
+pub trait WindowExtAndroid {
+    fn content_rect(&self) -> Rect;
+
+    fn config(&self) -> ConfigurationRef;
+}
+
+impl WindowExtAndroid for Window {
+    fn content_rect(&self) -> Rect {
+        self.window.content_rect()
+    }
+
+    fn config(&self) -> ConfigurationRef {
+        self.window.config()
+    }
+}
+
+impl<T> EventLoopWindowTargetExtAndroid for EventLoopWindowTarget<T> {}
+
+/// Additional methods on [`WindowBuilder`] that are specific to Android.
+pub trait WindowBuilderExtAndroid {}
+
+impl WindowBuilderExtAndroid for WindowBuilder {}
+
+pub trait EventLoopBuilderExtAndroid {
+    /// Associates the `AndroidApp` that was passed to `android_main()` with the event loop
+    ///
+    /// This must be called on Android since the `AndroidApp` is not global state.
+    fn with_android_app(&mut self, app: AndroidApp) -> &mut Self;
+}
+
+impl<T> EventLoopBuilderExtAndroid for EventLoopBuilder<T> {
+    fn with_android_app(&mut self, app: AndroidApp) -> &mut Self {
+        self.platform_specific.android_app = Some(app);
+        self
+    }
+}
+
+/// Re-export of the `android_activity` API
+///
+/// Winit re-exports the `android_activity` API for convenience so that most
+/// applications can rely on the Winit crate to resolve the required version of
+/// `android_activity` and avoid any chance of a conflict between Winit and the
+/// application crate.
+///
+/// Unlike most libraries there can only be a single implementation
+/// of the `android_activity` glue crate linked with an application because
+/// it is responsible for the application's `android_main()` entry point.
+///
+/// Since Winit depends on a specific version of `android_activity` the simplest
+/// way to avoid creating a conflict is for applications to avoid explicitly
+/// depending on the `android_activity` crate, and instead consume the API that
+/// is re-exported by Winit.
+///
+/// For compatibility applications should then import the `AndroidApp` type for
+/// their `android_main(app: AndroidApp)` function like:
+/// ```rust
+/// #[cfg(target_os="android")]
+/// use winit::platform::android::activity::AndroidApp;
+/// ```
+pub mod activity {
+    pub use android_activity::*;
+}

src/platform/ios.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,306 @@
+use std::os::raw::c_void;
+
+use objc2::rc::Id;
+
+use crate::{
+    event_loop::EventLoop,
+    monitor::{MonitorHandle, VideoMode},
+    window::{Window, WindowBuilder},
+};
+
+/// Additional methods on [`EventLoop`] that are specific to iOS.
+pub trait EventLoopExtIOS {
+    /// Returns the [`Idiom`] (phone/tablet/tv/etc) for the current device.
+    fn idiom(&self) -> Idiom;
+}
+
+impl<T: 'static> EventLoopExtIOS for EventLoop<T> {
+    fn idiom(&self) -> Idiom {
+        self.event_loop.idiom()
+    }
+}
+
+/// Additional methods on [`Window`] that are specific to iOS.
+pub trait WindowExtIOS {
+    /// Returns a pointer to the [`UIWindow`] that is used by this window.
+    ///
+    /// The pointer will become invalid when the [`Window`] is destroyed.
+    ///
+    /// [`UIWindow`]: https://developer.apple.com/documentation/uikit/uiwindow?language=objc
+    fn ui_window(&self) -> *mut c_void;
+
+    /// Returns a pointer to the [`UIViewController`] that is used by this window.
+    ///
+    /// The pointer will become invalid when the [`Window`] is destroyed.
+    ///
+    /// [`UIViewController`]: https://developer.apple.com/documentation/uikit/uiviewcontroller?language=objc
+    fn ui_view_controller(&self) -> *mut c_void;
+
+    /// Returns a pointer to the [`UIView`] that is used by this window.
+    ///
+    /// The pointer will become invalid when the [`Window`] is destroyed.
+    ///
+    /// [`UIView`]: https://developer.apple.com/documentation/uikit/uiview?language=objc
+    fn ui_view(&self) -> *mut c_void;
+
+    /// Sets the [`contentScaleFactor`] of the underlying [`UIWindow`] to `scale_factor`.
+    ///
+    /// The default value is device dependent, and it's recommended GLES or Metal applications set
+    /// this to [`MonitorHandle::scale_factor()`].
+    ///
+    /// [`UIWindow`]: https://developer.apple.com/documentation/uikit/uiwindow?language=objc
+    /// [`contentScaleFactor`]: https://developer.apple.com/documentation/uikit/uiview/1622657-contentscalefactor?language=objc
+    fn set_scale_factor(&self, scale_factor: f64);
+
+    /// Sets the valid orientations for the [`Window`].
+    ///
+    /// The default value is [`ValidOrientations::LandscapeAndPortrait`].
+    ///
+    /// This changes the value returned by
+    /// [`-[UIViewController supportedInterfaceOrientations]`](https://developer.apple.com/documentation/uikit/uiviewcontroller/1621435-supportedinterfaceorientations?language=objc),
+    /// and then calls
+    /// [`-[UIViewController attemptRotationToDeviceOrientation]`](https://developer.apple.com/documentation/uikit/uiviewcontroller/1621400-attemptrotationtodeviceorientati?language=objc).
+    fn set_valid_orientations(&self, valid_orientations: ValidOrientations);
+
+    /// Sets whether the [`Window`] prefers the home indicator hidden.
+    ///
+    /// The default is to prefer showing the home indicator.
+    ///
+    /// This changes the value returned by
+    /// [`-[UIViewController prefersHomeIndicatorAutoHidden]`](https://developer.apple.com/documentation/uikit/uiviewcontroller/2887510-prefershomeindicatorautohidden?language=objc),
+    /// and then calls
+    /// [`-[UIViewController setNeedsUpdateOfHomeIndicatorAutoHidden]`](https://developer.apple.com/documentation/uikit/uiviewcontroller/2887509-setneedsupdateofhomeindicatoraut?language=objc).
+    ///
+    /// This only has an effect on iOS 11.0+.
+    fn set_prefers_home_indicator_hidden(&self, hidden: bool);
+
+    /// Sets the screen edges for which the system gestures will take a lower priority than the
+    /// application's touch handling.
+    ///
+    /// This changes the value returned by
+    /// [`-[UIViewController preferredScreenEdgesDeferringSystemGestures]`](https://developer.apple.com/documentation/uikit/uiviewcontroller/2887512-preferredscreenedgesdeferringsys?language=objc),
+    /// and then calls
+    /// [`-[UIViewController setNeedsUpdateOfScreenEdgesDeferringSystemGestures]`](https://developer.apple.com/documentation/uikit/uiviewcontroller/2887507-setneedsupdateofscreenedgesdefer?language=objc).
+    ///
+    /// This only has an effect on iOS 11.0+.
+    fn set_preferred_screen_edges_deferring_system_gestures(&self, edges: ScreenEdge);
+
+    /// Sets whether the [`Window`] prefers the status bar hidden.
+    ///
+    /// The default is to prefer showing the status bar.
+    ///
+    /// This changes the value returned by
+    /// [`-[UIViewController prefersStatusBarHidden]`](https://developer.apple.com/documentation/uikit/uiviewcontroller/1621440-prefersstatusbarhidden?language=objc),
+    /// and then calls
+    /// [`-[UIViewController setNeedsStatusBarAppearanceUpdate]`](https://developer.apple.com/documentation/uikit/uiviewcontroller/1621354-setneedsstatusbarappearanceupdat?language=objc).
+    fn set_prefers_status_bar_hidden(&self, hidden: bool);
+}
+
+impl WindowExtIOS for Window {
+    #[inline]
+    fn ui_window(&self) -> *mut c_void {
+        self.window.ui_window()
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn ui_view_controller(&self) -> *mut c_void {
+        self.window.ui_view_controller()
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn ui_view(&self) -> *mut c_void {
+        self.window.ui_view()
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn set_scale_factor(&self, scale_factor: f64) {
+        self.window.set_scale_factor(scale_factor)
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn set_valid_orientations(&self, valid_orientations: ValidOrientations) {
+        self.window.set_valid_orientations(valid_orientations)
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn set_prefers_home_indicator_hidden(&self, hidden: bool) {
+        self.window.set_prefers_home_indicator_hidden(hidden)
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn set_preferred_screen_edges_deferring_system_gestures(&self, edges: ScreenEdge) {
+        self.window
+            .set_preferred_screen_edges_deferring_system_gestures(edges)
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn set_prefers_status_bar_hidden(&self, hidden: bool) {
+        self.window.set_prefers_status_bar_hidden(hidden)
+    }
+}
+
+/// Additional methods on [`WindowBuilder`] that are specific to iOS.
+pub trait WindowBuilderExtIOS {
+    /// Sets the [`contentScaleFactor`] of the underlying [`UIWindow`] to `scale_factor`.
+    ///
+    /// The default value is device dependent, and it's recommended GLES or Metal applications set
+    /// this to [`MonitorHandle::scale_factor()`].
+    ///
+    /// [`UIWindow`]: https://developer.apple.com/documentation/uikit/uiwindow?language=objc
+    /// [`contentScaleFactor`]: https://developer.apple.com/documentation/uikit/uiview/1622657-contentscalefactor?language=objc
+    fn with_scale_factor(self, scale_factor: f64) -> WindowBuilder;
+
+    /// Sets the valid orientations for the [`Window`].
+    ///
+    /// The default value is [`ValidOrientations::LandscapeAndPortrait`].
+    ///
+    /// This sets the initial value returned by
+    /// [`-[UIViewController supportedInterfaceOrientations]`](https://developer.apple.com/documentation/uikit/uiviewcontroller/1621435-supportedinterfaceorientations?language=objc).
+    fn with_valid_orientations(self, valid_orientations: ValidOrientations) -> WindowBuilder;
+
+    /// Sets whether the [`Window`] prefers the home indicator hidden.
+    ///
+    /// The default is to prefer showing the home indicator.
+    ///
+    /// This sets the initial value returned by
+    /// [`-[UIViewController prefersHomeIndicatorAutoHidden]`](https://developer.apple.com/documentation/uikit/uiviewcontroller/2887510-prefershomeindicatorautohidden?language=objc).
+    ///
+    /// This only has an effect on iOS 11.0+.
+    fn with_prefers_home_indicator_hidden(self, hidden: bool) -> WindowBuilder;
+
+    /// Sets the screen edges for which the system gestures will take a lower priority than the
+    /// application's touch handling.
+    ///
+    /// This sets the initial value returned by
+    /// [`-[UIViewController preferredScreenEdgesDeferringSystemGestures]`](https://developer.apple.com/documentation/uikit/uiviewcontroller/2887512-preferredscreenedgesdeferringsys?language=objc).
+    ///
+    /// This only has an effect on iOS 11.0+.
+    fn with_preferred_screen_edges_deferring_system_gestures(
+        self,
+        edges: ScreenEdge,
+    ) -> WindowBuilder;
+
+    /// Sets whether the [`Window`] prefers the status bar hidden.
+    ///
+    /// The default is to prefer showing the status bar.
+    ///
+    /// This sets the initial value returned by
+    /// [`-[UIViewController prefersStatusBarHidden]`](https://developer.apple.com/documentation/uikit/uiviewcontroller/1621440-prefersstatusbarhidden?language=objc).
+    fn with_prefers_status_bar_hidden(self, hidden: bool) -> WindowBuilder;
+}
+
+impl WindowBuilderExtIOS for WindowBuilder {
+    #[inline]
+    fn with_scale_factor(mut self, scale_factor: f64) -> WindowBuilder {
+        self.platform_specific.scale_factor = Some(scale_factor);
+        self
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn with_valid_orientations(mut self, valid_orientations: ValidOrientations) -> WindowBuilder {
+        self.platform_specific.valid_orientations = valid_orientations;
+        self
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn with_prefers_home_indicator_hidden(mut self, hidden: bool) -> WindowBuilder {
+        self.platform_specific.prefers_home_indicator_hidden = hidden;
+        self
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn with_preferred_screen_edges_deferring_system_gestures(
+        mut self,
+        edges: ScreenEdge,
+    ) -> WindowBuilder {
+        self.platform_specific
+            .preferred_screen_edges_deferring_system_gestures = edges;
+        self
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn with_prefers_status_bar_hidden(mut self, hidden: bool) -> WindowBuilder {
+        self.platform_specific.prefers_status_bar_hidden = hidden;
+        self
+    }
+}
+
+/// Additional methods on [`MonitorHandle`] that are specific to iOS.
