Winit version 0.30.10

The `text` is retrieved as UTF-8 while `attributes` are based on UTF-16,
thus the offset was getting out of sync on some unicode payloads
like surrogate pairs.

Fixes #3967.

.cargo/config.toml

@@ -1,6 +1,3 @@
-[alias]
-run-wasm = ["run", "--release", "--package", "run-wasm", "--"]
-
 # Allow rust-analyzer and local `cargo doc` invocations to pick up unreleased changelog entries
 #
 # Note that these flags are (intentionally) not included when building from the downloaded crate.

.git-blame-ignore-revs

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+# $ git config blame.ignoreRevsFile .git-blame-ignore-revs
+
+# chore(rustfmt): use nightly
+7b0c7b6cb2c62767ca0c73c857b299883f55a883

.github/CODEOWNERS

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 # Android
-/src/platform/android.rs            @msiglreith @MarijnS95
-/src/platform_impl/android          @msiglreith @MarijnS95
+/src/platform/android.rs            @MarijnS95
+/src/platform_impl/android          @MarijnS95
 
 # iOS
 /src/platform/ios.rs                @madsmtm
@@ -26,12 +26,9 @@
 /src/platform_impl/web              @daxpedda
 
 # Windows
-/src/platform/windows.rs            @msiglreith
-/src/platform_impl/windows          @msiglreith
+/src/platform/windows.rs            @notgull
+/src/platform_impl/windows          @notgull
 
 # Orbital (Redox OS)
 /src/platform/orbital.rs            @jackpot51
 /src/platform_impl/orbital          @jackpot51
-
-# Integration tests
-/it                                 @notgull

.github/workflows/ci.yml

@@ -10,8 +10,8 @@ jobs:
     name: Check formatting
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v3
-    - uses: dtolnay/rust-toolchain@stable
+    - uses: taiki-e/checkout-action@v1
+    - uses: dtolnay/rust-toolchain@nightly
       with:
         components: rustfmt
     - name: Check Formatting
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     timeout-minutes: 30
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - uses: taiki-e/checkout-action@v1
       - uses: taiki-e/install-action@v2
         with:
           tool: typos-cli
@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ jobs:
       CMD: ${{ matrix.platform.cmd }}
 
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v3
+    - uses: taiki-e/checkout-action@v1
 
     - name: Restore cache of cargo folder
       # We use `restore` and later `save`, so that we can create the key after
@@ -107,7 +107,12 @@ jobs:
 
     - name: Generate lockfile
       # Also updates the crates.io index
-      run: cargo generate-lockfile && cargo update -p ahash --precise 0.8.7 && cargo update -p bumpalo --precise 3.14.0
+      run: |
+           cargo generate-lockfile
+           cargo update -p ahash --precise 0.8.7
+           cargo update -p bumpalo --precise 3.14.0
+           cargo update -p objc2-encode --precise 4.0.3
+           cargo update -p orbclient --precise 0.3.47
 
     - name: Install GCC Multilib
       if: (matrix.platform.os == 'ubuntu-latest') && contains(matrix.platform.target, 'i686')
@@ -202,41 +207,6 @@ jobs:
           ~/.cargo/git/db/
         key: cargo-${{ matrix.toolchain }}-${{ matrix.platform.name }}-${{ hashFiles('Cargo.lock') }}
 
-  it:
-    name: Run integration tests on ${{ matrix.platform.name }}
-    runs-on: ${{ matrix.platform.os }}
-
-    strategy:
-      fail-fast: false
-      matrix:
-        toolchain: [stable, nightly]
-        platform:
-          # Note: Make sure that we test all the `docs.rs` targets defined in Cargo.toml!
-          - { name: 'X11',                target: x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu, os: ubuntu-latest, options: '--no-default-features --features=x11' }
-
-    env:
-      # Set more verbose terminal output
-      CARGO_TERM_VERBOSE: true
-      RUST_BACKTRACE: 1
-
-      # Faster compilation and error on warnings
-      RUSTFLAGS: '--codegen=debuginfo=0 --deny=warnings ${{ matrix.platform.rustflags }}'
-
-      OPTIONS: --target=${{ matrix.platform.target }} ${{ matrix.platform.options }}
-
-    steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v3
-    - uses: dtolnay/rust-toolchain@master
-      with:
-        toolchain: ${{ matrix.toolchain }}
-
-    - name: Log into GHCR
-      run: |
-        echo "${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}" | docker login ghcr.io -u "${{ github.actor }}" --password-stdin
-
-    - name: Common tests
-      run: cargo run -p gui-test-runner -- common-tests ${{ matrix.platform.target }}
-
   cargo-deny:
     name: Run cargo-deny on ${{ matrix.platform.name }}
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
@@ -255,9 +225,24 @@ jobs:
           - { name: 'Windows', target: x86_64-pc-windows-gnu }
 
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v3
-    - uses: EmbarkStudios/cargo-deny-action@v1
+    - uses: taiki-e/checkout-action@v1
+    - uses: EmbarkStudios/cargo-deny-action@v2
       with:
         command: check
         log-level: error
         arguments: --all-features --target ${{ matrix.platform.target }}
+
+  swc:
+    name: Minimize JavaScript
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+
+    steps:
+      - uses: taiki-e/checkout-action@v1
+      - name: Install SWC
+        run: sudo npm i -g @swc/cli
+      - name: Run SWC
+        run: |
+          swc src/platform_impl/web/web_sys/worker.js -o src/platform_impl/web/web_sys/worker.min.js
+      - name: Check for diff
+        run: |
+          [[ -z $(git status -s) ]]

.github/workflows/docs.yml

@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ jobs:
       id-token: write
 
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
 
       - uses: dtolnay/rust-toolchain@master
         with:

.gitignore

@@ -3,8 +3,5 @@ target/
 rls/
 .vscode/
 *~
-*.wasm
-*.ts
-*.js
 #*#
 .DS_Store

.swcrc

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+{
+	"minify": true,
+	"jsc": {
+		"target": "es2022",
+		"minify": {
+			"compress": {
+				"unused": true
+			},
+			"mangle": true
+		}
+	}
+}

CONTRIBUTING.md

@@ -1,52 +1,127 @@
-# Winit Contributing Guidelines
+# Contribution Guidelines
 
-## Scope
-[See `FEATURES.md`](./FEATURES.md). When requesting or implementing a new Winit feature, you should
-consider whether or not it's directly related to window creation or input handling. If it isn't, it
-may be worth creating a separate crate that extends Winit's API to add that functionality.
+This document contains guidelines for contributing code to winit. It has to be
+followed in order for your patch to be approved and applied.
 
+## Contributing
 
-## Reporting an issue
+Anyone can contribute to winit, however given that it's a cross platform
+windowing toolkit getting certain changes incorporated could be challenging.
 
-When reporting an issue, in order to help the maintainers understand what the problem is, please make
-your description of the issue as detailed as possible:
+To save your time it's wise to check already opened [pull requests][prs] and
+[issues][issues]. In general, bug fixes and missing implementations are always
+accepted, however larger new API proposals should go into the issue first. When
+in doubt contact us on [Matrix][matrix] or via opening an issue.
 
-- if it is a bug, please provide a clear explanation of what happens, what should happen, and how to
-  reproduce the issue, ideally by providing a minimal program exhibiting the problem
-- if it is a feature request, please provide a clear argumentation about why you believe this feature
-  should be supported by winit
+### Submitting your work and handling review
 
-## Making a pull request
+All patches have to be sent on Github as [pull requests][prs]. To simplify your
+life during review it's recommended to check the "give contributors write access
+to the branch" checkbox.
 
-When making a code contribution to winit, before opening your pull request, please make sure that:
+We use unstable Rustfmt options across the project, so please run
+`cargo +nightly fmt` before submitting your work. If you are unable to do so,
+the maintainers can do it for you before merging, just state so in your pull
+request description.
 
-- your patch builds with Winit's minimal supported rust version - Rust 1.70.
-- you tested your modifications on all the platforms impacted, or if not possible, detail which platforms
-  were not tested, and what should be tested, so that a maintainer or another contributor can test them
-- you updated any relevant documentation in winit
-- you left comments in your code explaining any part that is not straightforward, so that the
-  maintainers and future contributors don't have to try to guess what your code is supposed to do
-- your PR adds an entry to the current changelog if the introduced change is relevant to winit users.
+#### Handling review
 
-  You needn't worry about the added entry causing conflicts, the maintainer that merges the PR will
-  handle those for you when merging (see below).
-- if your PR affects the platform compatibility of one or more features or adds another feature, the
-  relevant sections in [`FEATURES.md`](https://github.com/rust-windowing/winit/blob/master/FEATURES.md#features)
-  should be updated.
+During the review process certain events could require an action from your side,
+common patterns and reactions are described below.
 
-Once your PR is open, you can ask for a review by a maintainer of your platform. Winit's merging policy
-is that a PR must be approved by at least two maintainers of winit before being merged, including
-at least a maintainer of the platform (a maintainer making a PR themselves counts as approving it).
+_Event:_ The CI fails to build, but it looks like it is not your fault. Not
+communicating so could result in maintainers not looking into your patch,
+since they may assume that you're still working on it.\
+_Desired behaviour:_ Write a message saying roughly the following "The CI
+failure is unrelated", so that the maintainers will fix it for you.
 
-Once your PR is deemed ready, the merging maintainer will take care of resolving conflicts in the
-`changelog` module (but you must resolve other conflicts yourself). Doing this requires that you check the
-"give contributors write access to the branch" checkbox when creating the PR.
+_Event:_ Maintainer requested changes to your PR.\
+_Desired behavior:_ Once you address the request, you should re-request a review
+with GitHub's UI. If you don't agree with what maintainer suggested, you
+should state your objections and re-request the review. That will indicate that
+the ball is on maintainer's side.
+
+_Event:_ You've opened a PR, but maintainer shortly after commented that they
+want to work on that themselves.\
+_Desired behavior:_ Discuss with the maintainer regarding their plans if they
+were not outlined in the initial response, because such response means that they
+are not interested in reviewing your code. Such thing could happen when
+underestimating complexity of the task you're solving or when your patch
+mandate certain downstream designs. In general, the maintainer will likely
+close your PR in order to prevent work being done on it.
+
+[prs]: https://github.com/rust-windowing/winit/pulls
+[issues]: https://github.com/rust-windowing/winit/issues
+[matrix]: https://matrix.to/#/#rust-windowing:matrix.org
 
 ## Maintainers
 
-The current maintainers for each platform are listed in the [CODEOWNERS](.github/CODEOWNERS) file.
+Winit has plenty of maintainers with different backgrounds, different time
+available to work on Winit, and reasons to be winit maintainer in the first
+place. To ensure that Winit's code quality does not decrease over time and to
+make it easier to teach new maintainers the "winit way of doing things" the
+common policies and routines are defined in this section.
 
-## Release process
+The current maintainers for each platform are listed in [this file][CODEOWNERS].
+
+### Contributions handling
+
+The maintainers must ensure that the external contributions meet Winit's
+quality standards. If it's not, it **is the maintainer's responsibility** to
+bring it on par, which includes:
+
+  - Ensure that formatting is consistent and `CHANGELOG` messages are clear
+    for the end users.
+  - Improve the commit message, so it'll be easier for other maintainers to
+    understand the motivation without going through all the discussions on the
+    particular patch/PR.
+  - Ensure that the proposed patch doesn't break platform parity. If the
+    breakage is desired by contributor, an issue should be opened to discuss
+    with other maintainers before merging.
+  - Always fix CI issues before merging if they don't originate from the
+    submitted work.
+
+However, maintainers should give some leeway for external contributors, so they
+don't feel discouraged contributing, for example:
+
+  - Suggest a patch to resolve style issues, if it's the only issue with the
+    submitted work. Keep in mind that pushing the resolution yourself is not
+    desired, because the contributor might not agree with what you did.
+  - Be more explicit on how things should be done if you don't like the
+    approach.
+  - Suggest to finish the PR for them if they're absent for a while and you need
+    the proposed changes to move forward with something. In such cases the
+    maintainer must preserve attribution with `Co-authored-by`, `Suggested-by`,
+    or keep the original committer.
+  - Rebase their work for them when massive changes to the Winit codebase were
+    introduced.
+
+When reviewing code of other maintainers all of the above is on the maintainer
+who submitted the patch. Interested maintainers could help push the work over
+the finish line, but teaching other maintainers should be preferred.
+
+For a _regular_ contributor to winit, the maintainer should slowly start
+requiring contributor to match *maintainer* quality standards when writing
+patches and commit messages.
+
+### Contributing
+
+When submitting a patch, the maintainer should follow the general contributing
+guidelines, however greater attention to detail is expected in this case.
+
+To make life simpler for other maintainers it's suggested to create your branch
+under the project repository instead of your own fork. The naming scheme is
+`github_user_name/branch_name`. Doing so will make your work easier to rebase
+for other maintainers when you're absent.
+
+### Administrative Actions
+
+Some things (such as changing required CI steps, adding contributors, ...)
+require administrative permissions. If you don't have those, ask about the
+change in an issue. If you have the permissions, discuss it with at least one
+other admin before making the change.
+
+### Release process
 
 Given that winit is a widely used library, we should be able to make a patch
 releases at any time we want without blocking the development of new features.
@@ -58,7 +133,8 @@ The exact steps for an exemplary `0.2.0` release might look like this:
   1. Initially, the version on the latest master is `0.1.0`
   2. A new `v0.2.x` branch is created for the release
   3. Update released `cfg_attr` in `src/changelog/mod.rs` to `v0.2.md`
-  4. Move entries from `src/changelog/unreleased.md` into `src/changelog/v0.2.md`
+  4. Move entries from `src/changelog/unreleased.md` into
+     `src/changelog/v0.2.md`
   5. In the branch, the version is bumped to `v0.2.0`
   6. The new commit in the branch is tagged `v0.2.0`
   7. The version is pushed to crates.io
@@ -70,3 +146,5 @@ When doing a patch release, the process is similar:
   2. Checkout the `v0.2.x` branch
   3. Cherry-pick the required non-breaking changes into the `v0.2.x`
   4. Follow steps 4-9 of the regular release example
+
+[CODEOWNERS]: .github/CODEOWNERS

Cargo.toml

@@ -1,7 +1,10 @@
 [package]
 name = "winit"
-version = "0.29.15"
-authors = ["The winit contributors", "Pierre Krieger <pierre.krieger1708@gmail.com>"]
+version = "0.30.10"
+authors = [
+    "The winit contributors",
+    "Pierre Krieger <pierre.krieger1708@gmail.com>",
+]
 description = "Cross-platform window creation library."
 keywords = ["windowing"]
 readme = "README.md"
@@ -11,6 +14,17 @@ rust-version.workspace = true
 repository.workspace = true
 license.workspace = true
 edition.workspace = true
+include = [
+    "/build.rs",
+    "/docs",
+    "/examples",
+    "/FEATURES.md",
+    "/LICENSE",
+    "/src",
+    "!/src/platform_impl/web/script",
+    "/src/platform_impl/web/script/**/*.min.js",
+    "/tests",
+]
 
 [package.metadata.docs.rs]
 features = [
@@ -45,7 +59,15 @@ rustdoc-args = ["--cfg", "docsrs"]
 [features]
 default = ["rwh_06", "x11", "wayland", "wayland-dlopen", "wayland-csd-adwaita"]
 x11 = ["x11-dl", "bytemuck", "percent-encoding", "xkbcommon-dl/x11", "x11rb"]
-wayland = ["wayland-client", "wayland-backend", "wayland-protocols", "wayland-protocols-plasma", "sctk", "ahash", "memmap2"]
+wayland = [
+    "wayland-client",
+    "wayland-backend",
+    "wayland-protocols",
+    "wayland-protocols-plasma",
+    "sctk",
+    "ahash",
+    "memmap2",
+]
 wayland-dlopen = ["wayland-backend/dlopen"]
 wayland-csd-adwaita = ["sctk-adwaita", "sctk-adwaita/ab_glyph"]
 wayland-csd-adwaita-crossfont = ["sctk-adwaita", "sctk-adwaita/crossfont"]
@@ -59,94 +81,148 @@ rwh_05 = ["dep:rwh_05", "ndk/rwh_05"]
 rwh_06 = ["dep:rwh_06", "ndk/rwh_06"]
 
 [build-dependencies]
-cfg_aliases = "0.2.0"
+cfg_aliases = "0.2.1"
 
 [dependencies]
 bitflags = "2"
 cursor-icon = "1.1.0"
 dpi = { version = "0.1.1", path = "dpi" }
 rwh_04 = { package = "raw-window-handle", version = "0.4", optional = true }
-rwh_05 = { package = "raw-window-handle", version = "0.5.2", features = ["std"], optional = true }
-rwh_06 = { package = "raw-window-handle", version = "0.6", features = ["std"], optional = true }
+rwh_05 = { package = "raw-window-handle", version = "0.5.2", features = [
+    "std",
+], optional = true }
+rwh_06 = { package = "raw-window-handle", version = "0.6", features = [
+    "std",
+], optional = true }
 serde = { workspace = true, optional = true }
 smol_str = "0.2.0"
-tracing = { version = "0.1.40", default_features = false }
+tracing = { version = "0.1.40", default-features = false }
 
 [dev-dependencies]
-image = { version = "0.24.0", default-features = false, features = ["png"] }
-tracing = { version = "0.1.40", default_features = false, features = ["log"] }
+image = { version = "0.25.0", default-features = false, features = ["png"] }
+tracing = { version = "0.1.40", default-features = false, features = ["log"] }
 tracing-subscriber = { version = "0.3.18", features = ["env-filter"] }
 winit = { path = ".", features = ["rwh_05"] }
 
 [target.'cfg(not(any(target_os = "android", target_os = "ios")))'.dev-dependencies]
-softbuffer = { version = "0.3.0", default-features = false, features = ["x11", "x11-dlopen", "wayland", "wayland-dlopen"] }
+softbuffer = { version = "0.4.0", default-features = false, features = [
+    "x11",
+    "x11-dlopen",
+    "wayland",
+    "wayland-dlopen",
+] }
 
 [target.'cfg(target_os = "android")'.dependencies]
-android-activity = "0.5.0"
-ndk = { version = "0.8.0", default-features = false }
-ndk-sys = "0.5.0"
+android-activity = "0.6.0"
+ndk = { version = "0.9.0", default-features = false }
 
 [target.'cfg(any(target_os = "ios", target_os = "macos"))'.dependencies]
+block2 = "0.5.1"
 core-foundation = "0.9.3"
-objc2 = "0.5.0"
+objc2 = "0.5.2"
 
 [target.'cfg(target_os = "macos")'.dependencies]
 core-graphics = "0.23.1"
 
-[target.'cfg(target_os = "macos")'.dependencies.icrate]
-version = "0.1.0"
+[target.'cfg(target_os = "macos")'.dependencies.objc2-foundation]
+version = "0.2.2"
 features = [
+    "block2",
     "dispatch",
-    "Foundation",
-    "Foundation_NSArray",
-    "Foundation_NSAttributedString",
-    "Foundation_NSMutableAttributedString",
-    "Foundation_NSData",
-    "Foundation_NSDictionary",
-    "Foundation_NSString",
-    "Foundation_NSProcessInfo",
-    "Foundation_NSThread",
-    "Foundation_NSNumber",
-    "AppKit",
-    "AppKit_NSAppearance",
-    "AppKit_NSApplication",
-    "AppKit_NSBitmapImageRep",
-    "AppKit_NSButton",
-    "AppKit_NSColor",
-    "AppKit_NSControl",
-    "AppKit_NSCursor",
-    "AppKit_NSEvent",
-    "AppKit_NSGraphicsContext",
-    "AppKit_NSImage",
-    "AppKit_NSImageRep",
-    "AppKit_NSMenu",
-    "AppKit_NSMenuItem",
-    "AppKit_NSPasteboard",
-    "AppKit_NSResponder",
-    "AppKit_NSScreen",
-    "AppKit_NSTextInputContext",
-    "AppKit_NSView",
-    "AppKit_NSWindow",
-    "AppKit_NSWindowTabGroup",
+    "NSArray",
+    "NSAttributedString",
+    "NSData",
+    "NSDictionary",
+    "NSDistributedNotificationCenter",
+    "NSEnumerator",
+    "NSKeyValueObserving",
+    "NSNotification",
+    "NSObjCRuntime",
+    "NSPathUtilities",
+    "NSProcessInfo",
+    "NSRunLoop",
+    "NSString",
+    "NSThread",
+    "NSValue",
 ]
 
-[target.'cfg(target_os = "ios")'.dependencies.icrate]
-version = "0.1.0"
+[target.'cfg(target_os = "macos")'.dependencies.objc2-app-kit]
+version = "0.2.2"
 features = [
+    "NSAppearance",
+    "NSApplication",
+    "NSBitmapImageRep",
+    "NSButton",
+    "NSColor",
+    "NSControl",
+    "NSCursor",
+    "NSDragging",
+    "NSEvent",
+    "NSGraphics",
+    "NSGraphicsContext",
+    "NSImage",
+    "NSImageRep",
+    "NSMenu",
+    "NSMenuItem",
+    "NSOpenGLView",
+    "NSPasteboard",
+    "NSResponder",
+    "NSRunningApplication",
+    "NSScreen",
+    "NSTextInputClient",
+    "NSTextInputContext",
+    "NSView",
+    "NSWindow",
+    "NSWindowScripting",
+    "NSWindowTabGroup",
+]
+
+[target.'cfg(target_os = "ios")'.dependencies.objc2-foundation]
+version = "0.2.2"
+features = [
+    "block2",
     "dispatch",
-    "Foundation",
-    "Foundation_NSArray",
-    "Foundation_NSString",
-    "Foundation_NSProcessInfo",
-    "Foundation_NSThread",
-    "Foundation_NSSet",
+    "NSArray",
+    "NSEnumerator",
+    "NSGeometry",
+    "NSObjCRuntime",
+    "NSOperation",
+    "NSString",
+    "NSProcessInfo",
+    "NSThread",
+    "NSSet",
+]
+
+[target.'cfg(target_os = "ios")'.dependencies.objc2-ui-kit]
+version = "0.2.2"
+features = [
+    "UIApplication",
+    "UIDevice",
+    "UIEvent",
+    "UIGeometry",
+    "UIGestureRecognizer",
+    "UITextInput",
+    "UITextInputTraits",
+    "UIOrientation",
+    "UIPanGestureRecognizer",
+    "UIPinchGestureRecognizer",
+    "UIResponder",
+    "UIRotationGestureRecognizer",
+    "UIScreen",
+    "UIScreenMode",
+    "UITapGestureRecognizer",
+    "UITouch",
+    "UITraitCollection",
+    "UIView",
+    "UIViewController",
+    "UIWindow",
 ]
 
 [target.'cfg(target_os = "windows")'.dependencies]
 unicode-segmentation = "1.7.1"
 
 [target.'cfg(target_os = "windows")'.dependencies.windows-sys]
-version = "0.48"
+version = "0.52.0"
 features = [
     "Win32_Devices_HumanInterfaceDevice",
     "Win32_Foundation",
@@ -158,6 +234,7 @@ features = [
     "Win32_System_Com",
     "Win32_System_LibraryLoader",
     "Win32_System_Ole",
+    "Win32_Security",
     "Win32_System_SystemInformation",
     "Win32_System_SystemServices",
     "Win32_System_Threading",
@@ -177,84 +254,110 @@ features = [
 [target.'cfg(all(unix, not(any(target_os = "redox", target_family = "wasm", target_os = "android", target_os = "ios", target_os = "macos"))))'.dependencies]
 ahash = { version = "0.8.7", features = ["no-rng"], optional = true }
 bytemuck = { version = "1.13.1", default-features = false, optional = true }
-calloop = "0.12.3"
+calloop = "0.13.0"
 libc = "0.2.64"
 memmap2 = { version = "0.9.0", optional = true }
 percent-encoding = { version = "2.0", optional = true }
-rustix = { version = "0.38.4", default-features = false, features = ["std", "system", "thread", "process"] }
-sctk = { package = "smithay-client-toolkit", version = "0.18.0", default-features = false, features = ["calloop"], optional = true }
-sctk-adwaita = { version = "0.8.0", default_features = false, optional = true }
-wayland-backend = { version = "0.3.0", default_features = false, features = ["client_system"], optional = true }
-wayland-client = { version = "0.31.1", optional = true }
-wayland-protocols = { version = "0.31.0", features = [ "staging"], optional = true }
-wayland-protocols-plasma = { version = "0.2.0", features = [ "client" ], optional = true }
+rustix = { version = "0.38.4", default-features = false, features = [
+    "std",
+    "system",
+    "thread",
+    "process",
+] }
+sctk = { package = "smithay-client-toolkit", version = "0.19.2", default-features = false, features = [
+    "calloop",
+], optional = true }
+sctk-adwaita = { version = "0.10.1", default-features = false, optional = true }
+wayland-backend = { version = "0.3.10", default-features = false, features = [
+    "client_system",
+], optional = true }
+wayland-client = { version = "0.31.10", optional = true }
+wayland-protocols = { version = "0.32.8", features = [
+    "staging",
+], optional = true }
+wayland-protocols-plasma = { version = "0.3.8", features = [
+    "client",
+], optional = true }
 x11-dl = { version = "2.19.1", optional = true }
-x11rb = { version = "0.13.0", default-features = false, features = ["allow-unsafe-code", "dl-libxcb", "randr", "resource_manager", "xinput", "xkb"], optional = true }
+x11rb = { version = "0.13.0", default-features = false, features = [
+    "allow-unsafe-code",
+    "dl-libxcb",
+    "randr",
+    "resource_manager",
+    "xinput",
+    "xkb",
+], optional = true }
 xkbcommon-dl = "0.4.2"
 
 [target.'cfg(target_os = "redox")'.dependencies]
 orbclient = { version = "0.3.47", default-features = false }
 redox_syscall = "0.4.1"
 
-[target.'cfg(target_family = "wasm")'.dependencies.web_sys]
-package = "web-sys"
-version = "0.3.64"
-features = [
-    'AbortController',
-    'AbortSignal',
-    'Blob',
-    'console',
-    'CssStyleDeclaration',
-    'Document',
-    'DomException',
-    'DomRect',
-    'DomRectReadOnly',
-    'Element',
-    'Event',
-    'EventTarget',
-    'FocusEvent',
-    'HtmlCanvasElement',
-    'HtmlElement',
-    'HtmlImageElement',
-    'ImageBitmap',
-    'ImageBitmapOptions',
-    'ImageBitmapRenderingContext',
-    'ImageData',
-    'IntersectionObserver',
-    'IntersectionObserverEntry',
-    'KeyboardEvent',
-    'MediaQueryList',
-    'MessageChannel',
-    'MessagePort',
-    'Node',
-    'PageTransitionEvent',
-    'PointerEvent',
-    'PremultiplyAlpha',
-    'ResizeObserver',
-    'ResizeObserverBoxOptions',
-    'ResizeObserverEntry',
-    'ResizeObserverOptions',
-    'ResizeObserverSize',
-    'VisibilityState',
-    'Window',
-    'WheelEvent',
-    'Url',
-]
-
 [target.'cfg(target_family = "wasm")'.dependencies]
-js-sys = "0.3.64"
+js-sys = "0.3.70"
 pin-project = "1"
-wasm-bindgen = "0.2"
-wasm-bindgen-futures = "0.4"
+wasm-bindgen = "0.2.93"
+wasm-bindgen-futures = "0.4.43"
 web-time = "1"
+web_sys = { package = "web-sys", version = "0.3.70", features = [
+    "AbortController",
+    "AbortSignal",
+    "Blob",
+    "BlobPropertyBag",
+    "console",
+    "CssStyleDeclaration",
+    "Document",
+    "DomException",
+    "DomRect",
+    "DomRectReadOnly",
+    "Element",
+    "Event",
+    "EventTarget",
+    "FocusEvent",
+    "HtmlCanvasElement",
+    "HtmlElement",
+    "HtmlImageElement",
+    "ImageBitmap",
+    "ImageBitmapOptions",
+    "ImageBitmapRenderingContext",
+    "ImageData",
+    "IntersectionObserver",
+    "IntersectionObserverEntry",
+    "KeyboardEvent",
+    "MediaQueryList",
+    "MessageChannel",
+    "MessagePort",
+    "Navigator",
+    "Node",
+    "OrientationLockType",
+    "OrientationType",
+    "PageTransitionEvent",
+    "Permissions",
+    "PermissionState",
+    "PermissionStatus",
+    "PointerEvent",
+    "PremultiplyAlpha",
+    "ResizeObserver",
+    "ResizeObserverBoxOptions",
+    "ResizeObserverEntry",
+    "ResizeObserverOptions",
+    "ResizeObserverSize",
+    "Screen",
+    "ScreenOrientation",
+    "Url",
+    "VisibilityState",
+    "WheelEvent",
+    "Window",
+    "Worker",
+] }
 
 [target.'cfg(all(target_family = "wasm", target_feature = "atomics"))'.dependencies]
 atomic-waker = "1"
 concurrent-queue = { version = "2", default-features = false }
 
 [target.'cfg(target_family = "wasm")'.dev-dependencies]
-console_log = "1"
-web-sys = { version = "0.3.22", features = ['CanvasRenderingContext2d'] }
+console_error_panic_hook = "0.1"
+tracing-web = "0.1"
 
 [[example]]
 doc-scrape-examples = true
@@ -262,13 +365,7 @@ name = "window"
 
 [workspace]
 resolver = "2"
-members = [
-    "dpi",
-    "it/common-tests",
-    "it/gui-test",
-    "it/gui-test-runner",
-    "run-wasm",
-]
+members = ["dpi"]
 
 [workspace.package]
 rust-version = "1.70.0"
@@ -277,9 +374,5 @@ license = "Apache-2.0"
 edition = "2021"
 
 [workspace.dependencies]
-async-io = "2.3.1"
-gui-test = { path = "it/gui-test" }
-mint = "0.5.6"
 serde = { version = "1", features = ["serde_derive"] }
-serde_json = "1.0.114"
-winit = { path = "." }
+mint = "0.5.6"

FEATURES.md

@@ -179,7 +179,7 @@ Legend:
 |Window decorations               |✔️     |✔️     |✔️         |✔️             |**N/A**|**N/A**|**N/A**|✔️      |
 |Window decorations toggle        |✔️     |✔️     |✔️         |✔️             |**N/A**|**N/A**|**N/A**|**N/A** |
 |Window resizing                  |✔️     |✔️     |✔️         |✔️        |**N/A**|**N/A**|✔️        |✔️      |
-|Window resize increments         |❌     |✔️     |✔️         |❌             |**N/A**|**N/A**|**N/A**|**N/A** |
+|Window resize increments         |✔️     |✔️     |✔️         |❌             |**N/A**|**N/A**|**N/A**|**N/A** |
 |Window transparency              |✔️     |✔️     |✔️         |✔️             |**N/A**|**N/A**|N/A        |✔️      |
 |Window blur                      |❌    |❌    |❌        |✔️             |**N/A**|**N/A**|N/A        |❌     |
 |Window maximization              |✔️     |✔️     |✔️         |✔️             |**N/A**|**N/A**|**N/A**|**N/A** |

README.md

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
 
 ```toml
 [dependencies]
-winit = "0.29.15"
+winit = "0.30.10"
 ```
 
 ## [Documentation](https://docs.rs/winit)
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ For features _outside_ the scope of winit, see [Are we GUI Yet?](https://arewegu
 
 ## Contact Us
 
-Join us in our [![Matrix](https://img.shields.io/badge/Matrix-%23rust--windowing%3Amatrix.org-blueviolet.svg)](https://matrix.to/#/#rust-windowing:matrix.org) room. If you don't get an answer there, try [![Libera.Chat](https://img.shields.io/badge/libera.chat-%23winit-red.svg)](https://web.libera.chat/#winit).
+Join us in our [![Matrix](https://img.shields.io/badge/Matrix-%23rust--windowing%3Amatrix.org-blueviolet.svg)](https://matrix.to/#/#rust-windowing:matrix.org) room.
 
 The maintainers have a meeting every friday at UTC 15. The meeting notes can be found [here](https://hackmd.io/@winit-meetings).
 

build.rs

@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 use cfg_aliases::cfg_aliases;
 
 fn main() {
-    // The script doesn't depend on our code
+    // The script doesn't depend on our code.
     println!("cargo:rerun-if-changed=build.rs");
 
-    // Setup cfg aliases
+    // Setup cfg aliases.
     cfg_aliases! {
         // Systems.
         android_platform: { target_os = "android" },
@@ -21,4 +21,7 @@ fn main() {
         wayland_platform: { all(feature = "wayland", free_unix, not(redox)) },
         orbital_platform: { redox },
     }
+
+    // Winit defined cfgs.
+    println!("cargo:rustc-check-cfg=cfg(unreleased_changelogs)");
 }

clippy.toml

@@ -10,6 +10,6 @@ disallowed-methods = [
     { path = "web_sys::Element::request_fullscreen", reason = "Doesn't account for compatibility with Safari" },
     { path = "web_sys::Document::exit_fullscreen", reason = "Doesn't account for compatibility with Safari" },
     { path = "web_sys::Document::fullscreen_element", reason = "Doesn't account for compatibility with Safari" },
-    { path = "icrate::AppKit::NSView::visibleRect", reason = "We expose a render target to the user, and visibility is not really relevant to that (and can break if you don't use the rectangle position as well). Use `frame` instead." },
-    { path = "icrate::AppKit::NSWindow::setFrameTopLeftPoint", reason = "Not sufficient when working with Winit's coordinate system, use `flip_window_screen_coordinates` instead" },
+    { path = "objc2_app_kit::NSView::visibleRect", reason = "We expose a render target to the user, and visibility is not really relevant to that (and can break if you don't use the rectangle position as well). Use `frame` instead." },
+    { path = "objc2_app_kit::NSWindow::setFrameTopLeftPoint", reason = "Not sufficient when working with Winit's coordinate system, use `flip_window_screen_coordinates` instead" },
 ]

deny.toml

@@ -1,15 +1,20 @@
-# https://embarkstudios.github.io/cargo-deny/
+# https://embarkstudios.github.io/cargo-deny
 # cargo install cargo-deny
-# cargo update && cargo deny --all-features --log-level error --target aarch64-apple-ios check
+# cargo update && cargo deny --target aarch64-apple-ios check
 # Note: running just `cargo deny check` without a `--target` will result in
 # false positives due to https://github.com/EmbarkStudios/cargo-deny/issues/324
+[graph]
+all-features = true
+exclude-dev = true
 targets = [
     { triple = "aarch64-apple-ios" },
     { triple = "aarch64-linux-android" },
     { triple = "i686-pc-windows-gnu" },
     { triple = "i686-pc-windows-msvc" },
     { triple = "i686-unknown-linux-gnu" },
-    { triple = "wasm32-unknown-unknown" },
+    { triple = "wasm32-unknown-unknown", features = [
+        "atomics",
+    ] },
     { triple = "x86_64-apple-darwin" },
     { triple = "x86_64-apple-ios" },
     { triple = "x86_64-pc-windows-gnu" },
@@ -18,46 +23,52 @@ targets = [
     { triple = "x86_64-unknown-redox" },
 ]
 
-
-[advisories]
-vulnerability = "deny"
-unmaintained = "warn"
-yanked = "deny"
-ignore = []
-
+[licenses]
+allow = [
+    "Apache-2.0",   # https://tldrlegal.com/license/apache-license-2.0-(apache-2.0)
+    "BSD-2-Clause", # https://tldrlegal.com/license/bsd-2-clause-license-(freebsd)
+    "BSD-3-Clause", # https://tldrlegal.com/license/bsd-3-clause-license-(revised)
+    "ISC",          # https://tldrlegal.com/license/isc-license
+    "MIT",          # https://tldrlegal.com/license/mit-license
+    "Unicode-3.0",  # https://spdx.org/licenses/Unicode-3.0.html
+]
+confidence-threshold = 1.0
+private = { ignore = true }
 
 [bans]
 multiple-versions = "deny"
-wildcards = "allow" # at least until https://github.com/EmbarkStudios/cargo-deny/issues/241 is fixed
-deny = []
 skip = [
-    { name = "raw-window-handle" },    # we intentionally have multiple versions of this
-    { name = "bitflags" },             # the ecosystem is in the process of migrating.
-    { name = "libloading" },           # x11rb uses a different version until the next update
+    { crate = "raw-window-handle", reason = "we depend on multiple behind features" },
+    { crate = "bitflags@1", reason = "the ecosystem is in the process of migrating" },
 ]
-skip-tree = []
+wildcards = "allow"                                                                        # at least until https://github.com/EmbarkStudios/cargo-deny/issues/241 is fixed
 
+[bans.build]
+include-archives = true
+interpreted = "deny"
 
-[licenses]
-private = { ignore = true }
-unlicensed = "deny"
-allow-osi-fsf-free = "neither"
-confidence-threshold = 0.92 # We want really high confidence when inferring licenses from text
-copyleft = "deny"
+[[bans.build.bypass]]
 allow = [
-    "Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception", # https://spdx.org/licenses/LLVM-exception.html
-    "Apache-2.0",                     # https://tldrlegal.com/license/apache-license-2.0-(apache-2.0)
-    "BSD-2-Clause",                   # https://tldrlegal.com/license/bsd-2-clause-license-(freebsd)
-    "BSD-3-Clause",                   # https://tldrlegal.com/license/bsd-3-clause-license-(revised)
-    "BSL-1.0",                        # https://tldrlegal.com/license/boost-software-license-1.0-explained
-    "CC0-1.0",                        # https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/
-    "ISC",                            # https://tldrlegal.com/license/-isc-license
-    "LicenseRef-UFL-1.0",             # https://tldrlegal.com/license/ubuntu-font-license,-1.0 - no official SPDX, see https://github.com/emilk/egui/issues/2321
-    "MIT-0",                          # https://choosealicense.com/licenses/mit-0/
-    "MIT",                            # https://tldrlegal.com/license/mit-license
-    "MPL-2.0",                        # https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/MPL/2.0/FAQ/ - see Q11. Used by webpki-roots on Linux.
-    "OFL-1.1",                        # https://spdx.org/licenses/OFL-1.1.html
-    "OpenSSL",                        # https://www.openssl.org/source/license.html - used on Linux
-    "Unicode-DFS-2016",               # https://spdx.org/licenses/Unicode-DFS-2016.html
-    "Zlib",                           # https://tldrlegal.com/license/zlib-libpng-license-(zlib)
+    { path = "generate-bindings.sh", checksum = "268ec23248218d779e33853cdc60e2985e70214ff004716cd734270de1f6b561" },
 ]
+crate = "android-activity"
+
+[[bans.build.bypass]]
+allow-globs = ["freetype2/*"]
+crate = "freetype-sys"
+
+[[bans.build.bypass]]
+allow-globs = ["lib/*.a"]
+crate = "windows_i686_gnu"
+
+[[bans.build.bypass]]
+allow-globs = ["lib/*.lib"]
+crate = "windows_i686_msvc"
+
+[[bans.build.bypass]]
+allow-globs = ["lib/*.a"]
+crate = "windows_x86_64_gnu"
+
+[[bans.build.bypass]]
+allow-globs = ["lib/*.lib"]
+crate = "windows_x86_64_msvc"

dockerfiles/Dockerfile.ubuntu

@@ -1,40 +0,0 @@
-# syntax=docker/dockerfile:1
-# Copyright 2024 The Winit Contributors
-#
-# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-# You may obtain a copy of the License at
-#
-#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-#
-# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-# limitations under the License.
-
-ARG DISTRO=ubuntu
-ARG DISTRO_VERSION=22.04
-
-FROM "${DISTRO}":"${DISTRO_VERSION}"
-SHELL ["/bin/bash", "-eEuxo", "pipefail", "-c"]
-ARG DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive
-
-RUN \
-apt-get -o Acquire::Retries=10 -qq update && \
-apt-get -o Acquire::Retries=10 -o Dpkg::Use-Pty=0 install -y --no-install-recommends \
-    cargo \
-    ca-certificates \
-    libx11-dev \
-    libxcursor-dev \
-    libxcb1-dev \
-    libxi-dev \
-    libxkbcommon-dev \
-    libxkbcommon-x11-dev \
-    xvfb && \
-rm -rf \
-    /var/lib/apt/lists/* \
-    /var/cache/* \
-    /var/log/* \
-    /usr/share/{doc,man}
-

dpi/src/lib.rs

@@ -35,9 +35,9 @@
 //!
 //! ### Position and Size types
 //!
-//! The [`PhysicalPosition`] / [`PhysicalSize`] / [`PhysicalUnit`] types correspond with the actual pixels on the
-//! device, and the [`LogicalPosition`] / [`LogicalSize`] / [`LogicalUnit`] types correspond to the physical pixels
-//! divided by the scale factor.
+//! The [`PhysicalPosition`] / [`PhysicalSize`] / [`PhysicalUnit`] types correspond with the actual
+//! pixels on the device, and the [`LogicalPosition`] / [`LogicalSize`] / [`LogicalUnit`] types
+//! correspond to the physical pixels divided by the scale factor.
 //!
 //! The position and size types are generic over their exact pixel type, `P`, to allow the
 //! API to have integer precision where appropriate (e.g. most window manipulation functions) and
@@ -52,19 +52,14 @@
 //!
 //! This crate provides the following Cargo features:
 //!
-//! * `serde`: Enables serialization/deserialization of certain types with
-//!   [Serde](https://crates.io/crates/serde).
+//! * `serde`: Enables serialization/deserialization of certain types with [Serde](https://crates.io/crates/serde).
 //! * `mint`: Enables mint (math interoperability standard types) conversions.
 //!
 //!
 //! [points]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Point_(typography)
 //! [picas]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pica_(typography)
 
-#![cfg_attr(
-    docsrs,
-    feature(doc_auto_cfg, doc_cfg_hide),
-    doc(cfg_hide(doc, docsrs))
-)]
+#![cfg_attr(docsrs, feature(doc_auto_cfg, doc_cfg_hide), doc(cfg_hide(doc, docsrs)))]
 #![forbid(unsafe_code)]
 
 #[cfg(feature = "serde")]
@@ -120,9 +115,9 @@ impl Pixel for f64 {
 
 /// Checks that the scale factor is a normal positive `f64`.
 ///
-/// All functions that take a scale factor assert that this will return `true`. If you're sourcing scale factors from
-/// anywhere other than winit, it's recommended to validate them using this function before passing them to winit;
-/// otherwise, you risk panics.
+/// All functions that take a scale factor assert that this will return `true`. If you're sourcing
+/// scale factors from anywhere other than winit, it's recommended to validate them using this
+/// function before passing them to winit; otherwise, you risk panics.
 #[inline]
 pub fn validate_scale_factor(scale_factor: f64) -> bool {
     scale_factor.is_sign_positive() && scale_factor.is_normal()
@@ -134,12 +129,12 @@ pub fn validate_scale_factor(scale_factor: f64) -> bool {
 pub struct LogicalUnit<P>(pub P);
 
 impl<P> LogicalUnit<P> {
+    /// Represents a maximum logical unit that is equal to [`f64::MAX`].
+    pub const MAX: LogicalUnit<f64> = LogicalUnit::new(f64::MAX);
     /// Represents a minimum logical unit of [`f64::MAX`].
     pub const MIN: LogicalUnit<f64> = LogicalUnit::new(f64::MIN);
     /// Represents a logical unit of `0_f64`.
     pub const ZERO: LogicalUnit<f64> = LogicalUnit::new(0.0);
-    /// Represents a maximum logical unit that is equal to [`f64::MAX`].
-    pub const MAX: LogicalUnit<f64> = LogicalUnit::new(f64::MAX);
 
     #[inline]
     pub const fn new(v: P) -> Self {
@@ -228,12 +223,12 @@ impl<P: Pixel> From<LogicalUnit<P>> for f64 {
 pub struct PhysicalUnit<P>(pub P);
 
 impl<P> PhysicalUnit<P> {
+    /// Represents a maximum physical unit that is equal to [`f64::MAX`].
+    pub const MAX: LogicalUnit<f64> = LogicalUnit::new(f64::MAX);
     /// Represents a minimum physical unit of [`f64::MAX`].
     pub const MIN: LogicalUnit<f64> = LogicalUnit::new(f64::MIN);
     /// Represents a physical unit of `0_f64`.
     pub const ZERO: LogicalUnit<f64> = LogicalUnit::new(0.0);
-    /// Represents a maximum physical unit that is equal to [`f64::MAX`].
-    pub const MAX: LogicalUnit<f64> = LogicalUnit::new(f64::MAX);
 
     #[inline]
     pub const fn new(v: P) -> Self {
@@ -322,12 +317,12 @@ pub enum PixelUnit {
 }
 
 impl PixelUnit {
+    /// Represents a maximum logical unit that is equal to [`f64::MAX`].
+    pub const MAX: PixelUnit = PixelUnit::Logical(LogicalUnit::new(f64::MAX));
     /// Represents a minimum logical unit of [`f64::MAX`].
     pub const MIN: PixelUnit = PixelUnit::Logical(LogicalUnit::new(f64::MIN));
     /// Represents a logical unit of `0_f64`.
     pub const ZERO: PixelUnit = PixelUnit::Logical(LogicalUnit::new(0.0));
-    /// Represents a maximum logical unit that is equal to [`f64::MAX`].
-    pub const MAX: PixelUnit = PixelUnit::Logical(LogicalUnit::new(f64::MAX));
 
     pub fn new<S: Into<PixelUnit>>(unit: S) -> PixelUnit {
         unit.into()
@@ -400,10 +395,7 @@ impl<P: Pixel> LogicalPosition<P> {
 
     #[inline]
     pub fn cast<X: Pixel>(&self) -> LogicalPosition<X> {
-        LogicalPosition {
-            x: self.x.cast(),
-            y: self.y.cast(),
-        }
+        LogicalPosition { x: self.x.cast(), y: self.y.cast() }
     }
 }
 
@@ -479,10 +471,7 @@ impl<P: Pixel> PhysicalPosition<P> {
 
     #[inline]
     pub fn cast<X: Pixel>(&self) -> PhysicalPosition<X> {
-        PhysicalPosition {
-            x: self.x.cast(),
-            y: self.y.cast(),
-        }
+        PhysicalPosition { x: self.x.cast(), y: self.y.cast() }
     }
 }
 
@@ -558,10 +547,7 @@ impl<P: Pixel> LogicalSize<P> {
 
     #[inline]
     pub fn cast<X: Pixel>(&self) -> LogicalSize<X> {
-        LogicalSize {
-            width: self.width.cast(),
-            height: self.height.cast(),
-        }
+        LogicalSize { width: self.width.cast(), height: self.height.cast() }
     }
 }
 
@@ -599,10 +585,7 @@ impl<P: Pixel> From<mint::Vector2<P>> for LogicalSize<P> {
 #[cfg(feature = "mint")]
 impl<P: Pixel> From<LogicalSize<P>> for mint::Vector2<P> {
     fn from(s: LogicalSize<P>) -> Self {
-        mint::Vector2 {
-            x: s.width,
-            y: s.height,
-        }
+        mint::Vector2 { x: s.width, y: s.height }
     }
 }
 
@@ -637,10 +620,7 @@ impl<P: Pixel> PhysicalSize<P> {
 
     #[inline]
     pub fn cast<X: Pixel>(&self) -> PhysicalSize<X> {
-        PhysicalSize {
-            width: self.width.cast(),
-            height: self.height.cast(),
-        }
+        PhysicalSize { width: self.width.cast(), height: self.height.cast() }
     }
 }
 
@@ -678,10 +658,7 @@ impl<P: Pixel> From<mint::Vector2<P>> for PhysicalSize<P> {
 #[cfg(feature = "mint")]
 impl<P: Pixel> From<PhysicalSize<P>> for mint::Vector2<P> {
     fn from(s: PhysicalSize<P>) -> Self {
-        mint::Vector2 {
-            x: s.width,
-            y: s.height,
-        }
+        mint::Vector2 { x: s.width, y: s.height }
     }
 }
 
@@ -846,12 +823,7 @@ mod tests {
 
     macro_rules! assert_approx_eq {
         ($a:expr, $b:expr $(,)?) => {
-            assert!(
-                ($a - $b).abs() < 0.001,
-                "{} is not approximately equal to {}",
-                $a,
-                $b
-            );
+            assert!(($a - $b).abs() < 0.001, "{} is not approximately equal to {}", $a, $b);
         };
     }
 
@@ -970,14 +942,8 @@ mod tests {
         assert_eq!(log_unit.to_physical::<u32>(1.0), PhysicalUnit::new(1));
         assert_eq!(log_unit.to_physical::<u32>(2.0), PhysicalUnit::new(2));
         assert_eq!(log_unit.cast::<u32>(), LogicalUnit::new(1));
-        assert_eq!(
-            log_unit,
-            LogicalUnit::from_physical(PhysicalUnit::new(1.0), 1.0)
-        );
-        assert_eq!(
-            log_unit,
-            LogicalUnit::from_physical(PhysicalUnit::new(2.0), 2.0)
-        );
+        assert_eq!(log_unit, LogicalUnit::from_physical(PhysicalUnit::new(1.0), 1.0));
+        assert_eq!(log_unit, LogicalUnit::from_physical(PhysicalUnit::new(2.0), 2.0));
         assert_eq!(LogicalUnit::from(2.0), LogicalUnit::new(2.0));
 
         let x: f64 = log_unit.into();
@@ -986,14 +952,8 @@ mod tests {
 
     #[test]
     fn test_physical_unit() {
-        assert_eq!(
-            PhysicalUnit::from_logical(LogicalUnit::new(1.0), 1.0),
-            PhysicalUnit::new(1)
-        );
-        assert_eq!(
-            PhysicalUnit::from_logical(LogicalUnit::new(2.0), 0.5),
-            PhysicalUnit::new(1)
-        );
+        assert_eq!(PhysicalUnit::from_logical(LogicalUnit::new(1.0), 1.0), PhysicalUnit::new(1));
+        assert_eq!(PhysicalUnit::from_logical(LogicalUnit::new(2.0), 0.5), PhysicalUnit::new(1));
         assert_eq!(PhysicalUnit::from(2.0), PhysicalUnit::new(2.0,));
         assert_eq!(PhysicalUnit::from(2.0), PhysicalUnit::new(2.0));
 
@@ -1007,22 +967,10 @@ mod tests {
         assert_eq!(log_pos.to_physical::<u32>(1.0), PhysicalPosition::new(1, 2));
         assert_eq!(log_pos.to_physical::<u32>(2.0), PhysicalPosition::new(2, 4));
         assert_eq!(log_pos.cast::<u32>(), LogicalPosition::new(1, 2));
-        assert_eq!(
-            log_pos,
-            LogicalPosition::from_physical(PhysicalPosition::new(1.0, 2.0), 1.0)
-        );
-        assert_eq!(
-            log_pos,
-            LogicalPosition::from_physical(PhysicalPosition::new(2.0, 4.0), 2.0)
-        );
-        assert_eq!(
-            LogicalPosition::from((2.0, 2.0)),
-            LogicalPosition::new(2.0, 2.0)
-        );
-        assert_eq!(
-            LogicalPosition::from([2.0, 3.0]),
-            LogicalPosition::new(2.0, 3.0)
-        );
+        assert_eq!(log_pos, LogicalPosition::from_physical(PhysicalPosition::new(1.0, 2.0), 1.0));
+        assert_eq!(log_pos, LogicalPosition::from_physical(PhysicalPosition::new(2.0, 4.0), 2.0));
+        assert_eq!(LogicalPosition::from((2.0, 2.0)), LogicalPosition::new(2.0, 2.0));
+        assert_eq!(LogicalPosition::from([2.0, 3.0]), LogicalPosition::new(2.0, 3.0));
 
         let x: (f64, f64) = log_pos.into();
         assert_eq!(x, (1.0, 2.0));
@@ -1040,14 +988,8 @@ mod tests {
             PhysicalPosition::from_logical(LogicalPosition::new(2.0, 4.0), 0.5),
             PhysicalPosition::new(1, 2)
         );
-        assert_eq!(
-            PhysicalPosition::from((2.0, 2.0)),
-            PhysicalPosition::new(2.0, 2.0)
-        );
-        assert_eq!(
-            PhysicalPosition::from([2.0, 3.0]),
-            PhysicalPosition::new(2.0, 3.0)
-        );
+        assert_eq!(PhysicalPosition::from((2.0, 2.0)), PhysicalPosition::new(2.0, 2.0));
+        assert_eq!(PhysicalPosition::from([2.0, 3.0]), PhysicalPosition::new(2.0, 3.0));
 
         let x: (f64, f64) = PhysicalPosition::new(1, 2).into();
         assert_eq!(x, (1.0, 2.0));
@@ -1061,14 +1003,8 @@ mod tests {
         assert_eq!(log_size.to_physical::<u32>(1.0), PhysicalSize::new(1, 2));
         assert_eq!(log_size.to_physical::<u32>(2.0), PhysicalSize::new(2, 4));
         assert_eq!(log_size.cast::<u32>(), LogicalSize::new(1, 2));
-        assert_eq!(
-            log_size,
-            LogicalSize::from_physical(PhysicalSize::new(1.0, 2.0), 1.0)
-        );
-        assert_eq!(
-            log_size,
-            LogicalSize::from_physical(PhysicalSize::new(2.0, 4.0), 2.0)
-        );
+        assert_eq!(log_size, LogicalSize::from_physical(PhysicalSize::new(1.0, 2.0), 1.0));
+        assert_eq!(log_size, LogicalSize::from_physical(PhysicalSize::new(2.0, 4.0), 2.0));
         assert_eq!(LogicalSize::from((2.0, 2.0)), LogicalSize::new(2.0, 2.0));
         assert_eq!(LogicalSize::from([2.0, 3.0]), LogicalSize::new(2.0, 3.0));
 
@@ -1099,10 +1035,7 @@ mod tests {
 
     #[test]
     fn test_size() {
-        assert_eq!(
-            Size::new(PhysicalSize::new(1, 2)),
-            Size::Physical(PhysicalSize::new(1, 2))
-        );
+        assert_eq!(Size::new(PhysicalSize::new(1, 2)), Size::Physical(PhysicalSize::new(1, 2)));
         assert_eq!(
             Size::new(LogicalSize::new(1.0, 2.0)),
             Size::Logical(LogicalSize::new(1.0, 2.0))

examples/child_window.rs

@@ -1,7 +1,4 @@
-#[cfg(all(
-    feature = "rwh_06",
-    any(x11_platform, macos_platform, windows_platform)
-))]
+#[cfg(all(feature = "rwh_06", any(x11_platform, macos_platform, windows_platform)))]
 #[allow(deprecated)]
 fn main() -> Result<(), impl std::error::Error> {
     use std::collections::HashMap;
@@ -46,25 +43,22 @@ fn main() -> Result<(), impl std::error::Error> {
 
                 println!("Parent window id: {parent_window_id:?})");
                 windows.insert(window.id(), window);
-            }
+            },
             Event::WindowEvent { window_id, event } => match event {
                 WindowEvent::CloseRequested => {
                     windows.clear();
                     event_loop.exit();
-                }
+                },
                 WindowEvent::CursorEntered { device_id: _ } => {
-                    // On x11, println when the cursor entered in a window even if the child window is created
-                    // by some key inputs.
-                    // the child windows are always placed at (0, 0) with size (200, 200) in the parent window,
-                    // so we also can see this log when we move the cursor around (200, 200) in parent window.
+                    // On x11, println when the cursor entered in a window even if the child window
+                    // is created by some key inputs.
+                    // the child windows are always placed at (0, 0) with size (200, 200) in the
+                    // parent window, so we also can see this log when we move
+                    // the cursor around (200, 200) in parent window.
                     println!("cursor entered in the window {window_id:?}");
-                }
+                },
                 WindowEvent::KeyboardInput {
-                    event:
-                        KeyEvent {
-                            state: ElementState::Pressed,
-                            ..
-                        },
+                    event: KeyEvent { state: ElementState::Pressed, .. },
                     ..
                 } => {
                     let parent_window = windows.get(&parent_window_id.unwrap()).unwrap();
@@ -72,12 +66,12 @@ fn main() -> Result<(), impl std::error::Error> {
                     let child_id = child_window.id();
                     println!("Child window created with id: {child_id:?}");
                     windows.insert(child_id, child_window);
-                }
+                },
                 WindowEvent::RedrawRequested => {
                     if let Some(window) = windows.get(&window_id) {
                         fill::fill_window(window);
                     }
-                }
+                },
                 _ => (),
             },
             _ => (),
@@ -85,10 +79,10 @@ fn main() -> Result<(), impl std::error::Error> {
     })
 }
 
-#[cfg(all(
-    feature = "rwh_06",
-    not(any(x11_platform, macos_platform, windows_platform))
-))]
+#[cfg(all(feature = "rwh_06", not(any(x11_platform, macos_platform, windows_platform))))]
 fn main() {
-    panic!("This example is supported only on x11, macOS, and Windows, with the `rwh_06` feature enabled.");
+    panic!(
+        "This example is supported only on x11, macOS, and Windows, with the `rwh_06` feature \
+         enabled."
+    );
 }

examples/control_flow.rs

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ use std::thread;
 #[cfg(not(web_platform))]
 use std::time;
 
+use ::tracing::{info, warn};
 #[cfg(web_platform)]
 use web_time as time;
 
@@ -15,6 +16,8 @@ use winit::window::{Window, WindowId};
 
 #[path = "util/fill.rs"]
 mod fill;
+#[path = "util/tracing.rs"]
+mod tracing;
 
 const WAIT_TIME: time::Duration = time::Duration::from_millis(100);
 const POLL_SLEEP_TIME: time::Duration = time::Duration::from_millis(100);
@@ -28,13 +31,16 @@ enum Mode {
 }
 
 fn main() -> Result<(), impl std::error::Error> {
-    tracing_subscriber::fmt::init();
+    #[cfg(web_platform)]
+    console_error_panic_hook::set_once();
 
-    println!("Press '1' to switch to Wait mode.");
-    println!("Press '2' to switch to WaitUntil mode.");
-    println!("Press '3' to switch to Poll mode.");
-    println!("Press 'R' to toggle request_redraw() calls.");
-    println!("Press 'Esc' to close the window.");
+    tracing::init();
+
+    info!("Press '1' to switch to Wait mode.");
+    info!("Press '2' to switch to WaitUntil mode.");
+    info!("Press '3' to switch to Poll mode.");
+    info!("Press 'R' to toggle request_redraw() calls.");
+    info!("Press 'Esc' to close the window.");
 
     let event_loop = EventLoop::new().unwrap();
 
@@ -53,7 +59,7 @@ struct ControlFlowDemo {
 
 impl ApplicationHandler for ControlFlowDemo {
     fn new_events(&mut self, _event_loop: &ActiveEventLoop, cause: StartCause) {
-        println!("new_events: {cause:?}");
+        info!("new_events: {cause:?}");
 
         self.wait_cancelled = match cause {
             StartCause::WaitCancelled { .. } => self.mode == Mode::WaitUntil,
@@ -74,49 +80,44 @@ impl ApplicationHandler for ControlFlowDemo {
         _window_id: WindowId,
         event: WindowEvent,
     ) {
-        println!("{event:?}");
+        info!("{event:?}");
 
         match event {
             WindowEvent::CloseRequested => {
                 self.close_requested = true;
-            }
+            },
             WindowEvent::KeyboardInput {
-                event:
-                    KeyEvent {
-                        logical_key: key,
-                        state: ElementState::Pressed,
-                        ..
-                    },
+                event: KeyEvent { logical_key: key, state: ElementState::Pressed, .. },
                 ..
             } => match key.as_ref() {
                 // WARNING: Consider using `key_without_modifiers()` if available on your platform.
                 // See the `key_binding` example
                 Key::Character("1") => {
                     self.mode = Mode::Wait;
-                    println!("\nmode: {:?}\n", self.mode);
-                }
+                    warn!("mode: {:?}", self.mode);
+                },
                 Key::Character("2") => {
                     self.mode = Mode::WaitUntil;
-                    println!("\nmode: {:?}\n", self.mode);
-                }
+                    warn!("mode: {:?}", self.mode);
+                },
                 Key::Character("3") => {
                     self.mode = Mode::Poll;
-                    println!("\nmode: {:?}\n", self.mode);
-                }
+                    warn!("mode: {:?}", self.mode);
+                },
                 Key::Character("r") => {
                     self.request_redraw = !self.request_redraw;
-                    println!("\nrequest_redraw: {}\n", self.request_redraw);
-                }
+                    warn!("request_redraw: {}", self.request_redraw);
+                },
                 Key::Named(NamedKey::Escape) => {
                     self.close_requested = true;
-                }
+                },
                 _ => (),
             },
             WindowEvent::RedrawRequested => {
                 let window = self.window.as_ref().unwrap();
                 window.pre_present_notify();
                 fill::fill_window(window);
-            }
+            },
             _ => (),
         }
     }
@@ -133,11 +134,11 @@ impl ApplicationHandler for ControlFlowDemo {
                     event_loop
                         .set_control_flow(ControlFlow::WaitUntil(time::Instant::now() + WAIT_TIME));
                 }
-            }
+            },
             Mode::Poll => {
                 thread::sleep(POLL_SLEEP_TIME);
                 event_loop.set_control_flow(ControlFlow::Poll);
-            }
+            },
         };
 
         if self.close_requested {

examples/pump_events.rs

@@ -1,15 +1,11 @@
 #![allow(clippy::single_match)]
 
 // Limit this example to only compatible platforms.
-#[cfg(any(
-    windows_platform,
-    macos_platform,
-    x11_platform,
-    wayland_platform,
-    android_platform,
-))]
+#[cfg(any(windows_platform, macos_platform, x11_platform, wayland_platform, android_platform,))]
 fn main() -> std::process::ExitCode {
-    use std::{process::ExitCode, thread::sleep, time::Duration};
+    use std::process::ExitCode;
+    use std::thread::sleep;
+    use std::time::Duration;
 
     use winit::application::ApplicationHandler;
     use winit::event::WindowEvent;
@@ -49,7 +45,7 @@ fn main() -> std::process::ExitCode {
                 WindowEvent::RedrawRequested => {
                     fill::fill_window(window);
                     window.request_redraw();
-                }
+                },
                 _ => (),
             }
         }

examples/run_on_demand.rs

@@ -60,13 +60,17 @@ fn main() -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
 
             match event {
                 WindowEvent::CloseRequested => {
-                    println!("--------------------------------------------------------- Window {} CloseRequested", self.idx);
+                    println!(
+                        "--------------------------------------------------------- Window {} \
+                         CloseRequested",
+                        self.idx
+                    );
                     fill::cleanup_window(window);
                     self.window = None;
-                }
+                },
                 WindowEvent::RedrawRequested => {
                     fill::fill_window(window);
-                }
+                },
                 _ => (),
             }
         }
@@ -76,10 +80,7 @@ fn main() -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
 
     let mut event_loop = EventLoop::new().unwrap();
 
