doc: Add installation instructions to docs

This commit adds installation instructions to the top-level
documentation for lib.rs. The main goal is to give the dependencies that
X11/Wayland use in a formal place, since it's not written down anywhere
to my knowledge.

Signed-off-by: John Nunley <dev@notgull.net>

.github/PULL_REQUEST_TEMPLATE.md

@@ -2,4 +2,3 @@
 - [ ] Added an entry to the `changelog` module if knowledge of this change could be valuable to users
 - [ ] Updated documentation to reflect any user-facing changes, including notes of platform-specific behavior
 - [ ] Created or updated an example program if it would help users understand this functionality
-- [ ] Updated [feature matrix](https://github.com/rust-windowing/winit/blob/master/FEATURES.md), if new features were added or implemented

.github/workflows/ci.yml

@@ -68,7 +68,8 @@ jobs:
           - { name: 'Wayland',            target: x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu, os: ubuntu-latest, options: '--no-default-features --features=wayland,wayland-dlopen' }
           - { name: 'Android',            target: aarch64-linux-android,    os: ubuntu-latest, options: '--package=winit --features=android-native-activity', cmd: 'apk --' }
           - { name: 'Redox OS',           target: x86_64-unknown-redox,     os: ubuntu-latest,   }
-          - { name: 'macOS',              target: x86_64-apple-darwin,      os: macos-latest,    }
+          - { name: 'macOS x86_64',       target: x86_64-apple-darwin,      os: macos-latest,    }
+          - { name: 'macOS Aarch64',      target: aarch64-apple-darwin,     os: macos-latest,    }
           - { name: 'iOS x86_64',         target: x86_64-apple-ios,         os: macos-latest,    }
           - { name: 'iOS Aarch64',        target: aarch64-apple-ios,        os: macos-latest,    }
           - { name: 'Web',                target: wasm32-unknown-unknown,   os: ubuntu-latest,   }
@@ -243,10 +244,11 @@ jobs:
           - { name: 'Android', target: aarch64-linux-android }
           - { name: 'iOS', target: aarch64-apple-ios }
           - { name: 'Linux', target: x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu }
-          - { name: 'macOS', target: x86_64-apple-darwin }
+          - { name: 'macOS', target: aarch64-apple-darwin }
           - { name: 'Redox OS', target: x86_64-unknown-redox }
           - { name: 'Web', target: wasm32-unknown-unknown }
-          - { name: 'Windows', target: x86_64-pc-windows-gnu }
+          - { name: 'Windows GNU', target: x86_64-pc-windows-gnu }
+          - { name: 'Windows MSVC', target: x86_64-pc-windows-msvc }
 
     steps:
     - uses: taiki-e/checkout-action@v1

Cargo.toml

@@ -21,11 +21,10 @@ name = "winit"
 readme = "README.md"
 repository.workspace = true
 rust-version.workspace = true
-version = "0.30.4"
+version = "0.30.5"
 
 [package.metadata.docs.rs]
 features = [
-    "rwh_06",
     "serde",
     "mint",
     # Enabled to get docs to compile
@@ -38,12 +37,13 @@ targets = [
     "i686-pc-windows-msvc",
     "x86_64-pc-windows-msvc",
     # macOS
+    "aarch64-apple-darwin",
     "x86_64-apple-darwin",
     # Unix (X11 & Wayland)
     "i686-unknown-linux-gnu",
     "x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu",
     # iOS
-    "x86_64-apple-ios",
+    "aarch64-apple-ios",
     # Android
     "aarch64-linux-android",
     # Web
@@ -54,9 +54,8 @@ targets = [
 [features]
 android-game-activity = ["android-activity/game-activity"]
 android-native-activity = ["android-activity/native-activity"]
-default = ["rwh_06", "x11", "wayland", "wayland-dlopen", "wayland-csd-adwaita"]
+default = ["x11", "wayland", "wayland-dlopen", "wayland-csd-adwaita"]
 mint = ["dpi/mint"]
-rwh_06 = ["dep:rwh_06", "ndk/rwh_06"]
 serde = ["dep:serde", "cursor-icon/serde", "smol_str/serde", "dpi/serde", "bitflags/serde"]
 wayland = [
     "wayland-client",
@@ -80,9 +79,9 @@ cfg_aliases = "0.2.1"
 bitflags = "2"
 cursor-icon = "1.1.0"
 dpi = { version = "0.1.1", path = "dpi" }
-rwh_06 = { package = "raw-window-handle", version = "0.6", features = ["std"], optional = true }
+rwh_06 = { package = "raw-window-handle", version = "0.6", features = ["std"] }
 serde = { workspace = true, optional = true }
-smol_str = "0.2.0"
+smol_str = "0.3"
 tracing = { version = "0.1.40", default-features = false }
 
 [dev-dependencies]
@@ -90,8 +89,8 @@ image = { version = "0.25.0", default-features = false, features = ["png"] }
 tracing = { version = "0.1.40", default-features = false, features = ["log"] }
 tracing-subscriber = { version = "0.3.18", features = ["env-filter"] }
 
-[target.'cfg(not(any(target_os = "android", target_os = "ios")))'.dev-dependencies]
-softbuffer = { version = "0.4.0", default-features = false, features = [
+[target.'cfg(not(target_os = "android"))'.dev-dependencies]
+softbuffer = { version = "0.4.6", default-features = false, features = [
     "x11",
     "x11-dlopen",
     "wayland",
@@ -101,16 +100,16 @@ softbuffer = { version = "0.4.0", default-features = false, features = [
 # Android
 [target.'cfg(target_os = "android")'.dependencies]
 android-activity = "0.6.0"
-ndk = { version = "0.9.0", default-features = false }
+ndk = { version = "0.9.0", features = ["rwh_06"], default-features = false }
 
 # AppKit or UIKit
 [target.'cfg(target_vendor = "apple")'.dependencies]
+block2 = "0.5.1"
 core-foundation = "0.9.3"
 objc2 = "0.5.2"
 
 # AppKit
 [target.'cfg(target_os = "macos")'.dependencies]
-block2 = "0.5.1"
 core-graphics = "0.23.1"
 objc2-app-kit = { version = "0.2.2", features = [
     "NSAppearance",
@@ -135,6 +134,7 @@ objc2-app-kit = { version = "0.2.2", features = [
     "NSScreen",
     "NSTextInputClient",
     "NSTextInputContext",
+    "NSToolbar",
     "NSView",
     "NSWindow",
     "NSWindowScripting",
@@ -149,9 +149,11 @@ objc2-foundation = { version = "0.2.2", features = [
     "NSDictionary",
     "NSDistributedNotificationCenter",
     "NSEnumerator",
+    "NSGeometry",
     "NSKeyValueObserving",
     "NSNotification",
     "NSObjCRuntime",
+    "NSOperation",
     "NSPathUtilities",
     "NSProcessInfo",
     "NSRunLoop",
@@ -163,11 +165,13 @@ objc2-foundation = { version = "0.2.2", features = [
 # UIKit
 [target.'cfg(all(target_vendor = "apple", not(target_os = "macos")))'.dependencies]
 objc2-foundation = { version = "0.2.2", features = [
+    "block2",
     "dispatch",
     "NSArray",
     "NSEnumerator",
     "NSGeometry",
     "NSObjCRuntime",
+    "NSOperation",
     "NSString",
     "NSProcessInfo",
     "NSThread",
@@ -179,6 +183,8 @@ objc2-ui-kit = { version = "0.2.2", features = [
     "UIEvent",
     "UIGeometry",
     "UIGestureRecognizer",
+    "UITextInput",
+    "UITextInputTraits",
     "UIOrientation",
     "UIPanGestureRecognizer",
     "UIPinchGestureRecognizer",
@@ -208,6 +214,7 @@ windows-sys = { version = "0.52.0", features = [
     "Win32_System_Com",
     "Win32_System_LibraryLoader",
     "Win32_System_Ole",
+    "Win32_Security",
     "Win32_System_SystemInformation",
     "Win32_System_SystemServices",
     "Win32_System_Threading",
@@ -251,6 +258,7 @@ wayland-protocols-plasma = { version = "0.3.2", features = ["client"], optional
 x11-dl = { version = "2.19.1", optional = true }
 x11rb = { version = "0.13.0", default-features = false, features = [
     "allow-unsafe-code",
+    "cursor",
     "dl-libxcb",
     "randr",
     "resource_manager",
@@ -263,16 +271,16 @@ xkbcommon-dl = "0.4.2"
 # Orbital
 [target.'cfg(target_os = "redox")'.dependencies]
 orbclient = { version = "0.3.47", default-features = false }
-redox_syscall = "0.4.1"
+redox_syscall = "0.5.7"
 
 # Web
 [target.'cfg(target_family = "wasm")'.dependencies]
-js-sys = "0.3.64"
+js-sys = "0.3.70"
 pin-project = "1"
-wasm-bindgen = "0.2"
-wasm-bindgen-futures = "0.4"
+wasm-bindgen = "0.2.93"
+wasm-bindgen-futures = "0.4.43"
 web-time = "1"
-web_sys = { package = "web-sys", version = "0.3.64", features = [
+web_sys = { package = "web-sys", version = "0.3.70", features = [
     "AbortController",
     "AbortSignal",
     "Blob",
@@ -289,6 +297,7 @@ web_sys = { package = "web-sys", version = "0.3.64", features = [
     "FocusEvent",
     "HtmlCanvasElement",
     "HtmlElement",
+    "HtmlHtmlElement",
     "HtmlImageElement",
     "ImageBitmap",
     "ImageBitmapOptions",
@@ -336,11 +345,9 @@ wasm-bindgen-test = "0.3"
 [[example]]
 doc-scrape-examples = true
 name = "window"
-required-features = ["rwh_06"]
 
 [[example]]
 name = "child_window"
-required-features = ["rwh_06"]
 
 [workspace]
 members = ["dpi"]

FEATURES.md

@@ -47,201 +47,3 @@ through the implementation work necessary to function on all platforms. When one
 gets implemented across all platforms, a PR can be opened to upgrade the feature to a core feature.
 If that gets accepted, the platform-specific functions get deprecated and become permanently
 exposed through the core, cross-platform API.
-
-# Features
-
-## Extending this section
-
-If your PR makes notable changes to Winit's features, please update this section as follows:
-
-- If your PR adds a new feature, add a brief description to the relevant section. If the feature is a core
-  feature, add a row to the feature matrix and describe what platforms the feature has been implemented on.
-
-- If your PR begins a new API rework, add a row to the `Pending API Reworks` table. If the PR implements the
-  API rework on all relevant platforms, please move it to the `Completed API Reworks` table.
-
-- If your PR implements an already-existing feature on a new platform, either mark the feature as *completed*,
-  or mark it as *mostly completed* and link to an issue describing the problems with the implementation.
-
-## Core
-
-### Windowing
-- **Window initialization**: Winit allows the creation of a window
-- **Providing pointer to init OpenGL**: Winit provides the necessary pointers to initialize a working opengl context
-- **Providing pointer to init Vulkan**: Same as OpenGL but for Vulkan
-- **Window decorations**: The windows created by winit are properly decorated, and the decorations can
-  be deactivated
-- **Window decorations toggle**: Decorations can be turned on or off after window creation
-- **Window resizing**: The windows created by winit can be resized and generate the appropriate events
-  when they are. The application can precisely control its window size if desired.
-- **Window resize increments**: When the window gets resized, the application can choose to snap the window's
-  size to specific values.
-- **Window transparency**: Winit allows the creation of windows with a transparent background.
-- **Window maximization**: The windows created by winit can be maximized upon creation.
-- **Window maximization toggle**: The windows created by winit can be maximized and unmaximized after
-  creation.
-- **Window minimization**: The windows created by winit can be minimized after creation.
-- **Fullscreen**: The windows created by winit can be put into fullscreen mode.
-- **Fullscreen toggle**: The windows created by winit can be switched to and from fullscreen after
-  creation.
-- **Exclusive fullscreen**: Winit allows changing the video mode of the monitor
-  for fullscreen windows and, if applicable, captures the monitor for exclusive
-  use by this application.
-- **HiDPI support**: Winit assists developers in appropriately scaling HiDPI content.
-- **Popup / modal windows**: Windows can be created relative to the client area of other windows, and parent
-  windows can be disabled in favor of popup windows. This feature also guarantees that popup windows
-  get drawn above their owner.
-
-
-### System Information
-- **Monitor list**: Retrieve the list of monitors and their metadata, including which one is primary.
-- **Video mode query**: Monitors can be queried for their supported fullscreen video modes (consisting of resolution, refresh rate, and bit depth).
-
-### Input Handling
-- **Mouse events**: Generating mouse events associated with pointer motion, click, and scrolling events.
-- **Mouse set location**: Forcibly changing the location of the pointer.
-- **Cursor locking**: Locking the cursor inside the window so it cannot move.
-- **Cursor confining**: Confining the cursor to the window bounds so it cannot leave them.
-- **Cursor icon**: Changing the cursor icon or hiding the cursor.
-- **Cursor image**: Changing the cursor to your own image.
-- **Cursor hittest**: Handle or ignore mouse events for a window.
-- **Touch events**: Single-touch events.
-- **Touch pressure**: Touch events contain information about the amount of force being applied.
-- **Multitouch**: Multi-touch events, including cancellation of a gesture.
-- **Keyboard events**: Properly processing keyboard events using the user-specified keymap and
-  translating keypresses into UTF-8 characters, handling dead keys and IMEs.
-- **Drag & Drop**: Dragging content into winit, detecting when content enters, drops, or if the drop is cancelled.
-- **Raw Device Events**: Capturing input from input devices without any OS filtering.
-- **Gamepad/Joystick events**: Capturing input from gamepads and joysticks.
-- **Device movement events**: Capturing input from the device gyroscope and accelerometer.
-
-## Platform
-### Windows
-* Setting the name of the internal window class
-* Setting the taskbar icon
-* Setting the parent window
-* Setting a menu bar
-* `WS_EX_NOREDIRECTIONBITMAP` support
-* Theme the title bar according to Windows 10 Dark Mode setting or set a preferred theme
-* Changing a system-drawn backdrop
-* Setting the window border color
-* Setting the title bar background color
-* Setting the title color
-* Setting the corner rounding preference
-
-### macOS
-* Window activation policy
-* Window movable by background
-* Transparent titlebar
-* Hidden titlebar
-* Hidden titlebar buttons
-* Full-size content view
-* Accepts first mouse
-* Set a preferred theme and get current theme.
-
-### Unix
-* Window urgency
-* X11 Window Class
-* X11 Override Redirect Flag
-* GTK Theme Variant
-* Base window size
-* Setting the X11 parent window
-
-### iOS
-* Get the `UIScreen` object pointer
-* Setting the `UIView` hidpi factor
-* Valid orientations
-* Home indicator visibility
-* Status bar visibility and style
-* Deferring system gestures
-* Getting the preferred video mode
-
-### Web
-* Get if the systems preferred color scheme is "dark"
-
-## Compatibility Matrix
-
-Legend:
-
-- ✔️: Works as intended
-- ▢: Mostly works, but some bugs are known
-- ❌: Missing feature or large bugs making it unusable
-- **N/A**: Not applicable for this platform
-- ❓: Unknown status
-
-### Windowing
-|Feature                          |Windows|MacOS   |Linux x11   |Linux Wayland  |Android|iOS    |Web      |Redox OS|
-|-------------------------------- | ----- | ----   | -------    | -----------   | ----- | ----- | -------- | ------ |
-|Window initialization            |✔️     |✔️     |▢[#5]      |✔️             |▢[#33]|▢[#33] |✔️        |✔️      |
-|Providing pointer to init OpenGL |✔️     |✔️     |✔️         |✔️             |✔️     |✔️    |**N/A**|✔️      |
-|Providing pointer to init Vulkan |✔️     |✔️     |✔️         |✔️             |✔️     |❓     |**N/A**|**N/A** |
-|Window decorations               |✔️     |✔️     |✔️         |✔️             |**N/A**|**N/A**|**N/A**|✔️      |
-|Window decorations toggle        |✔️     |✔️     |✔️         |✔️             |**N/A**|**N/A**|**N/A**|**N/A** |
-|Window resizing                  |✔️     |✔️     |✔️         |✔️        |**N/A**|**N/A**|✔️        |✔️      |
-|Window resize increments         |✔️     |✔️     |✔️         |❌             |**N/A**|**N/A**|**N/A**|**N/A** |
-|Window transparency              |✔️     |✔️     |✔️         |✔️             |**N/A**|**N/A**|N/A        |✔️      |
-|Window blur                      |❌    |❌    |❌        |✔️             |**N/A**|**N/A**|N/A        |❌     |
-|Window maximization              |✔️     |✔️     |✔️         |✔️             |**N/A**|**N/A**|**N/A**|**N/A** |
-|Window maximization toggle       |✔️     |✔️     |✔️         |✔️             |**N/A**|**N/A**|**N/A**|**N/A** |
-|Window minimization              |✔️     |✔️     |✔️         |✔️             |**N/A**|**N/A**|**N/A**|**N/A** |
-|Fullscreen                       |✔️     |✔️     |✔️         |✔️             |**N/A**|✔️     |✔️        |**N/A** |
-|Fullscreen toggle                |✔️     |✔️     |✔️         |✔️             |**N/A**|✔️     |✔️        |**N/A** |
-|Exclusive fullscreen             |✔️     |✔️     |✔️         |**N/A**         |❌    |✔️     |**N/A**|**N/A** |
-|HiDPI support                    |✔️     |✔️     |✔️         |✔️             |✔️     |✔️    |✔️    |❌      |
-|Popup windows                    |❌     |❌     |❌         |❌             |❌    |❌     |**N/A**|**N/A** |
-
-### System information
-|Feature          |Windows|MacOS |Linux x11|Linux Wayland|Android|iOS      |Web      |Redox OS|
-|---------------- | ----- | ---- | ------- | ----------- | ----- | ------- | -------- | ------ |
-|Monitor list     |✔️    |✔️    |✔️       |✔️          |✔️     |✔️      |**N/A**|❌      |
-|Video mode query |✔️    |✔️    |✔️       |✔️          |✔️     |✔️      |**N/A**|❌      |
-
-### Input handling
-|Feature                 |Windows   |MacOS   |Linux x11|Linux Wayland|Android|iOS    |Web      |Redox OS|
-|----------------------- | -----    | ----   | ------- | ----------- | ----- | ----- | -------- | ------ |
-|Mouse events            |✔️       |▢[#63]  |✔️       |✔️          |**N/A**|**N/A**|✔️        |✔️      |
-|Mouse set location      |✔️       |✔️      |✔️       |✔️(when locked)  |**N/A**|**N/A**|**N/A**|**N/A** |
-|Cursor locking          |❌       |✔️      |❌       |✔️          |**N/A**|**N/A**|✔️        |❌      |
-|Cursor confining        |✔️       |❌      |✔️       |✔️          |**N/A**|**N/A**|❌       |❌      |
-|Cursor icon             |✔️       |✔️      |✔️       |✔️          |**N/A**|**N/A**|✔️        |**N/A** |
-|Cursor image            |✔️       |✔️      |✔️       |✔️          |**N/A**|**N/A**|✔️        |**N/A** |
-|Cursor hittest          |✔️       |✔️      |✔️       |✔️          |**N/A**|**N/A**|❌        |❌      |
-|Touch events            |✔️       |❌      |✔️       |✔️          |✔️    |✔️     |✔️        |**N/A** |
-|Touch pressure          |✔️       |❌      |❌       |❌          |❌    |✔️     |✔️        |**N/A** |
-|Multitouch              |✔️       |❌      |✔️       |✔️          |✔️    |✔️     |❌        |**N/A** |
-|Keyboard events         |✔️       |✔️      |✔️       |✔️          |✔️    |❌     |✔️        |✔️      |
-|Drag & Drop             |▢[#720]  |▢[#720] |▢[#720]  |▢[#720]   |**N/A**|**N/A**|❓        |**N/A** |
-|Raw Device Events       |▢[#750]  |▢[#750] |▢[#750]  |❌          |❌    |❌     |❓        |**N/A** |
-|Gamepad/Joystick events |❌[#804] |❌      |❌       |❌          |❌    |❌     |❓        |**N/A** |
-|Device movement events  |❓        |❓       |❓       |❓           |❌    |❌     |❓        |**N/A** |
-|Drag window with cursor |✔️       |✔️      |✔️       |✔️          |**N/A**|**N/A**|**N/A**   |**N/A** |
-|Resize with cursor      |✔️       |❌       |✔️       |✔️       |**N/A**|**N/A**|**N/A**   |**N/A** |
-
-### Pending API Reworks
-Changes in the API that have been agreed upon but aren't implemented across all platforms.
-
-|Feature                             |Windows|MacOS |Linux x11|Linux Wayland|Android|iOS    |Web      |Redox OS|
-|------------------------------      | ----- | ---- | ------- | ----------- | ----- | ----- | -------- | ------ |
-|New API for HiDPI ([#315] [#319])   |✔️      |✔️     |✔️        |✔️            |✔️      |✔️      |❓        |❓      |
-|Event Loop 2.0 ([#459])             |✔️      |✔️     |✔️        |✔️            |✔️      |✔️      |❓        |✔️       |
-|Keyboard Input 2.0 ([#753])         |✔️      |✔️     |✔️        |✔️            |✔️      |❌     |✔️         |✔️       |
-
-### Completed API Reworks
-|Feature                             |Windows|MacOS |Linux x11|Linux Wayland|Android|iOS    |Web      |Redox OS|
-|------------------------------      | ----- | ---- | ------- | ----------- | ----- | ----- | -------- | ------ |
-
-[#165]: https://github.com/rust-windowing/winit/issues/165
-[#219]: https://github.com/rust-windowing/winit/issues/219
-[#242]: https://github.com/rust-windowing/winit/issues/242
-[#306]: https://github.com/rust-windowing/winit/issues/306
-[#315]: https://github.com/rust-windowing/winit/issues/315
-[#319]: https://github.com/rust-windowing/winit/issues/319
-[#33]: https://github.com/rust-windowing/winit/issues/33
-[#459]: https://github.com/rust-windowing/winit/issues/459
-[#5]: https://github.com/rust-windowing/winit/issues/5
-[#63]: https://github.com/rust-windowing/winit/issues/63
-[#720]: https://github.com/rust-windowing/winit/issues/720
-[#721]: https://github.com/rust-windowing/winit/issues/721
-[#750]: https://github.com/rust-windowing/winit/issues/750
-[#753]: https://github.com/rust-windowing/winit/issues/753
-[#804]: https://github.com/rust-windowing/winit/issues/804

README.md

@@ -2,13 +2,13 @@
 
 [![Crates.io](https://img.shields.io/crates/v/winit.svg)](https://crates.io/crates/winit)
 [![Docs.rs](https://docs.rs/winit/badge.svg)](https://docs.rs/winit)
-[![Master Docs](https://img.shields.io/github/actions/workflow/status/rust-windowing/winit/docs.yml?branch=master&label=master%20docs
+[![UNSTABLE docs](https://img.shields.io/github/actions/workflow/status/rust-windowing/winit/docs.yml?branch=master&label=UNSTABLE%20docs
 )](https://rust-windowing.github.io/winit/winit/index.html)
 [![CI Status](https://github.com/rust-windowing/winit/workflows/CI/badge.svg)](https://github.com/rust-windowing/winit/actions)
 
 ```toml
 [dependencies]
-winit = "0.30.4"
+winit = "0.30.5"
 ```
 
 ## [Documentation](https://docs.rs/winit)
@@ -66,4 +66,4 @@ same MSRV policy.
 
 ### Platform-specific usage
 
-Check out the [`winit::platform`](https://rust-windowing.github.io/winit/winit/platform/index.html) module for platform-specific usage.
+Check out the [`winit::platform`](https://docs.rs/winit/latest/winit/platform/index.html) module for platform-specific usage.

deny.toml

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
 all-features = true
 exclude-dev = true
 targets = [
+    { triple = "aarch64-apple-darwin" },
     { triple = "aarch64-apple-ios" },
     { triple = "aarch64-linux-android" },
     { triple = "i686-pc-windows-gnu" },
@@ -25,12 +26,12 @@ targets = [
 
 [licenses]
 allow = [
-    "Apache-2.0",       # https://tldrlegal.com/license/apache-license-2.0-(apache-2.0)
-    "BSD-2-Clause",     # https://tldrlegal.com/license/bsd-2-clause-license-(freebsd)
-    "BSD-3-Clause",     # https://tldrlegal.com/license/bsd-3-clause-license-(revised)
-    "ISC",              # https://tldrlegal.com/license/-isc-license
-    "MIT",              # https://tldrlegal.com/license/mit-license
-    "Unicode-DFS-2016", # https://spdx.org/licenses/Unicode-DFS-2016.html
+    "Apache-2.0",   # https://tldrlegal.com/license/apache-license-2.0-(apache-2.0)
+    "BSD-2-Clause", # https://tldrlegal.com/license/bsd-2-clause-license-(freebsd)
+    "BSD-3-Clause", # https://tldrlegal.com/license/bsd-3-clause-license-(revised)
+    "ISC",          # https://tldrlegal.com/license/isc-license
+    "MIT",          # https://tldrlegal.com/license/mit-license
+    "Unicode-3.0",  # https://spdx.org/licenses/Unicode-3.0.html
 ]
 confidence-threshold = 1.0
 private = { ignore = true }
@@ -54,19 +55,6 @@ crate = "android-activity"
 allow-globs = ["freetype2/*"]
 crate = "freetype-sys"
 
-[[bans.build.bypass]]
-allow = [
-    { path = "releases/friends.sh", checksum = "f896ccdcb8445d29ed6dd0d9a360f94d4f33af2f1cc9965e7bb38b156c45949d" },
-]
-crate = "wasm-bindgen"
-
-[[bans.build.bypass]]
-allow = [
-    { path = "ui-tests/update-all-references.sh", checksum = "8b8dbf31e7ada1314956db7a20ab14b13af3ae246a6295afdc7dc96af8ec3773" },
-    { path = "ui-tests/update-references.sh", checksum = "65375c25981646e08e8589449a06be4505b1a2c9e10d35f650be4b1b495dff22" },
-]
-crate = "wasm-bindgen-macro"
-
 [[bans.build.bypass]]
 allow-globs = ["lib/*.a"]
 crate = "windows_i686_gnu"

docs/ATTRIBUTION.md

@@ -9,3 +9,10 @@ by [Tomiĉo] (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/User:Tomi%C4%89o). It was
 originally released under the [CC-BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en)
 License. Minor modifications have been made by [John Nunley](https://github.com/notgull),
 which have been released under the same license as a derivative work.
+
+## `coordinate-systems*`
+
+These files are created by [Mads Marquart](https://github.com/madsmtm) using
+[draw.io](https://draw.io/), and compressed using [svgomg.net](https://svgomg.net/).
+
+They are licensed under the [CC-BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) license.

docs/coordinate-systems.drawio

@@ -0,0 +1,130 @@
+<mxfile host="app.diagrams.net" agent="Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10.15; rv:132.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/132.0" version="24.8.6" pages="2">
+  <diagram name="desktop" id="3DDum1nDijUk3y7wIDRm">
+    <mxGraphModel dx="1080" dy="707" grid="1" gridSize="10" guides="1" tooltips="1" connect="1" arrows="1" fold="1" page="1" pageScale="1" pageWidth="1000" pageHeight="500" math="0" shadow="0">
+      <root>
+        <mxCell id="0" />
+        <mxCell id="1" parent="0" />
+        <mxCell id="cRYnzpdCW-J0f_YpP3mc-1" value="" style="rounded=0;whiteSpace=wrap;html=1;fillColor=#E8E8E8;fontColor=#333333;strokeColor=#666666;" parent="1" vertex="1">
+          <mxGeometry x="200" y="80" width="480" height="360" as="geometry" />
+        </mxCell>
+        <mxCell id="cRYnzpdCW-J0f_YpP3mc-4" value="" style="rounded=1;whiteSpace=wrap;html=1;shadow=0;fillColor=#d5e8d4;strokeColor=#666666;" parent="1" vertex="1">
+          <mxGeometry x="260" y="340" width="360" height="40" as="geometry" />
+        </mxCell>
+        <mxCell id="cRYnzpdCW-J0f_YpP3mc-2" value="" style="rounded=1;whiteSpace=wrap;html=1;shadow=0;fillColor=#dae8fc;strokeColor=#666666;" parent="1" vertex="1">
+          <mxGeometry x="260" y="140" width="360" height="80" as="geometry" />
+        </mxCell>
+        <mxCell id="cRYnzpdCW-J0f_YpP3mc-3" value="" style="rounded=0;whiteSpace=wrap;html=1;fillColor=#DBDBDB;strokeColor=#666666;fontColor=#333333;" parent="1" vertex="1">
+          <mxGeometry x="200" y="60" width="480" height="20" as="geometry" />
+        </mxCell>
+        <mxCell id="cRYnzpdCW-J0f_YpP3mc-5" value="" style="rounded=0;whiteSpace=wrap;html=1;strokeColor=none;fillColor=#d5e8d4;" parent="1" vertex="1">
+          <mxGeometry x="260" y="180" width="360" height="180" as="geometry" />
+        </mxCell>
+        <mxCell id="cRYnzpdCW-J0f_YpP3mc-6" value="" style="endArrow=none;html=1;rounded=0;exitX=0;exitY=0.5;exitDx=0;exitDy=0;entryX=0;entryY=0.5;entryDx=0;entryDy=0;strokeColor=#666666;" parent="1" source="cRYnzpdCW-J0f_YpP3mc-4" target="cRYnzpdCW-J0f_YpP3mc-2" edge="1">
+          <mxGeometry width="50" height="50" relative="1" as="geometry">
+            <mxPoint x="10" y="310" as="sourcePoint" />
+            <mxPoint x="60" y="260" as="targetPoint" />
+          </mxGeometry>
+        </mxCell>
+        <mxCell id="cRYnzpdCW-J0f_YpP3mc-7" value="" style="endArrow=none;html=1;rounded=0;exitX=1;exitY=0.5;exitDx=0;exitDy=0;entryX=1;entryY=0.5;entryDx=0;entryDy=0;strokeColor=#666666;" parent="1" source="cRYnzpdCW-J0f_YpP3mc-4" target="cRYnzpdCW-J0f_YpP3mc-2" edge="1">
+          <mxGeometry width="50" height="50" relative="1" as="geometry">
+            <mxPoint x="770" y="570" as="sourcePoint" />
+            <mxPoint x="770" y="210" as="targetPoint" />
+          </mxGeometry>
+        </mxCell>
+        <mxCell id="cRYnzpdCW-J0f_YpP3mc-8" value="" style="endArrow=none;html=1;rounded=0;exitX=0;exitY=0.5;exitDx=0;exitDy=0;entryX=1;entryY=0;entryDx=0;entryDy=0;strokeColor=#666666;" parent="1" source="cRYnzpdCW-J0f_YpP3mc-2" target="cRYnzpdCW-J0f_YpP3mc-5" edge="1">
+          <mxGeometry width="50" height="50" relative="1" as="geometry">
+            <mxPoint x="220.00000000000023" y="179.69" as="sourcePoint" />
+            <mxPoint x="740.0000000000002" y="179.69" as="targetPoint" />
+          </mxGeometry>
+        </mxCell>
+        <mxCell id="cRYnzpdCW-J0f_YpP3mc-9" value="&lt;font&gt;outer_position&lt;/font&gt;" style="endArrow=blockThin;html=1;strokeWidth=3;rounded=0;exitX=0;exitY=0;exitDx=0;exitDy=0;dashed=1;align=right;fontSize=20;fontFamily=monospace;fontColor=#6C8EBF;labelBackgroundColor=none;spacingLeft=0;spacingRight=15;spacing=0;fillColor=#dae8fc;strokeColor=#6C8EBF;endFill=1;startArrow=oval;startFill=1;endSize=6;targetPerimeterSpacing=0;entryX=0;entryY=0;entryDx=0;entryDy=0;" parent="1" source="cRYnzpdCW-J0f_YpP3mc-3" edge="1" target="cRYnzpdCW-J0f_YpP3mc-2">
+          <mxGeometry x="-0.36" y="-24" width="50" height="50" relative="1" as="geometry">
+            <mxPoint x="80" y="160" as="sourcePoint" />
+            <mxPoint x="240" y="160" as="targetPoint" />
+            <mxPoint as="offset" />
+          </mxGeometry>
+        </mxCell>
+        <mxCell id="cRYnzpdCW-J0f_YpP3mc-10" value="&lt;font&gt;outer_size&lt;/font&gt;" style="endArrow=none;html=1;strokeWidth=3;rounded=0;dashed=1;align=left;fontSize=20;fontFamily=monospace;fontColor=#6C8EBF;labelBackgroundColor=none;spacingLeft=15;spacingRight=0;spacing=0;exitX=1;exitY=0;exitDx=0;exitDy=0;fillColor=#dae8fc;strokeColor=#6c8ebf;entryX=1;entryY=1;entryDx=0;entryDy=0;" parent="1" source="cRYnzpdCW-J0f_YpP3mc-2" edge="1" target="cRYnzpdCW-J0f_YpP3mc-4">
+          <mxGeometry width="50" height="50" relative="1" as="geometry">
+            <mxPoint x="850" y="170" as="sourcePoint" />
+            <mxPoint x="760" y="420" as="targetPoint" />
+            <Array as="points">
+              <mxPoint x="860" y="140" />
+              <mxPoint x="860" y="380" />
+            </Array>
+            <mxPoint as="offset" />
+          </mxGeometry>
+        </mxCell>
+        <mxCell id="cRYnzpdCW-J0f_YpP3mc-11" value="&lt;font&gt;surface_size&lt;/font&gt;" style="endArrow=none;html=1;strokeWidth=3;rounded=0;dashed=1;align=left;fontSize=20;fontFamily=monospace;fontColor=#82B366;labelBackgroundColor=none;spacingLeft=15;spacingRight=0;spacing=0;entryX=1;entryY=1;entryDx=0;entryDy=0;fillColor=#d5e8d4;strokeColor=#82B366;" parent="1" target="cRYnzpdCW-J0f_YpP3mc-4" edge="1">
+          <mxGeometry x="0.0526" width="50" height="50" relative="1" as="geometry">
+            <mxPoint x="600" y="180" as="sourcePoint" />
+            <mxPoint x="760" y="420" as="targetPoint" />
+            <Array as="points">
+              <mxPoint x="700" y="180" />
+              <mxPoint x="700" y="380" />
+            </Array>
+            <mxPoint as="offset" />
+          </mxGeometry>
+        </mxCell>
+        <mxCell id="cRYnzpdCW-J0f_YpP3mc-12" value="&lt;font&gt;surface_position&lt;/font&gt;" style="endArrow=blockThin;html=1;strokeWidth=3;rounded=0;dashed=1;align=right;fontSize=20;fontFamily=monospace;fontColor=#82B366;labelBackgroundColor=none;spacingLeft=0;spacingRight=15;spacing=0;fillColor=#d5e8d4;strokeColor=#82b366;exitX=0;exitY=0;exitDx=0;exitDy=0;entryX=0;entryY=0;entryDx=0;entryDy=0;curved=1;startArrow=oval;startFill=1;endFill=1;" parent="1" source="cRYnzpdCW-J0f_YpP3mc-2" target="cRYnzpdCW-J0f_YpP3mc-5" edge="1">
+          <mxGeometry y="-50" width="50" height="50" relative="1" as="geometry">
+            <mxPoint x="140" y="140" as="sourcePoint" />
+            <mxPoint x="160" y="200" as="targetPoint" />
+            <Array as="points">
+              <mxPoint x="250" y="160" />
+            </Array>
+            <mxPoint x="-5" y="-22" as="offset" />
+          </mxGeometry>
+        </mxCell>
+      </root>
+    </mxGraphModel>
+  </diagram>
+  <diagram name="mobile" id="D5mAeJSS4Z33KEKjPCBt">
+    <mxGraphModel dx="1710" dy="1120" grid="1" gridSize="10" guides="1" tooltips="1" connect="1" arrows="1" fold="1" page="1" pageScale="1" pageWidth="720" pageHeight="720" math="0" shadow="0">
+      <root>
+        <mxCell id="0" />
+        <mxCell id="1" parent="0" />
+        <mxCell id="RxwCrVmIsQwV7z5iJ9nY-1" value="" style="rounded=1;whiteSpace=wrap;html=1;fillColor=#E8E8E8;fontColor=#333333;strokeColor=#666666;" parent="1" vertex="1">
+          <mxGeometry x="200" y="40" width="320" height="640" as="geometry" />
+        </mxCell>
+        <mxCell id="RxwCrVmIsQwV7z5iJ9nY-2" value="" style="rounded=1;whiteSpace=wrap;html=1;shadow=0;fillColor=#d5e8d4;strokeColor=#82b366;" parent="1" vertex="1">
+          <mxGeometry x="210" y="50" width="300" height="620" as="geometry" />
+        </mxCell>
+        <mxCell id="RxwCrVmIsQwV7z5iJ9nY-4" value="" style="rounded=0;whiteSpace=wrap;html=1;shadow=0;fillColor=#ffe6cc;strokeColor=#d79b00;" parent="1" vertex="1">
+          <mxGeometry x="210" y="90" width="300" height="540" as="geometry" />
+        </mxCell>
+        <mxCell id="RxwCrVmIsQwV7z5iJ9nY-20" value="" style="rounded=1;whiteSpace=wrap;html=1;fillColor=#DBDBDB;strokeColor=#666666;fontColor=#333333;" parent="1" vertex="1">
+          <mxGeometry x="290" y="640" width="140" height="10" as="geometry" />
+        </mxCell>
+        <mxCell id="RxwCrVmIsQwV7z5iJ9nY-3" value="" style="rounded=1;whiteSpace=wrap;html=1;fillColor=#DBDBDB;strokeColor=#666666;fontColor=#333333;" parent="1" vertex="1">
+          <mxGeometry x="300" y="50" width="120" height="30" as="geometry" />
+        </mxCell>
+        <mxCell id="RxwCrVmIsQwV7z5iJ9nY-12" value="&lt;font&gt;surface_size&lt;/font&gt;" style="endArrow=none;html=1;strokeWidth=3;rounded=0;dashed=1;align=left;fontSize=20;fontFamily=monospace;fontColor=#82B366;labelBackgroundColor=none;spacingLeft=15;spacingRight=15;spacing=0;fillColor=#d5e8d4;strokeColor=#82b366;exitX=1;exitY=0;exitDx=0;exitDy=0;" parent="1" source="RxwCrVmIsQwV7z5iJ9nY-2" edge="1">
+          <mxGeometry width="50" height="50" relative="1" as="geometry">
+            <mxPoint x="210" y="50" as="sourcePoint" />
+            <mxPoint x="510" y="670" as="targetPoint" />
+            <Array as="points">
+              <mxPoint x="560" y="50" />
+              <mxPoint x="560" y="670" />
+            </Array>
+            <mxPoint as="offset" />
+          </mxGeometry>
+        </mxCell>
+        <mxCell id="NrHAzeOh65jb3hkBOxW9-1" value="&lt;div&gt;safe_area.top&lt;/div&gt;" style="endArrow=blockThin;html=1;strokeWidth=3;rounded=0;align=right;fontSize=20;fontFamily=monospace;fontColor=#D79B00;labelBackgroundColor=none;spacingLeft=0;spacingRight=15;spacing=0;fillColor=#ffe6cc;strokeColor=#d79b00;startArrow=blockThin;startFill=1;endFill=1;" edge="1" parent="1">
+          <mxGeometry width="50" height="50" relative="1" as="geometry">
+            <mxPoint x="180" y="50" as="sourcePoint" />
+            <mxPoint x="180" y="90" as="targetPoint" />
+            <mxPoint as="offset" />
+          </mxGeometry>
+        </mxCell>
+        <mxCell id="NrHAzeOh65jb3hkBOxW9-5" value="&lt;div&gt;safe_area.bottom&lt;/div&gt;" style="endArrow=blockThin;html=1;strokeWidth=3;rounded=0;align=right;fontSize=20;fontFamily=monospace;fontColor=#D79B00;labelBackgroundColor=none;spacingLeft=0;spacingRight=15;spacing=0;fillColor=#ffe6cc;strokeColor=#d79b00;startArrow=blockThin;startFill=1;endFill=1;" edge="1" parent="1">
+          <mxGeometry width="50" height="50" relative="1" as="geometry">
+            <mxPoint x="180" y="670" as="sourcePoint" />
+            <mxPoint x="180" y="630" as="targetPoint" />
+            <mxPoint as="offset" />
+          </mxGeometry>
+        </mxCell>
+      </root>
+    </mxGraphModel>
+  </diagram>
+</mxfile>

docs/res/coordinate-systems-mobile.svg

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="720" height="720" viewBox="-0.5 -0.5 720 720" class="ge-export-svg-auto"><defs><style><![CDATA[@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){svg.ge-export-svg-auto svg:not(mjx-container>svg),svg.ge-export-svg-auto:not(mjx-container>svg){filter:invert(100%) hue-rotate(180deg)}}]]></style></defs><g data-cell-id="0"><g data-cell-id="1"><rect x="200" y="40" width="320" height="640" rx="48" ry="48" fill="#e8e8e8" stroke="#666" pointer-events="all" data-cell-id="RxwCrVmIsQwV7z5iJ9nY-1"/><rect x="210" y="50" width="300" height="620" rx="45" ry="45" fill="#d5e8d4" stroke="#82b366" pointer-events="all" data-cell-id="RxwCrVmIsQwV7z5iJ9nY-2"/><path fill="#ffe6cc" stroke="#d79b00" pointer-events="all" d="M210 90h300v540H210z" data-cell-id="RxwCrVmIsQwV7z5iJ9nY-4"/><rect x="290" y="640" width="140" height="10" rx="1.5" ry="1.5" fill="#dbdbdb" stroke="#666" pointer-events="all" data-cell-id="RxwCrVmIsQwV7z5iJ9nY-20"/><rect x="300" y="50" width="120" height="30" rx="4.5" ry="4.5" fill="#dbdbdb" stroke="#666" pointer-events="all" data-cell-id="RxwCrVmIsQwV7z5iJ9nY-3"/><g data-cell-id="RxwCrVmIsQwV7z5iJ9nY-12"><path d="M510 50h50v620h-50" fill="none" stroke="#82b366" stroke-width="3" stroke-miterlimit="10" stroke-dasharray="9 9" pointer-events="stroke"/><switch transform="translate(-.5 -.5)"><foreignObject style="overflow:visible;text-align:left" pointer-events="none" width="100%" height="100%" requiredFeatures="http://www.w3.org/TR/SVG11/feature#Extensibility"><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" style="display:flex;align-items:unsafe center;justify-content:unsafe flex-start;width:1px;height:1px;padding-top:360px;margin-left:575px"><div style="box-sizing:border-box;font-size:0;text-align:left" data-drawio-colors="color: #82B366;"><div style="display:inline-block;font-size:20px;font-family:&quot;monospace&quot;;color:#82b366;line-height:1.2;pointer-events:all;white-space:nowrap"><font>surface_size</font></div></div></div></foreignObject><text x="575" y="366" fill="#82B366" font-family="&quot;monospace&quot;" font-size="20">surfa...</text></switch></g><g data-cell-id="NrHAzeOh65jb3hkBOxW9-1"><path d="M180 62.35v15.3" fill="none" stroke="#d79b00" stroke-width="3" stroke-miterlimit="10" pointer-events="stroke"/><path d="m180 53.35 3 9h-6ZM180 86.65l-3-9h6Z" fill="#d79b00" stroke="#d79b00" stroke-width="3" stroke-miterlimit="10" pointer-events="all"/><switch transform="translate(-.5 -.5)"><foreignObject style="overflow:visible;text-align:left" pointer-events="none" width="100%" height="100%" requiredFeatures="http://www.w3.org/TR/SVG11/feature#Extensibility"><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" style="display:flex;align-items:unsafe center;justify-content:unsafe flex-end;width:1px;height:1px;padding-top:70px;margin-left:165px"><div style="box-sizing:border-box;font-size:0;text-align:right" data-drawio-colors="color: #D79B00;"><div style="display:inline-block;font-size:20px;font-family:&quot;monospace&quot;;color:#d79b00;line-height:1.2;pointer-events:all;white-space:nowrap"><div>safe_area.top</div></div></div></div></foreignObject><text x="165" y="76" fill="#D79B00" font-family="&quot;monospace&quot;" font-size="20" text-anchor="end">safe_...</text></switch></g><g data-cell-id="NrHAzeOh65jb3hkBOxW9-5"><path d="M180 657.65v-15.3" fill="none" stroke="#d79b00" stroke-width="3" stroke-miterlimit="10" pointer-events="stroke"/><path d="m180 666.65-3-9h6ZM180 633.35l3 9h-6Z" fill="#d79b00" stroke="#d79b00" stroke-width="3" stroke-miterlimit="10" pointer-events="all"/><switch transform="translate(-.5 -.5)"><foreignObject style="overflow:visible;text-align:left" pointer-events="none" width="100%" height="100%" requiredFeatures="http://www.w3.org/TR/SVG11/feature#Extensibility"><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" style="display:flex;align-items:unsafe center;justify-content:unsafe flex-end;width:1px;height:1px;padding-top:650px;margin-left:165px"><div style="box-sizing:border-box;font-size:0;text-align:right" data-drawio-colors="color: #D79B00;"><div style="display:inline-block;font-size:20px;font-family:&quot;monospace&quot;;color:#d79b00;line-height:1.2;pointer-events:all;white-space:nowrap"><div>safe_area.bottom</div></div></div></div></foreignObject><text x="165" y="656" fill="#D79B00" font-family="&quot;monospace&quot;" font-size="20" text-anchor="end">safe_...</text></switch></g></g></g></svg>

dpi/CHANGELOG.md

@@ -11,6 +11,8 @@ Unreleased` header.
 