+pub trait MonitorHandleExtIOS {
+    /// Returns a pointer to the [`UIScreen`] that is used by this monitor.
+    ///
+    /// [`UIScreen`]: https://developer.apple.com/documentation/uikit/uiscreen?language=objc
+    fn ui_screen(&self) -> *mut c_void;
+
+    /// Returns the preferred [`VideoMode`] for this monitor.
+    ///
+    /// This translates to a call to [`-[UIScreen preferredMode]`](https://developer.apple.com/documentation/uikit/uiscreen/1617823-preferredmode?language=objc).
+    fn preferred_video_mode(&self) -> VideoMode;
+}
+
+impl MonitorHandleExtIOS for MonitorHandle {
+    #[inline]
+    fn ui_screen(&self) -> *mut c_void {
+        Id::as_ptr(self.inner.ui_screen()) as *mut c_void
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn preferred_video_mode(&self) -> VideoMode {
+        VideoMode {
+            video_mode: self.inner.preferred_video_mode(),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Valid orientations for a particular [`Window`].
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug)]
+pub enum ValidOrientations {
+    /// Excludes `PortraitUpsideDown` on iphone
+    LandscapeAndPortrait,
+
+    Landscape,
+
+    /// Excludes `PortraitUpsideDown` on iphone
+    Portrait,
+}
+
+impl Default for ValidOrientations {
+    #[inline]
+    fn default() -> ValidOrientations {
+        ValidOrientations::LandscapeAndPortrait
+    }
+}
+
+/// The device [idiom].
+///
+/// [idiom]: https://developer.apple.com/documentation/uikit/uidevice/1620037-userinterfaceidiom?language=objc
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub enum Idiom {
+    Unspecified,
+
+    /// iPhone and iPod touch.
+    Phone,
+
+    /// iPad.
+    Pad,
+
+    /// tvOS and Apple TV.
+    TV,
+    CarPlay,
+}
+
+bitflags! {
+    /// The [edges] of a screen.
+    ///
+    /// [edges]: https://developer.apple.com/documentation/uikit/uirectedge?language=objc
+    #[derive(Default)]
+    pub struct ScreenEdge: u8 {
+        const NONE   = 0;
+        const TOP    = 1 << 0;
+        const LEFT   = 1 << 1;
+        const BOTTOM = 1 << 2;
+        const RIGHT  = 1 << 3;
+        const ALL = ScreenEdge::TOP.bits | ScreenEdge::LEFT.bits
+            | ScreenEdge::BOTTOM.bits | ScreenEdge::RIGHT.bits;
+    }
+}

src/platform/macos.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,371 @@
+use std::os::raw::c_void;
+
+use objc2::rc::Id;
+
+use crate::{
+    event_loop::{EventLoopBuilder, EventLoopWindowTarget},
+    monitor::MonitorHandle,
+    window::{Window, WindowBuilder},
+};
+
+/// Additional methods on [`Window`] that are specific to MacOS.
+pub trait WindowExtMacOS {
+    /// Returns a pointer to the cocoa `NSWindow` that is used by this window.
+    ///
+    /// The pointer will become invalid when the [`Window`] is destroyed.
+    fn ns_window(&self) -> *mut c_void;
+
+    /// Returns a pointer to the cocoa `NSView` that is used by this window.
+    ///
+    /// The pointer will become invalid when the [`Window`] is destroyed.
+    fn ns_view(&self) -> *mut c_void;
+
+    /// Returns whether or not the window is in simple fullscreen mode.
+    fn simple_fullscreen(&self) -> bool;
+
+    /// Toggles a fullscreen mode that doesn't require a new macOS space.
+    /// Returns a boolean indicating whether the transition was successful (this
+    /// won't work if the window was already in the native fullscreen).
+    ///
+    /// This is how fullscreen used to work on macOS in versions before Lion.
+    /// And allows the user to have a fullscreen window without using another
+    /// space or taking control over the entire monitor.
+    fn set_simple_fullscreen(&self, fullscreen: bool) -> bool;
+
+    /// Returns whether or not the window has shadow.
+    fn has_shadow(&self) -> bool;
+
+    /// Sets whether or not the window has shadow.
+    fn set_has_shadow(&self, has_shadow: bool);
+
+    /// Get the window's edit state.
+    ///
+    /// # Examples
+    ///
+    /// ```ignore
+    /// WindowEvent::CloseRequested => {
+    ///     if window.is_document_edited() {
+    ///         // Show the user a save pop-up or similar
+    ///     } else {
+    ///         // Close the window
+    ///         drop(window);
+    ///     }
+    /// }
+    /// ```
+    fn is_document_edited(&self) -> bool;
+
+    /// Put the window in a state which indicates a file save is required.
+    fn set_document_edited(&self, edited: bool);
+
+    /// Set option as alt behavior as described in [`OptionAsAlt`].
+    ///
+    /// This will ignore diacritical marks and accent characters from
+    /// being processed as received characters. Instead, the input
+    /// device's raw character will be placed in event queues with the
+    /// Alt modifier set.
+    fn set_option_as_alt(&self, option_as_alt: OptionAsAlt);
+
+    /// Getter for the [`WindowExtMacOS::set_option_as_alt`].
+    fn option_as_alt(&self) -> OptionAsAlt;
+}
+
+impl WindowExtMacOS for Window {
+    #[inline]
+    fn ns_window(&self) -> *mut c_void {
+        self.window.ns_window()
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn ns_view(&self) -> *mut c_void {
+        self.window.ns_view()
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn simple_fullscreen(&self) -> bool {
+        self.window.simple_fullscreen()
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn set_simple_fullscreen(&self, fullscreen: bool) -> bool {
+        self.window.set_simple_fullscreen(fullscreen)
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn has_shadow(&self) -> bool {
+        self.window.has_shadow()
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn set_has_shadow(&self, has_shadow: bool) {
+        self.window.set_has_shadow(has_shadow)
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn is_document_edited(&self) -> bool {
+        self.window.is_document_edited()
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn set_document_edited(&self, edited: bool) {
+        self.window.set_document_edited(edited)
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn set_option_as_alt(&self, option_as_alt: OptionAsAlt) {
+        self.window.set_option_as_alt(option_as_alt)
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn option_as_alt(&self) -> OptionAsAlt {
+        self.window.option_as_alt()
+    }
+}
+
+/// Corresponds to `NSApplicationActivationPolicy`.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
+pub enum ActivationPolicy {
+    /// Corresponds to `NSApplicationActivationPolicyRegular`.
+    Regular,
+    /// Corresponds to `NSApplicationActivationPolicyAccessory`.
+    Accessory,
+    /// Corresponds to `NSApplicationActivationPolicyProhibited`.
+    Prohibited,
+}
+
+impl Default for ActivationPolicy {
+    fn default() -> Self {
+        ActivationPolicy::Regular
+    }
+}
+
+/// Additional methods on [`WindowBuilder`] that are specific to MacOS.
+///
+/// **Note:** Properties dealing with the titlebar will be overwritten by the [`WindowBuilder::with_decorations`] method:
+/// - `with_titlebar_transparent`
+/// - `with_title_hidden`
+/// - `with_titlebar_hidden`
+/// - `with_titlebar_buttons_hidden`
+/// - `with_fullsize_content_view`
+pub trait WindowBuilderExtMacOS {
+    /// Enables click-and-drag behavior for the entire window, not just the titlebar.
+    fn with_movable_by_window_background(self, movable_by_window_background: bool)
+        -> WindowBuilder;
+    /// Makes the titlebar transparent and allows the content to appear behind it.
+    fn with_titlebar_transparent(self, titlebar_transparent: bool) -> WindowBuilder;
+    /// Hides the window title.
+    fn with_title_hidden(self, title_hidden: bool) -> WindowBuilder;
+    /// Hides the window titlebar.
+    fn with_titlebar_hidden(self, titlebar_hidden: bool) -> WindowBuilder;
+    /// Hides the window titlebar buttons.
+    fn with_titlebar_buttons_hidden(self, titlebar_buttons_hidden: bool) -> WindowBuilder;
+    /// Makes the window content appear behind the titlebar.
+    fn with_fullsize_content_view(self, fullsize_content_view: bool) -> WindowBuilder;
+    fn with_disallow_hidpi(self, disallow_hidpi: bool) -> WindowBuilder;
+    fn with_has_shadow(self, has_shadow: bool) -> WindowBuilder;
+    /// Window accepts click-through mouse events.
+    fn with_accepts_first_mouse(self, accepts_first_mouse: bool) -> WindowBuilder;
+
+    /// Set whether the `OptionAsAlt` key is interpreted as the `Alt` modifier.
+    ///
+    /// See [`WindowExtMacOS::set_option_as_alt`] for details on what this means if set.
+    fn with_option_as_alt(self, option_as_alt: OptionAsAlt) -> WindowBuilder;
+}
+
+impl WindowBuilderExtMacOS for WindowBuilder {
+    #[inline]
+    fn with_movable_by_window_background(
+        mut self,
+        movable_by_window_background: bool,
+    ) -> WindowBuilder {
+        self.platform_specific.movable_by_window_background = movable_by_window_background;
+        self
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn with_titlebar_transparent(mut self, titlebar_transparent: bool) -> WindowBuilder {
+        self.platform_specific.titlebar_transparent = titlebar_transparent;
+        self
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn with_titlebar_hidden(mut self, titlebar_hidden: bool) -> WindowBuilder {
+        self.platform_specific.titlebar_hidden = titlebar_hidden;
+        self
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn with_titlebar_buttons_hidden(mut self, titlebar_buttons_hidden: bool) -> WindowBuilder {
+        self.platform_specific.titlebar_buttons_hidden = titlebar_buttons_hidden;
+        self
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn with_title_hidden(mut self, title_hidden: bool) -> WindowBuilder {
+        self.platform_specific.title_hidden = title_hidden;
+        self
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn with_fullsize_content_view(mut self, fullsize_content_view: bool) -> WindowBuilder {
+        self.platform_specific.fullsize_content_view = fullsize_content_view;
+        self
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn with_disallow_hidpi(mut self, disallow_hidpi: bool) -> WindowBuilder {
+        self.platform_specific.disallow_hidpi = disallow_hidpi;
+        self
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn with_has_shadow(mut self, has_shadow: bool) -> WindowBuilder {
+        self.platform_specific.has_shadow = has_shadow;
+        self
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn with_accepts_first_mouse(mut self, accepts_first_mouse: bool) -> WindowBuilder {
+        self.platform_specific.accepts_first_mouse = accepts_first_mouse;
+        self
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn with_option_as_alt(mut self, option_as_alt: OptionAsAlt) -> WindowBuilder {
+        self.platform_specific.option_as_alt = option_as_alt;
+        self
+    }
+}
+
+pub trait EventLoopBuilderExtMacOS {
+    /// Sets the activation policy for the application.
+    ///
+    /// It is set to [`ActivationPolicy::Regular`] by default.
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// Set the activation policy to "accessory".
+    ///
+    /// ```
+    /// use winit::event_loop::EventLoopBuilder;
+    /// #[cfg(target_os = "macos")]
+    /// use winit::platform::macos::{EventLoopBuilderExtMacOS, ActivationPolicy};
+    ///
+    /// let mut builder = EventLoopBuilder::new();
+    /// #[cfg(target_os = "macos")]
+    /// builder.with_activation_policy(ActivationPolicy::Accessory);
+    /// # if false { // We can't test this part
+    /// let event_loop = builder.build();
+    /// # }
+    /// ```
+    fn with_activation_policy(&mut self, activation_policy: ActivationPolicy) -> &mut Self;
+
+    /// Used to control whether a default menubar menu is created.