-    let mut app = App {
-        idx: 1,
-        ..Default::default()
-    };
+    let mut app = App { idx: 1, ..Default::default() };
     event_loop.run_app_on_demand(&mut app)?;
 
     println!("--------------------------------------------------------- Finished first loop");

examples/util/fill.rs

@@ -15,12 +15,12 @@ pub use platform::fill_window;
 mod platform {
     use std::cell::RefCell;
     use std::collections::HashMap;
+    use std::mem;
     use std::mem::ManuallyDrop;
     use std::num::NonZeroU32;
 
     use softbuffer::{Context, Surface};
-    use winit::window::Window;
-    use winit::window::WindowId;
+    use winit::window::{Window, WindowId};
 
     thread_local! {
         // NOTE: You should never do things like that, create context and drop it before
@@ -34,24 +34,32 @@ mod platform {
     /// The graphics context used to draw to a window.
     struct GraphicsContext {
         /// The global softbuffer context.
-        context: Context,
+        context: RefCell<Context<&'static Window>>,
 
         /// The hash map of window IDs to surfaces.
-        surfaces: HashMap<WindowId, Surface>,
+        surfaces: HashMap<WindowId, Surface<&'static Window, &'static Window>>,
     }
 
     impl GraphicsContext {
         fn new(w: &Window) -> Self {
             Self {
-                context: unsafe { Context::new(w) }.expect("Failed to create a softbuffer context"),
+                context: RefCell::new(
+                    Context::new(unsafe { mem::transmute::<&'_ Window, &'static Window>(w) })
+                        .expect("Failed to create a softbuffer context"),
+                ),
                 surfaces: HashMap::new(),
             }
         }
 
-        fn create_surface(&mut self, window: &Window) -> &mut Surface {
+        fn create_surface(
+            &mut self,
+            window: &Window,
+        ) -> &mut Surface<&'static Window, &'static Window> {
             self.surfaces.entry(window.id()).or_insert_with(|| {
-                unsafe { Surface::new(&self.context, window) }
-                    .expect("Failed to create a softbuffer surface")
+                Surface::new(&self.context.borrow(), unsafe {
+                    mem::transmute::<&'_ Window, &'static Window>(window)
+                })
+                .expect("Failed to create a softbuffer surface")
             })
         }
 
@@ -71,24 +79,17 @@ mod platform {
 
             // Either get the last context used or create a new one.
             let mut gc = gc.borrow_mut();
-            let surface = gc
-                .get_or_insert_with(|| GraphicsContext::new(window))
-                .create_surface(window);
+            let surface =
+                gc.get_or_insert_with(|| GraphicsContext::new(window)).create_surface(window);
 
             // Fill a buffer with a solid color.
-            const DARK_GRAY: u32 = 0xFF181818;
+            const DARK_GRAY: u32 = 0xff181818;
 
-            surface
-                .resize(width, height)
-                .expect("Failed to resize the softbuffer surface");
+            surface.resize(width, height).expect("Failed to resize the softbuffer surface");
 
-            let mut buffer = surface
-                .buffer_mut()
-                .expect("Failed to get the softbuffer buffer");
+            let mut buffer = surface.buffer_mut().expect("Failed to get the softbuffer buffer");
             buffer.fill(DARK_GRAY);
-            buffer
-                .present()
-                .expect("Failed to present the softbuffer buffer");
+            buffer.present().expect("Failed to present the softbuffer buffer");
         })
     }
 

examples/util/tracing.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+#[cfg(not(web_platform))]
+pub fn init() {
+    use tracing_subscriber::filter::{EnvFilter, LevelFilter};
+
+    tracing_subscriber::fmt()
+        .with_env_filter(
+            EnvFilter::builder().with_default_directive(LevelFilter::INFO.into()).from_env_lossy(),
+        )
+        .init();
+}
+
+#[cfg(web_platform)]
+pub fn init() {
+    use tracing_subscriber::layer::SubscriberExt;
+    use tracing_subscriber::util::SubscriberInitExt;
+
+    tracing_subscriber::registry()
+        .with(
+            tracing_subscriber::fmt::layer()
+                .with_ansi(false)
+                .without_time()
+                .with_writer(tracing_web::MakeWebConsoleWriter::new()),
+        )
+        .init();
+}

examples/window.rs

@@ -2,29 +2,28 @@
 
 use std::collections::HashMap;
 use std::error::Error;
-use std::fmt;
 use std::fmt::Debug;
 #[cfg(not(any(android_platform, ios_platform)))]
 use std::num::NonZeroU32;
-use std::path::Path;
+use std::sync::Arc;
+use std::{fmt, mem};
 
+use ::tracing::{error, info};
 use cursor_icon::CursorIcon;
 #[cfg(not(any(android_platform, ios_platform)))]
-use rwh_05::HasRawDisplayHandle;
+use rwh_06::{DisplayHandle, HasDisplayHandle};
 #[cfg(not(any(android_platform, ios_platform)))]
 use softbuffer::{Context, Surface};
 
 use winit::application::ApplicationHandler;
 use winit::dpi::{LogicalSize, PhysicalPosition, PhysicalSize};
-use winit::event::{DeviceEvent, DeviceId, Ime, WindowEvent};
-use winit::event::{MouseButton, MouseScrollDelta};
+use winit::event::{DeviceEvent, DeviceId, Ime, MouseButton, MouseScrollDelta, WindowEvent};
 use winit::event_loop::{ActiveEventLoop, EventLoop};
 use winit::keyboard::{Key, ModifiersState};
 use winit::window::{
     Cursor, CursorGrabMode, CustomCursor, CustomCursorSource, Fullscreen, Icon, ResizeDirection,
-    Theme,
+    Theme, Window, WindowId,
 };
-use winit::window::{Window, WindowId};
 
 #[cfg(macos_platform)]
 use winit::platform::macos::{OptionAsAlt, WindowAttributesExtMacOS, WindowExtMacOS};
@@ -32,11 +31,21 @@ use winit::platform::macos::{OptionAsAlt, WindowAttributesExtMacOS, WindowExtMac
 use winit::platform::startup_notify::{
     self, EventLoopExtStartupNotify, WindowAttributesExtStartupNotify, WindowExtStartupNotify,
 };
+#[cfg(x11_platform)]
+use winit::platform::x11::WindowAttributesExtX11;
+
+#[path = "util/tracing.rs"]
+mod tracing;
 
 /// The amount of points to around the window for drag resize direction calculations.
 const BORDER_SIZE: f64 = 20.;
 
 fn main() -> Result<(), Box<dyn Error>> {
+    #[cfg(web_platform)]
+    console_error_panic_hook::set_once();
+
+    tracing::init();
+
     let event_loop = EventLoop::<UserEvent>::with_user_event().build()?;
     let _event_loop_proxy = event_loop.create_proxy();
 
@@ -45,7 +54,7 @@ fn main() -> Result<(), Box<dyn Error>> {
     std::thread::spawn(move || {
         // Wake up the `event_loop` once every second and dispatch a custom event
         // from a different thread.
-        println!("Starting to send user event every second");
+        info!("Starting to send user event every second");
         loop {
             let _ = _event_loop_proxy.send_event(UserEvent::WakeUp);
             std::thread::sleep(std::time::Duration::from_secs(1));
@@ -74,24 +83,30 @@ struct Application {
     ///
     /// With OpenGL it could be EGLDisplay.
     #[cfg(not(any(android_platform, ios_platform)))]
-    context: Option<Context>,
+    context: Option<Context<DisplayHandle<'static>>>,
 }
 
 impl Application {
     fn new<T>(event_loop: &EventLoop<T>) -> Self {
         // SAFETY: we drop the context right before the event loop is stopped, thus making it safe.
         #[cfg(not(any(android_platform, ios_platform)))]
-        let context = Some(unsafe { Context::from_raw(event_loop.raw_display_handle()).unwrap() });
+        let context = Some(
+            Context::new(unsafe {
+                std::mem::transmute::<DisplayHandle<'_>, DisplayHandle<'static>>(
+                    event_loop.display_handle().unwrap(),
+                )
+            })
+            .unwrap(),
+        );
 
-        // You'll have to choose an icon size at your own discretion. On X11, the desired size varies
-        // by WM, and on Windows, you still have to account for screen scaling. Here we use 32px,
-        // since it seems to work well enough in most cases. Be careful about going too high, or
-        // you'll be bitten by the low-quality downscaling built into the WM.
-        let path = concat!(env!("CARGO_MANIFEST_DIR"), "/examples/data/icon.png");
+        // You'll have to choose an icon size at your own discretion. On X11, the desired size
+        // varies by WM, and on Windows, you still have to account for screen scaling. Here
+        // we use 32px, since it seems to work well enough in most cases. Be careful about
+        // going too high, or you'll be bitten by the low-quality downscaling built into the
+        // WM.
+        let icon = load_icon(include_bytes!("data/icon.png"));
 
-        let icon = load_icon(Path::new(path));
-
-        println!("Loading cursor assets");
+        info!("Loading cursor assets");
         let custom_cursors = vec![
             event_loop.create_custom_cursor(decode_cursor(include_bytes!("data/cross.png"))),
             event_loop.create_custom_cursor(decode_cursor(include_bytes!("data/cross2.png"))),
@@ -123,15 +138,43 @@ impl Application {
         #[cfg(any(x11_platform, wayland_platform))]
         if let Some(token) = event_loop.read_token_from_env() {
             startup_notify::reset_activation_token_env();
-            println!("Using token {:?} to activate a window", token);
+            info!("Using token {:?} to activate a window", token);
             window_attributes = window_attributes.with_activation_token(token);
         }
 
+        #[cfg(x11_platform)]
+        match std::env::var("X11_VISUAL_ID") {
+            Ok(visual_id_str) => {
+                info!("Using X11 visual id {visual_id_str}");
+                let visual_id = visual_id_str.parse()?;
+                window_attributes = window_attributes.with_x11_visual(visual_id);
+            },
+            Err(_) => info!("Set the X11_VISUAL_ID env variable to request specific X11 visual"),
+        }
+
+        #[cfg(x11_platform)]
+        match std::env::var("X11_SCREEN_ID") {
+            Ok(screen_id_str) => {
+                info!("Placing the window on X11 screen {screen_id_str}");
+                let screen_id = screen_id_str.parse()?;
+                window_attributes = window_attributes.with_x11_screen(screen_id);
+            },
+            Err(_) => info!(
+                "Set the X11_SCREEN_ID env variable to place the window on non-default screen"
+            ),
+        }
+
         #[cfg(macos_platform)]
         if let Some(tab_id) = _tab_id {
             window_attributes = window_attributes.with_tabbing_identifier(&tab_id);
         }
 
+        #[cfg(web_platform)]
+        {
+            use winit::platform::web::WindowAttributesExtWebSys;
+            window_attributes = window_attributes.with_append(true);
+        }
+
         let window = event_loop.create_window(window_attributes)?;
 
         #[cfg(ios_platform)]
@@ -140,11 +183,12 @@ impl Application {
             window.recognize_doubletap_gesture(true);
             window.recognize_pinch_gesture(true);
             window.recognize_rotation_gesture(true);
+            window.recognize_pan_gesture(true, 2, 2);
         }
 
         let window_state = WindowState::new(self, window)?;
         let window_id = window_state.window.id();
-        println!("Created new window with id={window_id:?}");
+        info!("Created new window with id={window_id:?}");
         self.windows.insert(window_id, window_state);
         Ok(window_id)
     }
@@ -152,23 +196,23 @@ impl Application {
     fn handle_action(&mut self, event_loop: &ActiveEventLoop, window_id: WindowId, action: Action) {
         // let cursor_position = self.cursor_position;
         let window = self.windows.get_mut(&window_id).unwrap();
-        println!("Executing action: {action:?}");
+        info!("Executing action: {action:?}");
         match action {
             Action::CloseWindow => {
                 let _ = self.windows.remove(&window_id);
-            }
+            },
             Action::CreateNewWindow => {
                 #[cfg(any(x11_platform, wayland_platform))]
                 if let Err(err) = window.window.request_activation_token() {
-                    println!("Failed to get activation token: {err}");
+                    info!("Failed to get activation token: {err}");
                 } else {
                     return;
                 }
 
                 if let Err(err) = self.create_window(event_loop, None) {
-                    eprintln!("Error creating new window: {err}");
+                    error!("Error creating new window: {err}");
                 }
-            }
+            },
             Action::ToggleResizeIncrements => window.toggle_resize_increments(),
             Action::ToggleCursorVisibility => window.toggle_cursor_visibility(),
             Action::ToggleResizable => window.toggle_resizable(),
@@ -179,6 +223,12 @@ impl Application {
             Action::Minimize => window.minimize(),
             Action::NextCursor => window.next_cursor(),
             Action::NextCustomCursor => window.next_custom_cursor(&self.custom_cursors),
+            #[cfg(web_platform)]
+            Action::UrlCustomCursor => window.url_custom_cursor(event_loop),
+            #[cfg(web_platform)]
+            Action::AnimationCustomCursor => {
+                window.animation_custom_cursor(event_loop, &self.custom_cursors)
+            },
             Action::CycleCursorGrab => window.cycle_cursor_grab(),
             Action::DragWindow => window.drag_window(),
             Action::DragResizeWindow => window.drag_resize_window(),
@@ -186,18 +236,25 @@ impl Application {
             Action::PrintHelp => self.print_help(),
             #[cfg(macos_platform)]
             Action::CycleOptionAsAlt => window.cycle_option_as_alt(),
+            Action::SetTheme(theme) => {
+                window.window.set_theme(theme);
+                // Get the resulting current theme to draw with
+                let actual_theme = theme.or_else(|| window.window.theme()).unwrap_or(Theme::Dark);
+                window.set_draw_theme(actual_theme);
+            },
             #[cfg(macos_platform)]
             Action::CreateNewTab => {
                 let tab_id = window.window.tabbing_identifier();
                 if let Err(err) = self.create_window(event_loop, Some(tab_id)) {
-                    eprintln!("Error creating new window: {err}");
+                    error!("Error creating new window: {err}");
                 }
-            }
+            },
+            Action::RequestResize => window.swap_dimensions(),
         }
     }
 
     fn dump_monitors(&self, event_loop: &ActiveEventLoop) {
-        println!("Monitors information");
+        info!("Monitors information");
         let primary_monitor = event_loop.primary_monitor();
         for monitor in event_loop.available_monitors() {
             let intro = if primary_monitor.as_ref() == Some(&monitor) {
@@ -207,60 +264,54 @@ impl Application {
             };
 
             if let Some(name) = monitor.name() {
-                println!("{intro}: {name}");
+                info!("{intro}: {name}");
             } else {
-                println!("{intro}: [no name]");
+                info!("{intro}: [no name]");
             }
 
             let PhysicalSize { width, height } = monitor.size();
-            print!("  Current mode: {width}x{height}");
-            if let Some(m_hz) = monitor.refresh_rate_millihertz() {
-                println!(" @ {}.{} Hz", m_hz / 1000, m_hz % 1000);
-            } else {
-                println!();
-            }
+            info!(
+                "  Current mode: {width}x{height}{}",
+                if let Some(m_hz) = monitor.refresh_rate_millihertz() {
+                    format!(" @ {}.{} Hz", m_hz / 1000, m_hz % 1000)
+                } else {
+                    String::new()
+                }
+            );
 
             let PhysicalPosition { x, y } = monitor.position();
-            println!("  Position: {x},{y}");
+            info!("  Position: {x},{y}");
 
-            println!("  Scale factor: {}", monitor.scale_factor());
+            info!("  Scale factor: {}", monitor.scale_factor());
 
-            println!("  Available modes (width x height x bit-depth):");
+            info!("  Available modes (width x height x bit-depth):");
             for mode in monitor.video_modes() {
                 let PhysicalSize { width, height } = mode.size();
                 let bits = mode.bit_depth();
                 let m_hz = mode.refresh_rate_millihertz();
-                println!(
-                    "    {width}x{height}x{bits} @ {}.{} Hz",
-                    m_hz / 1000,
-                    m_hz % 1000
-                );
+                info!("    {width}x{height}x{bits} @ {}.{} Hz", m_hz / 1000, m_hz % 1000);
             }
         }
     }
 
     /// Process the key binding.
     fn process_key_binding(key: &str, mods: &ModifiersState) -> Option<Action> {
-        KEY_BINDINGS.iter().find_map(|binding| {
-            binding
-                .is_triggered_by(&key, mods)
-                .then_some(binding.action)
-        })
+        KEY_BINDINGS
+            .iter()
+            .find_map(|binding| binding.is_triggered_by(&key, mods).then_some(binding.action))
     }
 
     /// Process mouse binding.
     fn process_mouse_binding(button: MouseButton, mods: &ModifiersState) -> Option<Action> {
-        MOUSE_BINDINGS.iter().find_map(|binding| {
-            binding
-                .is_triggered_by(&button, mods)
-                .then_some(binding.action)
-        })
+        MOUSE_BINDINGS
+            .iter()
+            .find_map(|binding| binding.is_triggered_by(&button, mods).then_some(binding.action))
     }
 
     fn print_help(&self) {
-        println!("Keyboard bindings:");
+        info!("Keyboard bindings:");
         for binding in KEY_BINDINGS {
-            println!(
+            info!(
                 "{}{:<10} - {} ({})",
                 modifiers_to_string(binding.mods),
                 binding.trigger,
@@ -268,9 +319,9 @@ impl Application {
                 binding.action.help(),
             );
         }
-        println!("Mouse bindings:");
+        info!("Mouse bindings:");
         for binding in MOUSE_BINDINGS {
-            println!(
+            info!(
                 "{}{:<10} - {} ({})",
                 modifiers_to_string(binding.mods),
                 mouse_button_to_string(binding.trigger),
@@ -283,7 +334,7 @@ impl Application {
 
 impl ApplicationHandler<UserEvent> for Application {
     fn user_event(&mut self, _event_loop: &ActiveEventLoop, event: UserEvent) {
-        println!("User event: {event:?}");
+        info!("User event: {event:?}");
     }
 
     fn window_event(
@@ -300,50 +351,46 @@ impl ApplicationHandler<UserEvent> for Application {
         match event {
             WindowEvent::Resized(size) => {
                 window.resize(size);
-            }
+            },
             WindowEvent::Focused(focused) => {
                 if focused {
-                    println!("Window={window_id:?} fosused");
+                    info!("Window={window_id:?} focused");
                 } else {
-                    println!("Window={window_id:?} unfosused");
-                }
-            }
-            WindowEvent::ScaleFactorChanged { scale_factor, .. } => {
-                println!("Window={window_id:?} changed scale to {scale_factor}");
-            }
-            WindowEvent::ThemeChanged(theme) => {
-                println!("Theme changed to {theme:?}");
-                window.set_theme(theme);
-            }
-            WindowEvent::RedrawRequested => {
-                if let Err(err) = window.draw() {
-                    eprintln!("Error drawing window: {err}");
-                }
-            }
-            WindowEvent::Occluded(occluded) => {
-                window.set_occluded(occluded);
-            }
-            WindowEvent::CloseRequested => {
-                println!("Closing Window={window_id:?}");
-                self.windows.remove(&window_id);
-            }
-            WindowEvent::ModifiersChanged(modifiers) => {
-                window.modifiers = modifiers.state();
-                println!("Modifiers changed to {:?}", window.modifiers);
-            }
-            WindowEvent::MouseWheel { delta, .. } => match delta {
-                MouseScrollDelta::LineDelta(x, y) => {
-                    println!("Mouse wheel Line Delta: ({x},{y})");
-                }
-                MouseScrollDelta::PixelDelta(px) => {
-                    println!("Mouse wheel Pixel Delta: ({},{})", px.x, px.y);
+                    info!("Window={window_id:?} unfocused");
                 }
             },
-            WindowEvent::KeyboardInput {
-                event,
-                is_synthetic: false,
-                ..
-            } => {
+            WindowEvent::ScaleFactorChanged { scale_factor, .. } => {
+                info!("Window={window_id:?} changed scale to {scale_factor}");
+            },
+            WindowEvent::ThemeChanged(theme) => {
+                info!("Theme changed to {theme:?}");
+                window.set_draw_theme(theme);
+            },
+            WindowEvent::RedrawRequested => {
+                if let Err(err) = window.draw() {
+                    error!("Error drawing window: {err}");
+                }
+            },
+            WindowEvent::Occluded(occluded) => {
+                window.set_occluded(occluded);
+            },
+            WindowEvent::CloseRequested => {
+                info!("Closing Window={window_id:?}");
+                self.windows.remove(&window_id);
+            },
+            WindowEvent::ModifiersChanged(modifiers) => {
+                window.modifiers = modifiers.state();
+                info!("Modifiers changed to {:?}", window.modifiers);
+            },
+            WindowEvent::MouseWheel { delta, .. } => match delta {
+                MouseScrollDelta::LineDelta(x, y) => {
+                    info!("Mouse wheel Line Delta: ({x},{y})");
+                },
+                MouseScrollDelta::PixelDelta(px) => {
+                    info!("Mouse wheel Pixel Delta: ({},{})", px.x, px.y);
+                },
+            },
+            WindowEvent::KeyboardInput { event, is_synthetic: false, .. } => {
                 let mods = window.modifiers;
 
                 // Dispatch actions only on press.
@@ -358,65 +405,68 @@ impl ApplicationHandler<UserEvent> for Application {
                         self.handle_action(event_loop, window_id, action);
                     }
                 }
-            }
+            },
             WindowEvent::MouseInput { button, state, .. } => {
                 let mods = window.modifiers;
-                if let Some(action) = state
-                    .is_pressed()
-                    .then(|| Self::process_mouse_binding(button, &mods))
-                    .flatten()
+                if let Some(action) =
+                    state.is_pressed().then(|| Self::process_mouse_binding(button, &mods)).flatten()
                 {
                     self.handle_action(event_loop, window_id, action);
                 }
-            }
+            },
             WindowEvent::CursorLeft { .. } => {
-                println!("Cursor left Window={window_id:?}");
+                info!("Cursor left Window={window_id:?}");
                 window.cursor_left();
-            }
+            },
             WindowEvent::CursorMoved { position, .. } => {
-                println!("Moved cursor to {position:?}");
+                info!("Moved cursor to {position:?}");
                 window.cursor_moved(position);
-            }
+            },
             WindowEvent::ActivationTokenDone { token: _token, .. } => {
                 #[cfg(any(x11_platform, wayland_platform))]
                 {
                     startup_notify::set_activation_token_env(_token);
                     if let Err(err) = self.create_window(event_loop, None) {
-                        eprintln!("Error creating new window: {err}");
+                        error!("Error creating new window: {err}");
                     }
                 }
-            }
+            },
             WindowEvent::Ime(event) => match event {
-                Ime::Enabled => println!("IME enabled for Window={window_id:?}"),
+                Ime::Enabled => info!("IME enabled for Window={window_id:?}"),
                 Ime::Preedit(text, caret_pos) => {
-                    println!("Preedit: {}, with caret at {:?}", text, caret_pos);
-                }
+                    info!("Preedit: {}, with caret at {:?}", text, caret_pos);
+                },
                 Ime::Commit(text) => {
-                    println!("Committed: {}", text);
-                }
-                Ime::Disabled => println!("IME disabled for Window={window_id:?}"),
+                    info!("Committed: {}", text);
+                },
+                Ime::Disabled => info!("IME disabled for Window={window_id:?}"),
             },
             WindowEvent::PinchGesture { delta, .. } => {
                 window.zoom += delta;
                 let zoom = window.zoom;
                 if delta > 0.0 {
-                    println!("Zoomed in {delta:.5} (now: {zoom:.5})");
+                    info!("Zoomed in {delta:.5} (now: {zoom:.5})");
                 } else {
-                    println!("Zoomed out {delta:.5} (now: {zoom:.5})");
+                    info!("Zoomed out {delta:.5} (now: {zoom:.5})");
                 }
-            }
+            },
             WindowEvent::RotationGesture { delta, .. } => {
                 window.rotated += delta;
                 let rotated = window.rotated;
                 if delta > 0.0 {
-                    println!("Rotated counterclockwise {delta:.5} (now: {rotated:.5})");
+                    info!("Rotated counterclockwise {delta:.5} (now: {rotated:.5})");
                 } else {
-                    println!("Rotated clockwise {delta:.5} (now: {rotated:.5})");
+                    info!("Rotated clockwise {delta:.5} (now: {rotated:.5})");
                 }
-            }
+            },
+            WindowEvent::PanGesture { delta, phase, .. } => {
+                window.panned.x += delta.x;
+                window.panned.y += delta.y;
+                info!("Panned ({delta:?})) (now: {:?}), {phase:?}", window.panned);
+            },
             WindowEvent::DoubleTapGesture { .. } => {
-                println!("Smart zoom");
-            }
+                info!("Smart zoom");
+            },
             WindowEvent::TouchpadPressure { .. }
             | WindowEvent::HoveredFileCancelled
             | WindowEvent::KeyboardInput { .. }
@@ -436,23 +486,22 @@ impl ApplicationHandler<UserEvent> for Application {
         device_id: DeviceId,
         event: DeviceEvent,
     ) {
-        println!("Device {device_id:?} event: {event:?}");
+        info!("Device {device_id:?} event: {event:?}");
     }
 
     fn resumed(&mut self, event_loop: &ActiveEventLoop) {
-        println!("Resumed the event loop");
+        info!("Resumed the event loop");
         self.dump_monitors(event_loop);
 
         // Create initial window.
-        self.create_window(event_loop, None)
-            .expect("failed to create initial window");
+        self.create_window(event_loop, None).expect("failed to create initial window");
 
         self.print_help();
     }
 
     fn about_to_wait(&mut self, event_loop: &ActiveEventLoop) {
         if self.windows.is_empty() {
-            println!("No windows left, exiting...");
+            info!("No windows left, exiting...");
             event_loop.exit();
         }
     }
@@ -472,9 +521,9 @@ struct WindowState {
     ///
     /// NOTE: This surface must be dropped before the `Window`.
     #[cfg(not(any(android_platform, ios_platform)))]
-    surface: Surface,
+    surface: Surface<DisplayHandle<'static>, Arc<Window>>,
     /// The actual winit Window.
-    window: Window,
+    window: Arc<Window>,
     /// The window theme we're drawing with.
     theme: Theme,
     /// Cursor position over the window.
@@ -489,6 +538,8 @@ struct WindowState {
     zoom: f64,
     /// The amount of rotation of the window.
     rotated: f32,
+    /// The amount of pan of the window.
+    panned: PhysicalPosition<f32>,
 
     #[cfg(macos_platform)]
     option_as_alt: OptionAsAlt,
@@ -501,13 +552,15 @@ struct WindowState {
 
 impl WindowState {
     fn new(app: &Application, window: Window) -> Result<Self, Box<dyn Error>> {
+        let window = Arc::new(window);
+
         // SAFETY: the surface is dropped before the `window` which provided it with handle, thus
         // it doesn't outlive it.
         #[cfg(not(any(android_platform, ios_platform)))]
-        let surface = unsafe { Surface::new(app.context.as_ref().unwrap(), &window)? };
+        let surface = Surface::new(app.context.as_ref().unwrap(), Arc::clone(&window))?;
 
         let theme = window.theme().unwrap_or(Theme::Dark);
-        println!("Theme: {theme:?}");
+        info!("Theme: {theme:?}");
         let named_idx = 0;
         window.set_cursor(CURSORS[named_idx]);
 
@@ -532,6 +585,7 @@ impl WindowState {
             modifiers: Default::default(),
             occluded: Default::default(),
             rotated: Default::default(),
+            panned: Default::default(),
             zoom: Default::default(),
         };
 
@@ -543,8 +597,7 @@ impl WindowState {
         self.ime = !self.ime;
         self.window.set_ime_allowed(self.ime);
         if let Some(position) = self.ime.then_some(self.cursor_position).flatten() {
-            self.window
-                .set_ime_cursor_area(position, PhysicalSize::new(20, 20));
+            self.window.set_ime_cursor_area(position, PhysicalSize::new(20, 20));
         }
     }
 
@@ -555,8 +608,7 @@ impl WindowState {
     pub fn cursor_moved(&mut self, position: PhysicalPosition<f64>) {
         self.cursor_position = Some(position);
         if self.ime {
-            self.window
-                .set_ime_cursor_area(position, PhysicalSize::new(20, 20));
+            self.window.set_ime_cursor_area(position, PhysicalSize::new(20, 20));
         }
     }
 
@@ -594,7 +646,7 @@ impl WindowState {
             Some(_) => None,
             None => Some(LogicalSize::new(25.0, 25.0)),
         };
-        println!("Had increments: {}", new_increments.is_none());
+        info!("Had increments: {}", new_increments.is_none());
         self.window.set_resize_increments(new_increments);
     }
 
@@ -616,9 +668,9 @@ impl WindowState {
             CursorGrabMode::Confined => CursorGrabMode::Locked,
             CursorGrabMode::Locked => CursorGrabMode::None,
         };
-        println!("Changing cursor grab mode to {:?}", self.cursor_grab);
+        info!("Changing cursor grab mode to {:?}", self.cursor_grab);
         if let Err(err) = self.window.set_cursor_grab(self.cursor_grab) {
-            eprintln!("Error setting cursor grab: {err}");
+            error!("Error setting cursor grab: {err}");
         }
     }
 
@@ -630,16 +682,34 @@ impl WindowState {
             OptionAsAlt::OnlyRight => OptionAsAlt::Both,
             OptionAsAlt::Both => OptionAsAlt::None,
         };
-        println!("Setting option as alt {:?}", self.option_as_alt);
+        info!("Setting option as alt {:?}", self.option_as_alt);
         self.window.set_option_as_alt(self.option_as_alt);
     }
 
+    /// Swap the window dimensions with `request_inner_size`.
+    fn swap_dimensions(&mut self) {
+        let old_inner_size = self.window.inner_size();
+        let mut inner_size = old_inner_size;
+
+        mem::swap(&mut inner_size.width, &mut inner_size.height);
+        info!("Requesting resize from {old_inner_size:?} to {inner_size:?}");
+
+        if let Some(new_inner_size) = self.window.request_inner_size(inner_size) {
+            if old_inner_size == new_inner_size {
+                info!("Inner size change got ignored");
+            } else {
+                self.resize(new_inner_size);
+            }
+        } else {
+            info!("Request inner size is asynchronous");
+        }
+    }
+
     /// Pick the next cursor.
     fn next_cursor(&mut self) {
         self.named_idx = (self.named_idx + 1) % CURSORS.len();
-        println!("Setting cursor to \"{:?}\"", CURSORS[self.named_idx]);
-        self.window
-            .set_cursor(Cursor::Icon(CURSORS[self.named_idx]));
+        info!("Setting cursor to \"{:?}\"", CURSORS[self.named_idx]);
+        self.window.set_cursor(Cursor::Icon(CURSORS[self.named_idx]));
     }
 
     /// Pick the next custom cursor.
@@ -649,24 +719,52 @@ impl WindowState {
         self.window.set_cursor(cursor);
     }
 
+    /// Custom cursor from an URL.
+    #[cfg(web_platform)]
+    fn url_custom_cursor(&mut self, event_loop: &ActiveEventLoop) {
+        let cursor = event_loop.create_custom_cursor(url_custom_cursor());
+
+        self.window.set_cursor(cursor);
+    }
+
+    /// Custom cursor from a URL.
+    #[cfg(web_platform)]
+    fn animation_custom_cursor(
+        &mut self,
+        event_loop: &ActiveEventLoop,
+        custom_cursors: &[CustomCursor],
+    ) {
+        use std::time::Duration;
+        use winit::platform::web::CustomCursorExtWebSys;
+
+        let cursors = vec![
+            custom_cursors[0].clone(),
+            custom_cursors[1].clone(),
+            event_loop.create_custom_cursor(url_custom_cursor()),
+        ];
+        let cursor = CustomCursor::from_animation(Duration::from_secs(3), cursors).unwrap();
+        let cursor = event_loop.create_custom_cursor(cursor);
+
+        self.window.set_cursor(cursor);
+    }
+
     /// Resize the window to the new size.
-    fn resize(&mut self, _size: PhysicalSize<u32>) {
+    fn resize(&mut self, size: PhysicalSize<u32>) {
+        info!("Resized to {size:?}");
         #[cfg(not(any(android_platform, ios_platform)))]
         {
-            let (width, height) =
-                match (NonZeroU32::new(_size.width), NonZeroU32::new(_size.height)) {
-                    (Some(width), Some(height)) => (width, height),
-                    _ => return,
-                };
-            self.surface
-                .resize(width, height)
-                .expect("failed to resize inner buffer");
+            let (width, height) = match (NonZeroU32::new(size.width), NonZeroU32::new(size.height))
+            {
+                (Some(width), Some(height)) => (width, height),
+                _ => return,
+            };
+            self.surface.resize(width, height).expect("failed to resize inner buffer");
         }
         self.window.request_redraw();
     }
 
-    /// Change the theme.
-    fn set_theme(&mut self, theme: Theme) {
+    /// Change the theme that things are drawn in.
+    fn set_draw_theme(&mut self, theme: Theme) {
         self.theme = theme;
         self.window.request_redraw();
     }
@@ -681,9 +779,9 @@ impl WindowState {
     /// Drag the window.
     fn drag_window(&self) {
         if let Err(err) = self.window.drag_window() {
-            println!("Error starting window drag: {err}");
+            info!("Error starting window drag: {err}");
         } else {
-            println!("Dragging window Window={:?}", self.window.id());
+            info!("Dragging window Window={:?}", self.window.id());
         }
     }
 
@@ -692,9 +790,9 @@ impl WindowState {
         let position = match self.cursor_position {
             Some(position) => position,
             None => {
-                println!("Drag-resize requires cursor to be inside the window");
+                info!("Drag-resize requires cursor to be inside the window");
                 return;
-            }
+            },
         };
 
         let win_size = self.window.inner_size();
@@ -731,9 +829,9 @@ impl WindowState {
         };
 
         if let Err(err) = self.window.drag_resize_window(direction) {
-            println!("Error starting window drag-resize: {err}");
+            info!("Error starting window drag-resize: {err}");
         } else {
-            println!("Drag-resizing window Window={:?}", self.window.id());
+            info!("Drag-resizing window Window={:?}", self.window.id());
         }
     }
 
@@ -749,12 +847,12 @@ impl WindowState {
     #[cfg(not(any(android_platform, ios_platform)))]
     fn draw(&mut self) -> Result<(), Box<dyn Error>> {
         if self.occluded {
-            println!("Skipping drawing occluded window={:?}", self.window.id());
+            info!("Skipping drawing occluded window={:?}", self.window.id());
             return Ok(());
         }
 
-        const WHITE: u32 = 0xFFFFFFFF;
-        const DARK_GRAY: u32 = 0xFF181818;
+        const WHITE: u32 = 0xffffffff;
+        const DARK_GRAY: u32 = 0xff181818;
 
         let color = match self.theme {
             Theme::Light => WHITE,
@@ -770,7 +868,7 @@ impl WindowState {
 
     #[cfg(any(android_platform, ios_platform))]
     fn draw(&mut self) -> Result<(), Box<dyn Error>> {
-        println!("Drawing but without rendering...");
+        info!("Drawing but without rendering...");
         Ok(())
     }
 }
@@ -783,11 +881,7 @@ struct Binding<T: Eq> {
 
 impl<T: Eq> Binding<T> {
     const fn new(trigger: T, mods: ModifiersState, action: Action) -> Self {
-        Self {
-            trigger,
-            mods,
-            action,
-        }
+        Self { trigger, mods, action }
     }
 
     fn is_triggered_by(&self, trigger: &T, mods: &ModifiersState) -> bool {
@@ -809,6 +903,10 @@ enum Action {
     Minimize,
     NextCursor,
     NextCustomCursor,
+    #[cfg(web_platform)]
+    UrlCustomCursor,
+    #[cfg(web_platform)]
+    AnimationCustomCursor,
     CycleCursorGrab,
     PrintHelp,
     DragWindow,
@@ -816,8 +914,10 @@ enum Action {
     ShowWindowMenu,
     #[cfg(macos_platform)]
     CycleOptionAsAlt,
+    SetTheme(Option<Theme>),
     #[cfg(macos_platform)]
     CreateNewTab,
+    RequestResize,
 }
 
 impl Action {
@@ -835,6 +935,10 @@ impl Action {
             Action::ToggleResizeIncrements => "Use resize increments when resizing window",
             Action::NextCursor => "Advance the cursor to the next value",
             Action::NextCustomCursor => "Advance custom cursor to the next value",
+            #[cfg(web_platform)]
+            Action::UrlCustomCursor => "Custom cursor from an URL",
+            #[cfg(web_platform)]
+            Action::AnimationCustomCursor => "Custom cursor from an animation",
             Action::CycleCursorGrab => "Cycle through cursor grab mode",
             Action::PrintHelp => "Print help",
             Action::DragWindow => "Start window drag",
@@ -842,8 +946,12 @@ impl Action {
             Action::ShowWindowMenu => "Show window menu",
             #[cfg(macos_platform)]
             Action::CycleOptionAsAlt => "Cycle option as alt mode",
+            Action::SetTheme(None) => "Change to the system theme",
+            Action::SetTheme(Some(Theme::Light)) => "Change to a light theme",
+            Action::SetTheme(Some(Theme::Dark)) => "Change to a dark theme",
             #[cfg(macos_platform)]
             Action::CreateNewTab => "Create new tab",
+            Action::RequestResize => "Request a resize",
         }
     }
 }
@@ -862,11 +970,24 @@ fn decode_cursor(bytes: &[u8]) -> CustomCursorSource {
     CustomCursor::from_rgba(samples.samples, w, h, w / 2, h / 2).unwrap()
 }
 
-fn load_icon(path: &Path) -> Icon {
+#[cfg(web_platform)]
+fn url_custom_cursor() -> CustomCursorSource {
+    use std::sync::atomic::{AtomicU64, Ordering};
+
+    use winit::platform::web::CustomCursorExtWebSys;
+
+    static URL_COUNTER: AtomicU64 = AtomicU64::new(0);
+
+    CustomCursor::from_url(
+        format!("https://picsum.photos/128?random={}", URL_COUNTER.fetch_add(1, Ordering::Relaxed)),
+        64,
+        64,
+    )
+}
+
+fn load_icon(bytes: &[u8]) -> Icon {
     let (icon_rgba, icon_width, icon_height) = {
-        let image = image::open(path)
-            .expect("Failed to open icon path")
-            .into_rgba8();
+        let image = image::load_from_memory(bytes).unwrap().into_rgba8();
         let (width, height) = image.dimensions();
         let rgba = image.into_raw();
         (rgba, width, height)
@@ -950,6 +1071,7 @@ const KEY_BINDINGS: &[Binding<&'static str>] = &[
     Binding::new("L", ModifiersState::CONTROL, Action::CycleCursorGrab),
     Binding::new("P", ModifiersState::CONTROL, Action::ToggleResizeIncrements),
     Binding::new("R", ModifiersState::CONTROL, Action::ToggleResizable),
+    Binding::new("R", ModifiersState::ALT, Action::RequestResize),
     // M.
     Binding::new("M", ModifiersState::CONTROL, Action::ToggleMaximize),
     Binding::new("M", ModifiersState::ALT, Action::Minimize),
@@ -958,7 +1080,23 @@ const KEY_BINDINGS: &[Binding<&'static str>] = &[
     // C.
     Binding::new("C", ModifiersState::CONTROL, Action::NextCursor),
     Binding::new("C", ModifiersState::ALT, Action::NextCustomCursor),
+    #[cfg(web_platform)]
+    Binding::new(
+        "C",
+        ModifiersState::CONTROL.union(ModifiersState::SHIFT),
+        Action::UrlCustomCursor,
+    ),
+    #[cfg(web_platform)]
+    Binding::new(
+        "C",
+        ModifiersState::ALT.union(ModifiersState::SHIFT),
+        Action::AnimationCustomCursor,
+    ),
     Binding::new("Z", ModifiersState::CONTROL, Action::ToggleCursorVisibility),
+    // K.
+    Binding::new("K", ModifiersState::empty(), Action::SetTheme(None)),
+    Binding::new("K", ModifiersState::SUPER, Action::SetTheme(Some(Theme::Light))),
+    Binding::new("K", ModifiersState::CONTROL, Action::SetTheme(Some(Theme::Dark))),
     #[cfg(macos_platform)]
     Binding::new("T", ModifiersState::SUPER, Action::CreateNewTab),
     #[cfg(macos_platform)]
@@ -966,19 +1104,7 @@ const KEY_BINDINGS: &[Binding<&'static str>] = &[
 ];
 
 const MOUSE_BINDINGS: &[Binding<MouseButton>] = &[
-    Binding::new(
-        MouseButton::Left,
-        ModifiersState::ALT,
-        Action::DragResizeWindow,
-    ),
-    Binding::new(
-        MouseButton::Left,
-        ModifiersState::CONTROL,
-        Action::DragWindow,
-    ),
-    Binding::new(
-        MouseButton::Right,
-        ModifiersState::CONTROL,
-        Action::ShowWindowMenu,
-    ),
+    Binding::new(MouseButton::Left, ModifiersState::ALT, Action::DragResizeWindow),
+    Binding::new(MouseButton::Left, ModifiersState::CONTROL, Action::DragWindow),
+    Binding::new(MouseButton::Right, ModifiersState::CONTROL, Action::ShowWindowMenu),
 ];

examples/x11_embed.rs

@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ fn main() -> Result<(), Box<dyn Error>> {
                 WindowEvent::RedrawRequested => {
                     window.pre_present_notify();
                     fill::fill_window(window);
-                }
+                },
                 _ => (),
             }
         }
@@ -58,10 +58,7 @@ fn main() -> Result<(), Box<dyn Error>> {
     tracing_subscriber::fmt::init();
     let event_loop = EventLoop::new()?;
 
-    let mut app = XEmbedDemo {
-        parent_window_id,
-        window: None,
-    };
+    let mut app = XEmbedDemo { parent_window_id, window: None };
     event_loop.run_app(&mut app).map_err(Into::into)
 }
 

it/common-tests/Cargo.toml

@@ -1,12 +0,0 @@
-[package]
-name = "common-tests"
-version = "0.1.0"
-rust-version.workspace = true
-repository.workspace = true
-license.workspace = true
-edition.workspace = true
-
-[dependencies]
-gui-test.workspace = true
-macro_rules_attribute = "0.2.0"
-winit.workspace = true

it/common-tests/src/main.rs

@@ -1,23 +0,0 @@
-//! Run the test.
-
-use gui_test::{test, Harness};
-use macro_rules_attribute::apply;
-
-use winit::event_loop::EventLoop;
-
-#[allow(deprecated)]
-#[apply(test)]
-fn initialize(harness: &mut Harness) {
-    let mut group = harness.group("sanity");
-    group.harness().with_test("startup/shutdown", || {
-        let evl = EventLoop::new().expect("initialization");
-        evl.run(|_event, elwt| {
-            elwt.exit();
-        })
-        .expect("running");
-    });
-}
-
-gui_test::main! {
-    gui_test::remote::handler()
-}

it/gui-test-runner/Cargo.toml

@@ -1,13 +0,0 @@
-[package]
-name = "gui-test-runner"
-version = "0.1.0"
-rust-version.workspace = true
-repository.workspace = true
-license.workspace = true
-edition.workspace = true
-
-[dependencies]
-camino = "1.1.6"
-fastrand = "2.0.1"
-gui-test.workspace = true
-serde_json.workspace = true

it/gui-test-runner/src/command.rs

@@ -1,81 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright 2024 The Winit Contributors
-//
-// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-// You may obtain a copy of the License at
-//
-//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-//
-// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-// limitations under the License.
-
-//! A wrapper around the `Command` type that dumps the command to stderr.
-//!
-//! Essentially it's like `set -x` in Bash.
-
-use std::ffi::{OsStr, OsString};
-use std::io::{self, prelude::*};
-use std::process::Child;
-
-/// Simple `Command` wrapper.
-pub(super) struct Command {
-    /// Actual inner command.
-    inner: std::process::Command,
-
-    /// Command to run.
-    text: Vec<OsString>,
-}
-
-impl Command {
-    /// Create a new `Command`.
-    pub(super) fn new(cmd: impl AsRef<OsStr>) -> Self {
-        let cmd = cmd.as_ref();
-        Self {
-            inner: std::process::Command::new(cmd),
-            text: vec![cmd.to_os_string()],
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Add an argument to the `Command`.
-    pub(super) fn arg(&mut self, arg: impl AsRef<OsStr>) -> &mut Self {
-        let arg = arg.as_ref();
-        self.inner.arg(arg);
-        self.text.push(arg.to_os_string());
-        self
-    }
-
-    /// Add multiple arguments to the `Command`.
-    pub(super) fn args<T: AsRef<OsStr>>(&mut self, args: impl IntoIterator<Item = T>) -> &mut Self {
-        for arg in args {
-            let arg = arg.as_ref();
-            self.inner.arg(arg);
-            self.text.push(arg.to_os_string());
-        }
-
-        self
-    }
-
-    /// Spawn the process.
-    pub(super) fn spawn(&mut self) -> io::Result<Child> {
-        dump_text(&self.text);
-        self.inner.spawn()
-    }
-}
-
-/// Dump `OsString` list to stderr.
-fn dump_text(text: &[OsString]) {
-    let mut cerr = io::stderr().lock();
-    write!(&mut cerr, "+").unwrap();
-
-    for arg in text {
-        match arg.to_str() {
-            Some(arg) => write!(&mut cerr, " {}", arg).unwrap(),
-            None => write!(&mut cerr, " {:?}", arg).unwrap(),
-        }
-    }
-
-    writeln!(&mut cerr).unwrap();
-}

it/gui-test-runner/src/docker/command.rs

@@ -1,91 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright 2024 The Winit Contributors
-//
-// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-// You may obtain a copy of the License at
-//
-//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-//
-// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-// limitations under the License.
-
-//! Run the actual Docker command.
-
-use crate::command::Command;
-
-use camino::Utf8Path;
-
-use std::ffi::OsStr;
-use std::io;
-use std::process::Child;
-
-/// The Docker command line.
-pub(super) struct DockerRun {
-    command: Command,
-}
-
-impl DockerRun {
-    /// Start the command.
-    pub(super) fn new() -> Self {
-        let mut command = Command::new("docker");
-        command.arg("run");
-
-        Self { command }
-    }
-
-    /// Run with an environment variable.
-    pub(super) fn env(&mut self, name: impl AsRef<str>, value: impl AsRef<str>) -> &mut Self {
-        let env_arg = format!("{}={}", name.as_ref(), value.as_ref());
-        self.command.args(["--env", &env_arg]);
-        self
-    }
-
-    /// Run with a simple `init` process.
-    pub(super) fn init(&mut self) -> &mut Self {
-        self.command.arg("--init");
-        self
-    }
-
-    /// Set the working directory.
-    pub(super) fn workdir(&mut self, dir: impl AsRef<OsStr>) -> &mut Self {
-        self.command.arg("--workdir");
-        self.command.arg(dir);
-        self
-    }
-
-    /// Remove the container once it is complete.
-    pub(super) fn rm(&mut self) -> &mut Self {
-        self.command.arg("--rm");
-        self
-    }
-
-    /// Pass a volume into the container.
-    pub(super) fn volume(
-        &mut self,
-        host: impl AsRef<Utf8Path>,
-        container: impl AsRef<Utf8Path>,
-    ) -> &mut Self {
-        let list = format!("{}:{}", host.as_ref(), container.as_ref());
-        self.command.args(["--volume", &list]);
-        self
-    }
-
-    /// Run the container with a command.
-    pub(super) fn run_with_command<T: AsRef<OsStr>>(
-        &mut self,
-        container_name: impl AsRef<str>,
-        container_version: impl AsRef<str>,
-        command: impl IntoIterator<Item = T>,
-    ) -> io::Result<Child> {
-        self.command.arg(format!(
-            "{}:{}",
-            container_name.as_ref(),
-            container_version.as_ref()
-        ));
-        self.command.args(command);
-        self.command.spawn()
-    }
-}

it/gui-test-runner/src/docker/linux.rs

@@ -1,114 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright 2024 The Winit Contributors
-//
-// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-// You may obtain a copy of the License at
-//
-//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-//
-// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-// limitations under the License.
-
-//! Run tests inside of a Linux docker container.
-
-use super::command::DockerRun;
-use crate::stream::StreamReader;
-
-use gui_test::remote::handler;
-use gui_test::TestHandler;
-
-use std::io;
-use std::os::unix::net::UnixListener;
-use std::path::Path;
-use std::thread;
-
-const UBUNTU_DOCKERFILE: &str = "ghcr.io/rust-windowing/testubuntu";
-const LATEST: &str = "latest";
-
-/// Run the provided test in a Linux docker container.
-pub(crate) fn linux_test(test_name: &str) -> io::Result<()> {
-    // Create a Unix socket to listen for events on.
-    let unix_path = format!("/tmp/gui_test_{}.sock", fastrand::u16(..));
-    let listener = UnixListener::bind(&unix_path)?;
-
-    // Spawn the Docker container.
-    let mut container = {
-        let mut docker = DockerRun::new();
-
-        // Usual options.
-        docker.rm().init();
-
-        // Pass through the socket as a volume.
-        docker.volume(&unix_path, &unix_path);
-
-        // Pass through the winit directory.
-        let winit_directory = Path::new(env!("CARGO_MANIFEST_DIR"))
-            .ancestors()
-            .find_map(|path| {
-                let cargo_toml = path.join("Cargo.toml");
-                let contents = std::fs::read(cargo_toml).ok()?;
-
-                if std::str::from_utf8(&contents)
-                    .ok()?
-                    .contains("name = \"winit\"")
-                {
-                    Some(path)
-                } else {
-                    None
-                }
-            })
-            .unwrap();
-        docker.volume(
-            camino::Utf8Path::from_path(winit_directory).unwrap(),
-            "/app/winit/",
-        );
-
-        // Set the working dir to this directory.
-        docker.workdir("/app/winit/");
-
-        // Set GUI_TEST_UNIX_STREAM to the socket.
-        docker.env("GUI_TEST_UNIX_STREAM", &unix_path);
-
-        // Set CARGO_TARGET_DIR to a random other directory.
-        docker.env("CARGO_TARGET_DIR", "/tmp/");
-
-        // The command to run the test.
-        let command = ["xvfb-run", "cargo", "run", "-p", test_name];
-
-        // Spawn the test container.
-        docker.run_with_command(UBUNTU_DOCKERFILE, LATEST, command)?
-    };
-
-    // Run the console listener in another thread.
-    let handle = thread::spawn(move || {
-        // Attach to the listener.
-        let (event_reader, _) = listener.accept().unwrap();
-
-        // Read events and output them as we get them.
-        let input = StreamReader::new(event_reader);
-        let mut output = handler();
-
-        for event in input {
-            let event = event?;
-            output.handle_test(event);
-        }
-
-        io::Result::Ok(())
-    });
-
-    // Wait for the container to finish.
-    if !container.wait()?.success() {
-        return Err(io::Error::new(
-            io::ErrorKind::Other,
-            "docker exited with a failure exit code",
-        ));
-    }
-
-    // Stop the thread.
-    handle.join().unwrap().unwrap();
-
-    Ok(())
-}

it/gui-test-runner/src/docker/mod.rs

@@ -1,20 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright 2024 The Winit Contributors
-//
-// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-// You may obtain a copy of the License at
-//
-//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-//
-// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-// limitations under the License.
-
-//! Dealing with Docker.
-
-mod command;
-
-#[cfg(unix)]
-pub(super) mod linux;

it/gui-test-runner/src/main.rs

@@ -1,69 +0,0 @@
-//! Runner for the `gui-test` system.
-
-mod command;
-mod docker;
-mod stream;
-
-use std::env;
-use std::process::{Command, Stdio};
-
-fn main() {
-    let mut args = env::args();
-
-    // Get the test crate name.
-    let test_crate = args.nth(1).unwrap();
-
-    // Get the target.
-    let target_tag = args.next().unwrap();
-
-    // Split the target into the target and the tag.
-    let (target, tag) = {
-        let mut split = target_tag.splitn(1, ':');
-        let target = split.next().unwrap();
-        let tag = split.next();
-        (target, tag)
-    };
-
-    // Get the current target.
-    let current_target = current_target();
-
-    // If we are building for Linux, run the Linux Docker container.
-    // TODO: Architecture differences.
-    if target.contains("linux") {
-        docker::linux::linux_test(&test_crate).unwrap();
-        return;
-    }
-
-    // For now, we only support building for the current target.
-    assert_eq!(target, current_target);
-    assert!(tag.is_none());
-
-    // Just run the crate.
-    if !Command::new("cargo")
-        .args(["run", "-p", &test_crate])
-        .status()
-        .unwrap()
-        .success()
-    {
-        panic!("test failed");
-    }
-}
-
-/// Get the current target.
-fn current_target() -> String {
-    let output = Command::new("rustc")
-        .arg("-vV")
-        .stdout(Stdio::piped())
-        .output()
-        .unwrap();
-
-    // Look for the line that starts with "host".
-    let stdout = String::from_utf8(output.stdout).unwrap();
-    for line in stdout.lines() {
-        if let Some(host) = line.strip_prefix("host: ") {
-            return host.to_string();
-        }
-    }
-
-    panic!("failed to find host: line in rustc output")
-}

it/gui-test-runner/src/stream.rs

@@ -1,81 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright 2024 The Winit Contributors
-//
-// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-// You may obtain a copy of the License at
-//
-//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-//
-// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-// limitations under the License.
-
-//! Read test events from a stream.
-
-use gui_test::{TestEvent, TestEventType};
-use std::io::{self, Read};
-
-/// Read events from a stream.
-pub(super) struct StreamReader<R> {
-    /// The inner reader.
-    reader: Option<R>,
-
-    /// Reused buffer.
-    buffer: Vec<u8>,
-}
-
-impl<R: Read> StreamReader<R> {
-    /// Create a new stream reader.
-    pub(super) fn new(reader: R) -> Self {
-        Self {
-            reader: Some(reader),
-            buffer: vec![0u8; 1024],
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-macro_rules! leap {
-    ($self:expr, $e:expr) => {{
-        match ($e) {
-            Ok(x) => x,
-            Err(err) => {
-                ($self).reader = None;
-                return Some(Err(err));
-            }
-        }
-    }};
-}
-
-impl<R: Read> Iterator for StreamReader<R> {
-    type Item = io::Result<TestEvent>;
-
-    fn next(&mut self) -> Option<Self::Item> {
-        let reader = self.reader.as_mut()?;
-
-        // Read eight bytes from the reader to get payload length.
-        let mut len_buffer = [0u8; 8];
-        leap!(self, reader.read_exact(&mut len_buffer));
-
-        // Parse that, then read the length's worth of bytes.
-        let length = u64::from_be_bytes(len_buffer);
-        self.buffer.resize(length as usize, 0);
-        leap!(self, reader.read_exact(&mut self.buffer));
-
-        // Parse as a test event.
-        let event: TestEvent = leap!(
-            self,
-            serde_json::from_slice(&self.buffer)
-                .map_err(|err| io::Error::new(io::ErrorKind::Other, err))
-        );
-
-        // If this is complete, stop running.
-        if matches!(event.ty, TestEventType::Complete { .. }) {
-            self.reader = None;
-        }
-
-        // We are okay.
-        Some(Ok(event))
-    }
-}

it/gui-test/Cargo.toml

@@ -1,17 +0,0 @@
-[package]
-name = "gui-test"
-version = "0.1.0"
-rust-version.workspace = true
-repository.workspace = true
-license.workspace = true
-edition.workspace = true
-
-[dependencies]
-async-executor = "1.8.0"
-async-io.workspace = true
-async-lock = "3.3.0"
-async-process = "2.1.0"
-inventory = "0.3.15"
-owo-colors = "4.0.0"
-serde = { workspace = true, features = ["derive"] }
-serde_json.workspace = true

it/gui-test/src/lib.rs

@@ -1,443 +0,0 @@
-//! A testing framework that can be run remotely.
-
-pub mod remote;
-pub mod stream;
-pub mod user;
-
-use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
-
-use std::env;
-use std::ffi::{OsStr, OsString};
-use std::mem;
-use std::num::NonZeroUsize;
-use std::panic;
-
-const GUI_TEST_CURRENT_TEST_NAME: &str = "GUI_TEST_CURRENT_TEST_NAME";
-const GUI_TEST_SUBPROCESS_LIMIT: &str = "GUI_TEST_SUBPROCESS_LIMIT";
-const DEFAULT_LIMIT: usize = 1;
-
-#[doc(hidden)]
-pub use inventory as __inventory;
-
-/// Replacement for the `main` function.
-#[macro_export]
-macro_rules! main {
-    ($handler:expr) => {
-        fn main() {
-            $crate::__entry(|| $handler)
-        }
-    };
-}
-
-/// Set up a test for the test framework.
-#[macro_export]
-macro_rules! test {
-    (
-        $(#[$attr:meta])*
-        fn $name:ident ($hname:ident : $htype:ty) $bl:block
-    ) => {
-        const _: () = {
-            $(#[$attr])*
-            fn $name ($hname: $htype) $bl
-
-            $crate::__inventory::submit! {
-                $crate::__TestStart::__new(
-                    stringify!($name),
-                    $name
-                )
-            }
-        };
-    };
-}
-
-/// Test start.
-#[doc(hidden)]
-pub struct __TestStart {
-    /// The name of the test.
-    name: &'static str,
-
-    /// The function to call.
-    func: fn(&mut Harness),
-}
-
-impl __TestStart {
-    /// Create a new test start.
-    #[doc(hidden)]
-    pub const fn __new(name: &'static str, func: fn(&mut Harness)) -> Self {
-        Self { name, func }
-    }
-}
-
-inventory::collect! {
-    __TestStart
-}
-
-/// A harness for running the tests.
-pub struct Harness {
-    /// Name of the test start.
-    name: String,
-
-    /// The inner test handler.
-    handler: Box<dyn TestHandler + Send + 'static>,
-
-    /// Number of tests that have been run so far.
-    test_count: usize,
-
-    /// Number of tests that have failed so far.
-    test_fails: usize,
-
-    /// Number of tests that have succeeded.
-    test_passed: usize,
-
-    /// Current state of the test harness.
-    state: State,
-}
-
-impl Harness {
-    /// Create a new test harness.
-    fn new<H: TestHandler + Send + 'static>(name: &str, handler: H) -> Self {
-        Self {
-            name: name.to_string(),
-            handler: Box::new(handler),
-            test_count: 0,
-            test_fails: 0,
-            test_passed: 0,
-            state: State::Default,
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Begin a test.
-    pub fn test(&mut self, name: impl Into<String>) -> Testing<'_> {
-        // Make sure we aren't mid test.
-        match mem::replace(&mut self.state, State::Default) {
-            State::InTest { past_groups } => {
-                self.state = State::InTest { past_groups };
-                panic!("tried to start a test while another was underway");
-            }
-
-            State::InGroups(groups) => {
-                self.state = State::InTest {
-                    past_groups: Some(groups),
-                };
-            }
-
-            State::Default => {
-                self.state = State::InTest { past_groups: None };
-            }
-        }
-
-        // Send the "test started" event to the handler.
-        self.send_event(TestEventType::TestStarted { name: name.into() });
-
-        // Return the handle.
-        Testing {
-            harness: Some(self),
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Run a closure as a test.
-    pub fn with_test<T>(&mut self, name: impl Into<String>, f: impl FnOnce() -> T) -> T {
-        let test = self.test(name.into());
-        match panic::catch_unwind(panic::AssertUnwindSafe(f)) {
-            Ok(x) => x,
-
-            Err(err) => {
-                if let Some(panic) = err.downcast_ref::<&'static str>() {
-                    test.fail(panic.to_string());
-                } else if let Some(panic) = err.downcast_ref::<String>() {
-                    test.fail(panic.clone());
-                } else {
-                    test.fail("unintelligible error".to_string());
-                }
-
-                panic::resume_unwind(err)
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Begin a test group.
-    pub fn group(&mut self, name: impl Into<String>) -> Grouping<'_> {
-        // Make sure we can begin a group.
-        match mem::replace(&mut self.state, State::Default) {
-            State::Default => {
-                self.state = State::InGroups(NonZeroUsize::new(1).unwrap());
-            }
-            State::InGroups(groups) => {
-                self.state = State::InGroups(groups.checked_add(1).unwrap());
-            }
-            State::InTest { past_groups } => {
-                self.state = State::InTest { past_groups };
-                panic!("cannot start group mid-test")
-            }
-        }
-
-        // Send the "group started" event to the handler.
-        self.send_event(TestEventType::GroupStarted { name: name.into() });
-
-        // Return the handle.
-        Grouping { harness: self }
-    }
-
-    /// Run a closure inside of a group.
-    pub fn with_group<T>(&mut self, name: impl Into<String>, f: impl FnOnce(&mut Self) -> T) -> T {
-        let mut group = self.group(name.into());
-        f(group.harness())
-    }
-
-    /// End an ongoing test.
-    fn end_test(&mut self, reason: TestResult) {
-        self.test_count += 1;
-        match &reason {
-            TestResult::Passed => self.test_passed += 1,
-            TestResult::Failed(..) => self.test_fails += 1,
-            _ => {}
-        }
-
-        self.send_event(TestEventType::TestEnded { result: reason });
-
-        let count = match mem::replace(&mut self.state, State::Default) {
-            State::InTest { past_groups } => past_groups,
-            _ => unreachable!(),
-        };
-
-        self.state = match count {
-            None => State::Default,
-            Some(count) => State::InGroups(count),
-        };
-    }
-
-    /// End the current group.
-    fn end_group(&mut self) {
-        self.send_event(TestEventType::GroupEnded);
-
-        let count = match mem::replace(&mut self.state, State::Default) {
-            State::InGroups(groups) => groups,
-            _ => unreachable!(),
-        };
-
-        self.state = match NonZeroUsize::new(count.get() - 1) {
-            None => State::Default,
-            Some(groups) => State::InGroups(groups),
-        };
-    }
-
-    /// Send a test event of the provided type.
-    fn send_event(&mut self, ty: TestEventType) {
-        let event = TestEvent {
-            runner: self.name.clone(),
-            ty,
-        };
-
-        self.handler.handle_test(event);
-    }
-}
-
-impl Drop for Harness {
-    fn drop(&mut self) {
-        self.send_event(TestEventType::Complete {
-            total: self.test_count,
-            fail: self.test_fails,
-            pass: self.test_passed,
-        });
-    }
-}
-
-/// An in-progress test.
-pub struct Testing<'a> {
-    harness: Option<&'a mut Harness>,
-}
-
-impl Testing<'_> {
-    /// Skip this test.
-    pub fn skip(mut self) {
-        // Send the "skipped" event.
-        self.harness.take().unwrap().end_test(TestResult::Skipped);
-    }
-
-    /// Fail this test.
-    fn fail(mut self, panic: String) {
-        self.harness
-            .take()
-            .unwrap()
-            .end_test(TestResult::Failed(panic));
-    }
-}
-
-impl Drop for Testing<'_> {
-    fn drop(&mut self) {
-        if let Some(harness) = self.harness.take() {
-            let result = if std::thread::panicking() {
-                TestResult::Failed("thread panicked".into())
-            } else {
-                TestResult::Passed
-            };
-
-            harness.end_test(result);
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-/// We are running a test group.
-pub struct Grouping<'a> {
-    harness: &'a mut Harness,
-}
-
-impl Grouping<'_> {
-    /// Get the underlying test harness.
-    pub fn harness(&mut self) -> &mut Harness {
-        &mut self.harness
-    }
-}
-
-impl Drop for Grouping<'_> {
-    fn drop(&mut self) {
-        self.harness.end_group();
-    }
-}
-
-/// Current testing state.
-enum State {
-    /// We are in the middle of this many groups.
-    InGroups(NonZeroUsize),
-
-    /// We are in the middle of a test.
-    InTest { past_groups: Option<NonZeroUsize> },
-
-    /// We are in the default state.
-    Default,
-}
-
-/// A handler for incoming test events.
-pub trait TestHandler {
-    /// Handle a test.
-    fn handle_test(&mut self, event: TestEvent);
-}
-
-impl<T: TestHandler + ?Sized> TestHandler for Box<T> {
-    fn handle_test(&mut self, event: TestEvent) {
-        (**self).handle_test(event)
-    }
-}
-
-/// An event produced by the test harness.
-#[derive(Debug, Serialize, Deserialize)]
-pub struct TestEvent {
-    /// The name of the runner associated with the event.
-    pub runner: String,
-
-    /// The type of the event.
-    pub ty: TestEventType,
-}
-
-/// The type of the event.
-#[non_exhaustive]
-#[derive(Debug, Serialize, Deserialize)]
-pub enum TestEventType {
-    /// The tests are complete and the harness can be disconnected.
-    Complete {
-        /// Total number of tests.
-        total: usize,
-
-        /// Total number of passing tests.
-        pass: usize,
-
-        /// Total number of failed tests.
-        fail: usize,
-    },
-
-    /// A test has started.
-    TestStarted { name: String },
-
-    /// A test has completed.
-    TestEnded { result: TestResult },
-
-    /// A test group has started.
-    GroupStarted { name: String },
-
-    /// A test group has ended.
-    GroupEnded,
-}
-
-/// The result of a test.
-#[non_exhaustive]
-#[derive(Debug, Serialize, Deserialize)]
-pub enum TestResult {
-    /// The test passed.
-    Passed,
-
-    /// The test failed with the provided error.
-    Failed(String),
-
-    /// The test was skipped.
-    Skipped,
-}
-
-/// Entry point of the test.
-#[doc(hidden)]
-pub fn __entry<H: TestHandler + Send + 'static>(handler: impl FnOnce() -> H) {
-    // Look for the test name environment variable.
-    if let Some(test_name) = env::var(GUI_TEST_CURRENT_TEST_NAME)
-        .ok()
-        .filter(|test_name| !test_name.is_empty())
-    {
-        // Find the provided test.
-        let test_to_run = inventory::iter::<__TestStart>
-            .into_iter()
-            .find(|test| test.name == test_name)
-            .unwrap_or_else(|| panic!("unable to find test '{test_name}'"));
-
-        // Create a harness.
-        let mut harness = Harness::new(test_to_run.name, handler());
-
-        // Run the test.
-        panic::catch_unwind(panic::AssertUnwindSafe(move || {
-            (test_to_run.func)(&mut harness)
-        }))
-        .ok();
-    } else {
-        // Run a subprocess for every test.
-        let limit = env::var(GUI_TEST_SUBPROCESS_LIMIT)
-            .ok()
-            .and_then(|limit| limit.parse::<usize>().ok())
-            .unwrap_or(DEFAULT_LIMIT);
-        let process_name = env::args_os().next().unwrap();
-
-        let sema = async_lock::Semaphore::new(limit);
-        let ex = async_executor::Executor::new();
-
-        async_io::block_on(ex.run(async {
-            let mut tasks = vec![];
-
-            // Set up an environment variable for this.
-            for test in inventory::iter::<__TestStart> {
-                // Acquire a guard.
-                let guard = sema.acquire().await;
-
-                // Spawn a subprocess.
-                let mut process = async_process::Command::new(&process_name)
-                    .envs(env::vars_os().chain(Some({
-                        (path(&GUI_TEST_CURRENT_TEST_NAME), path(&test.name))
-                    })))
-                    .spawn()
-                    .expect("failed to spawn child process");
-
-                // Spawn a task to poll that subprocess.
-                let task = ex.spawn(async move {
-                    let _guard = guard;
-                    process.status().await.unwrap()
-                });
-
-                tasks.push(task);
-            }
-
-            // Finish all of the tasks.
-            for task in tasks {
-                task.await;
-            }
-        }));
-    }
-}
-
-fn path<A: AsRef<OsStr>>(s: &A) -> OsString {
-    s.as_ref().into()
-}