 ## Unreleased
 
+- Added `Insets`, `LogicalInsets` and `PhysicalInsets` types.
+
 ## 0.1.1
 
 - Derive `Debug`, `Copy`, `Clone`, `PartialEq`, `Serialize`, `Deserialize` traits for `PixelUnit`.

dpi/Cargo.toml

@@ -26,12 +26,13 @@ targets = [
     "i686-pc-windows-msvc",
     "x86_64-pc-windows-msvc",
     # macOS
+    "aarch64-apple-darwin",
     "x86_64-apple-darwin",
     # Unix (X11 & Wayland)
     "i686-unknown-linux-gnu",
     "x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu",
     # iOS
-    "x86_64-apple-ios",
+    "aarch64-apple-ios",
     # Android
     "aarch64-linux-android",
     # Web

dpi/src/lib.rs

@@ -759,6 +759,150 @@ impl<P: Pixel> From<LogicalPosition<P>> for Position {
     }
 }
 
+/// The logical distance between the edges of two rectangles.
+#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, Eq, PartialEq, Ord, PartialOrd, Default, Hash)]
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
+pub struct LogicalInsets<P> {
+    /// The distance to the top edge.
+    pub top: P,
+    /// The distance to the left edge.
+    pub left: P,
+    /// The distance to the bottom edge.
+    pub bottom: P,
+    /// The distance to the right edge.
+    pub right: P,
+}
+
+impl<P> LogicalInsets<P> {
+    #[inline]
+    pub const fn new(top: P, left: P, bottom: P, right: P) -> Self {
+        Self { top, left, bottom, right }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<P: Pixel> LogicalInsets<P> {
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn from_physical<T: Into<PhysicalInsets<X>>, X: Pixel>(
+        physical: T,
+        scale_factor: f64,
+    ) -> Self {
+        physical.into().to_logical(scale_factor)
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn to_physical<X: Pixel>(&self, scale_factor: f64) -> PhysicalInsets<X> {
+        assert!(validate_scale_factor(scale_factor));
+        let top = self.top.into() * scale_factor;
+        let left = self.left.into() * scale_factor;
+        let bottom = self.bottom.into() * scale_factor;
+        let right = self.right.into() * scale_factor;
+        PhysicalInsets::new(top, left, bottom, right).cast()
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn cast<X: Pixel>(&self) -> LogicalInsets<X> {
+        LogicalInsets {
+            top: self.top.cast(),
+            left: self.left.cast(),
+            bottom: self.bottom.cast(),
+            right: self.right.cast(),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// The physical distance between the edges of two rectangles.
+#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, Eq, PartialEq, Ord, PartialOrd, Default, Hash)]
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
+pub struct PhysicalInsets<P> {
+    /// The distance to the top edge.
+    pub top: P,
+    /// The distance to the left edge.
+    pub left: P,
+    /// The distance to the bottom edge.
+    pub bottom: P,
+    /// The distance to the right edge.
+    pub right: P,
+}
+
+impl<P> PhysicalInsets<P> {
+    #[inline]
+    pub const fn new(top: P, left: P, bottom: P, right: P) -> Self {
+        Self { top, left, bottom, right }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<P: Pixel> PhysicalInsets<P> {
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn from_logical<T: Into<LogicalInsets<X>>, X: Pixel>(
+        logical: T,
+        scale_factor: f64,
+    ) -> Self {
+        logical.into().to_physical(scale_factor)
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn to_logical<X: Pixel>(&self, scale_factor: f64) -> LogicalInsets<X> {
+        assert!(validate_scale_factor(scale_factor));
+        let top = self.top.into() / scale_factor;
+        let left = self.left.into() / scale_factor;
+        let bottom = self.bottom.into() / scale_factor;
+        let right = self.right.into() / scale_factor;
+        LogicalInsets::new(top, left, bottom, right).cast()
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn cast<X: Pixel>(&self) -> PhysicalInsets<X> {
+        PhysicalInsets {
+            top: self.top.cast(),
+            left: self.left.cast(),
+            bottom: self.bottom.cast(),
+            right: self.right.cast(),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Insets that are either physical or logical.
+#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, PartialEq)]
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
+pub enum Insets {
+    Physical(PhysicalInsets<u32>),
+    Logical(LogicalInsets<f64>),
+}
+
+impl Insets {
+    pub fn new<S: Into<Self>>(insets: S) -> Self {
+        insets.into()
+    }
+
+    pub fn to_logical<P: Pixel>(&self, scale_factor: f64) -> LogicalInsets<P> {
+        match *self {
+            Self::Physical(insets) => insets.to_logical(scale_factor),
+            Self::Logical(insets) => insets.cast(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn to_physical<P: Pixel>(&self, scale_factor: f64) -> PhysicalInsets<P> {
+        match *self {
+            Self::Physical(insets) => insets.cast(),
+            Self::Logical(insets) => insets.to_physical(scale_factor),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<P: Pixel> From<PhysicalInsets<P>> for Insets {
+    #[inline]
+    fn from(insets: PhysicalInsets<P>) -> Self {
+        Self::Physical(insets.cast())
+    }
+}
+
+impl<P: Pixel> From<LogicalInsets<P>> for Insets {
+    #[inline]
+    fn from(insets: LogicalInsets<P>) -> Self {
+        Self::Logical(insets.cast())
+    }
+}
+
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
     use std::collections::HashSet;

examples/child_window.rs

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ fn main() -> Result<(), impl std::error::Error> {
     use winit::event::{ElementState, KeyEvent, WindowEvent};
     use winit::event_loop::{ActiveEventLoop, EventLoop};
     use winit::raw_window_handle::HasRawWindowHandle;
-    use winit::window::{Window, WindowId};
+    use winit::window::{Window, WindowAttributes, WindowId};
 
     #[path = "util/fill.rs"]
     mod fill;
@@ -16,15 +16,15 @@ fn main() -> Result<(), impl std::error::Error> {
     #[derive(Default)]
     struct Application {
         parent_window_id: Option<WindowId>,
-        windows: HashMap<WindowId, Window>,
+        windows: HashMap<WindowId, Box<dyn Window>>,
     }
 
     impl ApplicationHandler for Application {
         fn can_create_surfaces(&mut self, event_loop: &dyn ActiveEventLoop) {
-            let attributes = Window::default_attributes()
+            let attributes = WindowAttributes::default()
                 .with_title("parent window")
                 .with_position(Position::Logical(LogicalPosition::new(0.0, 0.0)))
-                .with_inner_size(LogicalSize::new(640.0f32, 480.0f32));
+                .with_surface_size(LogicalSize::new(640.0f32, 480.0f32));
             let window = event_loop.create_window(attributes).unwrap();
 
             println!("Parent window id: {:?})", window.id());
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ fn main() -> Result<(), impl std::error::Error> {
                     self.windows.clear();
                     event_loop.exit();
                 },
-                WindowEvent::CursorEntered { device_id: _ } => {
+                WindowEvent::PointerEntered { device_id: _, .. } => {
                     // On x11, println when the cursor entered in a window even if the child window
                     // is created by some key inputs.
                     // the child windows are always placed at (0, 0) with size (200, 200) in the
@@ -57,14 +57,14 @@ fn main() -> Result<(), impl std::error::Error> {
                     ..
                 } => {
                     let parent_window = self.windows.get(&self.parent_window_id.unwrap()).unwrap();
-                    let child_window = spawn_child_window(parent_window, event_loop);
+                    let child_window = spawn_child_window(parent_window.as_ref(), event_loop);
                     let child_id = child_window.id();
                     println!("Child window created with id: {child_id:?}");
                     self.windows.insert(child_id, child_window);
                 },
                 WindowEvent::RedrawRequested => {
                     if let Some(window) = self.windows.get(&window_id) {
-                        fill::fill_window(window);
+                        fill::fill_window(window.as_ref());
                     }
                 },
                 _ => (),
@@ -72,11 +72,14 @@ fn main() -> Result<(), impl std::error::Error> {
         }
     }
 
-    fn spawn_child_window(parent: &Window, event_loop: &dyn ActiveEventLoop) -> Window {
+    fn spawn_child_window(
+        parent: &dyn Window,
+        event_loop: &dyn ActiveEventLoop,
+    ) -> Box<dyn Window> {
         let parent = parent.raw_window_handle().unwrap();
-        let mut window_attributes = Window::default_attributes()
+        let mut window_attributes = WindowAttributes::default()
             .with_title("child window")
-            .with_inner_size(LogicalSize::new(200.0f32, 200.0f32))
+            .with_surface_size(LogicalSize::new(200.0f32, 200.0f32))
             .with_position(Position::Logical(LogicalPosition::new(0.0, 0.0)))
             .with_visible(true);
         // `with_parent_window` is unsafe. Parent window must be a valid window.

examples/control_flow.rs

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ use winit::application::ApplicationHandler;
 use winit::event::{ElementState, KeyEvent, StartCause, WindowEvent};
 use winit::event_loop::{ActiveEventLoop, ControlFlow, EventLoop};
 use winit::keyboard::{Key, NamedKey};
-use winit::window::{Window, WindowId};
+use winit::window::{Window, WindowAttributes, WindowId};
 
 #[path = "util/fill.rs"]
 mod fill;
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ struct ControlFlowDemo {
     request_redraw: bool,
     wait_cancelled: bool,
     close_requested: bool,
-    window: Option<Window>,
+    window: Option<Box<dyn Window>>,
 }
 
 impl ApplicationHandler for ControlFlowDemo {
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ impl ApplicationHandler for ControlFlowDemo {
     }
 
     fn can_create_surfaces(&mut self, event_loop: &dyn ActiveEventLoop) {
-        let window_attributes = Window::default_attributes().with_title(
+        let window_attributes = WindowAttributes::default().with_title(
             "Press 1, 2, 3 to change control flow mode. Press R to toggle redraw requests.",
         );
         self.window = Some(event_loop.create_window(window_attributes).unwrap());
@@ -114,7 +114,7 @@ impl ApplicationHandler for ControlFlowDemo {
             WindowEvent::RedrawRequested => {
                 let window = self.window.as_ref().unwrap();
                 window.pre_present_notify();
-                fill::fill_window(window);
+                fill::fill_window(window.as_ref());
             },
             _ => (),
         }

examples/pump_events.rs

@@ -11,19 +11,19 @@ fn main() -> std::process::ExitCode {
     use winit::event::WindowEvent;
     use winit::event_loop::{ActiveEventLoop, EventLoop};
     use winit::platform::pump_events::{EventLoopExtPumpEvents, PumpStatus};
-    use winit::window::{Window, WindowId};
+    use winit::window::{Window, WindowAttributes, WindowId};
 
     #[path = "util/fill.rs"]
     mod fill;
 
     #[derive(Default)]
     struct PumpDemo {
-        window: Option<Window>,
+        window: Option<Box<dyn Window>>,
     }
 
     impl ApplicationHandler for PumpDemo {
         fn can_create_surfaces(&mut self, event_loop: &dyn ActiveEventLoop) {
-            let window_attributes = Window::default_attributes().with_title("A fantastic window!");
+            let window_attributes = WindowAttributes::default().with_title("A fantastic window!");
             self.window = Some(event_loop.create_window(window_attributes).unwrap());
         }
 
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ fn main() -> std::process::ExitCode {
             match event {
                 WindowEvent::CloseRequested => event_loop.exit(),
                 WindowEvent::RedrawRequested => {
-                    fill::fill_window(window);
+                    fill::fill_window(window.as_ref());
                     window.request_redraw();
                 },
                 _ => (),

examples/run_on_demand.rs

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ fn main() -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
     use winit::event::WindowEvent;
     use winit::event_loop::{ActiveEventLoop, EventLoop};
     use winit::platform::run_on_demand::EventLoopExtRunOnDemand;
-    use winit::window::{Window, WindowId};
+    use winit::window::{Window, WindowAttributes, WindowId};
 
     #[path = "util/fill.rs"]
     mod fill;
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ fn main() -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
     struct App {
         idx: usize,
         window_id: Option<WindowId>,
-        window: Option<Window>,
+        window: Option<Box<dyn Window>>,
     }
 
     impl ApplicationHandler for App {
@@ -29,9 +29,9 @@ fn main() -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
         }
 
         fn can_create_surfaces(&mut self, event_loop: &dyn ActiveEventLoop) {
-            let window_attributes = Window::default_attributes()
+            let window_attributes = WindowAttributes::default()
                 .with_title("Fantastic window number one!")
-                .with_inner_size(winit::dpi::LogicalSize::new(128.0, 128.0));
+                .with_surface_size(winit::dpi::LogicalSize::new(128.0, 128.0));
             let window = event_loop.create_window(window_attributes).unwrap();
             self.window_id = Some(window.id());
             self.window = Some(window);
@@ -65,11 +65,11 @@ fn main() -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
                          CloseRequested",
                         self.idx
                     );
-                    fill::cleanup_window(window);
+                    fill::cleanup_window(window.as_ref());
                     self.window = None;
                 },
                 WindowEvent::RedrawRequested => {
-                    fill::fill_window(window);
+                    fill::fill_window(window.as_ref());
                 },
                 _ => (),
             }

examples/util/fill.rs

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
 pub use platform::cleanup_window;
 pub use platform::fill_window;
 
-#[cfg(all(feature = "rwh_06", not(any(target_os = "android", target_os = "ios"))))]
+#[cfg(not(any(target_os = "android", target_os = "ios")))]
 mod platform {
     use std::cell::RefCell;
     use std::collections::HashMap;
@@ -34,18 +34,20 @@ mod platform {
     /// The graphics context used to draw to a window.
     struct GraphicsContext {
         /// The global softbuffer context.
-        context: RefCell<Context<&'static Window>>,
+        context: RefCell<Context<&'static dyn Window>>,
 
         /// The hash map of window IDs to surfaces.
-        surfaces: HashMap<WindowId, Surface<&'static Window, &'static Window>>,
+        surfaces: HashMap<WindowId, Surface<&'static dyn Window, &'static dyn Window>>,
     }
 
     impl GraphicsContext {
-        fn new(w: &Window) -> Self {
+        fn new(w: &dyn Window) -> Self {
             Self {
                 context: RefCell::new(
-                    Context::new(unsafe { mem::transmute::<&'_ Window, &'static Window>(w) })
-                        .expect("Failed to create a softbuffer context"),
+                    Context::new(unsafe {
+                        mem::transmute::<&'_ dyn Window, &'static dyn Window>(w)
+                    })
+                    .expect("Failed to create a softbuffer context"),
                 ),
                 surfaces: HashMap::new(),
             }
@@ -53,24 +55,24 @@ mod platform {
 
         fn create_surface(
             &mut self,
-            window: &Window,
-        ) -> &mut Surface<&'static Window, &'static Window> {
+            window: &dyn Window,
+        ) -> &mut Surface<&'static dyn Window, &'static dyn Window> {
             self.surfaces.entry(window.id()).or_insert_with(|| {
                 Surface::new(&self.context.borrow(), unsafe {
-                    mem::transmute::<&'_ Window, &'static Window>(window)
+                    mem::transmute::<&'_ dyn Window, &'static dyn Window>(window)
                 })
                 .expect("Failed to create a softbuffer surface")
             })
         }
 
-        fn destroy_surface(&mut self, window: &Window) {
+        fn destroy_surface(&mut self, window: &dyn Window) {
             self.surfaces.remove(&window.id());
         }
     }
 
-    pub fn fill_window(window: &Window) {
+    pub fn fill_window(window: &dyn Window) {
         GC.with(|gc| {
-            let size = window.inner_size();
+            let size = window.surface_size();
             let (Some(width), Some(height)) =
                 (NonZeroU32::new(size.width), NonZeroU32::new(size.height))
             else {
@@ -94,7 +96,7 @@ mod platform {
     }
 
     #[allow(dead_code)]
-    pub fn cleanup_window(window: &Window) {
+    pub fn cleanup_window(window: &dyn Window) {
         GC.with(|gc| {
             let mut gc = gc.borrow_mut();
             if let Some(context) = gc.as_mut() {
@@ -104,14 +106,14 @@ mod platform {
     }
 }
 
-#[cfg(not(all(feature = "rwh_06", not(any(target_os = "android", target_os = "ios")))))]
+#[cfg(any(target_os = "android", target_os = "ios"))]
 mod platform {
-    pub fn fill_window(_window: &winit::window::Window) {
+    pub fn fill_window(_window: &dyn winit::window::Window) {
         // No-op on mobile platforms.
     }
 
     #[allow(dead_code)]
-    pub fn cleanup_window(_window: &winit::window::Window) {
+    pub fn cleanup_window(_window: &dyn winit::window::Window) {
         // No-op on mobile platforms.
     }
 }

examples/window.rs

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 use std::collections::HashMap;
 use std::error::Error;
 use std::fmt::Debug;
-#[cfg(not(any(android_platform, ios_platform)))]
+#[cfg(not(android_platform))]
 use std::num::NonZeroU32;
 use std::sync::mpsc::{self, Receiver, Sender};
 use std::sync::Arc;
@@ -11,28 +11,31 @@ use std::{fmt, mem};
 
 use ::tracing::{error, info};
 use cursor_icon::CursorIcon;
-#[cfg(not(any(android_platform, ios_platform)))]
+#[cfg(not(android_platform))]
 use rwh_06::{DisplayHandle, HasDisplayHandle};
-#[cfg(not(any(android_platform, ios_platform)))]
+#[cfg(not(android_platform))]
 use softbuffer::{Context, Surface};
 use winit::application::ApplicationHandler;
 use winit::dpi::{LogicalSize, PhysicalPosition, PhysicalSize};
-use winit::error::ExternalError;
+use winit::error::RequestError;
 use winit::event::{DeviceEvent, DeviceId, Ime, MouseButton, MouseScrollDelta, WindowEvent};
 use winit::event_loop::{ActiveEventLoop, EventLoop};
 use winit::keyboard::{Key, ModifiersState};
 #[cfg(macos_platform)]
-use winit::platform::macos::{OptionAsAlt, WindowAttributesExtMacOS, WindowExtMacOS};
+use winit::platform::macos::{
+    ApplicationHandlerExtMacOS, OptionAsAlt, WindowAttributesExtMacOS, WindowExtMacOS,
+};
 #[cfg(any(x11_platform, wayland_platform))]
 use winit::platform::startup_notify::{
     self, EventLoopExtStartupNotify, WindowAttributesExtStartupNotify, WindowExtStartupNotify,
 };
-use winit::platform::wayland::{EventLoopExtWayland, WaylandApplicationHandler};
 #[cfg(web_platform)]
 use winit::platform::web::{ActiveEventLoopExtWeb, CustomCursorExtWeb, WindowAttributesExtWeb};
+#[cfg(x11_platform)]
+use winit::platform::x11::WindowAttributesExtX11;
 use winit::window::{
     Cursor, CursorGrabMode, CustomCursor, CustomCursorSource, Fullscreen, Icon, ResizeDirection,
-    Theme, Window, WindowId,
+    Theme, Window, WindowAttributes, WindowId,
 };
 
 #[path = "util/tracing.rs"]
@@ -47,7 +50,7 @@ fn main() -> Result<(), Box<dyn Error>> {
 
     tracing::init();
 
-    let mut event_loop = EventLoop::new()?;
+    let event_loop = EventLoop::new()?;
     let (sender, receiver) = mpsc::channel();
 
     // Wire the user event from another thread.
@@ -68,7 +71,6 @@ fn main() -> Result<(), Box<dyn Error>> {
     }
 
     let app = Application::new(&event_loop, receiver, sender);
-    event_loop.register_wayland_callback::<Application>();
     Ok(event_loop.run_app(app)?)
 }
 
@@ -78,21 +80,21 @@ struct Application {
     receiver: Receiver<Action>,
     sender: Sender<Action>,
     /// Custom cursors assets.
-    custom_cursors: Result<Vec<CustomCursor>, ExternalError>,
+    custom_cursors: Result<Vec<CustomCursor>, RequestError>,
     /// Application icon.
     icon: Icon,
     windows: HashMap<WindowId, WindowState>,
     /// Drawing context.
     ///
     /// With OpenGL it could be EGLDisplay.
-    #[cfg(not(any(android_platform, ios_platform)))]
+    #[cfg(not(android_platform))]
     context: Option<Context<DisplayHandle<'static>>>,
 }
 
 impl Application {
     fn new(event_loop: &EventLoop, receiver: Receiver<Action>, sender: Sender<Action>) -> Self {
         // SAFETY: we drop the context right before the event loop is stopped, thus making it safe.
-        #[cfg(not(any(android_platform, ios_platform)))]
+        #[cfg(not(android_platform))]
         let context = Some(
             Context::new(unsafe {
                 std::mem::transmute::<DisplayHandle<'_>, DisplayHandle<'static>>(
@@ -121,7 +123,7 @@ impl Application {
         Self {
             receiver,
             sender,
-            #[cfg(not(any(android_platform, ios_platform)))]
+            #[cfg(not(android_platform))]
             context,
             custom_cursors,
             icon,
@@ -137,7 +139,7 @@ impl Application {
         // TODO read-out activation token.
 
         #[allow(unused_mut)]
-        let mut window_attributes = Window::default_attributes()
+        let mut window_attributes = WindowAttributes::default()
             .with_title("Winit window")
             .with_transparent(true)
             .with_window_icon(Some(self.icon.clone()));
@@ -149,6 +151,28 @@ impl Application {
             window_attributes = window_attributes.with_activation_token(token);
         }
 
+        #[cfg(x11_platform)]
+        match std::env::var("X11_VISUAL_ID") {
+            Ok(visual_id_str) => {
+                info!("Using X11 visual id {visual_id_str}");
+                let visual_id = visual_id_str.parse()?;
+                window_attributes = window_attributes.with_x11_visual(visual_id);
+            },
+            Err(_) => info!("Set the X11_VISUAL_ID env variable to request specific X11 visual"),
+        }
+
+        #[cfg(x11_platform)]
+        match std::env::var("X11_SCREEN_ID") {
+            Ok(screen_id_str) => {
+                info!("Placing the window on X11 screen {screen_id_str}");
+                let screen_id = screen_id_str.parse()?;
+                window_attributes = window_attributes.with_x11_screen(screen_id);
+            },
+            Err(_) => info!(
+                "Set the X11_SCREEN_ID env variable to place the window on non-default screen"
+            ),
+        }
+
         #[cfg(macos_platform)]
         if let Some(tab_id) = _tab_id {
             window_attributes = window_attributes.with_tabbing_identifier(&tab_id);
@@ -218,6 +242,10 @@ impl Application {
             Action::ToggleResizable => window.toggle_resizable(),
             Action::ToggleDecorations => window.toggle_decorations(),
             Action::ToggleFullscreen => window.toggle_fullscreen(),
+            #[cfg(macos_platform)]
+            Action::ToggleSimpleFullscreen => {
+                window.window.set_simple_fullscreen(!window.window.simple_fullscreen());
+            },
             Action::ToggleMaximize => window.toggle_maximize(),
             Action::ToggleImeInput => window.toggle_ime(),
             Action::Minimize => window.minimize(),
@@ -373,11 +401,6 @@ impl Application {
 }
 
 impl ApplicationHandler for Application {
-    fn as_any(&mut self) -> Option<&mut dyn std::any::Any> {
-        println!("Called");
-        Some(self)
-    }
-
     fn proxy_wake_up(&mut self, event_loop: &dyn ActiveEventLoop) {
         while let Ok(action) = self.receiver.try_recv() {
             self.handle_action_from_proxy(event_loop, action)
@@ -396,7 +419,7 @@ impl ApplicationHandler for Application {
         };
 
         match event {
-            WindowEvent::Resized(size) => {
+            WindowEvent::SurfaceResized(size) => {
                 window.resize(size);
             },
             WindowEvent::Focused(focused) => {
@@ -453,20 +476,23 @@ impl ApplicationHandler for Application {
                     }
                 }
             },
-            WindowEvent::MouseInput { button, state, .. } => {
+            WindowEvent::PointerButton { button, state, .. } => {
+                info!("Pointer button {button:?} {state:?}");
                 let mods = window.modifiers;
-                if let Some(action) =
-                    state.is_pressed().then(|| Self::process_mouse_binding(button, &mods)).flatten()
+                if let Some(action) = state
+                    .is_pressed()
+                    .then(|| Self::process_mouse_binding(button.mouse_button(), &mods))
+                    .flatten()
                 {
                     self.handle_action_with_window(event_loop, window_id, action);
                 }
             },
-            WindowEvent::CursorLeft { .. } => {
-                info!("Cursor left Window={window_id:?}");
+            WindowEvent::PointerLeft { .. } => {
+                info!("Pointer left Window={window_id:?}");
                 window.cursor_left();
             },
-            WindowEvent::CursorMoved { position, .. } => {
-                info!("Moved cursor to {position:?}");
+            WindowEvent::PointerMoved { position, .. } => {
+                info!("Moved pointer to {position:?}");
                 window.cursor_moved(position);
             },
             WindowEvent::ActivationTokenDone { token: _token, .. } => {
@@ -517,11 +543,10 @@ impl ApplicationHandler for Application {
             WindowEvent::TouchpadPressure { .. }
             | WindowEvent::HoveredFileCancelled
             | WindowEvent::KeyboardInput { .. }
-            | WindowEvent::CursorEntered { .. }
+            | WindowEvent::PointerEntered { .. }
             | WindowEvent::DroppedFile(_)
             | WindowEvent::HoveredFile(_)
             | WindowEvent::Destroyed
-            | WindowEvent::Touch(_)
             | WindowEvent::Moved(_) => (),
         }
     }
@@ -529,7 +554,7 @@ impl ApplicationHandler for Application {
     fn device_event(
         &mut self,
         _event_loop: &dyn ActiveEventLoop,
-        device_id: DeviceId,
+        device_id: Option<DeviceId>,
         event: DeviceEvent,
     ) {
         info!("Device {device_id:?} event: {event:?}");
@@ -552,16 +577,27 @@ impl ApplicationHandler for Application {
         }
     }
 
-    #[cfg(not(any(android_platform, ios_platform)))]
+    #[cfg(not(android_platform))]
     fn exiting(&mut self, _event_loop: &dyn ActiveEventLoop) {
         // We must drop the context here.
         self.context = None;
     }
+
+    #[cfg(target_os = "macos")]
+    fn macos_handler(&mut self) -> Option<&mut dyn ApplicationHandlerExtMacOS> {
+        Some(self)
+    }
 }
 
-impl WaylandApplicationHandler for Application {
-    fn wayland_callback(&mut self) {
-        println!("Wayland callback!");
+#[cfg(target_os = "macos")]
+impl ApplicationHandlerExtMacOS for Application {
+    fn standard_key_binding(
+        &mut self,
+        _event_loop: &dyn ActiveEventLoop,
+        window_id: WindowId,
+        action: &str,
+    ) {
+        info!(?window_id, ?action, "macOS standard key binding");
     }
 }
 
@@ -572,10 +608,10 @@ struct WindowState {
     /// Render surface.
     ///
     /// NOTE: This surface must be dropped before the `Window`.
-    #[cfg(not(any(android_platform, ios_platform)))]
-    surface: Surface<DisplayHandle<'static>, Arc<Window>>,
+    #[cfg(not(android_platform))]
+    surface: Surface<DisplayHandle<'static>, Arc<dyn Window>>,
     /// The actual winit Window.
-    window: Arc<Window>,
+    window: Arc<dyn Window>,
     /// The window theme we're drawing with.
     theme: Theme,
     /// Cursor position over the window.
@@ -603,31 +639,31 @@ struct WindowState {
 }
 
 impl WindowState {
-    fn new(app: &Application, window: Window) -> Result<Self, Box<dyn Error>> {
-        let window = Arc::new(window);
+    fn new(app: &Application, window: Box<dyn Window>) -> Result<Self, Box<dyn Error>> {
+        let window: Arc<dyn Window> = Arc::from(window);
 
         // SAFETY: the surface is dropped before the `window` which provided it with handle, thus
         // it doesn't outlive it.
-        #[cfg(not(any(android_platform, ios_platform)))]
+        #[cfg(not(android_platform))]
         let surface = Surface::new(app.context.as_ref().unwrap(), Arc::clone(&window))?;
 
         let theme = window.theme().unwrap_or(Theme::Dark);
         info!("Theme: {theme:?}");
         let named_idx = 0;
-        window.set_cursor(CURSORS[named_idx]);
+        window.set_cursor(CURSORS[named_idx].into());
 
         // Allow IME out of the box.
         let ime = true;
         window.set_ime_allowed(ime);
 
-        let size = window.inner_size();
+        let size = window.surface_size();
         let mut state = Self {
             #[cfg(macos_platform)]
             option_as_alt: window.option_as_alt(),
             custom_idx: app.custom_cursors.as_ref().map(Vec::len).unwrap_or(1) - 1,
             cursor_grab: CursorGrabMode::None,
             named_idx,
-            #[cfg(not(any(android_platform, ios_platform)))]
+            #[cfg(not(android_platform))]
             surface,
             window,
             theme,
@@ -649,7 +685,7 @@ impl WindowState {
         self.ime = !self.ime;
         self.window.set_ime_allowed(self.ime);
         if let Some(position) = self.ime.then_some(self.cursor_position).flatten() {
-            self.window.set_ime_cursor_area(position, PhysicalSize::new(20, 20));
+            self.window.set_ime_cursor_area(position.into(), PhysicalSize::new(20, 20).into());
         }
     }
 
@@ -660,7 +696,7 @@ impl WindowState {
     pub fn cursor_moved(&mut self, position: PhysicalPosition<f64>) {
         self.cursor_position = Some(position);
         if self.ime {
-            self.window.set_ime_cursor_area(position, PhysicalSize::new(20, 20));
+            self.window.set_ime_cursor_area(position.into(), PhysicalSize::new(20, 20).into());
         }
     }
 
@@ -694,12 +730,12 @@ impl WindowState {
 
     /// Toggle resize increments on a window.
     fn toggle_resize_increments(&mut self) {
-        let new_increments = match self.window.resize_increments() {
+        let new_increments = match self.window.surface_resize_increments() {
             Some(_) => None,
-            None => Some(LogicalSize::new(25.0, 25.0)),
+            None => Some(LogicalSize::new(25.0, 25.0).into()),
         };
         info!("Had increments: {}", new_increments.is_none());
-        self.window.set_resize_increments(new_increments);
+        self.window.set_surface_resize_increments(new_increments);
     }
 
     /// Toggle fullscreen.
@@ -738,22 +774,22 @@ impl WindowState {
         self.window.set_option_as_alt(self.option_as_alt);
     }
 
-    /// Swap the window dimensions with `request_inner_size`.
+    /// Swap the window dimensions with `request_surface_size`.
     fn swap_dimensions(&mut self) {
-        let old_inner_size = self.window.inner_size();
-        let mut inner_size = old_inner_size;
+        let old_surface_size = self.window.surface_size();
+        let mut surface_size = old_surface_size;
 
-        mem::swap(&mut inner_size.width, &mut inner_size.height);
-        info!("Requesting resize from {old_inner_size:?} to {inner_size:?}");
+        mem::swap(&mut surface_size.width, &mut surface_size.height);
+        info!("Requesting resize from {old_surface_size:?} to {surface_size:?}");
 
-        if let Some(new_inner_size) = self.window.request_inner_size(inner_size) {
-            if old_inner_size == new_inner_size {
+        if let Some(new_surface_size) = self.window.request_surface_size(surface_size.into()) {
+            if old_surface_size == new_surface_size {
                 info!("Inner size change got ignored");
             } else {
-                self.resize(new_inner_size);
+                self.resize(new_surface_size);
             }
         } else {
-            info!("Request inner size is asynchronous");
+            info!("Requesting surface size is asynchronous");
         }
     }
 
@@ -779,7 +815,7 @@ impl WindowState {
     ) -> Result<(), Box<dyn Error>> {
         let cursor = event_loop.create_custom_cursor(url_custom_cursor())?;
 
-        self.window.set_cursor(cursor);
+        self.window.set_cursor(cursor.into());
 
         Ok(())
     }
@@ -801,15 +837,15 @@ impl WindowState {
         let cursor = CustomCursor::from_animation(Duration::from_secs(3), cursors).unwrap();
         let cursor = event_loop.create_custom_cursor(cursor)?;
 
-        self.window.set_cursor(cursor);
+        self.window.set_cursor(cursor.into());
 
         Ok(())
     }
 
-    /// Resize the window to the new size.
+    /// Resize the surface to the new size.
     fn resize(&mut self, size: PhysicalSize<u32>) {
-        info!("Resized to {size:?}");
-        #[cfg(not(any(android_platform, ios_platform)))]
+        info!("Surface resized to {size:?}");
+        #[cfg(not(android_platform))]
         {
             let (width, height) = match (NonZeroU32::new(size.width), NonZeroU32::new(size.height))
             {
@@ -830,7 +866,7 @@ impl WindowState {
     /// Show window menu.
     fn show_menu(&self) {
         if let Some(position) = self.cursor_position {
-            self.window.show_window_menu(position);
+            self.window.show_window_menu(position.into());
         }
     }
 
@@ -853,7 +889,7 @@ impl WindowState {
             },
         };
 
-        let win_size = self.window.inner_size();
+        let win_size = self.window.surface_size();
         let border_size = BORDER_SIZE * self.window.scale_factor();
 
         let x_direction = if position.x < border_size {
@@ -902,29 +938,49 @@ impl WindowState {
     }
 
     /// Draw the window contents.
-    #[cfg(not(any(android_platform, ios_platform)))]
+    #[cfg(not(android_platform))]
     fn draw(&mut self) -> Result<(), Box<dyn Error>> {
         if self.occluded {
             info!("Skipping drawing occluded window={:?}", self.window.id());
             return Ok(());
         }
 
-        const WHITE: u32 = 0xffffffff;
-        const DARK_GRAY: u32 = 0xff181818;
-
-        let color = match self.theme {
-            Theme::Light => WHITE,
-            Theme::Dark => DARK_GRAY,
-        };
-
         let mut buffer = self.surface.buffer_mut()?;
-        buffer.fill(color);
+
+        // Draw a different color inside the safe area
+        let surface_size = self.window.surface_size();
+        let insets = self.window.safe_area();
+        for y in 0..surface_size.height {
+            for x in 0..surface_size.width {
+                let index = y as usize * surface_size.width as usize + x as usize;
+                if insets.left <= x
+                    && x <= (surface_size.width - insets.right)
+                    && insets.top <= y
+                    && y <= (surface_size.height - insets.bottom)
+                {
+                    // In safe area
+                    buffer[index] = match self.theme {
+                        Theme::Light => 0xffe8e8e8, // Light gray
+                        Theme::Dark => 0xff525252,  // Medium gray
+                    };
+                } else {
+                    // Outside safe area
+                    buffer[index] = match self.theme {
+                        Theme::Light => 0xffffffff, // White
+                        Theme::Dark => 0xff181818,  // Dark gray
+                    };
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Present the buffer
         self.window.pre_present_notify();
         buffer.present()?;
+
         Ok(())
     }
 
-    #[cfg(any(android_platform, ios_platform))]
+    #[cfg(android_platform)]
     fn draw(&mut self) -> Result<(), Box<dyn Error>> {
         info!("Drawing but without rendering...");
         Ok(())
@@ -957,6 +1013,8 @@ enum Action {
     ToggleDecorations,
     ToggleResizable,
     ToggleFullscreen,
+    #[cfg(macos_platform)]
+    ToggleSimpleFullscreen,
     ToggleMaximize,
     Minimize,
     NextCursor,
@@ -990,6 +1048,8 @@ impl Action {
             Action::ToggleDecorations => "Toggle decorations",
             Action::ToggleResizable => "Toggle window resizable state",
             Action::ToggleFullscreen => "Toggle fullscreen",
+            #[cfg(macos_platform)]
+            Action::ToggleSimpleFullscreen => "Toggle simple fullscreen",
             Action::ToggleMaximize => "Maximize",
             Action::Minimize => "Minimize",
             Action::ToggleResizeIncrements => "Use resize increments when resizing window",
@@ -1132,6 +1192,8 @@ const KEY_BINDINGS: &[Binding<&'static str>] = &[
     Binding::new("Q", ModifiersState::CONTROL, Action::CloseWindow),
     Binding::new("H", ModifiersState::CONTROL, Action::PrintHelp),
     Binding::new("F", ModifiersState::CONTROL, Action::ToggleFullscreen),
+    #[cfg(macos_platform)]
+    Binding::new("F", ModifiersState::ALT, Action::ToggleSimpleFullscreen),
     Binding::new("D", ModifiersState::CONTROL, Action::ToggleDecorations),
     Binding::new("I", ModifiersState::CONTROL, Action::ToggleImeInput),
     Binding::new("L", ModifiersState::CONTROL, Action::CycleCursorGrab),

examples/x11_embed.rs

@@ -7,21 +7,21 @@ fn main() -> Result<(), Box<dyn Error>> {
     use winit::event::WindowEvent;
     use winit::event_loop::{ActiveEventLoop, EventLoop};
     use winit::platform::x11::WindowAttributesExtX11;
-    use winit::window::{Window, WindowId};
+    use winit::window::{Window, WindowAttributes, WindowId};
 
     #[path = "util/fill.rs"]
     mod fill;
 
     pub struct XEmbedDemo {
         parent_window_id: u32,
-        window: Option<Window>,
+        window: Option<Box<dyn Window>>,
     }
 
     impl ApplicationHandler for XEmbedDemo {
         fn can_create_surfaces(&mut self, event_loop: &dyn ActiveEventLoop) {
-            let window_attributes = Window::default_attributes()
+            let window_attributes = WindowAttributes::default()
                 .with_title("An embedded window!")
-                .with_inner_size(winit::dpi::LogicalSize::new(128.0, 128.0))
+                .with_surface_size(winit::dpi::LogicalSize::new(128.0, 128.0))
                 .with_embed_parent_window(self.parent_window_id);
 
             self.window = Some(event_loop.create_window(window_attributes).unwrap());
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ fn main() -> Result<(), Box<dyn Error>> {
                 WindowEvent::CloseRequested => event_loop.exit(),
                 WindowEvent::RedrawRequested => {
                     window.pre_present_notify();
-                    fill::fill_window(window);
+                    fill::fill_window(window.as_ref());
                 },
                 _ => (),
             }

src/application.rs

@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
 //! End user application handling.
 
-use std::any::Any;
-
 use crate::event::{DeviceEvent, DeviceId, StartCause, WindowEvent};
 use crate::event_loop::ActiveEventLoop;
+#[cfg(any(docsrs, macos_platform))]
+use crate::platform::macos::ApplicationHandlerExtMacOS;
 use crate::window::WindowId;
 
 /// The handler of the application events.
@@ -43,11 +43,21 @@ pub trait ApplicationHandler {
     /// [`pageshow`]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/pageshow_event
     /// [`bfcache`]: https://web.dev/bfcache/
     ///
+    /// ### Android
+    ///
+    /// On Android, the [`resumed()`] method is called when the `Activity` is (again, if after a
+    /// prior [`suspended()`]) being displayed to the user. This is a good place to begin drawing
+    /// visual elements, running animations, etc. It is driven by Android's [`onStart()`] method.
+    ///
+    /// [`onStart()`]: https://developer.android.com/reference/android/app/Activity#onStart()
+    ///
     /// ### Others
     ///
-    /// **Android / macOS / Orbital / Wayland / Windows / X11:** Unsupported.
+    /// **macOS / Orbital / Wayland / Windows / X11:** Unsupported.
     ///
-    /// [`resumed()`]: Self::resumed
+    /// [`resumed()`]: Self::resumed()
+    /// [`suspended()`]: Self::suspended()
+    /// [`exiting()`]: Self::exiting()
     fn resumed(&mut self, event_loop: &dyn ActiveEventLoop) {
         let _ = event_loop;
     }
@@ -73,26 +83,24 @@ pub trait ApplicationHandler {
     ///
     /// ### Android
     ///
-    /// On Android, the [`can_create_surfaces()`] method is called when a new [`SurfaceView`] has
-    /// been created. This is expected to closely correlate with the [`onResume`] lifecycle
-    /// event but there may technically be a discrepancy.
+    /// On Android, the [`can_create_surfaces()`] method is called when a new [`NativeWindow`]
+    /// (native [`Surface`]) is created which backs the application window. This is expected to
+    /// closely correlate with the [`onStart`] lifecycle event which typically results in a surface
+    /// to be created after the app becomes visible.
     ///
-    /// [`onResume`]: https://developer.android.com/reference/android/app/Activity#onResume()
-    ///
-    /// Applications that need to run on Android must wait until they have been "resumed" before
+    /// Applications that need to run on Android must wait until they have received a surface before
     /// they will be able to create a render surface (such as an `EGLSurface`, [`VkSurfaceKHR`]
-    /// or [`wgpu::Surface`]) which depend on having a [`SurfaceView`]. Applications must also
-    /// assume that if they are [suspended], then their render surfaces are invalid and should
-    /// be dropped.
+    /// or [`wgpu::Surface`]) which depend on having a [`NativeWindow`]. Applications must handle
+    /// [`destroy_surfaces()`], where their render surfaces are invalid and should be dropped.
     ///
-    /// [suspended]: Self::destroy_surfaces
-    /// [`SurfaceView`]: https://developer.android.com/reference/android/view/SurfaceView
-    /// [Activity lifecycle]: https://developer.android.com/guide/components/activities/activity-lifecycle
+    /// [`NativeWindow`]: https://developer.android.com/ndk/reference/group/a-native-window
+    /// [`Surface`]: https://developer.android.com/reference/android/view/Surface
+    /// [`onStart`]: https://developer.android.com/reference/android/app/Activity#onStart()
     /// [`VkSurfaceKHR`]: https://www.khronos.org/registry/vulkan/specs/1.3-extensions/man/html/VkSurfaceKHR.html
     /// [`wgpu::Surface`]: https://docs.rs/wgpu/latest/wgpu/struct.Surface.html
     ///
-    /// [`can_create_surfaces()`]: Self::can_create_surfaces
-    /// [`destroy_surfaces()`]: Self::destroy_surfaces
+    /// [`can_create_surfaces()`]: Self::can_create_surfaces()
+    /// [`destroy_surfaces()`]: Self::destroy_surfaces()
     fn can_create_surfaces(&mut self, event_loop: &dyn ActiveEventLoop);
 
     /// Called after a wake up is requested using [`EventLoopProxy::wake_up()`].
@@ -198,7 +206,7 @@ pub trait ApplicationHandler {
     fn device_event(
         &mut self,
         event_loop: &dyn ActiveEventLoop,
-        device_id: DeviceId,
+        device_id: Option<DeviceId>,
         event: DeviceEvent,
     ) {
         let _ = (event_loop, device_id, event);
@@ -237,18 +245,30 @@ pub trait ApplicationHandler {
     /// ### Web
     ///
     /// On Web, the [`suspended()`] method is called in response to a [`pagehide`] event if the
-    /// page is being restored from the [`bfcache`] (back/forward cache) - an in-memory cache that
+    /// page is being stored in the [`bfcache`] (back/forward cache) - an in-memory cache that
     /// stores a complete snapshot of a page (including the JavaScript heap) as the user is
     /// navigating away.
     ///
     /// [`pagehide`]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/pagehide_event
     /// [`bfcache`]: https://web.dev/bfcache/
     ///
+    /// ### Android
+    ///
+    /// On Android, the [`suspended()`] method is called when the `Activity` is no longer visible
+    /// to the user. This is a good place to stop refreshing UI, running animations and other visual
+    /// things. It is driven by Android's [`onStop()`] method.
+    ///
+    /// After this event the application either receives [`resumed()`] again, or [`exiting()`].
+    ///
+    /// [`onStop()`]: https://developer.android.com/reference/android/app/Activity#onStop()
+    ///
     /// ### Others
     ///
-    /// **Android / macOS / Orbital / Wayland / Windows / X11:** Unsupported.
+    /// **macOS / Orbital / Wayland / Windows / X11:** Unsupported.
     ///
-    /// [`suspended()`]: Self::suspended
+    /// [`resumed()`]: Self::resumed()
+    /// [`suspended()`]: Self::suspended()
+    /// [`exiting()`]: Self::exiting()
     fn suspended(&mut self, event_loop: &dyn ActiveEventLoop) {
         let _ = event_loop;
     }
@@ -261,24 +281,22 @@ pub trait ApplicationHandler {
     ///
     /// ### Android
     ///
-    /// On Android, the [`destroy_surfaces()`] method is called when the application's associated
-    /// [`SurfaceView`] is destroyed. This is expected to closely correlate with the [`onPause`]
-    /// lifecycle event but there may technically be a discrepancy.
+    /// On Android, the [`destroy_surfaces()`] method is called when the application's
+    /// [`NativeWindow`] (native [`Surface`]) is destroyed. This is expected to closely correlate
+    /// with the [`onStop`] lifecycle event which typically results in the surface to be destroyed
+    /// after the app becomes invisible.
     ///
-    /// [`onPause`]: https://developer.android.com/reference/android/app/Activity#onPause()
-    ///
-    /// Applications that need to run on Android should assume their [`SurfaceView`] has been
+    /// Applications that need to run on Android should assume their [`NativeWindow`] has been
     /// destroyed, which indirectly invalidates any existing render surfaces that may have been
     /// created outside of Winit (such as an `EGLSurface`, [`VkSurfaceKHR`] or [`wgpu::Surface`]).
     ///
-    /// After being [suspended] on Android applications must drop all render surfaces before
-    /// the event callback completes, which may be re-created when the application is next
-    /// [resumed].
+    /// When receiving [`destroy_surfaces()`] Android applications should drop all render surfaces
+    /// before the event callback completes, which may be re-created when the application next
+    /// receives [`can_create_surfaces()`].
     ///
-    /// [suspended]: Self::destroy_surfaces
-    /// [resumed]: Self::can_create_surfaces
-    /// [`SurfaceView`]: https://developer.android.com/reference/android/view/SurfaceView
-    /// [Activity lifecycle]: https://developer.android.com/guide/components/activities/activity-lifecycle
+    /// [`NativeWindow`]: https://developer.android.com/ndk/reference/group/a-native-window
+    /// [`Surface`]: https://developer.android.com/reference/android/view/Surface
+    /// [`onStop`]: https://developer.android.com/reference/android/app/Activity#onStop()
     /// [`VkSurfaceKHR`]: https://www.khronos.org/registry/vulkan/specs/1.3-extensions/man/html/VkSurfaceKHR.html
     /// [`wgpu::Surface`]: https://docs.rs/wgpu/latest/wgpu/struct.Surface.html
     ///
@@ -286,8 +304,8 @@ pub trait ApplicationHandler {
     ///
     /// - **iOS / macOS / Orbital / Wayland / Web / Windows / X11:** Unsupported.
     ///
-    /// [`can_create_surfaces()`]: Self::can_create_surfaces
-    /// [`destroy_surfaces()`]: Self::destroy_surfaces
+    /// [`can_create_surfaces()`]: Self::can_create_surfaces()
+    /// [`destroy_surfaces()`]: Self::destroy_surfaces()
     fn destroy_surfaces(&mut self, event_loop: &dyn ActiveEventLoop) {
         let _ = event_loop;
     }
@@ -328,22 +346,18 @@ pub trait ApplicationHandler {
         let _ = event_loop;
     }
 
-    /// Get the [`ApplicationHandler`] as [`Any`].
+    /// The macOS-specific handler.
     ///
-    /// This is useful for downcasting to a concrete application type.
+    /// The return value from this should not change at runtime.
+    #[cfg(any(docsrs, macos_platform))]
     #[inline(always)]
-    fn as_any(&mut self) -> Option<&mut dyn Any> {
+    fn macos_handler(&mut self) -> Option<&mut dyn ApplicationHandlerExtMacOS> {
         None
     }
 }
 
 #[deny(clippy::missing_trait_methods)]
 impl<A: ?Sized + ApplicationHandler> ApplicationHandler for &mut A {
-    #[inline(always)]
-    fn as_any(&mut self) -> Option<&mut dyn Any> {
-        (**self).as_any()
-    }
-
     #[inline]
     fn new_events(&mut self, event_loop: &dyn ActiveEventLoop, cause: StartCause) {
         (**self).new_events(event_loop, cause);
@@ -378,7 +392,7 @@ impl<A: ?Sized + ApplicationHandler> ApplicationHandler for &mut A {
     fn device_event(
         &mut self,
         event_loop: &dyn ActiveEventLoop,
-        device_id: DeviceId,
+        device_id: Option<DeviceId>,
         event: DeviceEvent,
     ) {
         (**self).device_event(event_loop, device_id, event);
@@ -408,15 +422,16 @@ impl<A: ?Sized + ApplicationHandler> ApplicationHandler for &mut A {
     fn memory_warning(&mut self, event_loop: &dyn ActiveEventLoop) {
         (**self).memory_warning(event_loop);
     }
+
+    #[cfg(any(docsrs, macos_platform))]
+    #[inline]
+    fn macos_handler(&mut self) -> Option<&mut dyn ApplicationHandlerExtMacOS> {
+        (**self).macos_handler()
+    }
 }
 
 #[deny(clippy::missing_trait_methods)]
 impl<A: ?Sized + ApplicationHandler> ApplicationHandler for Box<A> {
-    #[inline(always)]
-    fn as_any(&mut self) -> Option<&mut dyn Any> {
-        (**self).as_any()
-    }
-
     #[inline]
     fn new_events(&mut self, event_loop: &dyn ActiveEventLoop, cause: StartCause) {
         (**self).new_events(event_loop, cause);
@@ -451,7 +466,7 @@ impl<A: ?Sized + ApplicationHandler> ApplicationHandler for Box<A> {
     fn device_event(
         &mut self,
         event_loop: &dyn ActiveEventLoop,
-        device_id: DeviceId,
+        device_id: Option<DeviceId>,
         event: DeviceEvent,
     ) {
         (**self).device_event(event_loop, device_id, event);
@@ -481,4 +496,10 @@ impl<A: ?Sized + ApplicationHandler> ApplicationHandler for Box<A> {
     fn memory_warning(&mut self, event_loop: &dyn ActiveEventLoop) {
         (**self).memory_warning(event_loop);
     }
+
+    #[cfg(any(docsrs, macos_platform))]
+    #[inline]
+    fn macos_handler(&mut self) -> Option<&mut dyn ApplicationHandlerExtMacOS> {
+        (**self).macos_handler()
+    }
 }

src/changelog/unreleased.md

@@ -43,29 +43,45 @@ changelog entry.
 ### Added
 
 - Add `ActiveEventLoop::create_proxy()`.
-- On Web, implement `Error` for `platform::web::CustomCursorError`.
 - On Web, add `ActiveEventLoopExtWeb::is_cursor_lock_raw()` to determine if
   `DeviceEvent::MouseMotion` is returning raw data, not OS accelerated, when using
   `CursorGrabMode::Locked`.
 - On Web, implement `MonitorHandle` and `VideoModeHandle`.
-  
+
   Without prompting the user for permission, only the current monitor is returned. But when
   prompting and being granted permission through
   `ActiveEventLoop::request_detailed_monitor_permission()`, access to all monitors and their
-  information is available. This "detailed monitors" can be used in `Window::set_fullscreen()` as
-  well.
-- On Android, add `{Active,}EventLoopExtAndroid::android_app()` to access the app used to create the loop.
-- Add `ActiveEventLoop::system_theme()`, returning the current system theme.
-- Add `Touch::finger_id` with a new type `FingerId`.
-- On Web and Windows, add `FingerIdExt*::is_primary()`, exposing a way to determine
-  the primary finger in a multi-touch interaction.
+  details is available. Handles created with "detailed monitor permissions" can be used in
+  `Window::set_fullscreen()` as well.
+
+  Keep in mind that handles do not auto-upgrade after permissions are granted and have to be
+  re-created to make full use of this feature.
 - Implement `Clone`, `Copy`, `Debug`, `Deserialize`, `Eq`, `Hash`, `Ord`, `PartialEq`, `PartialOrd`
   and `Serialize` on many types.
 - Add `MonitorHandle::current_video_mode()`.
+- On Android, the soft keyboard can now be shown using `Window::set_ime_allowed`.
+- Add basic iOS IME support. The soft keyboard can now be shown using `Window::set_ime_allowed`.
+- Add `ApplicationHandlerExtMacOS` trait, and a `macos_handler` method to `ApplicationHandler` which returns a `dyn ApplicationHandlerExtMacOS` which allows for macOS specific extensions to winit.
+- Add a `standard_key_binding` method to the `ApplicationHandlerExtMacOS` trait. This allows handling of standard keybindings such as "go to end of line" on macOS.
+- On macOS, add `WindowExtMacOS::set_borderless_game` and `WindowAttributesExtMacOS::with_borderless_game`
+  to fully disable the menu bar and dock in Borderless Fullscreen as commonly done in games.
+- On macOS, add `WindowExtMacOS::set_unified_titlebar` and `WindowAttributesExtMacOS::with_unified_titlebar`
+  to use a larger style of titlebar.
+- Add `WindowId::into_raw()` and `from_raw()`.
+- Add `PointerKind`, `PointerSource`, `ButtonSource`, `FingerId`, `primary` and `position` to all
+  pointer events as part of the pointer event overhaul.
+- Add `DeviceId::into_raw()` and `from_raw()`.
+- On X11, the `window` example now understands the `X11_VISUAL_ID` and `X11_SCREEN_ID` env
+  variables to test the respective modifiers of window creation.
+- Added `Window::surface_position`, which is the position of the surface inside the window.
+- Added `Window::safe_area`, which describes the area of the surface that is unobstructed.
+- On X11, Wayland, Windows and macOS, improved scancode conversions for more obscure key codes.
 
 ### Changed
 
 - Change `ActiveEventLoop` to be a trait.
+- Change `Window` to be a trait.
+- `ActiveEventLoop::create_window` now returns `Box<dyn Window>`.
 - `ApplicationHandler` now uses `dyn ActiveEventLoop`.
 - On Web, let events wake up event loop immediately when using `ControlFlow::Poll`.
 - Bump MSRV from `1.70` to `1.73`.
@@ -78,14 +94,14 @@ changelog entry.
 - Changed `EventLoopProxy::send_event` to `EventLoopProxy::wake_up`, it now
   only wakes up the loop.
 - On X11, implement smooth resizing through the sync extension API.
-- `ApplicationHandler::create|destroy_surfaces()` was split off from
+- `ApplicationHandler::can_create|destroy_surfaces()` was split off from
   `ApplicationHandler::resumed/suspended()`.
 
   `ApplicationHandler::can_create_surfaces()` should, for portability reasons
   to Android, be the only place to create render surfaces.
 
-  `ApplicationHandler::resumed/suspended()` are now only emitted by iOS and Web
-  and now signify actually resuming/suspending the application.
+  `ApplicationHandler::resumed/suspended()` are now only emitted by iOS, Web
+  and Android, and now signify actually resuming/suspending the application.
 - Rename `platform::web::*ExtWebSys` to `*ExtWeb`.
 - Change signature of `EventLoop::run_app`, `EventLoopExtPumpEvents::pump_app_events` and
   `EventLoopExtRunOnDemand::run_app_on_demand` to accept a `impl ApplicationHandler` directly,
@@ -97,6 +113,58 @@ changelog entry.
 - Changed how `ModifiersState` is serialized by Serde.
 - `VideoModeHandle::refresh_rate_millihertz()` and `bit_depth()` now return a `Option<NonZero*>`.
 - `MonitorHandle::position()` now returns an `Option`.
+- On iOS and macOS, remove custom application delegates. You are now allowed to override the
+  application delegate yourself.
+- On iOS, no longer act as-if the application successfully open all URLs. Override
+  `application:didFinishLaunchingWithOptions:` and provide the desired behaviour yourself.
+- On X11, remove our dependency on libXcursor. (#3749)
+- Renamed the following APIs to make it clearer that the sizes apply to the underlying surface:
+  - `WindowEvent::Resized` to `SurfaceResized`.
+  - `InnerSizeWriter` to `SurfaceSizeWriter`.
+  - `WindowAttributes.inner_size` to `surface_size`.
+  - `WindowAttributes.min_inner_size` to `min_surface_size`.
+  - `WindowAttributes.max_inner_size` to `max_surface_size`.
+  - `WindowAttributes.resize_increments` to `surface_resize_increments`.
+  - `WindowAttributes::with_inner_size` to `with_surface_size`.
+  - `WindowAttributes::with_min_inner_size` to `with_min_surface_size`.
+  - `WindowAttributes::with_max_inner_size` to `with_max_surface_size`.
+  - `WindowAttributes::with_resize_increments` to `with_surface_resize_increments`.
+  - `Window::inner_size` to `surface_size`.
+  - `Window::request_inner_size` to `request_surface_size`.
+  - `Window::set_min_inner_size` to `set_min_surface_size`.
+  - `Window::set_max_inner_size` to `set_max_surface_size`.
+
+  To migrate, you can probably just replace all instances of `inner_size` with `surface_size` in your codebase.
+- Every event carrying a `DeviceId` now uses `Option<DeviceId>` instead. A `None` value signifies that the
+  device can't be uniquely identified.
+- Pointer `WindowEvent`s were overhauled. The new events can handle any type of pointer, serving as
+  a single pointer input source. Now your application can handle any pointer type without having to
+  explicitly handle e.g. `Touch`:
+  - Rename `CursorMoved` to `PointerMoved`.
+  - Rename `CursorEntered` to `PointerEntered`.
+  - Rename `CursorLeft` to `PointerLeft`.
+  - Rename `MouseInput` to `PointerButton`.
+  - Add `primary` to every `PointerEvent` as a way to identify discard non-primary pointers in a
+    multi-touch interaction.
+  - Add `position` to every `PointerEvent`.
+  - `PointerMoved` is **not sent** after `PointerEntered` anymore.
+  - Remove `Touch`, which is folded into the `Pointer*` events.
+  - New `PointerKind` added to `PointerEntered` and `PointerLeft`, signifying which pointer type is
+    the source of this event.
+  - New `PointerSource` added to `PointerMoved`, similar to `PointerKind` but holding additional
+    data.
+  - New `ButtonSource` added to `PointerButton`, similar to `PointerKind` but holding pointer type
+    specific buttons. Use `ButtonSource::mouse_button()` to easily normalize any pointer button
+    type to a generic mouse button.
+  - New `FingerId` added to `PointerKind::Touch` and `PointerSource::Touch` able to uniquely
+    identify a finger in a multi-touch interaction. Replaces the old `Touch::id`.
+  - In the same spirit rename `DeviceEvent::MouseMotion` to `PointerMotion`.
+  - Remove `Force::Calibrated::altitude_angle`.
+- On X11, use bottom-right corner for IME hotspot in `Window::set_ime_cursor_area`.
+- On macOS and iOS, no longer emit `ScaleFactorChanged` upon window creation.
+- On macOS, no longer emit `Focused` upon window creation.
+- On iOS, emit more events immediately, instead of queuing them.
+- Update `smol_str` to version `0.3`
 
 ### Removed
 
@@ -119,14 +187,32 @@ changelog entry.
   v0.5 support. v0.6 remains in place and is enabled by default.
 - Remove `DeviceEvent::Added` and `DeviceEvent::Removed`.
 - Remove `DeviceEvent::Motion` and `WindowEvent::AxisMotion`.
-- Remove `Touch::id` in favor of `Touch::finger_id`.
 - Remove `MonitorHandle::size()` and `refresh_rate_millihertz()` in favor of
   `MonitorHandle::current_video_mode()`.
 - On Android, remove all `MonitorHandle` support instead of emitting false data.
+- Remove `impl From<u64> for WindowId` and `impl From<WindowId> for u64`. Replaced with
+  `WindowId::into_raw()` and `from_raw()`.
+- Remove `dummy()` from `WindowId` and `DeviceId`.
+- Remove `WindowEvent::Touch` and `Touch` in favor of the new `PointerKind`, `PointerSource` and
+ `ButtonSource` as part of the new pointer event overhaul.
+- Remove `Force::altitude_angle`.
+- Removed `Window::inner_position`, use the new `Window::surface_position` instead.
 