+    ///
+    /// Menu creation is enabled by default.
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// Disable creating a default menubar.
+    ///
+    /// ```
+    /// use winit::event_loop::EventLoopBuilder;
+    /// #[cfg(target_os = "macos")]
+    /// use winit::platform::macos::EventLoopBuilderExtMacOS;
+    ///
+    /// let mut builder = EventLoopBuilder::new();
+    /// #[cfg(target_os = "macos")]
+    /// builder.with_default_menu(false);
+    /// # if false { // We can't test this part
+    /// let event_loop = builder.build();
+    /// # }
+    /// ```
+    fn with_default_menu(&mut self, enable: bool) -> &mut Self;
+
+    /// Used to prevent the application from automatically activating when launched if
+    /// another application is already active.
+    ///
+    /// The default behavior is to ignore other applications and activate when launched.
+    fn with_activate_ignoring_other_apps(&mut self, ignore: bool) -> &mut Self;
+}
+
+impl<T> EventLoopBuilderExtMacOS for EventLoopBuilder<T> {
+    #[inline]
+    fn with_activation_policy(&mut self, activation_policy: ActivationPolicy) -> &mut Self {
+        self.platform_specific.activation_policy = activation_policy;
+        self
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn with_default_menu(&mut self, enable: bool) -> &mut Self {
+        self.platform_specific.default_menu = enable;
+        self
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn with_activate_ignoring_other_apps(&mut self, ignore: bool) -> &mut Self {
+        self.platform_specific.activate_ignoring_other_apps = ignore;
+        self
+    }
+}
+
+/// Additional methods on [`MonitorHandle`] that are specific to MacOS.
+pub trait MonitorHandleExtMacOS {
+    /// Returns the identifier of the monitor for Cocoa.
+    fn native_id(&self) -> u32;
+    /// Returns a pointer to the NSScreen representing this monitor.
+    fn ns_screen(&self) -> Option<*mut c_void>;
+}
+
+impl MonitorHandleExtMacOS for MonitorHandle {
+    #[inline]
+    fn native_id(&self) -> u32 {
+        self.inner.native_identifier()
+    }
+
+    fn ns_screen(&self) -> Option<*mut c_void> {
+        self.inner.ns_screen().map(|s| Id::as_ptr(&s) as _)
+    }
+}
+
+/// Additional methods on [`EventLoopWindowTarget`] that are specific to macOS.
+pub trait EventLoopWindowTargetExtMacOS {
+    /// Hide the entire application. In most applications this is typically triggered with Command-H.
+    fn hide_application(&self);
+    /// Hide the other applications. In most applications this is typically triggered with Command+Option-H.
+    fn hide_other_applications(&self);
+}
+
+impl<T> EventLoopWindowTargetExtMacOS for EventLoopWindowTarget<T> {
+    fn hide_application(&self) {
+        self.p.hide_application()
+    }
+
+    fn hide_other_applications(&self) {
+        self.p.hide_other_applications()
+    }
+}
+
+/// Option as alt behavior.
+///
+/// The default is `None`.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
+pub enum OptionAsAlt {
+    /// The left `Option` key is treated as `Alt`.
+    OnlyLeft,
+
+    /// The right `Option` key is treated as `Alt`.
+    OnlyRight,
+
+    /// Both `Option` keys are treated as `Alt`.
+    Both,
+
+    /// No special handling is applied for `Option` key.
+    None,
+}
+
+impl Default for OptionAsAlt {
+    fn default() -> Self {
+        OptionAsAlt::None
+    }
+}

src/platform/mod.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+//! Contains traits with platform-specific methods in them.
+//!
+//! Contains the follow OS-specific modules:
+//!
+//!  - `android`
+//!  - `ios`
+//!  - `macos`
+//!  - `unix`
+//!  - `windows`
+//!  - `web`
+//!
+//! And the following platform-specific module:
+//!
+//! - `run_return` (available on `windows`, `unix`, `macos`, and `android`)
+//!
+//! However only the module corresponding to the platform you're compiling to will be available.
+
+#[cfg(android_platform)]
+pub mod android;
+#[cfg(ios_platform)]
+pub mod ios;
+#[cfg(macos_platform)]
+pub mod macos;
+#[cfg(orbital_platform)]
+pub mod orbital;
+#[cfg(wayland_platform)]
+pub mod wayland;
+#[cfg(wasm_platform)]
+pub mod web;
+#[cfg(windows_platform)]
+pub mod windows;
+#[cfg(x11_platform)]
+pub mod x11;
+
+#[cfg(any(
+    windows_platform,
+    macos_platform,
+    android_platform,
+    x11_platform,
+    wayland_platform,
+    orbital_platform
+))]
+pub mod run_return;

src/platform/orbital.rs

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+// There are no Orbital specific traits yet.

src/platform/run_return.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+use crate::{
+    event::Event,
+    event_loop::{ControlFlow, EventLoop, EventLoopWindowTarget},
+};
+
+/// Additional methods on [`EventLoop`] to return control flow to the caller.
+pub trait EventLoopExtRunReturn {
+    /// A type provided by the user that can be passed through [`Event::UserEvent`].
+    type UserEvent;
+
+    /// Initializes the `winit` event loop.
+    ///
+    /// Unlike [`EventLoop::run`], this function accepts non-`'static` (i.e. non-`move`) closures
+    /// and returns control flow to the caller when `control_flow` is set to [`ControlFlow::Exit`].
+    ///
+    /// # Caveats
+    ///
+    /// Despite its appearance at first glance, this is *not* a perfect replacement for
+    /// `poll_events`. For example, this function will not return on Windows or macOS while a
+    /// window is getting resized, resulting in all application logic outside of the
+    /// `event_handler` closure not running until the resize operation ends. Other OS operations
+    /// may also result in such freezes. This behavior is caused by fundamental limitations in the
+    /// underlying OS APIs, which cannot be hidden by `winit` without severe stability repercussions.
+    ///
+    /// You are strongly encouraged to use `run`, unless the use of this is absolutely necessary.
+    ///
+    /// ## Platform-specific
+    ///
+    /// - **X11 / Wayland:** This function returns `1` upon disconnection from
+    ///   the display server.
+    fn run_return<F>(&mut self, event_handler: F) -> i32
+    where
+        F: FnMut(
+            Event<'_, Self::UserEvent>,
+            &EventLoopWindowTarget<Self::UserEvent>,
+            &mut ControlFlow,
+        );
+}
+
+impl<T> EventLoopExtRunReturn for EventLoop<T> {
+    type UserEvent = T;
+
+    fn run_return<F>(&mut self, event_handler: F) -> i32
+    where
+        F: FnMut(
+            Event<'_, Self::UserEvent>,
+            &EventLoopWindowTarget<Self::UserEvent>,
+            &mut ControlFlow,
+        ),
+    {
+        self.event_loop.run_return(event_handler)
+    }
+}

src/platform/wayland.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,144 @@
+use std::os::raw;
+
+use crate::{
+    event_loop::{EventLoopBuilder, EventLoopWindowTarget},
+    monitor::MonitorHandle,
+    window::{Window, WindowBuilder},
+};
+
+use crate::platform_impl::{
+    ApplicationName, Backend, EventLoopWindowTarget as LinuxEventLoopWindowTarget,
+    Window as LinuxWindow,
+};
+
+pub use crate::window::Theme;
+
+/// Additional methods on [`EventLoopWindowTarget`] that are specific to Wayland.
+pub trait EventLoopWindowTargetExtWayland {
+    /// True if the [`EventLoopWindowTarget`] uses Wayland.
+    fn is_wayland(&self) -> bool;
+
+    /// Returns a pointer to the `wl_display` object of wayland that is used by this
+    /// [`EventLoopWindowTarget`].
+    ///
+    /// Returns `None` if the [`EventLoop`] doesn't use wayland (if it uses xlib for example).
+    ///
+    /// The pointer will become invalid when the winit [`EventLoop`] is destroyed.
+    ///
+    /// [`EventLoop`]: crate::event_loop::EventLoop
+    fn wayland_display(&self) -> Option<*mut raw::c_void>;
+}
+
+impl<T> EventLoopWindowTargetExtWayland for EventLoopWindowTarget<T> {
+    #[inline]
+    fn is_wayland(&self) -> bool {
+        self.p.is_wayland()
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn wayland_display(&self) -> Option<*mut raw::c_void> {
+        match self.p {
+            LinuxEventLoopWindowTarget::Wayland(ref p) => {
+                Some(p.display().get_display_ptr() as *mut _)
+            }
+            #[cfg(x11_platform)]
+            _ => None,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Additional methods on [`EventLoopBuilder`] that are specific to Wayland.
+pub trait EventLoopBuilderExtWayland {
+    /// Force using Wayland.
+    fn with_wayland(&mut self) -> &mut Self;
+
+    /// Whether to allow the event loop to be created off of the main thread.
+    ///
+    /// By default, the window is only allowed to be created on the main
+    /// thread, to make platform compatibility easier.
+    fn with_any_thread(&mut self, any_thread: bool) -> &mut Self;
+}
+
+impl<T> EventLoopBuilderExtWayland for EventLoopBuilder<T> {
+    #[inline]
+    fn with_wayland(&mut self) -> &mut Self {
+        self.platform_specific.forced_backend = Some(Backend::Wayland);
+        self
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn with_any_thread(&mut self, any_thread: bool) -> &mut Self {
+        self.platform_specific.any_thread = any_thread;
+        self
+    }
+}
+
+/// Additional methods on [`Window`] that are specific to Wayland.
+pub trait WindowExtWayland {
+    /// Returns a pointer to the `wl_surface` object of wayland that is used by this window.
+    ///
+    /// Returns `None` if the window doesn't use wayland (if it uses xlib for example).
+    ///
+    /// The pointer will become invalid when the [`Window`] is destroyed.
+    fn wayland_surface(&self) -> Option<*mut raw::c_void>;
+
+    /// Returns a pointer to the `wl_display` object of wayland that is used by this window.
+    ///
+    /// Returns `None` if the window doesn't use wayland (if it uses xlib for example).
+    ///
+    /// The pointer will become invalid when the [`Window`] is destroyed.
+    fn wayland_display(&self) -> Option<*mut raw::c_void>;
+}
+
+impl WindowExtWayland for Window {
+    #[inline]
+    fn wayland_surface(&self) -> Option<*mut raw::c_void> {
+        match self.window {
+            LinuxWindow::Wayland(ref w) => Some(w.surface().as_ref().c_ptr() as *mut _),
+            #[cfg(x11_platform)]
+            _ => None,
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn wayland_display(&self) -> Option<*mut raw::c_void> {
+        match self.window {
+            LinuxWindow::Wayland(ref w) => Some(w.display().get_display_ptr() as *mut _),
+            #[cfg(x11_platform)]
+            _ => None,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Additional methods on [`WindowBuilder`] that are specific to Wayland.
+pub trait WindowBuilderExtWayland {
+    /// Build window with the given name.
+    ///
+    /// The `general` name sets an application ID, which should match the `.desktop`
+    /// file destributed with your program. The `instance` is a `no-op`.
+    ///
+    /// For details about application ID conventions, see the
+    /// [Desktop Entry Spec](https://specifications.freedesktop.org/desktop-entry-spec/desktop-entry-spec-latest.html#desktop-file-id)
+    fn with_name(self, general: impl Into<String>, instance: impl Into<String>) -> Self;
+}
+
+impl WindowBuilderExtWayland for WindowBuilder {
+    #[inline]
+    fn with_name(mut self, general: impl Into<String>, instance: impl Into<String>) -> Self {
+        self.platform_specific.name = Some(ApplicationName::new(general.into(), instance.into()));
+        self
+    }
+}
+
+/// Additional methods on `MonitorHandle` that are specific to Wayland.
+pub trait MonitorHandleExtWayland {
+    /// Returns the inner identifier of the monitor.