it/gui-test/src/remote.rs

@@ -1,31 +0,0 @@
-//! Create a test handler that can be run remotely.
-
-use crate::stream::WriteHandler;
-use crate::user::UserHandler;
-use crate::TestHandler;
-
-use std::env;
-use std::net::TcpStream;
-
-/// Create a test handler adjusted for the current environment.
-pub fn handler() -> Box<dyn TestHandler + Send + 'static> {
-    // If GUI_TEST_UNIX_STREAM is enabled, use that as a Unix stream.
-    #[cfg(unix)]
-    if let Some(stream_path) = env::var_os("GUI_TEST_UNIX_STREAM").filter(|s| !s.is_empty()) {
-        let stream = std::os::unix::net::UnixStream::connect(stream_path)
-            .expect("unable to connect to gui-test handler");
-        return Box::new(WriteHandler::new(stream));
-    }
-
-    // If GUI_TEST_TCP_STREAM is enabled, use that as a TCP stream.
-    if let Some(tcp_ip) = env::var("GUI_TEST_TCP_STREAM")
-        .ok()
-        .filter(|s| !s.is_empty())
-    {
-        let stream = TcpStream::connect(tcp_ip).unwrap();
-        return Box::new(WriteHandler::new(stream));
-    }
-
-    // By default, use the user handler.
-    Box::new(UserHandler::new())
-}

it/gui-test/src/stream.rs

@@ -1,39 +0,0 @@
-//! Write events to an output stream.
-//!
-//! The format is as follows:
-//! - First 8 bytes: big-endian length of payload.
-//! - Next {len} bytes: JSON payload to deserialize from.
-
-use crate::{TestEvent, TestHandler};
-use std::io::Write;
-
-/// A wrapper around a writer that sends data down a stream.
-#[derive(Debug)]
-pub struct WriteHandler<W: Write> {
-    /// The inner writer.
-    writer: W,
-}
-
-impl<W: Write> WriteHandler<W> {
-    /// Create a new write handler.
-    pub fn new(writer: W) -> Self {
-        Self { writer }
-    }
-}
-
-impl<W: Write> TestHandler for WriteHandler<W> {
-    fn handle_test(&mut self, event: TestEvent) {
-        let payload = serde_json::to_vec(&event).unwrap();
-        let length = u64::to_be_bytes(payload.len() as u64);
-
-        // Write the payload to the stream.
-        self.writer.write_all(&length).unwrap();
-        self.writer.write_all(&payload).unwrap();
-    }
-}
-
-impl<W: Write> Drop for WriteHandler<W> {
-    fn drop(&mut self) {
-        self.writer.flush().ok();
-    }
-}

it/gui-test/src/user.rs

@@ -1,180 +0,0 @@
-//! User-facing reporter.
-
-use crate::{TestEvent, TestEventType, TestHandler, TestResult};
-use owo_colors::OwoColorize;
-
-use std::collections::BTreeMap;
-use std::io::{self, prelude::*};
-
-const TABSIZE: usize = 2;
-
-/// User-facing reporter.
-///
-/// This reporter dumps events to the console in a user-readable format.
-pub struct UserHandler {
-    /// Current indent.
-    indent: usize,
-
-    /// The test set we're currently displaying.
-    current_start: Option<String>,
-
-    /// Test name we are running, if any.
-    test_name: Option<String>,
-
-    /// Cached events.
-    cache: BTreeMap<String, Vec<TestEventType>>,
-
-    /// Failures we had.
-    failures: Vec<(String, String)>,
-}
-
-impl UserHandler {
-    /// Create a new handler.
-    pub fn new() -> Self {
-        Self {
-            indent: 0,
-            current_start: None,
-            test_name: None,
-            cache: BTreeMap::new(),
-            failures: vec![],
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Process the provided events.
-    fn process_events(&mut self, events: impl IntoIterator<Item = TestEvent>) {
-        for event in events {
-            // Tell if this is an end event.
-            let mut ender = matches!(event.ty, TestEventType::Complete { .. });
-
-            // If there is no test name set, run the current one.
-            match self.current_start.as_ref() {
-                None => {
-                    let TestEvent { runner, ty } = event;
-                    self.current_start = Some(runner);
-                    self.dump_events(Some(ty));
-                }
-
-                Some(test_name) => {
-                    // If there is a test name set and it's ours, post it immediately.
-                    if test_name == &event.runner {
-                        self.dump_events(Some(event.ty));
-                    } else {
-                        // Add it to the back of another one of the events.
-                        self.cache
-                            .entry(test_name.clone())
-                            .or_default()
-                            .push(event.ty);
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-
-            // If this is the end, dump other events.
-            while ender {
-                ender = false;
-                assert!(self.current_start.take().is_some());
-
-                // Pick one set.
-                if let Some(entry) = self.cache.first_entry() {
-                    let (test_name, entries) = entry.remove_entry();
-                    self.current_start = Some(test_name);
-
-                    // Dump events and look for a conclusion.
-                    self.dump_events(entries.into_iter().inspect(|ty| {
-                        ender |= matches!(ty, TestEventType::Complete { .. });
-                    }));
-                }
-
-                println!();
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Dump the provided events to the console.
-    fn dump_events(&mut self, events: impl IntoIterator<Item = TestEventType>) {
-        let mut stdout = io::stdout().lock();
-
-        for event in events {
-            // Write the indent.
-            for _ in 0..(self.indent * TABSIZE) {
-                stdout.write_all(b" ").unwrap();
-            }
-
-            match event {
-                TestEventType::GroupStarted { name } => {
-                    assert!(self.test_name.is_none());
-
-                    // Write the group name and bump the indent.
-                    writeln!(stdout, "{}", name.yellow().italic()).unwrap();
-
-                    // Add to the indent.
-                    self.indent += 1;
-                }
-
-                TestEventType::GroupEnded => {
-                    assert!(self.test_name.is_none());
-
-                    // Drop the indent.
-                    self.indent = self.indent.checked_sub(1).unwrap();
-                }
-
-                TestEventType::TestStarted { name } => {
-                    assert!(self.test_name.is_none());
-
-                    // Write the line.
-                    write!(stdout, "{} ", name.white().italic()).unwrap();
-                    self.test_name = Some(name);
-                }
-
-                TestEventType::TestEnded { result } => {
-                    let test_name = self.test_name.take().unwrap();
-
-                    // Write the result.
-                    match result {
-                        TestResult::Passed => {
-                            writeln!(stdout, "{}", "ok".green().bold()).unwrap();
-                        }
-
-                        TestResult::Failed(failure) => {
-                            self.failures.push((test_name, failure));
-                            writeln!(stdout, "{}", "FAIL".red().bold()).unwrap();
-                        }
-
-                        TestResult::Skipped => {
-                            writeln!(stdout, "{}", "skipped".yellow().bold()).unwrap();
-                        }
-                    }
-                }
-
-                _ => {
-                    // Completion.
-                }
-            }
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-impl TestHandler for UserHandler {
-    fn handle_test(&mut self, event: TestEvent) {
-        self.process_events(Some(event));
-    }
-}
-
-impl Drop for UserHandler {
-    fn drop(&mut self) {
-        assert!(self.cache.is_empty());
-
-        // Write the final bit to the stdout.
-        let mut stdout = io::stdout().lock();
-
-        if !self.failures.is_empty() {
-            writeln!(stdout, "Test Failures:").ok();
-
-            for (test_name, panic) in &self.failures {
-                writeln!(stdout, "  {}", test_name).ok();
-                writeln!(stdout, "-------------").ok();
-                writeln!(stdout, "{}", panic).ok();
-                writeln!(stdout, "-------------").ok();
-            }
-        }
-    }
-}

run-wasm/Cargo.toml

@@ -1,11 +0,0 @@
-[package]
-name = "run-wasm"
-version = "0.1.0"
-rust-version.workspace = true
-repository.workspace = true
-license.workspace = true
-edition.workspace = true
-publish = false
-
-[dependencies]
-cargo-run-wasm = "0.2.0"

run-wasm/src/main.rs

@@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
-fn main() {
-    cargo_run_wasm::run_wasm_with_css("body { margin: 0px; }");
-}

rustfmt.toml

@@ -1,3 +1,19 @@
-force_explicit_abi=true
-use_field_init_shorthand=true
-# merge_imports=true
+format_code_in_doc_comments = true
+match_block_trailing_comma = true
+condense_wildcard_suffixes = true
+use_field_init_shorthand = true
+normalize_doc_attributes = true
+overflow_delimited_expr = true
+imports_granularity = "Module"
+use_small_heuristics = "Max"
+format_macro_matchers = true
+error_on_unformatted = true
+format_macro_bodies = true
+hex_literal_case = "Lower"
+normalize_comments = true
+# Some macros break with this.
+reorder_impl_items = false
+newline_style = "Unix"
+format_strings = true
+wrap_comments = true
+comment_width = 100

src/application.rs

@@ -20,8 +20,8 @@ pub trait ApplicationHandler<T: 'static = ()> {
     ///
     /// For consistency, all platforms emit a `Resumed` event even if they don't themselves have a
     /// formal suspend/resume lifecycle. For systems without a formal suspend/resume lifecycle
-    /// the `Resumed` event is always emitted after the [`NewEvents(StartCause::Init)`][StartCause::Init]
-    /// event.
+    /// the `Resumed` event is always emitted after the
+    /// [`NewEvents(StartCause::Init)`][StartCause::Init] event.
     ///
     /// # Portability
     ///
@@ -33,15 +33,16 @@ pub trait ApplicationHandler<T: 'static = ()> {
     /// Considering that the implementation of [`Suspended`] and `Resumed` events may be internally
     /// driven by multiple platform-specific events, and that there may be subtle differences across
     /// platforms with how these internal events are delivered, it's recommended that applications
-    /// be able to gracefully handle redundant (i.e. back-to-back) [`Suspended`] or `Resumed` events.
+    /// be able to gracefully handle redundant (i.e. back-to-back) [`Suspended`] or `Resumed`
+    /// events.
     ///
     /// Also see [`Suspended`] notes.
     ///
     /// ## Android
     ///
     /// On Android, the `Resumed` event is sent when a new [`SurfaceView`] has been created. This is
-    /// expected to closely correlate with the [`onResume`] lifecycle event but there may technically
-    /// be a discrepancy.
+    /// expected to closely correlate with the [`onResume`] lifecycle event but there may
+    /// technically be a discrepancy.
     ///
     /// [`onResume`]: https://developer.android.com/reference/android/app/Activity#onResume()
     ///
@@ -109,7 +110,8 @@ pub trait ApplicationHandler<T: 'static = ()> {
     /// Emitted when the event loop is about to block and wait for new events.
     ///
     /// Most applications shouldn't need to hook into this event since there is no real relationship
-    /// between how often the event loop needs to wake up and the dispatching of any specific events.
+    /// between how often the event loop needs to wake up and the dispatching of any specific
+    /// events.
     ///
     /// High frequency event sources, such as input devices could potentially lead to lots of wake
     /// ups and also lots of corresponding `AboutToWait` events.
@@ -133,7 +135,8 @@ pub trait ApplicationHandler<T: 'static = ()> {
     /// Considering that the implementation of `Suspended` and [`Resumed`] events may be internally
     /// driven by multiple platform-specific events, and that there may be subtle differences across
     /// platforms with how these internal events are delivered, it's recommended that applications
-    /// be able to gracefully handle redundant (i.e. back-to-back) `Suspended` or [`Resumed`] events.
+    /// be able to gracefully handle redundant (i.e. back-to-back) `Suspended` or [`Resumed`]
+    /// events.
     ///
     /// Also see [`Resumed`] notes.
     ///
@@ -150,7 +153,8 @@ pub trait ApplicationHandler<T: 'static = ()> {
     /// created outside of Winit (such as an `EGLSurface`, [`VkSurfaceKHR`] or [`wgpu::Surface`]).
     ///
     /// After being `Suspended` on Android applications must drop all render surfaces before
-    /// the event callback completes, which may be re-created when the application is next [`Resumed`].
+    /// the event callback completes, which may be re-created when the application is next
+    /// [`Resumed`].
     ///
     /// [`SurfaceView`]: https://developer.android.com/reference/android/view/SurfaceView
     /// [Activity lifecycle]: https://developer.android.com/guide/components/activities/activity-lifecycle
@@ -186,7 +190,7 @@ pub trait ApplicationHandler<T: 'static = ()> {
     /// Emitted when the event loop is being shut down.
     ///
     /// This is irreversible - if this method is called, it is guaranteed that the event loop
-    /// will exist right after.
+    /// will exit right after.
     fn exiting(&mut self, event_loop: &ActiveEventLoop) {
         let _ = event_loop;
     }
@@ -197,17 +201,17 @@ pub trait ApplicationHandler<T: 'static = ()> {
     ///
     /// ### Android
     ///
-    /// On Android, the `MemoryWarning` event is sent when [`onLowMemory`] was called. The application
-    /// must [release memory] or risk being killed.
+    /// On Android, the `MemoryWarning` event is sent when [`onLowMemory`] was called. The
+    /// application must [release memory] or risk being killed.
     ///
     /// [`onLowMemory`]: https://developer.android.com/reference/android/app/Application.html#onLowMemory()
     /// [release memory]: https://developer.android.com/topic/performance/memory#release
     ///
     /// ### iOS
     ///
-    /// On iOS, the `MemoryWarning` event is emitted in response to an [`applicationDidReceiveMemoryWarning`]
-    /// callback. The application must free as much memory as possible or risk being terminated, see
-    /// [how to respond to memory warnings].
+    /// On iOS, the `MemoryWarning` event is emitted in response to an
+    /// [`applicationDidReceiveMemoryWarning`] callback. The application must free as much
+    /// memory as possible or risk being terminated, see [how to respond to memory warnings].
     ///
     /// [`applicationDidReceiveMemoryWarning`]: https://developer.apple.com/documentation/uikit/uiapplicationdelegate/1623063-applicationdidreceivememorywarni
     /// [how to respond to memory warnings]: https://developer.apple.com/documentation/uikit/app_and_environment/managing_your_app_s_life_cycle/responding_to_memory_warnings
@@ -219,3 +223,117 @@ pub trait ApplicationHandler<T: 'static = ()> {
         let _ = event_loop;
     }
 }
+
+impl<A: ?Sized + ApplicationHandler<T>, T: 'static> ApplicationHandler<T> for &mut A {
+    #[inline]
+    fn new_events(&mut self, event_loop: &ActiveEventLoop, cause: StartCause) {
+        (**self).new_events(event_loop, cause);
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn resumed(&mut self, event_loop: &ActiveEventLoop) {
+        (**self).resumed(event_loop);
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn user_event(&mut self, event_loop: &ActiveEventLoop, event: T) {
+        (**self).user_event(event_loop, event);
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn window_event(
+        &mut self,
+        event_loop: &ActiveEventLoop,
+        window_id: WindowId,
+        event: WindowEvent,
+    ) {
+        (**self).window_event(event_loop, window_id, event);
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn device_event(
+        &mut self,
+        event_loop: &ActiveEventLoop,
+        device_id: DeviceId,
+        event: DeviceEvent,
+    ) {
+        (**self).device_event(event_loop, device_id, event);
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn about_to_wait(&mut self, event_loop: &ActiveEventLoop) {
+        (**self).about_to_wait(event_loop);
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn suspended(&mut self, event_loop: &ActiveEventLoop) {
+        (**self).suspended(event_loop);
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn exiting(&mut self, event_loop: &ActiveEventLoop) {
+        (**self).exiting(event_loop);
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn memory_warning(&mut self, event_loop: &ActiveEventLoop) {
+        (**self).memory_warning(event_loop);
+    }
+}
+
+impl<A: ?Sized + ApplicationHandler<T>, T: 'static> ApplicationHandler<T> for Box<A> {
+    #[inline]
+    fn new_events(&mut self, event_loop: &ActiveEventLoop, cause: StartCause) {
+        (**self).new_events(event_loop, cause);
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn resumed(&mut self, event_loop: &ActiveEventLoop) {
+        (**self).resumed(event_loop);
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn user_event(&mut self, event_loop: &ActiveEventLoop, event: T) {
+        (**self).user_event(event_loop, event);
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn window_event(
+        &mut self,
+        event_loop: &ActiveEventLoop,
+        window_id: WindowId,
+        event: WindowEvent,
+    ) {
+        (**self).window_event(event_loop, window_id, event);
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn device_event(
+        &mut self,
+        event_loop: &ActiveEventLoop,
+        device_id: DeviceId,
+        event: DeviceEvent,
+    ) {
+        (**self).device_event(event_loop, device_id, event);
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn about_to_wait(&mut self, event_loop: &ActiveEventLoop) {
+        (**self).about_to_wait(event_loop);
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn suspended(&mut self, event_loop: &ActiveEventLoop) {
+        (**self).suspended(event_loop);
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn exiting(&mut self, event_loop: &ActiveEventLoop) {
+        (**self).exiting(event_loop);
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn memory_warning(&mut self, event_loop: &ActiveEventLoop) {
+        (**self).memory_warning(event_loop);
+    }
+}

src/changelog/mod.rs

@@ -2,11 +2,13 @@
 //!
 //! All notable changes to this project will be documented in this module,
 //! along with migration instructions for larger changes.
-//!
 // Put the current entry at the top of this page, for discoverability.
 // See `.cargo/config.toml` for details about `unreleased_changelogs`.
 #![cfg_attr(unreleased_changelogs, doc = include_str!("unreleased.md"))]
-#![cfg_attr(not(unreleased_changelogs), doc = include_str!("v0.29.md"))]
+#![cfg_attr(not(unreleased_changelogs), doc = include_str!("v0.30.md"))]
+
+#[doc = include_str!("v0.30.md")]
+pub mod v0_30 {}
 
 #[doc = include_str!("v0.29.md")]
 pub mod v0_29 {}

src/changelog/unreleased.md

@@ -1,42 +1,41 @@
-## Unreleased
+The format is based on [Keep a Changelog](https://keepachangelog.com/en/1.0.0/).
 
-- Deprecate `EventLoop::run` in favor of `EventLoop::run_app`.
-- Deprecate `EventLoopExtRunOnDemand::run_on_demand` in favor of `EventLoop::run_app_on_demand`.
-- Deprecate `EventLoopExtPumpEvents::pump_events` in favor of `EventLoopExtPumpEvents::pump_app_events`.
-- Add `ApplicationHandler<T>` trait which mimics `Event<T>`.
-- Move `dpi` types to its own crate, and re-export it from the root crate.
-- Implement `Sync` for `EventLoopProxy<T: Send>`.
-- **Breaking:** Move `Window::new` to `ActiveEventLoop::create_window` and `EventLoop::create_window` (with the latter being deprecated).
-- **Breaking:** Rename `EventLoopWindowTarget` to `ActiveEventLoop`.
-- **Breaking:** Remove `Deref` implementation for `EventLoop` that gave `EventLoopWindowTarget`.
-- **Breaking**: Remove `WindowBuilder` in favor of `WindowAttributes`.
-- **Breaking:** Removed unnecessary generic parameter `T` from `EventLoopWindowTarget`.
-- On Windows, macOS, X11, Wayland and Web, implement setting images as cursors. See the `custom_cursors.rs` example.
-  - **Breaking:** Remove `Window::set_cursor_icon`
-  - Add `WindowBuilder::with_cursor` and `Window::set_cursor` which takes a `CursorIcon` or `CustomCursor`
-  - Add `CustomCursor::from_rgba` to allow creating cursor images from RGBA data.
-  - Add `CustomCursorExtWebSys::from_url` to allow loading cursor images from URLs.
-  - Add `CustomCursorExtWebSys::from_animation` to allow creating animated cursors from other `CustomCursor`s.
-  - Add `{Active,}EventLoop::create_custom_cursor` to load custom cursor image sources.
-- On macOS, add services menu.
-- **Breaking:** On Web, remove queuing fullscreen request in absence of transient activation.
-- On Web, fix setting cursor icon overriding cursor visibility.
-- **Breaking:** On Web, return `RawWindowHandle::WebCanvas` instead of `RawWindowHandle::Web`.
-- **Breaking:** On Web, macOS and iOS, return `HandleError::Unavailable` when a window handle is not available.
-- **Breaking:** Bump MSRV from `1.65` to `1.70`.
-- On Web, add the ability to toggle calling `Event.preventDefault()` on `Window`.
-- **Breaking:** Remove `WindowAttributes::fullscreen()` and expose as field directly.
-- **Breaking:** Rename `VideoMode` to `VideoModeHandle` to represent that it doesn't hold static data.
-- **Breaking:** No longer export `platform::x11::XNotSupported`.
-- **Breaking:** Renamed `platform::x11::XWindowType` to `platform::x11::WindowType`.
-- Add the `OwnedDisplayHandle` type for allowing safe display handle usage outside of trivial cases.
-- **Breaking:** Rename `TouchpadMagnify` to `PinchGesture`, `SmartMagnify` to `DoubleTapGesture` and `TouchpadRotate` to `RotationGesture` to represent the action rather than the intent.
-- on iOS, add detection support for `PinchGesture`, `DoubleTapGesture` and `RotationGesture`.
-- on Windows: add `with_system_backdrop`, `with_border_color`, `with_title_background_color`, `with_title_text_color` and `with_corner_preference`
-- On Windows, Remove `WS_CAPTION`, `WS_BORDER` and `WS_EX_WINDOWEDGE` styles for child windows without decorations.
-- **Breaking:** Removed `EventLoopError::AlreadyRunning`, which can't happen as it is already prevented by the type system.
-- Added `EventLoop::builder`, which is intended to replace the (now deprecated) `EventLoopBuilder::new`.
-- **Breaking:** Changed the signature of `EventLoop::with_user_event` to return a builder.
-- **Breaking:** Removed `EventLoopBuilder::with_user_event`, the functionality is now available in `EventLoop::with_user_event`.
-- Add `Window::default_attributes` to get default `WindowAttributes`.
-- `log` has been replaced with `tracing`. The old behavior can be emulated by setting the `log` feature on the `tracing` crate.
+The sections should follow the order `Added`, `Changed`, `Deprecated`,
+`Removed`, and `Fixed`.
+
+Platform specific changed should be added to the end of the section and grouped
+by platform name. Common API additions should have `, implemented` at the end
+for platforms where the API was initially implemented. See the following example
+on how to add them:
+
+```md
+### Added
+
+- Add `Window::turbo()`, implemented on X11, Wayland, and Web.
+- On X11, add `Window::some_rare_api`.
+- On X11, add `Window::even_more_rare_api`.
+- On Wayland, add `Window::common_api`.
+- On Windows, add `Window::some_rare_api`.
+```
+
+When the change requires non-trivial amount of work for users to comply
+with it, the migration guide should be added below the entry, like:
+
+```md
+- Deprecate `Window` creation outside of `EventLoop::run`
+
+  This was done to simply migration in the future. Consider the
+  following code:
+
+  // Code snippet.
+
+  To migrate it we should do X, Y, and then Z, for example:
+
+  // Code snippet.
+
+```
+
+The migration guide could reference other migration examples in the current
+changelog entry.
+
+## Unreleased

src/changelog/v0.20.md

@@ -137,7 +137,7 @@
 
 - On X11, non-resizable windows now have maximize explicitly disabled.
 - On Windows, support paths longer than MAX_PATH (260 characters) in `WindowEvent::DroppedFile`
-and `WindowEvent::HoveredFile`.
+  and `WindowEvent::HoveredFile`.
 - On Mac, implement `DeviceEvent::Button`.
 - Change `Event::Suspended(true / false)` to `Event::Suspended` and `Event::Resumed`.
 - On X11, fix sanity check which checks that a monitor's reported width and height (in millimeters) are non-zero when calculating the DPI factor.

src/changelog/v0.30.md

@@ -0,0 +1,385 @@
+## 0.30.10
+
+### Added
+
+- On Windows, add `IconExtWindows::from_resource_name`.
+- On Windows, add `CursorGrabMode::Locked`.
+- On Wayland, add `WindowExtWayland::xdg_toplevel`.
+
+### Changed
+
+- On macOS, no longer need control of the main `NSApplication` class (which means you can now override it yourself).
+- On iOS, remove custom application delegates. You are now allowed to override the
+  application delegate yourself.
+- On iOS, no longer act as-if the application successfully open all URLs. Override
+  `application:didFinishLaunchingWithOptions:` and provide the desired behaviour yourself.
+
+### Fixed
+
+- On Windows, fixed ~500 ms pause when clicking the title bar during continuous redraw.
+- On macOS, `WindowExtMacOS::set_simple_fullscreen` now honors `WindowExtMacOS::set_borderless_game`
+- On X11 and Wayland, fixed pump_events with `Some(Duration::Zero)` blocking with `Wait` polling mode
+- On Wayland, fixed a crash when consequently calling `set_cursor_grab` without pointer focus.
+- On Wayland, ensure that external event loop is woken-up when using pump_events and integrating via `FD`.
+- On Wayland, apply fractional scaling to custom cursors.
+- On macOS, fixed `run_app_on_demand` returning without closing open windows.
+- On macOS, fixed `VideoMode::refresh_rate_millihertz` for fractional refresh rates.
+- On macOS, store monitor handle to avoid panics after going in/out of sleep.
+- On macOS, allow certain invalid monitor handles and return `None` instead of panicking.
+- On Windows, fixed `Ime::Preedit` cursor offset calculation.
+
+## 0.30.9
+
+### Changed
+
+- On Wayland, no longer send an explicit clearing `Ime::Preedit` just prior to a new `Ime::Preedit`.
+
+### Fixed
+
+- On X11, fix crash with uim.
+- On X11, fix modifiers for keys that were sent by the same X11 request.
+- On iOS, fix high CPU usage even when using `ControlFlow::Wait`.
+
+## 0.30.8
+
+### Added
+
+- `ActivationToken::from_raw` and `ActivationToken::into_raw`.
+- On X11, add a workaround for disabling IME on GNOME.
+
+### Fixed
+
+- On Windows, fixed the event loop not waking on accessibility requests.
+- On X11, fixed cursor grab mode state tracking on error.
+
+## 0.30.7
+
+### Fixed
+
+- On X11, fixed KeyboardInput delivered twice when IME enabled.
+
+## 0.30.6
+
+### Added
+
+- On macOS, add `WindowExtMacOS::set_borderless_game` and `WindowAttributesExtMacOS::with_borderless_game`
+  to fully disable the menu bar and dock in Borderless Fullscreen as commonly done in games.
+- On X11, the `window` example now understands the `X11_VISUAL_ID` and `X11_SCREEN_ID` env
+  variables to test the respective modifiers of window creation.
+- On Android, the soft keyboard can now be shown using `Window::set_ime_allowed`.
+- Add basic iOS IME support. The soft keyboard can now be shown using `Window::set_ime_allowed`.
+
+### Fixed
+
+- On macOS, fix `WindowEvent::Moved` sometimes being triggered unnecessarily on resize.
+- On macOS, package manifest definitions of `LSUIElement` will no longer be overridden with the
+  default activation policy, unless explicitly provided during initialization.
+- On macOS, fix crash when calling `drag_window()` without a left click present.
+- On X11, key events forward to IME anyway, even when it's disabled.
+- On Windows, make `ControlFlow::WaitUntil` work more precisely using `CREATE_WAITABLE_TIMER_HIGH_RESOLUTION`.
+- On X11, creating windows on screen that is not the first one (e.g. `DISPLAY=:0.1`) works again.
+- On X11, creating windows while passing `with_x11_screen(non_default_screen)` works again.
+- On X11, fix XInput handling that prevented a new window from getting the focus in some cases.
+- On macOS, fix crash when pressing Caps Lock in certain configurations.
+- On iOS, fixed `MonitorHandle`'s `PartialEq` and `Hash` implementations.
+- On macOS, fixed undocumented cursors (e.g. zoom, resize, help) always appearing to be invalid and falling back to the default cursor.
+
+## 0.30.5
+
+### Added
+
+- Add `ActiveEventLoop::system_theme()`, returning the current system theme.
+- On Web, implement `Error` for `platform::web::CustomCursorError`.
+- On Android, add `{Active,}EventLoopExtAndroid::android_app()` to access the app used to create the loop.
+
+### Fixed
+
+- On MacOS, fix building with `feature = "rwh_04"`.
+- On Web, pen events are now routed through to `WindowEvent::Cursor*`.
+- On macOS, fix panic when releasing not available monitor.
+- On MacOS, return the system theme in `Window::theme()` if no theme override is set.
+
+## 0.30.4
+
+### Changed
+
+- `DeviceId::dummy()` and `WindowId::dummy()` are no longer marked `unsafe`.
+
+### Fixed
+
+- On Wayland, avoid crashing when compositor is misbehaving.
+- On Web, fix `WindowEvent::Resized` not using `requestAnimationFrame` when sending
+  `WindowEvent::RedrawRequested` and also potentially causing `WindowEvent::RedrawRequested`
+  to not be de-duplicated.
+- Account for different browser engine implementations of pointer movement coordinate space.
+
+## 0.30.3
+
+### Added
+
+- On Web, add `EventLoopExtWebSys::(set_)poll_strategy()` to allow setting
+  control flow strategies before starting the event loop.
+- On Web, add `WaitUntilStrategy`, which allows to set different strategies for
+  `ControlFlow::WaitUntil`. By default the Prioritized Task Scheduling API is
+  used, with a fallback to `setTimeout()` with a trick to circumvent throttling
+  to 4ms. But an option to use a Web worker to schedule the timer is available
+  as well, which commonly prevents any throttling when the window is not focused.
+
+### Changed
+
+- On macOS, set the window theme on the `NSWindow` instead of application-wide.
+
+### Fixed
+
+- On X11, build on arm platforms.
+- On macOS, fixed `WindowBuilder::with_theme` not having any effect on the window.
+
+## 0.30.2
+
+### Fixed
+
+- On Web, fix `EventLoopProxy::send_event()` triggering event loop immediately
+  when not called from inside the event loop. Now queues a microtask instead.
+- On Web, stop overwriting default cursor with `CursorIcon::Default`.
+- On Web, prevent crash when using `InnerSizeWriter::request_inner_size()`.
+- On macOS, fix not working opacity for entire window.
+
+## 0.30.1
+
+### Added
+
+- Reexport `raw-window-handle` versions 0.4 and 0.5 as `raw_window_handle_04` and `raw_window_handle_05`.
+- Implement `ApplicationHandler` for `&mut` references and heap allocations to something that implements `ApplicationHandler`.
+
+### Fixed
+
+- On macOS, fix panic on exit when dropping windows outside the event loop.
+- On macOS, fix window dragging glitches when dragging across a monitor boundary with different scale factor.
+- On macOS, fix the range in `Ime::Preedit`.
+- On macOS, use the system's internal mechanisms for queuing events.
+- On macOS, handle events directly instead of queuing when possible.
+
+## 0.30.0
+
+### Added
+
+- Add `OwnedDisplayHandle` type for allowing safe display handle usage outside of
+  trivial cases.
+- Add `ApplicationHandler<T>` trait which mimics `Event<T>`.
+- Add `WindowBuilder::with_cursor` and `Window::set_cursor` which takes a
+  `CursorIcon` or `CustomCursor`.
+- Add `Sync` implementation for `EventLoopProxy<T: Send>`.
+- Add `Window::default_attributes` to get default `WindowAttributes`.
+- Add `EventLoop::builder` to get `EventLoopBuilder` without export.
+- Add `CustomCursor::from_rgba` to allow creating cursor images from RGBA data.
+- Add `CustomCursorExtWebSys::from_url` to allow loading cursor images from URLs.
+- Add `CustomCursorExtWebSys::from_animation` to allow creating animated
+  cursors from other `CustomCursor`s.
+- Add `{Active,}EventLoop::create_custom_cursor` to load custom cursor image sources.
+- Add `ActiveEventLoop::create_window` and `EventLoop::create_window`.
+- Add `CustomCursor` which could be set via `Window::set_cursor`, implemented on
+  Windows, macOS, X11, Wayland, and Web.
+- On Web, add to toggle calling `Event.preventDefault()` on `Window`.
+- On iOS, add `PinchGesture`, `DoubleTapGesture`, `PanGesture` and `RotationGesture`.
+- on iOS, use `UIGestureRecognizerDelegate` for fine grained control of gesture recognizers.
+- On macOS, add services menu.
+- On Windows, add `with_title_text_color`, and `with_corner_preference` on
+  `WindowAttributesExtWindows`.
+- On Windows, implement resize increments.
+- On Windows, add `AnyThread` API to access window handle off the main thread.
+
+### Changed
+
+- Bump MSRV from `1.65` to `1.70`.
+- On Wayland, bump `sctk-adwaita` to `0.9.0`, which changed system library
+  crates. This change is a **cascading breaking change**, you must do breaking
+  change as well, even if you don't expose winit.
+- Rename `TouchpadMagnify` to `PinchGesture`.
+- Rename `SmartMagnify` to `DoubleTapGesture`.
+- Rename `TouchpadRotate` to `RotationGesture`.
+- Rename `EventLoopWindowTarget` to `ActiveEventLoop`.
+- Rename `platform::x11::XWindowType` to `platform::x11::WindowType`.
+- Rename `VideoMode` to `VideoModeHandle` to represent that it doesn't hold
+  static data.
+- Make `Debug` formatting of `WindowId` more concise.
+- Move `dpi` types to its own crate, and re-export it from the root crate.
+- Replace `log` with `tracing`, use `log` feature on `tracing` to restore old
+  behavior.
+- `EventLoop::with_user_event` now returns `EventLoopBuilder`.
+- On Web, return `HandleError::Unavailable` when a window handle is not available.
+- On Web, return `RawWindowHandle::WebCanvas` instead of `RawWindowHandle::Web`.
+- On Web, remove queuing fullscreen request in absence of transient activation.
+- On iOS, return `HandleError::Unavailable` when a window handle is not available.
+- On macOS, return `HandleError::Unavailable` when a window handle is not available.
+- On Windows, remove `WS_CAPTION`, `WS_BORDER`, and `WS_EX_WINDOWEDGE` styles
+  for child windows without decorations.
+- On Android, bump `ndk` to `0.9.0` and `android-activity` to `0.6.0`,
+  and remove unused direct dependency on `ndk-sys`.
+
+### Deprecated
+
+- Deprecate `EventLoop::run`, use `EventLoop::run_app`.
+- Deprecate `EventLoopExtRunOnDemand::run_on_demand`, use `EventLoop::run_app_on_demand`.
+- Deprecate `EventLoopExtPumpEvents::pump_events`, use `EventLoopExtPumpEvents::pump_app_events`.
+
+  The new `app` APIs accept a newly added `ApplicationHandler<T>` instead of
+  `Fn`. The semantics are mostly the same, given that the capture list of the
+  closure is your new `State`. Consider the following code:
+
+  ```rust,no_run
+  use winit::event::Event;
+  use winit::event_loop::EventLoop;
+  use winit::window::Window;
+
+  struct MyUserEvent;
+
+  let event_loop = EventLoop::<MyUserEvent>::with_user_event().build().unwrap();
+  let window = event_loop.create_window(Window::default_attributes()).unwrap();
+  let mut counter = 0;
+
+  let _ = event_loop.run(move |event, event_loop| {
+      match event {
+          Event::AboutToWait => {
+              window.request_redraw();
+              counter += 1;
+          }
+          Event::WindowEvent { window_id, event } => {
+              // Handle window event.
+          }
+          Event::UserEvent(event) => {
+              // Handle user event.
+          }
+          Event::DeviceEvent { device_id, event } => {
+              // Handle device event.
+          }
+          _ => (),
+      }
+  });
+  ```
+
+  To migrate this code, you should move all the captured values into some
+  newtype `State` and implement `ApplicationHandler` for this type. Finally,
+  we move particular `match event` arms into methods on `ApplicationHandler`,
+  for example:
+
+  ```rust,no_run
+  use winit::application::ApplicationHandler;
+  use winit::event::{Event, WindowEvent, DeviceEvent, DeviceId};
+  use winit::event_loop::{EventLoop, ActiveEventLoop};
+  use winit::window::{Window, WindowId};
+
+  struct MyUserEvent;
+
+  struct State {
+      window: Window,
+      counter: i32,
+  }
+
+  impl ApplicationHandler<MyUserEvent> for State {
+      fn user_event(&mut self, event_loop: &ActiveEventLoop, user_event: MyUserEvent) {
+          // Handle user event.
+      }
+
+      fn resumed(&mut self, event_loop: &ActiveEventLoop) {
+          // Your application got resumed.
+      }
+
+      fn window_event(&mut self, event_loop: &ActiveEventLoop, window_id: WindowId, event: WindowEvent) {
+          // Handle window event.
+      }
+
+      fn device_event(&mut self, event_loop: &ActiveEventLoop, device_id: DeviceId, event: DeviceEvent) {
+          // Handle device event.
+      }
+
+      fn about_to_wait(&mut self, event_loop: &ActiveEventLoop) {
+          self.window.request_redraw();
+          self.counter += 1;
+      }
+  }
+
+  let event_loop = EventLoop::<MyUserEvent>::with_user_event().build().unwrap();
+  #[allow(deprecated)]
+  let window = event_loop.create_window(Window::default_attributes()).unwrap();
+  let mut state = State { window, counter: 0 };
+
+  let _ = event_loop.run_app(&mut state);
+  ```
+
+  Please submit your feedback after migrating in [this issue](https://github.com/rust-windowing/winit/issues/3626).
+
+- Deprecate `Window::set_cursor_icon`, use `Window::set_cursor`.
+
+### Removed
+
+- Remove `Window::new`, use `ActiveEventLoop::create_window` instead.
+
+  You now have to create your windows inside the actively running event loop
+  (usually the `new_events(cause: StartCause::Init)` or `resumed()` events),
+  and can no longer do it before the application has properly launched.
+  This change is done to fix many long-standing issues on iOS and macOS, and
+  will improve things on Wayland once fully implemented.
+
+  To ease migration, we provide the deprecated `EventLoop::create_window` that
+  will allow you to bypass this restriction in this release.
+
+  Using the migration example from above, you can change your code as follows:
+
+  ```rust,no_run
+  use winit::application::ApplicationHandler;
+  use winit::event::{Event, WindowEvent, DeviceEvent, DeviceId};
+  use winit::event_loop::{EventLoop, ActiveEventLoop};
+  use winit::window::{Window, WindowId};
+
+  #[derive(Default)]
+  struct State {
+      // Use an `Option` to allow the window to not be available until the
+      // application is properly running.
+      window: Option<Window>,
+      counter: i32,
+  }
+
+  impl ApplicationHandler for State {
+      // This is a common indicator that you can create a window.
+      fn resumed(&mut self, event_loop: &ActiveEventLoop) {
+          self.window = Some(event_loop.create_window(Window::default_attributes()).unwrap());
+      }
+      fn window_event(&mut self, event_loop: &ActiveEventLoop, window_id: WindowId, event: WindowEvent) {
+          // `unwrap` is fine, the window will always be available when
+          // receiving a window event.
+          let window = self.window.as_ref().unwrap();
+          // Handle window event.
+      }
+      fn device_event(&mut self, event_loop: &ActiveEventLoop, device_id: DeviceId, event: DeviceEvent) {
+          // Handle window event.
+      }
+      fn about_to_wait(&mut self, event_loop: &ActiveEventLoop) {
+          if let Some(window) = self.window.as_ref() {
+              window.request_redraw();
+              self.counter += 1;
+          }
+      }
+  }
+
+  let event_loop = EventLoop::new().unwrap();
+  let mut state = State::default();
+  let _ = event_loop.run_app(&mut state);
+  ```
+
+- Remove `Deref` implementation for `EventLoop` that gave `EventLoopWindowTarget`.
+- Remove `WindowBuilder` in favor of `WindowAttributes`.
+- Remove Generic parameter `T` from `ActiveEventLoop`.
+- Remove `EventLoopBuilder::with_user_event`, use `EventLoop::with_user_event`.
+- Remove Redundant `EventLoopError::AlreadyRunning`.
+- Remove `WindowAttributes::fullscreen` and expose as field directly.
+- On X11, remove `platform::x11::XNotSupported` export.
+
+### Fixed
+
+- On Web, fix setting cursor icon overriding cursor visibility.
+- On Windows, fix cursor not confined to center of window when grabbed and hidden.
+- On macOS, fix sequence of mouse events being out of order when dragging on the trackpad.
+- On Wayland, fix decoration glitch on close with some compositors.
+- On Android, fix a regression introduced in #2748 to allow volume key events to be received again.
+- On Windows, don't return a valid window handle outside of the GUI thread.
+- On macOS, don't set the background color when initializing a window with transparency.

src/changelog/v0.9.md

@@ -3,20 +3,20 @@
 - Added event `WindowEvent::HiDPIFactorChanged`.
 - Added method `MonitorId::get_hidpi_factor`.
 - Deprecated `get_inner_size_pixels` and `get_inner_size_points` methods of `Window` in favor of
-`get_inner_size`.
+  `get_inner_size`.
 - **Breaking:** `EventsLoop` is `!Send` and `!Sync` because of platform-dependant constraints,
   but `Window`, `WindowId`, `DeviceId` and `MonitorId` guaranteed to be `Send`.
 - `MonitorId::get_position` now returns `(i32, i32)` instead of `(u32, u32)`.
 - Rewrite of the wayland backend to use wayland-client-0.11
 - Support for dead keys on wayland for keyboard utf8 input
 - Monitor enumeration on Windows is now implemented using `EnumDisplayMonitors` instead of
-`EnumDisplayDevices`. This changes the value returned by `MonitorId::get_name()`.
+  `EnumDisplayDevices`. This changes the value returned by `MonitorId::get_name()`.
 - On Windows added `MonitorIdExt::hmonitor` method
 - Impl `Clone` for `EventsLoopProxy`
 - `EventsLoop::get_primary_monitor()` on X11 will fallback to any available monitor if no primary is found
 - Support for touch event on wayland
 - `WindowEvent`s `MouseMoved`, `MouseEntered`, and `MouseLeft` have been renamed to
-`CursorMoved`, `CursorEntered`, and `CursorLeft`.
+  `CursorMoved`, `CursorEntered`, and `CursorLeft`.
 - New `DeviceEvent`s added, `MouseMotion` and `MouseWheel`.
 - Send `CursorMoved` event after `CursorEntered` and `Focused` events.
 - Add support for `ModifiersState`, `MouseMove`, `MouseInput`, `MouseMotion` for emscripten backend.

src/cursor.rs

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 use core::fmt;
-use std::hash::Hasher;
+use std::error::Error;
+use std::hash::{Hash, Hasher};
 use std::sync::Arc;
-use std::{error::Error, hash::Hash};
 
 use cursor_icon::CursorIcon;
 
@@ -88,14 +88,9 @@ impl CustomCursor {
         hotspot_x: u16,
         hotspot_y: u16,
     ) -> Result<CustomCursorSource, BadImage> {
-        let _span = tracing::debug_span!(
-            "winit::Cursor::from_rgba",
-            width,
-            height,
-            hotspot_x,
-            hotspot_y
-        )
-        .entered();
+        let _span =
+            tracing::debug_span!("winit::Cursor::from_rgba", width, height, hotspot_x, hotspot_y)
+                .entered();
 
         Ok(CustomCursorSource {
             inner: PlatformCustomCursorSource::from_rgba(
@@ -129,45 +124,36 @@ pub enum BadImage {
     ByteCountNotDivisibleBy4 { byte_count: usize },
     /// Produced when the number of pixels (`rgba.len() / 4`) isn't equal to `width * height`.
     /// At least one of your arguments is incorrect.
-    DimensionsVsPixelCount {
-        width: u16,
-        height: u16,
-        width_x_height: u64,
-        pixel_count: u64,
-    },
+    DimensionsVsPixelCount { width: u16, height: u16, width_x_height: u64, pixel_count: u64 },
     /// Produced when the hotspot is outside the image bounds
-    HotspotOutOfBounds {
-        width: u16,
-        height: u16,
-        hotspot_x: u16,
-        hotspot_y: u16,
-    },
+    HotspotOutOfBounds { width: u16, height: u16, hotspot_x: u16, hotspot_y: u16 },
 }
 
 impl fmt::Display for BadImage {
     fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
         match self {
-            BadImage::TooLarge { width, height } => write!(f,
-                "The specified dimensions ({width:?}x{height:?}) are too large. The maximum is {MAX_CURSOR_SIZE:?}x{MAX_CURSOR_SIZE:?}.",
+            BadImage::TooLarge { width, height } => write!(
+                f,
+                "The specified dimensions ({width:?}x{height:?}) are too large. The maximum is \
+                 {MAX_CURSOR_SIZE:?}x{MAX_CURSOR_SIZE:?}.",
             ),
-            BadImage::ByteCountNotDivisibleBy4 { byte_count } => write!(f,
-                "The length of the `rgba` argument ({byte_count:?}) isn't divisible by 4, making it impossible to interpret as 32bpp RGBA pixels.",
+            BadImage::ByteCountNotDivisibleBy4 { byte_count } => write!(
+                f,
+                "The length of the `rgba` argument ({byte_count:?}) isn't divisible by 4, making \
+                 it impossible to interpret as 32bpp RGBA pixels.",
             ),
-            BadImage::DimensionsVsPixelCount {
-                width,
-                height,
-                width_x_height,
-                pixel_count,
-            } => write!(f,
-                "The specified dimensions ({width:?}x{height:?}) don't match the number of pixels supplied by the `rgba` argument ({pixel_count:?}). For those dimensions, the expected pixel count is {width_x_height:?}.",
-            ),
-            BadImage::HotspotOutOfBounds {
-                width,
-                height,
-                hotspot_x,
-                hotspot_y,
-            } => write!(f,
-                "The specified hotspot ({hotspot_x:?}, {hotspot_y:?}) is outside the image bounds ({width:?}x{height:?}).",
+            BadImage::DimensionsVsPixelCount { width, height, width_x_height, pixel_count } => {
+                write!(
+                    f,
+                    "The specified dimensions ({width:?}x{height:?}) don't match the number of \
+                     pixels supplied by the `rgba` argument ({pixel_count:?}). For those \
+                     dimensions, the expected pixel count is {width_x_height:?}.",
+                )
+            },
+            BadImage::HotspotOutOfBounds { width, height, hotspot_x, hotspot_y } => write!(
+                f,
+                "The specified hotspot ({hotspot_x:?}, {hotspot_y:?}) is outside the image bounds \
+                 ({width:?}x{height:?}).",
             ),
         }
     }
@@ -236,9 +222,7 @@ impl CursorImage {
         }
 
         if rgba.len() % PIXEL_SIZE != 0 {
-            return Err(BadImage::ByteCountNotDivisibleBy4 {
-                byte_count: rgba.len(),
-            });
+            return Err(BadImage::ByteCountNotDivisibleBy4 { byte_count: rgba.len() });
         }
 
         let pixel_count = (rgba.len() / PIXEL_SIZE) as u64;
@@ -253,21 +237,10 @@ impl CursorImage {
         }
 
         if hotspot_x >= width || hotspot_y >= height {
-            return Err(BadImage::HotspotOutOfBounds {
-                width,
-                height,
-                hotspot_x,
-                hotspot_y,
-            });
+            return Err(BadImage::HotspotOutOfBounds { width, height, hotspot_x, hotspot_y });
         }
 
-        Ok(CursorImage {
-            rgba,
-            width,
-            height,
-            hotspot_x,
-            hotspot_y,
-        })
+        Ok(CursorImage { rgba, width, height, hotspot_x, hotspot_y })
     }
 }
 

src/error.rs

@@ -71,10 +71,7 @@ macro_rules! os_error {
 
 impl fmt::Display for OsError {
     fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> Result<(), fmt::Error> {
-        f.pad(&format!(
-            "os error at {}:{}: {}",
-            self.file, self.line, self.error
-        ))
+        f.pad(&format!("os error at {}:{}: {}", self.file, self.line, self.error))
     }
 }
 
@@ -117,19 +114,14 @@ impl error::Error for NotSupportedError {}
 impl error::Error for EventLoopError {}
 
 #[cfg(test)]
+#[allow(clippy::redundant_clone)]
 mod tests {
-    #![allow(clippy::redundant_clone)]
-
     use super::*;
 
     // Eat attributes for testing
     #[test]
     fn ensure_fmt_does_not_panic() {
-        let _ = format!(
-            "{:?}, {}",
-            NotSupportedError::new(),
-            NotSupportedError::new().clone()
-        );
+        let _ = format!("{:?}, {}", NotSupportedError::new(), NotSupportedError::new().clone());
         let _ = format!(
             "{:?}, {}",
             ExternalError::NotSupported(NotSupportedError::new()),

src/event.rs

@@ -1,7 +1,8 @@
 //! The [`Event`] enum and assorted supporting types.
 //!
 //! These are sent to the closure given to [`EventLoop::run_app(...)`], where they get
-//! processed and used to modify the program state. For more details, see the root-level documentation.
+//! processed and used to modify the program state. For more details, see the root-level
+//! documentation.
 //!
 //! Some of these events represent different "parts" of a traditional event-handling loop. You could
 //! approximate the basic ordering loop of [`EventLoop::run_app(...)`] like this:
@@ -44,16 +45,14 @@ use smol_str::SmolStr;
 #[cfg(web_platform)]
 use web_time::Instant;
 
+use crate::dpi::{PhysicalPosition, PhysicalSize};
 use crate::error::ExternalError;
+use crate::event_loop::AsyncRequestSerial;
+use crate::keyboard::{self, ModifiersKeyState, ModifiersKeys, ModifiersState};
+use crate::platform_impl;
 #[cfg(doc)]
 use crate::window::Window;
-use crate::{
-    dpi::{PhysicalPosition, PhysicalSize},
-    event_loop::AsyncRequestSerial,
-    keyboard::{self, ModifiersKeyState, ModifiersKeys, ModifiersState},
-    platform_impl,
-    window::{ActivationToken, Theme, WindowId},
-};
+use crate::window::{ActivationToken, Theme, WindowId};
 
 /// Describes a generic event.
 ///
@@ -68,18 +67,12 @@ pub enum Event<T: 'static> {
     /// See [`ApplicationHandler::window_event`] for details.
     ///
     /// [`ApplicationHandler::window_event`]: crate::application::ApplicationHandler::window_event
-    WindowEvent {
-        window_id: WindowId,
-        event: WindowEvent,
-    },
+    WindowEvent { window_id: WindowId, event: WindowEvent },
 
     /// See [`ApplicationHandler::device_event`] for details.
     ///
     /// [`ApplicationHandler::device_event`]: crate::application::ApplicationHandler::device_event
-    DeviceEvent {
-        device_id: DeviceId,
-        event: DeviceEvent,
-    },
+    DeviceEvent { device_id: DeviceId, event: DeviceEvent },
 
     /// See [`ApplicationHandler::user_event`] for details.
     ///
@@ -138,17 +131,11 @@ pub enum StartCause {
     /// guaranteed to be equal to or after the requested resume time.
     ///
     /// [`ControlFlow::WaitUntil`]: crate::event_loop::ControlFlow::WaitUntil
-    ResumeTimeReached {
-        start: Instant,
-        requested_resume: Instant,
-    },
+    ResumeTimeReached { start: Instant, requested_resume: Instant },
 
     /// Sent if the OS has new events to send to the window, after a wait was requested. Contains
     /// the moment the wait was requested and the resume time, if requested.
-    WaitCancelled {
-        start: Instant,
-        requested_resume: Option<Instant>,
-    },
+    WaitCancelled { start: Instant, requested_resume: Option<Instant> },
 
     /// Sent if the event loop is being resumed after the loop's control flow was set to
     /// [`ControlFlow::Poll`].
@@ -164,18 +151,11 @@ pub enum StartCause {
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq)]
 pub enum WindowEvent {
     /// The activation token was delivered back and now could be used.
-    ///
-    #[cfg_attr(
-        not(any(x11_platform, wayland_platform)),
-        allow(rustdoc::broken_intra_doc_links)
-    )]
+    #[cfg_attr(not(any(x11_platform, wayland_platform)), allow(rustdoc::broken_intra_doc_links))]
     /// Delivered in response to [`request_activation_token`].
     ///
     /// [`request_activation_token`]: crate::platform::startup_notify::WindowExtStartupNotify::request_activation_token
-    ActivationTokenDone {
-        serial: AsyncRequestSerial,
-        token: ActivationToken,
-    },
+    ActivationTokenDone { serial: AsyncRequestSerial, token: ActivationToken },
 
     /// The size of the window has changed. Contains the client area's new dimensions.
     Resized(PhysicalSize<u32>),
@@ -229,10 +209,10 @@ pub enum WindowEvent {
         /// If `true`, the event was generated synthetically by winit
         /// in one of the following circumstances:
         ///
-        /// * Synthetic key press events are generated for all keys pressed
-        ///   when a window gains focus. Likewise, synthetic key release events
-        ///   are generated for all keys pressed when a window goes out of focus.
-        ///   ***Currently, this is only functional on X11 and Windows***
+        /// * Synthetic key press events are generated for all keys pressed when a window gains
+        ///   focus. Likewise, synthetic key release events are generated for all keys pressed when
+        ///   a window goes out of focus. ***Currently, this is only functional on X11 and
+        ///   Windows***
         ///
         /// Otherwise, this value is always `false`.
         is_synthetic: bool,
@@ -262,9 +242,10 @@ pub enum WindowEvent {
     CursorMoved {
         device_id: DeviceId,
 
-        /// (x,y) coords in pixels relative to the top-left corner of the window. Because the range of this data is
-        /// limited by the display area and it may have been transformed by the OS to implement effects such as cursor
-        /// acceleration, it should not be used to implement non-cursor-like interactions such as 3D camera control.
+        /// (x,y) coords in pixels relative to the top-left corner of the window. Because the range
+        /// of this data is limited by the display area and it may have been transformed by
+        /// the OS to implement effects such as cursor acceleration, it should not be used
+        /// to implement non-cursor-like interactions such as 3D camera control.
         position: PhysicalPosition<f64>,
     },
 
@@ -291,18 +272,10 @@ pub enum WindowEvent {
     CursorLeft { device_id: DeviceId },
 
     /// A mouse wheel movement or touchpad scroll occurred.
-    MouseWheel {
-        device_id: DeviceId,
-        delta: MouseScrollDelta,
-        phase: TouchPhase,
-    },
+    MouseWheel { device_id: DeviceId, delta: MouseScrollDelta, phase: TouchPhase },
 
     /// An mouse button press has been received.
-    MouseInput {
-        device_id: DeviceId,
-        state: ElementState,
-        button: MouseButton,
-    },
+    MouseInput { device_id: DeviceId, state: ElementState, button: MouseButton },
 
     /// Two-finger pinch gesture, often used for magnification.
     ///
@@ -320,6 +293,19 @@ pub enum WindowEvent {
         phase: TouchPhase,
     },
 
+    /// N-finger pan gesture
+    ///
+    /// ## Platform-specific
+    ///
+    /// - Only available on **iOS**.
+    /// - On iOS, not recognized by default. It must be enabled when needed.
+    PanGesture {
+        device_id: DeviceId,
+        /// Change in pixels of pan gesture from last update.
+        delta: PhysicalPosition<f32>,
+        phase: TouchPhase,
+    },
+
     /// Double tap gesture.
     ///
     /// On a Mac, smart magnification is triggered by a double tap with two fingers
@@ -351,6 +337,7 @@ pub enum WindowEvent {
     /// - On iOS, not recognized by default. It must be enabled when needed.
     RotationGesture {
         device_id: DeviceId,
+        /// change in rotation in degrees
         delta: f32,
         phase: TouchPhase,
     },
@@ -358,20 +345,12 @@ pub enum WindowEvent {
     /// Touchpad pressure event.
     ///
     /// At the moment, only supported on Apple forcetouch-capable macbooks.
-    /// The parameters are: pressure level (value between 0 and 1 representing how hard the touchpad
-    /// is being pressed) and stage (integer representing the click level).
-    TouchpadPressure {
-        device_id: DeviceId,
-        pressure: f32,
-        stage: i64,
-    },
+    /// The parameters are: pressure level (value between 0 and 1 representing how hard the
+    /// touchpad is being pressed) and stage (integer representing the click level).
+    TouchpadPressure { device_id: DeviceId, pressure: f32, stage: i64 },
 
     /// Motion on some analog axis. May report data redundant to other, more specific events.
-    AxisMotion {
-        device_id: DeviceId,
-        axis: AxisId,
-        value: f64,
-    },
+    AxisMotion { device_id: DeviceId, axis: AxisId, value: f64 },
 
     /// Touch event has been received
     ///
@@ -393,8 +372,8 @@ pub enum WindowEvent {
     /// * Changing the display's scale factor (e.g. in Control Panel on Windows).
     /// * Moving the window to a display with a different scale factor.
     ///
-    /// To update the window size, use the provided [`InnerSizeWriter`] handle. By default, the window is
-    /// resized to the value suggested by the OS, but it can be changed to any value.
+    /// To update the window size, use the provided [`InnerSizeWriter`] handle. By default, the
+    /// window is resized to the value suggested by the OS, but it can be changed to any value.
     ///
     /// For more information about DPI in general, see the [`dpi`] crate.
     ScaleFactorChanged {
@@ -410,6 +389,8 @@ pub enum WindowEvent {
     /// Applications might wish to react to this to change the theme of the content of the window
     /// when the system changes the window theme.
     ///
+    /// This only reports a change if the window theme was not overridden by [`Window::set_theme`].
+    ///
     /// ## Platform-specific
     ///
     /// - **iOS / Android / X11 / Wayland / Orbital:** Unsupported.
@@ -424,10 +405,11 @@ pub enum WindowEvent {
     ///
     /// ### iOS
     ///
-    /// On iOS, the `Occluded(false)` event is emitted in response to an [`applicationWillEnterForeground`]
-    /// callback which means the application should start preparing its data. The `Occluded(true)` event is
-    /// emitted in response to an [`applicationDidEnterBackground`] callback which means the application
-    /// should free resources (according to the [iOS application lifecycle]).
+    /// On iOS, the `Occluded(false)` event is emitted in response to an
+    /// [`applicationWillEnterForeground`] callback which means the application should start
+    /// preparing its data. The `Occluded(true)` event is emitted in response to an
+    /// [`applicationDidEnterBackground`] callback which means the application should free
+    /// resources (according to the [iOS application lifecycle]).
     ///
     /// [`applicationWillEnterForeground`]: https://developer.apple.com/documentation/uikit/uiapplicationdelegate/1623076-applicationwillenterforeground
     /// [`applicationDidEnterBackground`]: https://developer.apple.com/documentation/uikit/uiapplicationdelegate/1622997-applicationdidenterbackground
@@ -457,34 +439,32 @@ pub enum WindowEvent {
 