 ### Fixed
 
-- On Web, pen events are now routed through to `WindowEvent::Cursor*`.
-- On macOS, fix panic when releasing not available monitor.
-- On MacOS, return the system theme in `Window::theme()` if no theme override is set.
 - On Orbital, `MonitorHandle::name()` now returns `None` instead of a dummy name.
+- On macOS, fix `WindowEvent::Moved` sometimes being triggered unnecessarily on resize.
+- On macOS, package manifest definitions of `LSUIElement` will no longer be overridden with the
+  default activation policy, unless explicitly provided during initialization.
+- On macOS, fix crash when calling `drag_window()` without a left click present.
+- On X11, key events forward to IME anyway, even when it's disabled.
+- On Windows, make `ControlFlow::WaitUntil` work more precisely using `CREATE_WAITABLE_TIMER_HIGH_RESOLUTION`.
+- On X11, creating windows on screen that is not the first one (e.g. `DISPLAY=:0.1`) works again.
+- On X11, creating windows while passing `with_x11_screen(non_default_screen)` works again.
+- On X11, fix XInput handling that prevented a new window from getting the focus in some cases.
+- On iOS, fixed `SurfaceResized` and `Window::surface_size` not reporting the size of the actual surface.
+- On macOS, fixed the scancode conversion for audio volume keys.
+- On macOS, fixed the scancode conversion for `IntlBackslash`.
+- On macOS, fixed redundant `SurfaceResized` event at window creation.
+- On macOS, fix crash when pressing Caps Lock in certain configurations.
+- On iOS, fixed `MonitorHandle`'s `PartialEq` and `Hash` implementations.

src/changelog/v0.30.md

@@ -1,3 +1,18 @@
+## 0.30.5
+
+### Added
+
+- Add `ActiveEventLoop::system_theme()`, returning the current system theme.
+- On Web, implement `Error` for `platform::web::CustomCursorError`.
+- On Android, add `{Active,}EventLoopExtAndroid::android_app()` to access the app used to create the loop.
+
+### Fixed
+
+- On MacOS, fix building with `feature = "rwh_04"`.
+- On Web, pen events are now routed through to `WindowEvent::Cursor*`.
+- On macOS, fix panic when releasing not available monitor.
+- On MacOS, return the system theme in `Window::theme()` if no theme override is set.
+
 ## 0.30.4
 
 ### Changed

src/cursor.rs

@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ impl From<CustomCursor> for Cursor {
 /// ```no_run
 /// # use winit::event_loop::ActiveEventLoop;
 /// # use winit::window::Window;
-/// # fn scope(event_loop: &dyn ActiveEventLoop, window: &Window) {
+/// # fn scope(event_loop: &dyn ActiveEventLoop, window: &dyn Window) {
 /// use winit::window::CustomCursor;
 ///
 /// let w = 10;
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ impl From<CustomCursor> for Cursor {
 /// };
 ///
 /// if let Ok(custom_cursor) = event_loop.create_custom_cursor(source) {
-///     window.set_cursor(custom_cursor.clone());
+///     window.set_cursor(custom_cursor.clone().into());
 /// }
 /// # }
 /// ```

src/error.rs

@@ -1,45 +1,40 @@
-use std::{error, fmt};
+use std::error::Error;
+use std::fmt::{self, Display};
 
-use crate::platform_impl;
-
-// TODO: Rename
-/// An error that may be generated when requesting Winit state
-#[derive(Debug)]
-pub enum ExternalError {
-    /// The operation is not supported by the backend.
-    NotSupported(NotSupportedError),
-    /// The operation was ignored.
-    Ignored,
-    /// The OS cannot perform the operation.
-    Os(OsError),
-}
-
-/// The error type for when the requested operation is not supported by the backend.
-#[derive(Clone, Copy, Default, Eq, Hash, PartialEq)]
-#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize))]
-pub struct NotSupportedError {
-    _marker: (),
-}
-
-/// The error type for when the OS cannot perform the requested operation.
-#[derive(Debug)]
-pub struct OsError {
-    line: u32,
-    file: &'static str,
-    error: platform_impl::OsError,
-}
-
-/// A general error that may occur while running the Winit event loop
+/// A general error that may occur while running or creating
+/// the event loop.
 #[derive(Debug)]
+#[non_exhaustive]
 pub enum EventLoopError {
-    /// The operation is not supported by the backend.
-    NotSupported(NotSupportedError),
-    /// The OS cannot perform the operation.
-    Os(OsError),
     /// The event loop can't be re-created.
     RecreationAttempt,
     /// Application has exit with an error status.
     ExitFailure(i32),
+    /// Got unspecified OS-specific error during the request.
+    Os(OsError),
+    /// Creating the event loop with the requested configuration is not supported.
+    NotSupported(NotSupportedError),
+}
+
+impl fmt::Display for EventLoopError {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
+        match self {
+            Self::RecreationAttempt => write!(f, "EventLoop can't be recreated"),
+            Self::Os(err) => err.fmt(f),
+            Self::ExitFailure(status) => write!(f, "Exit Failure: {status}"),
+            Self::NotSupported(err) => err.fmt(f),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl Error for EventLoopError {
+    fn source(&self) -> Option<&(dyn Error + 'static)> {
+        if let Self::Os(err) = self {
+            err.source()
+        } else {
+            None
+        }
+    }
 }
 
 impl From<OsError> for EventLoopError {
@@ -48,18 +43,102 @@ impl From<OsError> for EventLoopError {
     }
 }
 
-impl NotSupportedError {
-    #[inline]
-    #[allow(dead_code)]
-    pub(crate) fn new() -> NotSupportedError {
-        NotSupportedError { _marker: () }
+impl From<NotSupportedError> for EventLoopError {
+    fn from(value: NotSupportedError) -> Self {
+        Self::NotSupported(value)
     }
 }
 
+/// A general error that may occur during a request to the windowing system.
+#[derive(Debug)]
+#[non_exhaustive]
+pub enum RequestError {
+    /// The request is not supported.
+    NotSupported(NotSupportedError),
+    /// The request was ignored by the operating system.
+    Ignored,
+    /// Got unspecified OS specific error during the request.
+    Os(OsError),
+}
+
+impl Display for RequestError {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
+        match self {
+            Self::NotSupported(err) => err.fmt(f),
+            Self::Ignored => write!(f, "The request was ignored"),
+            Self::Os(err) => err.fmt(f),
+        }
+    }
+}
+impl Error for RequestError {
+    fn source(&self) -> Option<&(dyn Error + 'static)> {
+        if let Self::Os(err) = self {
+            err.source()
+        } else {
+            None
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<NotSupportedError> for RequestError {
+    fn from(value: NotSupportedError) -> Self {
+        Self::NotSupported(value)
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<OsError> for RequestError {
+    fn from(value: OsError) -> Self {
+        Self::Os(value)
+    }
+}
+
+/// The requested operation is not supported.
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub struct NotSupportedError {
+    /// The reason why a certain operation is not supported.
+    reason: &'static str,
+}
+
+impl NotSupportedError {
+    pub(crate) fn new(reason: &'static str) -> Self {
+        Self { reason }
+    }
+}
+
+impl fmt::Display for NotSupportedError {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
+        write!(f, "Operation is not supported: {}", self.reason)
+    }
+}
+impl Error for NotSupportedError {}
+
+/// Unclassified error from the OS.
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub struct OsError {
+    line: u32,
+    file: &'static str,
+    error: Box<dyn Error + Send + Sync + 'static>,
+}
+
 impl OsError {
     #[allow(dead_code)]
-    pub(crate) fn new(line: u32, file: &'static str, error: platform_impl::OsError) -> OsError {
-        OsError { line, file, error }
+    pub(crate) fn new(
+        line: u32,
+        file: &'static str,
+        error: impl Into<Box<dyn Error + Send + Sync + 'static>>,
+    ) -> Self {
+        Self { line, file, error: error.into() }
+    }
+}
+
+impl Display for OsError {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
+        f.pad(&format!("os error at {}:{}: {}", self.file, self.line, self.error))
+    }
+}
+impl Error for OsError {
+    fn source(&self) -> Option<&(dyn Error + 'static)> {
+        Some(self.error.as_ref())
     }
 }
 
@@ -69,64 +148,3 @@ macro_rules! os_error {
         crate::error::OsError::new(line!(), file!(), $error)
     }};
 }
-
-impl fmt::Display for OsError {
-    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> Result<(), fmt::Error> {
-        f.pad(&format!("os error at {}:{}: {}", self.file, self.line, self.error))
-    }
-}
-
-impl fmt::Display for ExternalError {
-    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> Result<(), fmt::Error> {
-        match self {
-            ExternalError::NotSupported(e) => e.fmt(f),
-            ExternalError::Ignored => write!(f, "Operation was ignored"),
-            ExternalError::Os(e) => e.fmt(f),
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-impl fmt::Debug for NotSupportedError {
-    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> Result<(), fmt::Error> {
-        f.debug_struct("NotSupportedError").finish()
-    }
-}
-
-impl fmt::Display for NotSupportedError {
-    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> Result<(), fmt::Error> {
-        f.pad("the requested operation is not supported by Winit")
-    }
-}
-
-impl fmt::Display for EventLoopError {
-    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> Result<(), fmt::Error> {
-        match self {
-            EventLoopError::RecreationAttempt => write!(f, "EventLoop can't be recreated"),
-            EventLoopError::NotSupported(e) => e.fmt(f),
-            EventLoopError::Os(e) => e.fmt(f),
-            EventLoopError::ExitFailure(status) => write!(f, "Exit Failure: {status}"),
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-impl error::Error for OsError {}
-impl error::Error for ExternalError {}
-impl error::Error for NotSupportedError {}
-impl error::Error for EventLoopError {}
-
-#[cfg(test)]
-#[allow(clippy::redundant_clone)]
-mod tests {
-    use super::*;
-
-    // Eat attributes for testing
-    #[test]
-    fn ensure_fmt_does_not_panic() {
-        let _ = format!("{:?}, {}", NotSupportedError::new(), NotSupportedError::new().clone());
-        let _ = format!(
-            "{:?}, {}",
-            ExternalError::NotSupported(NotSupportedError::new()),
-            ExternalError::NotSupported(NotSupportedError::new())
-        );
-    }
-}

src/event.rs

@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ use smol_str::SmolStr;
 use web_time::Instant;
 
 use crate::dpi::{PhysicalPosition, PhysicalSize};
-use crate::error::ExternalError;
+use crate::error::RequestError;
 use crate::event_loop::AsyncRequestSerial;
 use crate::keyboard::{self, ModifiersKeyState, ModifiersKeys, ModifiersState};
 use crate::platform_impl;
@@ -63,51 +63,51 @@ use crate::window::{ActivationToken, Theme, WindowId};
 #[allow(dead_code)]
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq)]
 pub(crate) enum Event {
-    /// See [`ApplicationHandler::new_events`] for details.
+    /// See [`ApplicationHandler::new_events()`] for details.
     ///
-    /// [`ApplicationHandler::new_events`]: crate::application::ApplicationHandler::new_events
+    /// [`ApplicationHandler::new_events()`]: crate::application::ApplicationHandler::new_events()
     NewEvents(StartCause),
 
-    /// See [`ApplicationHandler::window_event`] for details.
+    /// See [`ApplicationHandler::window_event()`] for details.
     ///
-    /// [`ApplicationHandler::window_event`]: crate::application::ApplicationHandler::window_event
+    /// [`ApplicationHandler::window_event()`]: crate::application::ApplicationHandler::window_event()
     #[allow(clippy::enum_variant_names)]
     WindowEvent { window_id: WindowId, event: WindowEvent },
 
-    /// See [`ApplicationHandler::device_event`] for details.
+    /// See [`ApplicationHandler::device_event()`] for details.
     ///
-    /// [`ApplicationHandler::device_event`]: crate::application::ApplicationHandler::device_event
+    /// [`ApplicationHandler::device_event()`]: crate::application::ApplicationHandler::device_event()
     #[allow(clippy::enum_variant_names)]
-    DeviceEvent { device_id: DeviceId, event: DeviceEvent },
+    DeviceEvent { device_id: Option<DeviceId>, event: DeviceEvent },
 
-    /// See [`ApplicationHandler::suspended`] for details.
+    /// See [`ApplicationHandler::suspended()`] for details.
     ///
-    /// [`ApplicationHandler::suspended`]: crate::application::ApplicationHandler::suspended
+    /// [`ApplicationHandler::suspended()`]: crate::application::ApplicationHandler::suspended()
     Suspended,
 
-    /// See [`ApplicationHandler::can_create_surfaces`] for details.
+    /// See [`ApplicationHandler::can_create_surfaces()`] for details.
     ///
-    /// [`ApplicationHandler::can_create_surfaces`]: crate::application::ApplicationHandler::can_create_surfaces
+    /// [`ApplicationHandler::can_create_surfaces()`]: crate::application::ApplicationHandler::can_create_surfaces()
     CreateSurfaces,
 
-    /// See [`ApplicationHandler::resumed`] for details.
+    /// See [`ApplicationHandler::resumed()`] for details.
     ///
-    /// [`ApplicationHandler::resumed`]: crate::application::ApplicationHandler::resumed
+    /// [`ApplicationHandler::resumed()`]: crate::application::ApplicationHandler::resumed()
     Resumed,
 
-    /// See [`ApplicationHandler::about_to_wait`] for details.
+    /// See [`ApplicationHandler::about_to_wait()`] for details.
     ///
-    /// [`ApplicationHandler::about_to_wait`]: crate::application::ApplicationHandler::about_to_wait
+    /// [`ApplicationHandler::about_to_wait()`]: crate::application::ApplicationHandler::about_to_wait()
     AboutToWait,
 
-    /// See [`ApplicationHandler::exiting`] for details.
+    /// See [`ApplicationHandler::exiting()`] for details.
     ///
-    /// [`ApplicationHandler::exiting`]: crate::application::ApplicationHandler::exiting
+    /// [`ApplicationHandler::exiting()`]: crate::application::ApplicationHandler::exiting()
     LoopExiting,
 
-    /// See [`ApplicationHandler::memory_warning`] for details.
+    /// See [`ApplicationHandler::memory_warning()`] for details.
     ///
-    /// [`ApplicationHandler::memory_warning`]: crate::application::ApplicationHandler::memory_warning
+    /// [`ApplicationHandler::memory_warning()`]: crate::application::ApplicationHandler::memory_warning()
     MemoryWarning,
 
     /// User requested a wake up.
@@ -148,10 +148,21 @@ pub enum WindowEvent {
     /// [`request_activation_token`]: crate::platform::startup_notify::WindowExtStartupNotify::request_activation_token
     ActivationTokenDone { serial: AsyncRequestSerial, token: ActivationToken },
 
-    /// The size of the window has changed. Contains the client area's new dimensions.
-    Resized(PhysicalSize<u32>),
+    /// The size of the window's surface has changed.
+    ///
+    /// Contains the new dimensions of the surface (can also be retrieved with
+    /// [`Window::surface_size`]).
+    ///
+    /// This event will not necessarily be emitted upon window creation, query
+    /// [`Window::surface_size`] if you need to determine the surface's initial size.
+    ///
+    /// [`Window::surface_size`]: crate::window::Window::surface_size
+    SurfaceResized(PhysicalSize<u32>),
 
-    /// The position of the window has changed. Contains the window's new position.
+    /// The position of the window has changed.
+    ///
+    /// Contains the window's new position in desktop coordinates (can also be retrieved with
+    /// [`Window::outer_position`]).
     ///
     /// ## Platform-specific
     ///
@@ -164,18 +175,23 @@ pub enum WindowEvent {
     /// The window has been destroyed.
     Destroyed,
 
-    /// A file has been dropped into the window.
-    ///
-    /// When the user drops multiple files at once, this event will be emitted for each file
-    /// separately.
-    DroppedFile(PathBuf),
-
     /// A file is being hovered over the window.
     ///
     /// When the user hovers multiple files at once, this event will be emitted for each file
     /// separately.
     HoveredFile(PathBuf),
 
+    /// A file has been dropped into the window.
+    ///
+    /// When the user drops multiple files at once, this event will be emitted for each file
+    /// separately.
+    ///
+    /// The support for this is known to be incomplete, see [#720] for more
+    /// information.
+    ///
+    /// [#720]: https://github.com/rust-windowing/winit/issues/720
+    DroppedFile(PathBuf),
+
     /// A file was hovered, but has exited the window.
     ///
     /// There will be a single `HoveredFileCancelled` event triggered even if multiple files were
@@ -185,6 +201,9 @@ pub enum WindowEvent {
     /// The window gained or lost focus.
     ///
     /// The parameter is true if the window has gained focus, and false if it has lost focus.
+    ///
+    /// Windows are unfocused upon creation, but will usually be focused by the system soon
+    /// afterwards.
     Focused(bool),
 
     /// An event from the keyboard has been received.
@@ -193,8 +212,9 @@ pub enum WindowEvent {
     /// - **Windows:** The shift key overrides NumLock. In other words, while shift is held down,
     ///   numpad keys act as if NumLock wasn't active. When this is used, the OS sends fake key
     ///   events which are not marked as `is_synthetic`.
+    /// - **iOS:** Unsupported.
     KeyboardInput {
-        device_id: DeviceId,
+        device_id: Option<DeviceId>,
         event: KeyEvent,
 
         /// If `true`, the event was generated synthetically by winit
@@ -221,52 +241,113 @@ pub enum WindowEvent {
     /// - **iOS / Android / Web / Orbital:** Unsupported.
     Ime(Ime),
 
-    /// The cursor has moved on the window.
-    ///
-    /// ## Platform-specific
-    ///
-    /// - **Web:** Doesn't take into account CSS [`border`], [`padding`], or [`transform`].
-    ///
-    /// [`border`]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/border
-    /// [`padding`]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/padding
-    /// [`transform`]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/transform
-    CursorMoved {
-        device_id: DeviceId,
+    /// The pointer has moved on the window.
+    PointerMoved {
+        device_id: Option<DeviceId>,
 
-        /// (x,y) coords in pixels relative to the top-left corner of the window. Because the range
-        /// of this data is limited by the display area and it may have been transformed by
-        /// the OS to implement effects such as cursor acceleration, it should not be used
-        /// to implement non-cursor-like interactions such as 3D camera control.
+        /// (x,y) coordinates in pixels relative to the top-left corner of the window. Because the
+        /// range of this data is limited by the display area and it may have been
+        /// transformed by the OS to implement effects such as pointer acceleration, it
+        /// should not be used to implement non-pointer-like interactions such as 3D camera
+        /// control. For that, consider [`DeviceEvent::PointerMotion`].
+        ///
+        /// ## Platform-specific
+        ///
+        /// **Web:** Doesn't take into account CSS [`border`], [`padding`], or [`transform`].
+        ///
+        /// [`border`]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/border
+        /// [`padding`]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/padding
+        /// [`transform`]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/transform
         position: PhysicalPosition<f64>,
+
+        /// Indicates whether the event is created by a primary pointer.
+        ///
+        /// A pointer is considered primary when it's a mouse, the first finger in a multi-touch
+        /// interaction, or an unknown pointer source.
+        primary: bool,
+
+        source: PointerSource,
     },
 
-    /// The cursor has entered the window.
-    ///
-    /// ## Platform-specific
-    ///
-    /// - **Web:** Doesn't take into account CSS [`border`], [`padding`], or [`transform`].
-    ///
-    /// [`border`]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/border
-    /// [`padding`]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/padding
-    /// [`transform`]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/transform
-    CursorEntered { device_id: DeviceId },
+    /// The pointer has entered the window.
+    PointerEntered {
+        device_id: Option<DeviceId>,
 
-    /// The cursor has left the window.
-    ///
-    /// ## Platform-specific
-    ///
-    /// - **Web:** Doesn't take into account CSS [`border`], [`padding`], or [`transform`].
-    ///
-    /// [`border`]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/border
-    /// [`padding`]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/padding
-    /// [`transform`]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/transform
-    CursorLeft { device_id: DeviceId },
+        /// The position of the pointer when it entered the window.
+        ///
+        /// ## Platform-specific
+        ///
+        /// - **Orbital: Always emits `(0., 0.)`.
+        /// - **Web:** Doesn't take into account CSS [`border`], [`padding`], or [`transform`].
+        ///
+        /// [`border`]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/border
+        /// [`padding`]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/padding
+        /// [`transform`]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/transform
+        position: PhysicalPosition<f64>,
+
+        /// Indicates whether the event is created by a primary pointer.
+        ///
+        /// A pointer is considered primary when it's a mouse, the first finger in a multi-touch
+        /// interaction, or an unknown pointer source.
+        primary: bool,
+
+        kind: PointerKind,
+    },
+
+    /// The pointer has left the window.
+    PointerLeft {
+        device_id: Option<DeviceId>,
+
+        /// The position of the pointer when it left the window. The position reported can be
+        /// outside the bounds of the window.
+        ///
+        /// ## Platform-specific
+        ///
+        /// - **Orbital/Windows:** Always emits [`None`].
+        /// - **Web:** Doesn't take into account CSS [`border`], [`padding`], or [`transform`].
+        ///
+        /// [`border`]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/border
+        /// [`padding`]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/padding
+        /// [`transform`]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/transform
+        position: Option<PhysicalPosition<f64>>,
+
+        /// Indicates whether the event is created by a primary pointer.
+        ///
+        /// A pointer is considered primary when it's a mouse, the first finger in a multi-touch
+        /// interaction, or an unknown pointer source.
+        primary: bool,
+
+        kind: PointerKind,
+    },
 
     /// A mouse wheel movement or touchpad scroll occurred.
-    MouseWheel { device_id: DeviceId, delta: MouseScrollDelta, phase: TouchPhase },
+    MouseWheel { device_id: Option<DeviceId>, delta: MouseScrollDelta, phase: TouchPhase },
 
     /// An mouse button press has been received.
-    MouseInput { device_id: DeviceId, state: ElementState, button: MouseButton },
+    PointerButton {
+        device_id: Option<DeviceId>,
+        state: ElementState,
+
+        /// The position of the pointer when the button was pressed.
+        ///
+        /// ## Platform-specific
+        ///
+        /// - **Orbital: Always emits `(0., 0.)`.
+        /// - **Web:** Doesn't take into account CSS [`border`], [`padding`], or [`transform`].
+        ///
+        /// [`border`]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/border
+        /// [`padding`]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/padding
+        /// [`transform`]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/transform
+        position: PhysicalPosition<f64>,
+
+        /// Indicates whether the event is created by a primary pointer.
+        ///
+        /// A pointer is considered primary when it's a mouse, the first finger in a multi-touch
+        /// interaction, or an unknown pointer source.
+        primary: bool,
+
+        button: ButtonSource,
+    },
 
     /// Two-finger pinch gesture, often used for magnification.
     ///
@@ -275,7 +356,7 @@ pub enum WindowEvent {
     /// - Only available on **macOS** and **iOS**.
     /// - On iOS, not recognized by default. It must be enabled when needed.
     PinchGesture {
-        device_id: DeviceId,
+        device_id: Option<DeviceId>,
         /// Positive values indicate magnification (zooming in) and  negative
         /// values indicate shrinking (zooming out).
         ///
@@ -291,7 +372,7 @@ pub enum WindowEvent {
     /// - Only available on **iOS**.
     /// - On iOS, not recognized by default. It must be enabled when needed.
     PanGesture {
-        device_id: DeviceId,
+        device_id: Option<DeviceId>,
         /// Change in pixels of pan gesture from last update.
         delta: PhysicalPosition<f32>,
         phase: TouchPhase,
@@ -315,7 +396,7 @@ pub enum WindowEvent {
     ///
     /// - Only available on **macOS 10.8** and later, and **iOS**.
     /// - On iOS, not recognized by default. It must be enabled when needed.
-    DoubleTapGesture { device_id: DeviceId },
+    DoubleTapGesture { device_id: Option<DeviceId> },
 
     /// Two-finger rotation gesture.
     ///
@@ -327,7 +408,7 @@ pub enum WindowEvent {
     /// - Only available on **macOS** and **iOS**.
     /// - On iOS, not recognized by default. It must be enabled when needed.
     RotationGesture {
-        device_id: DeviceId,
+        device_id: Option<DeviceId>,
         /// change in rotation in degrees
         delta: f32,
         phase: TouchPhase,
@@ -335,22 +416,18 @@ pub enum WindowEvent {
 
     /// Touchpad pressure event.
     ///
-    /// At the moment, only supported on Apple forcetouch-capable macbooks.
-    /// The parameters are: pressure level (value between 0 and 1 representing how hard the
-    /// touchpad is being pressed) and stage (integer representing the click level).
-    TouchpadPressure { device_id: DeviceId, pressure: f32, stage: i64 },
-
-    /// Touch event has been received
-    ///
     /// ## Platform-specific
     ///
-    /// - **Web:** Doesn't take into account CSS [`border`], [`padding`], or [`transform`].
-    /// - **macOS:** Unsupported.
-    ///
-    /// [`border`]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/border
-    /// [`padding`]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/padding
-    /// [`transform`]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/transform
-    Touch(Touch),
+    /// - **macOS**: Only supported on Apple forcetouch-capable macbooks.
+    /// - **Android / iOS / Wayland / X11 / Windows / Orbital / Web:** Unsupported.
+    TouchpadPressure {
+        device_id: Option<DeviceId>,
+        /// Value between 0 and 1 representing how hard the touchpad is being
+        /// pressed.
+        pressure: f32,
+        /// Represents the click level.
+        stage: i64,
+    },
 
     /// The window's scale factor has changed.
     ///
@@ -360,16 +437,21 @@ pub enum WindowEvent {
     /// * Changing the display's scale factor (e.g. in Control Panel on Windows).
     /// * Moving the window to a display with a different scale factor.
     ///
-    /// To update the window size, use the provided [`InnerSizeWriter`] handle. By default, the
+    /// To update the window size, use the provided [`SurfaceSizeWriter`] handle. By default, the
     /// window is resized to the value suggested by the OS, but it can be changed to any value.
     ///
+    /// This event will not necessarily be emitted upon window creation, query
+    /// [`Window::scale_factor`] if you need to determine the window's initial scale factor.
+    ///
     /// For more information about DPI in general, see the [`dpi`] crate.
+    ///
+    /// [`Window::scale_factor`]: crate::window::Window::scale_factor
     ScaleFactorChanged {
         scale_factor: f64,
-        /// Handle to update inner size during scale changes.
+        /// Handle to update surface size during scale changes.
         ///
-        /// See [`InnerSizeWriter`] docs for more details.
-        inner_size_writer: InnerSizeWriter,
+        /// See [`SurfaceSizeWriter`] docs for more details.
+        surface_size_writer: SurfaceSizeWriter,
     },
 
     /// The system window theme has changed.
@@ -415,16 +497,141 @@ pub enum WindowEvent {
 
     /// Emitted when a window should be redrawn.
     ///
-    /// This gets triggered in two scenarios:
+    /// This gets triggered in a few scenarios:
     /// - The OS has performed an operation that's invalidated the window's contents (such as
-    ///   resizing the window).
+    ///   resizing the window, or changing [the safe area]).
     /// - The application has explicitly requested a redraw via [`Window::request_redraw`].
     ///
     /// Winit will aggregate duplicate redraw requests into a single event, to
     /// help avoid duplicating rendering work.
+    ///
+    /// [the safe area]: crate::window::Window::safe_area
     RedrawRequested,
 }
 
+/// Represents the kind type of a pointer event.
+///
+/// ## Platform-specific
+///
+/// **Wayland/X11:** [`Unknown`](Self::Unknown) device types are converted to known variants by the
+/// system.
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
+pub enum PointerKind {
+    Mouse,
+    /// See [`PointerSource::Touch`] for more details.
+    ///
+    /// ## Platform-specific
+    ///
+    /// **macOS:** Unsupported.
+    Touch(FingerId),
+    Unknown,
+}
+
+/// Represents the pointer type and its data for a pointer event.
+///
+/// **Wayland/X11:** [`Unknown`](Self::Unknown) device types are converted to known variants by the
+/// system.
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq)]
+pub enum PointerSource {
+    Mouse,
+    /// Represents a touch event.
+    ///
+    /// Every time the user touches the screen, a [`WindowEvent::PointerEntered`] and a
+    /// [`WindowEvent::PointerButton`] with [`ElementState::Pressed`] event with an unique
+    /// identifier for the finger is emitted. When a finger is lifted, a
+    /// [`WindowEvent::PointerButton`] with [`ElementState::Released`] and a
+    /// [`WindowEvent::PointerLeft`] event is generated with the same [`FingerId`].
+    ///
+    /// After a [`WindowEvent::PointerEntered`] event has been emitted, there may be zero or more
+    /// [`WindowEvent::PointerMoved`] events when the finger is moved or the touch pressure
+    /// changes.
+    ///
+    /// A [`WindowEvent::PointerLeft`] without a [`WindowEvent::PointerButton`] with
+    /// [`ElementState::Released`] event is emitted when the system has canceled tracking this
+    /// touch, such as when the window loses focus, or on mobile devices if the user moves the
+    /// device against their face.
+    ///
+    /// The [`FingerId`] may be reused by the system after a [`WindowEvent::PointerLeft`] event.
+    /// The user should assume that a new [`WindowEvent::PointerEntered`] event received with the
+    /// same ID has nothing to do with the old finger and is a new finger.
+    ///
+    /// ## Platform-specific
+    ///
+    /// **macOS:** Unsupported.
+    Touch {
+        finger_id: FingerId,
+
+        /// Describes how hard the screen was pressed. May be [`None`] if the hardware does not
+        /// support pressure sensitivity.
+        ///
+        /// ## Platform-specific
+        ///
+        /// - **MacOS / Orbital / Wayland / X11:** Always emits [`None`].
+        /// - **Android:** Will never be [`None`]. If the device doesn't support pressure
+        ///   sensitivity, force will either be 0.0 or 1.0. Also see the
+        ///   [android documentation](https://developer.android.com/reference/android/view/MotionEvent#AXIS_PRESSURE).#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq)]
+        /// - **Web:** Will never be [`None`]. If the device doesn't support pressure sensitivity,
+        ///   force will be 0.5 when a button is pressed or 0.0 otherwise.
+        force: Option<Force>,
+    },
+    Unknown,
+}
+
+impl From<PointerSource> for PointerKind {
+    fn from(source: PointerSource) -> Self {
+        match source {
+            PointerSource::Mouse => Self::Mouse,
+            PointerSource::Touch { finger_id, .. } => Self::Touch(finger_id),
+            PointerSource::Unknown => Self::Unknown,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Represents the pointer type of a [`WindowEvent::PointerButton`].
+///
+/// **Wayland/X11:** [`Unknown`](Self::Unknown) device types are converted to known variants by the
+/// system.
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq)]
+pub enum ButtonSource {
+    Mouse(MouseButton),
+    /// See [`PointerSource::Touch`] for more details.
+    ///
+    /// ## Platform-specific
+    ///
+    /// **macOS:** Unsupported.
+    Touch {
+        finger_id: FingerId,
+        force: Option<Force>,
+    },
+    Unknown(u16),
+}
+
+impl ButtonSource {
+    /// Convert any [`ButtonSource`] to an equivalent [`MouseButton`]. If a pointer type has no
+    /// special handling in an application, this method can be used to handle it like any generic
+    /// mouse input.
+    pub fn mouse_button(self) -> MouseButton {
+        match self {
+            ButtonSource::Mouse(mouse) => mouse,
+            ButtonSource::Touch { .. } => MouseButton::Left,
+            ButtonSource::Unknown(button) => match button {
+                0 => MouseButton::Left,
+                1 => MouseButton::Middle,
+                2 => MouseButton::Right,
+                3 => MouseButton::Back,
+                4 => MouseButton::Forward,
+                _ => MouseButton::Other(button),
+            },
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<MouseButton> for ButtonSource {
+    fn from(mouse: MouseButton) -> Self {
+        Self::Mouse(mouse)
+    }
+}
+
 /// Identifier of an input device.
 ///
 /// Whenever you receive an event arising from a particular input device, this event contains a
@@ -432,24 +639,23 @@ pub enum WindowEvent {
 /// on-screen cursor and keyboard focus) or physical. Virtual devices typically aggregate inputs
 /// from multiple physical devices.
 #[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord, Hash)]
-pub struct DeviceId(pub(crate) platform_impl::DeviceId);
-
-impl Default for DeviceId {
-    fn default() -> Self {
-        Self::dummy()
-    }
-}
+pub struct DeviceId(i64);
 
 impl DeviceId {
-    /// Returns a dummy id, useful for unit testing.
+    /// Convert the [`DeviceId`] into the underlying integer.
     ///
-    /// # Notes
+    /// This is useful if you need to pass the ID across an FFI boundary, or store it in an atomic.
+    #[allow(dead_code)]
+    pub(crate) const fn into_raw(self) -> i64 {
+        self.0
+    }
+
+    /// Construct a [`DeviceId`] from the underlying integer.
     ///
-    /// The only guarantee made about the return value of this function is that
-    /// it will always be equal to itself and to future values returned by this function.
-    /// No other guarantees are made. This may be equal to a real `DeviceId`.
-    pub const fn dummy() -> Self {
-        DeviceId(platform_impl::DeviceId::dummy())
+    /// This should only be called with integers returned from [`DeviceId::into_raw`].
+    #[allow(dead_code)]
+    pub(crate) const fn from_raw(id: i64) -> Self {
+        Self(id)
     }
 }
 
@@ -458,18 +664,23 @@ impl DeviceId {
 /// Whenever a touch event is received it contains a `FingerId` which uniquely identifies the finger
 /// used for the current interaction.
 #[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord, Hash)]
-pub struct FingerId(pub(crate) platform_impl::FingerId);
+pub struct FingerId(pub(crate) usize);
 
 impl FingerId {
-    /// Returns a dummy id, useful for unit testing.
+    /// Convert the [`FingerId`] into the underlying integer.
     ///
-    /// # Notes
+    /// This is useful if you need to pass the ID across an FFI boundary, or store it in an atomic.
+    #[allow(dead_code)]
+    pub(crate) const fn into_raw(self) -> usize {
+        self.0
+    }
+
+    /// Construct a [`FingerId`] from the underlying integer.
     ///
-    /// The only guarantee made about the return value of this function is that
-    /// it will always be equal to itself and to future values returned by this function.
-    /// No other guarantees are made. This may be equal to a real `FingerId`.
-    pub const fn dummy() -> Self {
-        FingerId(platform_impl::FingerId::dummy())
+    /// This should only be called with integers returned from [`FingerId::into_raw`].
+    #[allow(dead_code)]
+    pub(crate) const fn from_raw(id: usize) -> Self {
+        Self(id)
     }
 }
 
@@ -478,7 +689,7 @@ impl FingerId {
 /// Useful for interactions that diverge significantly from a conventional 2D GUI, such as 3D camera
 /// or first-person game controls. Many physical actions, such as mouse movement, can produce both
 /// device and window events. Because window events typically arise from virtual devices
-/// (corresponding to GUI cursors and keyboard focus) the device IDs may not match.
+/// (corresponding to GUI pointers and keyboard focus) the device IDs may not match.
 ///
 /// Note that these events are delivered regardless of input focus.
 #[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq)]
@@ -486,7 +697,7 @@ pub enum DeviceEvent {
     /// Change in physical position of a pointing device.
     ///
     /// This represents raw, unfiltered physical motion. Not to be confused with
-    /// [`WindowEvent::CursorMoved`].
+    /// [`WindowEvent::PointerMoved`].
     ///
     /// ## Platform-specific
     ///
@@ -503,7 +714,7 @@ pub enum DeviceEvent {
     ///
     #[rustfmt::skip]
     /// [`CursorGrabMode::Locked`]: crate::window::CursorGrabMode::Locked
-    MouseMotion {
+    PointerMotion {
         /// (x, y) change in position in unspecified units.
         ///
         /// Different devices may use different units.
@@ -832,50 +1043,6 @@ pub enum TouchPhase {
     Cancelled,
 }
 
-/// Represents a touch event
-///
-/// Every time the user touches the screen, a new [`TouchPhase::Started`] event with an unique
-/// identifier for the finger is generated. When the finger is lifted, an [`TouchPhase::Ended`]
-/// event is generated with the same finger id.
-///
-/// After a `Started` event has been emitted, there may be zero or more `Move`
-/// events when the finger is moved or the touch pressure changes.
-///
-/// The finger id may be reused by the system after an `Ended` event. The user
-/// should assume that a new `Started` event received with the same id has nothing
-/// to do with the old finger and is a new finger.
-///
-/// A [`TouchPhase::Cancelled`] event is emitted when the system has canceled tracking this
-/// touch, such as when the window loses focus, or on iOS if the user moves the
-/// device against their face.
-///
-/// ## Platform-specific
-///
-/// - **Web:** Doesn't take into account CSS [`border`], [`padding`], or [`transform`].
-/// - **macOS:** Unsupported.
-///
-/// [`border`]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/border
-/// [`padding`]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/padding
-/// [`transform`]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/transform
-#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq)]
-pub struct Touch {
-    pub device_id: DeviceId,
-    pub phase: TouchPhase,
-    pub location: PhysicalPosition<f64>,
-    /// Describes how hard the screen was pressed. May be `None` if the platform
-    /// does not support pressure sensitivity.
-    ///
-    /// ## Platform-specific
-    ///
-    /// - Only available on **iOS** 9.0+, **Windows** 8+, **Web**, and **Android**.
-    /// - **Android**: This will never be [None]. If the device doesn't support pressure
-    ///   sensitivity, force will either be 0.0 or 1.0. Also see the
-    ///   [android documentation](https://developer.android.com/reference/android/view/MotionEvent#AXIS_PRESSURE).
-    pub force: Option<Force>,
-    /// Unique identifier of a finger.
-    pub finger_id: FingerId,
-}
-
 /// Describes the force of a touch event
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq)]
 #[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
@@ -896,12 +1063,6 @@ pub enum Force {
         /// The value of this field is sufficiently high to provide a wide
         /// dynamic range for values of the `force` field.
         max_possible_force: f64,
-        /// The altitude (in radians) of the stylus.
-        ///
-        /// A value of 0 radians indicates that the stylus is parallel to the
-        /// surface. The value of this property is Pi/2 when the stylus is
-        /// perpendicular to the surface.
-        altitude_angle: Option<f64>,
     },
     /// If the platform reports the force as normalized, we have no way of
     /// knowing how much pressure 1.0 corresponds to – we know it's the maximum
@@ -918,13 +1079,7 @@ impl Force {
     /// consistent across devices.
     pub fn normalized(&self) -> f64 {
         match self {
-            Force::Calibrated { force, max_possible_force, altitude_angle } => {
-                let force = match altitude_angle {
-                    Some(altitude_angle) => force / altitude_angle.sin(),
-                    None => *force,
-                };
-                force / max_possible_force
-            },
+            Force::Calibrated { force, max_possible_force } => force / max_possible_force,
             Force::Normalized(force) => *force,
         }
     }
@@ -995,40 +1150,39 @@ pub enum MouseScrollDelta {
     PixelDelta(PhysicalPosition<f64>),
 }
 
-/// Handle to synchronously change the size of the window from the
-/// [`WindowEvent`].
+/// Handle to synchronously change the size of the window from the [`WindowEvent`].
 #[derive(Debug, Clone)]
-pub struct InnerSizeWriter {
-    pub(crate) new_inner_size: Weak<Mutex<PhysicalSize<u32>>>,
+pub struct SurfaceSizeWriter {
+    pub(crate) new_surface_size: Weak<Mutex<PhysicalSize<u32>>>,
 }
 
-impl InnerSizeWriter {
+impl SurfaceSizeWriter {
     #[cfg(not(orbital_platform))]
-    pub(crate) fn new(new_inner_size: Weak<Mutex<PhysicalSize<u32>>>) -> Self {
-        Self { new_inner_size }
+    pub(crate) fn new(new_surface_size: Weak<Mutex<PhysicalSize<u32>>>) -> Self {
+        Self { new_surface_size }
     }
 
-    /// Try to request inner size which will be set synchronously on the window.
-    pub fn request_inner_size(
+    /// Try to request surface size which will be set synchronously on the window.
+    pub fn request_surface_size(
         &mut self,
-        new_inner_size: PhysicalSize<u32>,
-    ) -> Result<(), ExternalError> {
-        if let Some(inner) = self.new_inner_size.upgrade() {
-            *inner.lock().unwrap() = new_inner_size;
+        new_surface_size: PhysicalSize<u32>,
+    ) -> Result<(), RequestError> {
+        if let Some(inner) = self.new_surface_size.upgrade() {
+            *inner.lock().unwrap() = new_surface_size;
             Ok(())
         } else {
-            Err(ExternalError::Ignored)
+            Err(RequestError::Ignored)
         }
     }
 }
 
-impl PartialEq for InnerSizeWriter {
+impl PartialEq for SurfaceSizeWriter {
     fn eq(&self, other: &Self) -> bool {
-        self.new_inner_size.as_ptr() == other.new_inner_size.as_ptr()
+        self.new_surface_size.as_ptr() == other.new_surface_size.as_ptr()
     }
 }
 
-impl Eq for InnerSizeWriter {}
+impl Eq for SurfaceSizeWriter {}
 
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
@@ -1041,18 +1195,18 @@ mod tests {
         ($closure:expr) => {{
             #[allow(unused_mut)]
             let mut x = $closure;
-            let did = event::DeviceId::dummy();
-            let fid = event::FingerId::dummy();
+            let fid = event::FingerId::from_raw(0);
 
             #[allow(deprecated)]
             {
                 use crate::event::Event::*;
                 use crate::event::Ime::Enabled;
                 use crate::event::WindowEvent::*;
+                use crate::event::{PointerKind, PointerSource};
                 use crate::window::WindowId;
 
                 // Mainline events.
-                let wid = WindowId::dummy();
+                let wid = WindowId::from_raw(0);
                 x(NewEvents(event::StartCause::Init));
                 x(AboutToWait);
                 x(LoopExiting);
@@ -1066,49 +1220,69 @@ mod tests {
                 with_window_event(Destroyed);
                 with_window_event(Focused(true));
                 with_window_event(Moved((0, 0).into()));
-                with_window_event(Resized((0, 0).into()));
+                with_window_event(SurfaceResized((0, 0).into()));
                 with_window_event(DroppedFile("x.txt".into()));
                 with_window_event(HoveredFile("x.txt".into()));
                 with_window_event(HoveredFileCancelled);
                 with_window_event(Ime(Enabled));
-                with_window_event(CursorMoved { device_id: did, position: (0, 0).into() });
+                with_window_event(PointerMoved {
+                    device_id: None,
+                    primary: true,
+                    position: (0, 0).into(),
+                    source: PointerSource::Mouse,
+                });
                 with_window_event(ModifiersChanged(event::Modifiers::default()));
-                with_window_event(CursorEntered { device_id: did });
-                with_window_event(CursorLeft { device_id: did });
+                with_window_event(PointerEntered {
+                    device_id: None,
+                    primary: true,
+                    position: (0, 0).into(),
+                    kind: PointerKind::Mouse,
+                });
+                with_window_event(PointerLeft {
+                    primary: true,
+                    device_id: None,
+                    position: Some((0, 0).into()),
+                    kind: PointerKind::Mouse,
+                });
                 with_window_event(MouseWheel {
-                    device_id: did,
+                    device_id: None,
                     delta: event::MouseScrollDelta::LineDelta(0.0, 0.0),
                     phase: event::TouchPhase::Started,
                 });
-                with_window_event(MouseInput {
-                    device_id: did,
+                with_window_event(PointerButton {
+                    device_id: None,
+                    primary: true,
                     state: event::ElementState::Pressed,
-                    button: event::MouseButton::Other(0),
+                    position: (0, 0).into(),
+                    button: event::MouseButton::Other(0).into(),
+                });
+                with_window_event(PointerButton {
+                    device_id: None,
+                    primary: true,
+                    state: event::ElementState::Released,
+                    position: (0, 0).into(),
+                    button: event::ButtonSource::Touch {
+                        finger_id: fid,
+                        force: Some(event::Force::Normalized(0.0)),
+                    },
                 });
                 with_window_event(PinchGesture {
-                    device_id: did,
+                    device_id: None,
                     delta: 0.0,
                     phase: event::TouchPhase::Started,
                 });
-                with_window_event(DoubleTapGesture { device_id: did });
+                with_window_event(DoubleTapGesture { device_id: None });
                 with_window_event(RotationGesture {
-                    device_id: did,
+                    device_id: None,
                     delta: 0.0,
                     phase: event::TouchPhase::Started,
                 });
                 with_window_event(PanGesture {
-                    device_id: did,
+                    device_id: None,
                     delta: PhysicalPosition::<f32>::new(0.0, 0.0),
                     phase: event::TouchPhase::Started,
                 });
-                with_window_event(TouchpadPressure { device_id: did, pressure: 0.0, stage: 0 });
-                with_window_event(Touch(event::Touch {
-                    device_id: did,
-                    phase: event::TouchPhase::Started,
-                    location: (0.0, 0.0).into(),
-                    finger_id: fid,
-                    force: Some(event::Force::Normalized(0.0)),
-                }));
+                with_window_event(TouchpadPressure { device_id: None, pressure: 0.0, stage: 0 });
                 with_window_event(ThemeChanged(crate::window::Theme::Light));
                 with_window_event(Occluded(true));
             }
@@ -1118,9 +1292,9 @@ mod tests {
                 use event::DeviceEvent::*;
 
                 let with_device_event =
-                    |dev_ev| x(event::Event::DeviceEvent { device_id: did, event: dev_ev });
+                    |dev_ev| x(event::Event::DeviceEvent { device_id: None, event: dev_ev });
 
-                with_device_event(MouseMotion { delta: (0.0, 0.0).into() });
+                with_device_event(PointerMotion { delta: (0.0, 0.0).into() });
                 with_device_event(MouseWheel {
                     delta: event::MouseScrollDelta::LineDelta(0.0, 0.0),
                 });
@@ -1143,15 +1317,10 @@ mod tests {
         let force = event::Force::Normalized(0.0);
         assert_eq!(force.normalized(), 0.0);
 
-        let force2 =
-            event::Force::Calibrated { force: 5.0, max_possible_force: 2.5, altitude_angle: None };
+        let force2 = event::Force::Calibrated { force: 5.0, max_possible_force: 2.5 };
         assert_eq!(force2.normalized(), 2.0);
 
-        let force3 = event::Force::Calibrated {
-            force: 5.0,
-            max_possible_force: 2.5,
-            altitude_angle: Some(std::f64::consts::PI / 2.0),
-        };
+        let force3 = event::Force::Calibrated { force: 5.0, max_possible_force: 2.5 };
         assert_eq!(force3.normalized(), 2.0);
     }
 
@@ -1159,33 +1328,22 @@ mod tests {
     #[test]
     fn ensure_attrs_do_not_panic() {
         foreach_event!(|event: event::Event| {
-            let _ = format!("{:?}", event);
+            let _ = format!("{event:?}");
         });
         let _ = event::StartCause::Init.clone();
 
-        let did = crate::event::DeviceId::dummy().clone();
-        let fid = crate::event::FingerId::dummy().clone();
-        HashSet::new().insert(did);
-        let mut set = [did, did, did];
+        let fid = crate::event::FingerId::from_raw(0).clone();
+        HashSet::new().insert(fid);
+        let mut set = [fid, fid, fid];
         set.sort_unstable();
         let mut set2 = BTreeSet::new();
-        set2.insert(did);
-        set2.insert(did);
+        set2.insert(fid);
+        set2.insert(fid);
 
         HashSet::new().insert(event::TouchPhase::Started.clone());
         HashSet::new().insert(event::MouseButton::Left.clone());
         HashSet::new().insert(event::Ime::Enabled);
 
-        let _ = event::Touch {
-            device_id: did,
-            phase: event::TouchPhase::Started,
-            location: (0.0, 0.0).into(),
-            finger_id: fid,
-            force: Some(event::Force::Normalized(0.0)),
-        }
-        .clone();
-        let _ =
-            event::Force::Calibrated { force: 0.0, max_possible_force: 0.0, altitude_angle: None }
-                .clone();
+        let _ = event::Force::Calibrated { force: 0.0, max_possible_force: 0.0 }.clone();
     }
 }

src/event_loop.rs

@@ -8,22 +8,24 @@
 //!
 //! See the root-level documentation for information on how to create and use an event loop to
 //! handle events.
-use std::any::Any;
 use std::fmt;
 use std::marker::PhantomData;
 #[cfg(any(x11_platform, wayland_platform))]
 use std::os::unix::io::{AsFd, AsRawFd, BorrowedFd, RawFd};
 use std::sync::atomic::{AtomicBool, AtomicUsize, Ordering};
+use std::sync::Arc;
 #[cfg(not(web_platform))]
 use std::time::{Duration, Instant};
 
+use rwh_06::{DisplayHandle, HandleError, HasDisplayHandle};
 #[cfg(web_platform)]
 use web_time::{Duration, Instant};
 
 use crate::application::ApplicationHandler;
-use crate::error::{EventLoopError, ExternalError, OsError};
+use crate::error::{EventLoopError, RequestError};
 use crate::monitor::MonitorHandle;
 use crate::platform_impl;
+use crate::utils::AsAny;
 use crate::window::{CustomCursor, CustomCursorSource, Theme, Window, WindowAttributes};
 
 /// Provides a way to retrieve events from the system and from the windows that were registered to
@@ -72,7 +74,7 @@ impl EventLoopBuilder {
     /// Attempting to create the event loop off the main thread will panic. This
     /// restriction isn't strictly necessary on all platforms, but is imposed to
     /// eliminate any nasty surprises when porting to platforms that require it.
-    /// `EventLoopBuilderExt::any_thread` functions are exposed in the relevant
+    /// `EventLoopBuilderExt::with_any_thread` functions are exposed in the relevant
     /// [`platform`] module if the target platform supports creating an event
     /// loop on any thread.
     ///
@@ -268,15 +270,14 @@ impl EventLoop {
     pub fn create_custom_cursor(
         &self,
         custom_cursor: CustomCursorSource,
-    ) -> Result<CustomCursor, ExternalError> {
+    ) -> Result<CustomCursor, RequestError> {
         self.event_loop.window_target().create_custom_cursor(custom_cursor)
     }
 }
 
-#[cfg(feature = "rwh_06")]
-impl rwh_06::HasDisplayHandle for EventLoop {
-    fn display_handle(&self) -> Result<rwh_06::DisplayHandle<'_>, rwh_06::HandleError> {
-        rwh_06::HasDisplayHandle::display_handle(self.event_loop.window_target().rwh_06_handle())
+impl HasDisplayHandle for EventLoop {
+    fn display_handle(&self) -> Result<DisplayHandle<'_>, HandleError> {
+        HasDisplayHandle::display_handle(self.event_loop.window_target().rwh_06_handle())
     }
 }
 
@@ -308,7 +309,7 @@ impl AsRawFd for EventLoop {
     }
 }
 
-pub trait ActiveEventLoop {
+pub trait ActiveEventLoop: AsAny {
     /// Creates an [`EventLoopProxy`] that can be used to dispatch user events
     /// to the main event loop, possibly from another thread.
     fn create_proxy(&self) -> EventLoopProxy;
@@ -321,7 +322,10 @@ pub trait ActiveEventLoop {
     ///
     /// - **Web:** The window is created but not inserted into the Web page automatically. Please
     ///   see the Web platform module for more information.
-    fn create_window(&self, window_attributes: WindowAttributes) -> Result<Window, OsError>;
+    fn create_window(
+        &self,
+        window_attributes: WindowAttributes,
+    ) -> Result<Box<dyn Window>, RequestError>;
 
     /// Create custom cursor.
     ///
@@ -331,7 +335,7 @@ pub trait ActiveEventLoop {
     fn create_custom_cursor(
         &self,
         custom_cursor: CustomCursorSource,
-    ) -> Result<CustomCursor, ExternalError>;
+    ) -> Result<CustomCursor, RequestError>;
 
     /// Returns the list of all the monitors available on the system.
     ///
@@ -403,19 +407,19 @@ pub trait ActiveEventLoop {
     /// See the [`OwnedDisplayHandle`] type for more information.
     fn owned_display_handle(&self) -> OwnedDisplayHandle;
 
-    /// Get the [`ActiveEventLoop`] as [`Any`].
-    ///
-    /// This is useful for downcasting to a concrete event loop type.
-    fn as_any(&self) -> &dyn Any;
-
     /// Get the raw-window-handle handle.
-    #[cfg(feature = "rwh_06")]
-    fn rwh_06_handle(&self) -> &dyn rwh_06::HasDisplayHandle;
+    fn rwh_06_handle(&self) -> &dyn HasDisplayHandle;
+}
+
+impl HasDisplayHandle for dyn ActiveEventLoop + '_ {
+    fn display_handle(&self) -> Result<DisplayHandle<'_>, HandleError> {
+        self.rwh_06_handle().display_handle()
+    }
 }
 
 /// A proxy for the underlying display handle.
 ///
-/// The purpose of this type is to provide a cheaply clonable handle to the underlying
+/// The purpose of this type is to provide a cheaply cloneable handle to the underlying
 /// display handle. This is often used by graphics APIs to connect to the underlying APIs.
 /// It is difficult to keep a handle to the [`EventLoop`] type or the [`ActiveEventLoop`]
 /// type. In contrast, this type involves no lifetimes and can be persisted for as long as
@@ -425,36 +429,55 @@ pub trait ActiveEventLoop {
 ///
 /// - A zero-sized type that is likely optimized out.
 /// - A reference-counted pointer to the underlying type.
-#[derive(Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+#[derive(Clone)]
 pub struct OwnedDisplayHandle {
-    #[cfg_attr(not(feature = "rwh_06"), allow(dead_code))]
-    pub(crate) platform: platform_impl::OwnedDisplayHandle,
+    pub(crate) handle: Arc<dyn HasDisplayHandle>,
+}
+
+impl OwnedDisplayHandle {
+    pub(crate) fn new(handle: Arc<dyn HasDisplayHandle>) -> Self {
+        Self { handle }
+    }
+}
+
+impl HasDisplayHandle for OwnedDisplayHandle {
+    fn display_handle(&self) -> Result<DisplayHandle<'_>, HandleError> {
+        self.handle.display_handle()
+    }
 }
 
 impl fmt::Debug for OwnedDisplayHandle {
-    #[inline]
     fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
         f.debug_struct("OwnedDisplayHandle").finish_non_exhaustive()
     }
 }
 