+    fn native_id(&self) -> u32;
+}
+
+impl MonitorHandleExtWayland for MonitorHandle {
+    #[inline]
+    fn native_id(&self) -> u32 {
+        self.inner.native_identifier()
+    }
+}

src/platform/web.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+//! The web target does not automatically insert the canvas element object into the web page, to
+//! allow end users to determine how the page should be laid out. Use the [`WindowExtWebSys`] trait
+//! to retrieve the canvas from the Window. Alternatively, use the [`WindowBuilderExtWebSys`] trait
+//! to provide your own canvas.
+
+use crate::event::Event;
+use crate::event_loop::ControlFlow;
+use crate::event_loop::EventLoop;
+use crate::event_loop::EventLoopWindowTarget;
+use crate::window::WindowBuilder;
+
+use web_sys::HtmlCanvasElement;
+
+pub trait WindowExtWebSys {
+    fn canvas(&self) -> HtmlCanvasElement;
+
+    /// Whether the browser reports the preferred color scheme to be "dark".
+    fn is_dark_mode(&self) -> bool;
+}
+
+pub trait WindowBuilderExtWebSys {
+    fn with_canvas(self, canvas: Option<HtmlCanvasElement>) -> Self;
+
+    /// Whether `event.preventDefault` should be automatically called to prevent event propagation
+    /// when appropriate.
+    ///
+    /// For example, mouse wheel events are only handled by the canvas by default. This avoids
+    /// the default behavior of scrolling the page.
+    fn with_prevent_default(self, prevent_default: bool) -> Self;
+
+    /// Whether the canvas should be focusable using the tab key. This is necessary to capture
+    /// canvas keyboard events.
+    fn with_focusable(self, focusable: bool) -> Self;
+}
+
+impl WindowBuilderExtWebSys for WindowBuilder {
+    fn with_canvas(mut self, canvas: Option<HtmlCanvasElement>) -> Self {
+        self.platform_specific.canvas = canvas;
+
+        self
+    }
+
+    fn with_prevent_default(mut self, prevent_default: bool) -> Self {
+        self.platform_specific.prevent_default = prevent_default;
+
+        self
+    }
+
+    fn with_focusable(mut self, focusable: bool) -> Self {
+        self.platform_specific.focusable = focusable;
+
+        self
+    }
+}
+
+/// Additional methods on `EventLoop` that are specific to the web.
+pub trait EventLoopExtWebSys {
+    /// A type provided by the user that can be passed through `Event::UserEvent`.
+    type UserEvent;
+
+    /// Initializes the winit event loop.
+    ///
+    /// Unlike `run`, this returns immediately, and doesn't throw an exception in order to
+    /// satisfy its `!` return type.
+    fn spawn<F>(self, event_handler: F)
+    where
+        F: 'static
+            + FnMut(
+                Event<'_, Self::UserEvent>,
+                &EventLoopWindowTarget<Self::UserEvent>,
+                &mut ControlFlow,
+            );
+}
+
+impl<T> EventLoopExtWebSys for EventLoop<T> {
+    type UserEvent = T;
+
+    fn spawn<F>(self, event_handler: F)
+    where
+        F: 'static
+            + FnMut(
+                Event<'_, Self::UserEvent>,
+                &EventLoopWindowTarget<Self::UserEvent>,
+                &mut ControlFlow,
+            ),
+    {
+        self.event_loop.spawn(event_handler)
+    }
+}

src/platform/windows.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,346 @@
+use std::{ffi::c_void, path::Path};
+
+use crate::{
+    dpi::PhysicalSize,
+    event::DeviceId,
+    event_loop::EventLoopBuilder,
+    monitor::MonitorHandle,
+    platform_impl::WinIcon,
+    window::{BadIcon, Icon, Window, WindowBuilder},
+};
+
+/// Window Handle type used by Win32 API
+pub type HWND = isize;
+/// Menu Handle type used by Win32 API
+pub type HMENU = isize;
+/// Monitor Handle type used by Win32 API
+pub type HMONITOR = isize;
+/// Instance Handle type used by Win32 API
+pub type HINSTANCE = isize;
+
+/// Additional methods on `EventLoop` that are specific to Windows.
+pub trait EventLoopBuilderExtWindows {
+    /// Whether to allow the event loop to be created off of the main thread.
+    ///
+    /// By default, the window is only allowed to be created on the main
+    /// thread, to make platform compatibility easier.
+    ///
+    /// # `Window` caveats
+    ///
+    /// Note that any `Window` created on the new thread will be destroyed when the thread
+    /// terminates. Attempting to use a `Window` after its parent thread terminates has
+    /// unspecified, although explicitly not undefined, behavior.
+    fn with_any_thread(&mut self, any_thread: bool) -> &mut Self;
+
+    /// Whether to enable process-wide DPI awareness.
+    ///
+    /// By default, `winit` will attempt to enable process-wide DPI awareness. If
+    /// that's undesirable, you can disable it with this function.
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// Disable process-wide DPI awareness.
+    ///
+    /// ```
+    /// use winit::event_loop::EventLoopBuilder;
+    /// #[cfg(target_os = "windows")]
+    /// use winit::platform::windows::EventLoopBuilderExtWindows;
+    ///
+    /// let mut builder = EventLoopBuilder::new();
+    /// #[cfg(target_os = "windows")]
+    /// builder.with_dpi_aware(false);
+    /// # if false { // We can't test this part
+    /// let event_loop = builder.build();
+    /// # }
+    /// ```
+    fn with_dpi_aware(&mut self, dpi_aware: bool) -> &mut Self;
+
+    /// A callback to be executed before dispatching a win32 message to the window procedure.
+    /// Return true to disable winit's internal message dispatching.
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// ```
+    /// # use windows_sys::Win32::UI::WindowsAndMessaging::{ACCEL, CreateAcceleratorTableW, TranslateAcceleratorW, DispatchMessageW, TranslateMessage, MSG};
+    /// use winit::event_loop::EventLoopBuilder;
+    /// #[cfg(target_os = "windows")]
+    /// use winit::platform::windows::EventLoopBuilderExtWindows;
+    ///
+    /// let mut builder = EventLoopBuilder::new();
+    /// #[cfg(target_os = "windows")]
+    /// builder.with_msg_hook(|msg|{
+    ///     let msg = msg as *const MSG;
+    /// #   let accels: Vec<ACCEL> = Vec::new();
+    ///     let translated = unsafe {
+    ///         TranslateAcceleratorW(
+    ///             (*msg).hwnd,
+    ///             CreateAcceleratorTableW(accels.as_ptr() as _, 1),
+    ///             msg,
+    ///         ) == 1
+    ///     };
+    ///     translated
+    /// });
+    /// ```
+    fn with_msg_hook<F>(&mut self, callback: F) -> &mut Self
+    where
+        F: FnMut(*const c_void) -> bool + 'static;
+}
+
+impl<T> EventLoopBuilderExtWindows for EventLoopBuilder<T> {
+    #[inline]
+    fn with_any_thread(&mut self, any_thread: bool) -> &mut Self {
+        self.platform_specific.any_thread = any_thread;
+        self
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn with_dpi_aware(&mut self, dpi_aware: bool) -> &mut Self {
+        self.platform_specific.dpi_aware = dpi_aware;
+        self
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn with_msg_hook<F>(&mut self, callback: F) -> &mut Self
+    where
+        F: FnMut(*const c_void) -> bool + 'static,
+    {
+        self.platform_specific.msg_hook = Some(Box::new(callback));
+        self
+    }
+}
+
+/// Additional methods on `Window` that are specific to Windows.
+pub trait WindowExtWindows {
+    /// Returns the HINSTANCE of the window
+    fn hinstance(&self) -> HINSTANCE;
+    /// Returns the native handle that is used by this window.
+    ///
+    /// The pointer will become invalid when the native window was destroyed.
+    fn hwnd(&self) -> HWND;
+
+    /// Enables or disables mouse and keyboard input to the specified window.
+    ///
+    /// A window must be enabled before it can be activated.
+    /// If an application has create a modal dialog box by disabling its owner window
+    /// (as described in [`WindowBuilderExtWindows::with_owner_window`]), the application must enable
+    /// the owner window before destroying the dialog box.
+    /// Otherwise, another window will receive the keyboard focus and be activated.
+    ///
+    /// If a child window is disabled, it is ignored when the system tries to determine which
+    /// window should receive mouse messages.
+    ///
+    /// For more information, see <https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/api/winuser/nf-winuser-enablewindow#remarks>
+    /// and <https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/winmsg/window-features#disabled-windows>
+    fn set_enable(&self, enabled: bool);
+
+    /// This sets `ICON_BIG`. A good ceiling here is 256x256.
+    fn set_taskbar_icon(&self, taskbar_icon: Option<Icon>);
+
+    /// Whether to show or hide the window icon in the taskbar.
+    fn set_skip_taskbar(&self, skip: bool);
+
+    /// Shows or hides the background drop shadow for undecorated windows.
+    ///
+    /// Enabling the shadow causes a thin 1px line to appear on the top of the window.
+    fn set_undecorated_shadow(&self, shadow: bool);
+}
+
+impl WindowExtWindows for Window {
+    #[inline]
+    fn hinstance(&self) -> HINSTANCE {
+        self.window.hinstance()
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn hwnd(&self) -> HWND {
+        self.window.hwnd()
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn set_enable(&self, enabled: bool) {
+        self.window.set_enable(enabled)
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn set_taskbar_icon(&self, taskbar_icon: Option<Icon>) {
+        self.window.set_taskbar_icon(taskbar_icon)
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn set_skip_taskbar(&self, skip: bool) {
+        self.window.set_skip_taskbar(skip)
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn set_undecorated_shadow(&self, shadow: bool) {
+        self.window.set_undecorated_shadow(shadow)
+    }
+}
+
+/// Additional methods on `WindowBuilder` that are specific to Windows.
+pub trait WindowBuilderExtWindows {
+    /// Set an owner to the window to be created. Can be used to create a dialog box, for example.
+    /// This only works when [`WindowBuilder::with_parent_window`] isn't called or set to `None`.
+    /// Can be used in combination with [`WindowExtWindows::set_enable(false)`](WindowExtWindows::set_enable)
+    /// on the owner window to create a modal dialog box.
+    ///
+    /// From MSDN:
+    /// - An owned window is always above its owner in the z-order.
+    /// - The system automatically destroys an owned window when its owner is destroyed.
+    /// - An owned window is hidden when its owner is minimized.
+    ///
+    /// For more information, see <https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/winmsg/window-features#owned-windows>
+    fn with_owner_window(self, parent: HWND) -> WindowBuilder;
+
+    /// Sets a menu on the window to be created.
+    ///
+    /// Parent and menu are mutually exclusive; a child window cannot have a menu!
+    ///
+    /// The menu must have been manually created beforehand with [`CreateMenu`] or similar.
+    ///
+    /// Note: Dark mode cannot be supported for win32 menus, it's simply not possible to change how the menus look.
+    /// If you use this, it is recommended that you combine it with `with_theme(Some(Theme::Light))` to avoid a jarring effect.
+    ///
+    /// [`CreateMenu`]: windows_sys::Win32::UI::WindowsAndMessaging::CreateMenu
+    fn with_menu(self, menu: HMENU) -> WindowBuilder;
+
+    /// This sets `ICON_BIG`. A good ceiling here is 256x256.
+    fn with_taskbar_icon(self, taskbar_icon: Option<Icon>) -> WindowBuilder;
+
+    /// This sets `WS_EX_NOREDIRECTIONBITMAP`.
+    fn with_no_redirection_bitmap(self, flag: bool) -> WindowBuilder;
+
+    /// Enables or disables drag and drop support (enabled by default). Will interfere with other crates
+    /// that use multi-threaded COM API (`CoInitializeEx` with `COINIT_MULTITHREADED` instead of
+    /// `COINIT_APARTMENTTHREADED`) on the same thread. Note that winit may still attempt to initialize
+    /// COM API regardless of this option. Currently only fullscreen mode does that, but there may be more in the future.