 /// Identifier of an input device.
 ///
-/// Whenever you receive an event arising from a particular input device, this event contains a `DeviceId` which
-/// identifies its origin. Note that devices may be virtual (representing an on-screen cursor and keyboard focus) or
-/// physical. Virtual devices typically aggregate inputs from multiple physical devices.
+/// Whenever you receive an event arising from a particular input device, this event contains a
+/// `DeviceId` which identifies its origin. Note that devices may be virtual (representing an
+/// on-screen cursor and keyboard focus) or physical. Virtual devices typically aggregate inputs
+/// from multiple physical devices.
 #[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord, Hash)]
 pub struct DeviceId(pub(crate) platform_impl::DeviceId);
 
 impl DeviceId {
     /// Returns a dummy id, useful for unit testing.
     ///
-    /// # Safety
+    /// # Notes
     ///
     /// The only guarantee made about the return value of this function is that
     /// it will always be equal to itself and to future values returned by this function.
     /// No other guarantees are made. This may be equal to a real `DeviceId`.
-    ///
-    /// **Passing this into a winit function will result in undefined behavior.**
-    pub const unsafe fn dummy() -> Self {
-        #[allow(unused_unsafe)]
-        DeviceId(unsafe { platform_impl::DeviceId::dummy() })
+    pub const fn dummy() -> Self {
+        DeviceId(platform_impl::DeviceId::dummy())
     }
 }
 
 /// Represents raw hardware events that are not associated with any particular window.
 ///
-/// Useful for interactions that diverge significantly from a conventional 2D GUI, such as 3D camera or first-person
-/// game controls. Many physical actions, such as mouse movement, can produce both device and window events. Because
-/// window events typically arise from virtual devices (corresponding to GUI cursors and keyboard focus) the device IDs
-/// may not match.
+/// Useful for interactions that diverge significantly from a conventional 2D GUI, such as 3D camera
+/// or first-person game controls. Many physical actions, such as mouse movement, can produce both
+/// device and window events. Because window events typically arise from virtual devices
+/// (corresponding to GUI cursors and keyboard focus) the device IDs may not match.
 ///
 /// Note that these events are delivered regardless of input focus.
 #[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq)]
@@ -494,7 +474,8 @@ pub enum DeviceEvent {
 
     /// Change in physical position of a pointing device.
     ///
-    /// This represents raw, unfiltered physical motion. Not to be confused with [`WindowEvent::CursorMoved`].
+    /// This represents raw, unfiltered physical motion. Not to be confused with
+    /// [`WindowEvent::CursorMoved`].
     MouseMotion {
         /// (x, y) change in position in unspecified units.
         ///
@@ -551,11 +532,11 @@ pub struct KeyEvent {
     /// ## Caveats
     ///
     /// - Certain niche hardware will shuffle around physical key positions, e.g. a keyboard that
-    /// implements DVORAK in hardware (or firmware)
+    ///   implements DVORAK in hardware (or firmware)
     /// - Your application will likely have to handle keyboards which are missing keys that your
-    /// own keyboard has.
+    ///   own keyboard has.
     /// - Certain `KeyCode`s will move between a couple of different positions depending on what
-    /// layout the keyboard was manufactured to support.
+    ///   layout the keyboard was manufactured to support.
     ///
     ///  **Because of these caveats, it is important that you provide users with a way to configure
     ///  most (if not all) keybinds in your application.**
@@ -577,8 +558,7 @@ pub struct KeyEvent {
     ///
     /// This has two use cases:
     /// - Allows querying whether the current input is a Dead key.
-    /// - Allows handling key-bindings on platforms which don't
-    /// support [`key_without_modifiers`].
+    /// - Allows handling key-bindings on platforms which don't support [`key_without_modifiers`].
     ///
     /// If you use this field (or [`key_without_modifiers`] for that matter) for keyboard
     /// shortcuts, **it is important that you provide users with a way to configure your
@@ -586,8 +566,8 @@ pub struct KeyEvent {
     /// incompatible keyboard layout.**
     ///
     /// ## Platform-specific
-    /// - **Web:** Dead keys might be reported as the real key instead
-    /// of `Dead` depending on the browser/OS.
+    /// - **Web:** Dead keys might be reported as the real key instead of `Dead` depending on the
+    ///   browser/OS.
     ///
     /// [`key_without_modifiers`]: crate::platform::modifier_supplement::KeyEventExtModifierSupplement::key_without_modifiers
     pub logical_key: keyboard::Key,
@@ -615,13 +595,13 @@ pub struct KeyEvent {
 
     /// Contains the location of this key on the keyboard.
     ///
-    /// Certain keys on the keyboard may appear in more than once place. For example, the "Shift" key
-    /// appears on the left side of the QWERTY keyboard as well as the right side. However, both keys
-    /// have the same symbolic value. Another example of this phenomenon is the "1" key, which appears
-    /// both above the "Q" key and as the "Keypad 1" key.
+    /// Certain keys on the keyboard may appear in more than once place. For example, the "Shift"
+    /// key appears on the left side of the QWERTY keyboard as well as the right side. However,
+    /// both keys have the same symbolic value. Another example of this phenomenon is the "1"
+    /// key, which appears both above the "Q" key and as the "Keypad 1" key.
     ///
-    /// This field allows the user to differentiate between keys like this that have the same symbolic
-    /// value but different locations on the keyboard.
+    /// This field allows the user to differentiate between keys like this that have the same
+    /// symbolic value but different locations on the keyboard.
     ///
     /// See the [`KeyLocation`] type for more details.
     ///
@@ -636,8 +616,8 @@ pub struct KeyEvent {
     /// Whether or not this key is a key repeat event.
     ///
     /// On some systems, holding down a key for some period of time causes that key to be repeated
-    /// as though it were being pressed and released repeatedly. This field is `true` if and only if
-    /// this event is the result of one of those repeats.
+    /// as though it were being pressed and released repeatedly. This field is `true` if and only
+    /// if this event is the result of one of those repeats.
     ///
     /// # Example
     ///
@@ -645,30 +625,31 @@ pub struct KeyEvent {
     /// done by ignoring events where this property is set.
     ///
     /// ```
-    /// use winit::event::{WindowEvent, KeyEvent, ElementState};
+    /// use winit::event::{ElementState, KeyEvent, WindowEvent};
     /// use winit::keyboard::{KeyCode, PhysicalKey};
     /// # let window_event = WindowEvent::RedrawRequested; // To make the example compile
     /// match window_event {
     ///     WindowEvent::KeyboardInput {
-    ///         event: KeyEvent {
-    ///             physical_key: PhysicalKey::Code(KeyCode::KeyW),
-    ///             state: ElementState::Pressed,
-    ///             repeat: false,
-    ///             ..
-    ///         },
+    ///         event:
+    ///             KeyEvent {
+    ///                 physical_key: PhysicalKey::Code(KeyCode::KeyW),
+    ///                 state: ElementState::Pressed,
+    ///                 repeat: false,
+    ///                 ..
+    ///             },
     ///         ..
     ///     } => {
-    ///          // The physical key `W` was pressed, and it was not a repeat
-    ///     }
-    ///     _ => {} // Handle other events
+    ///         // The physical key `W` was pressed, and it was not a repeat
+    ///     },
+    ///     _ => {}, // Handle other events
     /// }
     /// ```
     pub repeat: bool,
 
     /// Platform-specific key event information.
     ///
-    /// On Windows, Linux and macOS, this type contains the key without modifiers and the text with all
-    /// modifiers applied.
+    /// On Windows, Linux and macOS, this type contains the key without modifiers and the text with
+    /// all modifiers applied.
     ///
     /// On Android, iOS, Redox and Web, this type is a no-op.
     pub(crate) platform_specific: platform_impl::KeyEventExtra,
@@ -742,10 +723,7 @@ impl Modifiers {
 
 impl From<ModifiersState> for Modifiers {
     fn from(value: ModifiersState) -> Self {
-        Self {
-            state: value,
-            pressed_mods: Default::default(),
-        }
+        Self { state: value, pressed_mods: Default::default() }
     }
 }
 
@@ -753,12 +731,16 @@ impl From<ModifiersState> for Modifiers {
 ///
 /// This is also called a "composition event".
 ///
-/// Most keypresses using a latin-like keyboard layout simply generate a [`WindowEvent::KeyboardInput`].
-/// However, one couldn't possibly have a key for every single unicode character that the user might want to type
-/// - so the solution operating systems employ is to allow the user to type these using _a sequence of keypresses_ instead.
+/// Most keypresses using a latin-like keyboard layout simply generate a
+/// [`WindowEvent::KeyboardInput`]. However, one couldn't possibly have a key for every single
+/// unicode character that the user might want to type
+/// - so the solution operating systems employ is to allow the user to type these using _a sequence
+///   of keypresses_ instead.
+///
+/// A prominent example of this is accents - many keyboard layouts allow you to first click the
+/// "accent key", and then the character you want to apply the accent to. In this case, some
+/// platforms will generate the following event sequence:
 ///
-/// A prominent example of this is accents - many keyboard layouts allow you to first click the "accent key", and then
-/// the character you want to apply the accent to. In this case, some platforms will generate the following event sequence:
 /// ```ignore
 /// // Press "`" key
 /// Ime::Preedit("`", Some((0, 0)))
@@ -767,11 +749,13 @@ impl From<ModifiersState> for Modifiers {
 /// Ime::Commit("é")
 /// ```
 ///
-/// Additionally, certain input devices are configured to display a candidate box that allow the user to select the
-/// desired character interactively. (To properly position this box, you must use [`Window::set_ime_cursor_area`].)
+/// Additionally, certain input devices are configured to display a candidate box that allow the
+/// user to select the desired character interactively. (To properly position this box, you must use
+/// [`Window::set_ime_cursor_area`].)
+///
+/// An example of a keyboard layout which uses candidate boxes is pinyin. On a latin keyboard the
+/// following event sequence could be obtained:
 ///
-/// An example of a keyboard layout which uses candidate boxes is pinyin. On a latin keyboard the following event
-/// sequence could be obtained:
 /// ```ignore
 /// // Press "A" key
 /// Ime::Preedit("a", Some((1, 1)))
@@ -813,8 +797,8 @@ pub enum Ime {
     ///
     /// After receiving this event you won't get any more [`Preedit`][Self::Preedit] or
     /// [`Commit`][Self::Commit] events until the next [`Enabled`][Self::Enabled] event. You should
-    /// also stop issuing IME related requests like [`Window::set_ime_cursor_area`] and clear pending
-    /// preedit text.
+    /// also stop issuing IME related requests like [`Window::set_ime_cursor_area`] and clear
+    /// pending preedit text.
     Disabled,
 }
 
@@ -865,8 +849,8 @@ pub struct Touch {
     ///
     /// - Only available on **iOS** 9.0+, **Windows** 8+, **Web**, and **Android**.
     /// - **Android**: This will never be [None]. If the device doesn't support pressure
-    /// sensitivity, force will either be 0.0 or 1.0. Also see the
-    /// [android documentation](https://developer.android.com/reference/android/view/MotionEvent#AXIS_PRESSURE).
+    ///   sensitivity, force will either be 0.0 or 1.0. Also see the
+    ///   [android documentation](https://developer.android.com/reference/android/view/MotionEvent#AXIS_PRESSURE).
     pub force: Option<Force>,
     /// Unique identifier of a finger.
     pub id: u64,
@@ -913,17 +897,13 @@ impl Force {
     /// consistent across devices.
     pub fn normalized(&self) -> f64 {
         match self {
-            Force::Calibrated {
-                force,
-                max_possible_force,
-                altitude_angle,
-            } => {
+            Force::Calibrated { force, max_possible_force, altitude_angle } => {
                 let force = match altitude_angle {
                     Some(altitude_angle) => force / altitude_angle.sin(),
                     None => *force,
                 };
                 force / max_possible_force
-            }
+            },
             Force::Normalized(force) => *force,
         }
     }
@@ -1029,6 +1009,7 @@ impl PartialEq for InnerSizeWriter {
 
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
+    use crate::dpi::PhysicalPosition;
     use crate::event;
     use std::collections::{BTreeSet, HashSet};
 
@@ -1036,15 +1017,17 @@ mod tests {
         ($closure:expr) => {{
             #[allow(unused_mut)]
             let mut x = $closure;
-            let did = unsafe { event::DeviceId::dummy() };
+            let did = event::DeviceId::dummy();
 
             #[allow(deprecated)]
             {
-                use crate::event::{Event::*, Ime::Enabled, WindowEvent::*};
+                use crate::event::Event::*;
+                use crate::event::Ime::Enabled;
+                use crate::event::WindowEvent::*;
                 use crate::window::WindowId;
 
                 // Mainline events.
-                let wid = unsafe { WindowId::dummy() };
+                let wid = WindowId::dummy();
                 x(UserEvent(()));
                 x(NewEvents(event::StartCause::Init));
                 x(AboutToWait);
@@ -1053,12 +1036,7 @@ mod tests {
                 x(Resumed);
 
                 // Window events.
-                let with_window_event = |wev| {
-                    x(WindowEvent {
-                        window_id: wid,
-                        event: wev,
-                    })
-                };
+                let with_window_event = |wev| x(WindowEvent { window_id: wid, event: wev });
 
                 with_window_event(CloseRequested);
                 with_window_event(Destroyed);
@@ -1069,10 +1047,7 @@ mod tests {
                 with_window_event(HoveredFile("x.txt".into()));
                 with_window_event(HoveredFileCancelled);
                 with_window_event(Ime(Enabled));
-                with_window_event(CursorMoved {
-                    device_id: did,
-                    position: (0, 0).into(),
-                });
+                with_window_event(CursorMoved { device_id: did, position: (0, 0).into() });
                 with_window_event(ModifiersChanged(event::Modifiers::default()));
                 with_window_event(CursorEntered { device_id: did });
                 with_window_event(CursorLeft { device_id: did });
@@ -1097,16 +1072,13 @@ mod tests {
                     delta: 0.0,
                     phase: event::TouchPhase::Started,
                 });
-                with_window_event(TouchpadPressure {
+                with_window_event(PanGesture {
                     device_id: did,
-                    pressure: 0.0,
-                    stage: 0,
-                });
-                with_window_event(AxisMotion {
-                    device_id: did,
-                    axis: 0,
-                    value: 0.0,
+                    delta: PhysicalPosition::<f32>::new(0.0, 0.0),
+                    phase: event::TouchPhase::Started,
                 });
+                with_window_event(TouchpadPressure { device_id: did, pressure: 0.0, stage: 0 });
+                with_window_event(AxisMotion { device_id: did, axis: 0, value: 0.0 });
                 with_window_event(Touch(event::Touch {
                     device_id: did,
                     phase: event::TouchPhase::Started,
@@ -1122,29 +1094,17 @@ mod tests {
             {
                 use event::DeviceEvent::*;
 
-                let with_device_event = |dev_ev| {
-                    x(event::Event::DeviceEvent {
-                        device_id: did,
-                        event: dev_ev,
-                    })
-                };
+                let with_device_event =
+                    |dev_ev| x(event::Event::DeviceEvent { device_id: did, event: dev_ev });
 
                 with_device_event(Added);
                 with_device_event(Removed);
-                with_device_event(MouseMotion {
-                    delta: (0.0, 0.0).into(),
-                });
+                with_device_event(MouseMotion { delta: (0.0, 0.0).into() });
                 with_device_event(MouseWheel {
                     delta: event::MouseScrollDelta::LineDelta(0.0, 0.0),
                 });
-                with_device_event(Motion {
-                    axis: 0,
-                    value: 0.0,
-                });
-                with_device_event(Button {
-                    button: 0,
-                    state: event::ElementState::Pressed,
-                });
+                with_device_event(Motion { axis: 0, value: 0.0 });
+                with_device_event(Button { button: 0, state: event::ElementState::Pressed });
             }
         }};
     }
@@ -1176,11 +1136,8 @@ mod tests {
         let force = event::Force::Normalized(0.0);
         assert_eq!(force.normalized(), 0.0);
 
-        let force2 = event::Force::Calibrated {
-            force: 5.0,
-            max_possible_force: 2.5,
-            altitude_angle: None,
-        };
+        let force2 =
+            event::Force::Calibrated { force: 5.0, max_possible_force: 2.5, altitude_angle: None };
         assert_eq!(force2.normalized(), 2.0);
 
         let force3 = event::Force::Calibrated {
@@ -1195,11 +1152,11 @@ mod tests {
     #[test]
     fn ensure_attrs_do_not_panic() {
         foreach_event!(|event: event::Event<()>| {
-            let _ = format!("{:?}", event);
+            let _ = format!("{event:?}");
         });
         let _ = event::StartCause::Init.clone();
 
-        let did = unsafe { crate::event::DeviceId::dummy() }.clone();
+        let did = crate::event::DeviceId::dummy().clone();
         HashSet::new().insert(did);
         let mut set = [did, did, did];
         set.sort_unstable();
@@ -1219,11 +1176,8 @@ mod tests {
             force: Some(event::Force::Normalized(0.0)),
         }
         .clone();
-        let _ = event::Force::Calibrated {
-            force: 0.0,
-            max_possible_force: 0.0,
-            altitude_angle: None,
-        }
-        .clone();
+        let _ =
+            event::Force::Calibrated { force: 0.0, max_possible_force: 0.0, altitude_angle: None }
+                .clone();
     }
 }

src/event_loop.rs

@@ -20,8 +20,10 @@ use web_time::{Duration, Instant};
 
 use crate::application::ApplicationHandler;
 use crate::error::{EventLoopError, OsError};
-use crate::window::{CustomCursor, CustomCursorSource, Window, WindowAttributes};
-use crate::{event::Event, monitor::MonitorHandle, platform_impl};
+use crate::event::Event;
+use crate::monitor::MonitorHandle;
+use crate::platform_impl;
+use crate::window::{CustomCursor, CustomCursorSource, Theme, Window, WindowAttributes};
 
 /// Provides a way to retrieve events from the system and from the windows that were registered to
 /// the events loop.
@@ -33,8 +35,8 @@ use crate::{event::Event, monitor::MonitorHandle, platform_impl};
 /// To wake up an `EventLoop` from a another thread, see the [`EventLoopProxy`] docs.
 ///
 /// Note that this cannot be shared across threads (due to platform-dependant logic
-/// forbidding it), as such it is neither [`Send`] nor [`Sync`]. If you need cross-thread access, the
-/// [`Window`] created from this _can_ be sent to an other thread, and the
+/// forbidding it), as such it is neither [`Send`] nor [`Sync`]. If you need cross-thread access,
+/// the [`Window`] created from this _can_ be sent to an other thread, and the
 /// [`EventLoopProxy`] allows you to wake up an `EventLoop` from another thread.
 ///
 /// [`Window`]: crate::window::Window
@@ -94,18 +96,19 @@ impl<T> EventLoopBuilder<T> {
     ///
     /// ## Platform-specific
     ///
-    /// - **Wayland/X11:** to prevent running under `Wayland` or `X11` unset `WAYLAND_DISPLAY`
-    ///                    or `DISPLAY` respectively when building the event loop.
+    /// - **Wayland/X11:** to prevent running under `Wayland` or `X11` unset `WAYLAND_DISPLAY` or
+    ///   `DISPLAY` respectively when building the event loop.
     /// - **Android:** must be configured with an `AndroidApp` from `android_main()` by calling
-    ///     [`.with_android_app(app)`] before calling `.build()`, otherwise it'll panic.
+    ///   [`.with_android_app(app)`] before calling `.build()`, otherwise it'll panic.
     ///
     /// [`platform`]: crate::platform
     #[cfg_attr(
-        android,
-        doc = "[`.with_android_app(app)`]: crate::platform::android::EventLoopBuilderExtAndroid::with_android_app"
+        android_platform,
+        doc = "[`.with_android_app(app)`]: \
+               crate::platform::android::EventLoopBuilderExtAndroid::with_android_app"
     )]
     #[cfg_attr(
-        not(android),
+        not(android_platform),
         doc = "[`.with_android_app(app)`]: #only-available-on-android"
     )]
     #[inline]
@@ -162,9 +165,9 @@ pub enum ControlFlow {
     /// When the current loop iteration finishes, suspend the thread until either another event
     /// arrives or the given time is reached.
     ///
-    /// Useful for implementing efficient timers. Applications which want to render at the display's
-    /// native refresh rate should instead use [`Poll`] and the VSync functionality of a graphics API
-    /// to reduce odds of missed frames.
+    /// Useful for implementing efficient timers. Applications which want to render at the
+    /// display's native refresh rate should instead use [`Poll`] and the VSync functionality
+    /// of a graphics API to reduce odds of missed frames.
     ///
     /// [`Poll`]: Self::Poll
     WaitUntil(Instant),
@@ -210,10 +213,7 @@ impl<T> EventLoop<T> {
     /// Start building a new event loop, with the given type as the user event
     /// type.
     pub fn with_user_event() -> EventLoopBuilder<T> {
-        EventLoopBuilder {
-            platform_specific: Default::default(),
-            _p: PhantomData,
-        }
+        EventLoopBuilder { platform_specific: Default::default(), _p: PhantomData }
     }
 
     /// See [`run_app`].
@@ -239,9 +239,9 @@ impl<T> EventLoop<T> {
     ///
     /// - **iOS:** Will never return to the caller and so values not passed to this function will
     ///   *not* be dropped before the process exits.
-    /// - **Web:** Will _act_ as if it never returns to the caller by throwing a Javascript exception
-    ///   (that Rust doesn't see) that will also mean that the rest of the function is never executed
-    ///   and any values not passed to this function will *not* be dropped.
+    /// - **Web:** Will _act_ as if it never returns to the caller by throwing a Javascript
+    ///   exception (that Rust doesn't see) that will also mean that the rest of the function is
+    ///   never executed and any values not passed to this function will *not* be dropped.
     ///
     ///   Web applications are recommended to use
     #[cfg_attr(
@@ -262,25 +262,20 @@ impl<T> EventLoop<T> {
     #[inline]
     #[cfg(not(all(web_platform, target_feature = "exception-handling")))]
     pub fn run_app<A: ApplicationHandler<T>>(self, app: &mut A) -> Result<(), EventLoopError> {
-        self.event_loop
-            .run(|event, event_loop| dispatch_event_for_app(app, event_loop, event))
+        self.event_loop.run(|event, event_loop| dispatch_event_for_app(app, event_loop, event))
     }
 
     /// Creates an [`EventLoopProxy`] that can be used to dispatch user events
     /// to the main event loop, possibly from another thread.
     pub fn create_proxy(&self) -> EventLoopProxy<T> {
-        EventLoopProxy {
-            event_loop_proxy: self.event_loop.create_proxy(),
-        }
+        EventLoopProxy { event_loop_proxy: self.event_loop.create_proxy() }
     }
 
     /// Gets a persistent reference to the underlying platform display.
     ///
     /// See the [`OwnedDisplayHandle`] type for more information.
     pub fn owned_display_handle(&self) -> OwnedDisplayHandle {
-        OwnedDisplayHandle {
-            platform: self.event_loop.window_target().p.owned_display_handle(),
-        }
+        OwnedDisplayHandle { platform: self.event_loop.window_target().p.owned_display_handle() }
     }
 
     /// Change if or when [`DeviceEvent`]s are captured.
@@ -295,18 +290,12 @@ impl<T> EventLoop<T> {
         )
         .entered();
 
-        self.event_loop
-            .window_target()
-            .p
-            .listen_device_events(allowed);
+        self.event_loop.window_target().p.listen_device_events(allowed);
     }
 
     /// Sets the [`ControlFlow`].
     pub fn set_control_flow(&self, control_flow: ControlFlow) {
-        self.event_loop
-            .window_target()
-            .p
-            .set_control_flow(control_flow)
+        self.event_loop.window_target().p.set_control_flow(control_flow)
     }
 
     /// Create a window.
@@ -329,10 +318,7 @@ impl<T> EventLoop<T> {
 
     /// Create custom cursor.
     pub fn create_custom_cursor(&self, custom_cursor: CustomCursorSource) -> CustomCursor {
-        self.event_loop
-            .window_target()
-            .p
-            .create_custom_cursor(custom_cursor)
+        self.event_loop.window_target().p.create_custom_cursor(custom_cursor)
     }
 }
 
@@ -413,10 +399,7 @@ impl ActiveEventLoop {
         let _span = tracing::debug_span!("winit::ActiveEventLoop::available_monitors",).entered();
 
         #[allow(clippy::useless_conversion)] // false positive on some platforms
-        self.p
-            .available_monitors()
-            .into_iter()
-            .map(|inner| MonitorHandle { inner })
+        self.p.available_monitors().into_iter().map(|inner| MonitorHandle { inner })
     }
 
     /// Returns the primary monitor of the system.
@@ -430,9 +413,7 @@ impl ActiveEventLoop {
     pub fn primary_monitor(&self) -> Option<MonitorHandle> {
         let _span = tracing::debug_span!("winit::ActiveEventLoop::primary_monitor",).entered();
 
-        self.p
-            .primary_monitor()
-            .map(|inner| MonitorHandle { inner })
+        self.p.primary_monitor().map(|inner| MonitorHandle { inner })
     }
 
     /// Change if or when [`DeviceEvent`]s are captured.
@@ -456,6 +437,17 @@ impl ActiveEventLoop {
         self.p.listen_device_events(allowed);
     }
 
+    /// Returns the current system theme.
+    ///
+    /// Returns `None` if it cannot be determined on the current platform.
+    ///
+    /// ## Platform-specific
+    ///
+    /// - **iOS / Android / Wayland / x11 / Orbital:** Unsupported.
+    pub fn system_theme(&self) -> Option<Theme> {
+        self.p.system_theme()
+    }
+
     /// Sets the [`ControlFlow`].
     pub fn set_control_flow(&self, control_flow: ControlFlow) {
         self.p.set_control_flow(control_flow)
@@ -486,9 +478,7 @@ impl ActiveEventLoop {
     ///
     /// See the [`OwnedDisplayHandle`] type for more information.
     pub fn owned_display_handle(&self) -> OwnedDisplayHandle {
-        OwnedDisplayHandle {
-            platform: self.p.owned_display_handle(),
-        }
+        OwnedDisplayHandle { platform: self.p.owned_display_handle() }
     }
 }
 
@@ -511,7 +501,7 @@ unsafe impl rwh_05::HasRawDisplayHandle for ActiveEventLoop {
 
 /// A proxy for the underlying display handle.
 ///
-/// The purpose of this type is to provide a cheaply clonable handle to the underlying
+/// The purpose of this type is to provide a cheaply cloneable handle to the underlying
 /// display handle. This is often used by graphics APIs to connect to the underlying APIs.
 /// It is difficult to keep a handle to the [`EventLoop`] type or the [`ActiveEventLoop`]
 /// type. In contrast, this type involves no lifetimes and can be persisted for as long as
@@ -562,9 +552,7 @@ pub struct EventLoopProxy<T: 'static> {
 
 impl<T: 'static> Clone for EventLoopProxy<T> {
     fn clone(&self) -> Self {
-        Self {
-            event_loop_proxy: self.event_loop_proxy.clone(),
-        }
+        Self { event_loop_proxy: self.event_loop_proxy.clone() }
     }
 }
 

src/icon.rs

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 use crate::platform_impl::PlatformIcon;
-use std::{error::Error, fmt, io, mem};
+use std::error::Error;
+use std::{fmt, io, mem};
 
 #[repr(C)]
 #[derive(Debug)]
@@ -20,12 +21,7 @@ pub enum BadIcon {
     ByteCountNotDivisibleBy4 { byte_count: usize },
     /// Produced when the number of pixels (`rgba.len() / 4`) isn't equal to `width * height`.
     /// At least one of your arguments is incorrect.
-    DimensionsVsPixelCount {
-        width: u32,
-        height: u32,
-        width_x_height: usize,
-        pixel_count: usize,
-    },
+    DimensionsVsPixelCount { width: u32, height: u32, width_x_height: usize, pixel_count: usize },
     /// Produced when underlying OS functionality failed to create the icon
     OsError(io::Error),
 }
@@ -33,17 +29,19 @@ pub enum BadIcon {
 impl fmt::Display for BadIcon {
     fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
         match self {
-            BadIcon::ByteCountNotDivisibleBy4 { byte_count } => write!(f,
-                "The length of the `rgba` argument ({byte_count:?}) isn't divisible by 4, making it impossible to interpret as 32bpp RGBA pixels.",
-            ),
-            BadIcon::DimensionsVsPixelCount {
-                width,
-                height,
-                width_x_height,
-                pixel_count,
-            } => write!(f,
-                "The specified dimensions ({width:?}x{height:?}) don't match the number of pixels supplied by the `rgba` argument ({pixel_count:?}). For those dimensions, the expected pixel count is {width_x_height:?}.",
+            BadIcon::ByteCountNotDivisibleBy4 { byte_count } => write!(
+                f,
+                "The length of the `rgba` argument ({byte_count:?}) isn't divisible by 4, making \
+                 it impossible to interpret as 32bpp RGBA pixels.",
             ),
+            BadIcon::DimensionsVsPixelCount { width, height, width_x_height, pixel_count } => {
+                write!(
+                    f,
+                    "The specified dimensions ({width:?}x{height:?}) don't match the number of \
+                     pixels supplied by the `rgba` argument ({pixel_count:?}). For those \
+                     dimensions, the expected pixel count is {width_x_height:?}.",
+                )
+            },
             BadIcon::OsError(e) => write!(f, "OS error when instantiating the icon: {e:?}"),
         }
     }
@@ -69,9 +67,7 @@ mod constructors {
     impl RgbaIcon {
         pub fn from_rgba(rgba: Vec<u8>, width: u32, height: u32) -> Result<Self, BadIcon> {
             if rgba.len() % PIXEL_SIZE != 0 {
-                return Err(BadIcon::ByteCountNotDivisibleBy4 {
-                    byte_count: rgba.len(),
-                });
+                return Err(BadIcon::ByteCountNotDivisibleBy4 { byte_count: rgba.len() });
             }
             let pixel_count = rgba.len() / PIXEL_SIZE;
             if pixel_count != (width * height) as usize {
@@ -82,11 +78,7 @@ mod constructors {
                     pixel_count,
                 })
             } else {
-                Ok(RgbaIcon {
-                    rgba,
-                    width,
-                    height,
-                })
+                Ok(RgbaIcon { rgba, width, height })
             }
         }
     }
@@ -120,8 +112,6 @@ impl Icon {
     pub fn from_rgba(rgba: Vec<u8>, width: u32, height: u32) -> Result<Self, BadIcon> {
         let _span = tracing::debug_span!("winit::Icon::from_rgba", width, height).entered();
 
-        Ok(Icon {
-            inner: PlatformIcon::from_rgba(rgba, width, height)?,
-        })
+        Ok(Icon { inner: PlatformIcon::from_rgba(rgba, width, height)? })
     }
 }

src/keyboard.rs

@@ -106,23 +106,23 @@ impl std::fmt::Debug for NativeKeyCode {
         match self {
             Unidentified => {
                 debug_tuple = f.debug_tuple("Unidentified");
-            }
+            },
             Android(code) => {
                 debug_tuple = f.debug_tuple("Android");
                 debug_tuple.field(&format_args!("0x{code:04X}"));
-            }
+            },
             MacOS(code) => {
                 debug_tuple = f.debug_tuple("MacOS");
                 debug_tuple.field(&format_args!("0x{code:04X}"));
-            }
+            },
             Windows(code) => {
                 debug_tuple = f.debug_tuple("Windows");
                 debug_tuple.field(&format_args!("0x{code:04X}"));
-            }
+            },
             Xkb(code) => {
                 debug_tuple = f.debug_tuple("Xkb");
                 debug_tuple.field(&format_args!("0x{code:04X}"));
-            }
+            },
         }
         debug_tuple.finish()
     }
@@ -162,27 +162,27 @@ impl std::fmt::Debug for NativeKey {
         match self {
             Unidentified => {
                 debug_tuple = f.debug_tuple("Unidentified");
-            }
+            },
             Android(code) => {
                 debug_tuple = f.debug_tuple("Android");
                 debug_tuple.field(&format_args!("0x{code:04X}"));
-            }
+            },
             MacOS(code) => {
                 debug_tuple = f.debug_tuple("MacOS");
                 debug_tuple.field(&format_args!("0x{code:04X}"));
-            }
+            },
             Windows(code) => {
                 debug_tuple = f.debug_tuple("Windows");
                 debug_tuple.field(&format_args!("0x{code:04X}"));
-            }
+            },
             Xkb(code) => {
                 debug_tuple = f.debug_tuple("Xkb");
                 debug_tuple.field(&format_args!("0x{code:04X}"));
-            }
+            },
             Web(code) => {
                 debug_tuple = f.debug_tuple("Web");
                 debug_tuple.field(code);
-            }
+            },
         }
         debug_tuple.finish()
     }
@@ -442,7 +442,8 @@ pub enum KeyCode {
     Tab,
     /// Japanese: <kbd>変</kbd> (henkan)
     Convert,
-    /// Japanese: <kbd>カタカナ</kbd>/<kbd>ひらがな</kbd>/<kbd>ローマ字</kbd> (katakana/hiragana/romaji)
+    /// Japanese: <kbd>カタカナ</kbd>/<kbd>ひらがな</kbd>/<kbd>ローマ字</kbd>
+    /// (katakana/hiragana/romaji)
     KanaMode,
     /// Korean: HangulMode <kbd>한/영</kbd> (han/yeong)
     ///
@@ -490,7 +491,8 @@ pub enum KeyCode {
     NumLock,
     /// <kbd>0 Ins</kbd> on a keyboard. <kbd>0</kbd> on a phone or remote control
     Numpad0,
-    /// <kbd>1 End</kbd> on a keyboard. <kbd>1</kbd> or <kbd>1 QZ</kbd> on a phone or remote control
+    /// <kbd>1 End</kbd> on a keyboard. <kbd>1</kbd> or <kbd>1 QZ</kbd> on a phone or remote
+    /// control
     Numpad1,
     /// <kbd>2 ↓</kbd> on a keyboard. <kbd>2 ABC</kbd> on a phone or remote control
     Numpad2,
@@ -794,13 +796,14 @@ pub enum NamedKey {
     // Legacy modifier key.
     Hyper,
     /// Used to enable "super" modifier function for interpreting concurrent or subsequent keyboard
-    /// input. This key value is used for the "Windows Logo" key and the Apple `Command` or `⌘` key.
+    /// input. This key value is used for the "Windows Logo" key and the Apple `Command` or `⌘`
+    /// key.
     ///
     /// Note: In some contexts (e.g. the Web) this is referred to as the "Meta" key.
     Super,
-    /// The `Enter` or `↵` key. Used to activate current selection or accept current input. This key
-    /// value is also used for the `Return` (Macintosh numpad) key. This key value is also used for
-    /// the Android `KEYCODE_DPAD_CENTER`.
+    /// The `Enter` or `↵` key. Used to activate current selection or accept current input. This
+    /// key value is also used for the `Return` (Macintosh numpad) key. This key value is also
+    /// used for the Android `KEYCODE_DPAD_CENTER`.
     Enter,
     /// The Horizontal Tabulation `Tab` key.
     Tab,
@@ -836,8 +839,8 @@ pub enum NamedKey {
     CrSel,
     /// Cut the current selection. (`APPCOMMAND_CUT`)
     Cut,
-    /// Used to delete the character to the right of the cursor. This key value is also used for the
-    /// key labeled `Delete` on MacOS keyboards when `Fn` is active.
+    /// Used to delete the character to the right of the cursor. This key value is also used for
+    /// the key labeled `Delete` on MacOS keyboards when `Fn` is active.
     Delete,
     /// The Erase to End of Field key. This key deletes all characters from the current cursor
     /// position to the end of the current field.
@@ -921,8 +924,8 @@ pub enum NamedKey {
     /// their code points.
     CodeInput,
     /// The Compose key, also known as "Multi_key" on the X Window System. This key acts in a
-    /// manner similar to a dead key, triggering a mode where subsequent key presses are combined to
-    /// produce a different character.
+    /// manner similar to a dead key, triggering a mode where subsequent key presses are combined
+    /// to produce a different character.
     Compose,
     /// Convert the current input method sequence.
     Convert,
@@ -961,9 +964,9 @@ pub enum NamedKey {
     /// The Kana Mode (Kana Lock) key. This key is used to enter hiragana mode (typically from
     /// romaji mode).
     KanaMode,
-    /// The Kanji (Japanese name for ideographic characters of Chinese origin) Mode key. This key is
-    /// typically used to switch to a hiragana keyboard for the purpose of converting input into
-    /// kanji. (`KEYCODE_KANA`)
+    /// The Kanji (Japanese name for ideographic characters of Chinese origin) Mode key. This key
+    /// is typically used to switch to a hiragana keyboard for the purpose of converting input
+    /// into kanji. (`KEYCODE_KANA`)
     KanjiMode,
     /// The Katakana (Japanese Kana characters) key.
     Katakana,
@@ -1588,7 +1591,7 @@ impl Key {
     /// # Examples
     ///
     /// ```
-    /// use winit::keyboard::{NamedKey, Key};
+    /// use winit::keyboard::{Key, NamedKey};
     ///
     /// assert_eq!(Key::Character("a".into()).to_text(), Some("a"));
     /// assert_eq!(Key::Named(NamedKey::Enter).to_text(), Some("\r"));
@@ -1610,7 +1613,8 @@ impl Key {
 /// keys can be above the letters or on the numpad. This enum allows the user to differentiate
 /// them.
 ///
-/// See the documentation for the [`location`] field on the [`KeyEvent`] struct for more information.
+/// See the documentation for the [`location`] field on the [`KeyEvent`] struct for more
+/// information.
 ///
 /// [`location`]: ../event/struct.KeyEvent.html#structfield.location
 /// [`KeyEvent`]: crate::event::KeyEvent
@@ -1619,8 +1623,8 @@ impl Key {
 pub enum KeyLocation {
     /// The key is in its "normal" location on the keyboard.
     ///
-    /// For instance, the "1" key above the "Q" key on a QWERTY keyboard will use this location. This
-    /// invariant is also returned when the location of the key cannot be identified.
+    /// For instance, the "1" key above the "Q" key on a QWERTY keyboard will use this location.
+    /// This invariant is also returned when the location of the key cannot be identified.
     ///
     /// ![Standard 1 key](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/rust-windowing/winit/master/docs/res/keyboard_standard_1_key.svg)
     ///
@@ -1703,14 +1707,17 @@ impl ModifiersState {
     pub fn shift_key(&self) -> bool {
         self.intersects(Self::SHIFT)
     }
+
     /// Returns `true` if the control key is pressed.
     pub fn control_key(&self) -> bool {
         self.intersects(Self::CONTROL)
     }
+
     /// Returns `true` if the alt key is pressed.
     pub fn alt_key(&self) -> bool {
         self.intersects(Self::ALT)
     }
+
     /// Returns `true` if the super key is pressed.
     pub fn super_key(&self) -> bool {
         self.intersects(Self::SUPER)
@@ -1784,12 +1791,8 @@ mod modifiers_serde {
         where
             D: Deserializer<'de>,
         {
-            let ModifiersStateSerialize {
-                shift_key,
-                control_key,
-                alt_key,
-                super_key,
-            } = ModifiersStateSerialize::deserialize(deserializer)?;
+            let ModifiersStateSerialize { shift_key, control_key, alt_key, super_key } =
+                ModifiersStateSerialize::deserialize(deserializer)?;
             let mut m = ModifiersState::empty();
             m.set(ModifiersState::SHIFT, shift_key);
             m.set(ModifiersState::CONTROL, control_key);

src/lib.rs

@@ -7,7 +7,12 @@
 //!
 //! ```no_run
 //! use winit::event_loop::EventLoop;
-//! let event_loop = EventLoop::new().unwrap();
+//!
+//! # // Intentionally use `fn main` for clarity
+//! fn main() {
+//!     let event_loop = EventLoop::new().unwrap();
+//!     // ...
+//! }
 //! ```
 //!
 //! Then you create a [`Window`] with [`create_window`].
@@ -19,33 +24,22 @@
 //! window or a key getting pressed while the window is focused. Devices can generate
 //! [`DeviceEvent`]s, which contain unfiltered event data that isn't specific to a certain window.
 //! Some user activity, like mouse movement, can generate both a [`WindowEvent`] *and* a
-//! [`DeviceEvent`]. You can also create and handle your own custom [`Event::UserEvent`]s, if desired.
+//! [`DeviceEvent`]. You can also create and handle your own custom [`Event::UserEvent`]s, if
+//! desired.
 //!
 //! You can retrieve events by calling [`EventLoop::run_app()`]. This function will
 //! dispatch events for every [`Window`] that was created with that particular [`EventLoop`], and
 //! will run until [`exit()`] is used, at which point [`Event::LoopExiting`].
 //!
 //! Winit no longer uses a `EventLoop::poll_events() -> impl Iterator<Event>`-based event loop
-//! model, since that can't be implemented properly on some platforms (e.g web, iOS) and works poorly on
-//! most other platforms. However, this model can be re-implemented to an extent with
+//! model, since that can't be implemented properly on some platforms (e.g web, iOS) and works
+//! poorly on most other platforms. However, this model can be re-implemented to an extent with
 #![cfg_attr(
-    any(
-        windows_platform,
-        macos_platform,
-        android_platform,
-        x11_platform,
-        wayland_platform
-    ),
+    any(windows_platform, macos_platform, android_platform, x11_platform, wayland_platform),
     doc = "[`EventLoopExtPumpEvents::pump_app_events()`][platform::pump_events::EventLoopExtPumpEvents::pump_app_events()]"
 )]
 #![cfg_attr(
-    not(any(
-        windows_platform,
-        macos_platform,
-        android_platform,
-        x11_platform,
-        wayland_platform
-    )),
+    not(any(windows_platform, macos_platform, android_platform, x11_platform, wayland_platform)),
     doc = "`EventLoopExtPumpEvents::pump_app_events()`"
 )]
 //! [^1]. See that method's documentation for more reasons about why
@@ -95,19 +89,22 @@
 //!     }
 //! }
 //!
-//! let event_loop = EventLoop::new().unwrap();
+//! # // Intentionally use `fn main` for clarity
+//! fn main() {
+//!     let event_loop = EventLoop::new().unwrap();
 //!
-//! // ControlFlow::Poll continuously runs the event loop, even if the OS hasn't
-//! // dispatched any events. This is ideal for games and similar applications.
-//! event_loop.set_control_flow(ControlFlow::Poll);
+//!     // ControlFlow::Poll continuously runs the event loop, even if the OS hasn't
+//!     // dispatched any events. This is ideal for games and similar applications.
+//!     event_loop.set_control_flow(ControlFlow::Poll);
 //!
-//! // ControlFlow::Wait pauses the event loop if no events are available to process.
-//! // This is ideal for non-game applications that only update in response to user
-//! // input, and uses significantly less power/CPU time than ControlFlow::Poll.
-//! event_loop.set_control_flow(ControlFlow::Wait);
+//!     // ControlFlow::Wait pauses the event loop if no events are available to process.
+//!     // This is ideal for non-game applications that only update in response to user
+//!     // input, and uses significantly less power/CPU time than ControlFlow::Poll.
+//!     event_loop.set_control_flow(ControlFlow::Wait);
 //!
-//! let mut app = App::default();
-//! event_loop.run_app(&mut app);
+//!     let mut app = App::default();
+//!     event_loop.run_app(&mut app);
+//! }
 //! ```
 //!
 //! [`WindowEvent`] has a [`WindowId`] member. In multi-window environments, it should be
@@ -116,16 +113,16 @@
 //!
 //! # Drawing on the window
 //!
-//! Winit doesn't directly provide any methods for drawing on a [`Window`]. However, it allows you to
-//! retrieve the raw handle of the window and display (see the [`platform`] module and/or the
+//! Winit doesn't directly provide any methods for drawing on a [`Window`]. However, it allows you
+//! to retrieve the raw handle of the window and display (see the [`platform`] module and/or the
 //! [`raw_window_handle`] and [`raw_display_handle`] methods), which in turn allows
 //! you to create an OpenGL/Vulkan/DirectX/Metal/etc. context that can be used to render graphics.
 //!
 //! Note that many platforms will display garbage data in the window's client area if the
 //! application doesn't render anything to the window by the time the desktop compositor is ready to
 //! display the window to the user. If you notice this happening, you should create the window with
-//! [`visible` set to `false`][crate::window::WindowAttributes::with_visible] and explicitly make the
-//! window visible only once you're ready to render into it.
+//! [`visible` set to `false`][crate::window::WindowAttributes::with_visible] and explicitly make
+//! the window visible only once you're ready to render into it.
 //!
 //! # UI scaling
 //!
@@ -151,13 +148,11 @@
 //! Winit provides the following Cargo features:
 //!
 //! * `x11` (enabled by default): On Unix platforms, enables the X11 backend.
-//! * `wayland` (enabled by default): On Unix platforms, enables the Wayland
-//!   backend.
+//! * `wayland` (enabled by default): On Unix platforms, enables the Wayland backend.
 //! * `rwh_04`: Implement `raw-window-handle v0.4` traits.
 //! * `rwh_05`: Implement `raw-window-handle v0.5` traits.
 //! * `rwh_06`: Implement `raw-window-handle v0.6` traits.
-//! * `serde`: Enables serialization/deserialization of certain types with
-//!   [Serde](https://crates.io/crates/serde).
+//! * `serde`: Enables serialization/deserialization of certain types with [Serde](https://crates.io/crates/serde).
 //! * `mint`: Enables mint (math interoperability standard types) conversions.
 //!
 //! See the [`platform`] module for documentation on platform-specific cargo
@@ -170,7 +165,6 @@
 //! [`Window`]: window::Window
 //! [`WindowId`]: window::WindowId
 //! [`WindowAttributes`]: window::WindowAttributes
-//! [window_new]: window::Window::new
 //! [`create_window`]: event_loop::ActiveEventLoop::create_window
 //! [`Window::id()`]: window::Window::id
 //! [`WindowEvent`]: event::WindowEvent
@@ -186,14 +180,18 @@
 #![deny(clippy::all)]
 #![deny(unsafe_op_in_unsafe_fn)]
 #![cfg_attr(clippy, deny(warnings))]
-// Doc feature labels can be tested locally by running RUSTDOCFLAGS="--cfg=docsrs" cargo +nightly doc
-#![cfg_attr(
-    docsrs,
-    feature(doc_auto_cfg, doc_cfg_hide),
-    doc(cfg_hide(doc, docsrs))
-)]
+// Doc feature labels can be tested locally by running RUSTDOCFLAGS="--cfg=docsrs" cargo +nightly
+// doc
+#![cfg_attr(docsrs, feature(doc_auto_cfg, doc_cfg_hide), doc(cfg_hide(doc, docsrs)))]
 #![allow(clippy::missing_safety_doc)]
+#![warn(clippy::uninlined_format_args)]
+// TODO: wasm-binding needs to be updated for that to be resolved, for now just silence it.
+#![cfg_attr(web_platform, allow(unknown_lints, wasm_c_abi))]
 
+#[cfg(feature = "rwh_04")]
+pub use rwh_04 as raw_window_handle_04;
+#[cfg(feature = "rwh_05")]
+pub use rwh_05 as raw_window_handle_05;
 #[cfg(feature = "rwh_06")]
 pub use rwh_06 as raw_window_handle;
 

src/monitor.rs

@@ -5,10 +5,8 @@
 //! methods, which return an iterator of [`MonitorHandle`]:
 //! - [`ActiveEventLoop::available_monitors`][crate::event_loop::ActiveEventLoop::available_monitors].
 //! - [`Window::available_monitors`][crate::window::Window::available_monitors].
-use crate::{
-    dpi::{PhysicalPosition, PhysicalSize},
-    platform_impl,
-};
+use crate::dpi::{PhysicalPosition, PhysicalSize};
+use crate::platform_impl;
 
 /// Deprecated! Use `VideoModeHandle` instead.
 #[deprecated = "Renamed to `VideoModeHandle`"]
@@ -79,9 +77,7 @@ impl VideoModeHandle {
     /// a separate set of valid video modes.
     #[inline]
     pub fn monitor(&self) -> MonitorHandle {
-        MonitorHandle {
-            inner: self.video_mode.monitor(),
-        }
+        MonitorHandle { inner: self.video_mode.monitor() }
     }
 }
 
@@ -166,8 +162,6 @@ impl MonitorHandle {
     /// - **Web:** Always returns an empty iterator
     #[inline]
     pub fn video_modes(&self) -> impl Iterator<Item = VideoModeHandle> {
-        self.inner
-            .video_modes()
-            .map(|video_mode| VideoModeHandle { video_mode })
+        self.inner.video_modes().map(|video_mode| VideoModeHandle { video_mode })
     }
 }

src/platform/android.rs

@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@
 //!
 //! | winit |       ndk-glue               |
 //! | :---: | :--------------------------: |
+//! | 0.30  | `android-activity = "0.6"`   |
 //! | 0.29  | `android-activity = "0.5"`   |
 //! | 0.28  | `android-activity = "0.4"`   |
 //! | 0.27  | `ndk-glue = "0.7"`           |
@@ -58,26 +59,39 @@
 //!
 //! ## Converting from `ndk-glue` to `android-activity`
 //!
-//! If your application is currently based on `NativeActivity` via the `ndk-glue` crate and building with `cargo apk`, then the minimal changes would be:
+//! If your application is currently based on `NativeActivity` via the `ndk-glue` crate and building
+//! with `cargo apk`, then the minimal changes would be:
 //! 1. Remove `ndk-glue` from your `Cargo.toml`
-//! 2. Enable the `"android-native-activity"` feature for Winit: `winit = { version = "0.29.15", features = [ "android-native-activity" ] }`
-//! 3. Add an `android_main` entrypoint (as above), instead of using the '`[ndk_glue::main]` proc macro from `ndk-macros` (optionally add a dependency on `android_logger` and initialize logging as above).
-//! 4. Pass a clone of the `AndroidApp` that your application receives to Winit when building your event loop (as shown above).
+//! 2. Enable the `"android-native-activity"` feature for Winit: `winit = { version = "0.30.10",
+//!    features = [ "android-native-activity" ] }`
+//! 3. Add an `android_main` entrypoint (as above), instead of using the '`[ndk_glue::main]` proc
+//!    macro from `ndk-macros` (optionally add a dependency on `android_logger` and initialize
+//!    logging as above).
+//! 4. Pass a clone of the `AndroidApp` that your application receives to Winit when building your
+//!    event loop (as shown above).
 
-use crate::{
-    event_loop::{ActiveEventLoop, EventLoop, EventLoopBuilder},
-    window::{Window, WindowAttributes},
-};
+use crate::event_loop::{ActiveEventLoop, EventLoop, EventLoopBuilder};
+use crate::window::{Window, WindowAttributes};
 
 use self::activity::{AndroidApp, ConfigurationRef, Rect};
 
 /// Additional methods on [`EventLoop`] that are specific to Android.
-pub trait EventLoopExtAndroid {}
+pub trait EventLoopExtAndroid {
+    /// Get the [`AndroidApp`] which was used to create this event loop.
+    fn android_app(&self) -> &AndroidApp;
+}
 
-impl<T> EventLoopExtAndroid for EventLoop<T> {}
+impl<T> EventLoopExtAndroid for EventLoop<T> {
+    fn android_app(&self) -> &AndroidApp {
+        &self.event_loop.android_app
+    }
+}
 
 /// Additional methods on [`ActiveEventLoop`] that are specific to Android.
-pub trait ActiveEventLoopExtAndroid {}
+pub trait ActiveEventLoopExtAndroid {
+    /// Get the [`AndroidApp`] which was used to create this event loop.
+    fn android_app(&self) -> &AndroidApp;
+}
 
 /// Additional methods on [`Window`] that are specific to Android.
 pub trait WindowExtAndroid {
@@ -96,7 +110,11 @@ impl WindowExtAndroid for Window {
     }
 }
 
-impl ActiveEventLoopExtAndroid for ActiveEventLoop {}
+impl ActiveEventLoopExtAndroid for ActiveEventLoop {
+    fn android_app(&self) -> &AndroidApp {
+        &self.p.app
+    }
+}
 
 /// Additional methods on [`WindowAttributes`] that are specific to Android.
 pub trait WindowAttributesExtAndroid {}
@@ -104,9 +122,9 @@ pub trait WindowAttributesExtAndroid {}
 impl WindowAttributesExtAndroid for WindowAttributes {}
 
 pub trait EventLoopBuilderExtAndroid {
-    /// Associates the `AndroidApp` that was passed to `android_main()` with the event loop
+    /// Associates the [`AndroidApp`] that was passed to `android_main()` with the event loop
     ///
-    /// This must be called on Android since the `AndroidApp` is not global state.
+    /// This must be called on Android since the [`AndroidApp`] is not global state.
     fn with_android_app(&mut self, app: AndroidApp) -> &mut Self;
 
     /// Calling this will mark the volume keys to be manually handled by the application
@@ -143,10 +161,10 @@ impl<T> EventLoopBuilderExtAndroid for EventLoopBuilder<T> {
 /// depending on the `android_activity` crate, and instead consume the API that
 /// is re-exported by Winit.
 ///
-/// For compatibility applications should then import the `AndroidApp` type for
+/// For compatibility applications should then import the [`AndroidApp`] type for
 /// their `android_main(app: AndroidApp)` function like:
 /// ```rust
-/// #[cfg(target_os="android")]
+/// #[cfg(target_os = "android")]
 /// use winit::platform::android::activity::AndroidApp;
 /// ```
 pub mod activity {

src/platform/ios.rs

@@ -3,11 +3,14 @@
 //! Winit has an OS requirement of iOS 8 or higher, and is regularly tested on
 //! iOS 9.3.
 //!
+//! ## Window initialization
+//!
 //! iOS's main `UIApplicationMain` does some init work that's required by all
 //! UI-related code (see issue [#1705]). It is best to create your windows
-//! inside `Event::Resumed`.
+//! inside [`ApplicationHandler::resumed`].
 //!
 //! [#1705]: https://github.com/rust-windowing/winit/issues/1705
+//! [`ApplicationHandler::resumed`]: crate::application::ApplicationHandler::resumed
 //!
 //! ## Building app
 //!
@@ -63,14 +66,22 @@
 //! opengl will result in segfault.
 //!
 //! Also note that app may not receive the LoopExiting event if suspended; it might be SIGKILL'ed.
+//!
+//! ## Custom `UIApplicationDelegate`
+//!
+//! Winit usually handles everything related to the lifecycle events of the application. Sometimes,
+//! though, you might want to access some of the more niche stuff that [the application
+//! delegate][app-delegate] provides. This functionality is not exposed directly in Winit, since it
+//! would increase the API surface by quite a lot. Instead, Winit guarantees that it will not
+//! register an application delegate, so you can set up a custom one in a nib file instead.
+//!
+//! [app-delegate]: https://developer.apple.com/documentation/uikit/uiapplicationdelegate?language=objc
 
 use std::os::raw::c_void;
 
-use crate::{
-    event_loop::EventLoop,
-    monitor::{MonitorHandle, VideoModeHandle},
-    window::{Window, WindowAttributes},
-};
+use crate::event_loop::EventLoop;
+use crate::monitor::{MonitorHandle, VideoModeHandle};
+use crate::window::{Window, WindowAttributes};
 
 /// Additional methods on [`EventLoop`] that are specific to iOS.
 pub trait EventLoopExtIOS {
@@ -157,6 +168,21 @@ pub trait WindowExtIOS {
     /// The default is to not recognize gestures.
     fn recognize_pinch_gesture(&self, should_recognize: bool);
 
+    /// Sets whether the [`Window`] should recognize pan gestures.
+    ///
+    /// The default is to not recognize gestures.
+    /// Installs [`UIPanGestureRecognizer`](https://developer.apple.com/documentation/uikit/uipangesturerecognizer) onto view
+    ///
+    /// Set the minimum number of touches required: [`minimumNumberOfTouches`](https://developer.apple.com/documentation/uikit/uipangesturerecognizer/1621208-minimumnumberoftouches)
+    ///
+    /// Set the maximum number of touches recognized: [`maximumNumberOfTouches`](https://developer.apple.com/documentation/uikit/uipangesturerecognizer/1621208-maximumnumberoftouches)
+    fn recognize_pan_gesture(
+        &self,
+        should_recognize: bool,
+        minimum_number_of_touches: u8,
+        maximum_number_of_touches: u8,
+    );
+
     /// Sets whether the [`Window`] should recognize double tap gestures.
     ///
     /// The default is to not recognize gestures.
@@ -171,20 +197,17 @@ pub trait WindowExtIOS {
 impl WindowExtIOS for Window {
     #[inline]
     fn set_scale_factor(&self, scale_factor: f64) {
-        self.window
-            .maybe_queue_on_main(move |w| w.set_scale_factor(scale_factor))
+        self.window.maybe_queue_on_main(move |w| w.set_scale_factor(scale_factor))
     }
 
     #[inline]
     fn set_valid_orientations(&self, valid_orientations: ValidOrientations) {
-        self.window
-            .maybe_queue_on_main(move |w| w.set_valid_orientations(valid_orientations))
+        self.window.maybe_queue_on_main(move |w| w.set_valid_orientations(valid_orientations))
     }
 
     #[inline]
     fn set_prefers_home_indicator_hidden(&self, hidden: bool) {
-        self.window
-            .maybe_queue_on_main(move |w| w.set_prefers_home_indicator_hidden(hidden))
+        self.window.maybe_queue_on_main(move |w| w.set_prefers_home_indicator_hidden(hidden))
     }
 
     #[inline]
@@ -196,32 +219,43 @@ impl WindowExtIOS for Window {
 
     #[inline]
     fn set_prefers_status_bar_hidden(&self, hidden: bool) {
-        self.window
-            .maybe_queue_on_main(move |w| w.set_prefers_status_bar_hidden(hidden))
+        self.window.maybe_queue_on_main(move |w| w.set_prefers_status_bar_hidden(hidden))
     }
 
     #[inline]
     fn set_preferred_status_bar_style(&self, status_bar_style: StatusBarStyle) {
-        self.window
-            .maybe_queue_on_main(move |w| w.set_preferred_status_bar_style(status_bar_style))
+        self.window.maybe_queue_on_main(move |w| w.set_preferred_status_bar_style(status_bar_style))
     }
 
     #[inline]
     fn recognize_pinch_gesture(&self, should_recognize: bool) {
-        self.window
-            .maybe_queue_on_main(move |w| w.recognize_pinch_gesture(should_recognize));
+        self.window.maybe_queue_on_main(move |w| w.recognize_pinch_gesture(should_recognize));
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn recognize_pan_gesture(
+        &self,
+        should_recognize: bool,
+        minimum_number_of_touches: u8,
+        maximum_number_of_touches: u8,
+    ) {
+        self.window.maybe_queue_on_main(move |w| {
+            w.recognize_pan_gesture(
+                should_recognize,
+                minimum_number_of_touches,
+                maximum_number_of_touches,
+            )
+        });
     }
 
     #[inline]
     fn recognize_doubletap_gesture(&self, should_recognize: bool) {
-        self.window
-            .maybe_queue_on_main(move |w| w.recognize_doubletap_gesture(should_recognize));
+        self.window.maybe_queue_on_main(move |w| w.recognize_doubletap_gesture(should_recognize));
     }
 
     #[inline]
     fn recognize_rotation_gesture(&self, should_recognize: bool) {
-        self.window
-            .maybe_queue_on_main(move |w| w.recognize_rotation_gesture(should_recognize));
+        self.window.maybe_queue_on_main(move |w| w.recognize_rotation_gesture(should_recognize));
     }
 }
 
@@ -301,8 +335,7 @@ impl WindowAttributesExtIOS for WindowAttributes {
 
     #[inline]
     fn with_preferred_screen_edges_deferring_system_gestures(mut self, edges: ScreenEdge) -> Self {
-        self.platform_specific
-            .preferred_screen_edges_deferring_system_gestures = edges;
+        self.platform_specific.preferred_screen_edges_deferring_system_gestures = edges;
         self
     }
 
@@ -336,15 +369,13 @@ impl MonitorHandleExtIOS for MonitorHandle {
     #[inline]
     fn ui_screen(&self) -> *mut c_void {
         // SAFETY: The marker is only used to get the pointer of the screen
-        let mtm = unsafe { icrate::Foundation::MainThreadMarker::new_unchecked() };
-        objc2::rc::Id::as_ptr(self.inner.ui_screen(mtm)) as *mut c_void
+        let mtm = unsafe { objc2_foundation::MainThreadMarker::new_unchecked() };
+        objc2::rc::Retained::as_ptr(self.inner.ui_screen(mtm)) as *mut c_void
     }
 
     #[inline]
     fn preferred_video_mode(&self) -> VideoModeHandle {
-        VideoModeHandle {
-            video_mode: self.inner.preferred_video_mode(),
-        }
+        VideoModeHandle { video_mode: self.inner.preferred_video_mode() }
     }
 }
 

src/platform/macos.rs

@@ -3,27 +3,93 @@
 //! Winit has an OS requirement of macOS 10.11 or higher (same as Rust
 //! itself), and is regularly tested on macOS 10.14.
 //!
+//! ## Window initialization
+//!
 //! A lot of functionality expects the application to be ready before you
 //! start doing anything; this includes creating windows, fetching monitors,
 //! drawing, and so on, see issues [#2238], [#2051] and [#2087].
 //!
 //! If you encounter problems, you should try doing your initialization inside
-//! `Event::Resumed`.
+//! [`ApplicationHandler::resumed`].
 //!
 //! [#2238]: https://github.com/rust-windowing/winit/issues/2238
 //! [#2051]: https://github.com/rust-windowing/winit/issues/2051
 //! [#2087]: https://github.com/rust-windowing/winit/issues/2087
+//! [`ApplicationHandler::resumed`]: crate::application::ApplicationHandler::resumed
+//!
+//! ## Custom `NSApplicationDelegate`
+//!
+//! Winit usually handles everything related to the lifecycle events of the application. Sometimes,
+//! though, you might want to do more niche stuff, such as [handle when the user re-activates the
+//! application][reopen]. Such functionality is not exposed directly in Winit, since it would
+//! increase the API surface by quite a lot.
+//!
+//! [reopen]: https://developer.apple.com/documentation/appkit/nsapplicationdelegate/1428638-applicationshouldhandlereopen?language=objc
+//!
+//! Instead, Winit guarantees that it will not register an application delegate, so the solution is
+//! to register your own application delegate, as outlined in the following example (see
+//! `objc2-app-kit` for more detailed information).
+#![cfg_attr(target_os = "macos", doc = "```")]
+#![cfg_attr(not(target_os = "macos"), doc = "```ignore")]
+//! use objc2::rc::Retained;
+//! use objc2::runtime::ProtocolObject;
+//! use objc2::{declare_class, msg_send_id, mutability, ClassType, DeclaredClass};
+//! use objc2_app_kit::{NSApplication, NSApplicationDelegate};
+//! use objc2_foundation::{NSArray, NSURL, MainThreadMarker, NSObject, NSObjectProtocol};
+//! use winit::event_loop::EventLoop;
+//!
+//! declare_class!(
+//!     struct AppDelegate;
+//!
+//!     unsafe impl ClassType for AppDelegate {
+//!         type Super = NSObject;
+//!         type Mutability = mutability::MainThreadOnly;
+//!         const NAME: &'static str = "MyAppDelegate";
+//!     }
+//!
+//!     impl DeclaredClass for AppDelegate {}
+//!
+//!     unsafe impl NSObjectProtocol for AppDelegate {}
+//!
+//!     unsafe impl NSApplicationDelegate for AppDelegate {
+//!         #[method(application:openURLs:)]
+//!         fn application_openURLs(&self, application: &NSApplication, urls: &NSArray<NSURL>) {
+//!             // Note: To specifically get `application:openURLs:` to work, you _might_
+//!             // have to bundle your application. This is not done in this example.
+//!             println!("open urls: {application:?}, {urls:?}");
+//!         }
+//!     }
+//! );
+//!
+//! impl AppDelegate {
+//!     fn new(mtm: MainThreadMarker) -> Retained<Self> {
+//!         unsafe { msg_send_id![super(mtm.alloc().set_ivars(())), init] }
+//!     }
+//! }
+//!
+//! fn main() -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
+//!     let event_loop = EventLoop::new()?;
+//!
+//!     let mtm = MainThreadMarker::new().unwrap();
+//!     let delegate = AppDelegate::new(mtm);
+//!     // Important: Call `sharedApplication` after `EventLoop::new`,
+//!     // doing it before is not yet supported.
+//!     let app = NSApplication::sharedApplication(mtm);
+//!     app.setDelegate(Some(ProtocolObject::from_ref(&*delegate)));
+//!
+//!     // event_loop.run_app(&mut my_app);
+//!     Ok(())
+//! }
+//! ```
 
 use std::os::raw::c_void;
 