-#[cfg(feature = "rwh_06")]
-impl rwh_06::HasDisplayHandle for OwnedDisplayHandle {
-    #[inline]
-    fn display_handle(&self) -> Result<rwh_06::DisplayHandle<'_>, rwh_06::HandleError> {
-        let raw = self.platform.raw_display_handle_rwh_06()?;
-
-        // SAFETY: The underlying display handle should be safe.
-        let handle = unsafe { rwh_06::DisplayHandle::borrow_raw(raw) };
-
-        Ok(handle)
+impl PartialEq for OwnedDisplayHandle {
+    fn eq(&self, other: &Self) -> bool {
+        match (self.display_handle(), other.display_handle()) {
+            (Ok(lhs), Ok(rhs)) => lhs == rhs,
+            _ => false,
+        }
     }
 }
 
+impl Eq for OwnedDisplayHandle {}
+
+pub(crate) trait EventLoopProxyProvider: Send + Sync {
+    /// See [`EventLoopProxy::wake_up`] for details.
+    fn wake_up(&self);
+}
+
 /// Control the [`EventLoop`], possibly from a different thread, without referencing it directly.
 #[derive(Clone)]
 pub struct EventLoopProxy {
-    pub(crate) event_loop_proxy: platform_impl::EventLoopProxy,
+    pub(crate) proxy: Arc<dyn EventLoopProxyProvider>,
+}
+
+impl fmt::Debug for EventLoopProxy {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
+        f.debug_struct("EventLoopProxy").finish_non_exhaustive()
+    }
 }
 
 impl EventLoopProxy {
@@ -474,13 +497,11 @@ impl EventLoopProxy {
     ///
     /// [#3687]: https://github.com/rust-windowing/winit/pull/3687
     pub fn wake_up(&self) {
-        self.event_loop_proxy.wake_up();
+        self.proxy.wake_up();
     }
-}
 
-impl fmt::Debug for EventLoopProxy {
-    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
-        f.debug_struct("ActiveEventLoop").finish_non_exhaustive()
+    pub(crate) fn new(proxy: Arc<dyn EventLoopProxyProvider>) -> Self {
+        Self { proxy }
     }
 }
 

src/lib.rs

@@ -1,5 +1,59 @@
 //! Winit is a cross-platform window creation and event loop management library.
 //!
+//! # Usage
+//!
+//! `winit` can be added to `Cargo.toml` as a dependency. It can be added via `cargo add`.
+//!
+//! ```bash
+//! $ cargo add winit
+//! ```
+//!
+//! To only enable the X11 backend on Free Unix[^unix] systems, disable default features
+//! and enable the `x11` feature.
+//!
+//! ```bash
+//! $ cargo add winit --no-default-features --features x11
+//! ```
+//!
+//! To only enable the Wayland backend on Free Unix systems, disable default features
+//! and enable the `wayland` feature.
+//!
+//! ```bash
+//! $ cargo add winit --no-default-features --features wayland
+//! ```
+//!
+//! These features have no effect on systems that are not Free Unix.
+//!
+//! ## Dependencies
+//!
+//! Dependencies on non-system libraries is managed through Cargo. For the X11
+//! backend, the following Ubuntu packages or their equivalents must[^must] be installed.
+//!
+//! - `libx11-dev`
+//! - `libxcb1-dev`
+//! - `libxi-dev`
+//! - `libxcbcommon-dev`
+//! - `libxcbcommon-x11-dev`
+//!
+//! For the Wayland backend, the following Ubuntu packages or their equivalents
+//! must be installed.
+//!
+//! - `libwayland-dev`
+//! - `libxcbcommon-dev`
+//! - `libfontconfig` (only with `sctk-adwaita` feature)
+//! - `freetype` (only with `sctk-adwaita` feature)
+//!
+//! The "dev" packages are only needed for building binaries that use `winit`. On
+//! deployed system the non-`dev` equivalents need to be installed.
+//!
+//! The other backends (Windows, macOS, etc) do not have any dependencies on system libraries
+//! that don't already come with the operating system. However, note that the Windows backend
+//! only supports Windows 10 and above, and the macOS backend only supports macOS
+//! 10.14 and above.
+//!
+//! [^unix]: Unix systems outside of Android and Apple, like Linux or FreeBSD.
+//! [^must]: This is not a "must" when the "dlopen" features are enabled
+//!
 //! # Building windows
 //!
 //! Before you can create a [`Window`], you first need to build an [`EventLoop`]. This is done with
@@ -7,7 +61,12 @@
 //!
 //! ```no_run
 //! use winit::event_loop::EventLoop;
-//! let event_loop = EventLoop::new().unwrap();
+//!
+//! # // Intentionally use `fn main` for clarity
+//! fn main() {
+//!     let event_loop = EventLoop::new().unwrap();
+//!     // ...
+//! }
 //! ```
 //!
 //! Then you create a [`Window`] with [`create_window`].
@@ -44,16 +103,16 @@
 //! use winit::application::ApplicationHandler;
 //! use winit::event::WindowEvent;
 //! use winit::event_loop::{ActiveEventLoop, ControlFlow, EventLoop};
-//! use winit::window::{Window, WindowId};
+//! use winit::window::{Window, WindowId, WindowAttributes};
 //!
 //! #[derive(Default)]
 //! struct App {
-//!     window: Option<Window>,
+//!     window: Option<Box<dyn Window>>,
 //! }
 //!
 //! impl ApplicationHandler for App {
 //!     fn can_create_surfaces(&mut self, event_loop: &dyn ActiveEventLoop) {
-//!         self.window = Some(event_loop.create_window(Window::default_attributes()).unwrap());
+//!         self.window = Some(event_loop.create_window(WindowAttributes::default()).unwrap());
 //!     }
 //!
 //!     fn window_event(&mut self, event_loop: &dyn ActiveEventLoop, id: WindowId, event: WindowEvent) {
@@ -83,19 +142,22 @@
 //!     }
 //! }
 //!
-//! let event_loop = EventLoop::new().unwrap();
+//! # // Intentionally use `fn main` for clarity
+//! fn main() {
+//!     let event_loop = EventLoop::new().unwrap();
 //!
-//! // ControlFlow::Poll continuously runs the event loop, even if the OS hasn't
-//! // dispatched any events. This is ideal for games and similar applications.
-//! event_loop.set_control_flow(ControlFlow::Poll);
+//!     // ControlFlow::Poll continuously runs the event loop, even if the OS hasn't
+//!     // dispatched any events. This is ideal for games and similar applications.
+//!     event_loop.set_control_flow(ControlFlow::Poll);
 //!
-//! // ControlFlow::Wait pauses the event loop if no events are available to process.
-//! // This is ideal for non-game applications that only update in response to user
-//! // input, and uses significantly less power/CPU time than ControlFlow::Poll.
-//! event_loop.set_control_flow(ControlFlow::Wait);
+//!     // ControlFlow::Wait pauses the event loop if no events are available to process.
+//!     // This is ideal for non-game applications that only update in response to user
+//!     // input, and uses significantly less power/CPU time than ControlFlow::Poll.
+//!     event_loop.set_control_flow(ControlFlow::Wait);
 //!
-//! let mut app = App::default();
-//! event_loop.run_app(&mut app);
+//!     let mut app = App::default();
+//!     event_loop.run_app(&mut app);
+//! }
 //! ```
 //!
 //! [`WindowEvent`] has a [`WindowId`] member. In multi-window environments, it should be
@@ -115,6 +177,45 @@
 //! [`visible` set to `false`][crate::window::WindowAttributes::with_visible] and explicitly make
 //! the window visible only once you're ready to render into it.
 //!
+//! There is another important concept you need to know about when drawing: the "safe area". This
+//! can be accessed with [`Window::safe_area`], and describes a rectangle in the surface that is not
+//! obscured by notches, the status bar, and so on. You should be drawing your background and
+//! non-important content on the entire surface, but restrict important content (such as
+//! interactable UIs, text, etc.) to only being drawn inside the safe area.
+//!
+//! [`Window::safe_area`]: crate::window::Window::safe_area
+//!
+//! # Coordinate systems
+//!
+//! Windowing systems use many different coordinate systems, and this is reflected in Winit as well;
+//! there are "desktop coordinates", which is the coordinates of a window or monitor relative to the
+//! desktop at large, "window coordinates" which is the coordinates of the surface, relative to the
+//! window, and finally "surface coordinates", which is the coordinates relative to the drawn
+//! surface. All of these coordinates are relative to the top-left corner of their respective
+//! origin.
+//!
+//! Most of the functionality in Winit works with surface coordinates, so usually you only need to
+//! concern yourself with those. In case you need to convert to some other coordinate system, Winit
+//! provides [`Window::surface_position`] and [`Window::surface_size`] to describe the surface's
+//! location in window coordinates, and Winit provides [`Window::outer_position`] and
+//! [`Window::outer_size`] to describe the window's location in desktop coordinates. Using these
+//! methods, you should be able to convert a position in one coordinate system to another.
+//!
+//! An overview of how these four methods fit together can be seen in the image below:
+#![doc = concat!("\n\n", include_str!("../docs/res/coordinate-systems-desktop.svg"), "\n\n")] // Rustfmt removes \n, adding them like this works around that.
+//! On mobile, the situation is usually a bit different; because of the smaller screen space,
+//! windows usually fill the whole screen at a time, and as such there is _rarely_ a difference
+//! between these three coordinate systems, although you should still strive to handle this, as
+//! they're still relevant in more niche area such as Mac Catalyst, or multi-tasking on tablets.
+//!
+//! This is illustrated in the image below, along with the safe area since it's often relevant on
+//! mobile.
+#![doc = concat!("\n\n", include_str!("../docs/res/coordinate-systems-mobile.svg"), "\n\n")] // Rustfmt removes \n, adding them like this works around that.
+//! [`Window::surface_position`]: crate::window::Window::surface_position
+//! [`Window::surface_size`]: crate::window::Window::surface_size
+//! [`Window::outer_position`]: crate::window::Window::outer_position
+//! [`Window::outer_size`]: crate::window::Window::outer_size
+//!
 //! # UI scaling
 //!
 //! UI scaling is important, go read the docs for the [`dpi`] crate for an
@@ -147,6 +248,62 @@
 //! See the [`platform`] module for documentation on platform-specific cargo
 //! features.
 //!
+//! # Platform/Architecture Support
+//!
+//! Platform support on `winit` has two tiers: Tier 1 and Tier 2.
+//!
+//! - Tier 1 is **guaranteed to work**. Targets in this tier are actively tested both in CI and by
+//!   maintainers.
+//! - Tier 2 is **guaranteed to build**. Code compilation is tested in CI, but deeper testing is not
+//!   done.
+//!
+//! Please open an issue if you would like to add a Tier 2 target, or if you would
+//! like a Tier 2 target moved to Tier 1.
+//!
+//! ## Tier 1 Targets
+//!
+//! |Target Name                    |Target Triple                       |APIs           |
+//! |-------------------------------|------------------------------------|---------------|
+//! |32-Bit x86 Windows with MSVC   |`i686-pc-windows-msvc`              |Win32          |
+//! |64-Bit x86 Windows with MSVC   |`x86_64-pc-windows-msvc`            |Win32          |
+//! |32-Bit x86 Windows with glibc  |`i686-pc-windows-gnu`               |Win32          |
+//! |64-Bit x86 Windows with glibc  |`x86_64-pc-windows-gnu`             |Win32          |
+//! |32-Bit x86 Linux with glibc    |`i686-unknown-linux-gnu`            |X11, Wayland   |
+//! |64-Bit x86 Linux with glibc    |`x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu`          |X11, Wayland   |
+//! |64-Bit ARM Android             |`aarch64-linux-android`             |Android        |
+//! |64-Bit x86 Redox OS            |`x86_64-unknown-redox`              |Orbital        |
+//! |32-Bit x86 Redox OS            |`i686-unknown-redox`                |Orbital        |
+//! |64-Bit ARM Redox OS            |`aarch64-unknown-redox`             |Orbital        |
+//! |64-bit x64 macOS               |`x86_64-apple-darwin`               |AppKit         |
+//! |64-bit ARM macOS               |`aarch64-apple-darwin`              |AppKit         |
+//! |32-bit Wasm Web browser        |`wasm32-unknown-unknown`            |`wasm-bindgen` |
+//!
+//! ## Tier 2 Targets
+//!
+//! |Target Name                         |Target Triple                       |APIs           |
+//! |------------------------------------|------------------------------------|---------------|
+//! |64-Bit ARM Windows with MSVC        |`aarch64-pc-windows-msvc`           |Win32          |
+//! |32-Bit x86 Windows 7 with MSVC      |`i686-win7-windows-msvc`            |Win32          |
+//! |64-Bit x86 Windows 7 with MSVC      |`x86_64-win7-windows-msvc`          |Win32          |
+//! |64-bit x86 Linux with Musl          |`x86_64-unknown-linux-musl`         |X11, Wayland   |
+//! |64-bit x86 Linux with 32-bit glibc  |`x86_64-unknown-linux-gnux32`       |X11, Wayland   |
+//! |64-bit x86 Android                  |`x86_64-linux-android`              |Android        |
+//! |64-bit x64 iOS                      |`x86_64-apple-ios`                  |UIKit          |
+//! |64-bit ARM iOS                      |`aarch64-apple-ios`                 |UIKit          |
+//! |64-bit ARM Mac Catalyst             |`aarch64-apple-ios-macabi`          |UIKit          |
+//! |32-bit x86 Android                  |`i686-linux-android`                |Android        |
+//! |64-bit x86 FreeBSD                  |`x86_64-unknown-freebsd`            |X11, Wayland   |
+//! |64-bit x86 NetBSD                   |`x86_64-unknown-netbsd`             |X11            |
+//! |32-bit x86 Linux with Musl          |`i686-unknown-linux-musl`           |X11, Wayland   |
+//! |64-bit RISC-V Linux with glibc      |`riscv64gc-unknown-linux-gnu`       |X11, Wayland   |
+//! |64-bit ARM Linux with glibc         |`aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu`         |X11, Wayland   |
+//! |64-bit ARM Linux with Musl          |`aarch64-unknown-linux-musl`        |X11, Wayland   |
+//! |64-bit PowerPC Linux with glibc     |`powerpc64le-unknown-linux-gnu`     |X11, Wayland   |
+//! |32-Bit ARM Linux with glibc         |`armv5te-unknown-linux-gnueabi`     |X11, Wayland   |
+//! |64-Bit Linux on IBM Supercomputers  |`s390x-unknown-linux-gnu`           |X11, Wayland   |
+//! |32-bit ARM Android                  |`arm-linux-androideabi`             |Android        |
+//! |64-bit SPARC Linux with glibc       |`sparc64-unknown-linux-gnu`         |X11, Wayland   |
+//!
 //! [`EventLoop`]: event_loop::EventLoop
 //! [`EventLoop::new()`]: event_loop::EventLoop::new
 //! [`EventLoop::run_app()`]: event_loop::EventLoop::run_app
@@ -174,11 +331,11 @@
 // doc
 #![cfg_attr(docsrs, feature(doc_auto_cfg, doc_cfg_hide), doc(cfg_hide(doc, docsrs)))]
 #![allow(clippy::missing_safety_doc)]
+#![warn(clippy::uninlined_format_args)]
 
 // Re-export DPI types so that users don't have to put it in Cargo.toml.
 #[doc(inline)]
 pub use dpi;
-#[cfg(feature = "rwh_06")]
 pub use rwh_06 as raw_window_handle;
 
 pub mod application;

src/monitor.rs

@@ -1,18 +1,12 @@
 //! Types useful for interacting with a user's monitors.
-//!
-//! If you want to get basic information about a monitor, you can use the
-//! [`MonitorHandle`] type. This is retrieved from one of the following
-//! methods, which return an iterator of [`MonitorHandle`]:
-//! - [`ActiveEventLoop::available_monitors`][crate::event_loop::ActiveEventLoop::available_monitors].
-//! - [`Window::available_monitors`][crate::window::Window::available_monitors].
 use std::num::{NonZeroU16, NonZeroU32};
 
 use crate::dpi::{PhysicalPosition, PhysicalSize};
 use crate::platform_impl;
 
-/// Describes a fullscreen video mode of a monitor.
+/// A handle to a fullscreen video mode of a specific monitor.
 ///
-/// Can be acquired with [`MonitorHandle::video_modes`].
+/// This can be acquired with [`MonitorHandle::video_modes`].
 #[derive(Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
 pub struct VideoModeHandle {
     pub(crate) video_mode: platform_impl::VideoModeHandle,
@@ -47,9 +41,9 @@ impl Ord for VideoModeHandle {
 
 impl VideoModeHandle {
     /// Returns the resolution of this video mode. This **must not** be used to create your
-    /// rendering surface. Use [`Window::inner_size()`] instead.
+    /// rendering surface. Use [`Window::surface_size()`] instead.
     ///
-    /// [`Window::inner_size()`]: crate::window::Window::inner_size
+    /// [`Window::surface_size()`]: crate::window::Window::surface_size
     #[inline]
     pub fn size(&self) -> PhysicalSize<u32> {
         self.video_mode.size()
@@ -92,7 +86,15 @@ impl std::fmt::Display for VideoModeHandle {
 
 /// Handle to a monitor.
 ///
-/// Allows you to retrieve information about a given monitor and can be used in [`Window`] creation.
+/// Allows you to retrieve basic information and metadata about a monitor.
+///
+/// Can be used in [`Window`] creation to place the window on a specific
+/// monitor.
+///
+/// This can be retrieved from one of the following methods, which return an
+/// iterator of [`MonitorHandle`]s:
+/// - [`ActiveEventLoop::available_monitors`](crate::event_loop::ActiveEventLoop::available_monitors).
+/// - [`Window::available_monitors`](crate::window::Window::available_monitors).
 ///
 /// ## Platform-specific
 ///
@@ -141,8 +143,11 @@ impl MonitorHandle {
         self.inner.name()
     }
 
-    /// Returns the top-left corner position of the monitor relative to the larger full
-    /// screen area.
+    /// Returns the top-left corner position of the monitor in desktop coordinates.
+    ///
+    /// This position is in the same coordinate system as [`Window::outer_position`].
+    ///
+    /// [`Window::outer_position`]: crate::window::Window::outer_position
     ///
     /// ## Platform-specific
     ///

src/platform/android.rs

@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@
 //! If your application is currently based on `NativeActivity` via the `ndk-glue` crate and building
 //! with `cargo apk`, then the minimal changes would be:
 //! 1. Remove `ndk-glue` from your `Cargo.toml`
-//! 2. Enable the `"android-native-activity"` feature for Winit: `winit = { version = "0.30.4",
+//! 2. Enable the `"android-native-activity"` feature for Winit: `winit = { version = "0.30.5",
 //!    features = [ "android-native-activity" ] }`
 //! 3. Add an `android_main` entrypoint (as above), instead of using the '`[ndk_glue::main]` proc
 //!    macro from `ndk-macros` (optionally add a dependency on `android_logger` and initialize
@@ -99,17 +99,19 @@ pub trait WindowExtAndroid {
     fn config(&self) -> ConfigurationRef;
 }
 
-impl WindowExtAndroid for Window {
+impl WindowExtAndroid for dyn Window + '_ {
     fn content_rect(&self) -> Rect {
-        self.window.content_rect()
+        let window = self.as_any().downcast_ref::<crate::platform_impl::Window>().unwrap();
+        window.content_rect()
     }
 
     fn config(&self) -> ConfigurationRef {
-        self.window.config()
+        let window = self.as_any().downcast_ref::<crate::platform_impl::Window>().unwrap();
+        window.config()
     }
 }
 
-impl ActiveEventLoopExtAndroid for &dyn ActiveEventLoop {
+impl ActiveEventLoopExtAndroid for dyn ActiveEventLoop + '_ {
     fn android_app(&self) -> &AndroidApp {
         let event_loop =
             self.as_any().downcast_ref::<crate::platform_impl::ActiveEventLoop>().unwrap();

src/platform/ios.rs

@@ -1,51 +1,79 @@
 //! # iOS / UIKit
 //!
-//! Winit has an OS requirement of iOS 8 or higher, and is regularly tested on
-//! iOS 9.3.
+//! Winit has [the same iOS version requirements as `rustc`][rustc-ios-version], although it's
+//! frequently only tested on newer iOS versions.
 //!
-//! iOS's main `UIApplicationMain` does some init work that's required by all
-//! UI-related code (see issue [#1705]). It is best to create your windows
-//! inside `Event::Resumed`.
+//! [rustc-ios-version]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/rustc/platform-support/apple-ios.html#os-version
 //!
-//! [#1705]: https://github.com/rust-windowing/winit/issues/1705
+//! ## Running on Mac Catalyst
 //!
-//! ## Building app
+//! Mac Catalyst allows running applications using UIKit on macOS, which can be very useful for
+//! testing. See [`rustc`'s documentation on Mac Catalyst][rustc-mac-catalyst] for details on how to
+//! use these targets. To use these with Winit, you'll need to bundle your application before
+//! running it, otherwise UIKit will exit with an error.
 //!
-//! To build ios app you will need rustc built for this targets:
+//! To run e.g. the `window` example in the Winit repository, you can use [`cargo-bundle`] as
+//! follows:
 //!
-//!  - armv7-apple-ios
-//!  - armv7s-apple-ios
-//!  - i386-apple-ios
-//!  - aarch64-apple-ios
-//!  - x86_64-apple-ios
-//!
-//! Then
-//!
-//! ```
-//! cargo build --target=...
-//! ```
-//! The simplest way to integrate your app into xcode environment is to build it
-//! as a static library. Wrap your main function and export it.
-//!
-//! ```rust, ignore
-//! #[no_mangle]
-//! pub extern fn start_winit_app() {
-//!     start_inner()
-//! }
-//!
-//! fn start_inner() {
-//!    ...
-//! }
+//! ```console
+//! $ cargo +nightly bundle --format=ios --target=aarch64-apple-ios-macabi --example=window
+//! $ ./target/aarch64-apple-ios-macabi/debug/examples/bundle/ios/winit.app/window
 //! ```
 //!
-//! Compile project and then drag resulting .a into Xcode project. Add winit.h to xcode.
+//! [rustc-mac-catalyst]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/rustc/platform-support/apple-ios-macabi.html
+//! [`cargo-bundle`]: https://github.com/burtonageo/cargo-bundle
 //!
-//! ```ignore
-//! void start_winit_app();
+//! ## Introduction to building an app
+//!
+//! Building and running your application in the iOS simulator, or on a real device, is a bit more
+//! complicated than Mac Catalyst - fundamentally, you must use Xcode, since the binary needs to be
+//! bundled, signed, notarized and uploaded to the device (there is [an open source work-in-progress
+//! on re-implementing parts of this][apple-platform-rs], but the user-story around it is not yet
+//! clear).
+//!
+//! This means that you're left with effectively two options: Use a tool that manages the Xcode
+//! configuration for you, or use Xcode directly. [`cargo-dinghy`] and [`cargo-mobile2`] are notable
+//! projects in the ecosystem that attempt the former, and [`cargo-xcode`] is an excellent project
+//! that attempts the latter. We will also attempt to describe here how you would go about using
+//! Xcode directly:
+//!
+//! First off, you'll need the correct Rust targets, see [`rustc`'s documentation on iOS][rustc-ios]
+//! for details. Nowadays, the correct targets are usually `aarch64-apple-ios-sim` for the
+//! simulator, and `aarch64-apple-ios` for the actual device.
+//!
+//! Next, create a new Xcode project using the "App" template. The exact configuration does not
+//! really matter, as we're going to delete most of it, since it's tailored for Objective-C and/or
+//! Swift, and Rust/Winit is neither. Specifically, we need to delete:
+//! - Everything relating to storyboards (unless you want to use e.g. a launch screen). This
+//!   includes the relevant keys in `Info.plist`.
+//! - All the generated C header, Objective-C and/or Swift files.
+//!
+//! Now that we have a fairly clean slate that we can build upon, you can add a "run script" build
+//! phase to your Xcode target, which will get invoked instead of the "compile sources" and "link
+//! binary" steps. The basic script should look something like:
+//!
+//! ```sh
+//! # Build desired targets based on `ARCHS` environment variable
+//! cargo build --target=aarch64-apple-ios --target=armv7s-apple-ios
+//! # Merge these with `lipo`, and place the result in "$TARGET_BUILD_DIR/$EXECUTABLE_PATH", which
+//! # is understood by Xcode
+//! lipo "$TARGET_BUILD_DIR/$EXECUTABLE_PATH" target/aarch64-apple-ios/debug/my_app target/armv7s-apple-ios/debug/my_app
 //! ```
 //!
-//! Use start_winit_app inside your xcode's main function.
+//! Note that this is very much the overall idea; the script needs to be much more involved to
+//! properly deal with different target architectures, invoking `lipo` when needed, incremental
+//! rebuild change detection, and so on. `cargo-xcode` has a script [here][cargo-xcode-script] that
+//! handles most of this complexity, you might be able to build upon that.
 //!
+//! Apologies that we're not able to provide you with more than this; work is in-progress on
+//! improving the situation, but it's slow-going.
+//!
+//! [apple-platform-rs]: https://github.com/indygreg/apple-platform-rs
+//! [`cargo-dinghy`]: https://github.com/sonos/dinghy
+//! [`cargo-mobile2`]: https://github.com/tauri-apps/cargo-mobile2
+//! [`cargo-xcode`]: https://crates.io/crates/cargo-xcode
+//! [rustc-ios]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/rustc/platform-support/apple-ios.html
+//! [cargo-xcode-script]: https://gitlab.com/kornelski/cargo-xcode/-/blob/main/src/xcodebuild.sh
 //!
 //! ## App lifecycle and events
 //!
@@ -63,6 +91,16 @@
 //! opengl will result in segfault.
 //!
 //! Also note that app may not receive the LoopExiting event if suspended; it might be SIGKILL'ed.
+//!
+//! ## Custom `UIApplicationDelegate`
+//!
+//! Winit usually handles everything related to the lifecycle events of the application. Sometimes,
+//! though, you might want to access some of the more niche stuff that [the application
+//! delegate][app-delegate] provides. This functionality is not exposed directly in Winit, since it
+//! would increase the API surface by quite a lot. Instead, Winit guarantees that it will not
+//! register an application delegate, so you can set up a custom one in a nib file instead.
+//!
+//! [app-delegate]: https://developer.apple.com/documentation/uikit/uiapplicationdelegate?language=objc
 
 use std::os::raw::c_void;
 
@@ -171,42 +209,49 @@ pub trait WindowExtIOS {
     fn recognize_rotation_gesture(&self, should_recognize: bool);
 }
 
-impl WindowExtIOS for Window {
+impl WindowExtIOS for dyn Window + '_ {
     #[inline]
     fn set_scale_factor(&self, scale_factor: f64) {
-        self.window.maybe_queue_on_main(move |w| w.set_scale_factor(scale_factor))
+        let window = self.as_any().downcast_ref::<crate::platform_impl::Window>().unwrap();
+        window.maybe_wait_on_main(move |w| w.set_scale_factor(scale_factor));
     }
 
     #[inline]
     fn set_valid_orientations(&self, valid_orientations: ValidOrientations) {
-        self.window.maybe_queue_on_main(move |w| w.set_valid_orientations(valid_orientations))
+        let window = self.as_any().downcast_ref::<crate::platform_impl::Window>().unwrap();
+        window.maybe_wait_on_main(move |w| w.set_valid_orientations(valid_orientations));
     }
 
     #[inline]
     fn set_prefers_home_indicator_hidden(&self, hidden: bool) {
-        self.window.maybe_queue_on_main(move |w| w.set_prefers_home_indicator_hidden(hidden))
+        let window = self.as_any().downcast_ref::<crate::platform_impl::Window>().unwrap();
+        window.maybe_wait_on_main(move |w| w.set_prefers_home_indicator_hidden(hidden));
     }
 
     #[inline]
     fn set_preferred_screen_edges_deferring_system_gestures(&self, edges: ScreenEdge) {
-        self.window.maybe_queue_on_main(move |w| {
+        let window = self.as_any().downcast_ref::<crate::platform_impl::Window>().unwrap();
+        window.maybe_wait_on_main(move |w| {
             w.set_preferred_screen_edges_deferring_system_gestures(edges)
-        })
+        });
     }
 
     #[inline]
     fn set_prefers_status_bar_hidden(&self, hidden: bool) {
-        self.window.maybe_queue_on_main(move |w| w.set_prefers_status_bar_hidden(hidden))
+        let window = self.as_any().downcast_ref::<crate::platform_impl::Window>().unwrap();
+        window.maybe_wait_on_main(move |w| w.set_prefers_status_bar_hidden(hidden));
     }
 
     #[inline]
     fn set_preferred_status_bar_style(&self, status_bar_style: StatusBarStyle) {
-        self.window.maybe_queue_on_main(move |w| w.set_preferred_status_bar_style(status_bar_style))
+        let window = self.as_any().downcast_ref::<crate::platform_impl::Window>().unwrap();
+        window.maybe_wait_on_main(move |w| w.set_preferred_status_bar_style(status_bar_style))
     }
 
     #[inline]
     fn recognize_pinch_gesture(&self, should_recognize: bool) {
-        self.window.maybe_queue_on_main(move |w| w.recognize_pinch_gesture(should_recognize));
+        let window = self.as_any().downcast_ref::<crate::platform_impl::Window>().unwrap();
+        window.maybe_wait_on_main(move |w| w.recognize_pinch_gesture(should_recognize));
     }
 
     #[inline]
@@ -216,7 +261,8 @@ impl WindowExtIOS for Window {
         minimum_number_of_touches: u8,
         maximum_number_of_touches: u8,
     ) {
-        self.window.maybe_queue_on_main(move |w| {
+        let window = self.as_any().downcast_ref::<crate::platform_impl::Window>().unwrap();
+        window.maybe_wait_on_main(move |w| {
             w.recognize_pan_gesture(
                 should_recognize,
                 minimum_number_of_touches,
@@ -227,12 +273,14 @@ impl WindowExtIOS for Window {
 
     #[inline]
     fn recognize_doubletap_gesture(&self, should_recognize: bool) {
-        self.window.maybe_queue_on_main(move |w| w.recognize_doubletap_gesture(should_recognize));
+        let window = self.as_any().downcast_ref::<crate::platform_impl::Window>().unwrap();
+        window.maybe_wait_on_main(move |w| w.recognize_doubletap_gesture(should_recognize));
     }
 
     #[inline]
     fn recognize_rotation_gesture(&self, should_recognize: bool) {
-        self.window.maybe_queue_on_main(move |w| w.recognize_rotation_gesture(should_recognize));
+        let window = self.as_any().downcast_ref::<crate::platform_impl::Window>().unwrap();
+        window.maybe_wait_on_main(move |w| w.recognize_rotation_gesture(should_recognize));
     }
 }
 

src/platform/macos.rs

@@ -1,27 +1,84 @@
 //! # macOS / AppKit
 //!
-//! Winit has an OS requirement of macOS 10.11 or higher (same as Rust
-//! itself), and is regularly tested on macOS 10.14.
+//! Winit has [the same macOS version requirements as `rustc`][rustc-macos-version], and is tested
+//! once in a while on as low as macOS 10.14.
 //!
-//! A lot of functionality expects the application to be ready before you
-//! start doing anything; this includes creating windows, fetching monitors,
-//! drawing, and so on, see issues [#2238], [#2051] and [#2087].
+//! [rustc-macos-version]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/rustc/platform-support/apple-darwin.html#os-version
 //!
-//! If you encounter problems, you should try doing your initialization inside
-//! `Event::Resumed`.
+//! ## Custom `NSApplicationDelegate`
 //!
-//! [#2238]: https://github.com/rust-windowing/winit/issues/2238
-//! [#2051]: https://github.com/rust-windowing/winit/issues/2051
-//! [#2087]: https://github.com/rust-windowing/winit/issues/2087
+//! Winit usually handles everything related to the lifecycle events of the application. Sometimes,
+//! though, you might want to do more niche stuff, such as [handle when the user re-activates the
+//! application][reopen]. Such functionality is not exposed directly in Winit, since it would
+//! increase the API surface by quite a lot.
+//!
+//! [reopen]: https://developer.apple.com/documentation/appkit/nsapplicationdelegate/1428638-applicationshouldhandlereopen?language=objc
+//!
+//! Instead, Winit guarantees that it will not register an application delegate, so the solution is
+//! to register your own application delegate, as outlined in the following example (see
+//! `objc2-app-kit` for more detailed information).
+#![cfg_attr(target_os = "macos", doc = "```")]
+#![cfg_attr(not(target_os = "macos"), doc = "```ignore")]
+//! use objc2::rc::Retained;
+//! use objc2::runtime::ProtocolObject;
+//! use objc2::{declare_class, msg_send_id, mutability, ClassType, DeclaredClass};
+//! use objc2_app_kit::{NSApplication, NSApplicationDelegate};
+//! use objc2_foundation::{NSArray, NSURL, MainThreadMarker, NSObject, NSObjectProtocol};
+//! use winit::event_loop::EventLoop;
+//!
+//! declare_class!(
+//!     struct AppDelegate;
+//!
+//!     unsafe impl ClassType for AppDelegate {
+//!         type Super = NSObject;
+//!         type Mutability = mutability::MainThreadOnly;
+//!         const NAME: &'static str = "MyAppDelegate";
+//!     }
+//!
+//!     impl DeclaredClass for AppDelegate {}
+//!
+//!     unsafe impl NSObjectProtocol for AppDelegate {}
+//!
+//!     unsafe impl NSApplicationDelegate for AppDelegate {
+//!         #[method(application:openURLs:)]
+//!         fn application_openURLs(&self, application: &NSApplication, urls: &NSArray<NSURL>) {
+//!             // Note: To specifically get `application:openURLs:` to work, you _might_
+//!             // have to bundle your application. This is not done in this example.
+//!             println!("open urls: {application:?}, {urls:?}");
+//!         }
+//!     }
+//! );
+//!
+//! impl AppDelegate {
+//!     fn new(mtm: MainThreadMarker) -> Retained<Self> {
+//!         unsafe { msg_send_id![super(mtm.alloc().set_ivars(())), init] }
+//!     }
+//! }
+//!
+//! fn main() -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
+//!     let event_loop = EventLoop::new()?;
+//!
+//!     let mtm = MainThreadMarker::new().unwrap();
+//!     let delegate = AppDelegate::new(mtm);
+//!     // Important: Call `sharedApplication` after `EventLoop::new`,
+//!     // doing it before is not yet supported.
+//!     let app = NSApplication::sharedApplication(mtm);
+//!     app.setDelegate(Some(ProtocolObject::from_ref(&*delegate)));
+//!
+//!     // event_loop.run_app(&mut my_app);
+//!     Ok(())
+//! }
+//! ```
 
 use std::os::raw::c_void;
 
 #[cfg(feature = "serde")]
 use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
 
+use crate::application::ApplicationHandler;
 use crate::event_loop::{ActiveEventLoop, EventLoopBuilder};
 use crate::monitor::MonitorHandle;
-use crate::window::{Window, WindowAttributes};
+use crate::window::{Window, WindowAttributes, WindowId};
 
 /// Additional methods on [`Window`] that are specific to MacOS.
 pub trait WindowExtMacOS {
@@ -35,6 +92,9 @@ pub trait WindowExtMacOS {
     /// This is how fullscreen used to work on macOS in versions before Lion.
     /// And allows the user to have a fullscreen window without using another
     /// space or taking control over the entire monitor.
+    ///
+    /// Make sure you only draw your important content inside the safe area so that it does not
+    /// overlap with the notch on newer devices, see [`Window::safe_area`] for details.
     fn set_simple_fullscreen(&self, fullscreen: bool) -> bool;
 
     /// Returns whether or not the window has shadow.
@@ -94,77 +154,128 @@ pub trait WindowExtMacOS {
 
     /// Getter for the [`WindowExtMacOS::set_option_as_alt`].
     fn option_as_alt(&self) -> OptionAsAlt;
+
+    /// Disable the Menu Bar and Dock in Borderless Fullscreen mode. Useful for games.
+    fn set_borderless_game(&self, borderless_game: bool);
+
+    /// Getter for the [`WindowExtMacOS::set_borderless_game`].
+    fn is_borderless_game(&self) -> bool;
+
+    /// Makes the titlebar bigger, effectively adding more space around the
+    /// window controls if the titlebar is invisible.
+    fn set_unified_titlebar(&self, unified_titlebar: bool);
+
+    /// Getter for the [`WindowExtMacOS::set_unified_titlebar`].
+    fn unified_titlebar(&self) -> bool;
 }
 
-impl WindowExtMacOS for Window {
+impl WindowExtMacOS for dyn Window + '_ {
     #[inline]
     fn simple_fullscreen(&self) -> bool {
-        self.window.maybe_wait_on_main(|w| w.simple_fullscreen())
+        let window = self.as_any().downcast_ref::<crate::platform_impl::Window>().unwrap();
+        window.maybe_wait_on_main(|w| w.simple_fullscreen())
     }
 
     #[inline]
     fn set_simple_fullscreen(&self, fullscreen: bool) -> bool {
-        self.window.maybe_wait_on_main(move |w| w.set_simple_fullscreen(fullscreen))
+        let window = self.as_any().downcast_ref::<crate::platform_impl::Window>().unwrap();
+        window.maybe_wait_on_main(move |w| w.set_simple_fullscreen(fullscreen))
     }
 
     #[inline]
     fn has_shadow(&self) -> bool {
-        self.window.maybe_wait_on_main(|w| w.has_shadow())
+        let window = self.as_any().downcast_ref::<crate::platform_impl::Window>().unwrap();
+        window.maybe_wait_on_main(|w| w.has_shadow())
     }
 
     #[inline]
     fn set_has_shadow(&self, has_shadow: bool) {
-        self.window.maybe_queue_on_main(move |w| w.set_has_shadow(has_shadow))
+        let window = self.as_any().downcast_ref::<crate::platform_impl::Window>().unwrap();
+        window.maybe_wait_on_main(move |w| w.set_has_shadow(has_shadow));
     }
 
     #[inline]
     fn set_tabbing_identifier(&self, identifier: &str) {
-        self.window.maybe_wait_on_main(|w| w.set_tabbing_identifier(identifier))
+        let window = self.as_any().downcast_ref::<crate::platform_impl::Window>().unwrap();
+        window.maybe_wait_on_main(|w| w.set_tabbing_identifier(identifier))
     }
 
     #[inline]
     fn tabbing_identifier(&self) -> String {
-        self.window.maybe_wait_on_main(|w| w.tabbing_identifier())
+        let window = self.as_any().downcast_ref::<crate::platform_impl::Window>().unwrap();
+        window.maybe_wait_on_main(|w| w.tabbing_identifier())
     }
 
     #[inline]
     fn select_next_tab(&self) {
-        self.window.maybe_queue_on_main(|w| w.select_next_tab())
+        let window = self.as_any().downcast_ref::<crate::platform_impl::Window>().unwrap();
+        window.maybe_wait_on_main(|w| w.select_next_tab());
     }
 
     #[inline]
     fn select_previous_tab(&self) {
-        self.window.maybe_queue_on_main(|w| w.select_previous_tab())
+        let window = self.as_any().downcast_ref::<crate::platform_impl::Window>().unwrap();
+        window.maybe_wait_on_main(|w| w.select_previous_tab());
     }
 
     #[inline]
     fn select_tab_at_index(&self, index: usize) {
-        self.window.maybe_queue_on_main(move |w| w.select_tab_at_index(index))
+        let window = self.as_any().downcast_ref::<crate::platform_impl::Window>().unwrap();
+        window.maybe_wait_on_main(move |w| w.select_tab_at_index(index));
     }
 
     #[inline]
     fn num_tabs(&self) -> usize {
-        self.window.maybe_wait_on_main(|w| w.num_tabs())
+        let window = self.as_any().downcast_ref::<crate::platform_impl::Window>().unwrap();
+        window.maybe_wait_on_main(|w| w.num_tabs())
     }
 
     #[inline]
     fn is_document_edited(&self) -> bool {
-        self.window.maybe_wait_on_main(|w| w.is_document_edited())
+        let window = self.as_any().downcast_ref::<crate::platform_impl::Window>().unwrap();
+        window.maybe_wait_on_main(|w| w.is_document_edited())
     }
 
     #[inline]
     fn set_document_edited(&self, edited: bool) {
-        self.window.maybe_queue_on_main(move |w| w.set_document_edited(edited))
+        let window = self.as_any().downcast_ref::<crate::platform_impl::Window>().unwrap();
+        window.maybe_wait_on_main(move |w| w.set_document_edited(edited));
     }
 
     #[inline]
     fn set_option_as_alt(&self, option_as_alt: OptionAsAlt) {
-        self.window.maybe_queue_on_main(move |w| w.set_option_as_alt(option_as_alt))
+        let window = self.as_any().downcast_ref::<crate::platform_impl::Window>().unwrap();
+        window.maybe_wait_on_main(move |w| w.set_option_as_alt(option_as_alt));
     }
 
     #[inline]
     fn option_as_alt(&self) -> OptionAsAlt {
-        self.window.maybe_wait_on_main(|w| w.option_as_alt())
+        let window = self.as_any().downcast_ref::<crate::platform_impl::Window>().unwrap();
+        window.maybe_wait_on_main(|w| w.option_as_alt())
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn set_borderless_game(&self, borderless_game: bool) {
+        let window = self.as_any().downcast_ref::<crate::platform_impl::Window>().unwrap();
+        window.maybe_wait_on_main(|w| w.set_borderless_game(borderless_game))
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn is_borderless_game(&self) -> bool {
+        let window = self.as_any().downcast_ref::<crate::platform_impl::Window>().unwrap();
+        window.maybe_wait_on_main(|w| w.is_borderless_game())
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn set_unified_titlebar(&self, unified_titlebar: bool) {
+        let window = self.as_any().downcast_ref::<crate::platform_impl::Window>().unwrap();
+        window.maybe_wait_on_main(|w| w.set_unified_titlebar(unified_titlebar))
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn unified_titlebar(&self) -> bool {
+        let window = self.as_any().downcast_ref::<crate::platform_impl::Window>().unwrap();
+        window.maybe_wait_on_main(|w| w.unified_titlebar())
     }
 }
 
@@ -217,6 +328,10 @@ pub trait WindowAttributesExtMacOS {
     ///
     /// See [`WindowExtMacOS::set_option_as_alt`] for details on what this means if set.
     fn with_option_as_alt(self, option_as_alt: OptionAsAlt) -> Self;
+    /// See [`WindowExtMacOS::set_borderless_game`] for details on what this means if set.
+    fn with_borderless_game(self, borderless_game: bool) -> Self;
+    /// See [`WindowExtMacOS::set_unified_titlebar`] for details on what this means if set.
+    fn with_unified_titlebar(self, unified_titlebar: bool) -> Self;
 }
 
 impl WindowAttributesExtMacOS for WindowAttributes {
@@ -285,23 +400,38 @@ impl WindowAttributesExtMacOS for WindowAttributes {
         self.platform_specific.option_as_alt = option_as_alt;
         self
     }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn with_borderless_game(mut self, borderless_game: bool) -> Self {
+        self.platform_specific.borderless_game = borderless_game;
+        self
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn with_unified_titlebar(mut self, unified_titlebar: bool) -> Self {
+        self.platform_specific.unified_titlebar = unified_titlebar;
+        self
+    }
 }
 
 pub trait EventLoopBuilderExtMacOS {
-    /// Sets the activation policy for the application.
+    /// Sets the activation policy for the application. If used, this will override
+    /// any relevant settings provided in the package manifest.
+    /// For instance, `with_activation_policy(ActivationPolicy::Regular)` will prevent
+    /// the application from running as an "agent", even if LSUIElement is set to true.
     ///
-    /// It is set to [`ActivationPolicy::Regular`] by default.
+    /// If unused, the Winit will honor the package manifest.
     ///
     /// # Example
     ///
     /// Set the activation policy to "accessory".
     ///
     /// ```
-    /// use winit::event_loop::EventLoopBuilder;
+    /// use winit::event_loop::EventLoop;
     /// #[cfg(target_os = "macos")]
     /// use winit::platform::macos::{ActivationPolicy, EventLoopBuilderExtMacOS};
     ///
-    /// let mut builder = EventLoopBuilder::new();
+    /// let mut builder = EventLoop::builder();
     /// #[cfg(target_os = "macos")]
     /// builder.with_activation_policy(ActivationPolicy::Accessory);
     /// # if false { // We can't test this part
@@ -319,11 +449,11 @@ pub trait EventLoopBuilderExtMacOS {
     /// Disable creating a default menubar.
     ///
     /// ```
-    /// use winit::event_loop::EventLoopBuilder;
+    /// use winit::event_loop::EventLoop;
     /// #[cfg(target_os = "macos")]
     /// use winit::platform::macos::EventLoopBuilderExtMacOS;
     ///
-    /// let mut builder = EventLoopBuilder::new();
+    /// let mut builder = EventLoop::builder();
     /// #[cfg(target_os = "macos")]
     /// builder.with_default_menu(false);
     /// # if false { // We can't test this part
@@ -342,7 +472,7 @@ pub trait EventLoopBuilderExtMacOS {
 impl EventLoopBuilderExtMacOS for EventLoopBuilder {
     #[inline]
     fn with_activation_policy(&mut self, activation_policy: ActivationPolicy) -> &mut Self {
-        self.platform_specific.activation_policy = activation_policy;
+        self.platform_specific.activation_policy = Some(activation_policy);
         self
     }
 
@@ -396,7 +526,7 @@ pub trait ActiveEventLoopExtMacOS {
     fn allows_automatic_window_tabbing(&self) -> bool;
 }
 
-impl ActiveEventLoopExtMacOS for &dyn ActiveEventLoop {
+impl ActiveEventLoopExtMacOS for dyn ActiveEventLoop + '_ {
     fn hide_application(&self) {
         let event_loop = self
             .as_any()
@@ -449,3 +579,52 @@ pub enum OptionAsAlt {
     #[default]
     None,
 }
+
+/// Additional events on [`ApplicationHandler`] that are specific to macOS.
+///
+/// This can be registered with [`ApplicationHandler::macos_handler`].
+pub trait ApplicationHandlerExtMacOS: ApplicationHandler {
+    /// The system interpreted a keypress as a standard key binding command.
+    ///
+    /// Examples include inserting tabs and newlines, or moving the insertion point, see
+    /// [`NSStandardKeyBindingResponding`] for the full list of key bindings. They are often text
+    /// editing related.
+    ///
+    /// This corresponds to the [`doCommandBySelector:`] method on `NSTextInputClient`.
+    ///
+    /// The `action` parameter contains the string representation of the selector. Examples include
+    /// `"insertBacktab:"`, `"indent:"` and `"noop:"`.
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// ```ignore
+    /// impl ApplicationHandlerExtMacOS for App {
+    ///     fn standard_key_binding(
+    ///         &mut self,
+    ///         event_loop: &dyn ActiveEventLoop,
+    ///         window_id: WindowId,
+    ///         action: &str,
+    ///     ) {
+    ///         match action {
+    ///             "moveBackward:" => self.cursor.position -= 1,
+    ///             "moveForward:" => self.cursor.position += 1,
+    ///             _ => {} // Ignore other actions
+    ///         }
+    ///     }
+    /// }
+    /// ```
+    ///
+    /// [`NSStandardKeyBindingResponding`]: https://developer.apple.com/documentation/appkit/nsstandardkeybindingresponding?language=objc
+    /// [`doCommandBySelector:`]: https://developer.apple.com/documentation/appkit/nstextinputclient/1438256-docommandbyselector?language=objc
+    #[doc(alias = "doCommandBySelector:")]
+    fn standard_key_binding(
+        &mut self,
+        event_loop: &dyn ActiveEventLoop,
+        window_id: WindowId,
+        action: &str,
+    ) {
+        let _ = event_loop;
+        let _ = window_id;
+        let _ = action;
+    }
+}

src/platform/mod.rs

@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ pub mod windows;
 #[cfg(any(x11_platform, docsrs))]
 pub mod x11;
 
+#[allow(unused_imports)]
 #[cfg(any(
     windows_platform,
     macos_platform,

src/platform/startup_notify.rs

@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@
 
 use std::env;
 
-use crate::error::NotSupportedError;
+use crate::error::{NotSupportedError, RequestError};
 use crate::event_loop::{ActiveEventLoop, AsyncRequestSerial};
 #[cfg(wayland_platform)]
 use crate::platform::wayland::ActiveEventLoopExtWayland;
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ pub trait WindowExtStartupNotify {
     /// Request a new activation token.
     ///
     /// The token will be delivered inside
-    fn request_activation_token(&self) -> Result<AsyncRequestSerial, NotSupportedError>;
+    fn request_activation_token(&self) -> Result<AsyncRequestSerial, RequestError>;
 }
 
 pub trait WindowAttributesExtStartupNotify {
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ pub trait WindowAttributesExtStartupNotify {
     fn with_activation_token(self, token: ActivationToken) -> Self;
 }
 
-impl EventLoopExtStartupNotify for &dyn ActiveEventLoop {
+impl EventLoopExtStartupNotify for dyn ActiveEventLoop + '_ {
     fn read_token_from_env(&self) -> Option<ActivationToken> {
         #[cfg(x11_platform)]
         let _is_wayland = false;
@@ -72,9 +72,22 @@ impl EventLoopExtStartupNotify for &dyn ActiveEventLoop {
     }
 }
 
-impl WindowExtStartupNotify for Window {
-    fn request_activation_token(&self) -> Result<AsyncRequestSerial, NotSupportedError> {
-        self.window.request_activation_token()
+impl WindowExtStartupNotify for dyn Window + '_ {
+    fn request_activation_token(&self) -> Result<AsyncRequestSerial, RequestError> {
+        #[cfg(wayland_platform)]
+        if let Some(window) = self.as_any().downcast_ref::<crate::platform_impl::wayland::Window>()
+        {
+            return window.request_activation_token();
+        }
+
+        #[cfg(x11_platform)]
+        if let Some(window) =
+            self.as_any().downcast_ref::<crate::platform_impl::x11::window::Window>()
+        {
+            return window.request_activation_token();
+        }
+
+        Err(NotSupportedError::new("startup notify is not supported").into())
     }
 }
 

src/platform/wayland.rs

@@ -13,11 +13,10 @@
 //! * `wayland-csd-adwaita` (default).
 //! * `wayland-csd-adwaita-crossfont`.
 //! * `wayland-csd-adwaita-notitle`.
-use crate::application::ApplicationHandler;
 use crate::event_loop::{ActiveEventLoop, EventLoop, EventLoopBuilder};
 use crate::monitor::MonitorHandle;
 pub use crate::window::Theme;
-use crate::window::{Window, WindowAttributes};
+use crate::window::{Window as CoreWindow, WindowAttributes};
 
 /// Additional methods on [`ActiveEventLoop`] that are specific to Wayland.
 pub trait ActiveEventLoopExtWayland {
@@ -25,11 +24,7 @@ pub trait ActiveEventLoopExtWayland {
     fn is_wayland(&self) -> bool;
 }
 
-pub trait WaylandApplicationHandler: ApplicationHandler + 'static {
-    fn wayland_callback(&mut self);
-}
-
-impl ActiveEventLoopExtWayland for &dyn ActiveEventLoop {
+impl ActiveEventLoopExtWayland for dyn ActiveEventLoop + '_ {
     #[inline]
     fn is_wayland(&self) -> bool {
         self.as_any().downcast_ref::<crate::platform_impl::wayland::ActiveEventLoop>().is_some()
@@ -40,8 +35,6 @@ impl ActiveEventLoopExtWayland for &dyn ActiveEventLoop {
 pub trait EventLoopExtWayland {
     /// True if the [`EventLoop`] uses Wayland.
     fn is_wayland(&self) -> bool;
-
-    fn register_wayland_callback<T: WaylandApplicationHandler>(&mut self);
 }
 
 impl EventLoopExtWayland for EventLoop {
@@ -49,22 +42,6 @@ impl EventLoopExtWayland for EventLoop {
     fn is_wayland(&self) -> bool {
         self.event_loop.is_wayland()
     }
-
-    fn register_wayland_callback<T: WaylandApplicationHandler>(&mut self) {
-        let event_loop = match &self.event_loop {
-            crate::platform_impl::EventLoop::Wayland(event_loop) => &event_loop.active_event_loop,
-            #[cfg(x11_platform)]
-            crate::platform_impl::EventLoop::X(_) => return,
-        };
-
-        event_loop.wayland_callback.set(Some(|app: &mut dyn ApplicationHandler| {
-            app.as_any()
-                .expect("as_any_mut is not implemented")
-                .downcast_mut::<T>()
-                .unwrap()
-                .wayland_callback()
-        }));
-    }
 }
 
 /// Additional methods on [`EventLoopBuilder`] that are specific to Wayland.
@@ -94,9 +71,11 @@ impl EventLoopBuilderExtWayland for EventLoopBuilder {
 }
 
 /// Additional methods on [`Window`] that are specific to Wayland.
+///
+/// [`Window`]: crate::window::Window
 pub trait WindowExtWayland {}
 
-impl WindowExtWayland for Window {}
+impl WindowExtWayland for dyn CoreWindow + '_ {}
 