+    /// If you need COM API with `COINIT_MULTITHREADED` you must initialize it before calling any winit functions.
+    /// See <https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/api/objbase/nf-objbase-coinitialize#remarks> for more information.
+    fn with_drag_and_drop(self, flag: bool) -> WindowBuilder;
+
+    /// Whether show or hide the window icon in the taskbar.
+    fn with_skip_taskbar(self, skip: bool) -> WindowBuilder;
+
+    /// Shows or hides the background drop shadow for undecorated windows.
+    ///
+    /// The shadow is hidden by default.
+    /// Enabling the shadow causes a thin 1px line to appear on the top of the window.
+    fn with_undecorated_shadow(self, shadow: bool) -> WindowBuilder;
+}
+
+impl WindowBuilderExtWindows for WindowBuilder {
+    #[inline]
+    fn with_owner_window(mut self, parent: HWND) -> WindowBuilder {
+        self.platform_specific.owner = Some(parent);
+        self
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn with_menu(mut self, menu: HMENU) -> WindowBuilder {
+        self.platform_specific.menu = Some(menu);
+        self
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn with_taskbar_icon(mut self, taskbar_icon: Option<Icon>) -> WindowBuilder {
+        self.platform_specific.taskbar_icon = taskbar_icon;
+        self
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn with_no_redirection_bitmap(mut self, flag: bool) -> WindowBuilder {
+        self.platform_specific.no_redirection_bitmap = flag;
+        self
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn with_drag_and_drop(mut self, flag: bool) -> WindowBuilder {
+        self.platform_specific.drag_and_drop = flag;
+        self
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn with_skip_taskbar(mut self, skip: bool) -> WindowBuilder {
+        self.platform_specific.skip_taskbar = skip;
+        self
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn with_undecorated_shadow(mut self, shadow: bool) -> WindowBuilder {
+        self.platform_specific.decoration_shadow = shadow;
+        self
+    }
+}
+
+/// Additional methods on `MonitorHandle` that are specific to Windows.
+pub trait MonitorHandleExtWindows {
+    /// Returns the name of the monitor adapter specific to the Win32 API.
+    fn native_id(&self) -> String;
+
+    /// Returns the handle of the monitor - `HMONITOR`.
+    fn hmonitor(&self) -> HMONITOR;
+}
+
+impl MonitorHandleExtWindows for MonitorHandle {
+    #[inline]
+    fn native_id(&self) -> String {
+        self.inner.native_identifier()
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn hmonitor(&self) -> HMONITOR {
+        self.inner.hmonitor()
+    }
+}
+
+/// Additional methods on `DeviceId` that are specific to Windows.
+pub trait DeviceIdExtWindows {
+    /// Returns an identifier that persistently refers to this specific device.
+    ///
+    /// Will return `None` if the device is no longer available.
+    fn persistent_identifier(&self) -> Option<String>;
+}
+
+impl DeviceIdExtWindows for DeviceId {
+    #[inline]
+    fn persistent_identifier(&self) -> Option<String> {
+        self.0.persistent_identifier()
+    }
+}
+
+/// Additional methods on `Icon` that are specific to Windows.
+pub trait IconExtWindows: Sized {
+    /// Create an icon from a file path.
+    ///
+    /// Specify `size` to load a specific icon size from the file, or `None` to load the default
+    /// icon size from the file.
+    ///
+    /// In cases where the specified size does not exist in the file, Windows may perform scaling
+    /// to get an icon of the desired size.
+    fn from_path<P: AsRef<Path>>(path: P, size: Option<PhysicalSize<u32>>)
+        -> Result<Self, BadIcon>;
+
+    /// Create an icon from a resource embedded in this executable or library.
+    ///
+    /// Specify `size` to load a specific icon size from the file, or `None` to load the default
+    /// icon size from the file.
+    ///
+    /// In cases where the specified size does not exist in the file, Windows may perform scaling
+    /// to get an icon of the desired size.
+    fn from_resource(ordinal: u16, size: Option<PhysicalSize<u32>>) -> Result<Self, BadIcon>;
+}
+
+impl IconExtWindows for Icon {
+    fn from_path<P: AsRef<Path>>(
+        path: P,
+        size: Option<PhysicalSize<u32>>,
+    ) -> Result<Self, BadIcon> {
+        let win_icon = WinIcon::from_path(path, size)?;
+        Ok(Icon { inner: win_icon })
+    }
+
+    fn from_resource(ordinal: u16, size: Option<PhysicalSize<u32>>) -> Result<Self, BadIcon> {
+        let win_icon = WinIcon::from_resource(ordinal, size)?;
+        Ok(Icon { inner: win_icon })
+    }
+}

src/platform/x11.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,233 @@
+use std::os::raw;
+use std::ptr;
+
+use crate::{
+    event_loop::{EventLoopBuilder, EventLoopWindowTarget},
+    monitor::MonitorHandle,
+    window::{Window, WindowBuilder},
+};
+
+use crate::dpi::Size;
+use crate::platform_impl::{
+    x11::ffi::XVisualInfo, ApplicationName, Backend, Window as LinuxWindow, XLIB_ERROR_HOOKS,
+};
+
+pub use crate::platform_impl::{x11::util::WindowType as XWindowType, XNotSupported};
+
+/// The first argument in the provided hook will be the pointer to `XDisplay`
+/// and the second one the pointer to [`XErrorEvent`]. The returned `bool` is an
+/// indicator whether the error was handled by the callback.
+///
+/// [`XErrorEvent`]: https://linux.die.net/man/3/xerrorevent
+pub type XlibErrorHook =
+    Box<dyn Fn(*mut std::ffi::c_void, *mut std::ffi::c_void) -> bool + Send + Sync>;
+
+/// Hook to winit's xlib error handling callback.
+///
+/// This method is provided as a safe way to handle the errors comming from X11
+/// when using xlib in external crates, like glutin for GLX access. Trying to
+/// handle errors by speculating with `XSetErrorHandler` is [`unsafe`].
+///
+/// **Be aware that your hook is always invoked and returning `true` from it will
+/// prevent `winit` from getting the error itself. It's wise to always return
+/// `false` if you're not initiated the `Sync`.**
+///
+/// [`unsafe`]: https://www.remlab.net/op/xlib.shtml
+#[inline]
+pub fn register_xlib_error_hook(hook: XlibErrorHook) {
+    // Append new hook.
+    unsafe {
+        XLIB_ERROR_HOOKS.lock().unwrap().push(hook);
+    }
+}
+
+/// Additional methods on [`EventLoopWindowTarget`] that are specific to X11.
+pub trait EventLoopWindowTargetExtX11 {
+    /// True if the [`EventLoopWindowTarget`] uses X11.
+    fn is_x11(&self) -> bool;
+}
+
+impl<T> EventLoopWindowTargetExtX11 for EventLoopWindowTarget<T> {
+    #[inline]
+    fn is_x11(&self) -> bool {
+        !self.p.is_wayland()
+    }
+}
+
+/// Additional methods on [`EventLoopBuilder`] that are specific to X11.
+pub trait EventLoopBuilderExtX11 {
+    /// Force using X11.
+    fn with_x11(&mut self) -> &mut Self;
+
+    /// Whether to allow the event loop to be created off of the main thread.
+    ///
+    /// By default, the window is only allowed to be created on the main
+    /// thread, to make platform compatibility easier.
+    fn with_any_thread(&mut self, any_thread: bool) -> &mut Self;
+}
+
+impl<T> EventLoopBuilderExtX11 for EventLoopBuilder<T> {
+    #[inline]
+    fn with_x11(&mut self) -> &mut Self {
+        self.platform_specific.forced_backend = Some(Backend::X);
+        self
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn with_any_thread(&mut self, any_thread: bool) -> &mut Self {
+        self.platform_specific.any_thread = any_thread;
+        self
+    }
+}
+
+/// Additional methods on [`Window`] that are specific to X11.
+pub trait WindowExtX11 {
+    /// Returns the ID of the [`Window`] xlib object that is used by this window.
+    ///
+    /// Returns `None` if the window doesn't use xlib (if it uses wayland for example).
+    fn xlib_window(&self) -> Option<raw::c_ulong>;
+
+    /// Returns a pointer to the `Display` object of xlib that is used by this window.
+    ///
+    /// Returns `None` if the window doesn't use xlib (if it uses wayland for example).
+    ///
+    /// The pointer will become invalid when the [`Window`] is destroyed.
+    fn xlib_display(&self) -> Option<*mut raw::c_void>;
+
+    fn xlib_screen_id(&self) -> Option<raw::c_int>;
+
+    /// This function returns the underlying `xcb_connection_t` of an xlib `Display`.
+    ///
+    /// Returns `None` if the window doesn't use xlib (if it uses wayland for example).
+    ///
+    /// The pointer will become invalid when the [`Window`] is destroyed.
+    fn xcb_connection(&self) -> Option<*mut raw::c_void>;
+}
+
+impl WindowExtX11 for Window {
+    #[inline]
+    fn xlib_window(&self) -> Option<raw::c_ulong> {
+        match self.window {
+            LinuxWindow::X(ref w) => Some(w.xlib_window()),
+            #[cfg(wayland_platform)]
+            _ => None,
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn xlib_display(&self) -> Option<*mut raw::c_void> {
+        match self.window {
+            LinuxWindow::X(ref w) => Some(w.xlib_display()),
+            #[cfg(wayland_platform)]
+            _ => None,
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn xlib_screen_id(&self) -> Option<raw::c_int> {
+        match self.window {
+            LinuxWindow::X(ref w) => Some(w.xlib_screen_id()),
+            #[cfg(wayland_platform)]
+            _ => None,
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn xcb_connection(&self) -> Option<*mut raw::c_void> {
+        match self.window {
+            LinuxWindow::X(ref w) => Some(w.xcb_connection()),
+            #[cfg(wayland_platform)]
+            _ => None,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Additional methods on [`WindowBuilder`] that are specific to X11.
+pub trait WindowBuilderExtX11 {
+    fn with_x11_visual<T>(self, visual_infos: *const T) -> Self;
+
+    fn with_x11_screen(self, screen_id: i32) -> Self;
+
+    /// Build window with the given `general` and `instance` names.
+    ///
+    /// The `general` sets general class of `WM_CLASS(STRING)`, while `instance` set the
+    /// instance part of it. The resulted property looks like `WM_CLASS(STRING) = "general", "instance"`.
+    ///
+    /// For details about application ID conventions, see the
+    /// [Desktop Entry Spec](https://specifications.freedesktop.org/desktop-entry-spec/desktop-entry-spec-latest.html#desktop-file-id)
+    fn with_name(self, general: impl Into<String>, instance: impl Into<String>) -> Self;
+
+    /// Build window with override-redirect flag; defaults to false. Only relevant on X11.
+    fn with_override_redirect(self, override_redirect: bool) -> Self;
+
+    /// Build window with `_NET_WM_WINDOW_TYPE` hints; defaults to `Normal`. Only relevant on X11.
+    fn with_x11_window_type(self, x11_window_type: Vec<XWindowType>) -> Self;
+
+    /// Build window with base size hint. Only implemented on X11.