 #[cfg(feature = "serde")]
 use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
 
-use crate::{
-    event_loop::{ActiveEventLoop, EventLoopBuilder},
-    monitor::MonitorHandle,
-    window::{Window, WindowAttributes},
-};
+use crate::event_loop::{ActiveEventLoop, EventLoopBuilder};
+use crate::monitor::MonitorHandle;
+use crate::window::{Window, WindowAttributes};
 
 /// Additional methods on [`Window`] that are specific to MacOS.
 pub trait WindowExtMacOS {
@@ -96,6 +162,14 @@ pub trait WindowExtMacOS {
 
     /// Getter for the [`WindowExtMacOS::set_option_as_alt`].
     fn option_as_alt(&self) -> OptionAsAlt;
+
+    /// Disable the Menu Bar and Dock in Simple or Borderless Fullscreen mode. Useful for games.
+    /// The effect is applied when [`WindowExtMacOS::set_simple_fullscreen`] or
+    /// [`Window::set_fullscreen`] is called.
+    fn set_borderless_game(&self, borderless_game: bool);
+
+    /// Getter for the [`WindowExtMacOS::set_borderless_game`].
+    fn is_borderless_game(&self) -> bool;
 }
 
 impl WindowExtMacOS for Window {
@@ -106,8 +180,7 @@ impl WindowExtMacOS for Window {
 
     #[inline]
     fn set_simple_fullscreen(&self, fullscreen: bool) -> bool {
-        self.window
-            .maybe_wait_on_main(move |w| w.set_simple_fullscreen(fullscreen))
+        self.window.maybe_wait_on_main(move |w| w.set_simple_fullscreen(fullscreen))
     }
 
     #[inline]
@@ -117,14 +190,12 @@ impl WindowExtMacOS for Window {
 
     #[inline]
     fn set_has_shadow(&self, has_shadow: bool) {
-        self.window
-            .maybe_queue_on_main(move |w| w.set_has_shadow(has_shadow))
+        self.window.maybe_queue_on_main(move |w| w.set_has_shadow(has_shadow))
     }
 
     #[inline]
     fn set_tabbing_identifier(&self, identifier: &str) {
-        self.window
-            .maybe_wait_on_main(|w| w.set_tabbing_identifier(identifier))
+        self.window.maybe_wait_on_main(|w| w.set_tabbing_identifier(identifier))
     }
 
     #[inline]
@@ -144,8 +215,7 @@ impl WindowExtMacOS for Window {
 
     #[inline]
     fn select_tab_at_index(&self, index: usize) {
-        self.window
-            .maybe_queue_on_main(move |w| w.select_tab_at_index(index))
+        self.window.maybe_queue_on_main(move |w| w.select_tab_at_index(index))
     }
 
     #[inline]
@@ -160,20 +230,28 @@ impl WindowExtMacOS for Window {
 
     #[inline]
     fn set_document_edited(&self, edited: bool) {
-        self.window
-            .maybe_queue_on_main(move |w| w.set_document_edited(edited))
+        self.window.maybe_queue_on_main(move |w| w.set_document_edited(edited))
     }
 
     #[inline]
     fn set_option_as_alt(&self, option_as_alt: OptionAsAlt) {
-        self.window
-            .maybe_queue_on_main(move |w| w.set_option_as_alt(option_as_alt))
+        self.window.maybe_queue_on_main(move |w| w.set_option_as_alt(option_as_alt))
     }
 
     #[inline]
     fn option_as_alt(&self) -> OptionAsAlt {
         self.window.maybe_wait_on_main(|w| w.option_as_alt())
     }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn set_borderless_game(&self, borderless_game: bool) {
+        self.window.maybe_wait_on_main(|w| w.set_borderless_game(borderless_game))
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn is_borderless_game(&self) -> bool {
+        self.window.maybe_wait_on_main(|w| w.is_borderless_game())
+    }
 }
 
 /// Corresponds to `NSApplicationActivationPolicy`.
@@ -192,7 +270,8 @@ pub enum ActivationPolicy {
 
 /// Additional methods on [`WindowAttributes`] that are specific to MacOS.
 ///
-/// **Note:** Properties dealing with the titlebar will be overwritten by the [`WindowAttributes::with_decorations`] method:
+/// **Note:** Properties dealing with the titlebar will be overwritten by the
+/// [`WindowAttributes::with_decorations`] method:
 /// - `with_titlebar_transparent`
 /// - `with_title_hidden`
 /// - `with_titlebar_hidden`
@@ -223,6 +302,8 @@ pub trait WindowAttributesExtMacOS {
     ///
     /// See [`WindowExtMacOS::set_option_as_alt`] for details on what this means if set.
     fn with_option_as_alt(self, option_as_alt: OptionAsAlt) -> Self;
+    /// See [`WindowExtMacOS::set_borderless_game`] for details on what this means if set.
+    fn with_borderless_game(self, borderless_game: bool) -> Self;
 }
 
 impl WindowAttributesExtMacOS for WindowAttributes {
@@ -282,9 +363,7 @@ impl WindowAttributesExtMacOS for WindowAttributes {
 
     #[inline]
     fn with_tabbing_identifier(mut self, tabbing_identifier: &str) -> Self {
-        self.platform_specific
-            .tabbing_identifier
-            .replace(tabbing_identifier.to_string());
+        self.platform_specific.tabbing_identifier.replace(tabbing_identifier.to_string());
         self
     }
 
@@ -293,12 +372,21 @@ impl WindowAttributesExtMacOS for WindowAttributes {
         self.platform_specific.option_as_alt = option_as_alt;
         self
     }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn with_borderless_game(mut self, borderless_game: bool) -> Self {
+        self.platform_specific.borderless_game = borderless_game;
+        self
+    }
 }
 
 pub trait EventLoopBuilderExtMacOS {
-    /// Sets the activation policy for the application.
+    /// Sets the activation policy for the application. If used, this will override
+    /// any relevant settings provided in the package manifest.
+    /// For instance, `with_activation_policy(ActivationPolicy::Regular)` will prevent
+    /// the application from running as an "agent", even if LSUIElement is set to true.
     ///
-    /// It is set to [`ActivationPolicy::Regular`] by default.
+    /// If unused, the Winit will honor the package manifest.
     ///
     /// # Example
     ///
@@ -307,7 +395,7 @@ pub trait EventLoopBuilderExtMacOS {
     /// ```
     /// use winit::event_loop::EventLoopBuilder;
     /// #[cfg(target_os = "macos")]
-    /// use winit::platform::macos::{EventLoopBuilderExtMacOS, ActivationPolicy};
+    /// use winit::platform::macos::{ActivationPolicy, EventLoopBuilderExtMacOS};
     ///
     /// let mut builder = EventLoopBuilder::new();
     /// #[cfg(target_os = "macos")]
@@ -350,7 +438,7 @@ pub trait EventLoopBuilderExtMacOS {
 impl<T> EventLoopBuilderExtMacOS for EventLoopBuilder<T> {
     #[inline]
     fn with_activation_policy(&mut self, activation_policy: ActivationPolicy) -> &mut Self {
-        self.platform_specific.activation_policy = activation_policy;
+        self.platform_specific.activation_policy = Some(activation_policy);
         self
     }
 
@@ -383,18 +471,18 @@ impl MonitorHandleExtMacOS for MonitorHandle {
 
     fn ns_screen(&self) -> Option<*mut c_void> {
         // SAFETY: We only use the marker to get a pointer
-        let mtm = unsafe { icrate::Foundation::MainThreadMarker::new_unchecked() };
-        self.inner
-            .ns_screen(mtm)
-            .map(|s| objc2::rc::Id::as_ptr(&s) as _)
+        let mtm = unsafe { objc2_foundation::MainThreadMarker::new_unchecked() };
+        self.inner.ns_screen(mtm).map(|s| objc2::rc::Retained::as_ptr(&s) as _)
     }
 }
 
 /// Additional methods on [`ActiveEventLoop`] that are specific to macOS.
 pub trait ActiveEventLoopExtMacOS {
-    /// Hide the entire application. In most applications this is typically triggered with Command-H.
+    /// Hide the entire application. In most applications this is typically triggered with
+    /// Command-H.
     fn hide_application(&self);
-    /// Hide the other applications. In most applications this is typically triggered with Command+Option-H.
+    /// Hide the other applications. In most applications this is typically triggered with
+    /// Command+Option-H.
     fn hide_other_applications(&self);
     /// Set whether the system can automatically organize windows into tabs.
     ///

src/platform/mod.rs

@@ -51,11 +51,5 @@ pub mod pump_events;
 ))]
 pub mod modifier_supplement;
 
-#[cfg(any(
-    windows_platform,
-    macos_platform,
-    x11_platform,
-    wayland_platform,
-    docsrs
-))]
+#[cfg(any(windows_platform, macos_platform, x11_platform, wayland_platform, docsrs))]
 pub mod scancode;

src/platform/modifier_supplement.rs

@@ -25,10 +25,7 @@ pub trait KeyEventExtModifierSupplement {
 impl KeyEventExtModifierSupplement for KeyEvent {
     #[inline]
     fn text_with_all_modifiers(&self) -> Option<&str> {
-        self.platform_specific
-            .text_with_all_modifiers
-            .as_ref()
-            .map(|s| s.as_str())
+        self.platform_specific.text_with_all_modifiers.as_ref().map(|s| s.as_str())
     }
 
     #[inline]

src/platform/pump_events.rs

@@ -51,19 +51,19 @@ pub trait EventLoopExtPumpEvents {
     /// buffered and handled outside of Winit include:
     /// - `RedrawRequested` events, used to schedule rendering.
     ///
-    ///     macOS for example uses a `drawRect` callback to drive rendering
-    /// within applications and expects rendering to be finished before
-    /// the `drawRect` callback returns.
+    ///   macOS for example uses a `drawRect` callback to drive rendering
+    ///   within applications and expects rendering to be finished before
+    ///   the `drawRect` callback returns.
     ///
-    ///     For portability it's strongly recommended that applications should
-    /// keep their rendering inside the closure provided to Winit.
+    ///   For portability it's strongly recommended that applications should
+    ///   keep their rendering inside the closure provided to Winit.
     /// - Any lifecycle events, such as `Suspended` / `Resumed`.
     ///
-    ///     The handling of these events needs to be synchronized with the
-    /// operating system and it would never be appropriate to buffer a
-    /// notification that your application has been suspended or resumed and
-    /// then handled that later since there would always be a chance that
-    /// other lifecycle events occur while the event is buffered.
+    ///   The handling of these events needs to be synchronized with the
+    ///   operating system and it would never be appropriate to buffer a
+    ///   notification that your application has been suspended or resumed and
+    ///   then handled that later since there would always be a chance that
+    ///   other lifecycle events occur while the event is buffered.
     ///
     /// ## Supported Platforms
     ///
@@ -74,22 +74,21 @@ pub trait EventLoopExtPumpEvents {
     ///
     /// ## Unsupported Platforms
     ///
-    /// - **Web:**  This API is fundamentally incompatible with the event-based way in which
-    /// Web browsers work because it's not possible to have a long-running external
-    /// loop that would block the browser and there is nothing that can be
-    /// polled to ask for new new events. Events are delivered via callbacks based
-    /// on an event loop that is internal to the browser itself.
+    /// - **Web:**  This API is fundamentally incompatible with the event-based way in which Web
+    ///   browsers work because it's not possible to have a long-running external loop that would
+    ///   block the browser and there is nothing that can be polled to ask for new new events.
+    ///   Events are delivered via callbacks based on an event loop that is internal to the browser
+    ///   itself.
     /// - **iOS:** It's not possible to stop and start an `NSApplication` repeatedly on iOS so
-    /// there's no way to support the same approach to polling as on MacOS.
+    ///   there's no way to support the same approach to polling as on MacOS.
     ///
     /// ## Platform-specific
     ///
-    /// - **Windows**: The implementation will use `PeekMessage` when checking for
-    ///   window messages to avoid blocking your external event loop.
+    /// - **Windows**: The implementation will use `PeekMessage` when checking for window messages
+    ///   to avoid blocking your external event loop.
     ///
-    /// - **MacOS**: The implementation works in terms of stopping the global application
-    ///   whenever the application `RunLoop` indicates that it is preparing to block
-    ///   and wait for new events.
+    /// - **MacOS**: The implementation works in terms of stopping the global application whenever
+    ///   the application `RunLoop` indicates that it is preparing to block and wait for new events.
     ///
     ///   This is very different to the polling APIs that are available on other
     ///   platforms (the lower level polling primitives on MacOS are private

src/platform/run_on_demand.rs

@@ -21,8 +21,8 @@ pub trait EventLoopExtRunOnDemand {
 
     /// Run the application with the event loop on the calling thread.
     ///
-    /// Unlike [`EventLoop::run_app`], this function accepts non-`'static` (i.e. non-`move`) closures
-    /// and it is possible to return control back to the caller without
+    /// Unlike [`EventLoop::run_app`], this function accepts non-`'static` (i.e. non-`move`)
+    /// closures and it is possible to return control back to the caller without
     /// consuming the `EventLoop` (by using [`exit()`]) and
     /// so the event loop can be re-run after it has exit.
     ///
@@ -42,7 +42,9 @@ pub trait EventLoopExtRunOnDemand {
     /// # Caveats
     /// - This extension isn't available on all platforms, since it's not always possible to return
     ///   to the caller (specifically this is impossible on iOS and Web - though with the Web
-    ///   backend it is possible to use `EventLoopExtWebSys::spawn()`[^1] more than once instead).
+    ///   backend it is possible to use `EventLoopExtWebSys::spawn()`
+    #[cfg_attr(not(web_platform), doc = "[^1]")]
+    ///   more than once instead).
     /// - No [`Window`] state can be carried between separate runs of the event loop.
     ///
     /// You are strongly encouraged to use [`EventLoop::run_app()`] for portability, unless you
@@ -55,18 +57,14 @@ pub trait EventLoopExtRunOnDemand {
     /// - Android
     ///
     /// # Unsupported Platforms
-    /// - **Web:**  This API is fundamentally incompatible with the event-based way in which
-    ///   Web browsers work because it's not possible to have a long-running external
-    ///   loop that would block the browser and there is nothing that can be
-    ///   polled to ask for new events. Events are delivered via callbacks based
-    ///   on an event loop that is internal to the browser itself.
+    /// - **Web:**  This API is fundamentally incompatible with the event-based way in which Web
+    ///   browsers work because it's not possible to have a long-running external loop that would
+    ///   block the browser and there is nothing that can be polled to ask for new events. Events
+    ///   are delivered via callbacks based on an event loop that is internal to the browser itself.
     /// - **iOS:** It's not possible to stop and start an `UIApplication` repeatedly on iOS.
+    #[cfg_attr(not(web_platform), doc = "[^1]: `spawn()` is only available on `wasm` platforms.")]
     ///
-    #[cfg_attr(
-        not(web_platform),
-        doc = "[^1]: `spawn()` is only available on `wasm` platforms."
-    )]
-    ///
+    #[rustfmt::skip]
     /// [`exit()`]: ActiveEventLoop::exit()
     /// [`set_control_flow()`]: ActiveEventLoop::set_control_flow()
     fn run_app_on_demand<A: ApplicationHandler<Self::UserEvent>>(

src/platform/scancode.rs

@@ -2,8 +2,8 @@ use crate::keyboard::{KeyCode, PhysicalKey};
 
 // TODO: Describe what this value contains for each platform
 
-/// Additional methods for the [`PhysicalKey`] type that allow the user to access the platform-specific
-/// scancode.
+/// Additional methods for the [`PhysicalKey`] type that allow the user to access the
+/// platform-specific scancode.
 ///
 /// [`PhysicalKey`]: crate::keyboard::PhysicalKey
 pub trait PhysicalKeyExtScancode {
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ pub trait PhysicalKeyExtScancode {
     ///
     /// ## Platform-specific
     /// - **Wayland/X11**: A 32-bit linux scancode. When building from X11/Wayland keycode subtract
-    ///                    `8` to get the value you wanted.
+    ///   `8` to get the value you wanted.
     fn from_scancode(scancode: u32) -> PhysicalKey;
 }
 

src/platform/startup_notify.rs

@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ impl EventLoopExtStartupNotify for ActiveEventLoop {
             crate::platform_impl::ActiveEventLoop::X(_) => env::var(X11_VAR),
         }
         .ok()
-        .map(ActivationToken::_new)
+        .map(ActivationToken::from_raw)
     }
 }
 
@@ -94,6 +94,6 @@ pub fn reset_activation_token_env() {
 ///
 /// This could be used before running daemon processes.
 pub fn set_activation_token_env(token: ActivationToken) {
-    env::set_var(X11_VAR, &token._token);
-    env::set_var(WAYLAND_VAR, token._token);
+    env::set_var(X11_VAR, &token.token);
+    env::set_var(WAYLAND_VAR, token.token);
 }

src/platform/wayland.rs

@@ -13,11 +13,13 @@
 //! * `wayland-csd-adwaita` (default).
 //! * `wayland-csd-adwaita-crossfont`.
 //! * `wayland-csd-adwaita-notitle`.
-use crate::{
-    event_loop::{ActiveEventLoop, EventLoopBuilder},
-    monitor::MonitorHandle,
-    window::{Window, WindowAttributes},
-};
+
+use std::ffi::c_void;
+use std::ptr::NonNull;
+
+use crate::event_loop::{ActiveEventLoop, EventLoop, EventLoopBuilder};
+use crate::monitor::MonitorHandle;
+use crate::window::{Window, WindowAttributes};
 
 pub use crate::window::Theme;
 
@@ -34,6 +36,19 @@ impl ActiveEventLoopExtWayland for ActiveEventLoop {
     }
 }
 
+/// Additional methods on [`EventLoop`] that are specific to Wayland.
+pub trait EventLoopExtWayland {
+    /// True if the [`EventLoop`] uses Wayland.
+    fn is_wayland(&self) -> bool;
+}
+
+impl<T: 'static> EventLoopExtWayland for EventLoop<T> {
+    #[inline]
+    fn is_wayland(&self) -> bool {
+        self.event_loop.is_wayland()
+    }
+}
+
 /// Additional methods on [`EventLoopBuilder`] that are specific to Wayland.
 pub trait EventLoopBuilderExtWayland {
     /// Force using Wayland.
@@ -61,9 +76,25 @@ impl<T> EventLoopBuilderExtWayland for EventLoopBuilder<T> {
 }
 
 /// Additional methods on [`Window`] that are specific to Wayland.
-pub trait WindowExtWayland {}
+///
+/// [`Window`]: crate::window::Window
+pub trait WindowExtWayland {
+    /// Returns `xdg_toplevel` of the window or [`None`] if the window is X11 window.
+    fn xdg_toplevel(&self) -> Option<NonNull<c_void>>;
+}
 
-impl WindowExtWayland for Window {}
+impl WindowExtWayland for Window {
+    #[inline]
+    fn xdg_toplevel(&self) -> Option<NonNull<c_void>> {
+        #[allow(clippy::single_match)]
+        match &self.window {
+            #[cfg(x11_platform)]
+            crate::platform_impl::Window::X(_) => None,
+            #[cfg(wayland_platform)]
+            crate::platform_impl::Window::Wayland(window) => window.xdg_toplevel(),
+        }
+    }
+}
 
 /// Additional methods on [`WindowAttributes`] that are specific to Wayland.
 pub trait WindowAttributesExtWayland {
@@ -80,10 +111,8 @@ pub trait WindowAttributesExtWayland {
 impl WindowAttributesExtWayland for WindowAttributes {
     #[inline]
     fn with_name(mut self, general: impl Into<String>, instance: impl Into<String>) -> Self {
-        self.platform_specific.name = Some(crate::platform_impl::ApplicationName::new(
-            general.into(),
-            instance.into(),
-        ));
+        self.platform_specific.name =
+            Some(crate::platform_impl::ApplicationName::new(general.into(), instance.into()));
         self
     }
 }

src/platform/web.rs

@@ -30,8 +30,8 @@
 //! The following APIs can't take them into account and will therefore provide inaccurate results:
 //! - [`WindowEvent::Resized`] and [`Window::(set_)inner_size()`]
 //! - [`WindowEvent::Occluded`]
-//! - [`WindowEvent::CursorMoved`], [`WindowEvent::CursorEntered`], [`WindowEvent::CursorLeft`],
-//!   and [`WindowEvent::Touch`].
+//! - [`WindowEvent::CursorMoved`], [`WindowEvent::CursorEntered`], [`WindowEvent::CursorLeft`], and
+//!   [`WindowEvent::Touch`].
 //! - [`Window::set_outer_position()`]
 //!
 //! [`WindowEvent::Resized`]: crate::event::WindowEvent::Resized
@@ -109,11 +109,7 @@ pub trait WindowAttributesExtWebSys {
     /// In any case, the canvas won't be automatically inserted into the web page.
     ///
     /// [`None`] by default.
-    #[cfg_attr(
-        not(web_platform),
-        doc = "",
-        doc = "[`HtmlCanvasElement`]: #only-available-on-wasm"
-    )]
+    #[cfg_attr(not(web_platform), doc = "", doc = "[`HtmlCanvasElement`]: #only-available-on-wasm")]
     fn with_canvas(self, canvas: Option<HtmlCanvasElement>) -> Self;
 
     /// Sets whether `event.preventDefault()` should be called on events on the
@@ -166,10 +162,7 @@ pub trait EventLoopExtWebSys {
     /// Initializes the winit event loop.
     ///
     /// Unlike
-    #[cfg_attr(
-        all(web_platform, target_feature = "exception-handling"),
-        doc = "`run_app()`"
-    )]
+    #[cfg_attr(all(web_platform, target_feature = "exception-handling"), doc = "`run_app()`")]
     #[cfg_attr(
         not(all(web_platform, target_feature = "exception-handling")),
         doc = "[`run_app()`]"
@@ -181,6 +174,7 @@ pub trait EventLoopExtWebSys {
     /// by calling this function again. This can be useful if you want to recreate the event loop
     /// while the WebAssembly module is still loaded. For example, this can be used to recreate the
     /// event loop when switching between tabs on a single page application.
+    #[rustfmt::skip]
     ///
     #[cfg_attr(
         not(all(web_platform, target_feature = "exception-handling")),
@@ -196,6 +190,34 @@ pub trait EventLoopExtWebSys {
     fn spawn<F>(self, event_handler: F)
     where
         F: 'static + FnMut(Event<Self::UserEvent>, &ActiveEventLoop);
+
+    /// Sets the strategy for [`ControlFlow::Poll`].
+    ///
+    /// See [`PollStrategy`].
+    ///
+    /// [`ControlFlow::Poll`]: crate::event_loop::ControlFlow::Poll
+    fn set_poll_strategy(&self, strategy: PollStrategy);
+
+    /// Gets the strategy for [`ControlFlow::Poll`].
+    ///
+    /// See [`PollStrategy`].
+    ///
+    /// [`ControlFlow::Poll`]: crate::event_loop::ControlFlow::Poll
+    fn poll_strategy(&self) -> PollStrategy;
+
+    /// Sets the strategy for [`ControlFlow::WaitUntil`].
+    ///
+    /// See [`WaitUntilStrategy`].
+    ///
+    /// [`ControlFlow::WaitUntil`]: crate::event_loop::ControlFlow::WaitUntil
+    fn set_wait_until_strategy(&self, strategy: WaitUntilStrategy);
+
+    /// Gets the strategy for [`ControlFlow::WaitUntil`].
+    ///
+    /// See [`WaitUntilStrategy`].
+    ///
+    /// [`ControlFlow::WaitUntil`]: crate::event_loop::ControlFlow::WaitUntil
+    fn wait_until_strategy(&self) -> WaitUntilStrategy;
 }
 
 impl<T> EventLoopExtWebSys for EventLoop<T> {
@@ -213,6 +235,22 @@ impl<T> EventLoopExtWebSys for EventLoop<T> {
     {
         self.event_loop.spawn(event_handler)
     }
+
+    fn set_poll_strategy(&self, strategy: PollStrategy) {
+        self.event_loop.set_poll_strategy(strategy);
+    }
+
+    fn poll_strategy(&self) -> PollStrategy {
+        self.event_loop.poll_strategy()
+    }
+
+    fn set_wait_until_strategy(&self, strategy: WaitUntilStrategy) {
+        self.event_loop.set_wait_until_strategy(strategy);
+    }
+
+    fn wait_until_strategy(&self) -> WaitUntilStrategy {
+        self.event_loop.wait_until_strategy()
+    }
 }
 
 pub trait ActiveEventLoopExtWebSys {
@@ -230,6 +268,20 @@ pub trait ActiveEventLoopExtWebSys {
     /// [`ControlFlow::Poll`]: crate::event_loop::ControlFlow::Poll
     fn poll_strategy(&self) -> PollStrategy;
 
+    /// Sets the strategy for [`ControlFlow::WaitUntil`].
+    ///
+    /// See [`WaitUntilStrategy`].
+    ///
+    /// [`ControlFlow::WaitUntil`]: crate::event_loop::ControlFlow::WaitUntil
+    fn set_wait_until_strategy(&self, strategy: WaitUntilStrategy);
+
+    /// Gets the strategy for [`ControlFlow::WaitUntil`].
+    ///
+    /// See [`WaitUntilStrategy`].
+    ///
+    /// [`ControlFlow::WaitUntil`]: crate::event_loop::ControlFlow::WaitUntil
+    fn wait_until_strategy(&self) -> WaitUntilStrategy;
+
     /// Async version of [`ActiveEventLoop::create_custom_cursor()`] which waits until the
     /// cursor has completely finished loading.
     fn create_custom_cursor_async(&self, source: CustomCursorSource) -> CustomCursorFuture;
@@ -250,6 +302,16 @@ impl ActiveEventLoopExtWebSys for ActiveEventLoop {
     fn poll_strategy(&self) -> PollStrategy {
         self.p.poll_strategy()
     }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn set_wait_until_strategy(&self, strategy: WaitUntilStrategy) {
+        self.p.set_wait_until_strategy(strategy);
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn wait_until_strategy(&self) -> WaitUntilStrategy {
+        self.p.wait_until_strategy()
+    }
 }
 
 /// Strategy used for [`ControlFlow::Poll`][crate::event_loop::ControlFlow::Poll].
@@ -278,6 +340,29 @@ pub enum PollStrategy {
     Scheduler,
 }
 
+/// Strategy used for [`ControlFlow::WaitUntil`][crate::event_loop::ControlFlow::WaitUntil].
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, Default, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub enum WaitUntilStrategy {
+    /// Uses the [Prioritized Task Scheduling API] to queue the next event loop. If not available
+    /// this will fallback to [`setTimeout()`].
+    ///
+    /// This strategy is commonly not affected by browser throttling unless the window is not
+    /// focused.
+    ///
+    /// This is the default strategy.
+    ///
+    /// [Prioritized Task Scheduling API]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Prioritized_Task_Scheduling_API
+    /// [`setTimeout()`]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/setTimeout
+    #[default]
+    Scheduler,
+    /// Equal to [`Scheduler`][Self::Scheduler] but wakes up the event loop from a [worker].
+    ///
+    /// This strategy is commonly not affected by browser throttling regardless of window focus.
+    ///
+    /// [worker]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Web_Workers_API
+    Worker,
+}
+
 pub trait CustomCursorExtWebSys {
     /// Returns if this cursor is an animation.
     fn is_animation(&self) -> bool;
@@ -303,13 +388,7 @@ impl CustomCursorExtWebSys for CustomCursor {
     }
 
     fn from_url(url: String, hotspot_x: u16, hotspot_y: u16) -> CustomCursorSource {
-        CustomCursorSource {
-            inner: PlatformCustomCursorSource::Url {
-                url,
-                hotspot_x,
-                hotspot_y,
-            },
-        }
+        CustomCursorSource { inner: PlatformCustomCursorSource::Url { url, hotspot_x, hotspot_y } }
     }
 
     fn from_animation(
@@ -343,7 +422,7 @@ impl fmt::Display for BadAnimation {
     fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
         match self {
             Self::Empty => write!(f, "No cursors supplied"),
-            Self::Animation => write!(f, "A supplied cursor is an animtion"),
+            Self::Animation => write!(f, "A supplied cursor is an animation"),
         }
     }
 }
@@ -360,9 +439,7 @@ impl Future for CustomCursorFuture {
     type Output = Result<CustomCursor, CustomCursorError>;
 
     fn poll(mut self: Pin<&mut Self>, cx: &mut Context<'_>) -> Poll<Self::Output> {
-        Pin::new(&mut self.0)
-            .poll(cx)
-            .map_ok(|cursor| CustomCursor { inner: cursor })
+        Pin::new(&mut self.0).poll(cx).map_ok(|cursor| CustomCursor { inner: cursor })
     }
 }
 
@@ -378,10 +455,11 @@ impl Display for CustomCursorError {
         match self {
             Self::Blob => write!(f, "failed to create `Blob`"),
             Self::Decode(error) => write!(f, "failed to decode image: {error}"),
-            Self::Animation => write!(
-                f,
-                "found `CustomCursor` that is an animation when building an animation"
-            ),
+            Self::Animation => {
+                write!(f, "found `CustomCursor` that is an animation when building an animation")
+            },
         }
     }
 }
+
+impl Error for CustomCursorError {}

src/platform/windows.rs

@@ -2,15 +2,15 @@
 //!
 //! The supported OS version is Windows 7 or higher, though Windows 10 is
 //! tested regularly.
-use std::{ffi::c_void, path::Path};
+use std::borrow::Borrow;
+use std::ffi::c_void;
+use std::path::Path;
 
-use crate::{
-    dpi::PhysicalSize,
-    event::DeviceId,
-    event_loop::EventLoopBuilder,
-    monitor::MonitorHandle,
-    window::{BadIcon, Icon, Window, WindowAttributes},
-};
+use crate::dpi::PhysicalSize;
+use crate::event::DeviceId;
+use crate::event_loop::EventLoopBuilder;
+use crate::monitor::MonitorHandle;
+use crate::window::{BadIcon, Icon, Window, WindowAttributes};
 
 /// Window Handle type used by Win32 API
 pub type HWND = isize;
@@ -57,11 +57,11 @@ pub enum BackdropType {
 pub struct Color(u32);
 
 impl Color {
+    // Special constant only valid for the window border and therefore modeled using Option<Color>
+    // for user facing code
+    const NONE: Color = Color(0xfffffffe);
     /// Use the system's default color
-    pub const SYSTEM_DEFAULT: Color = Color(0xFFFFFFFF);
-
-    //Special constant only valid for the window border and therefore modeled using Option<Color> for user facing code
-    const NONE: Color = Color(0xFFFFFFFE);
+    pub const SYSTEM_DEFAULT: Color = Color(0xffffffff);
 
     /// Create a new color from the given RGB values
     pub const fn from_rgb(r: u8, g: u8, b: u8) -> Self {
@@ -105,6 +105,60 @@ pub enum CornerPreference {
     RoundSmall = 3,
 }
 
+/// A wrapper around a [`Window`] that ignores thread-specific window handle limitations.
+///
+/// See [`WindowBorrowExtWindows::any_thread`] for more information.
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub struct AnyThread<W>(W);
+
+impl<W: Borrow<Window>> AnyThread<W> {
+    /// Get a reference to the inner window.
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn get_ref(&self) -> &Window {
+        self.0.borrow()
+    }
+
+    /// Get a reference to the inner object.
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn inner(&self) -> &W {
+        &self.0
+    }
+
+    /// Unwrap and get the inner window.
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn into_inner(self) -> W {
+        self.0
+    }
+}
+
+impl<W: Borrow<Window>> AsRef<Window> for AnyThread<W> {
+    fn as_ref(&self) -> &Window {
+        self.get_ref()
+    }
+}
+
+impl<W: Borrow<Window>> Borrow<Window> for AnyThread<W> {
+    fn borrow(&self) -> &Window {
+        self.get_ref()
+    }
+}
+
+impl<W: Borrow<Window>> std::ops::Deref for AnyThread<W> {
+    type Target = Window;
+
+    fn deref(&self) -> &Self::Target {
+        self.get_ref()
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(feature = "rwh_06")]
+impl<W: Borrow<Window>> rwh_06::HasWindowHandle for AnyThread<W> {
+    fn window_handle(&self) -> Result<rwh_06::WindowHandle<'_>, rwh_06::HandleError> {
+        // SAFETY: The top level user has asserted this is only used safely.
+        unsafe { self.get_ref().window_handle_any_thread() }
+    }
+}
+
 /// Additional methods on `EventLoop` that are specific to Windows.
 pub trait EventLoopBuilderExtWindows {
     /// Whether to allow the event loop to be created off of the main thread.
@@ -202,8 +256,8 @@ pub trait WindowExtWindows {
     ///
     /// A window must be enabled before it can be activated.
     /// If an application has create a modal dialog box by disabling its owner window
-    /// (as described in [`WindowAttributesExtWindows::with_owner_window`]), the application must enable
-    /// the owner window before destroying the dialog box.
+    /// (as described in [`WindowAttributesExtWindows::with_owner_window`]), the application must
+    /// enable the owner window before destroying the dialog box.
     /// Otherwise, another window will receive the keyboard focus and be activated.
     ///
     /// If a child window is disabled, it is ignored when the system tries to determine which
@@ -248,6 +302,60 @@ pub trait WindowExtWindows {
     ///
     /// Supported starting with Windows 11 Build 22000.
     fn set_corner_preference(&self, preference: CornerPreference);
+
+    /// Get the raw window handle for this [`Window`] without checking for thread affinity.
+    ///
+    /// Window handles in Win32 have a property called "thread affinity" that ties them to their
+    /// origin thread. Some operations can only happen on the window's origin thread, while others
+    /// can be called from any thread. For example, [`SetWindowSubclass`] is not thread safe while
+    /// [`GetDC`] is thread safe.
+    ///
+    /// In Rust terms, the window handle is `Send` sometimes but `!Send` other times.
+    ///
+    /// Therefore, in order to avoid confusing threading errors, [`Window`] only returns the
+    /// window handle when the [`window_handle`] function is called from the thread that created
+    /// the window. In other cases, it returns an [`Unavailable`] error.
+    ///
+    /// However in some cases you may already know that you are using the window handle for
+    /// operations that are guaranteed to be thread-safe. In which case this function aims
+    /// to provide an escape hatch so these functions are still accessible from other threads.
+    ///
+    /// # Safety
+    ///
+    /// It is the responsibility of the user to only pass the window handle into thread-safe
+    /// Win32 APIs.
+    ///
+    /// [`SetWindowSubclass`]: https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/api/commctrl/nf-commctrl-setwindowsubclass
+    /// [`GetDC`]: https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/api/winuser/nf-winuser-getdc
+    /// [`Window`]: crate::window::Window
+    /// [`window_handle`]: https://docs.rs/raw-window-handle/latest/raw_window_handle/trait.HasWindowHandle.html#tymethod.window_handle
+    /// [`Unavailable`]: https://docs.rs/raw-window-handle/latest/raw_window_handle/enum.HandleError.html#variant.Unavailable
+    ///
+    /// ## Example
+    ///
+    /// ```no_run
+    /// # use winit::window::Window;
+    /// # fn scope(window: Window) {
+    /// use std::thread;
+    /// use winit::platform::windows::WindowExtWindows;
+    /// use winit::raw_window_handle::HasWindowHandle;
+    ///
+    /// // We can get the window handle on the current thread.
+    /// let handle = window.window_handle().unwrap();
+    ///
+    /// // However, on another thread, we can't!
+    /// thread::spawn(move || {
+    ///     assert!(window.window_handle().is_err());
+    ///
+    ///     // We can use this function as an escape hatch.
+    ///     let handle = unsafe { window.window_handle_any_thread().unwrap() };
+    /// });
+    /// # }
+    /// ```
+    #[cfg(feature = "rwh_06")]
+    unsafe fn window_handle_any_thread(
+        &self,
+    ) -> Result<rwh_06::WindowHandle<'_>, rwh_06::HandleError>;
 }
 
 impl WindowExtWindows for Window {
@@ -283,10 +391,10 @@ impl WindowExtWindows for Window {
 
     #[inline]
     fn set_title_background_color(&self, color: Option<Color>) {
-        // The windows docs don't mention NONE as a valid options but it works in practice and is useful
-        // to circumvent the Windows option "Show accent color on title bars and window borders"
-        self.window
-            .set_title_background_color(color.unwrap_or(Color::NONE))
+        // The windows docs don't mention NONE as a valid options but it works in practice and is
+        // useful to circumvent the Windows option "Show accent color on title bars and
+        // window borders"
+        self.window.set_title_background_color(color.unwrap_or(Color::NONE))
     }
 
     #[inline]
@@ -298,15 +406,57 @@ impl WindowExtWindows for Window {
     fn set_corner_preference(&self, preference: CornerPreference) {
         self.window.set_corner_preference(preference)
     }
+
+    #[cfg(feature = "rwh_06")]
+    unsafe fn window_handle_any_thread(
+        &self,
+    ) -> Result<rwh_06::WindowHandle<'_>, rwh_06::HandleError> {
+        unsafe {
+            let handle = self.window.rwh_06_no_thread_check()?;
+
+            // SAFETY: The handle is valid in this context.
+            Ok(rwh_06::WindowHandle::borrow_raw(handle))
+        }
+    }
 }
 
+/// Additional methods for anything that dereference to [`Window`].
+///
+/// [`Window`]: crate::window::Window
+pub trait WindowBorrowExtWindows: Borrow<Window> + Sized {
+    /// Create an object that allows accessing the inner window handle in a thread-unsafe way.
+    ///
+    /// It is possible to call [`window_handle_any_thread`] to get around Windows's thread
+    /// affinity limitations. However, it may be desired to pass the [`Window`] into something
+    /// that requires the [`HasWindowHandle`] trait, while ignoring thread affinity limitations.
+    ///
+    /// This function wraps anything that implements `Borrow<Window>` into a structure that
+    /// uses the inner window handle as a mean of implementing [`HasWindowHandle`]. It wraps
+    /// `Window`, `&Window`, `Arc<Window>`, and other reference types.
+    ///
+    /// # Safety
+    ///
+    /// It is the responsibility of the user to only pass the window handle into thread-safe
+    /// Win32 APIs.
+    ///
+    /// [`window_handle_any_thread`]: WindowExtWindows::window_handle_any_thread
+    /// [`Window`]: crate::window::Window
+    /// [`HasWindowHandle`]: rwh_06::HasWindowHandle
+    unsafe fn any_thread(self) -> AnyThread<Self> {
+        AnyThread(self)
+    }
+}
+
+impl<W: Borrow<Window> + Sized> WindowBorrowExtWindows for W {}
+
 /// Additional methods on `WindowAttributes` that are specific to Windows.
 #[allow(rustdoc::broken_intra_doc_links)]
 pub trait WindowAttributesExtWindows {
     /// Set an owner to the window to be created. Can be used to create a dialog box, for example.
     /// This only works when [`WindowAttributes::with_parent_window`] isn't called or set to `None`.
-    /// Can be used in combination with [`WindowExtWindows::set_enable(false)`][WindowExtWindows::set_enable]
-    /// on the owner window to create a modal dialog box.
+    /// Can be used in combination with
+    /// [`WindowExtWindows::set_enable(false)`][WindowExtWindows::set_enable] on the owner
+    /// window to create a modal dialog box.
     ///
     /// From MSDN:
     /// - An owned window is always above its owner in the z-order.
@@ -322,17 +472,14 @@ pub trait WindowAttributesExtWindows {
     ///
     /// The menu must have been manually created beforehand with [`CreateMenu`] or similar.
     ///
-    /// Note: Dark mode cannot be supported for win32 menus, it's simply not possible to change how the menus look.
-    /// If you use this, it is recommended that you combine it with `with_theme(Some(Theme::Light))` to avoid a jarring effect.
-    ///
+    /// Note: Dark mode cannot be supported for win32 menus, it's simply not possible to change how
+    /// the menus look. If you use this, it is recommended that you combine it with
+    /// `with_theme(Some(Theme::Light))` to avoid a jarring effect.
     #[cfg_attr(
-        platform_windows,
+        windows_platform,
         doc = "[`CreateMenu`]: windows_sys::Win32::UI::WindowsAndMessaging::CreateMenu"
     )]
-    #[cfg_attr(
-        not(platform_windows),
-        doc = "[`CreateMenu`]: #only-available-on-windows"
-    )]
+    #[cfg_attr(not(windows_platform), doc = "[`CreateMenu`]: #only-available-on-windows")]
     fn with_menu(self, menu: HMENU) -> Self;
 
     /// This sets `ICON_BIG`. A good ceiling here is 256x256.
@@ -341,12 +488,12 @@ pub trait WindowAttributesExtWindows {
     /// This sets `WS_EX_NOREDIRECTIONBITMAP`.
     fn with_no_redirection_bitmap(self, flag: bool) -> Self;
 
-    /// Enables or disables drag and drop support (enabled by default). Will interfere with other crates
-    /// that use multi-threaded COM API (`CoInitializeEx` with `COINIT_MULTITHREADED` instead of
-    /// `COINIT_APARTMENTTHREADED`) on the same thread. Note that winit may still attempt to initialize
-    /// COM API regardless of this option. Currently only fullscreen mode does that, but there may be more in the future.
-    /// If you need COM API with `COINIT_MULTITHREADED` you must initialize it before calling any winit functions.
-    /// See <https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/api/objbase/nf-objbase-coinitialize#remarks> for more information.
+    /// Enables or disables drag and drop support (enabled by default). Will interfere with other
+    /// crates that use multi-threaded COM API (`CoInitializeEx` with `COINIT_MULTITHREADED`
+    /// instead of `COINIT_APARTMENTTHREADED`) on the same thread. Note that winit may still
+    /// attempt to initialize COM API regardless of this option. Currently only fullscreen mode
+    /// does that, but there may be more in the future. If you need COM API with
+    /// `COINIT_MULTITHREADED` you must initialize it before calling any winit functions. See <https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/api/objbase/nf-objbase-coinitialize#remarks> for more information.
     fn with_drag_and_drop(self, flag: bool) -> Self;
 
     /// Whether show or hide the window icon in the taskbar.
@@ -513,6 +660,17 @@ impl DeviceIdExtWindows for DeviceId {
 }
 
 /// Additional methods on `Icon` that are specific to Windows.
+///
+/// Windows icons can be created from files, or from the [`embedded resources`](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/menurc/about-resource-files).
+///
+/// The `ICON` resource definition statement use the following syntax:
+/// ```rc
+/// nameID ICON filename
+/// ```
+/// `nameID` is a unique name or a 16-bit unsigned integer value identifying the resource,
+/// `filename` is the name of the file that contains the resource.
+///
+/// More information about the `ICON` resource can be found at [`Microsoft Learn`](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/menurc/icon-resource) portal.
 pub trait IconExtWindows: Sized {
     /// Create an icon from a file path.
     ///
@@ -524,7 +682,12 @@ pub trait IconExtWindows: Sized {
     fn from_path<P: AsRef<Path>>(path: P, size: Option<PhysicalSize<u32>>)
         -> Result<Self, BadIcon>;
 
-    /// Create an icon from a resource embedded in this executable or library.
+    /// Create an icon from a resource embedded in this executable or library by its ordinal id.
+    ///
+    /// The valid `ordinal` values range from 1 to [`u16::MAX`] (inclusive). The value `0` is an
+    /// invalid ordinal id, but it can be used with [`from_resource_name`] as `"0"`.
+    ///
+    /// [`from_resource_name`]: IconExtWindows::from_resource_name
     ///
     /// Specify `size` to load a specific icon size from the file, or `None` to load the default
     /// icon size from the file.
@@ -532,6 +695,55 @@ pub trait IconExtWindows: Sized {
     /// In cases where the specified size does not exist in the file, Windows may perform scaling
     /// to get an icon of the desired size.
     fn from_resource(ordinal: u16, size: Option<PhysicalSize<u32>>) -> Result<Self, BadIcon>;
+
+    /// Create an icon from a resource embedded in this executable or library by its name.
+    ///
+    /// Specify `size` to load a specific icon size from the file, or `None` to load the default
+    /// icon size from the file.
+    ///
+    /// In cases where the specified size does not exist in the file, Windows may perform scaling
+    /// to get an icon of the desired size.
+    ///
+    /// # Notes
+    ///
+    /// Consider the following resource definition statements:
+    /// ```rc
+    /// app     ICON "app.ico"
+    /// 1       ICON "a.ico"
+    /// 0027    ICON "custom.ico"
+    /// 0       ICON "alt.ico"
+    /// ```
+    ///
+    /// Due to some internal implementation details of the resource embedding/loading process on
+    /// Windows platform, strings that can be interpreted as 16-bit unsigned integers (`"1"`,
+    /// `"002"`, etc.) cannot be used as valid resource names, and instead should be passed into
+    /// [`from_resource`]:
+    ///
+    /// [`from_resource`]: IconExtWindows::from_resource
+    ///
+    /// ```rust,no_run
+    /// use winit::platform::windows::IconExtWindows;
+    /// use winit::window::Icon;
+    ///
+    /// assert!(Icon::from_resource_name("app", None).is_ok());
+    /// assert!(Icon::from_resource(1, None).is_ok());
+    /// assert!(Icon::from_resource(27, None).is_ok());
+    /// assert!(Icon::from_resource_name("27", None).is_err());
+    /// assert!(Icon::from_resource_name("0027", None).is_err());
+    /// ```
+    ///
+    /// While `0` cannot be used as an ordinal id (see [`from_resource`]), it can be used as a
+    /// name:
+    ///
+    /// [`from_resource`]: IconExtWindows::from_resource
+    ///
+    /// ```rust,no_run
+    /// # use winit::platform::windows::IconExtWindows;
+    /// # use winit::window::Icon;
+    /// assert!(Icon::from_resource_name("0", None).is_ok());
+    /// assert!(Icon::from_resource(0, None).is_err());
+    /// ```
+    fn from_resource_name(name: &str, size: Option<PhysicalSize<u32>>) -> Result<Self, BadIcon>;
 }
 
 impl IconExtWindows for Icon {
@@ -547,4 +759,9 @@ impl IconExtWindows for Icon {
         let win_icon = crate::platform_impl::WinIcon::from_resource(ordinal, size)?;
         Ok(Icon { inner: win_icon })
     }
+
+    fn from_resource_name(name: &str, size: Option<PhysicalSize<u32>>) -> Result<Self, BadIcon> {
+        let win_icon = crate::platform_impl::WinIcon::from_resource_name(name, size)?;
+        Ok(Icon { inner: win_icon })
+    }
 }

src/platform/x11.rs

@@ -2,11 +2,9 @@
 #[cfg(feature = "serde")]
 use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
 
-use crate::{
-    event_loop::{ActiveEventLoop, EventLoopBuilder},
-    monitor::MonitorHandle,
-    window::{Window, WindowAttributes},
-};
+use crate::event_loop::{ActiveEventLoop, EventLoop, EventLoopBuilder};
+use crate::monitor::MonitorHandle;
+use crate::window::{Window, WindowAttributes};
 
 use crate::dpi::Size;
 
@@ -15,11 +13,12 @@ use crate::dpi::Size;
 #[derive(Debug, Default, Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
 #[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
 pub enum WindowType {
-    /// A desktop feature. This can include a single window containing desktop icons with the same dimensions as the
-    /// screen, allowing the desktop environment to have full control of the desktop, without the need for proxying
-    /// root window clicks.
+    /// A desktop feature. This can include a single window containing desktop icons with the same
+    /// dimensions as the screen, allowing the desktop environment to have full control of the
+    /// desktop, without the need for proxying root window clicks.
     Desktop,
-    /// A dock or panel feature. Typically a Window Manager would keep such windows on top of all other windows.
+    /// A dock or panel feature. Typically a Window Manager would keep such windows on top of all
+    /// other windows.
     Dock,
     /// Toolbar windows. "Torn off" from the main application.
     Toolbar,
@@ -37,8 +36,8 @@ pub enum WindowType {
     /// A popup menu that usually appears when the user right clicks on an object.
     /// This property is typically used on override-redirect windows.
     PopupMenu,
-    /// A tooltip window. Usually used to show additional information when hovering over an object with the cursor.
-    /// This property is typically used on override-redirect windows.
+    /// A tooltip window. Usually used to show additional information when hovering over an object
+    /// with the cursor. This property is typically used on override-redirect windows.
     Tooltip,
     /// The window is a notification.
     /// This property is typically used on override-redirect windows.
@@ -46,7 +45,7 @@ pub enum WindowType {
     /// This should be used on the windows that are popped up by combo boxes.
     /// This property is typically used on override-redirect windows.
     Combo,
-    /// This indicates the the window is being dragged.
+    /// This indicates the window is being dragged.
     /// This property is typically used on override-redirect windows.
     Dnd,
     /// This is a normal, top-level window.
@@ -82,12 +81,7 @@ pub type XWindow = u32;
 #[inline]
 pub fn register_xlib_error_hook(hook: XlibErrorHook) {
     // Append new hook.
-    unsafe {
-        crate::platform_impl::XLIB_ERROR_HOOKS
-            .lock()
-            .unwrap()
-            .push(hook);
-    }
+    crate::platform_impl::XLIB_ERROR_HOOKS.lock().unwrap().push(hook);
 }
 
 /// Additional methods on [`ActiveEventLoop`] that are specific to X11.
@@ -103,6 +97,19 @@ impl ActiveEventLoopExtX11 for ActiveEventLoop {
     }
 }
 
+/// Additional methods on [`EventLoop`] that are specific to X11.
+pub trait EventLoopExtX11 {
+    /// True if the [`EventLoop`] uses X11.
+    fn is_x11(&self) -> bool;
+}
+
+impl<T: 'static> EventLoopExtX11 for EventLoop<T> {
+    #[inline]
+    fn is_x11(&self) -> bool {
+        !self.event_loop.is_wayland()
+    }
+}
+
 /// Additional methods on [`EventLoopBuilder`] that are specific to X11.
 pub trait EventLoopBuilderExtX11 {
     /// Force using X11.
@@ -144,7 +151,8 @@ pub trait WindowAttributesExtX11 {
     /// Build window with the given `general` and `instance` names.
     ///
     /// The `general` sets general class of `WM_CLASS(STRING)`, while `instance` set the
-    /// instance part of it. The resulted property looks like `WM_CLASS(STRING) = "instance", "general"`.
+    /// instance part of it. The resulted property looks like `WM_CLASS(STRING) = "instance",
+    /// "general"`.
     ///
     /// For details about application ID conventions, see the
     /// [Desktop Entry Spec](https://specifications.freedesktop.org/desktop-entry-spec/desktop-entry-spec-latest.html#desktop-file-id)
@@ -202,10 +210,8 @@ impl WindowAttributesExtX11 for WindowAttributes {
 
     #[inline]
     fn with_name(mut self, general: impl Into<String>, instance: impl Into<String>) -> Self {
-        self.platform_specific.name = Some(crate::platform_impl::ApplicationName::new(
-            general.into(),
-            instance.into(),
-        ));
+        self.platform_specific.name =
+            Some(crate::platform_impl::ApplicationName::new(general.into(), instance.into()));
         self
     }
 

src/platform_impl/android/keycodes.rs

@@ -1,7 +1,5 @@
-use android_activity::{
-    input::{KeyAction, KeyEvent, KeyMapChar, Keycode},
-    AndroidApp,
-};
+use android_activity::input::{KeyAction, KeyEvent, KeyMapChar, Keycode};
+use android_activity::AndroidApp;
 
 use crate::keyboard::{Key, KeyCode, KeyLocation, NamedKey, NativeKey, NativeKeyCode, PhysicalKey};
 
@@ -105,7 +103,7 @@ pub fn to_physical_key(keycode: Keycode) -> PhysicalKey {
         Keycode::VolumeUp => KeyCode::AudioVolumeUp,
         Keycode::VolumeDown => KeyCode::AudioVolumeDown,
         Keycode::VolumeMute => KeyCode::AudioVolumeMute,
-        //Keycode::Mute => None, // Microphone mute
+        // Keycode::Mute => None, // Microphone mute
         Keycode::MediaPlayPause => KeyCode::MediaPlayPause,
         Keycode::MediaStop => KeyCode::MediaStop,
         Keycode::MediaNext => KeyCode::MediaTrackNext,
@@ -176,7 +174,7 @@ pub fn character_map_and_combine_key(
         Err(err) => {
             tracing::warn!("Failed to look up `KeyCharacterMap` for device {device_id}: {err:?}");
             return None;
-        }
+        },
     };
 
     match key_map.get(key_event.key_code(), key_event.meta_state()) {
@@ -188,9 +186,12 @@ pub fn character_map_and_combine_key(
                         Ok(Some(key)) => Some(key),
                         Ok(None) => None,
                         Err(err) => {
-                            tracing::warn!("KeyEvent: Failed to combine 'dead key' accent '{accent}' with '{unicode}': {err:?}");
+                            tracing::warn!(
+                                "KeyEvent: Failed to combine 'dead key' accent '{accent}' with \
+                                 '{unicode}': {err:?}"
+                            );
                             None
-                        }
+                        },
                     }
                 } else {
                     Some(unicode)
@@ -200,23 +201,23 @@ pub fn character_map_and_combine_key(
             } else {
                 Some(KeyMapChar::Unicode(unicode))
             }
-        }
+        },
         Ok(KeyMapChar::CombiningAccent(accent)) => {
             if key_event.action() == KeyAction::Down {
                 *combining_accent = Some(accent);
             }
             Some(KeyMapChar::CombiningAccent(accent))
-        }
+        },
         Ok(KeyMapChar::None) => {
             // Leave any combining_accent state in tact (seems to match how other
             // Android apps work)
             None
-        }
+        },
         Err(err) => {
             tracing::warn!("KeyEvent: Failed to get key map character: {err:?}");
             *combining_accent = None;
             None
-        }
+        },
     }
 }
 

src/platform_impl/android/mod.rs

@@ -1,16 +1,10 @@
-#![cfg(android_platform)]
-
-use std::{
-    cell::Cell,
-    collections::VecDeque,
-    hash::Hash,
-    marker::PhantomData,
-    sync::{
-        atomic::{AtomicBool, Ordering},
-        mpsc, Arc, Mutex,
-    },
-    time::{Duration, Instant},
-};
+use std::cell::Cell;
+use std::collections::VecDeque;
+use std::hash::Hash;
+use std::marker::PhantomData;
+use std::sync::atomic::{AtomicBool, Ordering};
+use std::sync::{mpsc, Arc, Mutex};
+use std::time::{Duration, Instant};
 
 use android_activity::input::{InputEvent, KeyAction, Keycode, MotionAction};
 use android_activity::{
@@ -18,24 +12,24 @@ use android_activity::{
 };
 use tracing::{debug, trace, warn};
 
-use crate::{
-    cursor::Cursor,
-    dpi::{PhysicalPosition, PhysicalSize, Position, Size},
-    error,
-    event::{self, Force, InnerSizeWriter, StartCause},
-    event_loop::{self, ActiveEventLoop as RootAEL, ControlFlow, DeviceEvents},
-    platform::pump_events::PumpStatus,
-    window::{
-        self, CursorGrabMode, CustomCursor, CustomCursorSource, ImePurpose, ResizeDirection, Theme,
-        WindowButtons, WindowLevel,
-    },
+use crate::cursor::Cursor;
+use crate::dpi::{PhysicalPosition, PhysicalSize, Position, Size};
+use crate::error;
+use crate::error::EventLoopError;
+use crate::event::{self, Force, InnerSizeWriter, StartCause};
+use crate::event_loop::{self, ActiveEventLoop as RootAEL, ControlFlow, DeviceEvents};
+use crate::platform::pump_events::PumpStatus;
+use crate::platform_impl::Fullscreen;
+use crate::window::{
+    self, CursorGrabMode, CustomCursor, CustomCursorSource, ImePurpose, ResizeDirection, Theme,
+    WindowButtons, WindowLevel,
 };
-use crate::{error::EventLoopError, platform_impl::Fullscreen};
 
 mod keycodes;
 
-pub(crate) use crate::cursor::NoCustomCursor as PlatformCustomCursor;
-pub(crate) use crate::cursor::NoCustomCursor as PlatformCustomCursorSource;
+pub(crate) use crate::cursor::{
+    NoCustomCursor as PlatformCustomCursor, NoCustomCursor as PlatformCustomCursorSource,
+};
 pub(crate) use crate::icon::NoIcon as PlatformIcon;
 
 static HAS_FOCUS: AtomicBool = AtomicBool::new(true);
@@ -44,9 +38,7 @@ static HAS_FOCUS: AtomicBool = AtomicBool::new(true);
 /// equates to an infinite timeout, not a zero timeout (so can't just use
 /// `Option::min`)
 fn min_timeout(a: Option<Duration>, b: Option<Duration>) -> Option<Duration> {
-    a.map_or(b, |a_timeout| {
-        b.map_or(Some(a_timeout), |b_timeout| Some(a_timeout.min(b_timeout)))
-    })
+    a.map_or(b, |a_timeout| b.map_or(Some(a_timeout), |b_timeout| Some(a_timeout.min(b_timeout))))
 }
 
 struct PeekableReceiver<T> {
@@ -58,6 +50,7 @@ impl<T> PeekableReceiver<T> {
     pub fn from_recv(recv: mpsc::Receiver<T>) -> Self {
         Self { recv, first: None }
     }
+
     pub fn has_incoming(&mut self) -> bool {
         if self.first.is_some() {
             return true;
@@ -66,14 +59,15 @@ impl<T> PeekableReceiver<T> {
             Ok(v) => {
                 self.first = Some(v);
                 true
-            }
+            },
             Err(mpsc::TryRecvError::Empty) => false,
             Err(mpsc::TryRecvError::Disconnected) => {
                 warn!("Channel was disconnected when checking incoming");
                 false
-            }
+            },
         }
     }
+
     pub fn try_recv(&mut self) -> Result<T, mpsc::TryRecvError> {
         if let Some(first) = self.first.take() {
             return Ok(first);
@@ -88,9 +82,7 @@ struct SharedFlagSetter {
 }
 impl SharedFlagSetter {
     pub fn set(&self) -> bool {
-        self.flag
-            .compare_exchange(false, true, Ordering::AcqRel, Ordering::Relaxed)
-            .is_ok()
+        self.flag.compare_exchange(false, true, Ordering::AcqRel, Ordering::Relaxed).is_ok()
     }
 }
 
@@ -104,15 +96,13 @@ struct SharedFlag {
 // was queued and be able to read and clear the state atomically)
 impl SharedFlag {
     pub fn new() -> Self {
-        Self {
-            flag: Arc::new(AtomicBool::new(false)),
-        }
+        Self { flag: Arc::new(AtomicBool::new(false)) }
     }
+
     pub fn setter(&self) -> SharedFlagSetter {
-        SharedFlagSetter {
-            flag: self.flag.clone(),
-        }
+        SharedFlagSetter { flag: self.flag.clone() }
     }
+
     pub fn get_and_reset(&self) -> bool {
         self.flag.swap(false, std::sync::atomic::Ordering::AcqRel)
     }
@@ -126,11 +116,9 @@ pub struct RedrawRequester {
 
 impl RedrawRequester {
     fn new(flag: &SharedFlag, waker: AndroidAppWaker) -> Self {
-        RedrawRequester {
-            flag: flag.setter(),
-            waker,
-        }
+        RedrawRequester { flag: flag.setter(), waker }
     }
+
     pub fn request_redraw(&self) {
         if self.flag.set() {
             // Only explicitly try to wake up the main loop when the flag
@@ -144,11 +132,11 @@ impl RedrawRequester {
 pub struct KeyEventExtra {}
 
 pub struct EventLoop<T: 'static> {
-    android_app: AndroidApp,
+    pub(crate) android_app: AndroidApp,
     window_target: event_loop::ActiveEventLoop,
     redraw_flag: SharedFlag,
     user_events_sender: mpsc::Sender<T>,
-    user_events_receiver: PeekableReceiver<T>, //must wake looper whenever something gets sent
+    user_events_receiver: PeekableReceiver<T>, // must wake looper whenever something gets sent
     loop_running: bool,                        // Dispatched `NewEvents<Init>`
     running: bool,
     pending_redraw: bool,
@@ -165,10 +153,7 @@ pub(crate) struct PlatformSpecificEventLoopAttributes {
 
 impl Default for PlatformSpecificEventLoopAttributes {
     fn default() -> Self {
-        Self {
-            android_app: Default::default(),
-            ignore_volume_keys: true,
-        }
+        Self { android_app: Default::default(), ignore_volume_keys: true }
     }
 }
 
@@ -178,7 +163,10 @@ impl<T: 'static> EventLoop<T> {
     ) -> Result<Self, EventLoopError> {
         let (user_events_sender, user_events_receiver) = mpsc::channel();
 
-        let android_app = attributes.android_app.as_ref().expect("An `AndroidApp` as passed to android_main() is required to create an `EventLoop` on Android");
+        let android_app = attributes.android_app.as_ref().expect(
+            "An `AndroidApp` as passed to android_main() is required to create an `EventLoop` on \
+             Android",
+        );
         let redraw_flag = SharedFlag::new();
 