 /// Additional methods on [`WindowAttributes`] that are specific to Wayland.
 pub trait WindowAttributesExtWayland {

src/platform/web.rs

@@ -27,19 +27,18 @@
 //! - [`padding`](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/padding)
 //!
 //! The following APIs can't take them into account and will therefore provide inaccurate results:
-//! - [`WindowEvent::Resized`] and [`Window::(set_)inner_size()`]
+//! - [`WindowEvent::SurfaceResized`] and [`Window::(set_)surface_size()`]
 //! - [`WindowEvent::Occluded`]
-//! - [`WindowEvent::CursorMoved`], [`WindowEvent::CursorEntered`], [`WindowEvent::CursorLeft`], and
-//!   [`WindowEvent::Touch`].
+//! - [`WindowEvent::PointerMoved`], [`WindowEvent::PointerEntered`] and
+//!   [`WindowEvent::PointerLeft`].
 //! - [`Window::set_outer_position()`]
 //!
-//! [`WindowEvent::Resized`]: crate::event::WindowEvent::Resized
-//! [`Window::(set_)inner_size()`]: crate::window::Window::inner_size
+//! [`WindowEvent::SurfaceResized`]: crate::event::WindowEvent::SurfaceResized
+//! [`Window::(set_)surface_size()`]: crate::window::Window::surface_size
 //! [`WindowEvent::Occluded`]: crate::event::WindowEvent::Occluded
-//! [`WindowEvent::CursorMoved`]: crate::event::WindowEvent::CursorMoved
-//! [`WindowEvent::CursorEntered`]: crate::event::WindowEvent::CursorEntered
-//! [`WindowEvent::CursorLeft`]: crate::event::WindowEvent::CursorLeft
-//! [`WindowEvent::Touch`]: crate::event::WindowEvent::Touch
+//! [`WindowEvent::PointerMoved`]: crate::event::WindowEvent::PointerMoved
+//! [`WindowEvent::PointerEntered`]: crate::event::WindowEvent::PointerEntered
+//! [`WindowEvent::PointerLeft`]: crate::event::WindowEvent::PointerLeft
 //! [`Window::set_outer_position()`]: crate::window::Window::set_outer_position
 
 use std::cell::Ref;
@@ -58,7 +57,6 @@ use web_sys::HtmlCanvasElement;
 use crate::application::ApplicationHandler;
 use crate::cursor::CustomCursorSource;
 use crate::error::NotSupportedError;
-use crate::event::FingerId;
 use crate::event_loop::{ActiveEventLoop, EventLoop};
 use crate::monitor::MonitorHandle;
 use crate::platform_impl::PlatformCustomCursorSource;
@@ -82,7 +80,7 @@ pub trait WindowExtWeb {
 
     /// Returns [`true`] if calling `event.preventDefault()` is enabled.
     ///
-    /// See [`Window::set_prevent_default()`] for more details.
+    /// See [`WindowExtWeb::set_prevent_default()`] for more details.
     fn prevent_default(&self) -> bool;
 
     /// Sets whether `event.preventDefault()` should be called on events on the
@@ -104,22 +102,34 @@ pub trait WindowExtWeb {
     fn is_cursor_lock_raw(&self) -> bool;
 }
 
-impl WindowExtWeb for Window {
+impl WindowExtWeb for dyn Window + '_ {
     #[inline]
     fn canvas(&self) -> Option<Ref<'_, HtmlCanvasElement>> {
-        self.window.canvas()
+        self.as_any()
+            .downcast_ref::<crate::platform_impl::Window>()
+            .expect("non Web window on Web")
+            .canvas()
     }
 
     fn prevent_default(&self) -> bool {
-        self.window.prevent_default()
+        self.as_any()
+            .downcast_ref::<crate::platform_impl::Window>()
+            .expect("non Web window on Web")
+            .prevent_default()
     }
 
     fn set_prevent_default(&self, prevent_default: bool) {
-        self.window.set_prevent_default(prevent_default)
+        self.as_any()
+            .downcast_ref::<crate::platform_impl::Window>()
+            .expect("non Web window on Web")
+            .set_prevent_default(prevent_default)
     }
 
     fn is_cursor_lock_raw(&self) -> bool {
-        self.window.is_cursor_lock_raw()
+        self.as_any()
+            .downcast_ref::<crate::platform_impl::Window>()
+            .expect("non Web window on Web")
+            .is_cursor_lock_raw()
     }
 }
 
@@ -136,7 +146,7 @@ pub trait WindowAttributesExtWeb {
     /// Sets whether `event.preventDefault()` should be called on events on the
     /// canvas that have side effects.
     ///
-    /// See [`Window::set_prevent_default()`] for more details.
+    /// See [`WindowExtWeb::set_prevent_default()`] for more details.
     ///
     /// Enabled by default.
     fn with_prevent_default(self, prevent_default: bool) -> Self;
@@ -347,7 +357,7 @@ pub trait ActiveEventLoopExtWeb {
     fn has_detailed_monitor_permission(&self) -> bool;
 }
 
-impl ActiveEventLoopExtWeb for &dyn ActiveEventLoop {
+impl ActiveEventLoopExtWeb for dyn ActiveEventLoop + '_ {
     #[inline]
     fn create_custom_cursor_async(&self, source: CustomCursorSource) -> CustomCursorFuture {
         let event_loop = self
@@ -699,10 +709,9 @@ pub struct OrientationData {
     pub orientation: Orientation,
     /// [`true`] if the [`orientation`](Self::orientation) is flipped upside down.
     pub flipped: bool,
-    /// [`true`] if the [`Orientation`] is the most natural one for the screen regardless of being
-    /// flipped. Computer monitors are commonly naturally landscape mode, while mobile phones
-    /// are commonly naturally portrait mode.
-    pub natural: bool,
+    /// The most natural orientation for the screen. Computer monitors are commonly naturally
+    /// landscape mode, while mobile phones are commonly naturally portrait mode.
+    pub natural: Orientation,
 }
 
 /// Screen orientation.
@@ -726,14 +735,14 @@ pub enum OrientationLock {
     /// User is locked to landscape mode.
     Landscape {
         /// - [`None`]: User is locked to both upright or upside down landscape mode.
-        /// - [`false`]: User is locked to upright landscape mode.
+        /// - [`true`]: User is locked to upright landscape mode.
         /// - [`false`]: User is locked to upside down landscape mode.
         flipped: Option<bool>,
     },
     /// User is locked to portrait mode.
     Portrait {
         /// - [`None`]: User is locked to both upright or upside down portrait mode.
-        /// - [`false`]: User is locked to upright portrait mode.
+        /// - [`true`]: User is locked to upright portrait mode.
         /// - [`false`]: User is locked to upside down portrait mode.
         flipped: Option<bool>,
     },
@@ -770,16 +779,3 @@ impl Display for OrientationLockError {
 }
 
 impl Error for OrientationLockError {}
-
-/// Additional methods on [`FingerId`] that are specific to Web.
-pub trait FingerIdExtWeb {
-    /// Indicates if the finger represents the first contact in a multi-touch interaction.
-    #[allow(clippy::wrong_self_convention)]
-    fn is_primary(self) -> bool;
-}
-
-impl FingerIdExtWeb for FingerId {
-    fn is_primary(self) -> bool {
-        self.0.is_primary()
-    }
-}

src/platform/windows.rs

@@ -4,13 +4,16 @@
 //! tested regularly.
 use std::borrow::Borrow;
 use std::ffi::c_void;
+use std::ops::Deref;
 use std::path::Path;
 
 #[cfg(feature = "serde")]
 use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
+#[cfg(windows_platform)]
+use windows_sys::Win32::Foundation::HANDLE;
 
 use crate::dpi::PhysicalSize;
-use crate::event::{DeviceId, FingerId};
+use crate::event::DeviceId;
 use crate::event_loop::EventLoopBuilder;
 use crate::monitor::MonitorHandle;
 use crate::window::{BadIcon, Icon, Window, WindowAttributes};
@@ -115,50 +118,24 @@ pub enum CornerPreference {
 ///
 /// See [`WindowBorrowExtWindows::any_thread`] for more information.
 #[derive(Clone, Debug)]
-pub struct AnyThread<W>(W);
+pub struct AnyThread<W: Window>(W);
 
-impl<W: Borrow<Window>> AnyThread<W> {
+impl<W: Window> AnyThread<W> {
     /// Get a reference to the inner window.
     #[inline]
-    pub fn get_ref(&self) -> &Window {
-        self.0.borrow()
-    }
-
-    /// Get a reference to the inner object.
-    #[inline]
-    pub fn inner(&self) -> &W {
+    pub fn get_ref(&self) -> &dyn Window {
         &self.0
     }
-
-    /// Unwrap and get the inner window.
-    #[inline]
-    pub fn into_inner(self) -> W {
-        self.0
-    }
 }
 
-impl<W: Borrow<Window>> AsRef<Window> for AnyThread<W> {
-    fn as_ref(&self) -> &Window {
-        self.get_ref()
-    }
-}
-
-impl<W: Borrow<Window>> Borrow<Window> for AnyThread<W> {
-    fn borrow(&self) -> &Window {
-        self.get_ref()
-    }
-}
-
-impl<W: Borrow<Window>> std::ops::Deref for AnyThread<W> {
-    type Target = Window;
-
+impl<W: Window> Deref for AnyThread<W> {
+    type Target = W;
     fn deref(&self) -> &Self::Target {
-        self.get_ref()
+        &self.0
     }
 }
 
-#[cfg(feature = "rwh_06")]
-impl<W: Borrow<Window>> rwh_06::HasWindowHandle for AnyThread<W> {
+impl<W: Window> rwh_06::HasWindowHandle for AnyThread<W> {
     fn window_handle(&self) -> Result<rwh_06::WindowHandle<'_>, rwh_06::HandleError> {
         // SAFETY: The top level user has asserted this is only used safely.
         unsafe { self.get_ref().window_handle_any_thread() }
@@ -341,7 +318,7 @@ pub trait WindowExtWindows {
     ///
     /// ```no_run
     /// # use winit::window::Window;
-    /// # fn scope(window: Window) {
+    /// # fn scope(window: Box<dyn Window>) {
     /// use std::thread;
     ///
     /// use winit::platform::windows::WindowExtWindows;
@@ -359,41 +336,46 @@ pub trait WindowExtWindows {
     /// });
     /// # }
     /// ```
-    #[cfg(feature = "rwh_06")]
     unsafe fn window_handle_any_thread(
         &self,
     ) -> Result<rwh_06::WindowHandle<'_>, rwh_06::HandleError>;
 }
 
-impl WindowExtWindows for Window {
+impl WindowExtWindows for dyn Window + '_ {
     #[inline]
     fn set_enable(&self, enabled: bool) {
-        self.window.set_enable(enabled)
+        let window = self.as_any().downcast_ref::<crate::platform_impl::Window>().unwrap();
+        window.set_enable(enabled)
     }
 
     #[inline]
     fn set_taskbar_icon(&self, taskbar_icon: Option<Icon>) {
-        self.window.set_taskbar_icon(taskbar_icon)
+        let window = self.as_any().downcast_ref::<crate::platform_impl::Window>().unwrap();
+        window.set_taskbar_icon(taskbar_icon)
     }
 
     #[inline]
     fn set_skip_taskbar(&self, skip: bool) {
-        self.window.set_skip_taskbar(skip)
+        let window = self.as_any().downcast_ref::<crate::platform_impl::Window>().unwrap();
+        window.set_skip_taskbar(skip)
     }
 
     #[inline]
     fn set_undecorated_shadow(&self, shadow: bool) {
-        self.window.set_undecorated_shadow(shadow)
+        let window = self.as_any().downcast_ref::<crate::platform_impl::Window>().unwrap();
+        window.set_undecorated_shadow(shadow)
     }
 
     #[inline]
     fn set_system_backdrop(&self, backdrop_type: BackdropType) {
-        self.window.set_system_backdrop(backdrop_type)
+        let window = self.as_any().downcast_ref::<crate::platform_impl::Window>().unwrap();
+        window.set_system_backdrop(backdrop_type)
     }
 
     #[inline]
     fn set_border_color(&self, color: Option<Color>) {
-        self.window.set_border_color(color.unwrap_or(Color::NONE))
+        let window = self.as_any().downcast_ref::<crate::platform_impl::Window>().unwrap();
+        window.set_border_color(color.unwrap_or(Color::NONE))
     }
 
     #[inline]
@@ -401,25 +383,28 @@ impl WindowExtWindows for Window {
         // The windows docs don't mention NONE as a valid options but it works in practice and is
         // useful to circumvent the Windows option "Show accent color on title bars and
         // window borders"
-        self.window.set_title_background_color(color.unwrap_or(Color::NONE))
+        let window = self.as_any().downcast_ref::<crate::platform_impl::Window>().unwrap();
+        window.set_title_background_color(color.unwrap_or(Color::NONE))
     }
 
     #[inline]
     fn set_title_text_color(&self, color: Color) {
-        self.window.set_title_text_color(color)
+        let window = self.as_any().downcast_ref::<crate::platform_impl::Window>().unwrap();
+        window.set_title_text_color(color)
     }
 
     #[inline]
     fn set_corner_preference(&self, preference: CornerPreference) {
-        self.window.set_corner_preference(preference)
+        let window = self.as_any().downcast_ref::<crate::platform_impl::Window>().unwrap();
+        window.set_corner_preference(preference)
     }
 
-    #[cfg(feature = "rwh_06")]
     unsafe fn window_handle_any_thread(
         &self,
     ) -> Result<rwh_06::WindowHandle<'_>, rwh_06::HandleError> {
+        let window = self.as_any().downcast_ref::<crate::platform_impl::Window>().unwrap();
         unsafe {
-            let handle = self.window.rwh_06_no_thread_check()?;
+            let handle = window.rwh_06_no_thread_check()?;
 
             // SAFETY: The handle is valid in this context.
             Ok(rwh_06::WindowHandle::borrow_raw(handle))
@@ -430,7 +415,7 @@ impl WindowExtWindows for Window {
 /// Additional methods for anything that dereference to [`Window`].
 ///
 /// [`Window`]: crate::window::Window
-pub trait WindowBorrowExtWindows: Borrow<Window> + Sized {
+pub trait WindowBorrowExtWindows: Borrow<dyn Window> + Sized {
     /// Create an object that allows accessing the inner window handle in a thread-unsafe way.
     ///
     /// It is possible to call [`window_handle_any_thread`] to get around Windows's thread
@@ -447,22 +432,17 @@ pub trait WindowBorrowExtWindows: Borrow<Window> + Sized {
     /// Win32 APIs.
     ///
     /// [`Window`]: crate::window::Window
-    #[cfg_attr(
-        feature = "rwh_06",
-        doc = "[`HasWindowHandle`]: rwh_06::HasWindowHandle",
-        doc = "[`window_handle_any_thread`]: WindowExtWindows::window_handle_any_thread"
-    )]
-    #[cfg_attr(
-        not(feature = "rwh_06"),
-        doc = "[`HasWindowHandle`]: #only-available-with-rwh_06",
-        doc = "[`window_handle_any_thread`]: #only-available-with-rwh_06"
-    )]
-    unsafe fn any_thread(self) -> AnyThread<Self> {
+    /// [`HasWindowHandle`]: rwh_06::HasWindowHandle
+    /// [`window_handle_any_thread`]: WindowExtWindows::window_handle_any_thread
+    unsafe fn any_thread(self) -> AnyThread<Self>
+    where
+        Self: Window,
+    {
         AnyThread(self)
     }
 }
 
-impl<W: Borrow<Window> + Sized> WindowBorrowExtWindows for W {}
+impl<W: Borrow<dyn Window> + Sized> WindowBorrowExtWindows for W {}
 
 /// Additional methods on `WindowAttributes` that are specific to Windows.
 #[allow(rustdoc::broken_intra_doc_links)]
@@ -667,24 +647,15 @@ pub trait DeviceIdExtWindows {
     fn persistent_identifier(&self) -> Option<String>;
 }
 
+#[cfg(windows_platform)]
 impl DeviceIdExtWindows for DeviceId {
-    #[inline]
     fn persistent_identifier(&self) -> Option<String> {
-        self.0.persistent_identifier()
-    }
-}
-
-/// Additional methods on `FingerId` that are specific to Windows.
-pub trait FingerIdExtWindows {
-    /// Indicates if the finger represents the first contact in a multi-touch interaction.
-    #[allow(clippy::wrong_self_convention)]
-    fn is_primary(self) -> bool;
-}
-
-impl FingerIdExtWindows for FingerId {
-    #[inline]
-    fn is_primary(self) -> bool {
-        self.0.is_primary()
+        let raw_id = self.into_raw();
+        if raw_id != 0 {
+            crate::platform_impl::raw_input::get_raw_input_device_name(raw_id as HANDLE)
+        } else {
+            None
+        }
     }
 }
 

src/platform/x11.rs

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
 use crate::dpi::Size;
 use crate::event_loop::{ActiveEventLoop, EventLoop, EventLoopBuilder};
 use crate::monitor::MonitorHandle;
-use crate::window::{Window, WindowAttributes};
+use crate::window::{Window as CoreWindow, WindowAttributes};
 
 /// X window type. Maps directly to
 /// [`_NET_WM_WINDOW_TYPE`](https://specifications.freedesktop.org/wm-spec/wm-spec-1.5.html).
@@ -80,9 +80,7 @@ pub type XWindow = u32;
 #[inline]
 pub fn register_xlib_error_hook(hook: XlibErrorHook) {
     // Append new hook.
-    unsafe {
-        crate::platform_impl::XLIB_ERROR_HOOKS.lock().unwrap().push(hook);
-    }
+    crate::platform_impl::XLIB_ERROR_HOOKS.lock().unwrap().push(hook);
 }
 
 /// Additional methods on [`ActiveEventLoop`] that are specific to X11.
@@ -91,7 +89,7 @@ pub trait ActiveEventLoopExtX11 {
     fn is_x11(&self) -> bool;
 }
 
-impl ActiveEventLoopExtX11 for &dyn ActiveEventLoop {
+impl ActiveEventLoopExtX11 for dyn ActiveEventLoop + '_ {
     #[inline]
     fn is_x11(&self) -> bool {
         self.as_any().downcast_ref::<crate::platform_impl::x11::ActiveEventLoop>().is_some()
@@ -138,9 +136,11 @@ impl EventLoopBuilderExtX11 for EventLoopBuilder {
 }
 
 /// Additional methods on [`Window`] that are specific to X11.
+///
+/// [`Window`]: crate::window::Window
 pub trait WindowExtX11 {}
 
-impl WindowExtX11 for Window {}
+impl WindowExtX11 for dyn CoreWindow {}
 
 /// Additional methods on [`WindowAttributes`] that are specific to X11.
 pub trait WindowAttributesExtX11 {
@@ -169,13 +169,13 @@ pub trait WindowAttributesExtX11 {
     ///
     /// ```
     /// # use winit::dpi::{LogicalSize, PhysicalSize};
-    /// # use winit::window::Window;
+    /// # use winit::window::{Window, WindowAttributes};
     /// # use winit::platform::x11::WindowAttributesExtX11;
     /// // Specify the size in logical dimensions like this:
-    /// Window::default_attributes().with_base_size(LogicalSize::new(400.0, 200.0));
+    /// WindowAttributes::default().with_base_size(LogicalSize::new(400.0, 200.0));
     ///
     /// // Or specify the size in physical dimensions like this:
-    /// Window::default_attributes().with_base_size(PhysicalSize::new(400, 200));
+    /// WindowAttributes::default().with_base_size(PhysicalSize::new(400, 200));
     /// ```
     fn with_base_size<S: Into<Size>>(self, base_size: S) -> Self;
 
@@ -184,12 +184,12 @@ pub trait WindowAttributesExtX11 {
     /// # Example
     ///
     /// ```no_run
-    /// use winit::window::Window;
+    /// use winit::window::{Window, WindowAttributes};
     /// use winit::event_loop::ActiveEventLoop;
     /// use winit::platform::x11::{XWindow, WindowAttributesExtX11};
     /// # fn create_window(event_loop: &dyn ActiveEventLoop) -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
     /// let parent_window_id = std::env::args().nth(1).unwrap().parse::<XWindow>()?;
-    /// let window_attributes = Window::default_attributes().with_embed_parent_window(parent_window_id);
+    /// let window_attributes = WindowAttributes::default().with_embed_parent_window(parent_window_id);
     /// let window = event_loop.create_window(window_attributes)?;
     /// # Ok(()) }
     /// ```

src/platform_impl/android/mod.rs

@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-use std::any::Any;
 use std::cell::Cell;
 use std::hash::Hash;
 use std::num::{NonZeroU16, NonZeroU32};
@@ -14,19 +13,20 @@ use tracing::{debug, trace, warn};
 
 use crate::application::ApplicationHandler;
 use crate::cursor::Cursor;
-use crate::dpi::{PhysicalPosition, PhysicalSize, Position, Size};
-use crate::error::{self, EventLoopError, ExternalError, NotSupportedError};
-use crate::event::{self, Force, InnerSizeWriter, StartCause};
+use crate::dpi::{PhysicalInsets, PhysicalPosition, PhysicalSize, Position, Size};
+use crate::error::{EventLoopError, NotSupportedError, RequestError};
+use crate::event::{self, DeviceId, FingerId, Force, StartCause, SurfaceSizeWriter};
 use crate::event_loop::{
     ActiveEventLoop as RootActiveEventLoop, ControlFlow, DeviceEvents,
-    EventLoopProxy as RootEventLoopProxy, OwnedDisplayHandle as RootOwnedDisplayHandle,
+    EventLoopProxy as CoreEventLoopProxy, EventLoopProxyProvider,
+    OwnedDisplayHandle as CoreOwnedDisplayHandle,
 };
 use crate::monitor::MonitorHandle as RootMonitorHandle;
 use crate::platform::pump_events::PumpStatus;
-use crate::platform_impl::Fullscreen;
 use crate::window::{
-    self, CursorGrabMode, CustomCursor, CustomCursorSource, ImePurpose, ResizeDirection, Theme,
-    Window as RootWindow, WindowAttributes, WindowButtons, WindowLevel,
+    self, CursorGrabMode, CustomCursor, CustomCursorSource, Fullscreen, ImePurpose,
+    ResizeDirection, Theme, Window as CoreWindow, WindowAttributes, WindowButtons, WindowId,
+    WindowLevel,
 };
 
 mod keycodes;
@@ -108,6 +108,7 @@ pub struct EventLoop {
     running: bool,
     pending_redraw: bool,
     cause: StartCause,
+    primary_pointer: Option<FingerId>,
     ignore_volume_keys: bool,
     combining_accent: Option<char>,
 }
@@ -124,26 +125,31 @@ impl Default for PlatformSpecificEventLoopAttributes {
     }
 }
 
+// Android currently only supports one window
+const GLOBAL_WINDOW: WindowId = WindowId::from_raw(0);
+
 impl EventLoop {
     pub(crate) fn new(
         attributes: &PlatformSpecificEventLoopAttributes,
     ) -> Result<Self, EventLoopError> {
-        let proxy_wake_up = Arc::new(AtomicBool::new(false));
-
         let android_app = attributes.android_app.as_ref().expect(
             "An `AndroidApp` as passed to android_main() is required to create an `EventLoop` on \
              Android",
         );
+
+        let event_loop_proxy = Arc::new(EventLoopProxy::new(android_app.create_waker()));
+
         let redraw_flag = SharedFlag::new();
 
         Ok(Self {
             android_app: android_app.clone(),
+            primary_pointer: None,
             window_target: ActiveEventLoop {
                 app: android_app.clone(),
                 control_flow: Cell::new(ControlFlow::default()),
                 exit: Cell::new(false),
                 redraw_requester: RedrawRequester::new(&redraw_flag, android_app.create_waker()),
-                proxy_wake_up,
+                event_loop_proxy,
             },
             redraw_flag,
             loop_running: false,
@@ -189,41 +195,38 @@ impl EventLoop {
                 },
                 MainEvent::GainedFocus => {
                     HAS_FOCUS.store(true, Ordering::Relaxed);
-                    let window_id = window::WindowId(WindowId);
                     let event = event::WindowEvent::Focused(true);
-                    app.window_event(&self.window_target, window_id, event);
+                    app.window_event(&self.window_target, GLOBAL_WINDOW, event);
                 },
                 MainEvent::LostFocus => {
                     HAS_FOCUS.store(false, Ordering::Relaxed);
-                    let window_id = window::WindowId(WindowId);
                     let event = event::WindowEvent::Focused(false);
-                    app.window_event(&self.window_target, window_id, event);
+                    app.window_event(&self.window_target, GLOBAL_WINDOW, event);
                 },
                 MainEvent::ConfigChanged { .. } => {
                     let old_scale_factor = scale_factor(&self.android_app);
                     let scale_factor = scale_factor(&self.android_app);
                     if (scale_factor - old_scale_factor).abs() < f64::EPSILON {
-                        let new_inner_size = Arc::new(Mutex::new(screen_size(&self.android_app)));
-                        let window_id = window::WindowId(WindowId);
+                        let new_surface_size = Arc::new(Mutex::new(screen_size(&self.android_app)));
                         let event = event::WindowEvent::ScaleFactorChanged {
-                            inner_size_writer: InnerSizeWriter::new(Arc::downgrade(
-                                &new_inner_size,
+                            surface_size_writer: SurfaceSizeWriter::new(Arc::downgrade(
+                                &new_surface_size,
                             )),
                             scale_factor,
                         };
 
-                        app.window_event(&self.window_target, window_id, event);
+                        app.window_event(&self.window_target, GLOBAL_WINDOW, event);
                     }
                 },
                 MainEvent::LowMemory => {
                     app.memory_warning(&self.window_target);
                 },
                 MainEvent::Start => {
-                    // XXX: how to forward this state to applications?
-                    warn!("TODO: forward onStart notification to application");
+                    app.resumed(self.window_target());
                 },
                 MainEvent::Resume { .. } => {
                     debug!("App Resumed - is running");
+                    // TODO: This is incorrect - will be solved in https://github.com/rust-windowing/winit/pull/3897
                     self.running = true;
                 },
                 MainEvent::SaveState { .. } => {
@@ -233,11 +236,11 @@ impl EventLoop {
                 },
                 MainEvent::Pause => {
                     debug!("App Paused - stopped running");
+                    // TODO: This is incorrect - will be solved in https://github.com/rust-windowing/winit/pull/3897
                     self.running = false;
                 },
                 MainEvent::Stop => {
-                    // XXX: how to forward this state to applications?
-                    warn!("TODO: forward onStop notification to application");
+                    app.suspended(self.window_target());
                 },
                 MainEvent::Destroy => {
                     // XXX: maybe exit mainloop to drop things before being
@@ -275,7 +278,7 @@ impl EventLoop {
             },
         }
 
-        if self.window_target.proxy_wake_up.swap(false, Ordering::Relaxed) {
+        if self.window_target.event_loop_proxy.wake_up.swap(false, Ordering::Relaxed) {
             app.proxy_wake_up(&self.window_target);
         }
 
@@ -288,17 +291,15 @@ impl EventLoop {
                 } else {
                     PhysicalSize::new(0, 0)
                 };
-                let window_id = window::WindowId(WindowId);
-                let event = event::WindowEvent::Resized(size);
-                app.window_event(&self.window_target, window_id, event);
+                let event = event::WindowEvent::SurfaceResized(size);
+                app.window_event(&self.window_target, GLOBAL_WINDOW, event);
             }
 
             pending_redraw |= self.redraw_flag.get_and_reset();
             if pending_redraw {
                 pending_redraw = false;
-                let window_id = window::WindowId(WindowId);
                 let event = event::WindowEvent::RedrawRequested;
-                app.window_event(&self.window_target, window_id, event);
+                app.window_event(&self.window_target, GLOBAL_WINDOW, event);
             }
         }
 
@@ -317,50 +318,131 @@ impl EventLoop {
         let mut input_status = InputStatus::Handled;
         match event {
             InputEvent::MotionEvent(motion_event) => {
-                let window_id = window::WindowId(WindowId);
-                let device_id = event::DeviceId(DeviceId(motion_event.device_id()));
+                let device_id = Some(DeviceId::from_raw(motion_event.device_id() as i64));
+                let action = motion_event.action();
 
-                let phase = match motion_event.action() {
-                    MotionAction::Down | MotionAction::PointerDown => {
-                        Some(event::TouchPhase::Started)
-                    },
-                    MotionAction::Up | MotionAction::PointerUp => Some(event::TouchPhase::Ended),
-                    MotionAction::Move => Some(event::TouchPhase::Moved),
-                    MotionAction::Cancel => Some(event::TouchPhase::Cancelled),
-                    _ => {
-                        None // TODO mouse events
+                let pointers: Option<
+                    Box<dyn Iterator<Item = android_activity::input::Pointer<'_>>>,
+                > = match action {
+                    MotionAction::Down
+                    | MotionAction::PointerDown
+                    | MotionAction::Up
+                    | MotionAction::PointerUp => Some(Box::new(std::iter::once(
+                        motion_event.pointer_at_index(motion_event.pointer_index()),
+                    ))),
+                    MotionAction::Move | MotionAction::Cancel => {
+                        Some(Box::new(motion_event.pointers()))
                     },
+                    // TODO mouse events
+                    _ => None,
                 };
-                if let Some(phase) = phase {
-                    let pointers: Box<dyn Iterator<Item = android_activity::input::Pointer<'_>>> =
-                        match phase {
-                            event::TouchPhase::Started | event::TouchPhase::Ended => {
-                                Box::new(std::iter::once(
-                                    motion_event.pointer_at_index(motion_event.pointer_index()),
-                                ))
-                            },
-                            event::TouchPhase::Moved | event::TouchPhase::Cancelled => {
-                                Box::new(motion_event.pointers())
-                            },
-                        };
 
-                    for pointer in pointers {
-                        let location =
-                            PhysicalPosition { x: pointer.x() as _, y: pointer.y() as _ };
-                        trace!(
-                            "Input event {device_id:?}, {phase:?}, loc={location:?}, \
-                             pointer={pointer:?}"
-                        );
+                for pointer in pointers.into_iter().flatten() {
+                    let tool_type = pointer.tool_type();
+                    let position = PhysicalPosition { x: pointer.x() as _, y: pointer.y() as _ };
+                    trace!(
+                        "Input event {device_id:?}, {action:?}, loc={position:?}, \
+                         pointer={pointer:?}, tool_type={tool_type:?}"
+                    );
+                    let finger_id = FingerId::from_raw(pointer.pointer_id() as usize);
+                    let force = Some(Force::Normalized(pointer.pressure() as f64));
 
-                        let event = event::WindowEvent::Touch(event::Touch {
-                            device_id,
-                            phase,
-                            location,
-                            finger_id: event::FingerId(FingerId(pointer.pointer_id())),
-                            force: Some(Force::Normalized(pointer.pressure() as f64)),
-                        });
+                    match action {
+                        MotionAction::Down | MotionAction::PointerDown => {
+                            let primary = action == MotionAction::Down;
+                            if primary {
+                                self.primary_pointer = Some(finger_id);
+                            }
+                            let event = event::WindowEvent::PointerEntered {
+                                device_id,
+                                primary,
+                                position,
+                                kind: match tool_type {
+                                    android_activity::input::ToolType::Finger => {
+                                        event::PointerKind::Touch(finger_id)
+                                    },
+                                    // TODO mouse events
+                                    android_activity::input::ToolType::Mouse => continue,
+                                    _ => event::PointerKind::Unknown,
+                                },
+                            };
+                            app.window_event(&self.window_target, GLOBAL_WINDOW, event);
+                            let event = event::WindowEvent::PointerButton {
+                                device_id,
+                                primary,
+                                state: event::ElementState::Pressed,
+                                position,
+                                button: match tool_type {
+                                    android_activity::input::ToolType::Finger => {
+                                        event::ButtonSource::Touch { finger_id, force }
+                                    },
+                                    // TODO mouse events
+                                    android_activity::input::ToolType::Mouse => continue,
+                                    _ => event::ButtonSource::Unknown(0),
+                                },
+                            };
+                            app.window_event(&self.window_target, GLOBAL_WINDOW, event);
+                        },
+                        MotionAction::Move => {
+                            let primary = self.primary_pointer == Some(finger_id);
+                            let event = event::WindowEvent::PointerMoved {
+                                device_id,
+                                primary,
+                                position,
+                                source: match tool_type {
+                                    android_activity::input::ToolType::Finger => {
+                                        event::PointerSource::Touch { finger_id, force }
+                                    },
+                                    // TODO mouse events
+                                    android_activity::input::ToolType::Mouse => continue,
+                                    _ => event::PointerSource::Unknown,
+                                },
+                            };
+                            app.window_event(&self.window_target, GLOBAL_WINDOW, event);
+                        },
+                        MotionAction::Up | MotionAction::PointerUp | MotionAction::Cancel => {
+                            let primary = action == MotionAction::Up
+                                || (action == MotionAction::Cancel
+                                    && self.primary_pointer == Some(finger_id));
 
-                        app.window_event(&self.window_target, window_id, event);
+                            if primary {
+                                self.primary_pointer = None;
+                            }
+
+                            if let MotionAction::Up | MotionAction::PointerUp = action {
+                                let event = event::WindowEvent::PointerButton {
+                                    device_id,
+                                    primary,
+                                    state: event::ElementState::Released,
+                                    position,
+                                    button: match tool_type {
+                                        android_activity::input::ToolType::Finger => {
+                                            event::ButtonSource::Touch { finger_id, force }
+                                        },
+                                        // TODO mouse events
+                                        android_activity::input::ToolType::Mouse => continue,
+                                        _ => event::ButtonSource::Unknown(0),
+                                    },
+                                };
+                                app.window_event(&self.window_target, GLOBAL_WINDOW, event);
+                            }
+
+                            let event = event::WindowEvent::PointerLeft {
+                                device_id,
+                                primary,
+                                position: Some(position),
+                                kind: match tool_type {
+                                    android_activity::input::ToolType::Finger => {
+                                        event::PointerKind::Touch(finger_id)
+                                    },
+                                    // TODO mouse events
+                                    android_activity::input::ToolType::Mouse => continue,
+                                    _ => event::PointerKind::Unknown,
+                                },
+                            };
+                            app.window_event(&self.window_target, GLOBAL_WINDOW, event);
+                        },
+                        _ => unreachable!(),
                     }
                 }
             },
@@ -388,9 +470,8 @@ impl EventLoop {
                             &mut self.combining_accent,
                         );
 
-                        let window_id = window::WindowId(WindowId);
                         let event = event::WindowEvent::KeyboardInput {
-                            device_id: event::DeviceId(DeviceId(key.device_id())),
+                            device_id: Some(DeviceId::from_raw(key.device_id() as i64)),
                             event: event::KeyEvent {
                                 state,
                                 physical_key: keycodes::to_physical_key(keycode),
@@ -403,7 +484,7 @@ impl EventLoop {
                             is_synthetic: false,
                         };
 
-                        app.window_event(&self.window_target, window_id, event);
+                        app.window_event(&self.window_target, GLOBAL_WINDOW, event);
                     },
                 }
             },
@@ -483,7 +564,8 @@ impl EventLoop {
         self.pending_redraw |= self.redraw_flag.get_and_reset();
 
         timeout = if self.running
-            && (self.pending_redraw || self.window_target.proxy_wake_up.load(Ordering::Relaxed))
+            && (self.pending_redraw
+                || self.window_target.event_loop_proxy.wake_up.load(Ordering::Relaxed))
         {
             // If we already have work to do then we don't want to block on the next poll
             Some(Duration::ZERO)
@@ -516,7 +598,7 @@ impl EventLoop {
                     self.pending_redraw |= self.redraw_flag.get_and_reset();
                     if !self.running
                         || (!self.pending_redraw
-                            && !self.window_target.proxy_wake_up.load(Ordering::Relaxed))
+                            && !self.window_target.event_loop_proxy.wake_up.load(Ordering::Relaxed))
                     {
                         return;
                     }
@@ -555,15 +637,20 @@ impl EventLoop {
     }
 }
 
-#[derive(Clone)]
 pub struct EventLoopProxy {
-    proxy_wake_up: Arc<AtomicBool>,
+    wake_up: AtomicBool,
     waker: AndroidAppWaker,
 }
 
 impl EventLoopProxy {
-    pub fn wake_up(&self) {
-        self.proxy_wake_up.store(true, Ordering::Relaxed);
+    fn new(waker: AndroidAppWaker) -> Self {
+        Self { wake_up: AtomicBool::new(false), waker }
+    }
+}
+
+impl EventLoopProxyProvider for EventLoopProxy {
+    fn wake_up(&self) {
+        self.wake_up.store(true, Ordering::Relaxed);
         self.waker.wake();
     }
 }
@@ -573,7 +660,7 @@ pub struct ActiveEventLoop {
     control_flow: Cell<ControlFlow>,
     exit: Cell<bool>,
     redraw_requester: RedrawRequester,
-    proxy_wake_up: Arc<AtomicBool>,
+    event_loop_proxy: Arc<EventLoopProxy>,
 }
 
 impl ActiveEventLoop {
@@ -583,27 +670,22 @@ impl ActiveEventLoop {
 }
 
 impl RootActiveEventLoop for ActiveEventLoop {
-    fn create_proxy(&self) -> RootEventLoopProxy {
-        let event_loop_proxy = EventLoopProxy {
-            proxy_wake_up: self.proxy_wake_up.clone(),
-            waker: self.app.create_waker(),
-        };
-        RootEventLoopProxy { event_loop_proxy }
+    fn create_proxy(&self) -> CoreEventLoopProxy {
+        CoreEventLoopProxy::new(self.event_loop_proxy.clone())
     }
 
     fn create_window(
         &self,
         window_attributes: WindowAttributes,
-    ) -> Result<RootWindow, error::OsError> {
-        let window = Window::new(self, window_attributes)?;
-        Ok(RootWindow { window })
+    ) -> Result<Box<dyn CoreWindow>, RequestError> {
+        Ok(Box::new(Window::new(self, window_attributes)?))
     }
 
     fn create_custom_cursor(
         &self,
         _source: CustomCursorSource,
-    ) -> Result<CustomCursor, ExternalError> {
-        Err(ExternalError::NotSupported(NotSupportedError::new()))
+    ) -> Result<CustomCursor, RequestError> {
+        Err(NotSupportedError::new("create_custom_cursor is not supported").into())
     }
 
     fn available_monitors(&self) -> Box<dyn Iterator<Item = RootMonitorHandle>> {
@@ -636,21 +718,15 @@ impl RootActiveEventLoop for ActiveEventLoop {
         self.exit.get()
     }
 
-    fn owned_display_handle(&self) -> RootOwnedDisplayHandle {
-        RootOwnedDisplayHandle { platform: OwnedDisplayHandle }
+    fn owned_display_handle(&self) -> CoreOwnedDisplayHandle {
+        CoreOwnedDisplayHandle::new(Arc::new(OwnedDisplayHandle))
     }
 
-    fn as_any(&self) -> &dyn Any {
-        self
-    }
-
-    #[cfg(feature = "rwh_06")]
     fn rwh_06_handle(&self) -> &dyn rwh_06::HasDisplayHandle {
         self
     }
 }
 
-#[cfg(feature = "rwh_06")]
 impl rwh_06::HasDisplayHandle for ActiveEventLoop {
     fn display_handle(&self) -> Result<rwh_06::DisplayHandle<'_>, rwh_06::HandleError> {
         let raw = rwh_06::AndroidDisplayHandle::new();
@@ -661,52 +737,10 @@ impl rwh_06::HasDisplayHandle for ActiveEventLoop {
 #[derive(Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
 pub(crate) struct OwnedDisplayHandle;
 
-impl OwnedDisplayHandle {
-    #[cfg(feature = "rwh_06")]
-    #[inline]
-    pub fn raw_display_handle_rwh_06(
-        &self,
-    ) -> Result<rwh_06::RawDisplayHandle, rwh_06::HandleError> {
-        Ok(rwh_06::AndroidDisplayHandle::new().into())
-    }
-}
-
-#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, Eq, Hash, Ord, PartialEq, PartialOrd)]
-pub(crate) struct WindowId;
-
-impl WindowId {
-    pub const fn dummy() -> Self {
-        WindowId
-    }
-}
-
-impl From<WindowId> for u64 {
-    fn from(_: WindowId) -> Self {
-        0
-    }
-}
-
-impl From<u64> for WindowId {
-    fn from(_: u64) -> Self {
-        Self
-    }
-}
-
-#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, Eq, Hash, Ord, PartialEq, PartialOrd)]
-pub struct DeviceId(i32);
-
-impl DeviceId {
-    pub const fn dummy() -> Self {
-        DeviceId(0)
-    }
-}
-
-#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, Eq, Hash, Ord, PartialEq, PartialOrd)]
-pub struct FingerId(i32);
-
-impl FingerId {
-    pub const fn dummy() -> Self {
-        FingerId(0)
+impl rwh_06::HasDisplayHandle for OwnedDisplayHandle {
+    fn display_handle(&self) -> Result<rwh_06::DisplayHandle<'_>, rwh_06::HandleError> {
+        let raw = rwh_06::AndroidDisplayHandle::new();
+        Ok(unsafe { rwh_06::DisplayHandle::borrow_raw(raw.into()) })
     }
 }
 
@@ -722,178 +756,23 @@ impl Window {
     pub(crate) fn new(
         el: &ActiveEventLoop,
         _window_attrs: window::WindowAttributes,
-    ) -> Result<Self, error::OsError> {
+    ) -> Result<Self, RequestError> {
         // FIXME this ignores requested window attributes
 
         Ok(Self { app: el.app.clone(), redraw_requester: el.redraw_requester.clone() })
     }
 
-    pub(crate) fn maybe_queue_on_main(&self, f: impl FnOnce(&Self) + Send + 'static) {
-        f(self)
+    pub fn config(&self) -> ConfigurationRef {
+        self.app.config()
     }
 
-    pub(crate) fn maybe_wait_on_main<R: Send>(&self, f: impl FnOnce(&Self) -> R + Send) -> R {
-        f(self)
+    pub fn content_rect(&self) -> Rect {
+        self.app.content_rect()
     }
 
-    pub fn id(&self) -> WindowId {
-        WindowId
-    }
-
-    pub fn primary_monitor(&self) -> Option<MonitorHandle> {
-        None
-    }
-
-    pub fn available_monitors(&self) -> Option<MonitorHandle> {
-        None
-    }
-
-    pub fn current_monitor(&self) -> Option<MonitorHandle> {
-        None
-    }
-
-    pub fn scale_factor(&self) -> f64 {
-        scale_factor(&self.app)
-    }
-
-    pub fn request_redraw(&self) {
-        self.redraw_requester.request_redraw()
-    }
-
-    pub fn pre_present_notify(&self) {}
-
-    pub fn inner_position(&self) -> Result<PhysicalPosition<i32>, error::NotSupportedError> {
-        Err(error::NotSupportedError::new())
-    }
-
-    pub fn outer_position(&self) -> Result<PhysicalPosition<i32>, error::NotSupportedError> {
-        Err(error::NotSupportedError::new())
-    }
-
-    pub fn set_outer_position(&self, _position: Position) {
-        // no effect
-    }
-
-    pub fn inner_size(&self) -> PhysicalSize<u32> {
-        self.outer_size()
-    }
-
-    pub fn request_inner_size(&self, _size: Size) -> Option<PhysicalSize<u32>> {
-        Some(self.inner_size())
-    }
-
-    pub fn outer_size(&self) -> PhysicalSize<u32> {
-        screen_size(&self.app)
-    }
-
-    pub fn set_min_inner_size(&self, _: Option<Size>) {}
-
-    pub fn set_max_inner_size(&self, _: Option<Size>) {}
-
-    pub fn resize_increments(&self) -> Option<PhysicalSize<u32>> {
-        None
-    }
-
-    pub fn set_resize_increments(&self, _increments: Option<Size>) {}
-
-    pub fn set_title(&self, _title: &str) {}
-
-    pub fn set_transparent(&self, _transparent: bool) {}
-
-    pub fn set_blur(&self, _blur: bool) {}
-
-    pub fn set_visible(&self, _visibility: bool) {}
-
-    pub fn is_visible(&self) -> Option<bool> {
-        None
-    }
-
-    pub fn set_resizable(&self, _resizeable: bool) {}
-
-    pub fn is_resizable(&self) -> bool {
-        false
-    }
-
-    pub fn set_enabled_buttons(&self, _buttons: WindowButtons) {}
-
-    pub fn enabled_buttons(&self) -> WindowButtons {
-        WindowButtons::all()
-    }
-
-    pub fn set_minimized(&self, _minimized: bool) {}
-
-    pub fn is_minimized(&self) -> Option<bool> {
-        None
-    }
-
-    pub fn set_maximized(&self, _maximized: bool) {}
-
-    pub fn is_maximized(&self) -> bool {
-        false
-    }
-
-    pub fn set_fullscreen(&self, _monitor: Option<Fullscreen>) {
-        warn!("Cannot set fullscreen on Android");
-    }
-
-    pub fn fullscreen(&self) -> Option<Fullscreen> {
-        None
-    }
-
-    pub fn set_decorations(&self, _decorations: bool) {}
-
-    pub fn is_decorated(&self) -> bool {
-        true
-    }
-
-    pub fn set_window_level(&self, _level: WindowLevel) {}
-
-    pub fn set_window_icon(&self, _window_icon: Option<crate::icon::Icon>) {}
-
-    pub fn set_ime_cursor_area(&self, _position: Position, _size: Size) {}
-
-    pub fn set_ime_allowed(&self, _allowed: bool) {}
-
-    pub fn set_ime_purpose(&self, _purpose: ImePurpose) {}
-
-    pub fn focus_window(&self) {}
-
-    pub fn request_user_attention(&self, _request_type: Option<window::UserAttentionType>) {}
-
-    pub fn set_cursor(&self, _: Cursor) {}
-
-    pub fn set_cursor_position(&self, _: Position) -> Result<(), error::ExternalError> {
-        Err(error::ExternalError::NotSupported(error::NotSupportedError::new()))
-    }
-
-    pub fn set_cursor_grab(&self, _: CursorGrabMode) -> Result<(), error::ExternalError> {
-        Err(error::ExternalError::NotSupported(error::NotSupportedError::new()))
-    }
-
-    pub fn set_cursor_visible(&self, _: bool) {}
-
-    pub fn drag_window(&self) -> Result<(), error::ExternalError> {
-        Err(error::ExternalError::NotSupported(error::NotSupportedError::new()))
-    }
-
-    pub fn drag_resize_window(
-        &self,
-        _direction: ResizeDirection,
-    ) -> Result<(), error::ExternalError> {
-        Err(error::ExternalError::NotSupported(error::NotSupportedError::new()))
-    }
-
-    #[inline]
-    pub fn show_window_menu(&self, _position: Position) {}
-
-    pub fn set_cursor_hittest(&self, _hittest: bool) -> Result<(), error::ExternalError> {
-        Err(error::ExternalError::NotSupported(error::NotSupportedError::new()))
-    }
-
-    #[cfg(feature = "rwh_06")]
     // Allow the usage of HasRawWindowHandle inside this function
     #[allow(deprecated)]
-    pub fn raw_window_handle_rwh_06(&self) -> Result<rwh_06::RawWindowHandle, rwh_06::HandleError> {
+    fn raw_window_handle_rwh_06(&self) -> Result<rwh_06::RawWindowHandle, rwh_06::HandleError> {
         use rwh_06::HasRawWindowHandle;
 
         if let Some(native_window) = self.app.native_window().as_ref() {
@@ -908,38 +787,212 @@ impl Window {
         }
     }
 
-    #[cfg(feature = "rwh_06")]
-    pub fn raw_display_handle_rwh_06(
-        &self,
-    ) -> Result<rwh_06::RawDisplayHandle, rwh_06::HandleError> {
+    fn raw_display_handle_rwh_06(&self) -> Result<rwh_06::RawDisplayHandle, rwh_06::HandleError> {
         Ok(rwh_06::RawDisplayHandle::Android(rwh_06::AndroidDisplayHandle::new()))
     }
+}
 
-    pub fn config(&self) -> ConfigurationRef {
-        self.app.config()
+impl rwh_06::HasDisplayHandle for Window {
+    fn display_handle(&self) -> Result<rwh_06::DisplayHandle<'_>, rwh_06::HandleError> {
+        let raw = self.raw_display_handle_rwh_06()?;
+        unsafe { Ok(rwh_06::DisplayHandle::borrow_raw(raw)) }
+    }
+}
+
+impl rwh_06::HasWindowHandle for Window {
+    fn window_handle(&self) -> Result<rwh_06::WindowHandle<'_>, rwh_06::HandleError> {
+        let raw = self.raw_window_handle_rwh_06()?;
+        unsafe { Ok(rwh_06::WindowHandle::borrow_raw(raw)) }
+    }
+}
+
+impl CoreWindow for Window {
+    fn id(&self) -> WindowId {
+        GLOBAL_WINDOW
     }
 
-    pub fn content_rect(&self) -> Rect {
-        self.app.content_rect()
-    }
-
-    pub fn set_theme(&self, _theme: Option<Theme>) {}
-
-    pub fn theme(&self) -> Option<Theme> {
+    fn primary_monitor(&self) -> Option<RootMonitorHandle> {
         None
     }
 
-    pub fn set_content_protected(&self, _protected: bool) {}
+    fn available_monitors(&self) -> Box<dyn Iterator<Item = RootMonitorHandle>> {
+        Box::new(std::iter::empty())
+    }
 
-    pub fn has_focus(&self) -> bool {
+    fn current_monitor(&self) -> Option<RootMonitorHandle> {
+        None
+    }
+
+    fn scale_factor(&self) -> f64 {
+        scale_factor(&self.app)
+    }
+
+    fn request_redraw(&self) {
+        self.redraw_requester.request_redraw()
+    }
+
+    fn pre_present_notify(&self) {}
+
+    fn surface_position(&self) -> PhysicalPosition<i32> {
+        (0, 0).into()
+    }
+
+    fn outer_position(&self) -> Result<PhysicalPosition<i32>, RequestError> {
+        Err(NotSupportedError::new("outer_position is not supported").into())
+    }
+
+    fn set_outer_position(&self, _position: Position) {
+        // no effect
+    }
+
+    fn surface_size(&self) -> PhysicalSize<u32> {
+        self.outer_size()
+    }
+
+    fn request_surface_size(&self, _size: Size) -> Option<PhysicalSize<u32>> {
+        Some(self.surface_size())
+    }
+
+    fn outer_size(&self) -> PhysicalSize<u32> {
+        screen_size(&self.app)
+    }
+
+    fn safe_area(&self) -> PhysicalInsets<u32> {
+        PhysicalInsets::new(0, 0, 0, 0)
+    }
+
+    fn set_min_surface_size(&self, _: Option<Size>) {}
+
+    fn set_max_surface_size(&self, _: Option<Size>) {}
+
+    fn surface_resize_increments(&self) -> Option<PhysicalSize<u32>> {
+        None
+    }
+
+    fn set_surface_resize_increments(&self, _increments: Option<Size>) {}
+
+    fn set_title(&self, _title: &str) {}
+
+    fn set_transparent(&self, _transparent: bool) {}
+
+    fn set_blur(&self, _blur: bool) {}
+
+    fn set_visible(&self, _visibility: bool) {}
+
+    fn is_visible(&self) -> Option<bool> {
+        None
+    }
+
+    fn set_resizable(&self, _resizeable: bool) {}
+
+    fn is_resizable(&self) -> bool {
+        false
+    }
+
+    fn set_enabled_buttons(&self, _buttons: WindowButtons) {}
+
+    fn enabled_buttons(&self) -> WindowButtons {
+        WindowButtons::all()
+    }
+
+    fn set_minimized(&self, _minimized: bool) {}
+
+    fn is_minimized(&self) -> Option<bool> {
+        None
+    }
+
+    fn set_maximized(&self, _maximized: bool) {}
+
+    fn is_maximized(&self) -> bool {
+        false
+    }
+
+    fn set_fullscreen(&self, _monitor: Option<Fullscreen>) {
+        warn!("Cannot set fullscreen on Android");
+    }
+
+    fn fullscreen(&self) -> Option<Fullscreen> {
+        None
+    }
+
+    fn set_decorations(&self, _decorations: bool) {}
+
+    fn is_decorated(&self) -> bool {
+        true
+    }
+
+    fn set_window_level(&self, _level: WindowLevel) {}
+
+    fn set_window_icon(&self, _window_icon: Option<crate::icon::Icon>) {}
+
+    fn set_ime_cursor_area(&self, _position: Position, _size: Size) {}
+
+    fn set_ime_allowed(&self, allowed: bool) {
+        if allowed {
+            self.app.show_soft_input(true);
+        } else {
+            self.app.hide_soft_input(true);
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn set_ime_purpose(&self, _purpose: ImePurpose) {}
+
+    fn focus_window(&self) {}
+
+    fn request_user_attention(&self, _request_type: Option<window::UserAttentionType>) {}
+
+    fn set_cursor(&self, _: Cursor) {}
+
+    fn set_cursor_position(&self, _: Position) -> Result<(), RequestError> {
+        Err(NotSupportedError::new("set_cursor_position is not supported").into())
+    }
+
+    fn set_cursor_grab(&self, _: CursorGrabMode) -> Result<(), RequestError> {
+        Err(NotSupportedError::new("set_cursor_grab is not supported").into())
+    }
+
+    fn set_cursor_visible(&self, _: bool) {}
+
+    fn drag_window(&self) -> Result<(), RequestError> {
+        Err(NotSupportedError::new("drag_window is not supported").into())
+    }
+
+    fn drag_resize_window(&self, _direction: ResizeDirection) -> Result<(), RequestError> {
+        Err(NotSupportedError::new("drag_resize_window").into())
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn show_window_menu(&self, _position: Position) {}
+
+    fn set_cursor_hittest(&self, _hittest: bool) -> Result<(), RequestError> {
+        Err(NotSupportedError::new("set_cursor_hittest is not supported").into())
+    }
+
+    fn set_theme(&self, _theme: Option<Theme>) {}
+
+    fn theme(&self) -> Option<Theme> {
+        None
+    }
+
+    fn set_content_protected(&self, _protected: bool) {}
+
+    fn has_focus(&self) -> bool {
         HAS_FOCUS.load(Ordering::Relaxed)
     }
 