+    ///
+    /// ```
+    /// # use winit::dpi::{LogicalSize, PhysicalSize};
+    /// # use winit::window::WindowBuilder;
+    /// # use winit::platform::x11::WindowBuilderExtX11;
+    /// // Specify the size in logical dimensions like this:
+    /// WindowBuilder::new().with_base_size(LogicalSize::new(400.0, 200.0));
+    ///
+    /// // Or specify the size in physical dimensions like this:
+    /// WindowBuilder::new().with_base_size(PhysicalSize::new(400, 200));
+    /// ```
+    fn with_base_size<S: Into<Size>>(self, base_size: S) -> Self;
+}
+
+impl WindowBuilderExtX11 for WindowBuilder {
+    #[inline]
+    fn with_x11_visual<T>(mut self, visual_infos: *const T) -> Self {
+        {
+            self.platform_specific.visual_infos =
+                Some(unsafe { ptr::read(visual_infos as *const XVisualInfo) });
+        }
+        self
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn with_x11_screen(mut self, screen_id: i32) -> Self {
+        self.platform_specific.screen_id = Some(screen_id);
+        self
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn with_name(mut self, general: impl Into<String>, instance: impl Into<String>) -> Self {
+        self.platform_specific.name = Some(ApplicationName::new(general.into(), instance.into()));
+        self
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn with_override_redirect(mut self, override_redirect: bool) -> Self {
+        self.platform_specific.override_redirect = override_redirect;
+        self
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn with_x11_window_type(mut self, x11_window_types: Vec<XWindowType>) -> Self {
+        self.platform_specific.x11_window_types = x11_window_types;
+        self
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn with_base_size<S: Into<Size>>(mut self, base_size: S) -> Self {
+        self.platform_specific.base_size = Some(base_size.into());
+        self
+    }
+}
+
+/// Additional methods on `MonitorHandle` that are specific to X11.
+pub trait MonitorHandleExtX11 {
+    /// Returns the inner identifier of the monitor.
+    fn native_id(&self) -> u32;
+}
+
+impl MonitorHandleExtX11 for MonitorHandle {
+    #[inline]
+    fn native_id(&self) -> u32 {
+        self.inner.native_identifier()
+    }
+}

src/platform_impl/ios/app_state.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,992 @@
+#![deny(unused_results)]
+
+use std::{
+    cell::{RefCell, RefMut},
+    collections::HashSet,
+    mem,
+    os::raw::c_void,
+    ptr,
+    time::Instant,
+};
+
+use core_foundation::base::CFRelease;
+use core_foundation::date::CFAbsoluteTimeGetCurrent;
+use core_foundation::runloop::{
+    kCFRunLoopCommonModes, CFRunLoopAddTimer, CFRunLoopGetMain, CFRunLoopRef, CFRunLoopTimerCreate,
+    CFRunLoopTimerInvalidate, CFRunLoopTimerRef, CFRunLoopTimerSetNextFireDate,
+};
+use objc2::foundation::{CGRect, CGSize, NSInteger, NSProcessInfo};
+use objc2::rc::{Id, Shared};
+use objc2::runtime::Object;
+use objc2::{msg_send, sel};
+use once_cell::sync::Lazy;
+
+use super::uikit::UIView;
+use super::view::WinitUIWindow;
+use crate::{
+    dpi::LogicalSize,
+    event::{Event, StartCause, WindowEvent},
+    event_loop::ControlFlow,
+    platform_impl::platform::{
+        event_loop::{EventHandler, EventProxy, EventWrapper, Never},
+        ffi::NSOperatingSystemVersion,
+    },
+    window::WindowId as RootWindowId,
+};
+
+macro_rules! bug {
+    ($($msg:tt)*) => {
+        panic!("winit iOS bug, file an issue: {}", format!($($msg)*))
+    };
+}
+
+macro_rules! bug_assert {
+    ($test:expr, $($msg:tt)*) => {
+        assert!($test, "winit iOS bug, file an issue: {}", format!($($msg)*))
+    };
+}
+
+enum UserCallbackTransitionResult<'a> {
+    Success {
+        event_handler: Box<dyn EventHandler>,
+        active_control_flow: ControlFlow,
+        processing_redraws: bool,
+    },
+    ReentrancyPrevented {
+        queued_events: &'a mut Vec<EventWrapper>,
+    },
+}
+
+impl Event<'static, Never> {
+    fn is_redraw(&self) -> bool {
+        matches!(self, Event::RedrawRequested(_))
+    }
+}
+
+// this is the state machine for the app lifecycle
+#[derive(Debug)]
+#[must_use = "dropping `AppStateImpl` without inspecting it is probably a bug"]
+enum AppStateImpl {
+    NotLaunched {
+        queued_windows: Vec<Id<WinitUIWindow, Shared>>,
+        queued_events: Vec<EventWrapper>,
+        queued_gpu_redraws: HashSet<Id<WinitUIWindow, Shared>>,
+    },
+    Launching {
+        queued_windows: Vec<Id<WinitUIWindow, Shared>>,
+        queued_events: Vec<EventWrapper>,
+        queued_event_handler: Box<dyn EventHandler>,
+        queued_gpu_redraws: HashSet<Id<WinitUIWindow, Shared>>,
+    },
+    ProcessingEvents {
+        event_handler: Box<dyn EventHandler>,
+        queued_gpu_redraws: HashSet<Id<WinitUIWindow, Shared>>,
+        active_control_flow: ControlFlow,
+    },
+    // special state to deal with reentrancy and prevent mutable aliasing.
+    InUserCallback {
+        queued_events: Vec<EventWrapper>,
+        queued_gpu_redraws: HashSet<Id<WinitUIWindow, Shared>>,
+    },
+    ProcessingRedraws {
+        event_handler: Box<dyn EventHandler>,
+        active_control_flow: ControlFlow,
+    },
+    Waiting {
+        waiting_event_handler: Box<dyn EventHandler>,
+        start: Instant,
+    },
+    PollFinished {
+        waiting_event_handler: Box<dyn EventHandler>,
+    },
+    Terminated,
+}
+
+struct AppState {
+    // This should never be `None`, except for briefly during a state transition.
+    app_state: Option<AppStateImpl>,
+    control_flow: ControlFlow,
+    waker: EventLoopWaker,
+}
+
+impl AppState {
+    // requires main thread
+    unsafe fn get_mut() -> RefMut<'static, AppState> {
+        // basically everything in UIKit requires the main thread, so it's pointless to use the
+        // std::sync APIs.
+        // must be mut because plain `static` requires `Sync`
+        static mut APP_STATE: RefCell<Option<AppState>> = RefCell::new(None);
+
+        if cfg!(debug_assertions) {
+            assert_main_thread!(
+                "bug in winit: `AppState::get_mut()` can only be called on the main thread"
+            );
+        }
+        let mut guard = APP_STATE.borrow_mut();
+        if guard.is_none() {
+            #[inline(never)]
+            #[cold]
+            unsafe fn init_guard(guard: &mut RefMut<'static, Option<AppState>>) {
+                let waker = EventLoopWaker::new(CFRunLoopGetMain());
+                **guard = Some(AppState {
+                    app_state: Some(AppStateImpl::NotLaunched {
+                        queued_windows: Vec::new(),
+                        queued_events: Vec::new(),
+                        queued_gpu_redraws: HashSet::new(),
+                    }),
+                    control_flow: ControlFlow::default(),
+                    waker,
+                });
+            }
+            init_guard(&mut guard)
+        }
+        RefMut::map(guard, |state| state.as_mut().unwrap())
+    }
+
+    fn state(&self) -> &AppStateImpl {
+        match &self.app_state {
+            Some(ref state) => state,
+            None => bug!("`AppState` previously failed a state transition"),
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn state_mut(&mut self) -> &mut AppStateImpl {
+        match &mut self.app_state {
+            Some(ref mut state) => state,
+            None => bug!("`AppState` previously failed a state transition"),
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn take_state(&mut self) -> AppStateImpl {
+        match self.app_state.take() {
+            Some(state) => state,
+            None => bug!("`AppState` previously failed a state transition"),
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn set_state(&mut self, new_state: AppStateImpl) {
+        bug_assert!(
+            self.app_state.is_none(),
+            "attempted to set an `AppState` without calling `take_state` first {:?}",
+            self.app_state
+        );
+        self.app_state = Some(new_state)
+    }
+
+    fn replace_state(&mut self, new_state: AppStateImpl) -> AppStateImpl {
+        match &mut self.app_state {
+            Some(ref mut state) => mem::replace(state, new_state),
+            None => bug!("`AppState` previously failed a state transition"),
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn has_launched(&self) -> bool {
+        !matches!(
+            self.state(),
+            AppStateImpl::NotLaunched { .. } | AppStateImpl::Launching { .. }
+        )
+    }
+
+    fn will_launch_transition(&mut self, queued_event_handler: Box<dyn EventHandler>) {
+        let (queued_windows, queued_events, queued_gpu_redraws) = match self.take_state() {
+            AppStateImpl::NotLaunched {
+                queued_windows,
+                queued_events,
+                queued_gpu_redraws,
+            } => (queued_windows, queued_events, queued_gpu_redraws),
+            s => bug!("unexpected state {:?}", s),
+        };
+        self.set_state(AppStateImpl::Launching {
+            queued_windows,
+            queued_events,
+            queued_event_handler,
+            queued_gpu_redraws,
+        });
+    }
+
+    fn did_finish_launching_transition(
+        &mut self,
+    ) -> (Vec<Id<WinitUIWindow, Shared>>, Vec<EventWrapper>) {
+        let (windows, events, event_handler, queued_gpu_redraws) = match self.take_state() {
+            AppStateImpl::Launching {
+                queued_windows,
+                queued_events,
+                queued_event_handler,
+                queued_gpu_redraws,
+            } => (
+                queued_windows,
+                queued_events,
+                queued_event_handler,
+                queued_gpu_redraws,
+            ),
+            s => bug!("unexpected state {:?}", s),
+        };
+        self.set_state(AppStateImpl::ProcessingEvents {
+            event_handler,
+            active_control_flow: ControlFlow::Poll,
+            queued_gpu_redraws,
+        });
+        (windows, events)
+    }
+
+    fn wakeup_transition(&mut self) -> Option<EventWrapper> {
+        // before `AppState::did_finish_launching` is called, pretend there is no running
+        // event loop.
+        if !self.has_launched() {
+            return None;
+        }
+
+        let (event_handler, event) = match (self.control_flow, self.take_state()) {
+            (
+                ControlFlow::Poll,
+                AppStateImpl::PollFinished {
+                    waiting_event_handler,
+                },
+            ) => (
+                waiting_event_handler,
+                EventWrapper::StaticEvent(Event::NewEvents(StartCause::Poll)),
+            ),
+            (
+                ControlFlow::Wait,
+                AppStateImpl::Waiting {
+                    waiting_event_handler,
+                    start,
+                },
+            ) => (
+                waiting_event_handler,
+                EventWrapper::StaticEvent(Event::NewEvents(StartCause::WaitCancelled {
+                    start,
+                    requested_resume: None,
+                })),
+            ),
+            (
+                ControlFlow::WaitUntil(requested_resume),
+                AppStateImpl::Waiting {
+                    waiting_event_handler,
+                    start,
+                },
+            ) => {
+                let event = if Instant::now() >= requested_resume {
+                    EventWrapper::StaticEvent(Event::NewEvents(StartCause::ResumeTimeReached {
+                        start,
+                        requested_resume,
+                    }))
+                } else {
+                    EventWrapper::StaticEvent(Event::NewEvents(StartCause::WaitCancelled {
+                        start,
+                        requested_resume: Some(requested_resume),
+                    }))
+                };
+                (waiting_event_handler, event)
+            }
+            (ControlFlow::ExitWithCode(_), _) => bug!("unexpected `ControlFlow` `Exit`"),
+            s => bug!("`EventHandler` unexpectedly woke up {:?}", s),
+        };
+
+        self.set_state(AppStateImpl::ProcessingEvents {
+            event_handler,
+            queued_gpu_redraws: Default::default(),
+            active_control_flow: self.control_flow,
+        });
+        Some(event)
+    }
+
+    fn try_user_callback_transition(&mut self) -> UserCallbackTransitionResult<'_> {
+        // If we're not able to process an event due to recursion or `Init` not having been sent out
+        // yet, then queue the events up.
+        match self.state_mut() {
+            &mut AppStateImpl::Launching {
+                ref mut queued_events,
+                ..
+            }
+            | &mut AppStateImpl::NotLaunched {
+                ref mut queued_events,
+                ..
+            }
+            | &mut AppStateImpl::InUserCallback {
+                ref mut queued_events,
+                ..
+            } => {
+                // A lifetime cast: early returns are not currently handled well with NLL, but
+                // polonius handles them well. This transmute is a safe workaround.