         Ok(Self {
@@ -225,15 +213,15 @@ impl<T: 'static> EventLoop<T> {
             match event {
                 MainEvent::InitWindow { .. } => {
                     callback(event::Event::Resumed, self.window_target());
-                }
+                },
                 MainEvent::TerminateWindow { .. } => {
                     callback(event::Event::Suspended, self.window_target());
-                }
+                },
                 MainEvent::WindowResized { .. } => resized = true,
                 MainEvent::RedrawNeeded { .. } => pending_redraw = true,
                 MainEvent::ContentRectChanged { .. } => {
                     warn!("TODO: find a way to notify application of content rect change");
-                }
+                },
                 MainEvent::GainedFocus => {
                     HAS_FOCUS.store(true, Ordering::Relaxed);
                     callback(
@@ -243,7 +231,7 @@ impl<T: 'static> EventLoop<T> {
                         },
                         self.window_target(),
                     );
-                }
+                },
                 MainEvent::LostFocus => {
                     HAS_FOCUS.store(false, Ordering::Relaxed);
                     callback(
@@ -253,7 +241,7 @@ impl<T: 'static> EventLoop<T> {
                         },
                         self.window_target(),
                     );
-                }
+                },
                 MainEvent::ConfigChanged { .. } => {
                     let monitor = MonitorHandle::new(self.android_app.clone());
                     let old_scale_factor = monitor.scale_factor();
@@ -273,43 +261,43 @@ impl<T: 'static> EventLoop<T> {
                         };
                         callback(event, self.window_target());
                     }
-                }
+                },
                 MainEvent::LowMemory => {
                     callback(event::Event::MemoryWarning, self.window_target());
-                }
+                },
                 MainEvent::Start => {
                     // XXX: how to forward this state to applications?
                     warn!("TODO: forward onStart notification to application");
-                }
+                },
                 MainEvent::Resume { .. } => {
                     debug!("App Resumed - is running");
                     self.running = true;
-                }
+                },
                 MainEvent::SaveState { .. } => {
                     // XXX: how to forward this state to applications?
                     // XXX: also how do we expose state restoration to apps?
                     warn!("TODO: forward saveState notification to application");
-                }
+                },
                 MainEvent::Pause => {
                     debug!("App Paused - stopped running");
                     self.running = false;
-                }
+                },
                 MainEvent::Stop => {
                     // XXX: how to forward this state to applications?
                     warn!("TODO: forward onStop notification to application");
-                }
+                },
                 MainEvent::Destroy => {
                     // XXX: maybe exit mainloop to drop things before being
                     // killed by the OS?
                     warn!("TODO: forward onDestroy notification to application");
-                }
+                },
                 MainEvent::InsetsChanged { .. } => {
                     // XXX: how to forward this state to applications?
                     warn!("TODO: handle Android InsetsChanged notification");
-                }
+                },
                 unknown => {
                     trace!("Unknown MainEvent {unknown:?} (ignored)");
-                }
+                },
             }
         } else {
             trace!("No main event to handle");
@@ -331,7 +319,7 @@ impl<T: 'static> EventLoop<T> {
             },
             Err(err) => {
                 tracing::warn!("Failed to get input events iterator: {err:?}");
-            }
+            },
         }
 
         // Empty the user event buffer
@@ -392,13 +380,13 @@ impl<T: 'static> EventLoop<T> {
                 let phase = match motion_event.action() {
                     MotionAction::Down | MotionAction::PointerDown => {
                         Some(event::TouchPhase::Started)
-                    }
+                    },
                     MotionAction::Up | MotionAction::PointerUp => Some(event::TouchPhase::Ended),
                     MotionAction::Move => Some(event::TouchPhase::Moved),
                     MotionAction::Cancel => Some(event::TouchPhase::Cancelled),
                     _ => {
                         None // TODO mouse events
-                    }
+                    },
                 };
                 if let Some(phase) = phase {
                     let pointers: Box<dyn Iterator<Item = android_activity::input::Pointer<'_>>> =
@@ -407,18 +395,19 @@ impl<T: 'static> EventLoop<T> {
                                 Box::new(std::iter::once(
                                     motion_event.pointer_at_index(motion_event.pointer_index()),
                                 ))
-                            }
+                            },
                             event::TouchPhase::Moved | event::TouchPhase::Cancelled => {
                                 Box::new(motion_event.pointers())
-                            }
+                            },
                         };
 
                     for pointer in pointers {
-                        let location = PhysicalPosition {
-                            x: pointer.x() as _,
-                            y: pointer.y() as _,
-                        };
-                        trace!("Input event {device_id:?}, {phase:?}, loc={location:?}, pointer={pointer:?}");
+                        let location =
+                            PhysicalPosition { x: pointer.x() as _, y: pointer.y() as _ };
+                        trace!(
+                            "Input event {device_id:?}, {phase:?}, loc={location:?}, \
+                             pointer={pointer:?}"
+                        );
                         let event = event::Event::WindowEvent {
                             window_id,
                             event: event::WindowEvent::Touch(event::Touch {
@@ -432,17 +421,18 @@ impl<T: 'static> EventLoop<T> {
                         callback(event, self.window_target());
                     }
                 }
-            }
+            },
             InputEvent::KeyEvent(key) => {
                 match key.key_code() {
-                    // Flag keys related to volume as unhandled. While winit does not have a way for applications
-                    // to configure what keys to flag as handled, this appears to be a good default until winit
+                    // Flag keys related to volume as unhandled. While winit does not have a way for
+                    // applications to configure what keys to flag as handled,
+                    // this appears to be a good default until winit
                     // can be configured.
-                    Keycode::VolumeUp | Keycode::VolumeDown | Keycode::VolumeMute => {
-                        if self.ignore_volume_keys {
-                            input_status = InputStatus::Unhandled
-                        }
-                    }
+                    Keycode::VolumeUp | Keycode::VolumeDown | Keycode::VolumeMute
+                        if self.ignore_volume_keys =>
+                    {
+                        input_status = InputStatus::Unhandled
+                    },
                     keycode => {
                         let state = match key.action() {
                             KeyAction::Down => event::ElementState::Pressed,
@@ -473,12 +463,12 @@ impl<T: 'static> EventLoop<T> {
                             },
                         };
                         callback(event, self.window_target());
-                    }
+                    },
                 }
-            }
+            },
             _ => {
                 warn!("Unknown android_activity input event {event:?}")
-            }
+            },
         }
 
         input_status
@@ -499,13 +489,13 @@ impl<T: 'static> EventLoop<T> {
             match self.pump_events(None, &mut event_handler) {
                 PumpStatus::Exit(0) => {
                     break Ok(());
-                }
+                },
                 PumpStatus::Exit(code) => {
                     break Err(EventLoopError::ExitFailure(code));
-                }
+                },
                 _ => {
                     continue;
-                }
+                },
             }
         }
     }
@@ -561,7 +551,7 @@ impl<T: 'static> EventLoop<T> {
                     ControlFlow::Poll => Some(Duration::ZERO),
                     ControlFlow::WaitUntil(wait_deadline) => {
                         Some(wait_deadline.saturating_duration_since(start))
-                    }
+                    },
                 };
 
                 min_timeout(control_flow_timeout, timeout)
@@ -574,8 +564,9 @@ impl<T: 'static> EventLoop<T> {
             match poll_event {
                 android_activity::PollEvent::Wake => {
                     // In the X11 backend it's noted that too many false-positive wake ups
-                    // would cause the event loop to run continuously. They handle this by re-checking
-                    // for pending events (assuming they cover all valid reasons for a wake up).
+                    // would cause the event loop to run continuously. They handle this by
+                    // re-checking for pending events (assuming they cover all
+                    // valid reasons for a wake up).
                     //
                     // For now, user_events and redraw_requests are the only reasons to expect
                     // a wake up here so we can ignore the wake up if there are no events/requests.
@@ -586,35 +577,26 @@ impl<T: 'static> EventLoop<T> {
                     {
                         return;
                     }
-                }
-                android_activity::PollEvent::Timeout => {}
+                },
+                android_activity::PollEvent::Timeout => {},
                 android_activity::PollEvent::Main(event) => {
                     main_event = Some(event);
-                }
+                },
                 unknown_event => {
                     warn!("Unknown poll event {unknown_event:?} (ignored)");
-                }
+                },
             }
 
             self.cause = match self.control_flow() {
                 ControlFlow::Poll => StartCause::Poll,
-                ControlFlow::Wait => StartCause::WaitCancelled {
-                    start,
-                    requested_resume: None,
-                },
+                ControlFlow::Wait => StartCause::WaitCancelled { start, requested_resume: None },
                 ControlFlow::WaitUntil(deadline) => {
                     if Instant::now() < deadline {
-                        StartCause::WaitCancelled {
-                            start,
-                            requested_resume: Some(deadline),
-                        }
+                        StartCause::WaitCancelled { start, requested_resume: Some(deadline) }
                     } else {
-                        StartCause::ResumeTimeReached {
-                            start,
-                            requested_resume: deadline,
-                        }
+                        StartCause::ResumeTimeReached { start, requested_resume: deadline }
                     }
-                }
+                },
             };
 
             self.single_iteration(main_event, &mut callback);
@@ -657,16 +639,14 @@ impl<T: 'static> Clone for EventLoopProxy<T> {
 
 impl<T> EventLoopProxy<T> {
     pub fn send_event(&self, event: T) -> Result<(), event_loop::EventLoopClosed<T>> {
-        self.user_events_sender
-            .send(event)
-            .map_err(|err| event_loop::EventLoopClosed(err.0))?;
+        self.user_events_sender.send(event).map_err(|err| event_loop::EventLoopClosed(err.0))?;
         self.waker.wake();
         Ok(())
     }
 }
 
 pub struct ActiveEventLoop {
-    app: AndroidApp,
+    pub(crate) app: AndroidApp,
     control_flow: Cell<ControlFlow>,
     exit: Cell<bool>,
     redraw_requester: RedrawRequester,
@@ -679,9 +659,7 @@ impl ActiveEventLoop {
 
     pub fn create_custom_cursor(&self, source: CustomCursorSource) -> CustomCursor {
         let _ = source.inner;
-        CustomCursor {
-            inner: PlatformCustomCursor,
-        }
+        CustomCursor { inner: PlatformCustomCursor }
     }
 
     pub fn available_monitors(&self) -> VecDeque<MonitorHandle> {
@@ -699,14 +677,17 @@ impl ActiveEventLoop {
         rwh_05::RawDisplayHandle::Android(rwh_05::AndroidDisplayHandle::empty())
     }
 
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn system_theme(&self) -> Option<Theme> {
+        None
+    }
+
     #[cfg(feature = "rwh_06")]
     #[inline]
     pub fn raw_display_handle_rwh_06(
         &self,
     ) -> Result<rwh_06::RawDisplayHandle, rwh_06::HandleError> {
-        Ok(rwh_06::RawDisplayHandle::Android(
-            rwh_06::AndroidDisplayHandle::new(),
-        ))
+        Ok(rwh_06::RawDisplayHandle::Android(rwh_06::AndroidDisplayHandle::new()))
     }
 
     pub(crate) fn set_control_flow(&self, control_flow: ControlFlow) {
@@ -798,10 +779,7 @@ impl Window {
     ) -> Result<Self, error::OsError> {
         // FIXME this ignores requested window attributes
 
-        Ok(Self {
-            app: el.app.clone(),
-            redraw_requester: el.redraw_requester.clone(),
-        })
+        Ok(Self { app: el.app.clone(), redraw_requester: el.redraw_requester.clone() })
     }
 
     pub(crate) fn maybe_queue_on_main(&self, f: impl FnOnce(&Self) + Send + 'static) {
@@ -930,7 +908,13 @@ impl Window {
 
     pub fn set_ime_cursor_area(&self, _position: Position, _size: Size) {}
 
-    pub fn set_ime_allowed(&self, _allowed: bool) {}
+    pub fn set_ime_allowed(&self, allowed: bool) {
+        if allowed {
+            self.app.show_soft_input(true);
+        } else {
+            self.app.hide_soft_input(true);
+        }
+    }
 
     pub fn set_ime_purpose(&self, _purpose: ImePurpose) {}
 
@@ -941,41 +925,31 @@ impl Window {
     pub fn set_cursor(&self, _: Cursor) {}
 
     pub fn set_cursor_position(&self, _: Position) -> Result<(), error::ExternalError> {
-        Err(error::ExternalError::NotSupported(
-            error::NotSupportedError::new(),
-        ))
+        Err(error::ExternalError::NotSupported(error::NotSupportedError::new()))
     }
 
     pub fn set_cursor_grab(&self, _: CursorGrabMode) -> Result<(), error::ExternalError> {
-        Err(error::ExternalError::NotSupported(
-            error::NotSupportedError::new(),
-        ))
+        Err(error::ExternalError::NotSupported(error::NotSupportedError::new()))
     }
 
     pub fn set_cursor_visible(&self, _: bool) {}
 
     pub fn drag_window(&self) -> Result<(), error::ExternalError> {
-        Err(error::ExternalError::NotSupported(
-            error::NotSupportedError::new(),
-        ))
+        Err(error::ExternalError::NotSupported(error::NotSupportedError::new()))
     }
 
     pub fn drag_resize_window(
         &self,
         _direction: ResizeDirection,
     ) -> Result<(), error::ExternalError> {
-        Err(error::ExternalError::NotSupported(
-            error::NotSupportedError::new(),
-        ))
+        Err(error::ExternalError::NotSupported(error::NotSupportedError::new()))
     }
 
     #[inline]
     pub fn show_window_menu(&self, _position: Position) {}
 
     pub fn set_cursor_hittest(&self, _hittest: bool) -> Result<(), error::ExternalError> {
-        Err(error::ExternalError::NotSupported(
-            error::NotSupportedError::new(),
-        ))
+        Err(error::ExternalError::NotSupported(error::NotSupportedError::new()))
     }
 
     #[cfg(feature = "rwh_04")]
@@ -985,7 +959,11 @@ impl Window {
         if let Some(native_window) = self.app.native_window().as_ref() {
             native_window.raw_window_handle()
         } else {
-            panic!("Cannot get the native window, it's null and will always be null before Event::Resumed and after Event::Suspended. Make sure you only call this function between those events.");
+            panic!(
+                "Cannot get the native window, it's null and will always be null before \
+                 Event::Resumed and after Event::Suspended. Make sure you only call this function \
+                 between those events."
+            );
         }
     }
 
@@ -996,7 +974,11 @@ impl Window {
         if let Some(native_window) = self.app.native_window().as_ref() {
             native_window.raw_window_handle()
         } else {
-            panic!("Cannot get the native window, it's null and will always be null before Event::Resumed and after Event::Suspended. Make sure you only call this function between those events.");
+            panic!(
+                "Cannot get the native window, it's null and will always be null before \
+                 Event::Resumed and after Event::Suspended. Make sure you only call this function \
+                 between those events."
+            );
         }
     }
 
@@ -1014,7 +996,11 @@ impl Window {
         if let Some(native_window) = self.app.native_window().as_ref() {
             native_window.raw_window_handle()
         } else {
-            tracing::error!("Cannot get the native window, it's null and will always be null before Event::Resumed and after Event::Suspended. Make sure you only call this function between those events.");
+            tracing::error!(
+                "Cannot get the native window, it's null and will always be null before \
+                 Event::Resumed and after Event::Suspended. Make sure you only call this function \
+                 between those events."
+            );
             Err(rwh_06::HandleError::Unavailable)
         }
     }
@@ -1023,9 +1009,7 @@ impl Window {
     pub fn raw_display_handle_rwh_06(
         &self,
     ) -> Result<rwh_06::RawDisplayHandle, rwh_06::HandleError> {
-        Ok(rwh_06::RawDisplayHandle::Android(
-            rwh_06::AndroidDisplayHandle::new(),
-        ))
+        Ok(rwh_06::RawDisplayHandle::Android(rwh_06::AndroidDisplayHandle::new()))
     }
 
     pub fn config(&self) -> ConfigurationRef {
@@ -1102,11 +1086,7 @@ impl MonitorHandle {
     }
 
     pub fn scale_factor(&self) -> f64 {
-        self.app
-            .config()
-            .density()
-            .map(|dpi| dpi as f64 / 160.0)
-            .unwrap_or(1.0)
+        self.app.config().density().map(|dpi| dpi as f64 / 160.0).unwrap_or(1.0)
     }
 
     pub fn refresh_rate_millihertz(&self) -> Option<u32> {

src/platform_impl/ios/app_delegate.rs

@@ -1,103 +0,0 @@
-use icrate::Foundation::{MainThreadMarker, NSObject, NSObjectProtocol};
-use objc2::{declare_class, mutability, ClassType, DeclaredClass};
-
-use super::app_state::{self, EventWrapper};
-use super::uikit::{UIApplication, UIWindow};
-use super::window::WinitUIWindow;
-use crate::{
-    event::{Event, WindowEvent},
-    window::WindowId as RootWindowId,
-};
-
-declare_class!(
-    pub struct AppDelegate;
-
-    unsafe impl ClassType for AppDelegate {
-        type Super = NSObject;
-        type Mutability = mutability::InteriorMutable;
-        const NAME: &'static str = "WinitApplicationDelegate";
-    }
-
-    impl DeclaredClass for AppDelegate {}
-
-    // UIApplicationDelegate protocol
-    unsafe impl AppDelegate {
-        #[method(application:didFinishLaunchingWithOptions:)]
-        fn did_finish_launching(&self, _application: &UIApplication, _: *mut NSObject) -> bool {
-            app_state::did_finish_launching(MainThreadMarker::new().unwrap());
-            true
-        }
-
-        #[method(applicationDidBecomeActive:)]
-        fn did_become_active(&self, _application: &UIApplication) {
-            let mtm = MainThreadMarker::new().unwrap();
-            app_state::handle_nonuser_event(mtm, EventWrapper::StaticEvent(Event::Resumed))
-        }
-
-        #[method(applicationWillResignActive:)]
-        fn will_resign_active(&self, _application: &UIApplication) {
-            let mtm = MainThreadMarker::new().unwrap();
-            app_state::handle_nonuser_event(mtm, EventWrapper::StaticEvent(Event::Suspended))
-        }
-
-        #[method(applicationWillEnterForeground:)]
-        fn will_enter_foreground(&self, application: &UIApplication) {
-            self.send_occluded_event_for_all_windows(application, false);
-        }
-
-        #[method(applicationDidEnterBackground:)]
-        fn did_enter_background(&self, application: &UIApplication) {
-            self.send_occluded_event_for_all_windows(application, true);
-        }
-
-        #[method(applicationWillTerminate:)]
-        fn will_terminate(&self, application: &UIApplication) {
-            let mut events = Vec::new();
-            for window in application.windows().iter() {
-                if window.is_kind_of::<WinitUIWindow>() {
-                    // SAFETY: We just checked that the window is a `winit` window
-                    let window = unsafe {
-                        let ptr: *const UIWindow = window;
-                        let ptr: *const WinitUIWindow = ptr.cast();
-                        &*ptr
-                    };
-                    events.push(EventWrapper::StaticEvent(Event::WindowEvent {
-                        window_id: RootWindowId(window.id()),
-                        event: WindowEvent::Destroyed,
-                    }));
-                }
-            }
-            let mtm = MainThreadMarker::new().unwrap();
-            app_state::handle_nonuser_events(mtm, events);
-            app_state::terminated(mtm);
-        }
-
-        #[method(applicationDidReceiveMemoryWarning:)]
-        fn did_receive_memory_warning(&self, _application: &UIApplication) {
-            let mtm = MainThreadMarker::new().unwrap();
-            app_state::handle_nonuser_event(mtm, EventWrapper::StaticEvent(Event::MemoryWarning))
-        }
-    }
-);
-
-impl AppDelegate {
-    fn send_occluded_event_for_all_windows(&self, application: &UIApplication, occluded: bool) {
-        let mut events = Vec::new();
-        for window in application.windows().iter() {
-            if window.is_kind_of::<WinitUIWindow>() {
-                // SAFETY: We just checked that the window is a `winit` window
-                let window = unsafe {
-                    let ptr: *const UIWindow = window;
-                    let ptr: *const WinitUIWindow = ptr.cast();
-                    &*ptr
-                };
-                events.push(EventWrapper::StaticEvent(Event::WindowEvent {
-                    window_id: RootWindowId(window.id()),
-                    event: WindowEvent::Occluded(occluded),
-                }));
-            }
-        }
-        let mtm = MainThreadMarker::new().unwrap();
-        app_state::handle_nonuser_events(mtm, events);
-    }
-}

src/platform_impl/ios/app_state.rs

@@ -1,14 +1,11 @@
 #![deny(unused_results)]
 
-use std::{
-    cell::{RefCell, RefMut},
-    collections::HashSet,
-    fmt, mem,
-    os::raw::c_void,
-    ptr,
-    sync::{Arc, Mutex, OnceLock},
-    time::Instant,
-};
+use std::cell::{RefCell, RefMut};
+use std::collections::HashSet;
+use std::os::raw::c_void;
+use std::sync::{Arc, Mutex, OnceLock};
+use std::time::Instant;
+use std::{fmt, mem, ptr};
 
 use core_foundation::base::CFRelease;
 use core_foundation::date::CFAbsoluteTimeGetCurrent;
@@ -16,21 +13,20 @@ use core_foundation::runloop::{
     kCFRunLoopCommonModes, CFRunLoopAddTimer, CFRunLoopGetMain, CFRunLoopRef, CFRunLoopTimerCreate,
     CFRunLoopTimerInvalidate, CFRunLoopTimerRef, CFRunLoopTimerSetNextFireDate,
 };
-use icrate::Foundation::{
-    CGRect, CGSize, MainThreadMarker, NSInteger, NSOperatingSystemVersion, NSProcessInfo,
-};
-use objc2::rc::Id;
+use objc2::rc::Retained;
 use objc2::runtime::AnyObject;
 use objc2::{msg_send, sel};
-
-use super::uikit::UIView;
-use super::window::WinitUIWindow;
-use crate::{
-    dpi::PhysicalSize,
-    event::{Event, InnerSizeWriter, StartCause, WindowEvent},
-    event_loop::{ActiveEventLoop as RootActiveEventLoop, ControlFlow},
-    window::WindowId as RootWindowId,
+use objc2_foundation::{
+    CGRect, CGSize, MainThreadMarker, NSInteger, NSObjectProtocol, NSOperatingSystemVersion,
+    NSProcessInfo,
 };
+use objc2_ui_kit::{UIApplication, UICoordinateSpace, UIView, UIWindow};
+
+use super::window::WinitUIWindow;
+use crate::dpi::PhysicalSize;
+use crate::event::{Event, InnerSizeWriter, StartCause, WindowEvent};
+use crate::event_loop::{ActiveEventLoop as RootActiveEventLoop, ControlFlow};
+use crate::window::WindowId as RootWindowId;
 
 macro_rules! bug {
     ($($msg:tt)*) => {
@@ -76,7 +72,7 @@ pub(crate) enum EventWrapper {
 
 #[derive(Debug)]
 pub struct ScaleFactorChanged {
-    pub(super) window: Id<WinitUIWindow>,
+    pub(super) window: Retained<WinitUIWindow>,
     pub(super) suggested_size: PhysicalSize<u32>,
     pub(super) scale_factor: f64,
 }
@@ -94,13 +90,7 @@ enum UserCallbackTransitionResult<'a> {
 
 impl Event<HandlePendingUserEvents> {
     fn is_redraw(&self) -> bool {
-        matches!(
-            self,
-            Event::WindowEvent {
-                event: WindowEvent::RedrawRequested,
-                ..
-            }
-        )
+        matches!(self, Event::WindowEvent { event: WindowEvent::RedrawRequested, .. })
     }
 }
 
@@ -109,25 +99,25 @@ impl Event<HandlePendingUserEvents> {
 #[must_use = "dropping `AppStateImpl` without inspecting it is probably a bug"]
 enum AppStateImpl {
     NotLaunched {
-        queued_windows: Vec<Id<WinitUIWindow>>,
+        queued_windows: Vec<Retained<WinitUIWindow>>,
         queued_events: Vec<EventWrapper>,
-        queued_gpu_redraws: HashSet<Id<WinitUIWindow>>,
+        queued_gpu_redraws: HashSet<Retained<WinitUIWindow>>,
     },
     Launching {
-        queued_windows: Vec<Id<WinitUIWindow>>,
+        queued_windows: Vec<Retained<WinitUIWindow>>,
         queued_events: Vec<EventWrapper>,
         queued_handler: EventLoopHandler,
-        queued_gpu_redraws: HashSet<Id<WinitUIWindow>>,
+        queued_gpu_redraws: HashSet<Retained<WinitUIWindow>>,
     },
     ProcessingEvents {
         handler: EventLoopHandler,
-        queued_gpu_redraws: HashSet<Id<WinitUIWindow>>,
+        queued_gpu_redraws: HashSet<Retained<WinitUIWindow>>,
         active_control_flow: ControlFlow,
     },
     // special state to deal with reentrancy and prevent mutable aliasing.
     InUserCallback {
         queued_events: Vec<EventWrapper>,
-        queued_gpu_redraws: HashSet<Id<WinitUIWindow>>,
+        queued_gpu_redraws: HashSet<Retained<WinitUIWindow>>,
     },
     ProcessingRedraws {
         handler: EventLoopHandler,
@@ -157,6 +147,8 @@ impl AppState {
         // must be mut because plain `static` requires `Sync`
         static mut APP_STATE: RefCell<Option<AppState>> = RefCell::new(None);
 
+        #[allow(unknown_lints)] // New lint below
+        #[allow(static_mut_refs)] // TODO: Use `MainThreadBound` instead.
         let mut guard = unsafe { APP_STATE.borrow_mut() };
         if guard.is_none() {
             #[inline(never)]
@@ -216,10 +208,7 @@ impl AppState {
     }
 
     fn has_launched(&self) -> bool {
-        !matches!(
-            self.state(),
-            AppStateImpl::NotLaunched { .. } | AppStateImpl::Launching { .. }
-        )
+        !matches!(self.state(), AppStateImpl::NotLaunched { .. } | AppStateImpl::Launching { .. })
     }
 
     fn has_terminated(&self) -> bool {
@@ -228,11 +217,9 @@ impl AppState {
 
     fn will_launch_transition(&mut self, queued_handler: EventLoopHandler) {
         let (queued_windows, queued_events, queued_gpu_redraws) = match self.take_state() {
-            AppStateImpl::NotLaunched {
-                queued_windows,
-                queued_events,
-                queued_gpu_redraws,
-            } => (queued_windows, queued_events, queued_gpu_redraws),
+            AppStateImpl::NotLaunched { queued_windows, queued_events, queued_gpu_redraws } => {
+                (queued_windows, queued_events, queued_gpu_redraws)
+            },
             s => bug!("unexpected state {:?}", s),
         };
         self.set_state(AppStateImpl::Launching {
@@ -243,19 +230,16 @@ impl AppState {
         });
     }
 
-    fn did_finish_launching_transition(&mut self) -> (Vec<Id<WinitUIWindow>>, Vec<EventWrapper>) {
+    fn did_finish_launching_transition(
+        &mut self,
+    ) -> (Vec<Retained<WinitUIWindow>>, Vec<EventWrapper>) {
         let (windows, events, handler, queued_gpu_redraws) = match self.take_state() {
             AppStateImpl::Launching {
                 queued_windows,
                 queued_events,
                 queued_handler,
                 queued_gpu_redraws,
-            } => (
-                queued_windows,
-                queued_events,
-                queued_handler,
-                queued_gpu_redraws,
-            ),
+            } => (queued_windows, queued_events, queued_handler, queued_gpu_redraws),
             s => bug!("unexpected state {:?}", s),
         };
         self.set_state(AppStateImpl::ProcessingEvents {
@@ -274,17 +258,10 @@ impl AppState {
         }
 
         let (handler, event) = match (self.control_flow, self.take_state()) {
-            (ControlFlow::Poll, AppStateImpl::PollFinished { waiting_handler }) => (
-                waiting_handler,
-                EventWrapper::StaticEvent(Event::NewEvents(StartCause::Poll)),
-            ),
-            (
-                ControlFlow::Wait,
-                AppStateImpl::Waiting {
-                    waiting_handler,
-                    start,
-                },
-            ) => (
+            (ControlFlow::Poll, AppStateImpl::PollFinished { waiting_handler }) => {
+                (waiting_handler, EventWrapper::StaticEvent(Event::NewEvents(StartCause::Poll)))
+            },
+            (ControlFlow::Wait, AppStateImpl::Waiting { waiting_handler, start }) => (
                 waiting_handler,
                 EventWrapper::StaticEvent(Event::NewEvents(StartCause::WaitCancelled {
                     start,
@@ -293,10 +270,7 @@ impl AppState {
             ),
             (
                 ControlFlow::WaitUntil(requested_resume),
-                AppStateImpl::Waiting {
-                    waiting_handler,
-                    start,
-                },
+                AppStateImpl::Waiting { waiting_handler, start },
             ) => {
                 let event = if Instant::now() >= requested_resume {
                     EventWrapper::StaticEvent(Event::NewEvents(StartCause::ResumeTimeReached {
@@ -310,7 +284,7 @@ impl AppState {
                     }))
                 };
                 (waiting_handler, event)
-            }
+            },
             s => bug!("`EventHandler` unexpectedly woke up {:?}", s),
         };
 
@@ -326,18 +300,9 @@ impl AppState {
         // If we're not able to process an event due to recursion or `Init` not having been sent out
         // yet, then queue the events up.
         match self.state_mut() {
-            &mut AppStateImpl::Launching {
-                ref mut queued_events,
-                ..
-            }
-            | &mut AppStateImpl::NotLaunched {
-                ref mut queued_events,
-                ..
-            }
-            | &mut AppStateImpl::InUserCallback {
-                ref mut queued_events,
-                ..
-            } => {
+            &mut AppStateImpl::Launching { ref mut queued_events, .. }
+            | &mut AppStateImpl::NotLaunched { ref mut queued_events, .. }
+            | &mut AppStateImpl::InUserCallback { ref mut queued_events, .. } => {
                 // A lifetime cast: early returns are not currently handled well with NLL, but
                 // polonius handles them well. This transmute is a safe workaround.
                 return unsafe {
@@ -348,60 +313,49 @@ impl AppState {
                         queued_events,
                     })
                 };
-            }
+            },
 
             &mut AppStateImpl::ProcessingEvents { .. }
-            | &mut AppStateImpl::ProcessingRedraws { .. } => {}
+            | &mut AppStateImpl::ProcessingRedraws { .. } => {},
 
             s @ &mut AppStateImpl::PollFinished { .. }
             | s @ &mut AppStateImpl::Waiting { .. }
             | s @ &mut AppStateImpl::Terminated => {
                 bug!("unexpected attempted to process an event {:?}", s)
-            }
+            },
         }
 
-        let (handler, queued_gpu_redraws, active_control_flow, processing_redraws) =
-            match self.take_state() {
-                AppStateImpl::Launching { .. }
-                | AppStateImpl::NotLaunched { .. }
-                | AppStateImpl::InUserCallback { .. } => unreachable!(),
-                AppStateImpl::ProcessingEvents {
-                    handler,
-                    queued_gpu_redraws,
-                    active_control_flow,
-                } => (handler, queued_gpu_redraws, active_control_flow, false),
-                AppStateImpl::ProcessingRedraws {
-                    handler,
-                    active_control_flow,
-                } => (handler, Default::default(), active_control_flow, true),
-                AppStateImpl::PollFinished { .. }
-                | AppStateImpl::Waiting { .. }
-                | AppStateImpl::Terminated => unreachable!(),
-            };
+        let (handler, queued_gpu_redraws, active_control_flow, processing_redraws) = match self
+            .take_state()
+        {
+            AppStateImpl::Launching { .. }
+            | AppStateImpl::NotLaunched { .. }
+            | AppStateImpl::InUserCallback { .. } => unreachable!(),
+            AppStateImpl::ProcessingEvents { handler, queued_gpu_redraws, active_control_flow } => {
+                (handler, queued_gpu_redraws, active_control_flow, false)
+            },
+            AppStateImpl::ProcessingRedraws { handler, active_control_flow } => {
+                (handler, Default::default(), active_control_flow, true)
+            },
+            AppStateImpl::PollFinished { .. }
+            | AppStateImpl::Waiting { .. }
+            | AppStateImpl::Terminated => unreachable!(),
+        };
         self.set_state(AppStateImpl::InUserCallback {
             queued_events: Vec::new(),
             queued_gpu_redraws,
         });
-        UserCallbackTransitionResult::Success {
-            handler,
-            active_control_flow,
-            processing_redraws,
-        }
+        UserCallbackTransitionResult::Success { handler, active_control_flow, processing_redraws }
     }
 
-    fn main_events_cleared_transition(&mut self) -> HashSet<Id<WinitUIWindow>> {
+    fn main_events_cleared_transition(&mut self) -> HashSet<Retained<WinitUIWindow>> {
         let (handler, queued_gpu_redraws, active_control_flow) = match self.take_state() {
-            AppStateImpl::ProcessingEvents {
-                handler,
-                queued_gpu_redraws,
-                active_control_flow,
-            } => (handler, queued_gpu_redraws, active_control_flow),
+            AppStateImpl::ProcessingEvents { handler, queued_gpu_redraws, active_control_flow } => {
+                (handler, queued_gpu_redraws, active_control_flow)
+            },
             s => bug!("unexpected state {:?}", s),
         };
-        self.set_state(AppStateImpl::ProcessingRedraws {
-            handler,
-            active_control_flow,
-        });
+        self.set_state(AppStateImpl::ProcessingRedraws { handler, active_control_flow });
         queued_gpu_redraws
     }
 
@@ -410,10 +364,9 @@ impl AppState {
             return;
         }
         let (waiting_handler, old) = match self.take_state() {
-            AppStateImpl::ProcessingRedraws {
-                handler,
-                active_control_flow,
-            } => (handler, active_control_flow),
+            AppStateImpl::ProcessingRedraws { handler, active_control_flow } => {
+                (handler, active_control_flow)
+            },
             s => bug!("unexpected state {:?}", s),
         };
 
@@ -421,41 +374,30 @@ impl AppState {
         match (old, new) {
             (ControlFlow::Wait, ControlFlow::Wait) => {
                 let start = Instant::now();
-                self.set_state(AppStateImpl::Waiting {
-                    waiting_handler,
-                    start,
-                });
-            }
+                self.set_state(AppStateImpl::Waiting { waiting_handler, start });
+                self.waker.stop()
+            },
             (ControlFlow::WaitUntil(old_instant), ControlFlow::WaitUntil(new_instant))
                 if old_instant == new_instant =>
             {
                 let start = Instant::now();
-                self.set_state(AppStateImpl::Waiting {
-                    waiting_handler,
-                    start,
-                });
-            }
+                self.set_state(AppStateImpl::Waiting { waiting_handler, start });
+            },
             (_, ControlFlow::Wait) => {
                 let start = Instant::now();
-                self.set_state(AppStateImpl::Waiting {
-                    waiting_handler,
-                    start,
-                });
+                self.set_state(AppStateImpl::Waiting { waiting_handler, start });
                 self.waker.stop()
-            }
+            },
             (_, ControlFlow::WaitUntil(new_instant)) => {
                 let start = Instant::now();
-                self.set_state(AppStateImpl::Waiting {
-                    waiting_handler,
-                    start,
-                });
+                self.set_state(AppStateImpl::Waiting { waiting_handler, start });
                 self.waker.start_at(new_instant)
-            }
+            },
             // Unlike on macOS, handle Poll to Poll transition here to call the waker
             (_, ControlFlow::Poll) => {
                 self.set_state(AppStateImpl::PollFinished { waiting_handler });
                 self.waker.start()
-            }
+            },
         }
     }
 
@@ -475,54 +417,41 @@ impl AppState {
     }
 }
 
-pub(crate) fn set_key_window(mtm: MainThreadMarker, window: &Id<WinitUIWindow>) {
+pub(crate) fn set_key_window(mtm: MainThreadMarker, window: &Retained<WinitUIWindow>) {
     let mut this = AppState::get_mut(mtm);
     match this.state_mut() {
-        &mut AppStateImpl::NotLaunched {
-            ref mut queued_windows,
-            ..
-        } => return queued_windows.push(window.clone()),
+        &mut AppStateImpl::NotLaunched { ref mut queued_windows, .. } => {
+            return queued_windows.push(window.clone())
+        },
         &mut AppStateImpl::ProcessingEvents { .. }
         | &mut AppStateImpl::InUserCallback { .. }
-        | &mut AppStateImpl::ProcessingRedraws { .. } => {}
+        | &mut AppStateImpl::ProcessingRedraws { .. } => {},
         s @ &mut AppStateImpl::Launching { .. }
         | s @ &mut AppStateImpl::Waiting { .. }
         | s @ &mut AppStateImpl::PollFinished { .. } => bug!("unexpected state {:?}", s),
         &mut AppStateImpl::Terminated => {
             panic!("Attempt to create a `Window` after the app has terminated")
-        }
+        },
     }
     drop(this);
     window.makeKeyAndVisible();
 }
 
-pub(crate) fn queue_gl_or_metal_redraw(mtm: MainThreadMarker, window: Id<WinitUIWindow>) {
+pub(crate) fn queue_gl_or_metal_redraw(mtm: MainThreadMarker, window: Retained<WinitUIWindow>) {
     let mut this = AppState::get_mut(mtm);
     match this.state_mut() {
-        &mut AppStateImpl::NotLaunched {
-            ref mut queued_gpu_redraws,
-            ..
-        }
-        | &mut AppStateImpl::Launching {
-            ref mut queued_gpu_redraws,
-            ..
-        }
-        | &mut AppStateImpl::ProcessingEvents {
-            ref mut queued_gpu_redraws,
-            ..
-        }
-        | &mut AppStateImpl::InUserCallback {
-            ref mut queued_gpu_redraws,
-            ..
-        } => {
+        &mut AppStateImpl::NotLaunched { ref mut queued_gpu_redraws, .. }
+        | &mut AppStateImpl::Launching { ref mut queued_gpu_redraws, .. }
+        | &mut AppStateImpl::ProcessingEvents { ref mut queued_gpu_redraws, .. }
+        | &mut AppStateImpl::InUserCallback { ref mut queued_gpu_redraws, .. } => {
             let _ = queued_gpu_redraws.insert(window);
-        }
+        },
         s @ &mut AppStateImpl::ProcessingRedraws { .. }
         | s @ &mut AppStateImpl::Waiting { .. }
         | s @ &mut AppStateImpl::PollFinished { .. } => bug!("unexpected state {:?}", s),
         &mut AppStateImpl::Terminated => {
             panic!("Attempt to create a `Window` after the app has terminated")
-        }
+        },
     }
 }
 
@@ -566,10 +495,8 @@ pub fn did_finish_launching(mtm: MainThreadMarker) {
 
     let (windows, events) = AppState::get_mut(mtm).did_finish_launching_transition();
 
-    let events = std::iter::once(EventWrapper::StaticEvent(Event::NewEvents(
-        StartCause::Init,
-    )))
-    .chain(events);
+    let events = std::iter::once(EventWrapper::StaticEvent(Event::NewEvents(StartCause::Init)))
+        .chain(events);
     handle_nonuser_events(mtm, events);
 
     // the above window dance hack, could possibly trigger new windows to be created.
@@ -609,7 +536,7 @@ pub(crate) fn handle_nonuser_events<I: IntoIterator<Item = EventWrapper>>(
             UserCallbackTransitionResult::ReentrancyPrevented { queued_events } => {
                 queued_events.extend(events);
                 return;
-            }
+            },
             UserCallbackTransitionResult::Success {
                 handler,
                 active_control_flow,
@@ -630,7 +557,7 @@ pub(crate) fn handle_nonuser_events<I: IntoIterator<Item = EventWrapper>>(
                     );
                 }
                 handler.handle_event(event)
-            }
+            },
             EventWrapper::ScaleFactorChanged(event) => handle_hidpi_proxy(&mut handler, event),
         }
     }
@@ -638,18 +565,16 @@ pub(crate) fn handle_nonuser_events<I: IntoIterator<Item = EventWrapper>>(
     loop {
         let mut this = AppState::get_mut(mtm);
         let queued_events = match this.state_mut() {
-            &mut AppStateImpl::InUserCallback {
-                ref mut queued_events,
-                queued_gpu_redraws: _,
-            } => mem::take(queued_events),
+            &mut AppStateImpl::InUserCallback { ref mut queued_events, queued_gpu_redraws: _ } => {
+                mem::take(queued_events)
+            },
             s => bug!("unexpected state {:?}", s),
         };
         if queued_events.is_empty() {
             let queued_gpu_redraws = match this.take_state() {
-                AppStateImpl::InUserCallback {
-                    queued_events: _,
-                    queued_gpu_redraws,
-                } => queued_gpu_redraws,
+                AppStateImpl::InUserCallback { queued_events: _, queued_gpu_redraws } => {
+                    queued_gpu_redraws
+                },
                 _ => unreachable!(),
             };
             this.app_state = Some(if processing_redraws {
@@ -657,16 +582,9 @@ pub(crate) fn handle_nonuser_events<I: IntoIterator<Item = EventWrapper>>(
                     queued_gpu_redraws.is_empty(),
                     "redraw queued while processing redraws"
                 );
-                AppStateImpl::ProcessingRedraws {
-                    handler,
-                    active_control_flow,
-                }
+                AppStateImpl::ProcessingRedraws { handler, active_control_flow }
             } else {
-                AppStateImpl::ProcessingEvents {
-                    handler,
-                    queued_gpu_redraws,
-                    active_control_flow,
-                }
+                AppStateImpl::ProcessingEvents { handler, queued_gpu_redraws, active_control_flow }
             });
             break;
         }
@@ -679,12 +597,13 @@ pub(crate) fn handle_nonuser_events<I: IntoIterator<Item = EventWrapper>>(
                         tracing::info!("processing `RedrawRequested` during the main event loop");
                     } else if processing_redraws && !event.is_redraw() {
                         tracing::warn!(
-                            "processing non-`RedrawRequested` event after the main event loop: {:#?}",
+                            "processing non-`RedrawRequested` event after the main event loop: \
+                             {:#?}",
                             event
                         );
                     }
                     handler.handle_event(event)
-                }
+                },
                 EventWrapper::ScaleFactorChanged(event) => handle_hidpi_proxy(&mut handler, event),
             }
         }
@@ -697,7 +616,7 @@ fn handle_user_events(mtm: MainThreadMarker) {
         match this.try_user_callback_transition() {
             UserCallbackTransitionResult::ReentrancyPrevented { .. } => {
                 bug!("unexpected attempted to process an event")
-            }
+            },
             UserCallbackTransitionResult::Success {
                 handler,
                 active_control_flow,
@@ -714,18 +633,16 @@ fn handle_user_events(mtm: MainThreadMarker) {
     loop {
         let mut this = AppState::get_mut(mtm);
         let queued_events = match this.state_mut() {
-            &mut AppStateImpl::InUserCallback {
-                ref mut queued_events,
-                queued_gpu_redraws: _,
-            } => mem::take(queued_events),
+            &mut AppStateImpl::InUserCallback { ref mut queued_events, queued_gpu_redraws: _ } => {
+                mem::take(queued_events)
+            },
             s => bug!("unexpected state {:?}", s),
         };
         if queued_events.is_empty() {
             let queued_gpu_redraws = match this.take_state() {
-                AppStateImpl::InUserCallback {
-                    queued_events: _,
-                    queued_gpu_redraws,
-                } => queued_gpu_redraws,
+                AppStateImpl::InUserCallback { queued_events: _, queued_gpu_redraws } => {
+                    queued_gpu_redraws
+                },
                 _ => unreachable!(),
             };
             this.app_state = Some(AppStateImpl::ProcessingEvents {
@@ -748,13 +665,35 @@ fn handle_user_events(mtm: MainThreadMarker) {
     }
 }
 
+pub(crate) fn send_occluded_event_for_all_windows(application: &UIApplication, occluded: bool) {
+    let mtm = MainThreadMarker::from(application);
+
+    let mut events = Vec::new();
+    #[allow(deprecated)]
+    for window in application.windows().iter() {
+        if window.is_kind_of::<WinitUIWindow>() {
+            // SAFETY: We just checked that the window is a `winit` window
+            let window = unsafe {
+                let ptr: *const UIWindow = window;
+                let ptr: *const WinitUIWindow = ptr.cast();
+                &*ptr
+            };
+            events.push(EventWrapper::StaticEvent(Event::WindowEvent {
+                window_id: RootWindowId(window.id()),
+                event: WindowEvent::Occluded(occluded),
+            }));
+        }
+    }
+    handle_nonuser_events(mtm, events);
+}
+
 pub fn handle_main_events_cleared(mtm: MainThreadMarker) {
     let mut this = AppState::get_mut(mtm);
     if !this.has_launched() || this.has_terminated() {
         return;
     }
     match this.state_mut() {
-        AppStateImpl::ProcessingEvents { .. } => {}
+        AppStateImpl::ProcessingEvents { .. } => {},
         _ => bug!("`ProcessingRedraws` happened unexpectedly"),
     };
     drop(this);
@@ -782,7 +721,27 @@ pub fn handle_events_cleared(mtm: MainThreadMarker) {
     AppState::get_mut(mtm).events_cleared_transition();
 }
 
-pub fn terminated(mtm: MainThreadMarker) {
+pub(crate) fn terminated(application: &UIApplication) {
+    let mtm = MainThreadMarker::from(application);
+
+    let mut events = Vec::new();
+    #[allow(deprecated)]
+    for window in application.windows().iter() {
+        if window.is_kind_of::<WinitUIWindow>() {
+            // SAFETY: We just checked that the window is a `winit` window
+            let window = unsafe {
+                let ptr: *const UIWindow = window;
+                let ptr: *const WinitUIWindow = ptr.cast();
+                &*ptr
+            };
+            events.push(EventWrapper::StaticEvent(Event::WindowEvent {
+                window_id: RootWindowId(window.id()),
+                event: WindowEvent::Destroyed,
+            }));
+        }
+    }
+    handle_nonuser_events(mtm, events);
+
     let mut this = AppState::get_mut(mtm);
     let mut handler = this.terminated_transition();
     drop(this);
@@ -791,11 +750,7 @@ pub fn terminated(mtm: MainThreadMarker) {
 }
 
 fn handle_hidpi_proxy(handler: &mut EventLoopHandler, event: ScaleFactorChanged) {
-    let ScaleFactorChanged {
-        suggested_size,
-        scale_factor,
-        window,
-    } = event;
+    let ScaleFactorChanged { suggested_size, scale_factor, window } = event;
     let new_inner_size = Arc::new(Mutex::new(suggested_size));
     let event = Event::WindowEvent {
         window_id: RootWindowId(window.id()),
@@ -814,7 +769,7 @@ fn handle_hidpi_proxy(handler: &mut EventLoopHandler, event: ScaleFactorChanged)
     view.setFrame(new_frame);
 }
 
-fn get_view_and_screen_frame(window: &WinitUIWindow) -> (Id<UIView>, CGRect) {
+fn get_view_and_screen_frame(window: &WinitUIWindow) -> (Retained<UIView>, CGRect) {
     let view_controller = window.rootViewController().unwrap();
     let view = view_controller.view().unwrap();
     let bounds = window.bounds();
@@ -846,7 +801,7 @@ impl EventLoopWaker {
             // future, but that gets changed to fire immediately in did_finish_launching
             let timer = CFRunLoopTimerCreate(
                 ptr::null_mut(),
-                std::f64::MAX,
+                f64::MAX,
                 0.000_000_1,
                 0,
                 0,
@@ -860,11 +815,11 @@ impl EventLoopWaker {
     }
 
     fn stop(&mut self) {
-        unsafe { CFRunLoopTimerSetNextFireDate(self.timer, std::f64::MAX) }
+        unsafe { CFRunLoopTimerSetNextFireDate(self.timer, f64::MAX) }
     }
 
     fn start(&mut self) {
-        unsafe { CFRunLoopTimerSetNextFireDate(self.timer, std::f64::MIN) }
+        unsafe { CFRunLoopTimerSetNextFireDate(self.timer, f64::MIN) }
     }
 
     fn start_at(&mut self, instant: Instant) {
@@ -950,28 +905,21 @@ fn meets_requirements(
 }
 
 fn get_version() -> NSOperatingSystemVersion {
-    unsafe {
-        let process_info = NSProcessInfo::processInfo();
-        let atleast_ios_8: bool = msg_send![
-            &process_info,
-            respondsToSelector: sel!(operatingSystemVersion)
-        ];
-        // winit requires atleast iOS 8 because no one has put the time into supporting earlier os versions.
-        // Older iOS versions are increasingly difficult to test. For example, Xcode 11 does not support
-        // debugging on devices with an iOS version of less than 8. Another example, in order to use an iOS
-        // simulator older than iOS 8, you must download an older version of Xcode (<9), and at least Xcode 7
-        // has been tested to not even run on macOS 10.15 - Xcode 8 might?
-        //
-        // The minimum required iOS version is likely to grow in the future.
-        assert!(atleast_ios_8, "`winit` requires iOS version 8 or greater");
-        process_info.operatingSystemVersion()
-    }
+    let process_info = NSProcessInfo::processInfo();
+    let atleast_ios_8 = process_info.respondsToSelector(sel!(operatingSystemVersion));
+    // Winit requires atleast iOS 8 because no one has put the time into supporting earlier os
+    // versions. Older iOS versions are increasingly difficult to test. For example, Xcode 11 does
+    // not support debugging on devices with an iOS version of less than 8. Another example, in
+    // order to use an iOS simulator older than iOS 8, you must download an older version of Xcode
+    // (<9), and at least Xcode 7 has been tested to not even run on macOS 10.15 - Xcode 8 might?
+    //
+    // The minimum required iOS version is likely to grow in the future.
+    assert!(atleast_ios_8, "`winit` requires iOS version 8 or greater");
+    process_info.operatingSystemVersion()
 }
 
 pub fn os_capabilities() -> OSCapabilities {
     // Cache the version lookup for efficiency
     static OS_CAPABILITIES: OnceLock<OSCapabilities> = OnceLock::new();
-    OS_CAPABILITIES
-        .get_or_init(|| OSCapabilities::from_os_version(get_version()))
-        .clone()
+    OS_CAPABILITIES.get_or_init(|| OSCapabilities::from_os_version(get_version())).clone()
 }

src/platform_impl/ios/event_loop.rs

@@ -1,10 +1,8 @@
-use std::{
-    collections::VecDeque,
-    ffi::c_void,
-    marker::PhantomData,
-    ptr,
-    sync::mpsc::{self, Receiver, Sender},
-};
+use std::collections::VecDeque;
+use std::ffi::{c_char, c_int, c_void};
+use std::marker::PhantomData;
+use std::ptr::{self, NonNull};
+use std::sync::mpsc::{self, Receiver, Sender};
 
 use core_foundation::base::{CFIndex, CFRelease};
 use core_foundation::runloop::{
@@ -13,26 +11,29 @@ use core_foundation::runloop::{
     CFRunLoopObserverCreate, CFRunLoopObserverRef, CFRunLoopSourceContext, CFRunLoopSourceCreate,
     CFRunLoopSourceInvalidate, CFRunLoopSourceRef, CFRunLoopSourceSignal, CFRunLoopWakeUp,
 };
-use icrate::Foundation::{MainThreadMarker, NSString};
-use objc2::ClassType;
-
-use crate::{
-    error::EventLoopError,
-    event::Event,
-    event_loop::{
-        ActiveEventLoop as RootActiveEventLoop, ControlFlow, DeviceEvents, EventLoopClosed,
-    },
-    platform::ios::Idiom,
-    platform_impl::platform::app_state::{EventLoopHandler, HandlePendingUserEvents},
-    window::{CustomCursor, CustomCursorSource},
+use objc2::rc::Retained;
+use objc2::{msg_send_id, ClassType};
+use objc2_foundation::{MainThreadMarker, NSNotificationCenter, NSObject};
+use objc2_ui_kit::{
+    UIApplication, UIApplicationDidBecomeActiveNotification,
+    UIApplicationDidEnterBackgroundNotification, UIApplicationDidFinishLaunchingNotification,
+    UIApplicationDidReceiveMemoryWarningNotification, UIApplicationMain,
+    UIApplicationWillEnterForegroundNotification, UIApplicationWillResignActiveNotification,
+    UIApplicationWillTerminateNotification, UIDevice, UIScreen, UIUserInterfaceIdiom,
 };
 
-use super::{app_delegate::AppDelegate, uikit::UIUserInterfaceIdiom};
+use crate::error::EventLoopError;
+use crate::event::Event;
+use crate::event_loop::{
+    ActiveEventLoop as RootActiveEventLoop, ControlFlow, DeviceEvents, EventLoopClosed,
+};
+use crate::platform::ios::Idiom;
+use crate::platform_impl::ios::app_state::{EventLoopHandler, HandlePendingUserEvents};
+use crate::window::{CustomCursor, CustomCursorSource, Theme};
+
+use super::app_state::{send_occluded_event_for_all_windows, AppState, EventWrapper};
+use super::notification_center::create_observer;
 use super::{app_state, monitor, MonitorHandle};
-use super::{
-    app_state::AppState,
-    uikit::{UIApplication, UIApplicationMain, UIDevice, UIScreen},
-};
 
 #[derive(Debug)]
 pub struct ActiveEventLoop {
@@ -42,9 +43,7 @@ pub struct ActiveEventLoop {
 impl ActiveEventLoop {
     pub fn create_custom_cursor(&self, source: CustomCursorSource) -> CustomCursor {
         let _ = source.inner;
-        CustomCursor {
-            inner: super::PlatformCustomCursor,
-        }
+        CustomCursor { inner: super::PlatformCustomCursor }
     }
 
     pub fn available_monitors(&self) -> VecDeque<MonitorHandle> {
@@ -52,7 +51,8 @@ impl ActiveEventLoop {
     }
 
     pub fn primary_monitor(&self) -> Option<MonitorHandle> {
-        Some(MonitorHandle::new(UIScreen::main(self.mtm)))
+        #[allow(deprecated)]
+        Some(MonitorHandle::new(UIScreen::mainScreen(self.mtm)))
     }
 
     #[inline]
@@ -64,14 +64,17 @@ impl ActiveEventLoop {
         rwh_05::RawDisplayHandle::UiKit(rwh_05::UiKitDisplayHandle::empty())
     }
 
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn system_theme(&self) -> Option<Theme> {
+        None
+    }
+
     #[cfg(feature = "rwh_06")]
     #[inline]
     pub fn raw_display_handle_rwh_06(
         &self,
     ) -> Result<rwh_06::RawDisplayHandle, rwh_06::HandleError> {
-        Ok(rwh_06::RawDisplayHandle::UiKit(
-            rwh_06::UiKitDisplayHandle::new(),
-        ))
+        Ok(rwh_06::RawDisplayHandle::UiKit(rwh_06::UiKitDisplayHandle::new()))
     }
 
     pub(crate) fn set_control_flow(&self, control_flow: ControlFlow) {
@@ -126,7 +129,7 @@ fn map_user_event<T: 'static>(
             for event in receiver.try_iter() {
                 (handler)(Event::UserEvent(event), window_target);
             }
-        }
+        },
     }
 }
 
@@ -135,6 +138,18 @@ pub struct EventLoop<T: 'static> {
     sender: Sender<T>,
     receiver: Receiver<T>,
     window_target: RootActiveEventLoop,
+
+    // Since iOS 9.0, we no longer need to remove the observers before they are deallocated; the
+    // system instead cleans it up next time it would have posted a notification to it.
+    //
+    // Though we do still need to keep the observers around to prevent them from being deallocated.
+    _did_finish_launching_observer: Retained<NSObject>,
+    _did_become_active_observer: Retained<NSObject>,
+    _will_resign_active_observer: Retained<NSObject>,
+    _will_enter_foreground_observer: Retained<NSObject>,
+    _did_enter_background_observer: Retained<NSObject>,
+    _will_terminate_observer: Retained<NSObject>,
+    _did_receive_memory_warning_observer: Retained<NSObject>,
 }
 
 #[derive(Default, Debug, Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
@@ -151,8 +166,7 @@ impl<T: 'static> EventLoop<T> {
         unsafe {
             assert!(
                 !SINGLETON_INIT,
-                "Only one `EventLoop` is supported on iOS. \
-                 `EventLoopProxy` might be helpful"
+                "Only one `EventLoop` is supported on iOS. `EventLoopProxy` might be helpful"
             );
             SINGLETON_INIT = true;
         }
@@ -162,14 +176,97 @@ impl<T: 'static> EventLoop<T> {
         // this line sets up the main run loop before `UIApplicationMain`
         setup_control_flow_observers();
 
+        let center = unsafe { NSNotificationCenter::defaultCenter() };
+
+        let _did_finish_launching_observer = create_observer(
+            &center,
+            // `application:didFinishLaunchingWithOptions:`
+            unsafe { UIApplicationDidFinishLaunchingNotification },
+            move |_| {
+                app_state::did_finish_launching(mtm);
+            },
+        );
+        let _did_become_active_observer = create_observer(
+            &center,
+            // `applicationDidBecomeActive:`
+            unsafe { UIApplicationDidBecomeActiveNotification },
+            move |_| {
+                app_state::handle_nonuser_event(mtm, EventWrapper::StaticEvent(Event::Resumed));
+            },
+        );
+        let _will_resign_active_observer = create_observer(
+            &center,
+            // `applicationWillResignActive:`
+            unsafe { UIApplicationWillResignActiveNotification },
+            move |_| {
+                app_state::handle_nonuser_event(mtm, EventWrapper::StaticEvent(Event::Suspended));
+            },
+        );
+        let _will_enter_foreground_observer = create_observer(
+            &center,
+            // `applicationWillEnterForeground:`
+            unsafe { UIApplicationWillEnterForegroundNotification },
+            move |notification| {
+                let app = unsafe { notification.object() }.expect(
+                    "UIApplicationWillEnterForegroundNotification to have application object",
+                );
+                // SAFETY: The `object` in `UIApplicationWillEnterForegroundNotification` is
+                // documented to be `UIApplication`.
+                let app: Retained<UIApplication> = unsafe { Retained::cast(app) };
+                send_occluded_event_for_all_windows(&app, false);
+            },
+        );
+        let _did_enter_background_observer = create_observer(
+            &center,
+            // `applicationDidEnterBackground:`
+            unsafe { UIApplicationDidEnterBackgroundNotification },
+            move |notification| {
+                let app = unsafe { notification.object() }.expect(
+                    "UIApplicationDidEnterBackgroundNotification to have application object",
+                );
+                // SAFETY: The `object` in `UIApplicationDidEnterBackgroundNotification` is
+                // documented to be `UIApplication`.
+                let app: Retained<UIApplication> = unsafe { Retained::cast(app) };
+                send_occluded_event_for_all_windows(&app, true);
+            },
+        );
+        let _will_terminate_observer = create_observer(
+            &center,
+            // `applicationWillTerminate:`
+            unsafe { UIApplicationWillTerminateNotification },
+            move |notification| {
+                let app = unsafe { notification.object() }
+                    .expect("UIApplicationWillTerminateNotification to have application object");
+                // SAFETY: The `object` in `UIApplicationWillTerminateNotification` is
+                // (somewhat) documented to be `UIApplication`.
+                let app: Retained<UIApplication> = unsafe { Retained::cast(app) };
+                app_state::terminated(&app);
+            },
+        );
+        let _did_receive_memory_warning_observer = create_observer(
+            &center,
+            // `applicationDidReceiveMemoryWarning:`
+            unsafe { UIApplicationDidReceiveMemoryWarningNotification },
+            move |_| {
+                app_state::handle_nonuser_event(
+                    mtm,
+                    EventWrapper::StaticEvent(Event::MemoryWarning),
+                );
+            },
+        );
+
         Ok(EventLoop {
             mtm,
             sender,
             receiver,
-            window_target: RootActiveEventLoop {
-                p: ActiveEventLoop { mtm },
-                _marker: PhantomData,
-            },
+            window_target: RootActiveEventLoop { p: ActiveEventLoop { mtm }, _marker: PhantomData },
+            _did_finish_launching_observer,
+            _did_become_active_observer,
+            _will_resign_active_observer,
+            _will_enter_foreground_observer,
+            _did_enter_background_observer,
+            _will_terminate_observer,
+            _did_receive_memory_warning_observer,
         })
     }
 
@@ -177,12 +274,13 @@ impl<T: 'static> EventLoop<T> {
     where
         F: FnMut(Event<T>, &RootActiveEventLoop),
     {
-        let application = UIApplication::shared(self.mtm);
+        let application: Option<Retained<UIApplication>> =
+            unsafe { msg_send_id![UIApplication::class(), sharedApplication] };
         assert!(
             application.is_none(),
             "\
-                `EventLoop` cannot be `run` after a call to `UIApplicationMain` on iOS\n\
-                 Note: `EventLoop::run_app` calls `UIApplicationMain` on iOS",
+                `EventLoop` cannot be `run` after a call to `UIApplicationMain` on iOS\nNote: \
+             `EventLoop::run_app` calls `UIApplicationMain` on iOS",
         );
 
         let handler = map_user_event(handler, self.receiver);
@@ -194,22 +292,24 @@ impl<T: 'static> EventLoop<T> {
             >(Box::new(handler))
         };
 
-        let handler = EventLoopHandler {
-            handler,
-            event_loop: self.window_target,
-        };
+        let handler = EventLoopHandler { handler, event_loop: self.window_target };
 
         app_state::will_launch(self.mtm, handler);
 
-        // Ensure application delegate is initialized
-        let _ = AppDelegate::class();
+        extern "C" {
+            // These functions are in crt_externs.h.
+            fn _NSGetArgc() -> *mut c_int;
+            fn _NSGetArgv() -> *mut *mut *mut c_char;
+        }
 
         unsafe {
             UIApplicationMain(
-                0,
-                ptr::null(),
+                *_NSGetArgc(),
+                NonNull::new(*_NSGetArgv()).unwrap(),
+                // We intentionally override neither the application nor the delegate, to allow the
+                // user to do so themselves!
+                None,
                 None,
-                Some(&NSString::from_str(AppDelegate::NAME)),
             )
         };
         unreachable!()
@@ -227,7 +327,7 @@ impl<T: 'static> EventLoop<T> {
 // EventLoopExtIOS
 impl<T: 'static> EventLoop<T> {
     pub fn idiom(&self) -> Idiom {
-        match UIDevice::current(self.mtm).userInterfaceIdiom() {
+        match UIDevice::currentDevice(self.mtm).userInterfaceIdiom() {
             UIUserInterfaceIdiom::Unspecified => Idiom::Unspecified,
             UIUserInterfaceIdiom::Phone => Idiom::Phone,
             UIUserInterfaceIdiom::Pad => Idiom::Pad,
@@ -282,8 +382,7 @@ impl<T> EventLoopProxy<T> {
                 cancel: None,
                 perform: event_loop_proxy_handler,
             };
-            let source =
-                CFRunLoopSourceCreate(ptr::null_mut(), CFIndex::max_value() - 1, &mut context);
+            let source = CFRunLoopSourceCreate(ptr::null_mut(), CFIndex::MAX - 1, &mut context);
             CFRunLoopAddSource(rl, source, kCFRunLoopCommonModes);
             CFRunLoopWakeUp(rl);
 