-    pub fn title(&self) -> String {
+    fn title(&self) -> String {
         String::new()
     }
 
-    pub fn reset_dead_keys(&self) {}
+    fn reset_dead_keys(&self) {}
+
+    fn rwh_06_display_handle(&self) -> &dyn rwh_06::HasDisplayHandle {
+        self
+    }
+
+    fn rwh_06_window_handle(&self) -> &dyn rwh_06::HasWindowHandle {
+        self
+    }
 }
 
 #[derive(Default, Clone, Debug)]

src/platform_impl/apple/appkit/app.rs

@@ -1,11 +1,12 @@
 #![allow(clippy::unnecessary_cast)]
 
+use std::rc::Rc;
+
 use objc2::{declare_class, msg_send, mutability, ClassType, DeclaredClass};
 use objc2_app_kit::{NSApplication, NSEvent, NSEventModifierFlags, NSEventType, NSResponder};
 use objc2_foundation::{MainThreadMarker, NSObject};
 
-use super::app_state::ApplicationDelegate;
-use super::DEVICE_ID;
+use super::app_state::AppState;
 use crate::event::{DeviceEvent, ElementState};
 
 declare_class!(
@@ -38,15 +39,15 @@ declare_class!(
                     key_window.sendEvent(event);
                 }
             } else {
-                let delegate = ApplicationDelegate::get(MainThreadMarker::from(self));
-                maybe_dispatch_device_event(&delegate, event);
+                let app_state = AppState::get(MainThreadMarker::from(self));
+                maybe_dispatch_device_event(&app_state, event);
                 unsafe { msg_send![super(self), sendEvent: event] }
             }
         }
     }
 );
 
-fn maybe_dispatch_device_event(delegate: &ApplicationDelegate, event: &NSEvent) {
+fn maybe_dispatch_device_event(app_state: &Rc<AppState>, event: &NSEvent) {
     let event_type = unsafe { event.r#type() };
     #[allow(non_upper_case_globals)]
     match event_type {
@@ -58,8 +59,8 @@ fn maybe_dispatch_device_event(delegate: &ApplicationDelegate, event: &NSEvent)
             let delta_y = unsafe { event.deltaY() } as f64;
 
             if delta_x != 0.0 || delta_y != 0.0 {
-                delegate.maybe_queue_with_handler(move |app, event_loop| {
-                    app.device_event(event_loop, DEVICE_ID, DeviceEvent::MouseMotion {
+                app_state.maybe_queue_with_handler(move |app, event_loop| {
+                    app.device_event(event_loop, None, DeviceEvent::PointerMotion {
                         delta: (delta_x, delta_y),
                     });
                 });
@@ -67,8 +68,8 @@ fn maybe_dispatch_device_event(delegate: &ApplicationDelegate, event: &NSEvent)
         },
         NSEventType::LeftMouseDown | NSEventType::RightMouseDown | NSEventType::OtherMouseDown => {
             let button = unsafe { event.buttonNumber() } as u32;
-            delegate.maybe_queue_with_handler(move |app, event_loop| {
-                app.device_event(event_loop, DEVICE_ID, DeviceEvent::Button {
+            app_state.maybe_queue_with_handler(move |app, event_loop| {
+                app.device_event(event_loop, None, DeviceEvent::Button {
                     button,
                     state: ElementState::Pressed,
                 });
@@ -76,8 +77,8 @@ fn maybe_dispatch_device_event(delegate: &ApplicationDelegate, event: &NSEvent)
         },
         NSEventType::LeftMouseUp | NSEventType::RightMouseUp | NSEventType::OtherMouseUp => {
             let button = unsafe { event.buttonNumber() } as u32;
-            delegate.maybe_queue_with_handler(move |app, event_loop| {
-                app.device_event(event_loop, DEVICE_ID, DeviceEvent::Button {
+            app_state.maybe_queue_with_handler(move |app, event_loop| {
+                app.device_event(event_loop, None, DeviceEvent::Button {
                     button,
                     state: ElementState::Released,
                 });

src/platform_impl/apple/appkit/app_state.rs

@@ -1,31 +1,30 @@
-use std::cell::{Cell, RefCell};
+use std::cell::{Cell, OnceCell, RefCell};
 use std::mem;
-use std::rc::Weak;
-use std::sync::atomic::{AtomicBool, Ordering as AtomicOrdering};
+use std::rc::{Rc, Weak};
+use std::sync::atomic::Ordering as AtomicOrdering;
 use std::sync::Arc;
 use std::time::Instant;
 
-use objc2::rc::Retained;
-use objc2::{declare_class, msg_send_id, mutability, ClassType, DeclaredClass};
-use objc2_app_kit::{NSApplication, NSApplicationActivationPolicy, NSApplicationDelegate};
-use objc2_foundation::{MainThreadMarker, NSNotification, NSObject, NSObjectProtocol};
+use objc2_app_kit::{NSApplication, NSApplicationActivationPolicy, NSRunningApplication};
+use objc2_foundation::{MainThreadMarker, NSNotification};
 
-use super::event_handler::EventHandler;
-use super::event_loop::{stop_app_immediately, ActiveEventLoop, PanicInfo};
+use super::super::event_handler::EventHandler;
+use super::event_loop::{stop_app_immediately, ActiveEventLoop, EventLoopProxy, PanicInfo};
+use super::menu;
 use super::observer::{EventLoopWaker, RunLoop};
-use super::{menu, WindowId};
 use crate::application::ApplicationHandler;
 use crate::event::{StartCause, WindowEvent};
 use crate::event_loop::ControlFlow;
-use crate::window::WindowId as RootWindowId;
+use crate::window::WindowId;
 
 #[derive(Debug)]
 pub(super) struct AppState {
-    activation_policy: NSApplicationActivationPolicy,
+    mtm: MainThreadMarker,
+    activation_policy: Option<NSApplicationActivationPolicy>,
     default_menu: bool,
     activate_ignoring_other_apps: bool,
     run_loop: RunLoop,
-    proxy_wake_up: Arc<AtomicBool>,
+    event_loop_proxy: Arc<EventLoopProxy>,
     event_handler: EventHandler,
     stop_on_launch: Cell<bool>,
     stop_before_wait: Cell<bool>,
@@ -46,45 +45,34 @@ pub(super) struct AppState {
     // as such should be careful to not add fields that, in turn, strongly reference those.
 }
 
-declare_class!(
-    #[derive(Debug)]
-    pub(super) struct ApplicationDelegate;
+// TODO(madsmtm): Use `MainThreadBound` once that is possible in `static`s.
+struct StaticMainThreadBound<T>(T);
 
-    unsafe impl ClassType for ApplicationDelegate {
-        type Super = NSObject;
-        type Mutability = mutability::MainThreadOnly;
-        const NAME: &'static str = "WinitApplicationDelegate";
+impl<T> StaticMainThreadBound<T> {
+    const fn get(&self, _mtm: MainThreadMarker) -> &T {
+        &self.0
     }
+}
 
-    impl DeclaredClass for ApplicationDelegate {
-        type Ivars = AppState;
-    }
+unsafe impl<T> Send for StaticMainThreadBound<T> {}
+unsafe impl<T> Sync for StaticMainThreadBound<T> {}
 
-    unsafe impl NSObjectProtocol for ApplicationDelegate {}
+// SAFETY: Creating `StaticMainThreadBound` in a `const` context, where there is no concept of the
+// main thread.
+static GLOBAL: StaticMainThreadBound<OnceCell<Rc<AppState>>> =
+    StaticMainThreadBound(OnceCell::new());
 
-    unsafe impl NSApplicationDelegate for ApplicationDelegate {
-        #[method(applicationDidFinishLaunching:)]
-        fn app_did_finish_launching(&self, notification: &NSNotification) {
-            self.did_finish_launching(notification)
-        }
-
-        #[method(applicationWillTerminate:)]
-        fn app_will_terminate(&self, notification: &NSNotification) {
-            self.will_terminate(notification)
-        }
-    }
-);
-
-impl ApplicationDelegate {
-    pub(super) fn new(
+impl AppState {
+    pub(super) fn setup_global(
         mtm: MainThreadMarker,
-        activation_policy: NSApplicationActivationPolicy,
+        activation_policy: Option<NSApplicationActivationPolicy>,
         default_menu: bool,
         activate_ignoring_other_apps: bool,
-    ) -> Retained<Self> {
-        let this = mtm.alloc().set_ivars(AppState {
+    ) -> Rc<Self> {
+        let this = Rc::new(AppState {
+            mtm,
             activation_policy,
-            proxy_wake_up: Arc::new(AtomicBool::new(false)),
+            event_loop_proxy: Arc::new(EventLoopProxy::new()),
             default_menu,
             activate_ignoring_other_apps,
             run_loop: RunLoop::main(mtm),
@@ -102,33 +90,56 @@ impl ApplicationDelegate {
             wait_timeout: Cell::new(None),
             pending_redraw: RefCell::new(vec![]),
         });
-        unsafe { msg_send_id![super(this), init] }
+
+        GLOBAL.get(mtm).set(this.clone()).expect("application state can only be set once");
+        this
     }
 
-    // NOTE: This will, globally, only be run once, no matter how many
-    // `EventLoop`s the user creates.
-    fn did_finish_launching(&self, _notification: &NSNotification) {
-        trace_scope!("applicationDidFinishLaunching:");
-        self.ivars().is_launched.set(true);
+    pub fn get(mtm: MainThreadMarker) -> Rc<Self> {
+        GLOBAL
+            .get(mtm)
+            .get()
+            .expect("tried to get application state before it was registered")
+            .clone()
+    }
 
-        let mtm = MainThreadMarker::from(self);
-        let app = NSApplication::sharedApplication(mtm);
+    // NOTE: This notification will, globally, only be emitted once,
+    // no matter how many `EventLoop`s the user creates.
+    pub fn did_finish_launching(self: &Rc<Self>, _notification: &NSNotification) {
+        trace_scope!("NSApplicationDidFinishLaunchingNotification");
+        self.is_launched.set(true);
+
+        let app = NSApplication::sharedApplication(self.mtm);
         // We need to delay setting the activation policy and activating the app
         // until `applicationDidFinishLaunching` has been called. Otherwise the
         // menu bar is initially unresponsive on macOS 10.15.
-        app.setActivationPolicy(self.ivars().activation_policy);
+        if let Some(activation_policy) = self.activation_policy {
+            app.setActivationPolicy(activation_policy);
+        } else {
+            // If no activation policy is explicitly provided, and the application
+            // is bundled, do not set the activation policy at all, to allow the
+            // package manifest to define the behavior via LSUIElement.
+            //
+            // See:
+            // - https://github.com/rust-windowing/winit/issues/261
+            // - https://github.com/rust-windowing/winit/issues/3958
+            let is_bundled =
+                unsafe { NSRunningApplication::currentApplication().bundleIdentifier().is_some() };
+            if !is_bundled {
+                app.setActivationPolicy(NSApplicationActivationPolicy::Regular);
+            }
+        }
 
-        window_activation_hack(&app);
         #[allow(deprecated)]
-        app.activateIgnoringOtherApps(self.ivars().activate_ignoring_other_apps);
+        app.activateIgnoringOtherApps(self.activate_ignoring_other_apps);
 
-        if self.ivars().default_menu {
+        if self.default_menu {
             // The menubar initialization should be before the `NewEvents` event, to allow
             // overriding of the default menu even if it's created
             menu::initialize(&app);
         }
 
-        self.ivars().waker.borrow_mut().start();
+        self.waker.borrow_mut().start();
 
         self.set_is_running(true);
         self.dispatch_init_events();
@@ -138,77 +149,65 @@ impl ApplicationDelegate {
         //
         // In this case we still want to consider Winit's `EventLoop` to be "running",
         // so we call `start_running()` above.
-        if self.ivars().stop_on_launch.get() {
+        if self.stop_on_launch.get() {
             // NOTE: the original idea had been to only stop the underlying `RunLoop`
             // for the app but that didn't work as expected (`-[NSApplication run]`
             // effectively ignored the attempt to stop the RunLoop and re-started it).
             //
             // So we return from `pump_events` by stopping the application.
-            let app = NSApplication::sharedApplication(mtm);
+            let app = NSApplication::sharedApplication(self.mtm);
             stop_app_immediately(&app);
         }
     }
 
-    fn will_terminate(&self, _notification: &NSNotification) {
-        trace_scope!("applicationWillTerminate:");
+    pub fn will_terminate(self: &Rc<Self>, _notification: &NSNotification) {
+        trace_scope!("NSApplicationWillTerminateNotification");
         // TODO: Notify every window that it will be destroyed, like done in iOS?
         self.internal_exit();
     }
 
-    pub fn get(mtm: MainThreadMarker) -> Retained<Self> {
-        let app = NSApplication::sharedApplication(mtm);
-        let delegate =
-            unsafe { app.delegate() }.expect("a delegate was not configured on the application");
-        if delegate.is_kind_of::<Self>() {
-            // SAFETY: Just checked that the delegate is an instance of `ApplicationDelegate`
-            unsafe { Retained::cast(delegate) }
-        } else {
-            panic!("tried to get a delegate that was not the one Winit has registered")
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Place the event handler in the application delegate for the duration
+    /// Place the event handler in the application state for the duration
     /// of the given closure.
     pub fn set_event_handler<R>(
         &self,
         handler: &mut dyn ApplicationHandler,
         closure: impl FnOnce() -> R,
     ) -> R {
-        self.ivars().event_handler.set(handler, closure)
+        self.event_handler.set(handler, closure)
     }
 
-    pub fn proxy_wake_up(&self) -> Arc<AtomicBool> {
-        self.ivars().proxy_wake_up.clone()
+    pub fn event_loop_proxy(&self) -> &Arc<EventLoopProxy> {
+        &self.event_loop_proxy
     }
 
     /// If `pump_events` is called to progress the event loop then we
     /// bootstrap the event loop via `-[NSApplication run]` but will use
     /// `CFRunLoopRunInMode` for subsequent calls to `pump_events`.
     pub fn set_stop_on_launch(&self) {
-        self.ivars().stop_on_launch.set(true);
+        self.stop_on_launch.set(true);
     }
 
     pub fn set_stop_before_wait(&self, value: bool) {
-        self.ivars().stop_before_wait.set(value)
+        self.stop_before_wait.set(value)
     }
 
     pub fn set_stop_after_wait(&self, value: bool) {
-        self.ivars().stop_after_wait.set(value)
+        self.stop_after_wait.set(value)
     }
 
     pub fn set_stop_on_redraw(&self, value: bool) {
-        self.ivars().stop_on_redraw.set(value)
+        self.stop_on_redraw.set(value)
     }
 
     pub fn set_wait_timeout(&self, value: Option<Instant>) {
-        self.ivars().wait_timeout.set(value)
+        self.wait_timeout.set(value)
     }
 
     /// Clears the `running` state and resets the `control_flow` state when an `EventLoop` exits.
     ///
     /// NOTE: that if the `NSApplication` has been launched then that state is preserved,
     /// and we won't need to re-launch the app if subsequent EventLoops are run.
-    pub fn internal_exit(&self) {
+    pub fn internal_exit(self: &Rc<Self>) {
         self.with_handler(|app, event_loop| {
             app.exiting(event_loop);
         });
@@ -221,67 +220,66 @@ impl ApplicationDelegate {
     }
 
     pub fn is_launched(&self) -> bool {
-        self.ivars().is_launched.get()
+        self.is_launched.get()
     }
 
     pub fn set_is_running(&self, value: bool) {
-        self.ivars().is_running.set(value)
+        self.is_running.set(value)
     }
 
     pub fn is_running(&self) -> bool {
-        self.ivars().is_running.get()
+        self.is_running.get()
     }
 
     pub fn exit(&self) {
-        self.ivars().exit.set(true)
+        self.exit.set(true)
     }
 
     pub fn clear_exit(&self) {
-        self.ivars().exit.set(false)
+        self.exit.set(false)
     }
 
     pub fn exiting(&self) -> bool {
-        self.ivars().exit.get()
+        self.exit.get()
     }
 
     pub fn set_control_flow(&self, value: ControlFlow) {
-        self.ivars().control_flow.set(value)
+        self.control_flow.set(value)
     }
 
     pub fn control_flow(&self) -> ControlFlow {
-        self.ivars().control_flow.get()
+        self.control_flow.get()
     }
 
-    pub fn handle_redraw(&self, window_id: WindowId) {
-        let mtm = MainThreadMarker::from(self);
+    pub fn handle_redraw(self: &Rc<Self>, window_id: WindowId) {
         // Redraw request might come out of order from the OS.
         // -> Don't go back into the event handler when our callstack originates from there
-        if !self.ivars().event_handler.in_use() {
+        if !self.event_handler.in_use() {
             self.with_handler(|app, event_loop| {
-                app.window_event(event_loop, RootWindowId(window_id), WindowEvent::RedrawRequested);
+                app.window_event(event_loop, window_id, WindowEvent::RedrawRequested);
             });
 
             // `pump_events` will request to stop immediately _after_ dispatching RedrawRequested
             // events as a way to ensure that `pump_events` can't block an external loop
             // indefinitely
-            if self.ivars().stop_on_redraw.get() {
-                let app = NSApplication::sharedApplication(mtm);
+            if self.stop_on_redraw.get() {
+                let app = NSApplication::sharedApplication(self.mtm);
                 stop_app_immediately(&app);
             }
         }
     }
 
     pub fn queue_redraw(&self, window_id: WindowId) {
-        let mut pending_redraw = self.ivars().pending_redraw.borrow_mut();
+        let mut pending_redraw = self.pending_redraw.borrow_mut();
         if !pending_redraw.contains(&window_id) {
             pending_redraw.push(window_id);
         }
-        self.ivars().run_loop.wakeup();
+        self.run_loop.wakeup();
     }
 
     #[track_caller]
     pub fn maybe_queue_with_handler(
-        &self,
+        self: &Rc<Self>,
         callback: impl FnOnce(&mut dyn ApplicationHandler, &ActiveEventLoop) + 'static,
     ) {
         // Most programmer actions in AppKit (e.g. change window fullscreen, set focused, etc.)
@@ -290,26 +288,28 @@ impl ApplicationDelegate {
         // However, it is not documented which actions do this, and which ones are done immediately,
         // so to make sure that we don't encounter re-entrancy issues, we first check if we're
         // currently handling another event, and if we are, we queue the event instead.
-        if !self.ivars().event_handler.in_use() {
+        if !self.event_handler.in_use() {
             self.with_handler(callback);
         } else {
             tracing::debug!("had to queue event since another is currently being handled");
-            let this = self.retain();
-            self.ivars().run_loop.queue_closure(move || {
+            let this = Rc::clone(self);
+            self.run_loop.queue_closure(move || {
                 this.with_handler(callback);
             });
         }
     }
 
     #[track_caller]
-    fn with_handler(&self, callback: impl FnOnce(&mut dyn ApplicationHandler, &ActiveEventLoop)) {
-        let event_loop =
-            ActiveEventLoop { delegate: self.retain(), mtm: MainThreadMarker::from(self) };
-        self.ivars().event_handler.handle(callback, &event_loop);
+    fn with_handler(
+        self: &Rc<Self>,
+        callback: impl FnOnce(&mut dyn ApplicationHandler, &ActiveEventLoop),
+    ) {
+        let event_loop = ActiveEventLoop { app_state: Rc::clone(self), mtm: self.mtm };
+        self.event_handler.handle(|app| callback(app, &event_loop));
     }
 
     /// dispatch `NewEvents(Init)` + `Resumed`
-    pub fn dispatch_init_events(&self) {
+    pub fn dispatch_init_events(self: &Rc<Self>) {
         self.with_handler(|app, event_loop| app.new_events(event_loop, StartCause::Init));
         // NB: For consistency all platforms must call `can_create_surfaces` even though macOS
         // applications don't themselves have a formal surface destroy/create lifecycle.
@@ -317,23 +317,22 @@ impl ApplicationDelegate {
     }
 
     // Called by RunLoopObserver after finishing waiting for new events
-    pub fn wakeup(&self, panic_info: Weak<PanicInfo>) {
-        let mtm = MainThreadMarker::from(self);
+    pub fn wakeup(self: &Rc<Self>, panic_info: Weak<PanicInfo>) {
         let panic_info = panic_info
             .upgrade()
             .expect("The panic info must exist here. This failure indicates a developer error.");
 
         // Return when in event handler due to https://github.com/rust-windowing/winit/issues/1779
-        if panic_info.is_panicking() || !self.ivars().event_handler.ready() || !self.is_running() {
+        if panic_info.is_panicking() || !self.event_handler.ready() || !self.is_running() {
             return;
         }
 
-        if self.ivars().stop_after_wait.get() {
-            let app = NSApplication::sharedApplication(mtm);
+        if self.stop_after_wait.get() {
+            let app = NSApplication::sharedApplication(self.mtm);
             stop_app_immediately(&app);
         }
 
-        let start = self.ivars().start_time.get().unwrap();
+        let start = self.start_time.get().unwrap();
         let cause = match self.control_flow() {
             ControlFlow::Poll => StartCause::Poll,
             ControlFlow::Wait => StartCause::WaitCancelled { start, requested_resume: None },
@@ -350,8 +349,7 @@ impl ApplicationDelegate {
     }
 
     // Called by RunLoopObserver before waiting for new events
-    pub fn cleared(&self, panic_info: Weak<PanicInfo>) {
-        let mtm = MainThreadMarker::from(self);
+    pub fn cleared(self: &Rc<Self>, panic_info: Weak<PanicInfo>) {
         let panic_info = panic_info
             .upgrade()
             .expect("The panic info must exist here. This failure indicates a developer error.");
@@ -359,18 +357,18 @@ impl ApplicationDelegate {
         // Return when in event handler due to https://github.com/rust-windowing/winit/issues/1779
         // XXX: how does it make sense that `event_handler.ready()` can ever return `false` here if
         // we're about to return to the `CFRunLoop` to poll for new events?
-        if panic_info.is_panicking() || !self.ivars().event_handler.ready() || !self.is_running() {
+        if panic_info.is_panicking() || !self.event_handler.ready() || !self.is_running() {
             return;
         }
 
-        if self.ivars().proxy_wake_up.swap(false, AtomicOrdering::Relaxed) {
+        if self.event_loop_proxy.wake_up.swap(false, AtomicOrdering::Relaxed) {
             self.with_handler(|app, event_loop| app.proxy_wake_up(event_loop));
         }
 
-        let redraw = mem::take(&mut *self.ivars().pending_redraw.borrow_mut());
+        let redraw = mem::take(&mut *self.pending_redraw.borrow_mut());
         for window_id in redraw {
             self.with_handler(|app, event_loop| {
-                app.window_event(event_loop, RootWindowId(window_id), WindowEvent::RedrawRequested);
+                app.window_event(event_loop, window_id, WindowEvent::RedrawRequested);
             });
         }
         self.with_handler(|app, event_loop| {
@@ -378,22 +376,22 @@ impl ApplicationDelegate {
         });
 
         if self.exiting() {
-            let app = NSApplication::sharedApplication(mtm);
+            let app = NSApplication::sharedApplication(self.mtm);
             stop_app_immediately(&app);
         }
 
-        if self.ivars().stop_before_wait.get() {
-            let app = NSApplication::sharedApplication(mtm);
+        if self.stop_before_wait.get() {
+            let app = NSApplication::sharedApplication(self.mtm);
             stop_app_immediately(&app);
         }
-        self.ivars().start_time.set(Some(Instant::now()));
-        let wait_timeout = self.ivars().wait_timeout.get(); // configured by pump_events
+        self.start_time.set(Some(Instant::now()));
+        let wait_timeout = self.wait_timeout.get(); // configured by pump_events
         let app_timeout = match self.control_flow() {
             ControlFlow::Wait => None,
             ControlFlow::Poll => Some(Instant::now()),
             ControlFlow::WaitUntil(instant) => Some(instant),
         };
-        self.ivars().waker.borrow_mut().start_at(min_timeout(wait_timeout, app_timeout));
+        self.waker.borrow_mut().start_at(min_timeout(wait_timeout, app_timeout));
     }
 }
 
@@ -403,26 +401,3 @@ impl ApplicationDelegate {
 fn min_timeout(a: Option<Instant>, b: Option<Instant>) -> Option<Instant> {
     a.map_or(b, |a_timeout| b.map_or(Some(a_timeout), |b_timeout| Some(a_timeout.min(b_timeout))))
 }
-
-/// A hack to make activation of multiple windows work when creating them before
-/// `applicationDidFinishLaunching:` / `Event::Event::NewEvents(StartCause::Init)`.
-///
-/// Alternative to this would be the user calling `window.set_visible(true)` in
-/// `StartCause::Init`.
-///
-/// If this becomes too bothersome to maintain, it can probably be removed
-/// without too much damage.
-fn window_activation_hack(app: &NSApplication) {
-    // TODO: Proper ordering of the windows
-    app.windows().into_iter().for_each(|window| {
-        // Call `makeKeyAndOrderFront` if it was called on the window in `WinitWindow::new`
-        // This way we preserve the user's desired initial visibility status
-        // TODO: Also filter on the type/"level" of the window, and maybe other things?
-        if window.isVisible() {
-            tracing::trace!("Activating visible window");
-            window.makeKeyAndOrderFront(None);
-        } else {
-            tracing::trace!("Skipping activating invisible window");
-        }
-    })
-}

src/platform_impl/apple/appkit/cursor.rs

@@ -11,9 +11,8 @@ use objc2_foundation::{
     NSString,
 };
 
-use super::OsError;
 use crate::cursor::{CursorImage, OnlyCursorImageSource};
-use crate::error::ExternalError;
+use crate::error::RequestError;
 use crate::window::CursorIcon;
 
 #[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
@@ -25,12 +24,12 @@ unsafe impl Send for CustomCursor {}
 unsafe impl Sync for CustomCursor {}
 
 impl CustomCursor {
-    pub(crate) fn new(cursor: OnlyCursorImageSource) -> Result<CustomCursor, ExternalError> {
+    pub(crate) fn new(cursor: OnlyCursorImageSource) -> Result<CustomCursor, RequestError> {
         cursor_from_image(&cursor.0).map(Self)
     }
 }
 
-pub(crate) fn cursor_from_image(cursor: &CursorImage) -> Result<Retained<NSCursor>, ExternalError> {
+pub(crate) fn cursor_from_image(cursor: &CursorImage) -> Result<Retained<NSCursor>, RequestError> {
     let width = cursor.width;
     let height = cursor.height;
 
@@ -48,7 +47,7 @@ pub(crate) fn cursor_from_image(cursor: &CursorImage) -> Result<Retained<NSCurso
             width as isize * 4,
             32,
         )
-    }.ok_or_else(|| ExternalError::Os(os_error!(OsError::CreationError("parent view should be installed in a window"))))?;
+    }.ok_or_else(|| os_error!("parent view should be installed in a window"))?;
     let bitmap_data = unsafe { slice::from_raw_parts_mut(bitmap.bitmapData(), cursor.rgba.len()) };
     bitmap_data.copy_from_slice(&cursor.rgba);
 

src/platform_impl/apple/appkit/event.rs

@@ -92,17 +92,12 @@ fn get_logical_key_char(ns_event: &NSEvent, modifierless_chars: &str) -> Key {
 /// Create `KeyEvent` for the given `NSEvent`.
 ///
 /// This function shouldn't be called when the IME input is in process.
-pub(crate) fn create_key_event(
-    ns_event: &NSEvent,
-    is_press: bool,
-    is_repeat: bool,
-    key_override: Option<PhysicalKey>,
-) -> KeyEvent {
+pub(crate) fn create_key_event(ns_event: &NSEvent, is_press: bool, is_repeat: bool) -> KeyEvent {
     use ElementState::{Pressed, Released};
     let state = if is_press { Pressed } else { Released };
 
     let scancode = unsafe { ns_event.keyCode() };
-    let mut physical_key = key_override.unwrap_or_else(|| scancode_to_physicalkey(scancode as u32));
+    let mut physical_key = scancode_to_physicalkey(scancode as u32);
 
     // NOTE: The logical key should heed both SHIFT and ALT if possible.
     // For instance:
@@ -111,20 +106,15 @@ pub(crate) fn create_key_event(
     // * Pressing CTRL SHIFT A: logical key should also be "A"
     // This is not easy to tease out of `NSEvent`, but we do our best.
 
-    let text_with_all_modifiers: Option<SmolStr> = if key_override.is_some() {
+    let characters = unsafe { ns_event.characters() }.map(|s| s.to_string()).unwrap_or_default();
+    let text_with_all_modifiers = if characters.is_empty() {
         None
     } else {
-        let characters =
-            unsafe { ns_event.characters() }.map(|s| s.to_string()).unwrap_or_default();
-        if characters.is_empty() {
-            None
-        } else {
-            if matches!(physical_key, PhysicalKey::Unidentified(_)) {
-                // The key may be one of the funky function keys
-                physical_key = extra_function_key_to_code(scancode, &characters);
-            }
-            Some(SmolStr::new(characters))
+        if matches!(physical_key, PhysicalKey::Unidentified(_)) {
+            // The key may be one of the funky function keys
+            physical_key = extra_function_key_to_code(scancode, &characters);
         }
+        Some(SmolStr::new(characters))
     };
 
     let key_from_code = code_to_key(physical_key, scancode);
@@ -377,6 +367,7 @@ pub(crate) fn physicalkey_to_scancode(physical_key: PhysicalKey) -> Option<u32>
         KeyCode::KeyX => Some(0x07),
         KeyCode::KeyC => Some(0x08),
         KeyCode::KeyV => Some(0x09),
+        KeyCode::IntlBackslash => Some(0x0a),
         KeyCode::KeyB => Some(0x0b),
         KeyCode::KeyQ => Some(0x0c),
         KeyCode::KeyW => Some(0x0d),
@@ -422,18 +413,21 @@ pub(crate) fn physicalkey_to_scancode(physical_key: PhysicalKey) -> Option<u32>
         KeyCode::SuperRight => Some(0x36),
         KeyCode::SuperLeft => Some(0x37),
         KeyCode::ShiftLeft => Some(0x38),
+        KeyCode::CapsLock => Some(0x39),
         KeyCode::AltLeft => Some(0x3a),
         KeyCode::ControlLeft => Some(0x3b),
         KeyCode::ShiftRight => Some(0x3c),
         KeyCode::AltRight => Some(0x3d),
         KeyCode::ControlRight => Some(0x3e),
+        KeyCode::Fn => Some(0x3f),
         KeyCode::F17 => Some(0x40),
         KeyCode::NumpadDecimal => Some(0x41),
         KeyCode::NumpadMultiply => Some(0x43),
         KeyCode::NumpadAdd => Some(0x45),
         KeyCode::NumLock => Some(0x47),
-        KeyCode::AudioVolumeUp => Some(0x49),
-        KeyCode::AudioVolumeDown => Some(0x4a),
+        KeyCode::AudioVolumeUp => Some(0x48),
+        KeyCode::AudioVolumeDown => Some(0x49),
+        KeyCode::AudioVolumeMute => Some(0x4a),
         KeyCode::NumpadDivide => Some(0x4b),
         KeyCode::NumpadEnter => Some(0x4c),
         KeyCode::NumpadSubtract => Some(0x4e),
@@ -452,17 +446,22 @@ pub(crate) fn physicalkey_to_scancode(physical_key: PhysicalKey) -> Option<u32>
         KeyCode::Numpad8 => Some(0x5b),
         KeyCode::Numpad9 => Some(0x5c),
         KeyCode::IntlYen => Some(0x5d),
+        KeyCode::IntlRo => Some(0x5e),
+        KeyCode::NumpadComma => Some(0x5f),
         KeyCode::F5 => Some(0x60),
         KeyCode::F6 => Some(0x61),
         KeyCode::F7 => Some(0x62),
         KeyCode::F3 => Some(0x63),
         KeyCode::F8 => Some(0x64),
         KeyCode::F9 => Some(0x65),
+        KeyCode::Lang2 => Some(0x66),
         KeyCode::F11 => Some(0x67),
+        KeyCode::Lang1 => Some(0x68),
         KeyCode::F13 => Some(0x69),
         KeyCode::F16 => Some(0x6a),
         KeyCode::F14 => Some(0x6b),
         KeyCode::F10 => Some(0x6d),
+        KeyCode::ContextMenu => Some(0x6e),
         KeyCode::F12 => Some(0x6f),
         KeyCode::F15 => Some(0x71),
         KeyCode::Insert => Some(0x72),
@@ -478,11 +477,26 @@ pub(crate) fn physicalkey_to_scancode(physical_key: PhysicalKey) -> Option<u32>
         KeyCode::ArrowRight => Some(0x7c),
         KeyCode::ArrowDown => Some(0x7d),
         KeyCode::ArrowUp => Some(0x7e),
+        KeyCode::Power => Some(0x7f),
         _ => None,
     }
 }
 
 pub(crate) fn scancode_to_physicalkey(scancode: u32) -> PhysicalKey {
+    // Follows what Chromium and Firefox do:
+    // https://chromium.googlesource.com/chromium/src.git/+/3e1a26c44c024d97dc9a4c09bbc6a2365398ca2c/ui/events/keycodes/dom/dom_code_data.inc
+    // https://searchfox.org/mozilla-central/rev/c597e9c789ad36af84a0370d395be066b7dc94f4/widget/NativeKeyToDOMCodeName.h
+    //
+    // See also:
+    // Carbon.framework/Versions/A/Frameworks/HIToolbox.framework/Versions/A/Headers/Events.h
+    //
+    // Also see https://developer.apple.com/documentation/appkit/function-key-unicode-values:
+    //
+    // > the system handles some function keys at a lower level and your app never sees them.
+    // > Examples include the Volume Up key, Volume Down key, Volume Mute key, Eject key, and
+    // > Function key found on many Macs.
+    //
+    // So the handling of some of these is mostly for show.
     PhysicalKey::Code(match scancode {
         0x00 => KeyCode::KeyA,
         0x01 => KeyCode::KeyS,
@@ -494,7 +508,11 @@ pub(crate) fn scancode_to_physicalkey(scancode: u32) -> PhysicalKey {
         0x07 => KeyCode::KeyX,
         0x08 => KeyCode::KeyC,
         0x09 => KeyCode::KeyV,
-        // 0x0a => World 1,
+        // This key is typically located near LeftShift key, roughly the same location as backquote
+        // (`) on Windows' US layout.
+        //
+        // The keycap varies on international keyboards.
+        0x0a => KeyCode::IntlBackslash,
         0x0b => KeyCode::KeyB,
         0x0c => KeyCode::KeyQ,
         0x0d => KeyCode::KeyW,
@@ -536,7 +554,7 @@ pub(crate) fn scancode_to_physicalkey(scancode: u32) -> PhysicalKey {
         0x31 => KeyCode::Space,
         0x32 => KeyCode::Backquote,
         0x33 => KeyCode::Backspace,
-        // 0x34 => unknown,
+        // 0x34 => unknown, // kVK_Powerbook_KeypadEnter
         0x35 => KeyCode::Escape,
         0x36 => KeyCode::SuperRight,
         0x37 => KeyCode::SuperLeft,
@@ -555,15 +573,10 @@ pub(crate) fn scancode_to_physicalkey(scancode: u32) -> PhysicalKey {
         // 0x44 => unknown,
         0x45 => KeyCode::NumpadAdd,
         // 0x46 => unknown,
-        0x47 => KeyCode::NumLock,
-        // 0x48 => KeyCode::NumpadClear,
-
-        // TODO: (Artur) for me, kVK_VolumeUp is 0x48
-        // macOS 10.11
-        // /System/Library/Frameworks/Carbon.framework/Versions/A/Frameworks/HIToolbox.framework/
-        // Versions/A/Headers/Events.h
-        0x49 => KeyCode::AudioVolumeUp,
-        0x4a => KeyCode::AudioVolumeDown,
+        0x47 => KeyCode::NumLock, // kVK_ANSI_KeypadClear
+        0x48 => KeyCode::AudioVolumeUp,
+        0x49 => KeyCode::AudioVolumeDown,
+        0x4a => KeyCode::AudioVolumeMute,
         0x4b => KeyCode::NumpadDivide,
         0x4c => KeyCode::NumpadEnter,
         // 0x4d => unknown,
@@ -583,23 +596,23 @@ pub(crate) fn scancode_to_physicalkey(scancode: u32) -> PhysicalKey {
         0x5b => KeyCode::Numpad8,
         0x5c => KeyCode::Numpad9,
         0x5d => KeyCode::IntlYen,
-        // 0x5e => JIS Ro,
-        // 0x5f => unknown,
+        0x5e => KeyCode::IntlRo,
+        0x5f => KeyCode::NumpadComma,
         0x60 => KeyCode::F5,
         0x61 => KeyCode::F6,
         0x62 => KeyCode::F7,
         0x63 => KeyCode::F3,
         0x64 => KeyCode::F8,
         0x65 => KeyCode::F9,
-        // 0x66 => JIS Eisuu (macOS),
+        0x66 => KeyCode::Lang2,
         0x67 => KeyCode::F11,
-        // 0x68 => JIS Kanna (macOS),
+        0x68 => KeyCode::Lang1,
         0x69 => KeyCode::F13,
         0x6a => KeyCode::F16,
         0x6b => KeyCode::F14,
         // 0x6c => unknown,
         0x6d => KeyCode::F10,
-        // 0x6e => unknown,
+        0x6e => KeyCode::ContextMenu,
         0x6f => KeyCode::F12,
         // 0x70 => unknown,
         0x71 => KeyCode::F15,
@@ -616,11 +629,7 @@ pub(crate) fn scancode_to_physicalkey(scancode: u32) -> PhysicalKey {
         0x7c => KeyCode::ArrowRight,
         0x7d => KeyCode::ArrowDown,
         0x7e => KeyCode::ArrowUp,
-        // 0x7f =>  unknown,
-
-        // 0xA is the caret (^) an macOS's German QERTZ layout. This key is at the same location as
-        // backquote (`) on Windows' US layout.
-        0xa => KeyCode::Backquote,
+        0x7f => KeyCode::Power, // On 10.7 and 10.8 only
         _ => return PhysicalKey::Unidentified(NativeKeyCode::MacOS(scancode as u16)),
     })
 }

src/platform_impl/apple/appkit/event_loop.rs

@@ -14,30 +14,33 @@ use core_foundation::runloop::{
     CFRunLoopSourceCreate, CFRunLoopSourceRef, CFRunLoopSourceSignal, CFRunLoopWakeUp,
 };
 use objc2::rc::{autoreleasepool, Retained};
-use objc2::runtime::ProtocolObject;
 use objc2::{msg_send_id, sel, ClassType};
-use objc2_app_kit::{NSApplication, NSApplicationActivationPolicy, NSWindow};
-use objc2_foundation::{MainThreadMarker, NSObjectProtocol};
+use objc2_app_kit::{
+    NSApplication, NSApplicationActivationPolicy, NSApplicationDidFinishLaunchingNotification,
+    NSApplicationWillTerminateNotification, NSWindow,
+};
+use objc2_foundation::{MainThreadMarker, NSNotificationCenter, NSObject, NSObjectProtocol};
+use rwh_06::HasDisplayHandle;
 
+use super::super::notification_center::create_observer;
 use super::app::WinitApplication;
-use super::app_state::ApplicationDelegate;
+use super::app_state::AppState;
 use super::cursor::CustomCursor;
 use super::event::dummy_event;
 use super::monitor;
 use super::observer::setup_control_flow_observers;
 use crate::application::ApplicationHandler;
-use crate::error::{EventLoopError, ExternalError};
+use crate::error::{EventLoopError, RequestError};
 use crate::event_loop::{
     ActiveEventLoop as RootActiveEventLoop, ControlFlow, DeviceEvents,
-    EventLoopProxy as RootEventLoopProxy, OwnedDisplayHandle as RootOwnedDisplayHandle,
+    EventLoopProxy as CoreEventLoopProxy, EventLoopProxyProvider,
+    OwnedDisplayHandle as CoreOwnedDisplayHandle,
 };
 use crate::monitor::MonitorHandle as RootMonitorHandle;
 use crate::platform::macos::ActivationPolicy;
 use crate::platform::pump_events::PumpStatus;
 use crate::platform_impl::Window;
-use crate::window::{
-    CustomCursor as RootCustomCursor, CustomCursorSource, Theme, Window as RootWindow,
-};
+use crate::window::{CustomCursor as RootCustomCursor, CustomCursorSource, Theme};
 
 #[derive(Default)]
 pub struct PanicInfo {
@@ -71,15 +74,11 @@ impl PanicInfo {
 
 #[derive(Debug)]
 pub struct ActiveEventLoop {
-    pub(super) delegate: Retained<ApplicationDelegate>,
+    pub(super) app_state: Rc<AppState>,
     pub(super) mtm: MainThreadMarker,
 }
 
 impl ActiveEventLoop {
-    pub(super) fn app_delegate(&self) -> &ApplicationDelegate {
-        &self.delegate
-    }
-
     pub(crate) fn hide_application(&self) {
         NSApplication::sharedApplication(self.mtm).hide(None)
     }
@@ -98,23 +97,21 @@ impl ActiveEventLoop {
 }
 
 impl RootActiveEventLoop for ActiveEventLoop {
-    fn create_proxy(&self) -> RootEventLoopProxy {
-        let event_loop_proxy = EventLoopProxy::new(self.delegate.proxy_wake_up());
-        RootEventLoopProxy { event_loop_proxy }
+    fn create_proxy(&self) -> CoreEventLoopProxy {
+        CoreEventLoopProxy::new(self.app_state.event_loop_proxy().clone())
     }
 
     fn create_window(
         &self,
         window_attributes: crate::window::WindowAttributes,
-    ) -> Result<crate::window::Window, crate::error::OsError> {
-        let window = Window::new(self, window_attributes)?;
-        Ok(RootWindow { window })
+    ) -> Result<Box<dyn crate::window::Window>, RequestError> {
+        Ok(Box::new(Window::new(self, window_attributes)?))
     }
 
     fn create_custom_cursor(
         &self,
         source: CustomCursorSource,
-    ) -> Result<RootCustomCursor, ExternalError> {
+    ) -> Result<RootCustomCursor, RequestError> {
         Ok(RootCustomCursor { inner: CustomCursor::new(source.inner)? })
     }
 
@@ -140,36 +137,30 @@ impl RootActiveEventLoop for ActiveEventLoop {
     }
 
     fn set_control_flow(&self, control_flow: ControlFlow) {
-        self.delegate.set_control_flow(control_flow)
+        self.app_state.set_control_flow(control_flow)
     }
 
     fn control_flow(&self) -> ControlFlow {
-        self.delegate.control_flow()
+        self.app_state.control_flow()
     }
 
     fn exit(&self) {
-        self.delegate.exit()
+        self.app_state.exit()
     }
 
     fn exiting(&self) -> bool {
-        self.delegate.exiting()
+        self.app_state.exiting()
     }
 
-    fn owned_display_handle(&self) -> RootOwnedDisplayHandle {
-        RootOwnedDisplayHandle { platform: OwnedDisplayHandle }
+    fn owned_display_handle(&self) -> CoreOwnedDisplayHandle {
+        CoreOwnedDisplayHandle::new(Arc::new(OwnedDisplayHandle))
     }
 
-    fn as_any(&self) -> &dyn Any {
-        self
-    }
-
-    #[cfg(feature = "rwh_06")]
     fn rwh_06_handle(&self) -> &dyn rwh_06::HasDisplayHandle {
         self
     }
 }
 
-#[cfg(feature = "rwh_06")]
 impl rwh_06::HasDisplayHandle for ActiveEventLoop {
     fn display_handle(&self) -> Result<rwh_06::DisplayHandle<'_>, rwh_06::HandleError> {
         let raw = rwh_06::RawDisplayHandle::AppKit(rwh_06::AppKitDisplayHandle::new());
@@ -183,30 +174,29 @@ pub struct EventLoop {
     /// We intentionally don't store `WinitApplication` since we want to have
     /// the possibility of swapping that out at some point.
     app: Retained<NSApplication>,
-    /// The application delegate that we've registered.
-    ///
-    /// The delegate is only weakly referenced by NSApplication, so we must
-    /// keep it around here as well.
-    delegate: Retained<ApplicationDelegate>,
+    app_state: Rc<AppState>,
 
     window_target: ActiveEventLoop,
     panic_info: Rc<PanicInfo>,
+
+    // Since macOS 10.11, we no longer need to remove the observers before they are deallocated;
+    // the system instead cleans it up next time it would have posted a notification to it.
+    //
+    // Though we do still need to keep the observers around to prevent them from being deallocated.
+    _did_finish_launching_observer: Retained<NSObject>,
+    _will_terminate_observer: Retained<NSObject>,
 }
 
 #[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
 pub(crate) struct PlatformSpecificEventLoopAttributes {
-    pub(crate) activation_policy: ActivationPolicy,
+    pub(crate) activation_policy: Option<ActivationPolicy>,
     pub(crate) default_menu: bool,
     pub(crate) activate_ignoring_other_apps: bool,
 }
 
 impl Default for PlatformSpecificEventLoopAttributes {
     fn default() -> Self {
-        Self {
-            activation_policy: Default::default(), // Regular
-            default_menu: true,
-            activate_ignoring_other_apps: true,
-        }
+        Self { activation_policy: None, default_menu: true, activate_ignoring_other_apps: true }
     }
 }
 
@@ -228,30 +218,55 @@ impl EventLoop {
         }
 
         let activation_policy = match attributes.activation_policy {
-            ActivationPolicy::Regular => NSApplicationActivationPolicy::Regular,
-            ActivationPolicy::Accessory => NSApplicationActivationPolicy::Accessory,
-            ActivationPolicy::Prohibited => NSApplicationActivationPolicy::Prohibited,
+            None => None,
+            Some(ActivationPolicy::Regular) => Some(NSApplicationActivationPolicy::Regular),
+            Some(ActivationPolicy::Accessory) => Some(NSApplicationActivationPolicy::Accessory),
+            Some(ActivationPolicy::Prohibited) => Some(NSApplicationActivationPolicy::Prohibited),
         };
 
-        let delegate = ApplicationDelegate::new(
+        let app_state = AppState::setup_global(
             mtm,
             activation_policy,
             attributes.default_menu,
             attributes.activate_ignoring_other_apps,
         );
 
-        autoreleasepool(|_| {
-            app.setDelegate(Some(ProtocolObject::from_ref(&*delegate)));
-        });
+        let center = unsafe { NSNotificationCenter::defaultCenter() };
+
+        let weak_app_state = Rc::downgrade(&app_state);
+        let _did_finish_launching_observer = create_observer(
+            &center,
+            // `applicationDidFinishLaunching:`
+            unsafe { NSApplicationDidFinishLaunchingNotification },
+            move |notification| {
+                if let Some(app_state) = weak_app_state.upgrade() {
+                    app_state.did_finish_launching(notification);
+                }
+            },
+        );
+
+        let weak_app_state = Rc::downgrade(&app_state);
+        let _will_terminate_observer = create_observer(
+            &center,
+            // `applicationWillTerminate:`
+            unsafe { NSApplicationWillTerminateNotification },
+            move |notification| {
+                if let Some(app_state) = weak_app_state.upgrade() {
+                    app_state.will_terminate(notification);
+                }
+            },
+        );
 
         let panic_info: Rc<PanicInfo> = Default::default();
         setup_control_flow_observers(mtm, Rc::downgrade(&panic_info));
 
         Ok(EventLoop {
             app,
-            delegate: delegate.clone(),
-            window_target: ActiveEventLoop { delegate, mtm },
+            app_state: app_state.clone(),
+            window_target: ActiveEventLoop { app_state, mtm },
             panic_info,
+            _did_finish_launching_observer,
+            _will_terminate_observer,
         })
     }
 
@@ -271,19 +286,19 @@ impl EventLoop {
         &mut self,
         mut app: A,
     ) -> Result<(), EventLoopError> {
-        self.delegate.clear_exit();
-        self.delegate.set_event_handler(&mut app, || {
+        self.app_state.clear_exit();
+        self.app_state.set_event_handler(&mut app, || {
             autoreleasepool(|_| {
                 // clear / normalize pump_events state
-                self.delegate.set_wait_timeout(None);
-                self.delegate.set_stop_before_wait(false);
-                self.delegate.set_stop_after_wait(false);
-                self.delegate.set_stop_on_redraw(false);
+                self.app_state.set_wait_timeout(None);
+                self.app_state.set_stop_before_wait(false);
+                self.app_state.set_stop_after_wait(false);
+                self.app_state.set_stop_on_redraw(false);
 
-                if self.delegate.is_launched() {
-                    debug_assert!(!self.delegate.is_running());
-                    self.delegate.set_is_running(true);
-                    self.delegate.dispatch_init_events();
+                if self.app_state.is_launched() {
+                    debug_assert!(!self.app_state.is_running());
+                    self.app_state.set_is_running(true);
+                    self.app_state.dispatch_init_events();
                 }
 
                 // SAFETY: We do not run the application re-entrantly
@@ -298,7 +313,7 @@ impl EventLoop {
                     resume_unwind(panic);
                 }
 
-                self.delegate.internal_exit()
+                self.app_state.internal_exit()
             })
         });
 
@@ -310,47 +325,47 @@ impl EventLoop {
         timeout: Option<Duration>,
         mut app: A,
     ) -> PumpStatus {
-        self.delegate.set_event_handler(&mut app, || {
+        self.app_state.set_event_handler(&mut app, || {
             autoreleasepool(|_| {
                 // As a special case, if the application hasn't been launched yet then we at least
                 // run the loop until it has fully launched.
-                if !self.delegate.is_launched() {
-                    debug_assert!(!self.delegate.is_running());
+                if !self.app_state.is_launched() {
+                    debug_assert!(!self.app_state.is_running());
 
-                    self.delegate.set_stop_on_launch();
+                    self.app_state.set_stop_on_launch();
                     // SAFETY: We do not run the application re-entrantly
                     unsafe { self.app.run() };
 
                     // Note: we dispatch `NewEvents(Init)` + `Resumed` events after the application
                     // has launched
-                } else if !self.delegate.is_running() {
+                } else if !self.app_state.is_running() {
                     // Even though the application may have been launched, it's possible we aren't
                     // running if the `EventLoop` was run before and has since
                     // exited. This indicates that we just starting to re-run
                     // the same `EventLoop` again.
-                    self.delegate.set_is_running(true);
-                    self.delegate.dispatch_init_events();
+                    self.app_state.set_is_running(true);
+                    self.app_state.dispatch_init_events();
                 } else {
                     // Only run for as long as the given `Duration` allows so we don't block the
                     // external loop.
                     match timeout {
                         Some(Duration::ZERO) => {
-                            self.delegate.set_wait_timeout(None);
-                            self.delegate.set_stop_before_wait(true);
+                            self.app_state.set_wait_timeout(None);
+                            self.app_state.set_stop_before_wait(true);
                         },
                         Some(duration) => {
-                            self.delegate.set_stop_before_wait(false);
+                            self.app_state.set_stop_before_wait(false);
                             let timeout = Instant::now() + duration;
-                            self.delegate.set_wait_timeout(Some(timeout));
-                            self.delegate.set_stop_after_wait(true);
+                            self.app_state.set_wait_timeout(Some(timeout));
+                            self.app_state.set_stop_after_wait(true);
                         },
                         None => {
-                            self.delegate.set_wait_timeout(None);
-                            self.delegate.set_stop_before_wait(false);
-                            self.delegate.set_stop_after_wait(true);
+                            self.app_state.set_wait_timeout(None);
+                            self.app_state.set_stop_before_wait(false);
+                            self.app_state.set_stop_after_wait(true);
                         },
                     }
-                    self.delegate.set_stop_on_redraw(true);
+                    self.app_state.set_stop_on_redraw(true);
                     // SAFETY: We do not run the application re-entrantly
                     unsafe { self.app.run() };
                 }
@@ -364,8 +379,8 @@ impl EventLoop {
                     resume_unwind(panic);
                 }
 
-                if self.delegate.exiting() {
-                    self.delegate.internal_exit();
+                if self.app_state.exiting() {
+                    self.app_state.internal_exit();
                     PumpStatus::Exit(0)
                 } else {
                     PumpStatus::Continue
@@ -375,16 +390,12 @@ impl EventLoop {
     }
 }
 
-#[derive(Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
 pub(crate) struct OwnedDisplayHandle;
 