+                return unsafe {
+                    mem::transmute::<
+                        UserCallbackTransitionResult<'_>,
+                        UserCallbackTransitionResult<'_>,
+                    >(UserCallbackTransitionResult::ReentrancyPrevented {
+                        queued_events,
+                    })
+                };
+            }
+
+            &mut AppStateImpl::ProcessingEvents { .. }
+            | &mut AppStateImpl::ProcessingRedraws { .. } => {}
+
+            s @ &mut AppStateImpl::PollFinished { .. }
+            | s @ &mut AppStateImpl::Waiting { .. }
+            | s @ &mut AppStateImpl::Terminated => {
+                bug!("unexpected attempted to process an event {:?}", s)
+            }
+        }
+
+        let (event_handler, queued_gpu_redraws, active_control_flow, processing_redraws) =
+            match self.take_state() {
+                AppStateImpl::Launching { .. }
+                | AppStateImpl::NotLaunched { .. }
+                | AppStateImpl::InUserCallback { .. } => unreachable!(),
+                AppStateImpl::ProcessingEvents {
+                    event_handler,
+                    queued_gpu_redraws,
+                    active_control_flow,
+                } => (
+                    event_handler,
+                    queued_gpu_redraws,
+                    active_control_flow,
+                    false,
+                ),
+                AppStateImpl::ProcessingRedraws {
+                    event_handler,
+                    active_control_flow,
+                } => (event_handler, Default::default(), active_control_flow, true),
+                AppStateImpl::PollFinished { .. }
+                | AppStateImpl::Waiting { .. }
+                | AppStateImpl::Terminated => unreachable!(),
+            };
+        self.set_state(AppStateImpl::InUserCallback {
+            queued_events: Vec::new(),
+            queued_gpu_redraws,
+        });
+        UserCallbackTransitionResult::Success {
+            event_handler,
+            active_control_flow,
+            processing_redraws,
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn main_events_cleared_transition(&mut self) -> HashSet<Id<WinitUIWindow, Shared>> {
+        let (event_handler, queued_gpu_redraws, active_control_flow) = match self.take_state() {
+            AppStateImpl::ProcessingEvents {
+                event_handler,
+                queued_gpu_redraws,
+                active_control_flow,
+            } => (event_handler, queued_gpu_redraws, active_control_flow),
+            s => bug!("unexpected state {:?}", s),
+        };
+        self.set_state(AppStateImpl::ProcessingRedraws {
+            event_handler,
+            active_control_flow,
+        });
+        queued_gpu_redraws
+    }
+
+    fn events_cleared_transition(&mut self) {
+        if !self.has_launched() {
+            return;
+        }
+        let (waiting_event_handler, old) = match self.take_state() {
+            AppStateImpl::ProcessingRedraws {
+                event_handler,
+                active_control_flow,
+            } => (event_handler, active_control_flow),
+            s => bug!("unexpected state {:?}", s),
+        };
+
+        let new = self.control_flow;
+        match (old, new) {
+            (ControlFlow::Poll, ControlFlow::Poll) => self.set_state(AppStateImpl::PollFinished {
+                waiting_event_handler,
+            }),
+            (ControlFlow::Wait, ControlFlow::Wait) => {
+                let start = Instant::now();
+                self.set_state(AppStateImpl::Waiting {
+                    waiting_event_handler,
+                    start,
+                });
+            }
+            (ControlFlow::WaitUntil(old_instant), ControlFlow::WaitUntil(new_instant))
+                if old_instant == new_instant =>
+            {
+                let start = Instant::now();
+                self.set_state(AppStateImpl::Waiting {
+                    waiting_event_handler,
+                    start,
+                });
+            }
+            (_, ControlFlow::Wait) => {
+                let start = Instant::now();
+                self.set_state(AppStateImpl::Waiting {
+                    waiting_event_handler,
+                    start,
+                });
+                self.waker.stop()
+            }
+            (_, ControlFlow::WaitUntil(new_instant)) => {
+                let start = Instant::now();
+                self.set_state(AppStateImpl::Waiting {
+                    waiting_event_handler,
+                    start,
+                });
+                self.waker.start_at(new_instant)
+            }
+            (_, ControlFlow::Poll) => {
+                self.set_state(AppStateImpl::PollFinished {
+                    waiting_event_handler,
+                });
+                self.waker.start()
+            }
+            (_, ControlFlow::ExitWithCode(_)) => {
+                // https://developer.apple.com/library/archive/qa/qa1561/_index.html
+                // it is not possible to quit an iOS app gracefully and programatically
+                warn!("`ControlFlow::Exit` ignored on iOS");
+                self.control_flow = old
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn terminated_transition(&mut self) -> Box<dyn EventHandler> {
+        match self.replace_state(AppStateImpl::Terminated) {
+            AppStateImpl::ProcessingEvents { event_handler, .. } => event_handler,
+            s => bug!(
+                "`LoopDestroyed` happened while not processing events {:?}",
+                s
+            ),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+// requires main thread and window is a UIWindow
+// retains window
+pub(crate) unsafe fn set_key_window(window: &Id<WinitUIWindow, Shared>) {
+    let mut this = AppState::get_mut();
+    match this.state_mut() {
+        &mut AppStateImpl::NotLaunched {
+            ref mut queued_windows,
+            ..
+        } => return queued_windows.push(window.clone()),
+        &mut AppStateImpl::ProcessingEvents { .. }
+        | &mut AppStateImpl::InUserCallback { .. }
+        | &mut AppStateImpl::ProcessingRedraws { .. } => {}
+        s @ &mut AppStateImpl::Launching { .. }
+        | s @ &mut AppStateImpl::Waiting { .. }
+        | s @ &mut AppStateImpl::PollFinished { .. } => bug!("unexpected state {:?}", s),
+        &mut AppStateImpl::Terminated => {
+            panic!("Attempt to create a `Window` after the app has terminated")
+        }
+    }
+    drop(this);
+    window.makeKeyAndVisible();
+}
+
+// requires main thread and window is a UIWindow
+// retains window
+pub(crate) unsafe fn queue_gl_or_metal_redraw(window: Id<WinitUIWindow, Shared>) {
+    let mut this = AppState::get_mut();
+    match this.state_mut() {
+        &mut AppStateImpl::NotLaunched {
+            ref mut queued_gpu_redraws,
+            ..
+        }
+        | &mut AppStateImpl::Launching {
+            ref mut queued_gpu_redraws,
+            ..
+        }
+        | &mut AppStateImpl::ProcessingEvents {
+            ref mut queued_gpu_redraws,
+            ..
+        }
+        | &mut AppStateImpl::InUserCallback {
+            ref mut queued_gpu_redraws,
+            ..
+        } => {
+            let _ = queued_gpu_redraws.insert(window);
+        }
+        s @ &mut AppStateImpl::ProcessingRedraws { .. }
+        | s @ &mut AppStateImpl::Waiting { .. }
+        | s @ &mut AppStateImpl::PollFinished { .. } => bug!("unexpected state {:?}", s),
+        &mut AppStateImpl::Terminated => {
+            panic!("Attempt to create a `Window` after the app has terminated")
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+// requires main thread
+pub unsafe fn will_launch(queued_event_handler: Box<dyn EventHandler>) {
+    AppState::get_mut().will_launch_transition(queued_event_handler)
+}
+
+// requires main thread
+pub unsafe fn did_finish_launching() {
+    let mut this = AppState::get_mut();
+    let windows = match this.state_mut() {
+        AppStateImpl::Launching { queued_windows, .. } => mem::take(queued_windows),
+        s => bug!("unexpected state {:?}", s),
+    };
+
+    // start waking up the event loop now!
+    bug_assert!(
+        this.control_flow == ControlFlow::Poll,
+        "unexpectedly not setup to `Poll` on launch!"
+    );
+    this.waker.start();
+
+    // have to drop RefMut because the window setup code below can trigger new events
+    drop(this);
+
+    for window in windows {
+        // Do a little screen dance here to account for windows being created before
+        // `UIApplicationMain` is called. This fixes visual issues such as being
+        // offcenter and sized incorrectly. Additionally, to fix orientation issues, we
+        // gotta reset the `rootViewController`.
+        //
+        // relevant iOS log:
+        // ```
+        // [ApplicationLifecycle] Windows were created before application initialzation
+        // completed. This may result in incorrect visual appearance.
+        // ```
+        let screen = window.screen();
+        let _: () = msg_send![&window, setScreen: ptr::null::<Object>()];
+        window.setScreen(&screen);
+
+        let controller = window.rootViewController();
+        window.setRootViewController(None);
+        window.setRootViewController(controller.as_deref());
+
+        window.makeKeyAndVisible();
+    }
+
+    let (windows, events) = AppState::get_mut().did_finish_launching_transition();
+
+    let events = std::iter::once(EventWrapper::StaticEvent(Event::NewEvents(
+        StartCause::Init,
+    )))
+    .chain(events);
+    handle_nonuser_events(events);
+
+    // the above window dance hack, could possibly trigger new windows to be created.