@@ -292,9 +391,7 @@ impl<T> EventLoopProxy<T> {
     }
 
     pub fn send_event(&self, event: T) -> Result<(), EventLoopClosed<T>> {
-        self.sender
-            .send(event)
-            .map_err(|::std::sync::mpsc::SendError(x)| EventLoopClosed(x))?;
+        self.sender.send(event).map_err(|::std::sync::mpsc::SendError(x)| EventLoopClosed(x))?;
         unsafe {
             // let the main thread know there's a new event
             CFRunLoopSourceSignal(self.source);
@@ -307,7 +404,8 @@ impl<T> EventLoopProxy<T> {
 
 fn setup_control_flow_observers() {
     unsafe {
-        // begin is queued with the highest priority to ensure it is processed before other observers
+        // begin is queued with the highest priority to ensure it is processed before other
+        // observers
         extern "C" fn control_flow_begin_handler(
             _: CFRunLoopObserverRef,
             activity: CFRunLoopActivity,
@@ -341,7 +439,7 @@ fn setup_control_flow_observers() {
             #[allow(non_upper_case_globals)]
             match activity {
                 kCFRunLoopBeforeWaiting => app_state::handle_main_events_cleared(mtm),
-                kCFRunLoopExit => {} // may happen when running on macOS
+                kCFRunLoopExit => {}, // may happen when running on macOS
                 _ => unreachable!(),
             }
         }
@@ -356,7 +454,7 @@ fn setup_control_flow_observers() {
             #[allow(non_upper_case_globals)]
             match activity {
                 kCFRunLoopBeforeWaiting => app_state::handle_events_cleared(mtm),
-                kCFRunLoopExit => {} // may happen when running on macOS
+                kCFRunLoopExit => {}, // may happen when running on macOS
                 _ => unreachable!(),
             }
         }
@@ -367,7 +465,7 @@ fn setup_control_flow_observers() {
             ptr::null_mut(),
             kCFRunLoopAfterWaiting,
             1, // repeat = true
-            CFIndex::min_value(),
+            CFIndex::MIN,
             control_flow_begin_handler,
             ptr::null_mut(),
         );
@@ -387,7 +485,7 @@ fn setup_control_flow_observers() {
             ptr::null_mut(),
             kCFRunLoopExit | kCFRunLoopBeforeWaiting,
             1, // repeat = true
-            CFIndex::max_value(),
+            CFIndex::MAX,
             control_flow_end_handler,
             ptr::null_mut(),
         );

src/platform_impl/ios/mod.rs

@@ -1,11 +1,9 @@
-#![cfg(ios_platform)]
 #![allow(clippy::let_unit_value)]
 
-mod app_delegate;
 mod app_state;
 mod event_loop;
 mod monitor;
-mod uikit;
+mod notification_center;
 mod view;
 mod view_controller;
 mod window;
@@ -14,16 +12,15 @@ use std::fmt;
 
 use crate::event::DeviceId as RootDeviceId;
 
-pub(crate) use self::{
-    event_loop::{
-        ActiveEventLoop, EventLoop, EventLoopProxy, OwnedDisplayHandle,
-        PlatformSpecificEventLoopAttributes,
-    },
-    monitor::{MonitorHandle, VideoModeHandle},
-    window::{PlatformSpecificWindowAttributes, Window, WindowId},
+pub(crate) use self::event_loop::{
+    ActiveEventLoop, EventLoop, EventLoopProxy, OwnedDisplayHandle,
+    PlatformSpecificEventLoopAttributes,
+};
+pub(crate) use self::monitor::{MonitorHandle, VideoModeHandle};
+pub(crate) use self::window::{PlatformSpecificWindowAttributes, Window, WindowId};
+pub(crate) use crate::cursor::{
+    NoCustomCursor as PlatformCustomCursor, NoCustomCursor as PlatformCustomCursorSource,
 };
-pub(crate) use crate::cursor::NoCustomCursor as PlatformCustomCursor;
-pub(crate) use crate::cursor::NoCustomCursor as PlatformCustomCursorSource;
 pub(crate) use crate::icon::NoIcon as PlatformIcon;
 pub(crate) use crate::platform_impl::Fullscreen;
 
@@ -35,7 +32,7 @@ pub(crate) use crate::platform_impl::Fullscreen;
 pub struct DeviceId;
 
 impl DeviceId {
-    pub const unsafe fn dummy() -> Self {
+    pub const fn dummy() -> Self {
         DeviceId
     }
 }

src/platform_impl/ios/monitor.rs

@@ -1,31 +1,25 @@
 #![allow(clippy::unnecessary_cast)]
 
-use std::{
-    collections::{BTreeSet, VecDeque},
-    fmt, hash, ptr,
-};
+use std::collections::{BTreeSet, VecDeque};
+use std::{fmt, hash, ptr};
 
-use icrate::Foundation::{MainThreadBound, MainThreadMarker, NSInteger};
 use objc2::mutability::IsRetainable;
-use objc2::rc::Id;
+use objc2::rc::Retained;
 use objc2::Message;
+use objc2_foundation::{run_on_main, MainThreadBound, MainThreadMarker, NSInteger};
+use objc2_ui_kit::{UIScreen, UIScreenMode};
 
-use super::uikit::{UIScreen, UIScreenMode};
-use crate::{
-    dpi::{PhysicalPosition, PhysicalSize},
-    monitor::VideoModeHandle as RootVideoModeHandle,
-    platform_impl::platform::app_state,
-};
+use crate::dpi::{PhysicalPosition, PhysicalSize};
+use crate::monitor::VideoModeHandle as RootVideoModeHandle;
+use crate::platform_impl::platform::app_state;
 
 // Workaround for `MainThreadBound` implementing almost no traits
 #[derive(Debug)]
-struct MainThreadBoundDelegateImpls<T>(MainThreadBound<Id<T>>);
+struct MainThreadBoundDelegateImpls<T>(MainThreadBound<Retained<T>>);
 
 impl<T: IsRetainable + Message> Clone for MainThreadBoundDelegateImpls<T> {
     fn clone(&self) -> Self {
-        Self(MainThreadMarker::run_on_main(|mtm| {
-            MainThreadBound::new(Id::clone(self.0.get(mtm)), mtm)
-        }))
+        Self(run_on_main(|mtm| MainThreadBound::new(Retained::clone(self.0.get(mtm)), mtm)))
     }
 }
 
@@ -33,7 +27,7 @@ impl<T: IsRetainable + Message> hash::Hash for MainThreadBoundDelegateImpls<T> {
     fn hash<H: hash::Hasher>(&self, state: &mut H) {
         // SAFETY: Marker only used to get the pointer
         let mtm = unsafe { MainThreadMarker::new_unchecked() };
-        Id::as_ptr(self.0.get(mtm)).hash(state);
+        Retained::as_ptr(self.0.get(mtm)).hash(state);
     }
 }
 
@@ -41,7 +35,7 @@ impl<T: IsRetainable + Message> PartialEq for MainThreadBoundDelegateImpls<T> {
     fn eq(&self, other: &Self) -> bool {
         // SAFETY: Marker only used to get the pointer
         let mtm = unsafe { MainThreadMarker::new_unchecked() };
-        Id::as_ptr(self.0.get(mtm)) == Id::as_ptr(other.0.get(mtm))
+        Retained::as_ptr(self.0.get(mtm)) == Retained::as_ptr(other.0.get(mtm))
     }
 }
 
@@ -58,8 +52,8 @@ pub struct VideoModeHandle {
 
 impl VideoModeHandle {
     fn new(
-        uiscreen: Id<UIScreen>,
-        screen_mode: Id<UIScreenMode>,
+        uiscreen: Retained<UIScreen>,
+        screen_mode: Retained<UIScreenMode>,
         mtm: MainThreadMarker,
     ) -> VideoModeHandle {
         let refresh_rate_millihertz = refresh_rate_millihertz(&uiscreen);
@@ -89,18 +83,18 @@ impl VideoModeHandle {
         self.monitor.clone()
     }
 
-    pub(super) fn screen_mode(&self, mtm: MainThreadMarker) -> &Id<UIScreenMode> {
+    pub(super) fn screen_mode(&self, mtm: MainThreadMarker) -> &Retained<UIScreenMode> {
         self.screen_mode.0.get(mtm)
     }
 }
 
 pub struct MonitorHandle {
-    ui_screen: MainThreadBound<Id<UIScreen>>,
+    ui_screen: MainThreadBound<Retained<UIScreen>>,
 }
 
 impl Clone for MonitorHandle {
     fn clone(&self) -> Self {
-        MainThreadMarker::run_on_main(|mtm| Self {
+        run_on_main(|mtm| Self {
             ui_screen: MainThreadBound::new(self.ui_screen.get(mtm).clone(), mtm),
         })
     }
@@ -108,13 +102,20 @@ impl Clone for MonitorHandle {
 
 impl hash::Hash for MonitorHandle {
     fn hash<H: hash::Hasher>(&self, state: &mut H) {
-        (self as *const Self).hash(state);
+        // SAFETY: Only getting the pointer.
+        let mtm = unsafe { MainThreadMarker::new_unchecked() };
+        Retained::as_ptr(self.ui_screen.get(mtm)).hash(state);
     }
 }
 
 impl PartialEq for MonitorHandle {
     fn eq(&self, other: &Self) -> bool {
-        ptr::eq(self, other)
+        // SAFETY: Only getting the pointer.
+        let mtm = unsafe { MainThreadMarker::new_unchecked() };
+        ptr::eq(
+            Retained::as_ptr(self.ui_screen.get(mtm)),
+            Retained::as_ptr(other.ui_screen.get(mtm)),
+        )
     }
 }
 
@@ -128,8 +129,10 @@ impl PartialOrd for MonitorHandle {
 
 impl Ord for MonitorHandle {
     fn cmp(&self, other: &Self) -> std::cmp::Ordering {
+        // SAFETY: Only getting the pointer.
         // TODO: Make a better ordering
-        (self as *const Self).cmp(&(other as *const Self))
+        let mtm = unsafe { MainThreadMarker::new_unchecked() };
+        Retained::as_ptr(self.ui_screen.get(mtm)).cmp(&Retained::as_ptr(other.ui_screen.get(mtm)))
     }
 }
 
@@ -146,22 +149,22 @@ impl fmt::Debug for MonitorHandle {
 }
 
 impl MonitorHandle {
-    pub(crate) fn new(ui_screen: Id<UIScreen>) -> Self {
-        // Holding `Id<UIScreen>` implies we're on the main thread.
+    pub(crate) fn new(ui_screen: Retained<UIScreen>) -> Self {
+        // Holding `Retained<UIScreen>` implies we're on the main thread.
         let mtm = MainThreadMarker::new().unwrap();
-        Self {
-            ui_screen: MainThreadBound::new(ui_screen, mtm),
-        }
+        Self { ui_screen: MainThreadBound::new(ui_screen, mtm) }
     }
 
     pub fn name(&self) -> Option<String> {
-        MainThreadMarker::run_on_main(|mtm| {
-            let main = UIScreen::main(mtm);
+        run_on_main(|mtm| {
+            #[allow(deprecated)]
+            let main = UIScreen::mainScreen(mtm);
             if *self.ui_screen(mtm) == main {
                 Some("Primary".to_string())
-            } else if *self.ui_screen(mtm) == main.mirroredScreen() {
+            } else if Some(self.ui_screen(mtm)) == main.mirroredScreen().as_ref() {
                 Some("Mirrored".to_string())
             } else {
+                #[allow(deprecated)]
                 UIScreen::screens(mtm)
                     .iter()
                     .position(|rhs| rhs == &**self.ui_screen(mtm))
@@ -171,33 +174,25 @@ impl MonitorHandle {
     }
 
     pub fn size(&self) -> PhysicalSize<u32> {
-        let bounds = self
-            .ui_screen
-            .get_on_main(|ui_screen| ui_screen.nativeBounds());
+        let bounds = self.ui_screen.get_on_main(|ui_screen| ui_screen.nativeBounds());
         PhysicalSize::new(bounds.size.width as u32, bounds.size.height as u32)
     }
 
     pub fn position(&self) -> PhysicalPosition<i32> {
-        let bounds = self
-            .ui_screen
-            .get_on_main(|ui_screen| ui_screen.nativeBounds());
+        let bounds = self.ui_screen.get_on_main(|ui_screen| ui_screen.nativeBounds());
         (bounds.origin.x as f64, bounds.origin.y as f64).into()
     }
 
     pub fn scale_factor(&self) -> f64 {
-        self.ui_screen
-            .get_on_main(|ui_screen| ui_screen.nativeScale()) as f64
+        self.ui_screen.get_on_main(|ui_screen| ui_screen.nativeScale()) as f64
     }
 
     pub fn refresh_rate_millihertz(&self) -> Option<u32> {
-        Some(
-            self.ui_screen
-                .get_on_main(|ui_screen| refresh_rate_millihertz(ui_screen)),
-        )
+        Some(self.ui_screen.get_on_main(|ui_screen| refresh_rate_millihertz(ui_screen)))
     }
 
     pub fn video_modes(&self) -> impl Iterator<Item = VideoModeHandle> {
-        MainThreadMarker::run_on_main(|mtm| {
+        run_on_main(|mtm| {
             let ui_screen = self.ui_screen(mtm);
             // Use Ord impl of RootVideoModeHandle
 
@@ -213,12 +208,12 @@ impl MonitorHandle {
         })
     }
 
-    pub(crate) fn ui_screen(&self, mtm: MainThreadMarker) -> &Id<UIScreen> {
+    pub(crate) fn ui_screen(&self, mtm: MainThreadMarker) -> &Retained<UIScreen> {
         self.ui_screen.get(mtm)
     }
 
     pub fn preferred_video_mode(&self) -> VideoModeHandle {
-        MainThreadMarker::run_on_main(|mtm| {
+        run_on_main(|mtm| {
             VideoModeHandle::new(
                 self.ui_screen(mtm).clone(),
                 self.ui_screen(mtm).preferredMode().unwrap(),
@@ -253,8 +248,30 @@ fn refresh_rate_millihertz(uiscreen: &UIScreen) -> u32 {
 }
 
 pub fn uiscreens(mtm: MainThreadMarker) -> VecDeque<MonitorHandle> {
-    UIScreen::screens(mtm)
-        .into_iter()
-        .map(MonitorHandle::new)
-        .collect()
+    #[allow(deprecated)]
+    UIScreen::screens(mtm).into_iter().map(MonitorHandle::new).collect()
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use objc2_foundation::NSSet;
+
+    use super::*;
+
+    // Test that UIScreen pointer comparisons are correct.
+    #[test]
+    #[allow(deprecated)]
+    fn screen_comparisons() {
+        // Test code, doesn't matter that it's not thread safe
+        let mtm = unsafe { MainThreadMarker::new_unchecked() };
+
+        assert!(ptr::eq(&*UIScreen::mainScreen(mtm), &*UIScreen::mainScreen(mtm)));
+
+        let main = UIScreen::mainScreen(mtm);
+        assert!(UIScreen::screens(mtm).iter().any(|screen| ptr::eq(screen, &*main)));
+
+        assert!(unsafe {
+            NSSet::setWithArray(&UIScreen::screens(mtm)).containsObject(&UIScreen::mainScreen(mtm))
+        });
+    }
 }

src/platform_impl/ios/notification_center.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+use std::ptr::NonNull;
+
+use block2::RcBlock;
+use objc2::rc::Retained;
+use objc2_foundation::{NSNotification, NSNotificationCenter, NSNotificationName, NSObject};
+
+/// Observe the given notification.
+///
+/// This is used in Winit as an alternative to declaring an application delegate, as we want to
+/// give the user full control over those.
+pub fn create_observer(
+    center: &NSNotificationCenter,
+    name: &NSNotificationName,
+    handler: impl Fn(&NSNotification) + 'static,
+) -> Retained<NSObject> {
+    let block = RcBlock::new(move |notification: NonNull<NSNotification>| {
+        handler(unsafe { notification.as_ref() });
+    });
+    unsafe {
+        center.addObserverForName_object_queue_usingBlock(
+            Some(name),
+            None, // No sender filter
+            None, // No queue, run on posting thread (i.e. main thread)
+            &block,
+        )
+    }
+}

src/platform_impl/ios/uikit/application.rs

@@ -1,31 +0,0 @@
-use icrate::Foundation::{CGRect, MainThreadMarker, NSArray, NSObject};
-use objc2::rc::Id;
-use objc2::{extern_class, extern_methods, msg_send_id, mutability, ClassType};
-
-use super::{UIResponder, UIWindow};
-
-extern_class!(
-    #[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
-    pub(crate) struct UIApplication;
-
-    unsafe impl ClassType for UIApplication {
-        #[inherits(NSObject)]
-        type Super = UIResponder;
-        type Mutability = mutability::InteriorMutable;
-    }
-);
-
-extern_methods!(
-    unsafe impl UIApplication {
-        pub fn shared(_mtm: MainThreadMarker) -> Option<Id<Self>> {
-            unsafe { msg_send_id![Self::class(), sharedApplication] }
-        }
-
-        pub fn windows(&self) -> Id<NSArray<UIWindow>> {
-            unsafe { msg_send_id![self, windows] }
-        }
-
-        #[method(statusBarFrame)]
-        pub fn statusBarFrame(&self) -> CGRect;
-    }
-);

src/platform_impl/ios/uikit/coordinate_space.rs

@@ -1,12 +0,0 @@
-use icrate::Foundation::NSObject;
-use objc2::{extern_class, mutability, ClassType};
-
-extern_class!(
-    #[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
-    pub(crate) struct UICoordinateSpace;
-
-    unsafe impl ClassType for UICoordinateSpace {
-        type Super = NSObject;
-        type Mutability = mutability::InteriorMutable;
-    }
-);

src/platform_impl/ios/uikit/device.rs

@@ -1,41 +0,0 @@
-use icrate::Foundation::{MainThreadMarker, NSInteger, NSObject};
-use objc2::encode::{Encode, Encoding};
-use objc2::rc::Id;
-use objc2::{extern_class, extern_methods, msg_send_id, mutability, ClassType};
-
-extern_class!(
-    #[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
-    pub(crate) struct UIDevice;
-
-    unsafe impl ClassType for UIDevice {
-        type Super = NSObject;
-        type Mutability = mutability::InteriorMutable;
-    }
-);
-
-extern_methods!(
-    unsafe impl UIDevice {
-        pub fn current(_mtm: MainThreadMarker) -> Id<Self> {
-            unsafe { msg_send_id![Self::class(), currentDevice] }
-        }
-
-        #[method(userInterfaceIdiom)]
-        pub fn userInterfaceIdiom(&self) -> UIUserInterfaceIdiom;
-    }
-);
-
-#[repr(transparent)]
-#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
-pub struct UIUserInterfaceIdiom(NSInteger);
-
-unsafe impl Encode for UIUserInterfaceIdiom {
-    const ENCODING: Encoding = NSInteger::ENCODING;
-}
-
-impl UIUserInterfaceIdiom {
-    pub const Unspecified: UIUserInterfaceIdiom = UIUserInterfaceIdiom(-1);
-    pub const Phone: UIUserInterfaceIdiom = UIUserInterfaceIdiom(0);
-    pub const Pad: UIUserInterfaceIdiom = UIUserInterfaceIdiom(1);
-    pub const TV: UIUserInterfaceIdiom = UIUserInterfaceIdiom(2);
-    pub const CarPlay: UIUserInterfaceIdiom = UIUserInterfaceIdiom(3);
-}

src/platform_impl/ios/uikit/event.rs

@@ -1,12 +0,0 @@
-use icrate::Foundation::NSObject;
-use objc2::{extern_class, mutability, ClassType};
-
-extern_class!(
-    #[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
-    pub(crate) struct UIEvent;
-
-    unsafe impl ClassType for UIEvent {
-        type Super = NSObject;
-        type Mutability = mutability::InteriorMutable;
-    }
-);

src/platform_impl/ios/uikit/geometry.rs

@@ -1,14 +0,0 @@
-use icrate::Foundation::NSUInteger;
-use objc2::encode::{Encode, Encoding};
-
-#[repr(transparent)]
-#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
-pub struct UIRectEdge(pub NSUInteger);
-
-impl UIRectEdge {
-    pub const NONE: Self = Self(0);
-}
-
-unsafe impl Encode for UIRectEdge {
-    const ENCODING: Encoding = NSUInteger::ENCODING;
-}

src/platform_impl/ios/uikit/gesture_recognizer.rs

@@ -1,121 +0,0 @@
-use icrate::Foundation::{CGFloat, NSInteger, NSObject, NSUInteger};
-use objc2::{
-    encode::{Encode, Encoding},
-    extern_class, extern_methods, mutability, ClassType,
-};
-
-// https://developer.apple.com/documentation/uikit/uigesturerecognizer
-extern_class!(
-    #[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
-    pub(crate) struct UIGestureRecognizer;
-
-    unsafe impl ClassType for UIGestureRecognizer {
-        type Super = NSObject;
-        type Mutability = mutability::InteriorMutable;
-    }
-);
-
-extern_methods!(
-    unsafe impl UIGestureRecognizer {
-        #[method(state)]
-        pub fn state(&self) -> UIGestureRecognizerState;
-    }
-);
-
-unsafe impl Encode for UIGestureRecognizer {
-    const ENCODING: Encoding = Encoding::Object;
-}
-
-// https://developer.apple.com/documentation/uikit/uigesturerecognizer/state
-#[repr(transparent)]
-#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
-pub struct UIGestureRecognizerState(NSInteger);
-
-unsafe impl Encode for UIGestureRecognizerState {
-    const ENCODING: Encoding = NSInteger::ENCODING;
-}
-
-#[allow(dead_code)]
-impl UIGestureRecognizerState {
-    pub const Possible: Self = Self(0);
-    pub const Began: Self = Self(1);
-    pub const Changed: Self = Self(2);
-    pub const Ended: Self = Self(3);
-    pub const Cancelled: Self = Self(4);
-    pub const Failed: Self = Self(5);
-}
-
-// https://developer.apple.com/documentation/uikit/uipinchgesturerecognizer
-extern_class!(
-    #[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
-    pub(crate) struct UIPinchGestureRecognizer;
-
-    unsafe impl ClassType for UIPinchGestureRecognizer {
-        type Super = UIGestureRecognizer;
-        type Mutability = mutability::InteriorMutable;
-    }
-);
-
-extern_methods!(
-    unsafe impl UIPinchGestureRecognizer {
-        #[method(scale)]
-        pub fn scale(&self) -> CGFloat;
-
-        #[method(velocity)]
-        pub fn velocity(&self) -> CGFloat;
-    }
-);
-
-unsafe impl Encode for UIPinchGestureRecognizer {
-    const ENCODING: Encoding = Encoding::Object;
-}
-
-// https://developer.apple.com/documentation/uikit/uirotationgesturerecognizer
-extern_class!(
-    #[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
-    pub(crate) struct UIRotationGestureRecognizer;
-
-    unsafe impl ClassType for UIRotationGestureRecognizer {
-        type Super = UIGestureRecognizer;
-        type Mutability = mutability::InteriorMutable;
-    }
-);
-
-extern_methods!(
-    unsafe impl UIRotationGestureRecognizer {
-        #[method(rotation)]
-        pub fn rotation(&self) -> CGFloat;
-
-        #[method(velocity)]
-        pub fn velocity(&self) -> CGFloat;
-    }
-);
-
-unsafe impl Encode for UIRotationGestureRecognizer {
-    const ENCODING: Encoding = Encoding::Object;
-}
-
-// https://developer.apple.com/documentation/uikit/uitapgesturerecognizer
-extern_class!(
-    #[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
-    pub(crate) struct UITapGestureRecognizer;
-
-    unsafe impl ClassType for UITapGestureRecognizer {
-        type Super = UIGestureRecognizer;
-        type Mutability = mutability::InteriorMutable;
-    }
-);
-
-extern_methods!(
-    unsafe impl UITapGestureRecognizer {
-        #[method(setNumberOfTapsRequired:)]
-        pub fn setNumberOfTapsRequired(&self, number_of_taps_required: NSUInteger);
-
-        #[method(setNumberOfTouchesRequired:)]
-        pub fn setNumberOfTouchesRequired(&self, number_of_touches_required: NSUInteger);
-    }
-);
-
-unsafe impl Encode for UITapGestureRecognizer {
-    const ENCODING: Encoding = Encoding::Object;
-}

src/platform_impl/ios/uikit/mod.rs

@@ -1,52 +0,0 @@
-#![allow(non_snake_case)]
-#![allow(non_upper_case_globals)]
-
-use std::os::raw::{c_char, c_int};
-
-use icrate::Foundation::NSString;
-
-mod application;
-mod coordinate_space;
-mod device;
-mod event;
-mod geometry;
-mod gesture_recognizer;
-mod responder;
-mod screen;
-mod screen_mode;
-mod status_bar_style;
-mod touch;
-mod trait_collection;
-mod view;
-mod view_controller;
-mod window;
-
-pub(crate) use self::application::UIApplication;
-pub(crate) use self::coordinate_space::UICoordinateSpace;
-pub(crate) use self::device::{UIDevice, UIUserInterfaceIdiom};
-pub(crate) use self::event::UIEvent;
-pub(crate) use self::geometry::UIRectEdge;
-pub(crate) use self::gesture_recognizer::{
-    UIGestureRecognizer, UIGestureRecognizerState, UIPinchGestureRecognizer,
-    UIRotationGestureRecognizer, UITapGestureRecognizer,
-};
-pub(crate) use self::responder::UIResponder;
-pub(crate) use self::screen::{UIScreen, UIScreenOverscanCompensation};
-pub(crate) use self::screen_mode::UIScreenMode;
-pub(crate) use self::status_bar_style::UIStatusBarStyle;
-pub(crate) use self::touch::{UITouch, UITouchPhase, UITouchType};
-pub(crate) use self::trait_collection::{UIForceTouchCapability, UITraitCollection};
-#[allow(unused_imports)]
-pub(crate) use self::view::{UIEdgeInsets, UIView};
-pub(crate) use self::view_controller::{UIInterfaceOrientationMask, UIViewController};
-pub(crate) use self::window::UIWindow;
-
-#[link(name = "UIKit", kind = "framework")]
-extern "C" {
-    pub fn UIApplicationMain(
-        argc: c_int,
-        argv: *const c_char,
-        principalClassName: Option<&NSString>,
-        delegateClassName: Option<&NSString>,
-    ) -> c_int;
-}

src/platform_impl/ios/uikit/responder.rs

@@ -1,12 +0,0 @@
-use icrate::Foundation::NSObject;
-use objc2::{extern_class, mutability, ClassType};
-
-extern_class!(
-    #[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
-    pub(crate) struct UIResponder;
-
-    unsafe impl ClassType for UIResponder {
-        type Super = NSObject;
-        type Mutability = mutability::InteriorMutable;
-    }
-);

src/platform_impl/ios/uikit/screen.rs

@@ -1,80 +0,0 @@
-use icrate::Foundation::{CGFloat, CGRect, MainThreadMarker, NSArray, NSInteger, NSObject};
-use objc2::encode::{Encode, Encoding};
-use objc2::rc::Id;
-use objc2::{extern_class, extern_methods, msg_send_id, mutability, ClassType};
-
-use super::{UICoordinateSpace, UIScreenMode};
-
-extern_class!(
-    #[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
-    pub(crate) struct UIScreen;
-
-    unsafe impl ClassType for UIScreen {
-        type Super = NSObject;
-        type Mutability = mutability::InteriorMutable;
-    }
-);
-
-extern_methods!(
-    unsafe impl UIScreen {
-        pub fn main(_mtm: MainThreadMarker) -> Id<Self> {
-            unsafe { msg_send_id![Self::class(), mainScreen] }
-        }
-
-        pub fn screens(_mtm: MainThreadMarker) -> Id<NSArray<Self>> {
-            unsafe { msg_send_id![Self::class(), screens] }
-        }
-
-        #[method(bounds)]
-        pub fn bounds(&self) -> CGRect;
-
-        #[method(scale)]
-        pub fn scale(&self) -> CGFloat;
-
-        #[method(nativeBounds)]
-        pub fn nativeBounds(&self) -> CGRect;
-
-        #[method(nativeScale)]
-        pub fn nativeScale(&self) -> CGFloat;
-
-        #[method(maximumFramesPerSecond)]
-        pub fn maximumFramesPerSecond(&self) -> NSInteger;
-
-        pub fn mirroredScreen(&self) -> Id<Self> {
-            unsafe { msg_send_id![Self::class(), mirroredScreen] }
-        }
-
-        pub fn preferredMode(&self) -> Option<Id<UIScreenMode>> {
-            unsafe { msg_send_id![self, preferredMode] }
-        }
-
-        #[method(setCurrentMode:)]
-        pub fn setCurrentMode(&self, mode: Option<&UIScreenMode>);
-
-        pub fn availableModes(&self) -> Id<NSArray<UIScreenMode>> {
-            unsafe { msg_send_id![self, availableModes] }
-        }
-
-        #[method(setOverscanCompensation:)]
-        pub fn setOverscanCompensation(&self, overscanCompensation: UIScreenOverscanCompensation);
-
-        pub fn coordinateSpace(&self) -> Id<UICoordinateSpace> {
-            unsafe { msg_send_id![self, coordinateSpace] }
-        }
-    }
-);
-
-#[repr(transparent)]
-#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
-pub struct UIScreenOverscanCompensation(NSInteger);
-
-unsafe impl Encode for UIScreenOverscanCompensation {
-    const ENCODING: Encoding = NSInteger::ENCODING;
-}
-
-#[allow(dead_code)]
-impl UIScreenOverscanCompensation {
-    pub const Scale: Self = Self(0);
-    pub const InsetBounds: Self = Self(1);
-    pub const None: Self = Self(2);
-}

src/platform_impl/ios/uikit/screen_mode.rs

@@ -1,19 +0,0 @@
-use icrate::Foundation::{CGSize, NSObject};
-use objc2::{extern_class, extern_methods, mutability, ClassType};
-
-extern_class!(
-    #[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
-    pub(crate) struct UIScreenMode;
-
-    unsafe impl ClassType for UIScreenMode {
-        type Super = NSObject;
-        type Mutability = mutability::InteriorMutable;
-    }
-);
-
-extern_methods!(
-    unsafe impl UIScreenMode {
-        #[method(size)]
-        pub fn size(&self) -> CGSize;
-    }
-);

src/platform_impl/ios/uikit/status_bar_style.rs

@@ -1,16 +0,0 @@
-use icrate::Foundation::NSInteger;
-use objc2::encode::{Encode, Encoding};
-
-#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, Default, PartialEq, Eq)]
-#[allow(dead_code)]
-#[repr(isize)]
-pub enum UIStatusBarStyle {
-    #[default]
-    Default = 0,
-    LightContent = 1,
-    DarkContent = 3,
-}
-
-unsafe impl Encode for UIStatusBarStyle {
-    const ENCODING: Encoding = NSInteger::ENCODING;
-}

src/platform_impl/ios/uikit/touch.rs

@@ -1,65 +0,0 @@
-use icrate::Foundation::{CGFloat, CGPoint, NSInteger, NSObject};
-use objc2::encode::{Encode, Encoding};
-use objc2::{extern_class, extern_methods, mutability, ClassType};
-
-use super::UIView;
-
-extern_class!(
-    #[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
-    pub(crate) struct UITouch;
-
-    unsafe impl ClassType for UITouch {
-        type Super = NSObject;
-        type Mutability = mutability::InteriorMutable;
-    }
-);
-
-extern_methods!(
-    unsafe impl UITouch {
-        #[method(locationInView:)]
-        pub fn locationInView(&self, view: Option<&UIView>) -> CGPoint;
-
-        #[method(type)]
-        pub fn type_(&self) -> UITouchType;
-
-        #[method(force)]
-        pub fn force(&self) -> CGFloat;
-
-        #[method(maximumPossibleForce)]
-        pub fn maximumPossibleForce(&self) -> CGFloat;
-
-        #[method(altitudeAngle)]
-        pub fn altitudeAngle(&self) -> CGFloat;
-
-        #[method(phase)]
-        pub fn phase(&self) -> UITouchPhase;
-    }
-);
-
-#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
-#[allow(dead_code)]
-#[repr(isize)]
-pub enum UITouchType {
-    Direct = 0,
-    Indirect,
-    Pencil,
-}
-
-unsafe impl Encode for UITouchType {
-    const ENCODING: Encoding = NSInteger::ENCODING;
-}
-
-#[derive(Debug)]
-#[allow(dead_code)]
-#[repr(isize)]
-pub enum UITouchPhase {
-    Began = 0,
-    Moved,
-    Stationary,
-    Ended,
-    Cancelled,
-}
-
-unsafe impl Encode for UITouchPhase {
-    const ENCODING: Encoding = NSInteger::ENCODING;
-}

src/platform_impl/ios/uikit/trait_collection.rs

@@ -1,33 +0,0 @@
-use icrate::Foundation::{NSInteger, NSObject};
-use objc2::encode::{Encode, Encoding};
-use objc2::{extern_class, extern_methods, mutability, ClassType};
-
-extern_class!(
-    #[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
-    pub(crate) struct UITraitCollection;
-
-    unsafe impl ClassType for UITraitCollection {
-        type Super = NSObject;
-        type Mutability = mutability::InteriorMutable;
-    }
-);
-
-extern_methods!(
-    unsafe impl UITraitCollection {
-        #[method(forceTouchCapability)]
-        pub fn forceTouchCapability(&self) -> UIForceTouchCapability;
-    }
-);
-
-#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
-#[allow(dead_code)]
-#[repr(isize)]
-pub enum UIForceTouchCapability {
-    Unknown = 0,
-    Unavailable,
-    Available,
-}
-
-unsafe impl Encode for UIForceTouchCapability {
-    const ENCODING: Encoding = NSInteger::ENCODING;
-}

src/platform_impl/ios/uikit/view.rs

@@ -1,96 +0,0 @@
-use icrate::Foundation::{CGFloat, CGRect, NSObject};
-use objc2::encode::{Encode, Encoding};
-use objc2::rc::Id;
-use objc2::{extern_class, extern_methods, msg_send_id, mutability, ClassType};
-
-use super::{UICoordinateSpace, UIGestureRecognizer, UIResponder, UIViewController};
-
-extern_class!(
-    #[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
-    pub(crate) struct UIView;
-
-    unsafe impl ClassType for UIView {
-        #[inherits(NSObject)]
-        type Super = UIResponder;
-        type Mutability = mutability::InteriorMutable;
-    }
-);
-
-extern_methods!(
-    unsafe impl UIView {
-        #[method(bounds)]
-        pub fn bounds(&self) -> CGRect;
-
-        #[method(setBounds:)]
-        pub fn setBounds(&self, value: CGRect);
-
-        #[method(frame)]
-        pub fn frame(&self) -> CGRect;
-
-        #[method(setFrame:)]
-        pub fn setFrame(&self, value: CGRect);
-
-        #[method(contentScaleFactor)]
-        pub fn contentScaleFactor(&self) -> CGFloat;
-
-        #[method(setContentScaleFactor:)]
-        pub fn setContentScaleFactor(&self, val: CGFloat);
-
-        #[method(setMultipleTouchEnabled:)]
-        pub fn setMultipleTouchEnabled(&self, val: bool);
-
-        pub fn rootViewController(&self) -> Option<Id<UIViewController>> {
-            unsafe { msg_send_id![self, rootViewController] }
-        }
-
-        #[method(setRootViewController:)]
-        pub fn setRootViewController(&self, rootViewController: Option<&UIViewController>);
-
-        #[method(convertRect:toCoordinateSpace:)]
-        pub fn convertRect_toCoordinateSpace(
-            &self,
-            rect: CGRect,
-            coordinateSpace: &UICoordinateSpace,
-        ) -> CGRect;
-
-        #[method(convertRect:fromCoordinateSpace:)]
-        pub fn convertRect_fromCoordinateSpace(
-            &self,
-            rect: CGRect,
-            coordinateSpace: &UICoordinateSpace,
-        ) -> CGRect;
-
-        #[method(safeAreaInsets)]
-        pub fn safeAreaInsets(&self) -> UIEdgeInsets;
-
-        #[method(setNeedsDisplay)]
-        pub fn setNeedsDisplay(&self);
-
-        #[method(addGestureRecognizer:)]
-        pub fn addGestureRecognizer(&self, gestureRecognizer: &UIGestureRecognizer);
-
-        #[method(removeGestureRecognizer:)]
-        pub fn removeGestureRecognizer(&self, gestureRecognizer: &UIGestureRecognizer);
-    }
-);
-
-#[repr(C)]
-#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
-pub struct UIEdgeInsets {
-    pub top: CGFloat,
-    pub left: CGFloat,
-    pub bottom: CGFloat,
-    pub right: CGFloat,
-}
-
-unsafe impl Encode for UIEdgeInsets {
-    const ENCODING: Encoding = Encoding::Struct(
-        "UIEdgeInsets",
-        &[
-            CGFloat::ENCODING,
-            CGFloat::ENCODING,
-            CGFloat::ENCODING,
-            CGFloat::ENCODING,
-        ],
-    );
-}

src/platform_impl/ios/uikit/view_controller.rs

@@ -1,57 +0,0 @@
-use icrate::Foundation::{NSObject, NSUInteger};
-use objc2::encode::{Encode, Encoding};
-use objc2::rc::Id;
-use objc2::{extern_class, extern_methods, msg_send_id, mutability, ClassType};
-
-use super::{UIResponder, UIView};
-
-extern_class!(
-    #[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
-    pub(crate) struct UIViewController;
-
-    unsafe impl ClassType for UIViewController {
-        #[inherits(NSObject)]
-        type Super = UIResponder;
-        type Mutability = mutability::InteriorMutable;
-    }
-);
-
-extern_methods!(
-    unsafe impl UIViewController {
-        #[method(attemptRotationToDeviceOrientation)]
-        pub fn attemptRotationToDeviceOrientation();
-
-        #[method(setNeedsStatusBarAppearanceUpdate)]
-        pub fn setNeedsStatusBarAppearanceUpdate(&self);
-
-        #[method(setNeedsUpdateOfHomeIndicatorAutoHidden)]
-        pub fn setNeedsUpdateOfHomeIndicatorAutoHidden(&self);
-
-        #[method(setNeedsUpdateOfScreenEdgesDeferringSystemGestures)]
-        pub fn setNeedsUpdateOfScreenEdgesDeferringSystemGestures(&self);
-
-        pub fn view(&self) -> Option<Id<UIView>> {
-            unsafe { msg_send_id![self, view] }
-        }
-
-        #[method(setView:)]
-        pub fn setView(&self, view: Option<&UIView>);
-    }
-);
-
-bitflags::bitflags! {
-    #[derive(Clone, Copy)]
-    pub struct UIInterfaceOrientationMask: NSUInteger {
-        const Portrait = 1 << 1;
-        const PortraitUpsideDown = 1 << 2;
-        const LandscapeRight = 1 << 3;
-        const LandscapeLeft = 1 << 4;
-        const Landscape = Self::LandscapeLeft.bits() | Self::LandscapeRight.bits();
-        const AllButUpsideDown = Self::Landscape.bits() | Self::Portrait.bits();
-        const All = Self::AllButUpsideDown.bits() | Self::PortraitUpsideDown.bits();
-    }
-}
-
-unsafe impl Encode for UIInterfaceOrientationMask {
-    const ENCODING: Encoding = NSUInteger::ENCODING;
-}

src/platform_impl/ios/uikit/window.rs

@@ -1,36 +0,0 @@
-use icrate::Foundation::NSObject;
-use objc2::rc::Id;
-use objc2::{extern_class, extern_methods, msg_send_id, mutability, ClassType};
-
-use super::{UIResponder, UIScreen, UIView};
-
-extern_class!(
-    #[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
-    pub(crate) struct UIWindow;
-
-    unsafe impl ClassType for UIWindow {
-        #[inherits(UIResponder, NSObject)]
-        type Super = UIView;
-        type Mutability = mutability::InteriorMutable;
-    }
-);
-
-extern_methods!(
-    unsafe impl UIWindow {
-        pub fn screen(&self) -> Id<UIScreen> {
-            unsafe { msg_send_id![self, screen] }
-        }
-
-        #[method(setScreen:)]
-        pub fn setScreen(&self, screen: &UIScreen);
-
-        #[method(setHidden:)]
-        pub fn setHidden(&self, flag: bool);
-
-        #[method(makeKeyAndVisible)]
-        pub fn makeKeyAndVisible(&self);
-
-        #[method(isKeyWindow)]
-        pub fn isKeyWindow(&self) -> bool;
-    }
-);

src/platform_impl/ios/view.rs

@@ -1,31 +1,36 @@
 #![allow(clippy::unnecessary_cast)]
-use std::cell::RefCell;
+use std::cell::{Cell, RefCell};
 
-use icrate::Foundation::{CGFloat, CGRect, MainThreadMarker, NSObject, NSSet};
-use objc2::rc::Id;
-use objc2::runtime::AnyClass;
-use objc2::{
-    declare_class, extern_methods, msg_send, msg_send_id, mutability, sel, ClassType, DeclaredClass,
+use objc2::rc::Retained;
+use objc2::runtime::{NSObjectProtocol, ProtocolObject};
+use objc2::{declare_class, msg_send, msg_send_id, mutability, sel, ClassType, DeclaredClass};
+use objc2_foundation::{CGFloat, CGPoint, CGRect, MainThreadMarker, NSObject, NSSet, NSString};
+use objc2_ui_kit::{
+    UICoordinateSpace, UIEvent, UIForceTouchCapability, UIGestureRecognizer,
+    UIGestureRecognizerDelegate, UIGestureRecognizerState, UIKeyInput, UIPanGestureRecognizer,
+    UIPinchGestureRecognizer, UIResponder, UIRotationGestureRecognizer, UITapGestureRecognizer,
+    UITextInputTraits, UITouch, UITouchPhase, UITouchType, UITraitEnvironment, UIView,
 };
 
 use super::app_state::{self, EventWrapper};
-use super::uikit::{
-    UIEvent, UIForceTouchCapability, UIGestureRecognizerState, UIPinchGestureRecognizer,
-    UIResponder, UIRotationGestureRecognizer, UITapGestureRecognizer, UITouch, UITouchPhase,
-    UITouchType, UITraitCollection, UIView,
-};
 use super::window::WinitUIWindow;
-use crate::{
-    dpi::PhysicalPosition,
-    event::{Event, Force, Touch, TouchPhase, WindowEvent},
-    platform_impl::platform::DEVICE_ID,
-    window::{WindowAttributes, WindowId as RootWindowId},
-};
+use crate::dpi::PhysicalPosition;
+use crate::event::{ElementState, Event, Force, KeyEvent, Touch, TouchPhase, WindowEvent};
+use crate::keyboard::{Key, KeyCode, KeyLocation, NamedKey, NativeKeyCode, PhysicalKey};
+use crate::platform_impl::platform::DEVICE_ID;
+use crate::platform_impl::KeyEventExtra;
+use crate::window::{WindowAttributes, WindowId as RootWindowId};
 
 pub struct WinitViewState {
-    pinch_gesture_recognizer: RefCell<Option<Id<UIPinchGestureRecognizer>>>,
-    doubletap_gesture_recognizer: RefCell<Option<Id<UITapGestureRecognizer>>>,
-    rotation_gesture_recognizer: RefCell<Option<Id<UIRotationGestureRecognizer>>>,
+    pinch_gesture_recognizer: RefCell<Option<Retained<UIPinchGestureRecognizer>>>,
+    doubletap_gesture_recognizer: RefCell<Option<Retained<UITapGestureRecognizer>>>,
+    rotation_gesture_recognizer: RefCell<Option<Retained<UIRotationGestureRecognizer>>>,
+    pan_gesture_recognizer: RefCell<Option<Retained<UIPanGestureRecognizer>>>,
+
+    // for iOS delta references the start of the Gesture
+    rotation_last_delta: Cell<CGFloat>,
+    pinch_last_delta: Cell<CGFloat>,
+    pan_last_delta: Cell<CGPoint>,
 }
 
 declare_class!(
@@ -34,7 +39,7 @@ declare_class!(
     unsafe impl ClassType for WinitView {
         #[inherits(UIResponder, NSObject)]
         type Super = UIView;
-        type Mutability = mutability::InteriorMutable;
+        type Mutability = mutability::MainThreadOnly;
         const NAME: &'static str = "WinitUIView";
     }
 
@@ -167,21 +172,32 @@ declare_class!(
         fn pinch_gesture(&self, recognizer: &UIPinchGestureRecognizer) {
             let window = self.window().unwrap();
 
-            let phase = match recognizer.state() {
-                UIGestureRecognizerState::Began => TouchPhase::Started,
-                UIGestureRecognizerState::Changed => TouchPhase::Moved,
-                UIGestureRecognizerState::Ended => TouchPhase::Ended,
-                UIGestureRecognizerState::Cancelled | UIGestureRecognizerState::Failed => {
-                    TouchPhase::Cancelled
+            let (phase, delta) = match recognizer.state() {
+                UIGestureRecognizerState::Began => {
+                    self.ivars().pinch_last_delta.set(recognizer.scale());
+                    (TouchPhase::Started, 0.0)
                 }
-                state => panic!("unexpected recognizer state: {:?}", state),
+                UIGestureRecognizerState::Changed => {
+                    let last_scale: f64 = self.ivars().pinch_last_delta.replace(recognizer.scale());
+                    (TouchPhase::Moved, recognizer.scale() - last_scale)
+                }
+                UIGestureRecognizerState::Ended => {
+                    let last_scale: f64 = self.ivars().pinch_last_delta.replace(0.0);
+                    (TouchPhase::Moved, recognizer.scale() - last_scale)
+                }
+                UIGestureRecognizerState::Cancelled | UIGestureRecognizerState::Failed => {
+                    self.ivars().rotation_last_delta.set(0.0);
+                    // Pass -delta so that action is reversed
+                    (TouchPhase::Cancelled, -recognizer.scale())
+                }
+                state => panic!("unexpected recognizer state: {state:?}"),
             };
 
             let gesture_event = EventWrapper::StaticEvent(Event::WindowEvent {
                 window_id: RootWindowId(window.id()),
                 event: WindowEvent::PinchGesture {
                     device_id: DEVICE_ID,
-                    delta: recognizer.velocity() as _,
+                    delta: delta as f64,
                     phase,
                 },
             });
@@ -211,23 +227,37 @@ declare_class!(
         fn rotation_gesture(&self, recognizer: &UIRotationGestureRecognizer) {
             let window = self.window().unwrap();
 
-            let phase = match recognizer.state() {
-                UIGestureRecognizerState::Began => TouchPhase::Started,
-                UIGestureRecognizerState::Changed => TouchPhase::Moved,
-                UIGestureRecognizerState::Ended => TouchPhase::Ended,
-                UIGestureRecognizerState::Cancelled | UIGestureRecognizerState::Failed => {
-                    TouchPhase::Cancelled
+            let (phase, delta) = match recognizer.state() {
+                UIGestureRecognizerState::Began => {
+                    self.ivars().rotation_last_delta.set(0.0);
+
+                    (TouchPhase::Started, 0.0)
                 }
-                state => panic!("unexpected recognizer state: {:?}", state),
+                UIGestureRecognizerState::Changed => {
+                    let last_rotation = self.ivars().rotation_last_delta.replace(recognizer.rotation());
+
+                    (TouchPhase::Moved, recognizer.rotation() - last_rotation)
+                }
+                UIGestureRecognizerState::Ended => {
+                    let last_rotation = self.ivars().rotation_last_delta.replace(0.0);
+
+                    (TouchPhase::Ended, recognizer.rotation() - last_rotation)
+                }
+                UIGestureRecognizerState::Cancelled | UIGestureRecognizerState::Failed => {
+                    self.ivars().rotation_last_delta.set(0.0);
+
+                    // Pass -delta so that action is reversed
+                    (TouchPhase::Cancelled, -recognizer.rotation())
+                }
+                state => panic!("unexpected recognizer state: {state:?}"),
             };
 
-            // Flip the velocity to match macOS.
-            let delta = -recognizer.velocity() as _;
+            // Make delta negative to match macos, convert to degrees
             let gesture_event = EventWrapper::StaticEvent(Event::WindowEvent {
                 window_id: RootWindowId(window.id()),
                 event: WindowEvent::RotationGesture {
                     device_id: DEVICE_ID,
-                    delta,
+                    delta: -delta.to_degrees() as _,
                     phase,
                 },
             });
@@ -235,38 +265,111 @@ declare_class!(
             let mtm = MainThreadMarker::new().unwrap();
             app_state::handle_nonuser_event(mtm, gesture_event);
         }
+
+        #[method(panGesture:)]
+        fn pan_gesture(&self, recognizer: &UIPanGestureRecognizer) {
+            let window = self.window().unwrap();
+
+            let translation = recognizer.translationInView(Some(self));
+
+            let (phase, dx, dy) = match recognizer.state() {
+                UIGestureRecognizerState::Began => {
+                    self.ivars().pan_last_delta.set(translation);
+
+                    (TouchPhase::Started, 0.0, 0.0)
+                }
+                UIGestureRecognizerState::Changed => {
+                    let last_pan: CGPoint = self.ivars().pan_last_delta.replace(translation);
+
+                    let dx = translation.x - last_pan.x;
+                    let dy = translation.y - last_pan.y;
+
+                    (TouchPhase::Moved, dx, dy)
+                }
+                UIGestureRecognizerState::Ended => {
+                    let last_pan: CGPoint = self.ivars().pan_last_delta.replace(CGPoint{x:0.0, y:0.0});
+
+                    let dx = translation.x - last_pan.x;
+                    let dy = translation.y - last_pan.y;
+
+                    (TouchPhase::Ended, dx, dy)
+                }
+                UIGestureRecognizerState::Cancelled | UIGestureRecognizerState::Failed => {
+                    let last_pan: CGPoint = self.ivars().pan_last_delta.replace(CGPoint{x:0.0, y:0.0});
+
+                    // Pass -delta so that action is reversed
+                    (TouchPhase::Cancelled, -last_pan.x, -last_pan.y)
+                }
+                state => panic!("unexpected recognizer state: {state:?}"),
+            };
+
+
+            let gesture_event = EventWrapper::StaticEvent(Event::WindowEvent {
+                window_id: RootWindowId(window.id()),
+                event: WindowEvent::PanGesture {
+                    device_id: DEVICE_ID,
+                    delta: PhysicalPosition::new(dx as _, dy as _),
+                    phase,
+                },
+            });
+
+            let mtm = MainThreadMarker::new().unwrap();
+            app_state::handle_nonuser_event(mtm, gesture_event);
+        }
+
+        #[method(canBecomeFirstResponder)]
+        fn can_become_first_responder(&self) -> bool {
+            true
+        }
     }
-);
 
-extern_methods!(
-    #[allow(non_snake_case)]
-    unsafe impl WinitView {
-        fn window(&self) -> Option<Id<WinitUIWindow>> {
-            unsafe { msg_send_id![self, window] }
+    unsafe impl NSObjectProtocol for WinitView {}
+
+    unsafe impl UIGestureRecognizerDelegate for WinitView {
+        #[method(gestureRecognizer:shouldRecognizeSimultaneouslyWithGestureRecognizer:)]
+        fn should_recognize_simultaneously(&self, _gesture_recognizer: &UIGestureRecognizer, _other_gesture_recognizer: &UIGestureRecognizer) -> bool {
+            true
+        }
+    }
+
+    unsafe impl UITextInputTraits for WinitView {
+    }
+
+    unsafe impl UIKeyInput for WinitView {
+        #[method(hasText)]
+        fn has_text(&self) -> bool {
+            true
         }
 
-        unsafe fn traitCollection(&self) -> Id<UITraitCollection> {
-            msg_send_id![self, traitCollection]
+        #[method(insertText:)]
+        fn insert_text(&self, text: &NSString) {
+            self.handle_insert_text(text)
         }
 
-        // TODO: Allow the user to customize this
-        #[method(layerClass)]
-        pub(crate) fn layerClass() -> &'static AnyClass;
+        #[method(deleteBackward)]
+        fn delete_backward(&self) {
+            self.handle_delete_backward()
+        }
     }
 );
 
 impl WinitView {
     pub(crate) fn new(
-        _mtm: MainThreadMarker,
+        mtm: MainThreadMarker,
         window_attributes: &WindowAttributes,
         frame: CGRect,
-    ) -> Id<Self> {
-        let this = Self::alloc().set_ivars(WinitViewState {
+    ) -> Retained<Self> {
+        let this = mtm.alloc().set_ivars(WinitViewState {
             pinch_gesture_recognizer: RefCell::new(None),
             doubletap_gesture_recognizer: RefCell::new(None),
             rotation_gesture_recognizer: RefCell::new(None),
+            pan_gesture_recognizer: RefCell::new(None),
+
+            rotation_last_delta: Cell::new(0.0),
+            pinch_last_delta: Cell::new(0.0),
+            pan_last_delta: Cell::new(CGPoint { x: 0.0, y: 0.0 }),
         });
-        let this: Id<Self> = unsafe { msg_send_id![super(this), initWithFrame: frame] };
+        let this: Retained<Self> = unsafe { msg_send_id![super(this), initWithFrame: frame] };
 
         this.setMultipleTouchEnabled(true);
 
@@ -277,12 +380,23 @@ impl WinitView {
         this
     }
 
+    fn window(&self) -> Option<Retained<WinitUIWindow>> {
+        // SAFETY: `WinitView`s are always installed in a `WinitUIWindow`
+        (**self).window().map(|window| unsafe { Retained::cast(window) })
+    }
+
     pub(crate) fn recognize_pinch_gesture(&self, should_recognize: bool) {
+        let mtm = MainThreadMarker::from(self);
         if should_recognize {
             if self.ivars().pinch_gesture_recognizer.borrow().is_none() {
-                let pinch: Id<UIPinchGestureRecognizer> = unsafe {
-                    msg_send_id![UIPinchGestureRecognizer::alloc(), initWithTarget: self, action: sel!(pinchGesture:)]
+                let pinch = unsafe {
+                    UIPinchGestureRecognizer::initWithTarget_action(
+                        mtm.alloc(),
+                        Some(self),
+                        Some(sel!(pinchGesture:)),
+                    )
                 };
+                pinch.setDelegate(Some(ProtocolObject::from_ref(self)));
                 self.addGestureRecognizer(&pinch);
                 self.ivars().pinch_gesture_recognizer.replace(Some(pinch));
             }
@@ -291,12 +405,45 @@ impl WinitView {
         }
     }
 
+    pub(crate) fn recognize_pan_gesture(
+        &self,
+        should_recognize: bool,
+        minimum_number_of_touches: u8,
+        maximum_number_of_touches: u8,
+    ) {
+        let mtm = MainThreadMarker::from(self);
+        if should_recognize {
+            if self.ivars().pan_gesture_recognizer.borrow().is_none() {
+                let pan = unsafe {
+                    UIPanGestureRecognizer::initWithTarget_action(
+                        mtm.alloc(),
+                        Some(self),
+                        Some(sel!(panGesture:)),
+                    )
+                };
+                pan.setDelegate(Some(ProtocolObject::from_ref(self)));
+                pan.setMinimumNumberOfTouches(minimum_number_of_touches as _);
+                pan.setMaximumNumberOfTouches(maximum_number_of_touches as _);
+                self.addGestureRecognizer(&pan);
+                self.ivars().pan_gesture_recognizer.replace(Some(pan));
+            }
+        } else if let Some(recognizer) = self.ivars().pan_gesture_recognizer.take() {
+            self.removeGestureRecognizer(&recognizer);
+        }
+    }
+
     pub(crate) fn recognize_doubletap_gesture(&self, should_recognize: bool) {
+        let mtm = MainThreadMarker::from(self);
         if should_recognize {
             if self.ivars().doubletap_gesture_recognizer.borrow().is_none() {
-                let tap: Id<UITapGestureRecognizer> = unsafe {
-                    msg_send_id![UITapGestureRecognizer::alloc(), initWithTarget: self, action: sel!(doubleTapGesture:)]
+                let tap = unsafe {
+                    UITapGestureRecognizer::initWithTarget_action(
+                        mtm.alloc(),
+                        Some(self),
+                        Some(sel!(doubleTapGesture:)),
+                    )
                 };
+                tap.setDelegate(Some(ProtocolObject::from_ref(self)));
                 tap.setNumberOfTapsRequired(2);
                 tap.setNumberOfTouchesRequired(1);
                 self.addGestureRecognizer(&tap);
@@ -308,15 +455,19 @@ impl WinitView {
     }
 
     pub(crate) fn recognize_rotation_gesture(&self, should_recognize: bool) {
+        let mtm = MainThreadMarker::from(self);
         if should_recognize {
             if self.ivars().rotation_gesture_recognizer.borrow().is_none() {
-                let rotation: Id<UIRotationGestureRecognizer> = unsafe {
-                    msg_send_id![UIRotationGestureRecognizer::alloc(), initWithTarget: self, action: sel!(rotationGesture:)]
+                let rotation = unsafe {
+                    UIRotationGestureRecognizer::initWithTarget_action(
+                        mtm.alloc(),
+                        Some(self),
+                        Some(sel!(rotationGesture:)),
+                    )
                 };
+                rotation.setDelegate(Some(ProtocolObject::from_ref(self)));
                 self.addGestureRecognizer(&rotation);
-                self.ivars()
-                    .rotation_gesture_recognizer
-                    .replace(Some(rotation));
+                self.ivars().rotation_gesture_recognizer.replace(Some(rotation));
             }
         } else if let Some(recognizer) = self.ivars().rotation_gesture_recognizer.take() {
             self.removeGestureRecognizer(&recognizer);
@@ -329,9 +480,9 @@ impl WinitView {
         let os_supports_force = app_state::os_capabilities().force_touch;
         for touch in touches {
             let logical_location = touch.locationInView(None);
-            let touch_type = touch.type_();
+            let touch_type = touch.r#type();
             let force = if os_supports_force {
-                let trait_collection = unsafe { self.traitCollection() };
+                let trait_collection = self.traitCollection();
                 let touch_capability = trait_collection.forceTouchCapability();
                 // Both the OS _and_ the device need to be checked for force touch support.
                 if touch_capability == UIForceTouchCapability::Available
@@ -364,7 +515,7 @@ impl WinitView {
                 // 2 is UITouchPhase::Stationary and is not expected here
                 UITouchPhase::Ended => TouchPhase::Ended,
                 UITouchPhase::Cancelled => TouchPhase::Cancelled,
-                _ => panic!("unexpected touch phase: {:?}", phase as i32),
+                _ => panic!("unexpected touch phase: {phase:?}"),
             };
 
             let physical_location = {
@@ -388,4 +539,69 @@ impl WinitView {
         let mtm = MainThreadMarker::new().unwrap();
         app_state::handle_nonuser_events(mtm, touch_events);
     }
+
+    fn handle_insert_text(&self, text: &NSString) {
+        let window = self.window().unwrap();
+        let window_id = RootWindowId(window.id());
+        let mtm = MainThreadMarker::new().unwrap();
+        // send individual events for each character
+        app_state::handle_nonuser_events(
+            mtm,
+            text.to_string().chars().flat_map(|c| {
+                let text = smol_str::SmolStr::from_iter([c]);
+                // Emit both press and release events
+                [ElementState::Pressed, ElementState::Released].map(|state| {
+                    EventWrapper::StaticEvent(Event::WindowEvent {
+                        window_id,
+                        event: WindowEvent::KeyboardInput {
+                            event: KeyEvent {
+                                text: if state == ElementState::Pressed {
+                                    Some(text.clone())
+                                } else {
+                                    None
+                                },
+                                state,
+                                location: KeyLocation::Standard,
+                                repeat: false,
+                                logical_key: Key::Character(text.clone()),
+                                physical_key: PhysicalKey::Unidentified(
+                                    NativeKeyCode::Unidentified,
+                                ),
+                                platform_specific: KeyEventExtra {},
+                            },
+                            is_synthetic: false,
+                            device_id: DEVICE_ID,
+                        },
+                    })
+                })
+            }),
+        );
+    }
+
+    fn handle_delete_backward(&self) {
+        let window = self.window().unwrap();
+        let window_id = RootWindowId(window.id());
+        let mtm = MainThreadMarker::new().unwrap();
+        app_state::handle_nonuser_events(
+            mtm,
+            [ElementState::Pressed, ElementState::Released].map(|state| {
+                EventWrapper::StaticEvent(Event::WindowEvent {
+                    window_id,
+                    event: WindowEvent::KeyboardInput {
+                        device_id: DEVICE_ID,
+                        event: KeyEvent {
+                            state,
+                            logical_key: Key::Named(NamedKey::Backspace),
+                            physical_key: PhysicalKey::Code(KeyCode::Backspace),
+                            platform_specific: KeyEventExtra {},
+                            repeat: false,
+                            location: KeyLocation::Standard,
+                            text: None,
+                        },
+                        is_synthetic: false,
+                    },
+                })
+            }),
+        );
+    }
 }

src/platform_impl/ios/view_controller.rs

@@ -1,16 +1,16 @@
 use std::cell::Cell;
 
-use icrate::Foundation::{MainThreadMarker, NSObject};
-use objc2::rc::Id;
+use objc2::rc::Retained;
 use objc2::{declare_class, msg_send_id, mutability, ClassType, DeclaredClass};
-
-use super::app_state::{self};
-use super::uikit::{
+use objc2_foundation::{MainThreadMarker, NSObject};
+use objc2_ui_kit::{
     UIDevice, UIInterfaceOrientationMask, UIRectEdge, UIResponder, UIStatusBarStyle,
     UIUserInterfaceIdiom, UIView, UIViewController,
 };
-use crate::platform::ios::{ScreenEdge, StatusBarStyle};
-use crate::{platform::ios::ValidOrientations, window::WindowAttributes};
+
+use super::app_state::{self};
+use crate::platform::ios::{ScreenEdge, StatusBarStyle, ValidOrientations};
+use crate::window::WindowAttributes;
 
 pub struct ViewControllerState {
     prefers_status_bar_hidden: Cell<bool>,
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ declare_class!(
     unsafe impl ClassType for WinitViewController {
         #[inherits(UIResponder, NSObject)]
         type Super = UIViewController;
-        type Mutability = mutability::InteriorMutable;
+        type Mutability = mutability::MainThreadOnly;
         const NAME: &'static str = "WinitUIViewController";
     }
 