-impl OwnedDisplayHandle {
-    #[cfg(feature = "rwh_06")]
-    #[inline]
-    pub fn raw_display_handle_rwh_06(
-        &self,
-    ) -> Result<rwh_06::RawDisplayHandle, rwh_06::HandleError> {
-        Ok(rwh_06::AppKitDisplayHandle::new().into())
+impl HasDisplayHandle for OwnedDisplayHandle {
+    fn display_handle(&self) -> Result<rwh_06::DisplayHandle<'_>, rwh_06::HandleError> {
+        let raw = rwh_06::RawDisplayHandle::AppKit(rwh_06::AppKitDisplayHandle::new());
+        unsafe { Ok(rwh_06::DisplayHandle::borrow_raw(raw)) }
     }
 }
 
@@ -423,8 +434,9 @@ pub fn stop_app_on_panic<F: FnOnce() -> R + UnwindSafe, R>(
     }
 }
 
+#[derive(Debug)]
 pub struct EventLoopProxy {
-    proxy_wake_up: Arc<AtomicBool>,
+    pub(crate) wake_up: AtomicBool,
     source: CFRunLoopSourceRef,
 }
 
@@ -439,14 +451,8 @@ impl Drop for EventLoopProxy {
     }
 }
 
-impl Clone for EventLoopProxy {
-    fn clone(&self) -> Self {
-        EventLoopProxy::new(self.proxy_wake_up.clone())
-    }
-}
-
 impl EventLoopProxy {
-    fn new(proxy_wake_up: Arc<AtomicBool>) -> Self {
+    pub(crate) fn new() -> Self {
         unsafe {
             // just wake up the eventloop
             extern "C" fn event_loop_proxy_handler(_: *const c_void) {}
@@ -470,14 +476,16 @@ impl EventLoopProxy {
             CFRunLoopAddSource(rl, source, kCFRunLoopCommonModes);
             CFRunLoopWakeUp(rl);
 
-            EventLoopProxy { proxy_wake_up, source }
+            EventLoopProxy { wake_up: AtomicBool::new(false), source }
         }
     }
+}
 
-    pub fn wake_up(&self) {
-        self.proxy_wake_up.store(true, AtomicOrdering::Relaxed);
+impl EventLoopProxyProvider for EventLoopProxy {
+    fn wake_up(&self) {
+        self.wake_up.store(true, AtomicOrdering::Relaxed);
         unsafe {
-            // let the main thread know there's a new event
+            // Let the main thread know there's a new event.
             CFRunLoopSourceSignal(self.source);
             let rl = CFRunLoopGetMain();
             CFRunLoopWakeUp(rl);

src/platform_impl/apple/appkit/mod.rs

@@ -5,7 +5,6 @@ mod app;
 mod app_state;
 mod cursor;
 mod event;
-mod event_handler;
 mod event_loop;
 mod ffi;
 mod menu;
@@ -15,54 +14,14 @@ mod view;
 mod window;
 mod window_delegate;
 
-use std::fmt;
-
 pub(crate) use self::cursor::CustomCursor as PlatformCustomCursor;
 pub(crate) use self::event::{physicalkey_to_scancode, scancode_to_physicalkey, KeyEventExtra};
 pub(crate) use self::event_loop::{
-    ActiveEventLoop, EventLoop, EventLoopProxy, OwnedDisplayHandle,
-    PlatformSpecificEventLoopAttributes,
+    ActiveEventLoop, EventLoop, PlatformSpecificEventLoopAttributes,
 };
 pub(crate) use self::monitor::{MonitorHandle, VideoModeHandle};
-pub(crate) use self::window::{Window, WindowId};
+pub(crate) use self::window::Window;
 pub(crate) use self::window_delegate::PlatformSpecificWindowAttributes;
 pub(crate) use crate::cursor::OnlyCursorImageSource as PlatformCustomCursorSource;
-use crate::event::DeviceId as RootDeviceId;
 pub(crate) use crate::icon::NoIcon as PlatformIcon;
 pub(crate) use crate::platform_impl::Fullscreen;
-
-#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord, Hash)]
-pub struct DeviceId;
-
-impl DeviceId {
-    pub const fn dummy() -> Self {
-        DeviceId
-    }
-}
-
-// Constant device ID; to be removed when if backend is updated to report real device IDs.
-pub(crate) const DEVICE_ID: RootDeviceId = RootDeviceId(DeviceId);
-
-#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord, Hash)]
-pub struct FingerId;
-
-impl FingerId {
-    pub const fn dummy() -> Self {
-        FingerId
-    }
-}
-
-#[derive(Debug)]
-pub enum OsError {
-    CGError(core_graphics::base::CGError),
-    CreationError(&'static str),
-}
-
-impl fmt::Display for OsError {
-    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
-        match self {
-            OsError::CGError(e) => f.pad(&format!("CGError {e}")),
-            OsError::CreationError(e) => f.pad(e),
-        }
-    }
-}

src/platform_impl/apple/appkit/observer.rs

@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ use core_foundation::runloop::{
 use objc2_foundation::MainThreadMarker;
 use tracing::error;
 
-use super::app_state::ApplicationDelegate;
+use super::app_state::AppState;
 use super::event_loop::{stop_app_on_panic, PanicInfo};
 use super::ffi;
 
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ extern "C" fn control_flow_begin_handler(
             match activity {
                 kCFRunLoopAfterWaiting => {
                     // trace!("Triggered `CFRunLoopAfterWaiting`");
-                    ApplicationDelegate::get(MainThreadMarker::new().unwrap()).wakeup(panic_info);
+                    AppState::get(MainThreadMarker::new().unwrap()).wakeup(panic_info);
                     // trace!("Completed `CFRunLoopAfterWaiting`");
                 },
                 _ => unreachable!(),
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ extern "C" fn control_flow_end_handler(
             match activity {
                 kCFRunLoopBeforeWaiting => {
                     // trace!("Triggered `CFRunLoopBeforeWaiting`");
-                    ApplicationDelegate::get(MainThreadMarker::new().unwrap()).cleared(panic_info);
+                    AppState::get(MainThreadMarker::new().unwrap()).cleared(panic_info);
                     // trace!("Completed `CFRunLoopBeforeWaiting`");
                 },
                 kCFRunLoopExit => (), // unimplemented!(), // not expected to ever happen

src/platform_impl/apple/appkit/view.rs

@@ -2,36 +2,35 @@
 use std::cell::{Cell, RefCell};
 use std::collections::{HashMap, VecDeque};
 use std::ptr;
+use std::rc::Rc;
 
-use objc2::rc::{Retained, WeakId};
+use objc2::rc::Retained;
 use objc2::runtime::{AnyObject, Sel};
-use objc2::{declare_class, msg_send_id, mutability, sel, ClassType, DeclaredClass};
+use objc2::{declare_class, msg_send_id, mutability, ClassType, DeclaredClass};
 use objc2_app_kit::{
     NSApplication, NSCursor, NSEvent, NSEventPhase, NSResponder, NSTextInputClient,
-    NSTrackingRectTag, NSView, NSViewFrameDidChangeNotification,
+    NSTrackingRectTag, NSView,
 };
 use objc2_foundation::{
     MainThreadMarker, NSArray, NSAttributedString, NSAttributedStringKey, NSCopying,
-    NSMutableAttributedString, NSNotFound, NSNotificationCenter, NSObject, NSObjectProtocol,
-    NSPoint, NSRange, NSRect, NSSize, NSString, NSUInteger,
+    NSMutableAttributedString, NSNotFound, NSObject, NSObjectProtocol, NSPoint, NSRange, NSRect,
+    NSSize, NSString, NSUInteger,
 };
 
-use super::app_state::ApplicationDelegate;
+use super::app_state::AppState;
 use super::cursor::{default_cursor, invisible_cursor};
 use super::event::{
     code_to_key, code_to_location, create_key_event, event_mods, lalt_pressed, ralt_pressed,
-    scancode_to_physicalkey,
+    scancode_to_physicalkey, KeyEventExtra,
 };
 use super::window::WinitWindow;
-use super::DEVICE_ID;
 use crate::dpi::{LogicalPosition, LogicalSize};
 use crate::event::{
-    DeviceEvent, ElementState, Ime, Modifiers, MouseButton, MouseScrollDelta, TouchPhase,
-    WindowEvent,
+    DeviceEvent, ElementState, Ime, KeyEvent, Modifiers, MouseButton, MouseScrollDelta,
+    PointerKind, PointerSource, TouchPhase, WindowEvent,
 };
 use crate::keyboard::{Key, KeyCode, KeyLocation, ModifiersState, NamedKey};
 use crate::platform::macos::OptionAsAlt;
-use crate::window::WindowId as RootWindowId;
 
 #[derive(Debug)]
 struct CursorState {
@@ -112,7 +111,7 @@ fn get_left_modifier_code(key: &Key) -> KeyCode {
 #[derive(Debug)]
 pub struct ViewState {
     /// Strong reference to the global application state.
-    app_delegate: Retained<ApplicationDelegate>,
+    app_state: Rc<AppState>,
 
     cursor_state: RefCell<CursorState>,
     ime_position: Cell<NSPoint>,
@@ -135,9 +134,6 @@ pub struct ViewState {
     marked_text: RefCell<Retained<NSMutableAttributedString>>,
     accepts_first_mouse: bool,
 
-    // Weak reference because the window keeps a strong reference to the view
-    _ns_window: WeakId<WinitWindow>,
-
     /// The state of the `Option` as `Alt`.
     option_as_alt: Cell<OptionAsAlt>,
 }
@@ -178,9 +174,10 @@ declare_class!(
             self.ivars().tracking_rect.set(Some(tracking_rect));
         }
 
-        #[method(frameDidChange:)]
-        fn frame_did_change(&self, _event: &NSEvent) {
-            trace_scope!("frameDidChange:");
+        // Not a normal method on `NSView`, it's triggered by `NSViewFrameDidChangeNotification`.
+        #[method(viewFrameDidChangeNotification:)]
+        fn frame_did_change(&self, _notification: Option<&AnyObject>) {
+            trace_scope!("NSViewFrameDidChangeNotification");
             if let Some(tracking_rect) = self.ivars().tracking_rect.take() {
                 self.removeTrackingRect(tracking_rect);
             }
@@ -197,17 +194,14 @@ declare_class!(
             // 2. Even when a window resize does occur on a new tabbed window, it contains the wrong size (includes tab height).
             let logical_size = LogicalSize::new(rect.size.width as f64, rect.size.height as f64);
             let size = logical_size.to_physical::<u32>(self.scale_factor());
-            self.queue_event(WindowEvent::Resized(size));
+            self.queue_event(WindowEvent::SurfaceResized(size));
         }
 
         #[method(drawRect:)]
         fn draw_rect(&self, _rect: NSRect) {
             trace_scope!("drawRect:");
 
-            // It's a workaround for https://github.com/rust-windowing/winit/issues/2640, don't replace with `self.window_id()`.
-            if let Some(window) = self.ivars()._ns_window.load() {
-                self.ivars().app_delegate.handle_redraw(window.id());
-            }
+            self.ivars().app_state.handle_redraw(self.window().id());
 
             // This is a direct subclass of NSView, no need to call superclass' drawRect:
         }
@@ -400,7 +394,7 @@ declare_class!(
                 unsafe { &*string }.to_string()
             };
 
-            let is_control = string.chars().next().map_or(false, |c| c.is_control());
+            let is_control = string.chars().next().is_some_and(|c| c.is_control());
 
             // Commit only if we have marked text.
             if unsafe { self.hasMarkedText() } && self.is_ime_enabled() && !is_control {
@@ -413,8 +407,9 @@ declare_class!(
         // Basically, we're sent this message whenever a keyboard event that doesn't generate a "human
         // readable" character happens, i.e. newlines, tabs, and Ctrl+C.
         #[method(doCommandBySelector:)]
-        fn do_command_by_selector(&self, _command: Sel) {
+        fn do_command_by_selector(&self, command: Sel) {
             trace_scope!("doCommandBySelector:");
+
             // We shouldn't forward any character from just committed text, since we'll end up sending
             // it twice with some IMEs like Korean one. We'll also always send `Enter` in that case,
             // which is not desired given it was used to confirm IME input.
@@ -429,6 +424,18 @@ declare_class!(
                 // Leave preedit so that we also report the key-up for this key.
                 self.ivars().ime_state.set(ImeState::Ground);
             }
+
+            // Send command action to user if they requested it.
+            let window_id = self.window().id();
+            self.ivars().app_state.maybe_queue_with_handler(move |app, event_loop| {
+                if let Some(handler) = app.macos_handler() {
+                    handler.standard_key_binding(event_loop, window_id, command.name());
+                }
+            });
+
+            // The documentation for `-[NSTextInputClient doCommandBySelector:]` clearly states that
+            // we should not be forwarding this event up the responder chain, so no calling `super`
+            // here either.
         }
     }
 
@@ -483,9 +490,9 @@ declare_class!(
             };
 
             if !had_ime_input || self.ivars().forward_key_to_app.get() {
-                let key_event = create_key_event(&event, true, unsafe { event.isARepeat() }, None);
+                let key_event = create_key_event(&event, true, unsafe { event.isARepeat() });
                 self.queue_event(WindowEvent::KeyboardInput {
-                    device_id: DEVICE_ID,
+                    device_id: None,
                     event: key_event,
                     is_synthetic: false,
                 });
@@ -505,8 +512,8 @@ declare_class!(
                 ImeState::Ground | ImeState::Disabled
             ) {
                 self.queue_event(WindowEvent::KeyboardInput {
-                    device_id: DEVICE_ID,
-                    event: create_key_event(&event, false, false, None),
+                    device_id: None,
+                    event: create_key_event(&event, false, false),
                     is_synthetic: false,
                 });
             }
@@ -553,10 +560,10 @@ declare_class!(
                 .expect("could not find current event");
 
             self.update_modifiers(&event, false);
-            let event = create_key_event(&event, true, unsafe { event.isARepeat() }, None);
+            let event = create_key_event(&event, true, unsafe { event.isARepeat() });
 
             self.queue_event(WindowEvent::KeyboardInput {
-                device_id: DEVICE_ID,
+                device_id: None,
                 event,
                 is_synthetic: false,
             });
@@ -638,19 +645,30 @@ declare_class!(
         }
 
         #[method(mouseEntered:)]
-        fn mouse_entered(&self, _event: &NSEvent) {
+        fn mouse_entered(&self, event: &NSEvent) {
             trace_scope!("mouseEntered:");
-            self.queue_event(WindowEvent::CursorEntered {
-                device_id: DEVICE_ID,
+
+            let position = self.mouse_view_point(event).to_physical(self.scale_factor());
+
+            self.queue_event(WindowEvent::PointerEntered {
+                device_id: None,
+                primary: true,
+                position,
+                kind: PointerKind::Mouse,
             });
         }
 
         #[method(mouseExited:)]
-        fn mouse_exited(&self, _event: &NSEvent) {
+        fn mouse_exited(&self, event: &NSEvent) {
             trace_scope!("mouseExited:");
 
-            self.queue_event(WindowEvent::CursorLeft {
-                device_id: DEVICE_ID,
+            let position = self.mouse_view_point(event).to_physical(self.scale_factor());
+
+            self.queue_event(WindowEvent::PointerLeft {
+                device_id: None,
+                primary: true,
+                position: Some(position),
+                kind: PointerKind::Mouse,
             });
         }
 
@@ -687,11 +705,11 @@ declare_class!(
 
             self.update_modifiers(event, false);
 
-            self.ivars().app_delegate.maybe_queue_with_handler(move |app, event_loop|
-                app.device_event(event_loop, DEVICE_ID, DeviceEvent::MouseWheel { delta })
+            self.ivars().app_state.maybe_queue_with_handler(move |app, event_loop|
+                app.device_event(event_loop, None, DeviceEvent::MouseWheel { delta })
             );
             self.queue_event(WindowEvent::MouseWheel {
-                device_id: DEVICE_ID,
+                device_id: None,
                 delta,
                 phase,
             });
@@ -713,7 +731,7 @@ declare_class!(
             };
 
             self.queue_event(WindowEvent::PinchGesture {
-                device_id: DEVICE_ID,
+                device_id: None,
                 delta: unsafe { event.magnification() },
                 phase,
             });
@@ -726,7 +744,7 @@ declare_class!(
             self.mouse_motion(event);
 
             self.queue_event(WindowEvent::DoubleTapGesture {
-                device_id: DEVICE_ID,
+                device_id: None,
             });
         }
 
@@ -746,7 +764,7 @@ declare_class!(
             };
 
             self.queue_event(WindowEvent::RotationGesture {
-                device_id: DEVICE_ID,
+                device_id: None,
                 delta: unsafe { event.rotation() },
                 phase,
             });
@@ -757,7 +775,7 @@ declare_class!(
             trace_scope!("pressureChangeWithEvent:");
 
             self.queue_event(WindowEvent::TouchpadPressure {
-                device_id: DEVICE_ID,
+                device_id: None,
                 pressure: unsafe { event.pressure() },
                 stage: unsafe { event.stage() } as i64,
             });
@@ -782,14 +800,13 @@ declare_class!(
 
 impl WinitView {
     pub(super) fn new(
-        app_delegate: &ApplicationDelegate,
-        window: &WinitWindow,
+        app_state: &Rc<AppState>,
         accepts_first_mouse: bool,
         option_as_alt: OptionAsAlt,
+        mtm: MainThreadMarker,
     ) -> Retained<Self> {
-        let mtm = MainThreadMarker::from(window);
         let this = mtm.alloc().set_ivars(ViewState {
-            app_delegate: app_delegate.retain(),
+            app_state: Rc::clone(app_state),
             cursor_state: Default::default(),
             ime_position: Default::default(),
             ime_size: Default::default(),
@@ -802,39 +819,29 @@ impl WinitView {
             forward_key_to_app: Default::default(),
             marked_text: Default::default(),
             accepts_first_mouse,
-            _ns_window: WeakId::new(&window.retain()),
             option_as_alt: Cell::new(option_as_alt),
         });
         let this: Retained<Self> = unsafe { msg_send_id![super(this), init] };
 
-        this.setPostsFrameChangedNotifications(true);
-        let notification_center = unsafe { NSNotificationCenter::defaultCenter() };
-        unsafe {
-            notification_center.addObserver_selector_name_object(
-                &this,
-                sel!(frameDidChange:),
-                Some(NSViewFrameDidChangeNotification),
-                Some(&this),
-            )
-        }
-
         *this.ivars().input_source.borrow_mut() = this.current_input_source();
 
         this
     }
 
     fn window(&self) -> Retained<WinitWindow> {
-        // TODO: Simply use `window` property on `NSView`.
-        // That only returns a window _after_ the view has been attached though!
-        // (which is incompatible with `frameDidChange:`)
-        //
-        // unsafe { msg_send_id![self, window] }
-        self.ivars()._ns_window.load().expect("view to have a window")
+        let window = (**self).window().expect("view must be installed in a window");
+
+        if !window.isKindOfClass(WinitWindow::class()) {
+            unreachable!("view installed in non-WinitWindow");
+        }
+
+        // SAFETY: Just checked that the window is `WinitWindow`
+        unsafe { Retained::cast(window) }
     }
 
     fn queue_event(&self, event: WindowEvent) {
-        let window_id = RootWindowId(self.window().id());
-        self.ivars().app_delegate.maybe_queue_with_handler(move |app, event_loop| {
+        let window_id = self.window().id();
+        self.ivars().app_state.maybe_queue_with_handler(move |app, event_loop| {
             app.window_event(event_loop, window_id, event);
         });
     }
@@ -939,22 +946,36 @@ impl WinitView {
                 let scancode = unsafe { ns_event.keyCode() };
                 let physical_key = scancode_to_physicalkey(scancode as u32);
 
-                // We'll correct the `is_press` later.
-                let mut event = create_key_event(ns_event, false, false, Some(physical_key));
-
-                let key = code_to_key(physical_key, scancode);
+                let logical_key = code_to_key(physical_key, scancode);
                 // Ignore processing of unknown modifiers because we can't determine whether
                 // it was pressed or release reliably.
-                let Some(event_modifier) = key_to_modifier(&key) else {
+                //
+                // Furthermore, sometimes normal keys are reported inside flagsChanged:, such as
+                // when holding Caps Lock while pressing another key, see:
+                // https://github.com/alacritty/alacritty/issues/8268
+                let Some(event_modifier) = key_to_modifier(&logical_key) else {
                     break 'send_event;
                 };
-                event.physical_key = physical_key;
-                event.logical_key = key.clone();
-                event.location = code_to_location(physical_key);
+
+                let mut event = KeyEvent {
+                    location: code_to_location(physical_key),
+                    logical_key: logical_key.clone(),
+                    physical_key,
+                    repeat: false,
+                    // We'll correct this later.
+                    state: Pressed,
+                    text: None,
+                    platform_specific: KeyEventExtra {
+                        text_with_all_modifiers: None,
+                        key_without_modifiers: logical_key.clone(),
+                    },
+                };
+
                 let location_mask = ModLocationMask::from_location(event.location);
 
                 let mut phys_mod_state = self.ivars().phys_modifiers.borrow_mut();
-                let phys_mod = phys_mod_state.entry(key).or_insert(ModLocationMask::empty());
+                let phys_mod =
+                    phys_mod_state.entry(logical_key).or_insert(ModLocationMask::empty());
 
                 let is_active = current_modifiers.state().contains(event_modifier);
                 let mut events = VecDeque::with_capacity(2);
@@ -971,7 +992,7 @@ impl WinitView {
                         event.location = KeyLocation::Left;
                         event.physical_key = get_left_modifier_code(&event.logical_key).into();
                         events.push_back(WindowEvent::KeyboardInput {
-                            device_id: DEVICE_ID,
+                            device_id: None,
                             event,
                             is_synthetic: false,
                         });
@@ -980,7 +1001,7 @@ impl WinitView {
                         event.location = KeyLocation::Right;
                         event.physical_key = get_right_modifier_code(&event.logical_key).into();
                         events.push_back(WindowEvent::KeyboardInput {
-                            device_id: DEVICE_ID,
+                            device_id: None,
                             event,
                             is_synthetic: false,
                         });
@@ -1011,7 +1032,7 @@ impl WinitView {
                     }
 
                     events.push_back(WindowEvent::KeyboardInput {
-                        device_id: DEVICE_ID,
+                        device_id: None,
                         event,
                         is_synthetic: false,
                     });
@@ -1033,20 +1054,22 @@ impl WinitView {
     }
 
     fn mouse_click(&self, event: &NSEvent, button_state: ElementState) {
+        let position = self.mouse_view_point(event).to_physical(self.scale_factor());
         let button = mouse_button(event);
 
         self.update_modifiers(event, false);
 
-        self.queue_event(WindowEvent::MouseInput {
-            device_id: DEVICE_ID,
+        self.queue_event(WindowEvent::PointerButton {
+            device_id: None,
+            primary: true,
             state: button_state,
-            button,
+            position,
+            button: button.into(),
         });
     }
 
     fn mouse_motion(&self, event: &NSEvent) {
-        let window_point = unsafe { event.locationInWindow() };
-        let view_point = self.convertPoint_fromView(window_point, None);
+        let view_point = self.mouse_view_point(event);
         let frame = self.frame();
 
         if view_point.x.is_sign_negative()
@@ -1061,15 +1084,22 @@ impl WinitView {
             }
         }
 
-        let view_point = LogicalPosition::new(view_point.x, view_point.y);
-
         self.update_modifiers(event, false);
 
-        self.queue_event(WindowEvent::CursorMoved {
-            device_id: DEVICE_ID,
+        self.queue_event(WindowEvent::PointerMoved {
+            device_id: None,
+            primary: true,
             position: view_point.to_physical(self.scale_factor()),
+            source: PointerSource::Mouse,
         });
     }
+
+    fn mouse_view_point(&self, event: &NSEvent) -> LogicalPosition<f64> {
+        let window_point = unsafe { event.locationInWindow() };
+        let view_point = self.convertPoint_fromView(window_point, None);
+
+        LogicalPosition::new(view_point.x, view_point.y)
+    }
 }
 
 /// Get the mouse button from the NSEvent.

src/platform_impl/apple/appkit/window.rs

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 #![allow(clippy::unnecessary_cast)]
 
+use dpi::{Position, Size};
 use objc2::rc::{autoreleasepool, Retained};
 use objc2::{declare_class, mutability, ClassType, DeclaredClass};
 use objc2_app_kit::{NSResponder, NSWindow};
@@ -7,8 +8,12 @@ use objc2_foundation::{MainThreadBound, MainThreadMarker, NSObject};
 
 use super::event_loop::ActiveEventLoop;
 use super::window_delegate::WindowDelegate;
-use crate::error::OsError as RootOsError;
-use crate::window::WindowAttributes;
+use crate::error::RequestError;
+use crate::monitor::MonitorHandle as CoreMonitorHandle;
+use crate::window::{
+    Cursor, Fullscreen, Icon, ImePurpose, Theme, UserAttentionType, Window as CoreWindow,
+    WindowAttributes, WindowButtons, WindowId, WindowLevel,
+};
 
 pub(crate) struct Window {
     window: MainThreadBound<Retained<WinitWindow>>,
@@ -16,32 +21,20 @@ pub(crate) struct Window {
     delegate: MainThreadBound<Retained<WindowDelegate>>,
 }
 
-impl Drop for Window {
-    fn drop(&mut self) {
-        self.window.get_on_main(|window| autoreleasepool(|_| window.close()))
-    }
-}
-
 impl Window {
     pub(crate) fn new(
         window_target: &ActiveEventLoop,
         attributes: WindowAttributes,
-    ) -> Result<Self, RootOsError> {
+    ) -> Result<Self, RequestError> {
         let mtm = window_target.mtm;
-        let delegate = autoreleasepool(|_| {
-            WindowDelegate::new(window_target.app_delegate(), attributes, mtm)
-        })?;
+        let delegate =
+            autoreleasepool(|_| WindowDelegate::new(&window_target.app_state, attributes, mtm))?;
         Ok(Window {
             window: MainThreadBound::new(delegate.window().retain(), mtm),
             delegate: MainThreadBound::new(delegate, mtm),
         })
     }
 
-    pub(crate) fn maybe_queue_on_main(&self, f: impl FnOnce(&WindowDelegate) + Send + 'static) {
-        // For now, don't actually do queuing, since it may be less predictable
-        self.maybe_wait_on_main(f)
-    }
-
     pub(crate) fn maybe_wait_on_main<R: Send>(
         &self,
         f: impl FnOnce(&WindowDelegate) -> R + Send,
@@ -49,7 +42,6 @@ impl Window {
         self.delegate.get_on_main(|delegate| f(delegate))
     }
 
-    #[cfg(feature = "rwh_06")]
     #[inline]
     pub(crate) fn raw_window_handle_rwh_06(
         &self,
@@ -61,7 +53,6 @@ impl Window {
         }
     }
 
-    #[cfg(feature = "rwh_06")]
     #[inline]
     pub(crate) fn raw_display_handle_rwh_06(
         &self,
@@ -70,24 +61,274 @@ impl Window {
     }
 }
 
-#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord, Hash)]
-pub struct WindowId(pub usize);
+impl Drop for Window {
+    fn drop(&mut self) {
+        // Restore the video mode.
+        if matches!(self.fullscreen(), Some(Fullscreen::Exclusive(_))) {
+            self.set_fullscreen(None);
+        }
 
-impl WindowId {
-    pub const fn dummy() -> Self {
-        Self(0)
+        self.window.get_on_main(|window| autoreleasepool(|_| window.close()))
     }
 }
 
-impl From<WindowId> for u64 {
-    fn from(window_id: WindowId) -> Self {
-        window_id.0 as u64
+impl rwh_06::HasDisplayHandle for Window {
+    fn display_handle(&self) -> Result<rwh_06::DisplayHandle<'_>, rwh_06::HandleError> {
+        let raw = self.raw_display_handle_rwh_06()?;
+        unsafe { Ok(rwh_06::DisplayHandle::borrow_raw(raw)) }
     }
 }
 
-impl From<u64> for WindowId {
-    fn from(raw_id: u64) -> Self {
-        Self(raw_id as usize)
+impl rwh_06::HasWindowHandle for Window {
+    fn window_handle(&self) -> Result<rwh_06::WindowHandle<'_>, rwh_06::HandleError> {
+        let raw = self.raw_window_handle_rwh_06()?;
+        unsafe { Ok(rwh_06::WindowHandle::borrow_raw(raw)) }
+    }
+}
+
+impl CoreWindow for Window {
+    fn id(&self) -> crate::window::WindowId {
+        self.maybe_wait_on_main(|delegate| delegate.id())
+    }
+
+    fn scale_factor(&self) -> f64 {
+        self.maybe_wait_on_main(|delegate| delegate.scale_factor())
+    }
+
+    fn request_redraw(&self) {
+        self.maybe_wait_on_main(|delegate| delegate.request_redraw());
+    }
+
+    fn pre_present_notify(&self) {
+        self.maybe_wait_on_main(|delegate| delegate.pre_present_notify());
+    }
+
+    fn reset_dead_keys(&self) {
+        self.maybe_wait_on_main(|delegate| delegate.reset_dead_keys());
+    }
+
+    fn surface_position(&self) -> dpi::PhysicalPosition<i32> {
+        self.maybe_wait_on_main(|delegate| delegate.surface_position())
+    }
+
+    fn outer_position(&self) -> Result<dpi::PhysicalPosition<i32>, RequestError> {
+        self.maybe_wait_on_main(|delegate| delegate.outer_position())
+    }
+
+    fn set_outer_position(&self, position: Position) {
+        self.maybe_wait_on_main(|delegate| delegate.set_outer_position(position));
+    }
+
+    fn surface_size(&self) -> dpi::PhysicalSize<u32> {
+        self.maybe_wait_on_main(|delegate| delegate.surface_size())
+    }
+
+    fn request_surface_size(&self, size: Size) -> Option<dpi::PhysicalSize<u32>> {
+        self.maybe_wait_on_main(|delegate| delegate.request_surface_size(size))
+    }
+
+    fn outer_size(&self) -> dpi::PhysicalSize<u32> {
+        self.maybe_wait_on_main(|delegate| delegate.outer_size())
+    }
+
+    fn safe_area(&self) -> dpi::PhysicalInsets<u32> {
+        self.maybe_wait_on_main(|delegate| delegate.safe_area())
+    }
+
+    fn set_min_surface_size(&self, min_size: Option<Size>) {
+        self.maybe_wait_on_main(|delegate| delegate.set_min_surface_size(min_size))
+    }
+
+    fn set_max_surface_size(&self, max_size: Option<Size>) {
+        self.maybe_wait_on_main(|delegate| delegate.set_max_surface_size(max_size));
+    }
+
+    fn surface_resize_increments(&self) -> Option<dpi::PhysicalSize<u32>> {
+        self.maybe_wait_on_main(|delegate| delegate.surface_resize_increments())
+    }
+
+    fn set_surface_resize_increments(&self, increments: Option<Size>) {
+        self.maybe_wait_on_main(|delegate| delegate.set_surface_resize_increments(increments));
+    }
+
+    fn set_title(&self, title: &str) {
+        self.maybe_wait_on_main(|delegate| delegate.set_title(title));
+    }
+
+    fn set_transparent(&self, transparent: bool) {
+        self.maybe_wait_on_main(|delegate| delegate.set_transparent(transparent));
+    }
+
+    fn set_blur(&self, blur: bool) {
+        self.maybe_wait_on_main(|delegate| delegate.set_blur(blur));
+    }
+
+    fn set_visible(&self, visible: bool) {
+        self.maybe_wait_on_main(|delegate| delegate.set_visible(visible));
+    }
+
+    fn is_visible(&self) -> Option<bool> {
+        self.maybe_wait_on_main(|delegate| delegate.is_visible())
+    }
+
+    fn set_resizable(&self, resizable: bool) {
+        self.maybe_wait_on_main(|delegate| delegate.set_resizable(resizable))
+    }
+
+    fn is_resizable(&self) -> bool {
+        self.maybe_wait_on_main(|delegate| delegate.is_resizable())
+    }
+
+    fn set_enabled_buttons(&self, buttons: WindowButtons) {
+        self.maybe_wait_on_main(|delegate| delegate.set_enabled_buttons(buttons))
+    }
+
+    fn enabled_buttons(&self) -> WindowButtons {
+        self.maybe_wait_on_main(|delegate| delegate.enabled_buttons())
+    }
+
+    fn set_minimized(&self, minimized: bool) {
+        self.maybe_wait_on_main(|delegate| delegate.set_minimized(minimized));
+    }
+
+    fn is_minimized(&self) -> Option<bool> {
+        self.maybe_wait_on_main(|delegate| delegate.is_minimized())
+    }
+
+    fn set_maximized(&self, maximized: bool) {
+        self.maybe_wait_on_main(|delegate| delegate.set_maximized(maximized));
+    }
+
+    fn is_maximized(&self) -> bool {
+        self.maybe_wait_on_main(|delegate| delegate.is_maximized())
+    }
+
+    fn set_fullscreen(&self, fullscreen: Option<Fullscreen>) {
+        self.maybe_wait_on_main(|delegate| delegate.set_fullscreen(fullscreen.map(Into::into)))
+    }
+
+    fn fullscreen(&self) -> Option<Fullscreen> {
+        self.maybe_wait_on_main(|delegate| delegate.fullscreen().map(Into::into))
+    }
+
+    fn set_decorations(&self, decorations: bool) {
+        self.maybe_wait_on_main(|delegate| delegate.set_decorations(decorations));
+    }
+
+    fn is_decorated(&self) -> bool {
+        self.maybe_wait_on_main(|delegate| delegate.is_decorated())
+    }
+
+    fn set_window_level(&self, level: WindowLevel) {
+        self.maybe_wait_on_main(|delegate| delegate.set_window_level(level));
+    }
+
+    fn set_window_icon(&self, window_icon: Option<Icon>) {
+        self.maybe_wait_on_main(|delegate| delegate.set_window_icon(window_icon));
+    }
+
+    fn set_ime_cursor_area(&self, position: Position, size: Size) {
+        self.maybe_wait_on_main(|delegate| delegate.set_ime_cursor_area(position, size));
+    }
+
+    fn set_ime_allowed(&self, allowed: bool) {
+        self.maybe_wait_on_main(|delegate| delegate.set_ime_allowed(allowed));
+    }
+
+    fn set_ime_purpose(&self, purpose: ImePurpose) {
+        self.maybe_wait_on_main(|delegate| delegate.set_ime_purpose(purpose));
+    }
+
+    fn focus_window(&self) {
+        self.maybe_wait_on_main(|delegate| delegate.focus_window());
+    }
+
+    fn has_focus(&self) -> bool {
+        self.maybe_wait_on_main(|delegate| delegate.has_focus())
+    }
+
+    fn request_user_attention(&self, request_type: Option<UserAttentionType>) {
+        self.maybe_wait_on_main(|delegate| delegate.request_user_attention(request_type));
+    }
+
+    fn set_theme(&self, theme: Option<Theme>) {
+        self.maybe_wait_on_main(|delegate| delegate.set_theme(theme));
+    }
+
+    fn theme(&self) -> Option<Theme> {
+        self.maybe_wait_on_main(|delegate| delegate.theme())
+    }
+
+    fn set_content_protected(&self, protected: bool) {
+        self.maybe_wait_on_main(|delegate| delegate.set_content_protected(protected));
+    }
+
+    fn title(&self) -> String {
+        self.maybe_wait_on_main(|delegate| delegate.title())
+    }
+
+    fn set_cursor(&self, cursor: Cursor) {
+        self.maybe_wait_on_main(|delegate| delegate.set_cursor(cursor));
+    }
+
+    fn set_cursor_position(&self, position: Position) -> Result<(), RequestError> {
+        self.maybe_wait_on_main(|delegate| delegate.set_cursor_position(position))
+    }
+
+    fn set_cursor_grab(&self, mode: crate::window::CursorGrabMode) -> Result<(), RequestError> {
+        self.maybe_wait_on_main(|delegate| delegate.set_cursor_grab(mode))
+    }
+
+    fn set_cursor_visible(&self, visible: bool) {
+        self.maybe_wait_on_main(|delegate| delegate.set_cursor_visible(visible))
+    }
+
+    fn drag_window(&self) -> Result<(), RequestError> {
+        self.maybe_wait_on_main(|delegate| delegate.drag_window())
+    }
+
+    fn drag_resize_window(
+        &self,
+        direction: crate::window::ResizeDirection,
+    ) -> Result<(), RequestError> {
+        Ok(self.maybe_wait_on_main(|delegate| delegate.drag_resize_window(direction))?)
+    }
+
+    fn show_window_menu(&self, position: Position) {
+        self.maybe_wait_on_main(|delegate| delegate.show_window_menu(position))
+    }
+
+    fn set_cursor_hittest(&self, hittest: bool) -> Result<(), RequestError> {
+        self.maybe_wait_on_main(|delegate| delegate.set_cursor_hittest(hittest));
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    fn current_monitor(&self) -> Option<CoreMonitorHandle> {
+        self.maybe_wait_on_main(|delegate| {
+            delegate.current_monitor().map(|inner| CoreMonitorHandle { inner })
+        })
+    }
+
+    fn available_monitors(&self) -> Box<dyn Iterator<Item = CoreMonitorHandle>> {
+        self.maybe_wait_on_main(|delegate| {
+            Box::new(
+                delegate.available_monitors().into_iter().map(|inner| CoreMonitorHandle { inner }),
+            )
+        })
+    }
+
+    fn primary_monitor(&self) -> Option<CoreMonitorHandle> {
+        self.maybe_wait_on_main(|delegate| {
+            delegate.primary_monitor().map(|inner| CoreMonitorHandle { inner })
+        })
+    }
+
+    fn rwh_06_display_handle(&self) -> &dyn rwh_06::HasDisplayHandle {
+        self
+    }
+
+    fn rwh_06_window_handle(&self) -> &dyn rwh_06::HasWindowHandle {
+        self
     }
 }
 
@@ -121,6 +362,6 @@ declare_class!(
 
 impl WinitWindow {
     pub(super) fn id(&self) -> WindowId {
-        WindowId(self as *const Self as usize)
+        WindowId::from_raw(self as *const Self as usize)
     }
 }

src/platform_impl/apple/appkit/window_delegate.rs

@@ -3,9 +3,10 @@ use std::cell::{Cell, RefCell};
 use std::collections::VecDeque;
 use std::ffi::c_void;
 use std::ptr;
+use std::rc::Rc;
 use std::sync::{Arc, Mutex};
 
-use core_graphics::display::{CGDisplay, CGPoint};
+use core_graphics::display::CGDisplay;
 use monitor::VideoModeHandle;
 use objc2::rc::{autoreleasepool, Retained};
 use objc2::runtime::{AnyObject, ProtocolObject};
@@ -14,32 +15,36 @@ use objc2_app_kit::{
     NSAppKitVersionNumber, NSAppKitVersionNumber10_12, NSAppearance, NSAppearanceCustomization,
     NSAppearanceNameAqua, NSApplication, NSApplicationPresentationOptions, NSBackingStoreType,
     NSColor, NSDraggingDestination, NSFilenamesPboardType, NSPasteboard,
-    NSRequestUserAttentionType, NSScreen, NSView, NSWindowButton, NSWindowDelegate,
-    NSWindowFullScreenButton, NSWindowLevel, NSWindowOcclusionState, NSWindowOrderingMode,
-    NSWindowSharingType, NSWindowStyleMask, NSWindowTabbingMode, NSWindowTitleVisibility,
+    NSRequestUserAttentionType, NSScreen, NSToolbar, NSView, NSViewFrameDidChangeNotification,
+    NSWindowButton, NSWindowDelegate, NSWindowFullScreenButton, NSWindowLevel,
+    NSWindowOcclusionState, NSWindowOrderingMode, NSWindowSharingType, NSWindowStyleMask,
+    NSWindowTabbingMode, NSWindowTitleVisibility, NSWindowToolbarStyle,
 };
 use objc2_foundation::{
-    ns_string, CGFloat, MainThreadMarker, NSArray, NSCopying, NSDictionary, NSKeyValueChangeKey,
-    NSKeyValueChangeNewKey, NSKeyValueChangeOldKey, NSKeyValueObservingOptions, NSObject,
-    NSObjectNSDelayedPerforming, NSObjectNSKeyValueObserverRegistration, NSObjectProtocol, NSPoint,
-    NSRect, NSSize, NSString,
+    ns_string, CGFloat, MainThreadMarker, NSArray, NSCopying, NSDictionary, NSEdgeInsets,
+    NSKeyValueChangeKey, NSKeyValueChangeNewKey, NSKeyValueChangeOldKey,
+    NSKeyValueObservingOptions, NSNotificationCenter, NSObject, NSObjectNSDelayedPerforming,
+    NSObjectNSKeyValueObserverRegistration, NSObjectProtocol, NSPoint, NSRect, NSSize, NSString,
 };
 use tracing::{trace, warn};
 
-use super::app_state::ApplicationDelegate;
+use super::app_state::AppState;
 use super::cursor::cursor_from_icon;
 use super::monitor::{self, flip_window_screen_coordinates, get_display_id};
 use super::observer::RunLoop;
 use super::view::WinitView;
 use super::window::WinitWindow;
-use super::{ffi, Fullscreen, MonitorHandle, OsError, WindowId};
-use crate::dpi::{LogicalPosition, LogicalSize, PhysicalPosition, PhysicalSize, Position, Size};
-use crate::error::{ExternalError, NotSupportedError, OsError as RootOsError};
-use crate::event::{InnerSizeWriter, WindowEvent};
+use super::{ffi, Fullscreen, MonitorHandle};
+use crate::dpi::{
+    LogicalInsets, LogicalPosition, LogicalSize, PhysicalInsets, PhysicalPosition, PhysicalSize,
+    Position, Size,
+};
+use crate::error::{NotSupportedError, RequestError};
+use crate::event::{SurfaceSizeWriter, WindowEvent};
 use crate::platform::macos::{OptionAsAlt, WindowExtMacOS};
 use crate::window::{
     Cursor, CursorGrabMode, Icon, ImePurpose, ResizeDirection, Theme, UserAttentionType,
-    WindowAttributes, WindowButtons, WindowId as RootWindowId, WindowLevel,
+    WindowAttributes, WindowButtons, WindowId, WindowLevel,
 };
 
 #[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq)]
@@ -55,6 +60,8 @@ pub struct PlatformSpecificWindowAttributes {
     pub accepts_first_mouse: bool,
     pub tabbing_identifier: Option<String>,
     pub option_as_alt: OptionAsAlt,
+    pub borderless_game: bool,
+    pub unified_titlebar: bool,
 }
 
 impl Default for PlatformSpecificWindowAttributes {
@@ -72,6 +79,8 @@ impl Default for PlatformSpecificWindowAttributes {
             accepts_first_mouse: true,
             tabbing_identifier: None,
             option_as_alt: Default::default(),
+            borderless_game: false,
+            unified_titlebar: false,
         }
     }
 }
@@ -79,20 +88,20 @@ impl Default for PlatformSpecificWindowAttributes {
 #[derive(Debug)]
 pub(crate) struct State {
     /// Strong reference to the global application state.
-    app_delegate: Retained<ApplicationDelegate>,
+    app_state: Rc<AppState>,
 
     window: Retained<WinitWindow>,
 
     // During `windowDidResize`, we use this to only send Moved if the position changed.
     //
-    // This is expressed in native screen coordinates.
-    previous_position: Cell<Option<NSPoint>>,
+    // This is expressed in desktop coordinates, and flipped to match Winit's coordinate system.
+    previous_position: Cell<NSPoint>,
 
     // Used to prevent redundant events.
     previous_scale_factor: Cell<f64>,
 
     /// The current resize increments for the window content.
-    resize_increments: Cell<NSSize>,
+    surface_resize_increments: Cell<NSSize>,
     /// Whether the window is showing decorations.
     decorations: Cell<bool>,
     resizable: Cell<bool>,
@@ -120,6 +129,7 @@ pub(crate) struct State {
     standard_frame: Cell<Option<NSRect>>,
     is_simple_fullscreen: Cell<bool>,
     saved_style: Cell<Option<NSWindowStyleMask>>,
+    is_borderless_game: Cell<bool>,
 }
 
 declare_class!(
@@ -160,7 +170,7 @@ declare_class!(
         #[method(windowDidResize:)]
         fn window_did_resize(&self, _: Option<&AnyObject>) {
             trace_scope!("windowDidResize:");
-            // NOTE: WindowEvent::Resized is reported in frameDidChange.
+            // NOTE: WindowEvent::SurfaceResized is reported using NSViewFrameDidChangeNotification.
             self.emit_move_event();
         }
 
@@ -168,7 +178,7 @@ declare_class!(
         fn window_will_start_live_resize(&self, _: Option<&AnyObject>) {
             trace_scope!("windowWillStartLiveResize:");
 
-            let increments = self.ivars().resize_increments.get();
+            let increments = self.ivars().surface_resize_increments.get();
             self.set_resize_increments_inner(increments);
         }
 
@@ -214,10 +224,10 @@ declare_class!(
             trace_scope!("windowDidResignKey:");
             // It happens rather often, e.g. when the user is Cmd+Tabbing, that the
             // NSWindowDelegate will receive a didResignKey event despite no event
-            // being received when the modifiers are released.  This is because
+            // being received when the modifiers are released. This is because
             // flagsChanged events are received by the NSView instead of the
             // NSWindowDelegate, and as a result a tracked modifiers state can quite
-            // easily fall out of synchrony with reality.  This requires us to emit
+            // easily fall out of synchrony with reality. This requires us to emit
             // a synthetic ModifiersChanged event when we lose focus.
             self.view().reset_modifiers();
 
@@ -435,9 +445,15 @@ declare_class!(
             // NOTE: We don't _really_ need to check the key path, as there should only be one, but
             // in the future we might want to observe other key paths.
             if key_path == Some(ns_string!("effectiveAppearance")) {
-                let change = change.expect("requested a change dictionary in `addObserver`, but none was provided");
-                let old = change.get(unsafe { NSKeyValueChangeOldKey }).expect("requested change dictionary did not contain `NSKeyValueChangeOldKey`");
-                let new = change.get(unsafe { NSKeyValueChangeNewKey }).expect("requested change dictionary did not contain `NSKeyValueChangeNewKey`");
+                let change = change.expect(
+                    "requested a change dictionary in `addObserver`, but none was provided",
+                );
+                let old = change
+                    .get(unsafe { NSKeyValueChangeOldKey })
+                    .expect("requested change dictionary did not contain `NSKeyValueChangeOldKey`");
+                let new = change
+                    .get(unsafe { NSKeyValueChangeNewKey })
+                    .expect("requested change dictionary did not contain `NSKeyValueChangeNewKey`");
 
                 // SAFETY: The value of `effectiveAppearance` is `NSAppearance`
                 let old: *const AnyObject = old;
@@ -482,7 +498,7 @@ impl Drop for WindowDelegate {
 }
 
 fn new_window(
-    app_delegate: &ApplicationDelegate,
+    app_state: &Rc<AppState>,
     attrs: &WindowAttributes,
     mtm: MainThreadMarker,
 ) -> Option<Retained<WinitWindow>> {
@@ -501,7 +517,7 @@ fn new_window(
                 let scale_factor = NSScreen::mainScreen(mtm)
                     .map(|screen| screen.backingScaleFactor() as f64)
                     .unwrap_or(1.0);
-                let size = match attrs.inner_size {
+                let size = match attrs.surface_size {
                     Some(size) => {
                         let size = size.to_logical(scale_factor);
                         NSSize::new(size.width, size.height)
@@ -554,9 +570,20 @@ fn new_window(
         }
 
         if attrs.platform_specific.fullsize_content_view {
+            // NOTE: If we decide to add an option to change this at runtime, we must emit a
+            // `SurfaceResized` event to let applications know that the safe area changed.
+            //
+            // An alternative would be to add a `WindowEvent::SafeAreaChanged` event, this could be
+            // done with an observer on `safeAreaRect` / `contentLayoutRect`, see:
+            // <https://github.com/rust-windowing/winit/issues/3911>
             masks |= NSWindowStyleMask::FullSizeContentView;
         }
 
+        // NOTE: This should only be created after the application has started launching,
+        // (`applicationWillFinishLaunching:` at the earliest), otherwise you'll run into very
+        // confusing issues with the window not being properly activated.
+        //
+        // Winit ensures this by not allowing access to `ActiveEventLoop` before handling events.
         let window: Option<Retained<WinitWindow>> = unsafe {
             msg_send_id![
                 super(mtm.alloc().set_ivars(())),
@@ -607,6 +634,14 @@ fn new_window(
         if attrs.platform_specific.movable_by_window_background {
             window.setMovableByWindowBackground(true);
         }
+        if attrs.platform_specific.unified_titlebar {
+            unsafe {
+                // The toolbar style is ignored if there is no toolbar, so it is
+                // necessary to add one.
+                window.setToolbar(Some(&NSToolbar::new(mtm)));
+                window.setToolbarStyle(NSWindowToolbarStyle::Unified);
+            }
+        }
 
         if !attrs.enabled_buttons.contains(WindowButtons::MAXIMIZE) {
             if let Some(button) = window.standardWindowButton(NSWindowButton::NSWindowZoomButton) {
@@ -622,10 +657,10 @@ fn new_window(
         }
 
         let view = WinitView::new(
-            app_delegate,
-            &window,
+            app_state,
             attrs.platform_specific.accepts_first_mouse,
             attrs.platform_specific.option_as_alt,
+            mtm,
         );
 
         // The default value of `setWantsBestResolutionOpenGLSurface:` was `false` until
@@ -647,6 +682,23 @@ fn new_window(
         window.setContentView(Some(&view));
         window.setInitialFirstResponder(Some(&view));
 
+        // Configure the view to send notifications whenever its frame rectangle changes.
+        //
+        // We explicitly do this _after_ setting the view as the content view of the window, to
+        // avoid a resize event when creating the window.
+        view.setPostsFrameChangedNotifications(true);
+        // `setPostsFrameChangedNotifications` posts the notification immediately, so register the
+        // observer _after_, again so that the event isn't triggered initially.
+        let notification_center = unsafe { NSNotificationCenter::defaultCenter() };
+        unsafe {
+            notification_center.addObserver_selector_name_object(
+                &view,
+                sel!(viewFrameDidChangeNotification:),
+                Some(NSViewFrameDidChangeNotification),
+                Some(&view),
+            )
+        }
+
         if attrs.transparent {
             window.setOpaque(false);
             // See `set_transparent` for details on why we do this.
@@ -665,23 +717,22 @@ fn new_window(
 
 impl WindowDelegate {
     pub(super) fn new(
-        app_delegate: &ApplicationDelegate,
+        app_state: &Rc<AppState>,
         attrs: WindowAttributes,
         mtm: MainThreadMarker,
-    ) -> Result<Retained<Self>, RootOsError> {
-        let window = new_window(app_delegate, &attrs, mtm)
-            .ok_or_else(|| os_error!(OsError::CreationError("couldn't create `NSWindow`")))?;
+    ) -> Result<Retained<Self>, RequestError> {
+        let window = new_window(app_state, &attrs, mtm)
+            .ok_or_else(|| os_error!("couldn't create `NSWindow`"))?;
 
-        #[cfg(feature = "rwh_06")]
         match attrs.parent_window.map(|handle| handle.0) {
             Some(rwh_06::RawWindowHandle::AppKit(handle)) => {
                 // SAFETY: Caller ensures the pointer is valid or NULL
                 // Unwrap is fine, since the pointer comes from `NonNull`.
                 let parent_view: Retained<NSView> =
                     unsafe { Retained::retain(handle.ns_view.as_ptr().cast()) }.unwrap();
-                let parent = parent_view.window().ok_or_else(|| {
-                    os_error!(OsError::CreationError("parent view should be installed in a window"))
-                })?;
+                let parent = parent_view
+                    .window()
+                    .ok_or_else(|| os_error!("parent view should be installed in a window"))?;
 
                 // SAFETY: We know that there are no parent -> child -> parent cycles since the only
                 // place in `winit` where we allow making a window a child window is
@@ -694,13 +745,15 @@ impl WindowDelegate {
             None => (),
         }
 
-        let resize_increments =
-            match attrs.resize_increments.map(|i| i.to_logical(window.backingScaleFactor() as _)) {
-                Some(LogicalSize { width, height }) if width >= 1. && height >= 1. => {
-                    NSSize::new(width, height)
-                },
-                _ => NSSize::new(1., 1.),
-            };
+        let surface_resize_increments = match attrs
+            .surface_resize_increments
+            .map(|i| i.to_logical(window.backingScaleFactor() as _))
+        {
+            Some(LogicalSize { width, height }) if width >= 1. && height >= 1. => {
+                NSSize::new(width, height)
+            },
+            _ => NSSize::new(1., 1.),
+        };
 
         let scale_factor = window.backingScaleFactor() as _;
 
@@ -709,11 +762,11 @@ impl WindowDelegate {
         }
 
         let delegate = mtm.alloc().set_ivars(State {
-            app_delegate: app_delegate.retain(),
+            app_state: Rc::clone(app_state),
             window: window.retain(),
-            previous_position: Cell::new(None),
+            previous_position: Cell::new(flip_window_screen_coordinates(window.frame())),
             previous_scale_factor: Cell::new(scale_factor),
-            resize_increments: Cell::new(resize_increments),
+            surface_resize_increments: Cell::new(surface_resize_increments),
             decorations: Cell::new(attrs.decorations),
             resizable: Cell::new(attrs.resizable),
             maximized: Cell::new(attrs.maximized),
@@ -725,15 +778,10 @@ impl WindowDelegate {
             standard_frame: Cell::new(None),
             is_simple_fullscreen: Cell::new(false),
             saved_style: Cell::new(None),
+            is_borderless_game: Cell::new(attrs.platform_specific.borderless_game),
         });
         let delegate: Retained<WindowDelegate> = unsafe { msg_send_id![super(delegate), init] };
 