+    // we can just set those windows up normally, as they were created after didFinishLaunching
+    for window in windows {
+        window.makeKeyAndVisible();
+    }
+}
+
+// requires main thread
+// AppState::did_finish_launching handles the special transition `Init`
+pub unsafe fn handle_wakeup_transition() {
+    let mut this = AppState::get_mut();
+    let wakeup_event = match this.wakeup_transition() {
+        None => return,
+        Some(wakeup_event) => wakeup_event,
+    };
+    drop(this);
+
+    handle_nonuser_event(wakeup_event)
+}
+
+// requires main thread
+pub(crate) unsafe fn handle_nonuser_event(event: EventWrapper) {
+    handle_nonuser_events(std::iter::once(event))
+}
+
+// requires main thread
+pub(crate) unsafe fn handle_nonuser_events<I: IntoIterator<Item = EventWrapper>>(events: I) {
+    let mut this = AppState::get_mut();
+    let (mut event_handler, active_control_flow, processing_redraws) =
+        match this.try_user_callback_transition() {
+            UserCallbackTransitionResult::ReentrancyPrevented { queued_events } => {
+                queued_events.extend(events);
+                return;
+            }
+            UserCallbackTransitionResult::Success {
+                event_handler,
+                active_control_flow,
+                processing_redraws,
+            } => (event_handler, active_control_flow, processing_redraws),
+        };
+    let mut control_flow = this.control_flow;
+    drop(this);
+
+    for wrapper in events {
+        match wrapper {
+            EventWrapper::StaticEvent(event) => {
+                if !processing_redraws && event.is_redraw() {
+                    log::info!("processing `RedrawRequested` during the main event loop");
+                } else if processing_redraws && !event.is_redraw() {
+                    log::warn!(
+                        "processing non `RedrawRequested` event after the main event loop: {:#?}",
+                        event
+                    );
+                }
+                event_handler.handle_nonuser_event(event, &mut control_flow)
+            }
+            EventWrapper::EventProxy(proxy) => {
+                handle_event_proxy(&mut event_handler, control_flow, proxy)
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    loop {
+        let mut this = AppState::get_mut();
+        let queued_events = match this.state_mut() {
+            &mut AppStateImpl::InUserCallback {
+                ref mut queued_events,
+                queued_gpu_redraws: _,
+            } => mem::take(queued_events),
+            s => bug!("unexpected state {:?}", s),
+        };
+        if queued_events.is_empty() {
+            let queued_gpu_redraws = match this.take_state() {
+                AppStateImpl::InUserCallback {
+                    queued_events: _,
+                    queued_gpu_redraws,
+                } => queued_gpu_redraws,
+                _ => unreachable!(),
+            };
+            this.app_state = Some(if processing_redraws {
+                bug_assert!(
+                    queued_gpu_redraws.is_empty(),
+                    "redraw queued while processing redraws"
+                );
+                AppStateImpl::ProcessingRedraws {
+                    event_handler,
+                    active_control_flow,
+                }
+            } else {
+                AppStateImpl::ProcessingEvents {
+                    event_handler,
+                    queued_gpu_redraws,
+                    active_control_flow,
+                }
+            });
+            this.control_flow = control_flow;
+            break;
+        }
+        drop(this);
+
+        for wrapper in queued_events {
+            match wrapper {
+                EventWrapper::StaticEvent(event) => {
+                    if !processing_redraws && event.is_redraw() {
+                        log::info!("processing `RedrawRequested` during the main event loop");
+                    } else if processing_redraws && !event.is_redraw() {
+                        log::warn!(
+                            "processing non-`RedrawRequested` event after the main event loop: {:#?}",
+                            event
+                        );
+                    }
+                    event_handler.handle_nonuser_event(event, &mut control_flow)
+                }
+                EventWrapper::EventProxy(proxy) => {
+                    handle_event_proxy(&mut event_handler, control_flow, proxy)
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+// requires main thread
+unsafe fn handle_user_events() {
+    let mut this = AppState::get_mut();
+    let mut control_flow = this.control_flow;
+    let (mut event_handler, active_control_flow, processing_redraws) =
+        match this.try_user_callback_transition() {
+            UserCallbackTransitionResult::ReentrancyPrevented { .. } => {
+                bug!("unexpected attempted to process an event")
+            }
+            UserCallbackTransitionResult::Success {
+                event_handler,
+                active_control_flow,
+                processing_redraws,
+            } => (event_handler, active_control_flow, processing_redraws),
+        };
+    if processing_redraws {
+        bug!("user events attempted to be sent out while `ProcessingRedraws`");
+    }
+    drop(this);
+
+    event_handler.handle_user_events(&mut control_flow);
+
+    loop {
+        let mut this = AppState::get_mut();
+        let queued_events = match this.state_mut() {
+            &mut AppStateImpl::InUserCallback {
+                ref mut queued_events,
+                queued_gpu_redraws: _,
+            } => mem::take(queued_events),
+            s => bug!("unexpected state {:?}", s),
+        };
+        if queued_events.is_empty() {
+            let queued_gpu_redraws = match this.take_state() {
+                AppStateImpl::InUserCallback {
+                    queued_events: _,
+                    queued_gpu_redraws,
+                } => queued_gpu_redraws,
+                _ => unreachable!(),
+            };
+            this.app_state = Some(AppStateImpl::ProcessingEvents {
+                event_handler,
+                queued_gpu_redraws,
+                active_control_flow,
+            });
+            this.control_flow = control_flow;
+            break;
+        }
+        drop(this);
+
+        for wrapper in queued_events {
+            match wrapper {
+                EventWrapper::StaticEvent(event) => {
+                    event_handler.handle_nonuser_event(event, &mut control_flow)
+                }
+                EventWrapper::EventProxy(proxy) => {
+                    handle_event_proxy(&mut event_handler, control_flow, proxy)
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        event_handler.handle_user_events(&mut control_flow);
+    }
+}
+
+// requires main thread
+pub unsafe fn handle_main_events_cleared() {
+    let mut this = AppState::get_mut();
+    if !this.has_launched() {
+        return;
+    }
+    match this.state_mut() {
+        AppStateImpl::ProcessingEvents { .. } => {}
+        _ => bug!("`ProcessingRedraws` happened unexpectedly"),
+    };
+    drop(this);
+
+    // User events are always sent out at the end of the "MainEventLoop"
+    handle_user_events();
+    handle_nonuser_event(EventWrapper::StaticEvent(Event::MainEventsCleared));
+
+    let mut this = AppState::get_mut();
+    let mut redraw_events: Vec<EventWrapper> = this
+        .main_events_cleared_transition()
+        .into_iter()
+        .map(|window| EventWrapper::StaticEvent(Event::RedrawRequested(RootWindowId(window.id()))))
+        .collect();
+
+    redraw_events.push(EventWrapper::StaticEvent(Event::RedrawEventsCleared));
+    drop(this);
+
+    handle_nonuser_events(redraw_events);
+}
+
+// requires main thread
+pub unsafe fn handle_events_cleared() {
+    AppState::get_mut().events_cleared_transition();
+}
+
+// requires main thread
+pub unsafe fn terminated() {
+    let mut this = AppState::get_mut();
+    let mut event_handler = this.terminated_transition();
+    let mut control_flow = this.control_flow;
+    drop(this);
+
+    event_handler.handle_nonuser_event(Event::LoopDestroyed, &mut control_flow)
+}
+
+fn handle_event_proxy(
+    event_handler: &mut Box<dyn EventHandler>,
+    control_flow: ControlFlow,
+    proxy: EventProxy,
+) {
+    match proxy {
+        EventProxy::DpiChangedProxy {
+            suggested_size,
+            scale_factor,
+            window,
+        } => handle_hidpi_proxy(
+            event_handler,
+            control_flow,
+            suggested_size,
+            scale_factor,
+            window,
+        ),
+    }
+}
+
+fn handle_hidpi_proxy(
+    event_handler: &mut Box<dyn EventHandler>,
+    mut control_flow: ControlFlow,
+    suggested_size: LogicalSize<f64>,
+    scale_factor: f64,
+    window: Id<WinitUIWindow, Shared>,
+) {
+    let mut size = suggested_size.to_physical(scale_factor);
+    let new_inner_size = &mut size;
+    let event = Event::WindowEvent {
+        window_id: RootWindowId(window.id()),
+        event: WindowEvent::ScaleFactorChanged {
+            scale_factor,
+            new_inner_size,
+        },
+    };
+    event_handler.handle_nonuser_event(event, &mut control_flow);
+    let (view, screen_frame) = get_view_and_screen_frame(&window);
+    let physical_size = *new_inner_size;
+    let logical_size = physical_size.to_logical(scale_factor);
+    let size = CGSize::new(logical_size.width, logical_size.height);
+    let new_frame: CGRect = CGRect::new(screen_frame.origin, size);
+    view.setFrame(new_frame);
+}
+
+fn get_view_and_screen_frame(window: &WinitUIWindow) -> (Id<UIView, Shared>, CGRect) {
+    let view_controller = window.rootViewController().unwrap();
+    let view = view_controller.view().unwrap();
+    let bounds = window.bounds();
+    let screen = window.screen();
+    let screen_space = screen.coordinateSpace();
+    let screen_frame = window.convertRect_toCoordinateSpace(bounds, &screen_space);
+    (view, screen_frame)
+}
+
+struct EventLoopWaker {
+    timer: CFRunLoopTimerRef,
+}
+
+impl Drop for EventLoopWaker {
+    fn drop(&mut self) {
+        unsafe {
+            CFRunLoopTimerInvalidate(self.timer);
+            CFRelease(self.timer as _);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl EventLoopWaker {
+    fn new(rl: CFRunLoopRef) -> EventLoopWaker {
+        extern "C" fn wakeup_main_loop(_timer: CFRunLoopTimerRef, _info: *mut c_void) {}
+        unsafe {
+            // Create a timer with a 0.1µs interval (1ns does not work) to mimic polling.
+            // It is initially setup with a first fire time really far into the
+            // future, but that gets changed to fire immediately in did_finish_launching
+            let timer = CFRunLoopTimerCreate(
+                ptr::null_mut(),
+                std::f64::MAX,
+                0.000_000_1,
+                0,
+                0,
+                wakeup_main_loop,
+                ptr::null_mut(),
+            );
+            CFRunLoopAddTimer(rl, timer, kCFRunLoopCommonModes);
+
+            EventLoopWaker { timer }
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn stop(&mut self) {
+        unsafe { CFRunLoopTimerSetNextFireDate(self.timer, std::f64::MAX) }
+    }
+
+    fn start(&mut self) {
+        unsafe { CFRunLoopTimerSetNextFireDate(self.timer, std::f64::MIN) }
+    }
+
+    fn start_at(&mut self, instant: Instant) {
+        let now = Instant::now();
+        if now >= instant {
+            self.start();
+        } else {
+            unsafe {
+                let current = CFAbsoluteTimeGetCurrent();
+                let duration = instant - now;
+                let fsecs =
+                    duration.subsec_nanos() as f64 / 1_000_000_000.0 + duration.as_secs() as f64;
+                CFRunLoopTimerSetNextFireDate(self.timer, current + fsecs)
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+macro_rules! os_capabilities {
+    (
+        $(
+            $(#[$attr:meta])*
+            $error_name:ident: $objc_call:literal,
+            $name:ident: $major:literal-$minor:literal
+        ),*
+        $(,)*
+    ) => {
+        #[derive(Clone, Debug)]
+        pub struct OSCapabilities {
+            $(
+                pub $name: bool,
+            )*
+
+            os_version: NSOperatingSystemVersion,
+        }
+
+        impl From<NSOperatingSystemVersion> for OSCapabilities {
+            fn from(os_version: NSOperatingSystemVersion) -> OSCapabilities {
+                $(let $name = os_version.meets_requirements($major, $minor);)*
+                OSCapabilities { $($name,)* os_version, }
+            }
+        }
+
+        impl OSCapabilities {$(
+            $(#[$attr])*
+            pub fn $error_name(&self, extra_msg: &str) {
+                log::warn!(
+                    concat!("`", $objc_call, "` requires iOS {}.{}+. This device is running iOS {}.{}.{}. {}"),
+                    $major, $minor, self.os_version.major, self.os_version.minor, self.os_version.patch,
+                    extra_msg
+                )
+            }
+        )*}
+    };
+}
+
+os_capabilities! {
+    /// <https://developer.apple.com/documentation/uikit/uiview/2891103-safeareainsets?language=objc>
+    #[allow(unused)] // error message unused
+    safe_area_err_msg: "-[UIView safeAreaInsets]",
+    safe_area: 11-0,
+    /// <https://developer.apple.com/documentation/uikit/uiviewcontroller/2887509-setneedsupdateofhomeindicatoraut?language=objc>
+    home_indicator_hidden_err_msg: "-[UIViewController setNeedsUpdateOfHomeIndicatorAutoHidden]",
+    home_indicator_hidden: 11-0,
+    /// <https://developer.apple.com/documentation/uikit/uiviewcontroller/2887507-setneedsupdateofscreenedgesdefer?language=objc>
+    defer_system_gestures_err_msg: "-[UIViewController setNeedsUpdateOfScreenEdgesDeferringSystem]",
+    defer_system_gestures: 11-0,
+    /// <https://developer.apple.com/documentation/uikit/uiscreen/2806814-maximumframespersecond?language=objc>
+    maximum_frames_per_second_err_msg: "-[UIScreen maximumFramesPerSecond]",
+    maximum_frames_per_second: 10-3,
+    /// <https://developer.apple.com/documentation/uikit/uitouch/1618110-force?language=objc>
+    #[allow(unused)] // error message unused
+    force_touch_err_msg: "-[UITouch force]",
+    force_touch: 9-0,
+}
+
+impl NSOperatingSystemVersion {
+    fn meets_requirements(&self, required_major: NSInteger, required_minor: NSInteger) -> bool {
+        (self.major, self.minor) >= (required_major, required_minor)
+    }
+}
+
+pub fn os_capabilities() -> OSCapabilities {
+    static OS_CAPABILITIES: Lazy<OSCapabilities> = Lazy::new(|| {
+        let version: NSOperatingSystemVersion = unsafe {
+            let process_info = NSProcessInfo::process_info();
+            let atleast_ios_8: bool = msg_send![
+                &process_info,
+                respondsToSelector: sel!(operatingSystemVersion)
+            ];
+            // winit requires atleast iOS 8 because no one has put the time into supporting earlier os versions.
+            // Older iOS versions are increasingly difficult to test. For example, Xcode 11 does not support
+            // debugging on devices with an iOS version of less than 8. Another example, in order to use an iOS
+            // simulator older than iOS 8, you must download an older version of Xcode (<9), and at least Xcode 7
+            // has been tested to not even run on macOS 10.15 - Xcode 8 might?
+            //
+            // The minimum required iOS version is likely to grow in the future.
+            assert!(atleast_ios_8, "`winit` requires iOS version 8 or greater");
+            msg_send![&process_info, operatingSystemVersion]
+        };
+        version.into()
+    });
+    OS_CAPABILITIES.clone()
+}