@@ -97,16 +97,10 @@ impl WinitViewController {
 
     pub(crate) fn set_preferred_screen_edges_deferring_system_gestures(&self, val: ScreenEdge) {
         let val = {
-            assert_eq!(
-                val.bits() & !ScreenEdge::ALL.bits(),
-                0,
-                "invalid `ScreenEdge`"
-            );
+            assert_eq!(val.bits() & !ScreenEdge::ALL.bits(), 0, "invalid `ScreenEdge`");
             UIRectEdge(val.bits().into())
         };
-        self.ivars()
-            .preferred_screen_edges_deferring_system_gestures
-            .set(val);
+        self.ivars().preferred_screen_edges_deferring_system_gestures.set(val);
         let os_capabilities = app_state::os_capabilities();
         if os_capabilities.defer_system_gestures {
             self.setNeedsUpdateOfScreenEdgesDeferringSystemGestures();
@@ -120,52 +114,46 @@ impl WinitViewController {
         mtm: MainThreadMarker,
         valid_orientations: ValidOrientations,
     ) {
-        let mask = match (
-            valid_orientations,
-            UIDevice::current(mtm).userInterfaceIdiom(),
-        ) {
+        let mask = match (valid_orientations, UIDevice::currentDevice(mtm).userInterfaceIdiom()) {
             (ValidOrientations::LandscapeAndPortrait, UIUserInterfaceIdiom::Phone) => {
                 UIInterfaceOrientationMask::AllButUpsideDown
-            }
+            },
             (ValidOrientations::LandscapeAndPortrait, _) => UIInterfaceOrientationMask::All,
             (ValidOrientations::Landscape, _) => UIInterfaceOrientationMask::Landscape,
             (ValidOrientations::Portrait, UIUserInterfaceIdiom::Phone) => {
                 UIInterfaceOrientationMask::Portrait
-            }
+            },
             (ValidOrientations::Portrait, _) => {
                 UIInterfaceOrientationMask::Portrait
                     | UIInterfaceOrientationMask::PortraitUpsideDown
-            }
+            },
         };
         self.ivars().supported_orientations.set(mask);
-        UIViewController::attemptRotationToDeviceOrientation();
+        #[allow(deprecated)]
+        UIViewController::attemptRotationToDeviceOrientation(mtm);
     }
 
     pub(crate) fn new(
         mtm: MainThreadMarker,
         window_attributes: &WindowAttributes,
         view: &UIView,
-    ) -> Id<Self> {
+    ) -> Retained<Self> {
         // These are set properly below, we just to set them to something in the meantime.
-        let this = Self::alloc().set_ivars(ViewControllerState {
+        let this = mtm.alloc().set_ivars(ViewControllerState {
             prefers_status_bar_hidden: Cell::new(false),
             preferred_status_bar_style: Cell::new(UIStatusBarStyle::Default),
             prefers_home_indicator_auto_hidden: Cell::new(false),
             supported_orientations: Cell::new(UIInterfaceOrientationMask::All),
-            preferred_screen_edges_deferring_system_gestures: Cell::new(UIRectEdge::NONE),
+            preferred_screen_edges_deferring_system_gestures: Cell::new(UIRectEdge::empty()),
         });
-        let this: Id<Self> = unsafe { msg_send_id![super(this), init] };
+        let this: Retained<Self> = unsafe { msg_send_id![super(this), init] };
 
         this.set_prefers_status_bar_hidden(
-            window_attributes
-                .platform_specific
-                .prefers_status_bar_hidden,
+            window_attributes.platform_specific.prefers_status_bar_hidden,
         );
 
         this.set_preferred_status_bar_style(
-            window_attributes
-                .platform_specific
-                .preferred_status_bar_style,
+            window_attributes.platform_specific.preferred_status_bar_style,
         );
 
         this.set_supported_interface_orientations(
@@ -174,15 +162,11 @@ impl WinitViewController {
         );
 
         this.set_prefers_home_indicator_auto_hidden(
-            window_attributes
-                .platform_specific
-                .prefers_home_indicator_hidden,
+            window_attributes.platform_specific.prefers_home_indicator_hidden,
         );
 
         this.set_preferred_screen_edges_deferring_system_gestures(
-            window_attributes
-                .platform_specific
-                .preferred_screen_edges_deferring_system_gestures,
+            window_attributes.platform_specific.preferred_screen_edges_deferring_system_gestures,
         );
 
         this.setView(Some(view));

src/platform_impl/ios/window.rs

@@ -2,30 +2,33 @@
 
 use std::collections::VecDeque;
 
-use icrate::Foundation::{CGFloat, CGPoint, CGRect, CGSize, MainThreadBound, MainThreadMarker};
-use objc2::rc::Id;
+use objc2::rc::Retained;
 use objc2::runtime::{AnyObject, NSObject};
 use objc2::{class, declare_class, msg_send, msg_send_id, mutability, ClassType, DeclaredClass};
+use objc2_foundation::{
+    CGFloat, CGPoint, CGRect, CGSize, MainThreadBound, MainThreadMarker, NSObjectProtocol,
+};
+use objc2_ui_kit::{
+    UIApplication, UICoordinateSpace, UIResponder, UIScreen, UIScreenOverscanCompensation,
+    UIViewController, UIWindow,
+};
 use tracing::{debug, warn};
 
 use super::app_state::EventWrapper;
-use super::uikit::{
-    UIApplication, UIResponder, UIScreen, UIScreenOverscanCompensation, UIViewController, UIWindow,
-};
 use super::view::WinitView;
 use super::view_controller::WinitViewController;
-use crate::{
-    cursor::Cursor,
-    dpi::{LogicalPosition, LogicalSize, PhysicalPosition, PhysicalSize, Position, Size},
-    error::{ExternalError, NotSupportedError, OsError as RootOsError},
-    event::{Event, WindowEvent},
-    icon::Icon,
-    platform::ios::{ScreenEdge, StatusBarStyle, ValidOrientations},
-    platform_impl::platform::{app_state, monitor, ActiveEventLoop, Fullscreen, MonitorHandle},
-    window::{
-        CursorGrabMode, ImePurpose, ResizeDirection, Theme, UserAttentionType, WindowAttributes,
-        WindowButtons, WindowId as RootWindowId, WindowLevel,
-    },
+use crate::cursor::Cursor;
+use crate::dpi::{LogicalPosition, LogicalSize, PhysicalPosition, PhysicalSize, Position, Size};
+use crate::error::{ExternalError, NotSupportedError, OsError as RootOsError};
+use crate::event::{Event, WindowEvent};
+use crate::icon::Icon;
+use crate::platform::ios::{ScreenEdge, StatusBarStyle, ValidOrientations};
+use crate::platform_impl::platform::{
+    app_state, monitor, ActiveEventLoop, Fullscreen, MonitorHandle,
+};
+use crate::window::{
+    CursorGrabMode, ImePurpose, ResizeDirection, Theme, UserAttentionType, WindowAttributes,
+    WindowButtons, WindowId as RootWindowId, WindowLevel,
 };
 
 declare_class!(
@@ -35,7 +38,7 @@ declare_class!(
     unsafe impl ClassType for WinitUIWindow {
         #[inherits(UIResponder, NSObject)]
         type Super = UIWindow;
-        type Mutability = mutability::InteriorMutable;
+        type Mutability = mutability::MainThreadOnly;
         const NAME: &'static str = "WinitUIWindow";
     }
 
@@ -76,8 +79,8 @@ impl WinitUIWindow {
         window_attributes: &WindowAttributes,
         frame: CGRect,
         view_controller: &UIViewController,
-    ) -> Id<Self> {
-        let this: Id<Self> = unsafe { msg_send_id![Self::alloc(), initWithFrame: frame] };
+    ) -> Retained<Self> {
+        let this: Retained<Self> = unsafe { msg_send_id![mtm.alloc(), initWithFrame: frame] };
 
         this.setRootViewController(Some(view_controller));
 
@@ -87,11 +90,11 @@ impl WinitUIWindow {
                 let screen = monitor.ui_screen(mtm);
                 screen.setCurrentMode(Some(video_mode.screen_mode(mtm)));
                 this.setScreen(screen);
-            }
+            },
             Some(Fullscreen::Borderless(Some(ref monitor))) => {
                 let screen = monitor.ui_screen(mtm);
                 this.setScreen(screen);
-            }
+            },
             _ => (),
         }
 
@@ -104,9 +107,9 @@ impl WinitUIWindow {
 }
 
 pub struct Inner {
-    window: Id<WinitUIWindow>,
-    view_controller: Id<WinitViewController>,
-    view: Id<WinitView>,
+    window: Retained<WinitUIWindow>,
+    view_controller: Retained<WinitViewController>,
+    view: Retained<WinitView>,
     gl_or_metal_backed: bool,
 }
 
@@ -135,12 +138,13 @@ impl Inner {
     pub fn request_redraw(&self) {
         if self.gl_or_metal_backed {
             let mtm = MainThreadMarker::new().unwrap();
-            // `setNeedsDisplay` does nothing on UIViews which are directly backed by CAEAGLLayer or CAMetalLayer.
-            // Ordinarily the OS sets up a bunch of UIKit state before calling drawRect: on a UIView, but when using
-            // raw or gl/metal for drawing this work is completely avoided.
+            // `setNeedsDisplay` does nothing on UIViews which are directly backed by CAEAGLLayer or
+            // CAMetalLayer. Ordinarily the OS sets up a bunch of UIKit state before
+            // calling drawRect: on a UIView, but when using raw or gl/metal for drawing
+            // this work is completely avoided.
             //
-            // The docs for `setNeedsDisplay` don't mention `CAMetalLayer`; however, this has been confirmed via
-            // testing.
+            // The docs for `setNeedsDisplay` don't mention `CAMetalLayer`; however, this has been
+            // confirmed via testing.
             //
             // https://developer.apple.com/documentation/uikit/uiview/1622437-setneedsdisplay?language=objc
             app_state::queue_gl_or_metal_redraw(mtm, self.window.clone());
@@ -153,20 +157,16 @@ impl Inner {
 
     pub fn inner_position(&self) -> Result<PhysicalPosition<i32>, NotSupportedError> {
         let safe_area = self.safe_area_screen_space();
-        let position = LogicalPosition {
-            x: safe_area.origin.x as f64,
-            y: safe_area.origin.y as f64,
-        };
+        let position =
+            LogicalPosition { x: safe_area.origin.x as f64, y: safe_area.origin.y as f64 };
         let scale_factor = self.scale_factor();
         Ok(position.to_physical(scale_factor))
     }
 
     pub fn outer_position(&self) -> Result<PhysicalPosition<i32>, NotSupportedError> {
         let screen_frame = self.screen_frame();
-        let position = LogicalPosition {
-            x: screen_frame.origin.x as f64,
-            y: screen_frame.origin.y as f64,
-        };
+        let position =
+            LogicalPosition { x: screen_frame.origin.x as f64, y: screen_frame.origin.y as f64 };
         let scale_factor = self.scale_factor();
         Ok(position.to_physical(scale_factor))
     }
@@ -176,10 +176,7 @@ impl Inner {
         let position = physical_position.to_logical::<f64>(scale_factor);
         let screen_frame = self.screen_frame();
         let new_screen_frame = CGRect {
-            origin: CGPoint {
-                x: position.x as _,
-                y: position.y as _,
-            },
+            origin: CGPoint { x: position.x as _, y: position.y as _ },
             size: screen_frame.size,
         };
         let bounds = self.rect_from_screen_space(new_screen_frame);
@@ -307,15 +304,15 @@ impl Inner {
                 let uiscreen = video_mode.monitor.ui_screen(mtm);
                 uiscreen.setCurrentMode(Some(video_mode.screen_mode(mtm)));
                 uiscreen.clone()
-            }
+            },
             Some(Fullscreen::Borderless(Some(monitor))) => monitor.ui_screen(mtm).clone(),
             Some(Fullscreen::Borderless(None)) => {
                 self.current_monitor_inner().ui_screen(mtm).clone()
-            }
+            },
             None => {
                 warn!("`Window::set_fullscreen(None)` ignored on iOS");
                 return;
-            }
+            },
         };
 
         // this is pretty slow on iOS, so avoid doing it if we can
@@ -370,12 +367,24 @@ impl Inner {
         warn!("`Window::set_ime_cursor_area` is ignored on iOS")
     }
 
-    pub fn set_ime_allowed(&self, _allowed: bool) {
-        warn!("`Window::set_ime_allowed` is ignored on iOS")
+    /// Show / hide the keyboard. To show the keyboard, we call `becomeFirstResponder`,
+    /// requesting focus for the [WinitView]. Since [WinitView] implements
+    /// [objc2_ui_kit::UIKeyInput], the keyboard will be shown.
+    /// <https://developer.apple.com/documentation/uikit/uiresponder/1621113-becomefirstresponder>
+    pub fn set_ime_allowed(&self, allowed: bool) {
+        if allowed {
+            unsafe {
+                self.view.becomeFirstResponder();
+            }
+        } else {
+            unsafe {
+                self.view.resignFirstResponder();
+            }
+        }
     }
 
     pub fn set_ime_purpose(&self, _purpose: ImePurpose) {
-        warn!("`Window::set_ime_allowed` is ignored on iOS")
+        warn!("`Window::set_ime_purpose` is ignored on iOS")
     }
 
     pub fn focus_window(&self) {
@@ -400,9 +409,8 @@ impl Inner {
     }
 
     pub fn primary_monitor(&self) -> Option<MonitorHandle> {
-        Some(MonitorHandle::new(UIScreen::main(
-            MainThreadMarker::new().unwrap(),
-        )))
+        #[allow(deprecated)]
+        Some(MonitorHandle::new(UIScreen::mainScreen(MainThreadMarker::new().unwrap())))
     }
 
     pub fn id(&self) -> WindowId {
@@ -412,18 +420,18 @@ impl Inner {
     #[cfg(feature = "rwh_04")]
     pub fn raw_window_handle_rwh_04(&self) -> rwh_04::RawWindowHandle {
         let mut window_handle = rwh_04::UiKitHandle::empty();
-        window_handle.ui_window = Id::as_ptr(&self.window) as _;
-        window_handle.ui_view = Id::as_ptr(&self.view) as _;
-        window_handle.ui_view_controller = Id::as_ptr(&self.view_controller) as _;
+        window_handle.ui_window = Retained::as_ptr(&self.window) as _;
+        window_handle.ui_view = Retained::as_ptr(&self.view) as _;
+        window_handle.ui_view_controller = Retained::as_ptr(&self.view_controller) as _;
         rwh_04::RawWindowHandle::UiKit(window_handle)
     }
 
     #[cfg(feature = "rwh_05")]
     pub fn raw_window_handle_rwh_05(&self) -> rwh_05::RawWindowHandle {
         let mut window_handle = rwh_05::UiKitWindowHandle::empty();
-        window_handle.ui_window = Id::as_ptr(&self.window) as _;
-        window_handle.ui_view = Id::as_ptr(&self.view) as _;
-        window_handle.ui_view_controller = Id::as_ptr(&self.view_controller) as _;
+        window_handle.ui_window = Retained::as_ptr(&self.window) as _;
+        window_handle.ui_view = Retained::as_ptr(&self.view) as _;
+        window_handle.ui_view_controller = Retained::as_ptr(&self.view_controller) as _;
         rwh_05::RawWindowHandle::UiKit(window_handle)
     }
 
@@ -435,11 +443,11 @@ impl Inner {
     #[cfg(feature = "rwh_06")]
     pub fn raw_window_handle_rwh_06(&self) -> rwh_06::RawWindowHandle {
         let mut window_handle = rwh_06::UiKitWindowHandle::new({
-            let ui_view = Id::as_ptr(&self.view) as _;
-            std::ptr::NonNull::new(ui_view).expect("Id<T> should never be null")
+            let ui_view = Retained::as_ptr(&self.view) as _;
+            std::ptr::NonNull::new(ui_view).expect("Retained<T> should never be null")
         });
         window_handle.ui_view_controller =
-            std::ptr::NonNull::new(Id::as_ptr(&self.view_controller) as _);
+            std::ptr::NonNull::new(Retained::as_ptr(&self.view_controller) as _);
         rwh_06::RawWindowHandle::UiKit(window_handle)
     }
 
@@ -489,7 +497,8 @@ impl Window {
 
         // TODO: transparency, visible
 
-        let main_screen = UIScreen::main(mtm);
+        #[allow(deprecated)]
+        let main_screen = UIScreen::mainScreen(mtm);
         let fullscreen = window_attributes.fullscreen.clone().map(Into::into);
         let screen = match fullscreen {
             Some(Fullscreen::Exclusive(ref video_mode)) => video_mode.monitor.ui_screen(mtm),
@@ -505,23 +514,16 @@ impl Window {
                 let size = dim.to_logical::<f64>(scale_factor as f64);
                 CGRect {
                     origin: screen_bounds.origin,
-                    size: CGSize {
-                        width: size.width as _,
-                        height: size.height as _,
-                    },
+                    size: CGSize { width: size.width as _, height: size.height as _ },
                 }
-            }
+            },
             None => screen_bounds,
         };
 
         let view = WinitView::new(mtm, &window_attributes, frame);
 
-        let gl_or_metal_backed = unsafe {
-            let layer_class = WinitView::layerClass();
-            let is_metal = msg_send![layer_class, isSubclassOfClass: class!(CAMetalLayer)];
-            let is_gl = msg_send![layer_class, isSubclassOfClass: class!(CAEAGLLayer)];
-            is_metal || is_gl
-        };
+        let gl_or_metal_backed =
+            view.isKindOfClass(class!(CAMetalLayer)) || view.isKindOfClass(class!(CAEAGLLayer));
 
         let view_controller = WinitViewController::new(mtm, &window_attributes, &view);
         let window = WinitUIWindow::new(mtm, &window_attributes, frame, &view_controller);
@@ -544,13 +546,11 @@ impl Window {
             let window_id = RootWindowId(window.id());
             app_state::handle_nonuser_events(
                 mtm,
-                std::iter::once(EventWrapper::ScaleFactorChanged(
-                    app_state::ScaleFactorChanged {
-                        window: window.clone(),
-                        scale_factor,
-                        suggested_size: size.to_physical(scale_factor),
-                    },
-                ))
+                std::iter::once(EventWrapper::ScaleFactorChanged(app_state::ScaleFactorChanged {
+                    window: window.clone(),
+                    scale_factor,
+                    suggested_size: size.to_physical(scale_factor),
+                }))
                 .chain(std::iter::once(EventWrapper::StaticEvent(
                     Event::WindowEvent {
                         window_id,
@@ -560,15 +560,8 @@ impl Window {
             );
         }
 
-        let inner = Inner {
-            window,
-            view_controller,
-            view,
-            gl_or_metal_backed,
-        };
-        Ok(Window {
-            inner: MainThreadBound::new(inner, mtm),
-        })
+        let inner = Inner { window, view_controller, view, gl_or_metal_backed };
+        Ok(Window { inner: MainThreadBound::new(inner, mtm) })
     }
 
     pub(crate) fn maybe_queue_on_main(&self, f: impl FnOnce(&Inner) + Send + 'static) {
@@ -597,9 +590,7 @@ impl Window {
     pub(crate) fn raw_display_handle_rwh_06(
         &self,
     ) -> Result<rwh_06::RawDisplayHandle, rwh_06::HandleError> {
-        Ok(rwh_06::RawDisplayHandle::UiKit(
-            rwh_06::UiKitDisplayHandle::new(),
-        ))
+        Ok(rwh_06::RawDisplayHandle::UiKit(rwh_06::UiKitDisplayHandle::new()))
     }
 }
 
@@ -622,13 +613,11 @@ impl Inner {
     }
 
     pub fn set_prefers_home_indicator_hidden(&self, hidden: bool) {
-        self.view_controller
-            .set_prefers_home_indicator_auto_hidden(hidden);
+        self.view_controller.set_prefers_home_indicator_auto_hidden(hidden);
     }
 
     pub fn set_preferred_screen_edges_deferring_system_gestures(&self, edges: ScreenEdge) {
-        self.view_controller
-            .set_preferred_screen_edges_deferring_system_gestures(edges);
+        self.view_controller.set_preferred_screen_edges_deferring_system_gestures(edges);
     }
 
     pub fn set_prefers_status_bar_hidden(&self, hidden: bool) {
@@ -636,14 +625,26 @@ impl Inner {
     }
 
     pub fn set_preferred_status_bar_style(&self, status_bar_style: StatusBarStyle) {
-        self.view_controller
-            .set_preferred_status_bar_style(status_bar_style);
+        self.view_controller.set_preferred_status_bar_style(status_bar_style);
     }
 
     pub fn recognize_pinch_gesture(&self, should_recognize: bool) {
         self.view.recognize_pinch_gesture(should_recognize);
     }
 
+    pub fn recognize_pan_gesture(
+        &self,
+        should_recognize: bool,
+        minimum_number_of_touches: u8,
+        maximum_number_of_touches: u8,
+    ) {
+        self.view.recognize_pan_gesture(
+            should_recognize,
+            minimum_number_of_touches,
+            maximum_number_of_touches,
+        );
+    }
+
     pub fn recognize_doubletap_gesture(&self, should_recognize: bool) {
         self.view.recognize_doubletap_gesture(should_recognize);
     }
@@ -660,14 +661,12 @@ impl Inner {
 
     fn rect_to_screen_space(&self, rect: CGRect) -> CGRect {
         let screen_space = self.window.screen().coordinateSpace();
-        self.window
-            .convertRect_toCoordinateSpace(rect, &screen_space)
+        self.window.convertRect_toCoordinateSpace(rect, &screen_space)
     }
 
     fn rect_from_screen_space(&self, rect: CGRect) -> CGRect {
         let screen_space = self.window.screen().coordinateSpace();
-        self.window
-            .convertRect_fromCoordinateSpace(rect, &screen_space)
+        self.window.convertRect_fromCoordinateSpace(rect, &screen_space)
     }
 
     fn safe_area_screen_space(&self) -> CGRect {
@@ -688,9 +687,8 @@ impl Inner {
         } else {
             let screen_frame = self.rect_to_screen_space(bounds);
             let status_bar_frame = {
-                let app = UIApplication::shared(MainThreadMarker::new().unwrap()).expect(
-                    "`Window::get_inner_position` cannot be called before `EventLoop::run_app` on iOS",
-                );
+                let app = UIApplication::sharedApplication(MainThreadMarker::new().unwrap());
+                #[allow(deprecated)]
                 app.statusBarFrame()
             };
             let (y, height) = if screen_frame.origin.y > status_bar_frame.size.height {
@@ -702,14 +700,8 @@ impl Inner {
                 (y, height)
             };
             CGRect {
-                origin: CGPoint {
-                    x: screen_frame.origin.x,
-                    y,
-                },
-                size: CGSize {
-                    width: screen_frame.size.width,
-                    height,
-                },
+                origin: CGPoint { x: screen_frame.origin.x, y },
+                size: CGSize { width: screen_frame.size.width, height },
             }
         }
     }
@@ -721,10 +713,8 @@ pub struct WindowId {
 }
 
 impl WindowId {
-    pub const unsafe fn dummy() -> Self {
-        WindowId {
-            window: std::ptr::null_mut(),
-        }
+    pub const fn dummy() -> Self {
+        WindowId { window: std::ptr::null_mut() }
     }
 }
 
@@ -736,9 +726,7 @@ impl From<WindowId> for u64 {
 
 impl From<u64> for WindowId {
     fn from(raw_id: u64) -> Self {
-        Self {
-            window: raw_id as _,
-        }
+        Self { window: raw_id as _ }
     }
 }
 
@@ -747,9 +735,7 @@ unsafe impl Sync for WindowId {}
 
 impl From<&AnyObject> for WindowId {
     fn from(window: &AnyObject) -> WindowId {
-        WindowId {
-            window: window as *const _ as _,
-        }
+        WindowId { window: window as *const _ as _ }
     }
 }
 

src/platform_impl/linux/common/xkb/compose.rs

@@ -6,8 +6,7 @@ use std::ops::Deref;
 use std::os::unix::ffi::OsStringExt;
 use std::ptr::NonNull;
 
-use super::XkbContext;
-use super::XKBCH;
+use super::{XkbContext, XKBCH};
 use smol_str::SmolStr;
 use xkbcommon_dl::{
     xkb_compose_compile_flags, xkb_compose_feed_result, xkb_compose_state, xkb_compose_state_flags,
@@ -91,7 +90,7 @@ impl XkbComposeState {
             xkb_compose_feed_result::XKB_COMPOSE_FEED_IGNORED => ComposeStatus::Ignored,
             xkb_compose_feed_result::XKB_COMPOSE_FEED_ACCEPTED => {
                 ComposeStatus::Accepted(self.status())
-            }
+            },
         }
     }
 

src/platform_impl/linux/common/xkb/keymap.rs

@@ -296,7 +296,7 @@ pub fn physicalkey_to_scancode(key: PhysicalKey) -> Option<u32> {
                 NativeKeyCode::Xkb(raw) => Some(raw),
                 _ => None,
             };
-        }
+        },
     };
 
     match code {
@@ -627,7 +627,6 @@ pub fn keysym_to_key(keysym: u32) -> Key {
         // keysyms::ISO_First_Group_Lock => NamedKey::GroupFirstLock,
         keysyms::ISO_Last_Group => NamedKey::GroupLast,
         // keysyms::ISO_Last_Group_Lock => NamedKey::GroupLastLock,
-        //
         keysyms::ISO_Left_Tab => NamedKey::Tab,
         // keysyms::ISO_Move_Line_Up => NamedKey::IsoMoveLineUp,
         // keysyms::ISO_Move_Line_Down => NamedKey::IsoMoveLineDown,
@@ -809,18 +808,15 @@ pub fn keysym_to_key(keysym: u32) -> Key {
         keysyms::XF86_Music => NamedKey::LaunchMusicPlayer,
 
         // XF86_Battery..XF86_UWB
-        //
         keysyms::XF86_AudioForward => NamedKey::MediaFastForward,
         // XF86_AudioRepeat
         keysyms::XF86_AudioRandomPlay => NamedKey::RandomToggle,
         keysyms::XF86_Subtitle => NamedKey::Subtitle,
         keysyms::XF86_AudioCycleTrack => NamedKey::MediaAudioTrack,
         // XF86_CycleAngle..XF86_Blue
-        //
         keysyms::XF86_Suspend => NamedKey::Standby,
         keysyms::XF86_Hibernate => NamedKey::Hibernate,
         // XF86_TouchpadToggle..XF86_TouchpadOff
-        //
         keysyms::XF86_AudioMute => NamedKey::AudioVolumeMute,
 
         // XF86_Switch_VT_1..XF86_Switch_VT_12
@@ -853,7 +849,6 @@ pub fn keysym_to_key(keysym: u32) -> Key {
         keysyms::SUN_VideoLowerBrightness => NamedKey::BrightnessDown,
         keysyms::SUN_VideoRaiseBrightness => NamedKey::BrightnessUp,
         // SunPowerSwitchShift
-        //
         0 => return Key::Unidentified(NativeKey::Unidentified),
         _ => return Key::Unidentified(NativeKey::Xkb(keysym)),
     })
@@ -968,11 +963,7 @@ impl XkbKeymap {
             mod5: mod_index_for_name(keymap, b"Mod5\0"),
         };
 
-        Self {
-            keymap,
-            _mods_indices: mods_indices,
-            _core_keyboard_id,
-        }
+        Self { keymap, _mods_indices: mods_indices, _core_keyboard_id }
     }
 
     #[cfg(x11_platform)]
@@ -1020,12 +1011,14 @@ impl Drop for XkbKeymap {
 
 impl Deref for XkbKeymap {
     type Target = NonNull<xkb_keymap>;
+
     fn deref(&self) -> &Self::Target {
         &self.keymap
     }
 }
 
 /// Modifier index in the keymap.
+#[cfg_attr(not(x11_platform), allow(dead_code))]
 #[derive(Default, Debug, Clone, Copy)]
 pub struct ModsIndices {
     pub shift: Option<xkb_mod_index_t>,

src/platform_impl/linux/common/xkb/mod.rs

@@ -15,8 +15,7 @@ use xkbcommon_dl::{
 #[cfg(x11_platform)]
 use {x11_dl::xlib_xcb::xcb_connection_t, xkbcommon_dl::x11::xkbcommon_x11_handle};
 
-use crate::event::ElementState;
-use crate::event::KeyEvent;
+use crate::event::{ElementState, KeyEvent};
 use crate::keyboard::{Key, KeyLocation};
 use crate::platform_impl::KeyEventExtra;
 
@@ -143,9 +142,7 @@ impl Context {
     #[cfg(x11_platform)]
     pub fn set_keymap_from_x11(&mut self, xcb: *mut xcb_connection_t) {
         let keymap = XkbKeymap::from_x11_keymap(&self.context, xcb, self.core_keyboard_id);
-        let state = keymap
-            .as_ref()
-            .and_then(|keymap| XkbState::new_x11(xcb, keymap));
+        let state = keymap.as_ref().and_then(|keymap| XkbState::new_x11(xcb, keymap));
         if keymap.is_none() || state.is_none() {
             warn!("failed to update xkb keymap");
         }
@@ -160,13 +157,7 @@ impl Context {
         let compose_state1 = self.compose_state1.as_mut();
         let compose_state2 = self.compose_state2.as_mut();
         let scratch_buffer = &mut self.scratch_buffer;
-        Some(KeyContext {
-            state,
-            keymap,
-            compose_state1,
-            compose_state2,
-            scratch_buffer,
-        })
+        Some(KeyContext { state, keymap, compose_state1, compose_state2, scratch_buffer })
     }
 
     /// Key builder context with the user provided xkb state.
@@ -181,13 +172,7 @@ impl Context {
         let compose_state1 = self.compose_state1.as_mut();
         let compose_state2 = self.compose_state2.as_mut();
         let scratch_buffer = &mut self.scratch_buffer;
-        Some(KeyContext {
-            state,
-            keymap,
-            compose_state1,
-            compose_state2,
-            scratch_buffer,
-        })
+        Some(KeyContext { state, keymap, compose_state1, compose_state2, scratch_buffer })
     }
 }
 
@@ -199,7 +184,7 @@ pub struct KeyContext<'a> {
     scratch_buffer: &'a mut Vec<u8>,
 }
 
-impl<'a> KeyContext<'a> {
+impl KeyContext<'_> {
     pub fn process_key_event(
         &mut self,
         keycode: u32,
@@ -214,20 +199,9 @@ impl<'a> KeyContext<'a> {
         let (key_without_modifiers, _) = event.key_without_modifiers();
         let text_with_all_modifiers = event.text_with_all_modifiers();
 
-        let platform_specific = KeyEventExtra {
-            text_with_all_modifiers,
-            key_without_modifiers,
-        };
+        let platform_specific = KeyEventExtra { text_with_all_modifiers, key_without_modifiers };
 
-        KeyEvent {
-            physical_key,
-            logical_key,
-            text,
-            location,
-            state,
-            repeat,
-            platform_specific,
-        }
+        KeyEvent { physical_key, logical_key, text, location, state, repeat, platform_specific }
     }
 
     fn keysym_to_utf8_raw(&mut self, keysym: u32) -> Option<SmolStr> {
@@ -246,10 +220,7 @@ impl<'a> KeyContext<'a> {
             } else if bytes_written == -1 {
                 self.scratch_buffer.reserve(8);
             } else {
-                unsafe {
-                    self.scratch_buffer
-                        .set_len(bytes_written.try_into().unwrap())
-                };
+                unsafe { self.scratch_buffer.set_len(bytes_written.try_into().unwrap()) };
                 break;
             }
         }
@@ -281,12 +252,7 @@ impl<'a, 'b> KeyEventResults<'a, 'b> {
             ComposeStatus::None
         };
 
-        KeyEventResults {
-            context,
-            keycode,
-            keysym,
-            compose,
-        }
+        KeyEventResults { context, keycode, keysym, compose }
     }
 
     pub fn key(&mut self) -> (Key, KeyLocation) {
@@ -323,23 +289,18 @@ impl<'a, 'b> KeyEventResults<'a, 'b> {
     }
 
     pub fn key_without_modifiers(&mut self) -> (Key, KeyLocation) {
-        // This will become a pointer to an array which libxkbcommon owns, so we don't need to deallocate it.
+        // This will become a pointer to an array which libxkbcommon owns, so we don't need to
+        // deallocate it.
         let layout = self.context.state.layout(self.keycode);
-        let keysym = self
-            .context
-            .keymap
-            .first_keysym_by_level(layout, self.keycode);
+        let keysym = self.context.keymap.first_keysym_by_level(layout, self.keycode);
 
         match self.keysym_to_key(keysym) {
             Ok((key, location)) => (key, location),
             Err((key, location)) => {
-                let key = self
-                    .context
-                    .keysym_to_utf8_raw(keysym)
-                    .map(Key::Character)
-                    .unwrap_or(key);
+                let key =
+                    self.context.keysym_to_utf8_raw(keysym).map(Key::Character).unwrap_or(key);
                 (key, location)
-            }
+            },
         }
     }
 
@@ -354,8 +315,7 @@ impl<'a, 'b> KeyEventResults<'a, 'b> {
     }
 
     pub fn text(&mut self) -> Option<SmolStr> {
-        self.composed_text()
-            .unwrap_or_else(|_| self.context.keysym_to_utf8_raw(self.keysym))
+        self.composed_text().unwrap_or_else(|_| self.context.keysym_to_utf8_raw(self.keysym))
     }
 
     // The current behaviour makes it so composing a character overrides attempts to input a
@@ -364,10 +324,7 @@ impl<'a, 'b> KeyEventResults<'a, 'b> {
     pub fn text_with_all_modifiers(&mut self) -> Option<SmolStr> {
         match self.composed_text() {
             Ok(text) => text,
-            Err(_) => self
-                .context
-                .state
-                .get_utf8_raw(self.keycode, self.context.scratch_buffer),
+            Err(_) => self.context.state.get_utf8_raw(self.keycode, self.context.scratch_buffer),
         }
     }
 
@@ -377,7 +334,7 @@ impl<'a, 'b> KeyEventResults<'a, 'b> {
                 xkb_compose_status::XKB_COMPOSE_COMPOSED => {
                     let state = self.context.compose_state1.as_mut().unwrap();
                     Ok(state.get_string(self.context.scratch_buffer))
-                }
+                },
                 xkb_compose_status::XKB_COMPOSE_COMPOSING
                 | xkb_compose_status::XKB_COMPOSE_CANCELLED => Ok(None),
                 xkb_compose_status::XKB_COMPOSE_NOTHING => Err(()),
@@ -436,10 +393,7 @@ where
     // The allocated buffer must include space for the null-terminator.
     scratch_buffer.reserve(size + 1);
     unsafe {
-        let written = f(
-            scratch_buffer.as_mut_ptr().cast(),
-            scratch_buffer.capacity(),
-        );
+        let written = f(scratch_buffer.as_mut_ptr().cast(), scratch_buffer.capacity());
         if usize::try_from(written).unwrap() != size {
             // This will likely never happen.
             return None;
@@ -456,10 +410,7 @@ fn byte_slice_to_smol_str(bytes: &[u8]) -> Option<SmolStr> {
     std::str::from_utf8(bytes)
         .map(SmolStr::new)
         .map_err(|e| {
-            tracing::warn!(
-                "UTF-8 received from libxkbcommon ({:?}) was invalid: {e}",
-                bytes
-            )
+            tracing::warn!("UTF-8 received from libxkbcommon ({:?}) was invalid: {e}", bytes)
         })
         .ok()
 }

src/platform_impl/linux/mod.rs

@@ -3,10 +3,11 @@
 #[cfg(all(not(x11_platform), not(wayland_platform)))]
 compile_error!("Please select a feature to build for unix: `x11`, `wayland`");
 
+use std::collections::VecDeque;
 use std::os::unix::io::{AsFd, AsRawFd, BorrowedFd, RawFd};
 use std::sync::Arc;
 use std::time::Duration;
-use std::{collections::VecDeque, env, fmt};
+use std::{env, fmt};
 #[cfg(x11_platform)]
 use std::{ffi::CStr, mem::MaybeUninit, os::raw::*, sync::Mutex};
 
@@ -16,22 +17,19 @@ use smol_str::SmolStr;
 
 #[cfg(x11_platform)]
 use self::x11::{X11Error, XConnection, XError, XNotSupported};
+use crate::dpi::{PhysicalPosition, PhysicalSize, Position, Size};
+use crate::error::{EventLoopError, ExternalError, NotSupportedError, OsError as RootOsError};
+use crate::event_loop::{
+    ActiveEventLoop as RootELW, AsyncRequestSerial, ControlFlow, DeviceEvents, EventLoopClosed,
+};
+use crate::icon::Icon;
+use crate::keyboard::Key;
+use crate::platform::pump_events::PumpStatus;
 #[cfg(x11_platform)]
 use crate::platform::x11::{WindowType as XWindowType, XlibErrorHook};
-use crate::window::{CustomCursor, CustomCursorSource};
-use crate::{
-    dpi::{PhysicalPosition, PhysicalSize, Position, Size},
-    error::{EventLoopError, ExternalError, NotSupportedError, OsError as RootOsError},
-    event_loop::{
-        ActiveEventLoop as RootELW, AsyncRequestSerial, ControlFlow, DeviceEvents, EventLoopClosed,
-    },
-    icon::Icon,
-    keyboard::Key,
-    platform::pump_events::PumpStatus,
-    window::{
-        ActivationToken, Cursor, CursorGrabMode, ImePurpose, ResizeDirection, Theme,
-        UserAttentionType, WindowAttributes, WindowButtons, WindowLevel,
-    },
+use crate::window::{
+    ActivationToken, Cursor, CursorGrabMode, CustomCursor, CustomCursorSource, ImePurpose,
+    ResizeDirection, Theme, UserAttentionType, WindowAttributes, WindowButtons, WindowLevel,
 };
 
 pub(crate) use self::common::xkb::{physicalkey_to_scancode, scancode_to_physicalkey};
@@ -92,6 +90,7 @@ pub struct X11WindowAttributes {
     pub embed_window: Option<x11rb::protocol::xproto::Window>,
 }
 
+#[cfg_attr(not(x11_platform), allow(clippy::derivable_impls))]
 impl Default for PlatformSpecificWindowAttributes {
     fn default() -> Self {
         Self {
@@ -118,6 +117,8 @@ pub(crate) static X11_BACKEND: Lazy<Mutex<Result<Arc<XConnection>, XNotSupported
 pub enum OsError {
     Misc(&'static str),
     #[cfg(x11_platform)]
+    XNotSupported(XNotSupported),
+    #[cfg(x11_platform)]
     XError(Arc<X11Error>),
     #[cfg(wayland_platform)]
     WaylandError(Arc<wayland::WaylandError>),
@@ -128,6 +129,8 @@ impl fmt::Display for OsError {
         match *self {
             OsError::Misc(e) => _f.pad(e),
             #[cfg(x11_platform)]
+            OsError::XNotSupported(ref e) => fmt::Display::fmt(e, _f),
+            #[cfg(x11_platform)]
             OsError::XError(ref e) => fmt::Display::fmt(e, _f),
             #[cfg(wayland_platform)]
             OsError::WaylandError(ref e) => fmt::Display::fmt(e, _f),
@@ -158,7 +161,7 @@ impl From<u64> for WindowId {
 }
 
 impl WindowId {
-    pub const unsafe fn dummy() -> Self {
+    pub const fn dummy() -> Self {
         Self(0)
     }
 }
@@ -172,11 +175,11 @@ pub enum DeviceId {
 }
 
 impl DeviceId {
-    pub const unsafe fn dummy() -> Self {
+    pub const fn dummy() -> Self {
         #[cfg(wayland_platform)]
-        return DeviceId::Wayland(unsafe { wayland::DeviceId::dummy() });
+        return DeviceId::Wayland(wayland::DeviceId::dummy());
         #[cfg(all(not(wayland_platform), x11_platform))]
-        return DeviceId::X(unsafe { x11::DeviceId::dummy() });
+        return DeviceId::X(x11::DeviceId::dummy());
     }
 }
 
@@ -293,11 +296,11 @@ impl Window {
             #[cfg(wayland_platform)]
             ActiveEventLoop::Wayland(ref window_target) => {
                 wayland::Window::new(window_target, attribs).map(Window::Wayland)
-            }
+            },
             #[cfg(x11_platform)]
             ActiveEventLoop::X(ref window_target) => {
                 x11::Window::new(window_target, attribs).map(Window::X)
-            }
+            },
         }
     }
 
@@ -533,6 +536,7 @@ impl Window {
     pub fn focus_window(&self) {
         x11_or_wayland!(match self; Window(w) => w.focus_window())
     }
+
     pub fn request_user_attention(&self, request_type: Option<UserAttentionType>) {
         x11_or_wayland!(match self; Window(w) => w.request_user_attention(request_type))
     }
@@ -556,17 +560,13 @@ impl Window {
     pub fn available_monitors(&self) -> VecDeque<MonitorHandle> {
         match self {
             #[cfg(x11_platform)]
-            Window::X(ref window) => window
-                .available_monitors()
-                .into_iter()
-                .map(MonitorHandle::X)
-                .collect(),
+            Window::X(ref window) => {
+                window.available_monitors().into_iter().map(MonitorHandle::X).collect()
+            },
             #[cfg(wayland_platform)]
-            Window::Wayland(ref window) => window
-                .available_monitors()
-                .into_iter()
-                .map(MonitorHandle::Wayland)
-                .collect(),
+            Window::Wayland(ref window) => {
+                window.available_monitors().into_iter().map(MonitorHandle::Wayland).collect()
+            },
         }
     }
 
@@ -647,18 +647,18 @@ pub(crate) enum PlatformCustomCursor {
 
 /// Hooks for X11 errors.
 #[cfg(x11_platform)]
-pub(crate) static mut XLIB_ERROR_HOOKS: Mutex<Vec<XlibErrorHook>> = Mutex::new(Vec::new());
+pub(crate) static XLIB_ERROR_HOOKS: Mutex<Vec<XlibErrorHook>> = Mutex::new(Vec::new());
 
 #[cfg(x11_platform)]
 unsafe extern "C" fn x_error_callback(
     display: *mut x11::ffi::Display,
     event: *mut x11::ffi::XErrorEvent,
 ) -> c_int {
-    let xconn_lock = X11_BACKEND.lock().unwrap();
+    let xconn_lock = X11_BACKEND.lock().unwrap_or_else(|e| e.into_inner());
     if let Ok(ref xconn) = *xconn_lock {
         // Call all the hooks.
         let mut error_handled = false;
-        for hook in unsafe { XLIB_ERROR_HOOKS.lock() }.unwrap().iter() {
+        for hook in XLIB_ERROR_HOOKS.lock().unwrap().iter() {
             error_handled |= hook(display as *mut _, event as *mut _);
         }
 
@@ -725,7 +725,8 @@ impl<T: 'static> EventLoop<T> {
                 "Initializing the event loop outside of the main thread is a significant \
                  cross-platform compatibility hazard. If you absolutely need to create an \
                  EventLoop on a different thread, you can use the \
-                 `EventLoopBuilderExtUnix::any_thread` function."
+                 `EventLoopBuilderExtX11::any_thread` or `EventLoopBuilderExtWayland::any_thread` \
+                 functions."
             );
         }
 
@@ -739,12 +740,10 @@ impl<T: 'static> EventLoop<T> {
                 .or_else(|| env::var("WAYLAND_SOCKET").ok())
                 .filter(|var| !var.is_empty())
                 .is_some(),
-            env::var("DISPLAY")
-                .map(|var| !var.is_empty())
-                .unwrap_or(false),
+            env::var("DISPLAY").map(|var| !var.is_empty()).unwrap_or(false),
         ) {
             // User is forcing a backend.
-            (Some(backend), _, _) => backend,
+            (Some(backend), ..) => backend,
             // Wayland is present.
             #[cfg(wayland_platform)]
             (None, true, _) => Backend::Wayland,
@@ -754,22 +753,24 @@ impl<T: 'static> EventLoop<T> {
             // No backend is present.
             (_, wayland_display, x11_display) => {
                 let msg = if wayland_display && !cfg!(wayland_platform) {
-                    "DISPLAY is not set; note: enable the `winit/wayland` feature to support Wayland"
+                    "DISPLAY is not set; note: enable the `winit/wayland` feature to support \
+                     Wayland"
                 } else if x11_display && !cfg!(x11_platform) {
-                    "neither WAYLAND_DISPLAY nor WAYLAND_SOCKET is set; note: enable the `winit/x11` feature to support X11"
+                    "neither WAYLAND_DISPLAY nor WAYLAND_SOCKET is set; note: enable the \
+                     `winit/x11` feature to support X11"
                 } else {
                     "neither WAYLAND_DISPLAY nor WAYLAND_SOCKET nor DISPLAY is set."
                 };
                 return Err(EventLoopError::Os(os_error!(OsError::Misc(msg))));
-            }
+            },
         };
 
         // Create the display based on the backend.
         match backend {
             #[cfg(wayland_platform)]
-            Backend::Wayland => EventLoop::new_wayland_any_thread().map_err(Into::into),
+            Backend::Wayland => EventLoop::new_wayland_any_thread(),
             #[cfg(x11_platform)]
-            Backend::X => EventLoop::new_x11_any_thread().map_err(Into::into),
+            Backend::X => EventLoop::new_x11_any_thread(),
         }
     }
 
@@ -780,14 +781,26 @@ impl<T: 'static> EventLoop<T> {
 
     #[cfg(x11_platform)]
     fn new_x11_any_thread() -> Result<EventLoop<T>, EventLoopError> {
-        let xconn = match X11_BACKEND.lock().unwrap().as_ref() {
+        let xconn = match X11_BACKEND.lock().unwrap_or_else(|e| e.into_inner()).as_ref() {
             Ok(xconn) => xconn.clone(),
-            Err(_) => return Err(EventLoopError::NotSupported(NotSupportedError::new())),
+            Err(err) => {
+                return Err(EventLoopError::Os(os_error!(OsError::XNotSupported(err.clone()))))
+            },
         };
 
         Ok(EventLoop::X(x11::EventLoop::new(xconn)))
     }
 
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn is_wayland(&self) -> bool {
+        match *self {
+            #[cfg(wayland_platform)]
+            EventLoop::Wayland(_) => true,
+            #[cfg(x11_platform)]
+            _ => false,
+        }
+    }
+
     pub fn create_proxy(&self) -> EventLoopProxy<T> {
         x11_or_wayland!(match self; EventLoop(evlp) => evlp.create_proxy(); as EventLoopProxy)
     }
@@ -862,14 +875,13 @@ impl ActiveEventLoop {
     pub fn available_monitors(&self) -> VecDeque<MonitorHandle> {
         match *self {
             #[cfg(wayland_platform)]
-            ActiveEventLoop::Wayland(ref evlp) => evlp
-                .available_monitors()
-                .map(MonitorHandle::Wayland)
-                .collect(),
+            ActiveEventLoop::Wayland(ref evlp) => {
+                evlp.available_monitors().map(MonitorHandle::Wayland).collect()
+            },
             #[cfg(x11_platform)]
             ActiveEventLoop::X(ref evlp) => {
                 evlp.available_monitors().map(MonitorHandle::X).collect()
-            }
+            },
         }
     }
 
@@ -891,6 +903,11 @@ impl ActiveEventLoop {
         x11_or_wayland!(match self; Self(evlp) => evlp.raw_display_handle_rwh_05())
     }
 
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn system_theme(&self) -> Option<Theme> {
+        None
+    }
+
     #[cfg(feature = "rwh_06")]
     #[inline]
     pub fn raw_display_handle_rwh_06(
@@ -959,7 +976,7 @@ impl OwnedDisplayHandle {
                 xlib_handle.display = xconn.display.cast();
                 xlib_handle.screen = xconn.default_screen_index() as _;
                 xlib_handle.into()
-            }
+            },
 
             #[cfg(wayland_platform)]
             Self::Wayland(conn) => {
@@ -968,7 +985,7 @@ impl OwnedDisplayHandle {
                 let mut wayland_handle = rwh_05::WaylandDisplayHandle::empty();
                 wayland_handle.display = conn.display().id().as_ptr() as *mut _;
                 wayland_handle.into()
-            }
+            },
         }
     }
 
@@ -995,7 +1012,7 @@ impl OwnedDisplayHandle {
                     NonNull::new(conn.display().id().as_ptr().cast()).unwrap(),
                 )
                 .into())
-            }
+            },
         }
     }
 }
@@ -1004,9 +1021,7 @@ impl OwnedDisplayHandle {
 /// equates to an infinite timeout, not a zero timeout (so can't just use
 /// `Option::min`)
 fn min_timeout(a: Option<Duration>, b: Option<Duration>) -> Option<Duration> {
-    a.map_or(b, |a_timeout| {
-        b.map_or(Some(a_timeout), |b_timeout| Some(a_timeout.min(b_timeout)))
-    })
+    a.map_or(b, |a_timeout| b.map_or(Some(a_timeout), |b_timeout| Some(a_timeout.min(b_timeout))))
 }
 
 #[cfg(target_os = "linux")]

src/platform_impl/linux/wayland/event_loop/mod.rs

@@ -4,16 +4,21 @@ use std::cell::{Cell, RefCell};
 use std::io::Result as IOResult;
 use std::marker::PhantomData;
 use std::mem;
+use std::os::fd::OwnedFd;
 use std::os::unix::io::{AsFd, AsRawFd, BorrowedFd, RawFd};
 use std::rc::Rc;
 use std::sync::atomic::Ordering;
-use std::sync::{Arc, Mutex};
+use std::sync::{Arc, Condvar, Mutex};
+use std::thread::JoinHandle;
 use std::time::{Duration, Instant};
 
+use calloop::ping::Ping;
+use rustix::event::{PollFd, PollFlags};
+use rustix::pipe::{self, PipeFlags};
 use sctk::reexports::calloop::Error as CalloopError;
 use sctk::reexports::calloop_wayland_source::WaylandSource;
-use sctk::reexports::client::globals;
-use sctk::reexports::client::{Connection, QueueHandle};
+use sctk::reexports::client::{globals, Connection, QueueHandle};
+use tracing::warn;
 
 use crate::cursor::OnlyCursorImage;
 use crate::dpi::LogicalSize;
@@ -69,6 +74,8 @@ pub struct EventLoop<T: 'static> {
     // XXX drop after everything else, just to be safe.
     /// Calloop's event loop.
     event_loop: calloop::EventLoop<'static, WinitState>,
+
+    pump_event_notifier: Option<PumpEventNotifier>,
 }
 
 impl<T: 'static> EventLoop<T> {
@@ -81,26 +88,19 @@ impl<T: 'static> EventLoop<T> {
 
         let connection = map_err!(Connection::connect_to_env(), WaylandError::Connection)?;
 
-        let (globals, mut event_queue) = map_err!(
-            globals::registry_queue_init(&connection),
-            WaylandError::Global
-        )?;
+        let (globals, mut event_queue) =
+            map_err!(globals::registry_queue_init(&connection), WaylandError::Global)?;
         let queue_handle = event_queue.handle();
 
-        let event_loop = map_err!(
-            calloop::EventLoop::<WinitState>::try_new(),
-            WaylandError::Calloop
-        )?;
+        let event_loop =
+            map_err!(calloop::EventLoop::<WinitState>::try_new(), WaylandError::Calloop)?;
 
         let mut winit_state = WinitState::new(&globals, &queue_handle, event_loop.handle())
             .map_err(|error| os_error!(error))?;
 
         // NOTE: do a roundtrip after binding the globals to prevent potential
         // races with the server.
-        map_err!(
-            event_queue.roundtrip(&mut winit_state),
-            WaylandError::Dispatch
-        )?;
+        map_err!(event_queue.roundtrip(&mut winit_state), WaylandError::Dispatch)?;
 
         // Register Wayland source.
         let wayland_source = WaylandSource::new(connection.clone(), event_queue);
@@ -117,9 +117,7 @@ impl<T: 'static> EventLoop<T> {
             });
 
         map_err!(
-            event_loop
-                .handle()
-                .register_dispatcher(wayland_dispatcher.clone()),
+            event_loop.handle().register_dispatcher(wayland_dispatcher.clone()),
             WaylandError::Calloop
         )?;
 
@@ -129,15 +127,12 @@ impl<T: 'static> EventLoop<T> {
         let (user_events_sender, user_events_channel) = calloop::channel::channel();
         let result = event_loop
             .handle()
-            .insert_source(
-                user_events_channel,
-                move |event, _, winit_state: &mut WinitState| {
-                    if let calloop::channel::Event::Msg(msg) = event {
-                        winit_state.dispatched_events = true;
-                        pending_user_events_clone.borrow_mut().push(msg);
-                    }
-                },
-            )
+            .insert_source(user_events_channel, move |event, _, winit_state: &mut WinitState| {
+                if let calloop::channel::Event::Msg(msg) = event {
+                    winit_state.dispatched_events = true;
+                    pending_user_events_clone.borrow_mut().push(msg);
+                }
+            })
             .map_err(|error| error.error);
         map_err!(result, WaylandError::Calloop)?;
 
@@ -150,13 +145,10 @@ impl<T: 'static> EventLoop<T> {
 
         let result = event_loop
             .handle()
-            .insert_source(
-                event_loop_awakener_source,
-                move |_, _, winit_state: &mut WinitState| {
-                    // Mark that we have something to dispatch.
-                    winit_state.dispatched_events = true;
-                },
-            )
+            .insert_source(event_loop_awakener_source, move |_, _, winit_state: &mut WinitState| {
+                // Mark that we have something to dispatch.
+                winit_state.dispatched_events = true;
+            })
             .map_err(|error| error.error);
         map_err!(result, WaylandError::Calloop)?;
 
@@ -184,6 +176,7 @@ impl<T: 'static> EventLoop<T> {
                 p: PlatformActiveEventLoop::Wayland(window_target),
                 _marker: PhantomData,
             },
+            pump_event_notifier: None,
         };
 
         Ok(event_loop)
@@ -197,13 +190,13 @@ impl<T: 'static> EventLoop<T> {
             match self.pump_events(None, &mut event_handler) {
                 PumpStatus::Exit(0) => {
                     break Ok(());
-                }
+                },
                 PumpStatus::Exit(code) => {
                     break Err(EventLoopError::ExitFailure(code));
-                }
+                },
                 _ => {
                     continue;
-                }
+                },
             }
         };
 
@@ -239,6 +232,27 @@ impl<T: 'static> EventLoop<T> {
 
             PumpStatus::Exit(code)
         } else {
+            // NOTE: spawn a wake-up thread, thus if we have code reading the wayland connection
+            // in parallel to winit, we ensure that the loop itself is marked as having events.
+            if timeout.is_some() && self.pump_event_notifier.is_none() {
+                let awakener = match &self.window_target.p {
+                    PlatformActiveEventLoop::Wayland(window_target) => {
+                        window_target.event_loop_awakener.clone()
+                    },
+                    #[cfg(x11_platform)]
+                    PlatformActiveEventLoop::X(_) => unreachable!(),
+                };
+
+                self.pump_event_notifier =
+                    Some(PumpEventNotifier::spawn(self.connection.clone(), awakener));
+            }
+
+            if let Some(pump_event_notifier) = self.pump_event_notifier.as_ref() {
+                // Notify that we don't have to wait, since we're out of winit.
+                *pump_event_notifier.control.0.lock().unwrap() = PumpEventNotifierAction::Monitor;
+                pump_event_notifier.control.1.notify_one();
+            }
+
             PumpStatus::Continue
         }
     }
@@ -256,7 +270,7 @@ impl<T: 'static> EventLoop<T> {
                     ControlFlow::Poll => Some(Duration::ZERO),
                     ControlFlow::WaitUntil(wait_deadline) => {
                         Some(wait_deadline.saturating_duration_since(start))
-                    }
+                    },
                 };
                 min_timeout(control_flow_timeout, timeout)
             };
@@ -274,11 +288,12 @@ impl<T: 'static> EventLoop<T> {
 
             if let Err(error) = self.loop_dispatch(timeout) {
                 // NOTE We exit on errors from dispatches, since if we've got protocol error
-                // libwayland-client/wayland-rs will inform us anyway, but crashing downstream is not
-                // really an option. Instead we inform that the event loop got destroyed. We may
-                // communicate an error that something was terminated, but winit doesn't provide us
-                // with an API to do that via some event.
-                // Still, we set the exit code to the error's OS error code, or to 1 if not possible.
+                // libwayland-client/wayland-rs will inform us anyway, but crashing downstream is
+                // not really an option. Instead we inform that the event loop got
+                // destroyed. We may communicate an error that something was
+                // terminated, but winit doesn't provide us with an API to do that
+                // via some event. Still, we set the exit code to the error's OS
+                // error code, or to 1 if not possible.
                 let exit_code = error.raw_os_error().unwrap_or(1);
                 self.set_exit_code(exit_code);
                 return;
@@ -288,28 +303,22 @@ impl<T: 'static> EventLoop<T> {
             // to be considered here
             let cause = match self.control_flow() {
                 ControlFlow::Poll => StartCause::Poll,
-                ControlFlow::Wait => StartCause::WaitCancelled {
-                    start,
-                    requested_resume: None,
-                },
+                ControlFlow::Wait => StartCause::WaitCancelled { start, requested_resume: None },
                 ControlFlow::WaitUntil(deadline) => {
                     if Instant::now() < deadline {
-                        StartCause::WaitCancelled {
-                            start,
-                            requested_resume: Some(deadline),
-                        }
+                        StartCause::WaitCancelled { start, requested_resume: Some(deadline) }
                     } else {
-                        StartCause::ResumeTimeReached {
-                            start,
-                            requested_resume: deadline,
-                        }
+                        StartCause::ResumeTimeReached { start, requested_resume: deadline }
                     }
-                }
+                },
             };
 
             // Reduce spurious wake-ups.
             let dispatched_events = self.with_state(|state| state.dispatched_events);
-            if matches!(cause, StartCause::WaitCancelled { .. }) && !dispatched_events {
+            if matches!(cause, StartCause::WaitCancelled { .. })
+                && !dispatched_events
+                && timeout.is_none()
+            {
                 continue;
             }
 
@@ -471,13 +480,8 @@ impl<T: 'static> EventLoop<T> {
                     return Some(WindowEvent::Destroyed);
                 }
 
-                let mut window = state
-                    .windows
-                    .get_mut()
-                    .get_mut(window_id)
-                    .unwrap()
-                    .lock()
-                    .unwrap();
+                let mut window =
+                    state.windows.get_mut().get_mut(window_id).unwrap().lock().unwrap();
 
                 if window.frame_callback_state() == FrameCallbackState::Requested {
                     return None;
@@ -485,10 +489,8 @@ impl<T: 'static> EventLoop<T> {
 
                 // Reset the frame callbacks state.
                 window.frame_callback_reset();
-                let mut redraw_requested = window_requests
-                    .get(window_id)
-                    .unwrap()
-                    .take_redraw_requested();
+                let mut redraw_requested =
+                    window_requests.get(window_id).unwrap().take_redraw_requested();
 
                 // Redraw the frame while at it.
                 redraw_requested |= window.refresh_frame();
@@ -498,10 +500,7 @@ impl<T: 'static> EventLoop<T> {
 
             if let Some(event) = event {
                 callback(
-                    Event::WindowEvent {
-                        window_id: crate::window::WindowId(*window_id),
-                        event,
-                    },
+                    Event::WindowEvent { window_id: crate::window::WindowId(*window_id), event },
                     &self.window_target,
                 );
             }
@@ -532,7 +531,7 @@ impl<T: 'static> EventLoop<T> {
                     }
 
                     refresh
-                }
+                },
                 None => false,
             });
         }
@@ -545,7 +544,7 @@ impl<T: 'static> EventLoop<T> {
             match &self.window_target.p {
                 PlatformActiveEventLoop::Wayland(window_target) => {
                     window_target.event_loop_awakener.ping();
-                }
+                },
                 #[cfg(x11_platform)]
                 PlatformActiveEventLoop::X(_) => unreachable!(),
             }
@@ -599,9 +598,7 @@ impl<T: 'static> EventLoop<T> {
         let mut wayland_source = self.wayland_dispatcher.as_source_mut();
         let event_queue = wayland_source.queue();
         event_queue.roundtrip(state).map_err(|error| {
-            os_error!(OsError::WaylandError(Arc::new(WaylandError::Dispatch(
-                error
-            ))))
+            os_error!(OsError::WaylandError(Arc::new(WaylandError::Dispatch(error))))
         })
     }
 
@@ -636,7 +633,7 @@ impl<T> AsRawFd for EventLoop<T> {
 
 pub struct ActiveEventLoop {
     /// The event loop wakeup source.
-    pub event_loop_awakener: calloop::ping::Ping,
+    pub event_loop_awakener: Ping,
 
     /// The main queue used by the event loop.
     pub queue_handle: QueueHandle<WinitState>,
@@ -720,3 +717,84 @@ impl ActiveEventLoop {
         .into())
     }
 }
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+struct PumpEventNotifier {
+    /// Whether we're in winit or not.
+    control: Arc<(Mutex<PumpEventNotifierAction>, Condvar)>,
+    /// Waker handle for the working thread.
+    worker_waker: Option<OwnedFd>,
+    /// Thread handle.
+    handle: Option<JoinHandle<()>>,
+}
+
+impl Drop for PumpEventNotifier {
+    fn drop(&mut self) {
+        // Wake-up the thread.
+        if let Some(worker_waker) = self.worker_waker.as_ref() {
+            let _ = rustix::io::write(worker_waker.as_fd(), &[0u8]);
+        }
+        *self.control.0.lock().unwrap() = PumpEventNotifierAction::Monitor;
+        self.control.1.notify_one();
+
+        if let Some(handle) = self.handle.take() {
+            let _ = handle.join();
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl PumpEventNotifier {
+    fn spawn(connection: Connection, awakener: Ping) -> Self {
+        // Start from the waiting state.
+        let control = Arc::new((Mutex::new(PumpEventNotifierAction::Pause), Condvar::new()));
+        let control_thread = Arc::clone(&control);
+
+        let (read, write) = match pipe::pipe_with(PipeFlags::CLOEXEC | PipeFlags::NONBLOCK) {
+            Ok((read, write)) => (read, write),
+            Err(_) => return Self { control, handle: None, worker_waker: None },
+        };
+
+        let handle =
+            std::thread::Builder::new().name(String::from("pump_events mon")).spawn(move || {
+                let (lock, cvar) = &*control_thread;
+                'outer: loop {
+                    let mut wait = lock.lock().unwrap();
+                    while *wait == PumpEventNotifierAction::Pause {
+                        wait = cvar.wait(wait).unwrap();
+                    }
+                    // Wake-up the main loop and put this one back to sleep.
+                    *wait = PumpEventNotifierAction::Pause;
+                    drop(wait);
+
+                    while let Some(read_guard) = connection.prepare_read() {
+                        let _ = connection.flush();
+                        let poll_fd = PollFd::from_borrowed_fd(connection.as_fd(), PollFlags::IN);
+                        let pipe_poll_fd = PollFd::from_borrowed_fd(read.as_fd(), PollFlags::IN);
+                        // Read from the `fd` before going back to poll.
+                        if Ok(1) == rustix::io::read(read.as_fd(), &mut [0u8; 1]) {
+                            break 'outer;
+                        }
+                        let _ = rustix::event::poll(&mut [poll_fd, pipe_poll_fd], -1);
+                        // Non-blocking read the connection.
+                        let _ = read_guard.read_without_dispatch();
+                    }
+
+                    awakener.ping();
+                }
+            });
+
+        if let Some(err) = handle.as_ref().err() {
+            warn!("failed to spawn pump_events wake-up thread: {err}");
+        }
+
+        PumpEventNotifier { control, handle: handle.ok(), worker_waker: Some(write) }
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
+enum PumpEventNotifierAction {
+    /// Monitor the wayland queue.
+    Monitor,
+    /// Pause monitoring.
+    Pause,
+}