-        if scale_factor != 1.0 {
-            let delegate = delegate.clone();
-            RunLoop::main(mtm).queue_closure(move || {
-                delegate.handle_scale_factor_changed(scale_factor);
-            });
-        }
         window.setDelegate(Some(ProtocolObject::from_ref(&*delegate)));
 
         // Listen for theme change event.
@@ -753,21 +801,17 @@ impl WindowDelegate {
             delegate.set_blur(attrs.blur);
         }
 
-        if let Some(dim) = attrs.min_inner_size {
-            delegate.set_min_inner_size(Some(dim));
+        if let Some(dim) = attrs.min_surface_size {
+            delegate.set_min_surface_size(Some(dim));
         }
-        if let Some(dim) = attrs.max_inner_size {
-            delegate.set_max_inner_size(Some(dim));
+        if let Some(dim) = attrs.max_surface_size {
+            delegate.set_max_surface_size(Some(dim));
         }
 
         delegate.set_window_level(attrs.window_level);
 
         delegate.set_cursor(attrs.cursor);
 
-        // XXX Send `Focused(false)` right after creating the window delegate, so we won't
-        // obscure the real focused events on the startup.
-        delegate.queue_event(WindowEvent::Focused(false));
-
         // Set fullscreen mode after we setup everything
         delegate.set_fullscreen(attrs.fullscreen.map(Into::into));
 
@@ -807,8 +851,8 @@ impl WindowDelegate {
     }
 
     pub(crate) fn queue_event(&self, event: WindowEvent) {
-        let window_id = RootWindowId(self.window().id());
-        self.ivars().app_delegate.maybe_queue_with_handler(move |app, event_loop| {
+        let window_id = self.window().id();
+        self.ivars().app_state.maybe_queue_with_handler(move |app, event_loop| {
             app.window_event(event_loop, window_id, event);
         });
     }
@@ -820,30 +864,29 @@ impl WindowDelegate {
         let content_size = LogicalSize::new(content_size.width, content_size.height);
 
         let suggested_size = content_size.to_physical(scale_factor);
-        let new_inner_size = Arc::new(Mutex::new(suggested_size));
+        let new_surface_size = Arc::new(Mutex::new(suggested_size));
         self.queue_event(WindowEvent::ScaleFactorChanged {
             scale_factor,
-            inner_size_writer: InnerSizeWriter::new(Arc::downgrade(&new_inner_size)),
+            surface_size_writer: SurfaceSizeWriter::new(Arc::downgrade(&new_surface_size)),
         });
-        let physical_size = *new_inner_size.lock().unwrap();
-        drop(new_inner_size);
+        let physical_size = *new_surface_size.lock().unwrap();
+        drop(new_surface_size);
 
         if physical_size != suggested_size {
             let logical_size = physical_size.to_logical(scale_factor);
             let size = NSSize::new(logical_size.width, logical_size.height);
             window.setContentSize(size);
         }
-        self.queue_event(WindowEvent::Resized(physical_size));
+        self.queue_event(WindowEvent::SurfaceResized(physical_size));
     }
 
     fn emit_move_event(&self) {
-        let frame = self.window().frame();
-        if self.ivars().previous_position.get() == Some(frame.origin) {
+        let position = flip_window_screen_coordinates(self.window().frame());
+        if self.ivars().previous_position.get() == position {
             return;
         }
-        self.ivars().previous_position.set(Some(frame.origin));
+        self.ivars().previous_position.set(position);
 
-        let position = flip_window_screen_coordinates(frame);
         let position =
             LogicalPosition::new(position.x, position.y).to_physical(self.scale_factor());
         self.queue_event(WindowEvent::Moved(position));
@@ -907,21 +950,34 @@ impl WindowDelegate {
     }
 
     pub fn request_redraw(&self) {
-        self.ivars().app_delegate.queue_redraw(self.window().id());
+        self.ivars().app_state.queue_redraw(self.window().id());
     }
 
     #[inline]
     pub fn pre_present_notify(&self) {}
 
-    pub fn outer_position(&self) -> Result<PhysicalPosition<i32>, NotSupportedError> {
+    pub fn outer_position(&self) -> Result<PhysicalPosition<i32>, RequestError> {
         let position = flip_window_screen_coordinates(self.window().frame());
         Ok(LogicalPosition::new(position.x, position.y).to_physical(self.scale_factor()))
     }
 
-    pub fn inner_position(&self) -> Result<PhysicalPosition<i32>, NotSupportedError> {
-        let content_rect = self.window().contentRectForFrameRect(self.window().frame());
-        let position = flip_window_screen_coordinates(content_rect);
-        Ok(LogicalPosition::new(position.x, position.y).to_physical(self.scale_factor()))
+    pub fn surface_position(&self) -> PhysicalPosition<i32> {
+        // The calculation here is a bit awkward because we've gotta reconcile the
+        // different origins (Winit prefers top-left vs. NSWindow's bottom-left),
+        // and I couldn't find a built-in way to do so.
+
+        // The position of the window and the view, both in Winit screen coordinates.
+        let window_position = flip_window_screen_coordinates(self.window().frame());
+        let view_position = flip_window_screen_coordinates(
+            self.window().contentRectForFrameRect(self.window().frame()),
+        );
+
+        // And use that to convert the view position to window coordinates.
+        let surface_position =
+            NSPoint::new(view_position.x - window_position.x, view_position.y - window_position.y);
+
+        let logical = LogicalPosition::new(surface_position.x, surface_position.y);
+        logical.to_physical(self.scale_factor())
     }
 
     pub fn set_outer_position(&self, position: Position) {
@@ -934,7 +990,7 @@ impl WindowDelegate {
     }
 
     #[inline]
-    pub fn inner_size(&self) -> PhysicalSize<u32> {
+    pub fn surface_size(&self) -> PhysicalSize<u32> {
         let content_rect = self.window().contentRectForFrameRect(self.window().frame());
         let logical = LogicalSize::new(content_rect.size.width, content_rect.size.height);
         logical.to_physical(self.scale_factor())
@@ -947,15 +1003,46 @@ impl WindowDelegate {
         logical.to_physical(self.scale_factor())
     }
 
+    pub fn safe_area(&self) -> PhysicalInsets<u32> {
+        // Only available on macOS 11.0
+        let insets = if self.view().respondsToSelector(sel!(safeAreaInsets)) {
+            // Includes NSWindowStyleMask::FullSizeContentView by default, and the notch because
+            // we've set it up with `additionalSafeAreaInsets`.
+            unsafe { self.view().safeAreaInsets() }
+        } else {
+            // If `safeAreaInsets` is not available, we'll have to do the calculation ourselves.
+
+            let window_rect = unsafe {
+                self.window().convertRectFromScreen(
+                    self.window().contentRectForFrameRect(self.window().frame()),
+                )
+            };
+            // This includes NSWindowStyleMask::FullSizeContentView.
+            let layout_rect = unsafe { self.window().contentLayoutRect() };
+
+            // Calculate the insets from window coordinates in AppKit's coordinate system.
+            NSEdgeInsets {
+                top: (window_rect.size.height + window_rect.origin.y)
+                    - (layout_rect.size.height + layout_rect.origin.y),
+                left: layout_rect.origin.x - window_rect.origin.x,
+                bottom: layout_rect.origin.y - window_rect.origin.y,
+                right: (window_rect.size.width + window_rect.origin.x)
+                    - (layout_rect.size.width + layout_rect.origin.x),
+            }
+        };
+        let insets = LogicalInsets::new(insets.top, insets.left, insets.bottom, insets.right);
+        insets.to_physical(self.scale_factor())
+    }
+
     #[inline]
-    pub fn request_inner_size(&self, size: Size) -> Option<PhysicalSize<u32>> {
+    pub fn request_surface_size(&self, size: Size) -> Option<PhysicalSize<u32>> {
         let scale_factor = self.scale_factor();
         let size = size.to_logical(scale_factor);
         self.window().setContentSize(NSSize::new(size.width, size.height));
         None
     }
 
-    pub fn set_min_inner_size(&self, dimensions: Option<Size>) {
+    pub fn set_min_surface_size(&self, dimensions: Option<Size>) {
         let dimensions =
             dimensions.unwrap_or(Size::Logical(LogicalSize { width: 0.0, height: 0.0 }));
         let min_size = dimensions.to_logical::<CGFloat>(self.scale_factor());
@@ -974,7 +1061,7 @@ impl WindowDelegate {
         self.window().setContentSize(current_size);
     }
 
-    pub fn set_max_inner_size(&self, dimensions: Option<Size>) {
+    pub fn set_max_surface_size(&self, dimensions: Option<Size>) {
         let dimensions = dimensions.unwrap_or(Size::Logical(LogicalSize {
             width: f32::MAX as f64,
             height: f32::MAX as f64,
@@ -996,8 +1083,8 @@ impl WindowDelegate {
         self.window().setContentSize(current_size);
     }
 
-    pub fn resize_increments(&self) -> Option<PhysicalSize<u32>> {
-        let increments = self.ivars().resize_increments.get();
+    pub fn surface_resize_increments(&self) -> Option<PhysicalSize<u32>> {
+        let increments = self.ivars().surface_resize_increments.get();
         let (w, h) = (increments.width, increments.height);
         if w > 1.0 || h > 1.0 {
             Some(LogicalSize::new(w, h).to_physical(self.scale_factor()))
@@ -1006,9 +1093,9 @@ impl WindowDelegate {
         }
     }
 
-    pub fn set_resize_increments(&self, increments: Option<Size>) {
+    pub fn set_surface_resize_increments(&self, increments: Option<Size>) {
         // XXX the resize increments are only used during live resizes.
-        self.ivars().resize_increments.set(
+        self.ivars().surface_resize_increments.set(
             increments
                 .map(|increments| {
                     let logical = increments.to_logical::<f64>(self.scale_factor());
@@ -1113,18 +1200,18 @@ impl WindowDelegate {
     }
 
     #[inline]
-    pub fn set_cursor_grab(&self, mode: CursorGrabMode) -> Result<(), ExternalError> {
+    pub fn set_cursor_grab(&self, mode: CursorGrabMode) -> Result<(), RequestError> {
         let associate_mouse_cursor = match mode {
             CursorGrabMode::Locked => false,
             CursorGrabMode::None => true,
             CursorGrabMode::Confined => {
-                return Err(ExternalError::NotSupported(NotSupportedError::new()))
+                return Err(NotSupportedError::new("confined cursor is not supported").into())
             },
         };
 
         // TODO: Do this for real https://stackoverflow.com/a/40922095/5435443
         CGDisplay::associate_mouse_and_mouse_cursor_position(associate_mouse_cursor)
-            .map_err(|status| ExternalError::Os(os_error!(OsError::CGError(status))))
+            .map_err(|status| os_error!(format!("CGError {status}")).into())
     }
 
     #[inline]
@@ -1142,43 +1229,42 @@ impl WindowDelegate {
     }
 
     #[inline]
-    pub fn set_cursor_position(&self, cursor_position: Position) -> Result<(), ExternalError> {
-        let physical_window_position = self.inner_position().unwrap();
-        let scale_factor = self.scale_factor();
-        let window_position = physical_window_position.to_logical::<CGFloat>(scale_factor);
-        let logical_cursor_position = cursor_position.to_logical::<CGFloat>(scale_factor);
-        let point = CGPoint {
-            x: logical_cursor_position.x + window_position.x,
-            y: logical_cursor_position.y + window_position.y,
+    pub fn set_cursor_position(&self, cursor_position: Position) -> Result<(), RequestError> {
+        let content_rect = self.window().contentRectForFrameRect(self.window().frame());
+        let window_position = flip_window_screen_coordinates(content_rect);
+        let cursor_position = cursor_position.to_logical::<CGFloat>(self.scale_factor());
+        let point = core_graphics::display::CGPoint {
+            x: window_position.x + cursor_position.x,
+            y: window_position.y + cursor_position.y,
         };
         CGDisplay::warp_mouse_cursor_position(point)
-            .map_err(|e| ExternalError::Os(os_error!(OsError::CGError(e))))?;
+            .map_err(|status| os_error!(format!("CGError {status}")))?;
         CGDisplay::associate_mouse_and_mouse_cursor_position(true)
-            .map_err(|e| ExternalError::Os(os_error!(OsError::CGError(e))))?;
+            .map_err(|status| os_error!(format!("CGError {status}")))?;
 
         Ok(())
     }
 
     #[inline]
-    pub fn drag_window(&self) -> Result<(), ExternalError> {
+    pub fn drag_window(&self) -> Result<(), RequestError> {
         let mtm = MainThreadMarker::from(self);
-        let event = NSApplication::sharedApplication(mtm).currentEvent().unwrap();
+        let event =
+            NSApplication::sharedApplication(mtm).currentEvent().ok_or(RequestError::Ignored)?;
         self.window().performWindowDragWithEvent(&event);
         Ok(())
     }
 
     #[inline]
-    pub fn drag_resize_window(&self, _direction: ResizeDirection) -> Result<(), ExternalError> {
-        Err(ExternalError::NotSupported(NotSupportedError::new()))
+    pub fn drag_resize_window(&self, _direction: ResizeDirection) -> Result<(), NotSupportedError> {
+        Err(NotSupportedError::new("drag_resize_window is not supported"))
     }
 
     #[inline]
     pub fn show_window_menu(&self, _position: Position) {}
 
     #[inline]
-    pub fn set_cursor_hittest(&self, hittest: bool) -> Result<(), ExternalError> {
+    pub fn set_cursor_hittest(&self, hittest: bool) {
         self.window().setIgnoresMouseEvents(!hittest);
-        Ok(())
     }
 
     pub(crate) fn is_zoomed(&self) -> bool {
@@ -1411,7 +1497,7 @@ impl WindowDelegate {
         }
 
         match (old_fullscreen, fullscreen) {
-            (None, Some(_)) => {
+            (None, Some(fullscreen)) => {
                 // `toggleFullScreen` doesn't work if the `StyleMask` is none, so we
                 // set a normal style temporarily. The previous state will be
                 // restored in `WindowDelegate::window_did_exit_fullscreen`.
@@ -1421,6 +1507,17 @@ impl WindowDelegate {
                     self.set_style_mask(required);
                     self.ivars().saved_style.set(Some(curr_mask));
                 }
+
+                // In borderless games, we want to disable the dock and menu bar
+                // by setting the presentation options. We do this here rather than in
+                // `window:willUseFullScreenPresentationOptions` because for some reason
+                // the menu bar remains interactable despite being hidden.
+                if self.is_borderless_game() && matches!(fullscreen, Fullscreen::Borderless(_)) {
+                    let presentation_options = NSApplicationPresentationOptions::NSApplicationPresentationHideDock
+                            | NSApplicationPresentationOptions::NSApplicationPresentationHideMenuBar;
+                    app.setPresentationOptions(presentation_options);
+                }
+
                 toggle_fullscreen(self.window());
             },
             (Some(Fullscreen::Borderless(_)), None) => {
@@ -1598,7 +1695,6 @@ impl WindowDelegate {
         Some(monitor)
     }
 
-    #[cfg(feature = "rwh_06")]
     #[inline]
     pub fn raw_window_handle_rwh_06(&self) -> rwh_06::RawWindowHandle {
         let window_handle = rwh_06::AppKitWindowHandle::new({
@@ -1721,12 +1817,15 @@ impl WindowExtMacOS for WindowDelegate {
             let screen = self.window().screen().expect("expected screen to be available");
             self.window().setFrame_display(screen.frame(), true);
 
+            // Configure the safe area rectangle, to ensure that we don't obscure the notch.
+            if NSScreen::class().responds_to(sel!(safeAreaInsets)) {
+                unsafe { self.view().setAdditionalSafeAreaInsets(screen.safeAreaInsets()) };
+            }
+
             // Fullscreen windows can't be resized, minimized, or moved
             self.toggle_style_mask(NSWindowStyleMask::Miniaturizable, false);
             self.toggle_style_mask(NSWindowStyleMask::Resizable, false);
             self.window().setMovable(false);
-
-            true
         } else {
             let new_mask = self.saved_style();
             self.set_style_mask(new_mask);
@@ -1739,11 +1838,22 @@ impl WindowExtMacOS for WindowDelegate {
                 app.setPresentationOptions(presentation_opts);
             }
 
+            if NSScreen::class().responds_to(sel!(safeAreaInsets)) {
+                unsafe {
+                    self.view().setAdditionalSafeAreaInsets(NSEdgeInsets {
+                        top: 0.0,
+                        left: 0.0,
+                        bottom: 0.0,
+                        right: 0.0,
+                    });
+                }
+            }
+
             self.window().setFrame_display(frame, true);
             self.window().setMovable(true);
-
-            true
         }
+
+        true
     }
 
     #[inline]
@@ -1807,6 +1917,42 @@ impl WindowExtMacOS for WindowDelegate {
     fn option_as_alt(&self) -> OptionAsAlt {
         self.view().option_as_alt()
     }
+
+    fn set_borderless_game(&self, borderless_game: bool) {
+        self.ivars().is_borderless_game.set(borderless_game);
+    }
+
+    fn is_borderless_game(&self) -> bool {
+        self.ivars().is_borderless_game.get()
+    }
+
+    fn set_unified_titlebar(&self, unified_titlebar: bool) {
+        let window = self.window();
+
+        if unified_titlebar {
+            let mtm = MainThreadMarker::from(self);
+
+            unsafe {
+                // The toolbar style is ignored if there is no toolbar, so it is
+                // necessary to add one.
+                window.setToolbar(Some(&NSToolbar::new(mtm)));
+                window.setToolbarStyle(NSWindowToolbarStyle::Unified);
+            }
+        } else {
+            unsafe {
+                window.setToolbar(None);
+                window.setToolbarStyle(NSWindowToolbarStyle::Automatic);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn unified_titlebar(&self) -> bool {
+        let window = self.window();
+
+        unsafe {
+            window.toolbar().is_some() && window.toolbarStyle() == NSWindowToolbarStyle::Unified
+        }
+    }
 }
 
 const DEFAULT_STANDARD_FRAME: NSRect =

src/platform_impl/apple/event_handler.rs

@@ -2,8 +2,9 @@ use std::cell::RefCell;
 use std::{fmt, mem};
 
 use crate::application::ApplicationHandler;
-use crate::platform_impl::ActiveEventLoop;
 
+/// A helper type for storing a reference to `ApplicationHandler`, allowing interior mutable access
+/// to it within the execution of a closure.
 #[derive(Default)]
 pub(crate) struct EventHandler {
     /// This can be in the following states:
@@ -100,6 +101,7 @@ impl EventHandler {
         // soundness.
     }
 
+    #[cfg(target_os = "macos")]
     pub(crate) fn in_use(&self) -> bool {
         self.inner.try_borrow().is_err()
     }
@@ -108,11 +110,7 @@ impl EventHandler {
         matches!(self.inner.try_borrow().as_deref(), Ok(Some(_)))
     }
 
-    pub(crate) fn handle(
-        &self,
-        callback: impl FnOnce(&mut dyn ApplicationHandler, &ActiveEventLoop),
-        event_loop: &ActiveEventLoop,
-    ) {
+    pub(crate) fn handle(&self, callback: impl FnOnce(&mut dyn ApplicationHandler)) {
         match self.inner.try_borrow_mut().as_deref_mut() {
             Ok(Some(user_app)) => {
                 // It is important that we keep the reference borrowed here,
@@ -121,10 +119,10 @@ impl EventHandler {
                 //
                 // If the handler unwinds, the `RefMut` will ensure that the
                 // handler is no longer borrowed.
-                callback(*user_app, event_loop);
+                callback(*user_app);
             },
             Ok(None) => {
-                // `NSApplication`, our app delegate and this handler are all
+                // `NSApplication`, our app state and this handler are all
                 // global state and so it's not impossible that we could get
                 // an event after the application has exited the `EventLoop`.
                 tracing::error!("tried to run event handler, but no handler was set");

src/platform_impl/apple/mod.rs

@@ -2,10 +2,14 @@
 
 #[cfg(target_os = "macos")]
 mod appkit;
+mod event_handler;
+mod notification_center;
 #[cfg(not(target_os = "macos"))]
 mod uikit;
 
+#[allow(unused_imports)]
 #[cfg(target_os = "macos")]
 pub use self::appkit::*;
+#[allow(unused_imports)]
 #[cfg(not(target_os = "macos"))]
 pub use self::uikit::*;

src/platform_impl/apple/notification_center.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+use std::ptr::NonNull;
+
+use block2::RcBlock;
+use objc2::rc::Retained;
+use objc2_foundation::{NSNotification, NSNotificationCenter, NSNotificationName, NSObject};
+
+/// Observe the given notification.
+///
+/// This is used in Winit as an alternative to declaring an application delegate, as we want to
+/// give the user full control over those.
+pub fn create_observer(
+    center: &NSNotificationCenter,
+    name: &NSNotificationName,
+    handler: impl Fn(&NSNotification) + 'static,
+) -> Retained<NSObject> {
+    let block = RcBlock::new(move |notification: NonNull<NSNotification>| {
+        handler(unsafe { notification.as_ref() });
+    });
+    unsafe {
+        center.addObserverForName_object_queue_usingBlock(
+            Some(name),
+            None, // No sender filter
+            None, // No queue, run on posting thread (i.e. main thread)
+            &block,
+        )
+    }
+}

src/platform_impl/apple/uikit/app_delegate.rs

@@ -1,60 +0,0 @@
-use objc2::{declare_class, mutability, ClassType, DeclaredClass};
-use objc2_foundation::{MainThreadMarker, NSObject};
-use objc2_ui_kit::UIApplication;
-
-use super::app_state::{self, send_occluded_event_for_all_windows, EventWrapper};
-use crate::event::Event;
-
-declare_class!(
-    pub struct AppDelegate;
-
-    unsafe impl ClassType for AppDelegate {
-        type Super = NSObject;
-        type Mutability = mutability::InteriorMutable;
-        const NAME: &'static str = "WinitApplicationDelegate";
-    }
-
-    impl DeclaredClass for AppDelegate {}
-
-    // UIApplicationDelegate protocol
-    unsafe impl AppDelegate {
-        #[method(application:didFinishLaunchingWithOptions:)]
-        fn did_finish_launching(&self, _application: &UIApplication, _: *mut NSObject) -> bool {
-            app_state::did_finish_launching(MainThreadMarker::new().unwrap());
-            true
-        }
-
-        #[method(applicationDidBecomeActive:)]
-        fn did_become_active(&self, _application: &UIApplication) {
-            let mtm = MainThreadMarker::new().unwrap();
-            app_state::handle_nonuser_event(mtm, EventWrapper::StaticEvent(Event::Resumed))
-        }
-
-        #[method(applicationWillResignActive:)]
-        fn will_resign_active(&self, _application: &UIApplication) {
-            let mtm = MainThreadMarker::new().unwrap();
-            app_state::handle_nonuser_event(mtm, EventWrapper::StaticEvent(Event::Suspended))
-        }
-
-        #[method(applicationWillEnterForeground:)]
-        fn will_enter_foreground(&self, application: &UIApplication) {
-            send_occluded_event_for_all_windows(application, false);
-        }
-
-        #[method(applicationDidEnterBackground:)]
-        fn did_enter_background(&self, application: &UIApplication) {
-            send_occluded_event_for_all_windows(application, true);
-        }
-
-        #[method(applicationWillTerminate:)]
-        fn will_terminate(&self, application: &UIApplication) {
-            app_state::terminated(application);
-        }
-
-        #[method(applicationDidReceiveMemoryWarning:)]
-        fn did_receive_memory_warning(&self, _application: &UIApplication) {
-            let mtm = MainThreadMarker::new().unwrap();
-            app_state::handle_nonuser_event(mtm, EventWrapper::StaticEvent(Event::MemoryWarning))
-        }
-    }
-);

src/platform_impl/apple/uikit/app_state.rs

@@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
 #![deny(unused_results)]
 
-use std::cell::{RefCell, RefMut};
+use std::cell::{OnceCell, RefCell, RefMut};
 use std::collections::HashSet;
 use std::os::raw::c_void;
-use std::sync::atomic::AtomicBool;
+use std::sync::atomic::Ordering;
 use std::sync::{Arc, Mutex, OnceLock};
 use std::time::Instant;
-use std::{fmt, mem, ptr};
+use std::{mem, ptr};
 
 use core_foundation::base::CFRelease;
 use core_foundation::date::CFAbsoluteTimeGetCurrent;
@@ -15,20 +15,21 @@ use core_foundation::runloop::{
     CFRunLoopTimerInvalidate, CFRunLoopTimerRef, CFRunLoopTimerSetNextFireDate,
 };
 use objc2::rc::Retained;
-use objc2::runtime::AnyObject;
-use objc2::{msg_send, sel};
+use objc2::sel;
 use objc2_foundation::{
     CGRect, CGSize, MainThreadMarker, NSInteger, NSObjectProtocol, NSOperatingSystemVersion,
     NSProcessInfo,
 };
 use objc2_ui_kit::{UIApplication, UICoordinateSpace, UIView, UIWindow};
 
+use super::super::event_handler::EventHandler;
 use super::window::WinitUIWindow;
-use super::ActiveEventLoop;
+use super::{ActiveEventLoop, EventLoopProxy};
+use crate::application::ApplicationHandler;
 use crate::dpi::PhysicalSize;
-use crate::event::{Event, InnerSizeWriter, StartCause, WindowEvent};
-use crate::event_loop::{ActiveEventLoop as RootActiveEventLoop, ControlFlow};
-use crate::window::WindowId as RootWindowId;
+use crate::event::{StartCause, SurfaceSizeWriter, WindowEvent};
+use crate::event_loop::ControlFlow;
+use crate::window::WindowId;
 
 macro_rules! bug {
     ($($msg:tt)*) => {
@@ -42,30 +43,34 @@ macro_rules! bug_assert {
     };
 }
 
-pub(crate) struct EventLoopHandler {
-    #[allow(clippy::type_complexity)]
-    pub(crate) handler: Box<dyn FnMut(Event, &dyn RootActiveEventLoop)>,
-    pub(crate) event_loop: ActiveEventLoop,
-}
+/// Get the global event handler for the application.
+///
+/// This is stored separately from AppState, since AppState needs to be accessible while the handler
+/// is executing.
+fn get_handler(mtm: MainThreadMarker) -> &'static EventHandler {
+    // TODO(madsmtm): Use `MainThreadBound` once that is possible in `static`s.
+    struct StaticMainThreadBound<T>(T);
 
-impl fmt::Debug for EventLoopHandler {
-    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
-        f.debug_struct("EventLoopHandler")
-            .field("handler", &"...")
-            .field("event_loop", &self.event_loop)
-            .finish()
+    impl<T> StaticMainThreadBound<T> {
+        const fn get(&self, _mtm: MainThreadMarker) -> &T {
+            &self.0
+        }
     }
-}
 
-impl EventLoopHandler {
-    fn handle_event(&mut self, event: Event) {
-        (self.handler)(event, &self.event_loop)
-    }
+    unsafe impl<T> Send for StaticMainThreadBound<T> {}
+    unsafe impl<T> Sync for StaticMainThreadBound<T> {}
+
+    // SAFETY: Creating `StaticMainThreadBound` in a `const` context, where there is no concept
+    // of the main thread.
+    static GLOBAL: StaticMainThreadBound<OnceCell<EventHandler>> =
+        StaticMainThreadBound(OnceCell::new());
+
+    GLOBAL.get(mtm).get_or_init(EventHandler::new)
 }
 
 #[derive(Debug)]
 pub(crate) enum EventWrapper {
-    StaticEvent(Event),
+    Window { window_id: WindowId, event: WindowEvent },
     ScaleFactorChanged(ScaleFactorChanged),
 }
 
@@ -76,20 +81,9 @@ pub struct ScaleFactorChanged {
     pub(super) scale_factor: f64,
 }
 
-enum UserCallbackTransitionResult<'a> {
-    Success {
-        handler: EventLoopHandler,
-        active_control_flow: ControlFlow,
-        processing_redraws: bool,
-    },
-    ReentrancyPrevented {
-        queued_events: &'a mut Vec<EventWrapper>,
-    },
-}
-
-impl Event {
+impl EventWrapper {
     fn is_redraw(&self) -> bool {
-        matches!(self, Event::WindowEvent { event: WindowEvent::RedrawRequested, .. })
+        matches!(self, Self::Window { event: WindowEvent::RedrawRequested, .. })
     }
 }
 
@@ -97,38 +91,20 @@ impl Event {
 #[derive(Debug)]
 #[must_use = "dropping `AppStateImpl` without inspecting it is probably a bug"]
 enum AppStateImpl {
-    NotLaunched {
-        queued_windows: Vec<Retained<WinitUIWindow>>,
-        queued_events: Vec<EventWrapper>,
-        queued_gpu_redraws: HashSet<Retained<WinitUIWindow>>,
-    },
-    Launching {
-        queued_windows: Vec<Retained<WinitUIWindow>>,
-        queued_events: Vec<EventWrapper>,
-        queued_handler: EventLoopHandler,
+    Initial {
         queued_gpu_redraws: HashSet<Retained<WinitUIWindow>>,
     },
     ProcessingEvents {
-        handler: EventLoopHandler,
         queued_gpu_redraws: HashSet<Retained<WinitUIWindow>>,
         active_control_flow: ControlFlow,
     },
-    // special state to deal with reentrancy and prevent mutable aliasing.
-    InUserCallback {
-        queued_events: Vec<EventWrapper>,
-        queued_gpu_redraws: HashSet<Retained<WinitUIWindow>>,
-    },
     ProcessingRedraws {
-        handler: EventLoopHandler,
         active_control_flow: ControlFlow,
     },
     Waiting {
-        waiting_handler: EventLoopHandler,
         start: Instant,
     },
-    PollFinished {
-        waiting_handler: EventLoopHandler,
-    },
+    PollFinished,
     Terminated,
 }
 
@@ -137,7 +113,8 @@ pub(crate) struct AppState {
     app_state: Option<AppStateImpl>,
     control_flow: ControlFlow,
     waker: EventLoopWaker,
-    proxy_wake_up: Arc<AtomicBool>,
+    event_loop_proxy: Arc<EventLoopProxy>,
+    queued_events: Vec<EventWrapper>,
 }
 
 impl AppState {
@@ -147,6 +124,8 @@ impl AppState {
         // must be mut because plain `static` requires `Sync`
         static mut APP_STATE: RefCell<Option<AppState>> = RefCell::new(None);
 
+        #[allow(unknown_lints)] // New lint below
+        #[allow(static_mut_refs)] // TODO: Use `MainThreadBound` instead.
         let mut guard = unsafe { APP_STATE.borrow_mut() };
         if guard.is_none() {
             #[inline(never)]
@@ -154,14 +133,11 @@ impl AppState {
             fn init_guard(guard: &mut RefMut<'static, Option<AppState>>) {
                 let waker = EventLoopWaker::new(unsafe { CFRunLoopGetMain() });
                 **guard = Some(AppState {
-                    app_state: Some(AppStateImpl::NotLaunched {
-                        queued_windows: Vec::new(),
-                        queued_events: Vec::new(),
-                        queued_gpu_redraws: HashSet::new(),
-                    }),
+                    app_state: Some(AppStateImpl::Initial { queued_gpu_redraws: HashSet::new() }),
                     control_flow: ControlFlow::default(),
                     waker,
-                    proxy_wake_up: Arc::new(AtomicBool::new(false)),
+                    event_loop_proxy: Arc::new(EventLoopProxy::new()),
+                    queued_events: Vec::new(),
                 });
             }
             init_guard(&mut guard);
@@ -207,154 +183,61 @@ impl AppState {
     }
 
     fn has_launched(&self) -> bool {
-        !matches!(self.state(), AppStateImpl::NotLaunched { .. } | AppStateImpl::Launching { .. })
+        !matches!(self.state(), AppStateImpl::Initial { .. })
     }
 
     fn has_terminated(&self) -> bool {
         matches!(self.state(), AppStateImpl::Terminated)
     }
 
-    fn will_launch_transition(&mut self, queued_handler: EventLoopHandler) {
-        let (queued_windows, queued_events, queued_gpu_redraws) = match self.take_state() {
-            AppStateImpl::NotLaunched { queued_windows, queued_events, queued_gpu_redraws } => {
-                (queued_windows, queued_events, queued_gpu_redraws)
-            },
-            s => bug!("unexpected state {:?}", s),
-        };
-        self.set_state(AppStateImpl::Launching {
-            queued_windows,
-            queued_events,
-            queued_handler,
-            queued_gpu_redraws,
-        });
-    }
-
-    fn did_finish_launching_transition(
-        &mut self,
-    ) -> (Vec<Retained<WinitUIWindow>>, Vec<EventWrapper>) {
-        let (windows, events, handler, queued_gpu_redraws) = match self.take_state() {
-            AppStateImpl::Launching {
-                queued_windows,
-                queued_events,
-                queued_handler,
-                queued_gpu_redraws,
-            } => (queued_windows, queued_events, queued_handler, queued_gpu_redraws),
+    fn did_finish_launching_transition(&mut self) {
+        let queued_gpu_redraws = match self.take_state() {
+            AppStateImpl::Initial { queued_gpu_redraws } => queued_gpu_redraws,
             s => bug!("unexpected state {:?}", s),
         };
         self.set_state(AppStateImpl::ProcessingEvents {
-            handler,
             active_control_flow: self.control_flow,
             queued_gpu_redraws,
         });
-        (windows, events)
     }
 
-    fn wakeup_transition(&mut self) -> Option<EventWrapper> {
+    fn wakeup_transition(&mut self) -> Option<StartCause> {
         // before `AppState::did_finish_launching` is called, pretend there is no running
         // event loop.
         if !self.has_launched() || self.has_terminated() {
             return None;
         }
 
-        let (handler, event) = match (self.control_flow, self.take_state()) {
-            (ControlFlow::Poll, AppStateImpl::PollFinished { waiting_handler }) => {
-                (waiting_handler, EventWrapper::StaticEvent(Event::NewEvents(StartCause::Poll)))
+        let start_cause = match (self.control_flow, self.take_state()) {
+            (ControlFlow::Poll, AppStateImpl::PollFinished) => StartCause::Poll,
+            (ControlFlow::Wait, AppStateImpl::Waiting { start }) => {
+                StartCause::WaitCancelled { start, requested_resume: None }
             },
-            (ControlFlow::Wait, AppStateImpl::Waiting { waiting_handler, start }) => (
-                waiting_handler,
-                EventWrapper::StaticEvent(Event::NewEvents(StartCause::WaitCancelled {
-                    start,
-                    requested_resume: None,
-                })),
-            ),
-            (
-                ControlFlow::WaitUntil(requested_resume),
-                AppStateImpl::Waiting { waiting_handler, start },
-            ) => {
-                let event = if Instant::now() >= requested_resume {
-                    EventWrapper::StaticEvent(Event::NewEvents(StartCause::ResumeTimeReached {
-                        start,
-                        requested_resume,
-                    }))
+            (ControlFlow::WaitUntil(requested_resume), AppStateImpl::Waiting { start }) => {
+                if Instant::now() >= requested_resume {
+                    StartCause::ResumeTimeReached { start, requested_resume }
                 } else {
-                    EventWrapper::StaticEvent(Event::NewEvents(StartCause::WaitCancelled {
-                        start,
-                        requested_resume: Some(requested_resume),
-                    }))
-                };
-                (waiting_handler, event)
+                    StartCause::WaitCancelled { start, requested_resume: Some(requested_resume) }
+                }
             },
             s => bug!("`EventHandler` unexpectedly woke up {:?}", s),
         };
 
         self.set_state(AppStateImpl::ProcessingEvents {
-            handler,
             queued_gpu_redraws: Default::default(),
             active_control_flow: self.control_flow,
         });
-        Some(event)
-    }
-
-    fn try_user_callback_transition(&mut self) -> UserCallbackTransitionResult<'_> {
-        // If we're not able to process an event due to recursion or `Init` not having been sent out
-        // yet, then queue the events up.
-        match self.state_mut() {
-            &mut AppStateImpl::Launching { ref mut queued_events, .. }
-            | &mut AppStateImpl::NotLaunched { ref mut queued_events, .. }
-            | &mut AppStateImpl::InUserCallback { ref mut queued_events, .. } => {
-                // A lifetime cast: early returns are not currently handled well with NLL, but
-                // polonius handles them well. This transmute is a safe workaround.
-                return unsafe {
-                    mem::transmute::<
-                        UserCallbackTransitionResult<'_>,
-                        UserCallbackTransitionResult<'_>,
-                    >(UserCallbackTransitionResult::ReentrancyPrevented {
-                        queued_events,
-                    })
-                };
-            },
-
-            &mut AppStateImpl::ProcessingEvents { .. }
-            | &mut AppStateImpl::ProcessingRedraws { .. } => {},
-
-            s @ &mut AppStateImpl::PollFinished { .. }
-            | s @ &mut AppStateImpl::Waiting { .. }
-            | s @ &mut AppStateImpl::Terminated => {
-                bug!("unexpected attempted to process an event {:?}", s)
-            },
-        }
-
-        let (handler, queued_gpu_redraws, active_control_flow, processing_redraws) = match self
-            .take_state()
-        {
-            AppStateImpl::Launching { .. }
-            | AppStateImpl::NotLaunched { .. }
-            | AppStateImpl::InUserCallback { .. } => unreachable!(),
-            AppStateImpl::ProcessingEvents { handler, queued_gpu_redraws, active_control_flow } => {
-                (handler, queued_gpu_redraws, active_control_flow, false)
-            },
-            AppStateImpl::ProcessingRedraws { handler, active_control_flow } => {
-                (handler, Default::default(), active_control_flow, true)
-            },
-            AppStateImpl::PollFinished { .. }
-            | AppStateImpl::Waiting { .. }
-            | AppStateImpl::Terminated => unreachable!(),
-        };
-        self.set_state(AppStateImpl::InUserCallback {
-            queued_events: Vec::new(),
-            queued_gpu_redraws,
-        });
-        UserCallbackTransitionResult::Success { handler, active_control_flow, processing_redraws }
+        Some(start_cause)
     }
 
     fn main_events_cleared_transition(&mut self) -> HashSet<Retained<WinitUIWindow>> {
-        let (handler, queued_gpu_redraws, active_control_flow) = match self.take_state() {
-            AppStateImpl::ProcessingEvents { handler, queued_gpu_redraws, active_control_flow } => {
-                (handler, queued_gpu_redraws, active_control_flow)
+        let (queued_gpu_redraws, active_control_flow) = match self.take_state() {
+            AppStateImpl::ProcessingEvents { queued_gpu_redraws, active_control_flow } => {
+                (queued_gpu_redraws, active_control_flow)
             },
             s => bug!("unexpected state {:?}", s),
         };
-        self.set_state(AppStateImpl::ProcessingRedraws { handler, active_control_flow });
+        self.set_state(AppStateImpl::ProcessingRedraws { active_control_flow });
         queued_gpu_redraws
     }
 
@@ -362,10 +245,8 @@ impl AppState {
         if !self.has_launched() || self.has_terminated() {
             return;
         }
-        let (waiting_handler, old) = match self.take_state() {
-            AppStateImpl::ProcessingRedraws { handler, active_control_flow } => {
-                (handler, active_control_flow)
-            },
+        let old = match self.take_state() {
+            AppStateImpl::ProcessingRedraws { active_control_flow } => active_control_flow,
             s => bug!("unexpected state {:?}", s),
         };
 
@@ -373,41 +254,41 @@ impl AppState {
         match (old, new) {
             (ControlFlow::Wait, ControlFlow::Wait) => {
                 let start = Instant::now();
-                self.set_state(AppStateImpl::Waiting { waiting_handler, start });
+                self.set_state(AppStateImpl::Waiting { start });
             },
             (ControlFlow::WaitUntil(old_instant), ControlFlow::WaitUntil(new_instant))
                 if old_instant == new_instant =>
             {
                 let start = Instant::now();
-                self.set_state(AppStateImpl::Waiting { waiting_handler, start });
+                self.set_state(AppStateImpl::Waiting { start });
             },
             (_, ControlFlow::Wait) => {
                 let start = Instant::now();
-                self.set_state(AppStateImpl::Waiting { waiting_handler, start });
+                self.set_state(AppStateImpl::Waiting { start });
                 self.waker.stop()
             },
             (_, ControlFlow::WaitUntil(new_instant)) => {
                 let start = Instant::now();
-                self.set_state(AppStateImpl::Waiting { waiting_handler, start });
+                self.set_state(AppStateImpl::Waiting { start });
                 self.waker.start_at(new_instant)
             },
             // Unlike on macOS, handle Poll to Poll transition here to call the waker
             (_, ControlFlow::Poll) => {
-                self.set_state(AppStateImpl::PollFinished { waiting_handler });
+                self.set_state(AppStateImpl::PollFinished);
                 self.waker.start()
             },
         }
     }
 
-    fn terminated_transition(&mut self) -> EventLoopHandler {
+    fn terminated_transition(&mut self) {
         match self.replace_state(AppStateImpl::Terminated) {
-            AppStateImpl::ProcessingEvents { handler, .. } => handler,
-            s => bug!("`LoopExiting` happened while not processing events {:?}", s),
+            AppStateImpl::ProcessingEvents { .. } => {},
+            s => bug!("terminated while not processing events {:?}", s),
         }
     }
 
-    pub(crate) fn proxy_wake_up(&self) -> Arc<AtomicBool> {
-        self.proxy_wake_up.clone()
+    pub fn event_loop_proxy(&self) -> &Arc<EventLoopProxy> {
+        &self.event_loop_proxy
     }
 
     pub(crate) fn set_control_flow(&mut self, control_flow: ControlFlow) {
@@ -419,33 +300,11 @@ impl AppState {
     }
 }
 
-pub(crate) fn set_key_window(mtm: MainThreadMarker, window: &Retained<WinitUIWindow>) {
-    let mut this = AppState::get_mut(mtm);
-    match this.state_mut() {
-        &mut AppStateImpl::NotLaunched { ref mut queued_windows, .. } => {
-            return queued_windows.push(window.clone())
-        },
-        &mut AppStateImpl::ProcessingEvents { .. }
-        | &mut AppStateImpl::InUserCallback { .. }
-        | &mut AppStateImpl::ProcessingRedraws { .. } => {},
-        s @ &mut AppStateImpl::Launching { .. }
-        | s @ &mut AppStateImpl::Waiting { .. }
-        | s @ &mut AppStateImpl::PollFinished { .. } => bug!("unexpected state {:?}", s),
-        &mut AppStateImpl::Terminated => {
-            panic!("Attempt to create a `Window` after the app has terminated")
-        },
-    }
-    drop(this);
-    window.makeKeyAndVisible();
-}
-
 pub(crate) fn queue_gl_or_metal_redraw(mtm: MainThreadMarker, window: Retained<WinitUIWindow>) {
     let mut this = AppState::get_mut(mtm);
     match this.state_mut() {
-        &mut AppStateImpl::NotLaunched { ref mut queued_gpu_redraws, .. }
-        | &mut AppStateImpl::Launching { ref mut queued_gpu_redraws, .. }
-        | &mut AppStateImpl::ProcessingEvents { ref mut queued_gpu_redraws, .. }
-        | &mut AppStateImpl::InUserCallback { ref mut queued_gpu_redraws, .. } => {
+        &mut AppStateImpl::Initial { ref mut queued_gpu_redraws, .. }
+        | &mut AppStateImpl::ProcessingEvents { ref mut queued_gpu_redraws, .. } => {
             let _ = queued_gpu_redraws.insert(window);
         },
         s @ &mut AppStateImpl::ProcessingRedraws { .. }
@@ -457,71 +316,36 @@ pub(crate) fn queue_gl_or_metal_redraw(mtm: MainThreadMarker, window: Retained<W
     }
 }
 
-pub(crate) fn will_launch(mtm: MainThreadMarker, queued_handler: EventLoopHandler) {
-    AppState::get_mut(mtm).will_launch_transition(queued_handler)
+pub(crate) fn launch(mtm: MainThreadMarker, app: &mut dyn ApplicationHandler, run: impl FnOnce()) {
+    get_handler(mtm).set(app, run)
 }
 
 pub fn did_finish_launching(mtm: MainThreadMarker) {
     let mut this = AppState::get_mut(mtm);
-    let windows = match this.state_mut() {
-        AppStateImpl::Launching { queued_windows, .. } => mem::take(queued_windows),
-        s => bug!("unexpected state {:?}", s),
-    };
 
     this.waker.start();
 
     // have to drop RefMut because the window setup code below can trigger new events
     drop(this);
 
-    for window in windows {
-        // Do a little screen dance here to account for windows being created before
-        // `UIApplicationMain` is called. This fixes visual issues such as being
-        // offcenter and sized incorrectly. Additionally, to fix orientation issues, we
-        // gotta reset the `rootViewController`.
-        //
-        // relevant iOS log:
-        // ```
-        // [ApplicationLifecycle] Windows were created before application initialization
-        // completed. This may result in incorrect visual appearance.
-        // ```
-        let screen = window.screen();
-        let _: () = unsafe { msg_send![&window, setScreen: ptr::null::<AnyObject>()] };
-        window.setScreen(&screen);
+    AppState::get_mut(mtm).did_finish_launching_transition();
 
-        let controller = window.rootViewController();
-        window.setRootViewController(None);
-        window.setRootViewController(controller.as_deref());
-
-        window.makeKeyAndVisible();
-    }
-
-    let (windows, events) = AppState::get_mut(mtm).did_finish_launching_transition();
-
-    let events = [
-        EventWrapper::StaticEvent(Event::NewEvents(StartCause::Init)),
-        EventWrapper::StaticEvent(Event::CreateSurfaces),
-    ]
-    .into_iter()
-    .chain(events);
-    handle_nonuser_events(mtm, events);
-
-    // the above window dance hack, could possibly trigger new windows to be created.
-    // we can just set those windows up normally, as they were created after didFinishLaunching
-    for window in windows {
-        window.makeKeyAndVisible();
-    }
+    get_handler(mtm).handle(|app| app.new_events(&ActiveEventLoop { mtm }, StartCause::Init));
+    get_handler(mtm).handle(|app| app.can_create_surfaces(&ActiveEventLoop { mtm }));
+    handle_nonuser_events(mtm, []);
 }
 
 // AppState::did_finish_launching handles the special transition `Init`
 pub fn handle_wakeup_transition(mtm: MainThreadMarker) {
     let mut this = AppState::get_mut(mtm);
-    let wakeup_event = match this.wakeup_transition() {
+    let cause = match this.wakeup_transition() {
         None => return,
-        Some(wakeup_event) => wakeup_event,
+        Some(cause) => cause,
     };
     drop(this);
 
-    handle_nonuser_event(mtm, wakeup_event)
+    get_handler(mtm).handle(|app| app.new_events(&ActiveEventLoop { mtm }, cause));
+    handle_nonuser_events(mtm, []);
 }
 
 pub(crate) fn handle_nonuser_event(mtm: MainThreadMarker, event: EventWrapper) {
@@ -537,137 +361,76 @@ pub(crate) fn handle_nonuser_events<I: IntoIterator<Item = EventWrapper>>(
         return;
     }
 
-    let (mut handler, active_control_flow, processing_redraws) =
-        match this.try_user_callback_transition() {
-            UserCallbackTransitionResult::ReentrancyPrevented { queued_events } => {
-                queued_events.extend(events);
-                return;
-            },
-            UserCallbackTransitionResult::Success {
-                handler,
-                active_control_flow,
-                processing_redraws,
-            } => (handler, active_control_flow, processing_redraws),
-        };
+    if !get_handler(mtm).ready() {
+        // Prevent re-entrancy; queue the events up for once we're done handling the event instead.
+        this.queued_events.extend(events);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    let processing_redraws = matches!(this.state(), AppStateImpl::ProcessingRedraws { .. });
     drop(this);
 
-    for wrapper in events {
-        match wrapper {
-            EventWrapper::StaticEvent(event) => {
-                if !processing_redraws && event.is_redraw() {
-                    tracing::info!("processing `RedrawRequested` during the main event loop");
-                } else if processing_redraws && !event.is_redraw() {
-                    tracing::warn!(
-                        "processing non `RedrawRequested` event after the main event loop: {:#?}",
-                        event
-                    );
-                }
-                handler.handle_event(event)
-            },
-            EventWrapper::ScaleFactorChanged(event) => handle_hidpi_proxy(&mut handler, event),
+    for event in events {
+        if !processing_redraws && event.is_redraw() {
+            tracing::info!("processing `RedrawRequested` during the main event loop");
+        } else if processing_redraws && !event.is_redraw() {
+            tracing::warn!(
+                "processing non `RedrawRequested` event after the main event loop: {:#?}",
+                event
+            );
         }
+        handle_wrapped_event(mtm, event)
     }
 
     loop {
         let mut this = AppState::get_mut(mtm);
-        let queued_events = match this.state_mut() {
-            &mut AppStateImpl::InUserCallback { ref mut queued_events, queued_gpu_redraws: _ } => {
-                mem::take(queued_events)
-            },
-            s => bug!("unexpected state {:?}", s),
-        };
+        let queued_events = mem::take(&mut this.queued_events);
         if queued_events.is_empty() {
-            let queued_gpu_redraws = match this.take_state() {
-                AppStateImpl::InUserCallback { queued_events: _, queued_gpu_redraws } => {
-                    queued_gpu_redraws
-                },
-                _ => unreachable!(),
-            };
-            this.app_state = Some(if processing_redraws {
-                bug_assert!(
-                    queued_gpu_redraws.is_empty(),
-                    "redraw queued while processing redraws"
-                );
-                AppStateImpl::ProcessingRedraws { handler, active_control_flow }
-            } else {
-                AppStateImpl::ProcessingEvents { handler, queued_gpu_redraws, active_control_flow }
-            });
             break;
         }
         drop(this);
 
-        for wrapper in queued_events {
-            match wrapper {
-                EventWrapper::StaticEvent(event) => {
-                    if !processing_redraws && event.is_redraw() {
-                        tracing::info!("processing `RedrawRequested` during the main event loop");
-                    } else if processing_redraws && !event.is_redraw() {
-                        tracing::warn!(
-                            "processing non-`RedrawRequested` event after the main event loop: \
-                             {:#?}",
-                            event
-                        );
-                    }
-                    handler.handle_event(event)
-                },
-                EventWrapper::ScaleFactorChanged(event) => handle_hidpi_proxy(&mut handler, event),
+        for event in queued_events {
+            if !processing_redraws && event.is_redraw() {
+                tracing::info!("processing `RedrawRequested` during the main event loop");
+            } else if processing_redraws && !event.is_redraw() {
+                tracing::warn!(
+                    "processing non-`RedrawRequested` event after the main event loop: {:#?}",
+                    event
+                );
             }
+            handle_wrapped_event(mtm, event);
         }
     }
 }
 
 fn handle_user_events(mtm: MainThreadMarker) {
-    let mut this = AppState::get_mut(mtm);
-    let (mut handler, active_control_flow, processing_redraws) =
-        match this.try_user_callback_transition() {
-            UserCallbackTransitionResult::ReentrancyPrevented { .. } => {
-                bug!("unexpected attempted to process an event")
-            },
-            UserCallbackTransitionResult::Success {
-                handler,
-                active_control_flow,
-                processing_redraws,
-            } => (handler, active_control_flow, processing_redraws),
-        };
-    if processing_redraws {
+    let this = AppState::get_mut(mtm);
+    if matches!(this.state(), AppStateImpl::ProcessingRedraws { .. }) {
         bug!("user events attempted to be sent out while `ProcessingRedraws`");
     }
+    let event_loop_proxy = this.event_loop_proxy().clone();
     drop(this);
 
-    handler.handle_event(Event::UserWakeUp);
+    if event_loop_proxy.wake_up.swap(false, Ordering::Relaxed) {
+        get_handler(mtm).handle(|app| app.proxy_wake_up(&ActiveEventLoop { mtm }));
+    }
 
     loop {
         let mut this = AppState::get_mut(mtm);
-        let queued_events = match this.state_mut() {
-            &mut AppStateImpl::InUserCallback { ref mut queued_events, queued_gpu_redraws: _ } => {
-                mem::take(queued_events)
-            },
-            s => bug!("unexpected state {:?}", s),
-        };
+        let queued_events = mem::take(&mut this.queued_events);
         if queued_events.is_empty() {
-            let queued_gpu_redraws = match this.take_state() {
-                AppStateImpl::InUserCallback { queued_events: _, queued_gpu_redraws } => {
-                    queued_gpu_redraws
-                },
-                _ => unreachable!(),
-            };
-            this.app_state = Some(AppStateImpl::ProcessingEvents {
-                handler,
-                queued_gpu_redraws,
-                active_control_flow,
-            });
             break;
         }
         drop(this);
 
-        for wrapper in queued_events {
-            match wrapper {
-                EventWrapper::StaticEvent(event) => handler.handle_event(event),
-                EventWrapper::ScaleFactorChanged(event) => handle_hidpi_proxy(&mut handler, event),
-            }
+        for event in queued_events {
+            handle_wrapped_event(mtm, event);
         }
 
-        handler.handle_event(Event::UserWakeUp);
+        if event_loop_proxy.wake_up.swap(false, Ordering::Relaxed) {
+            get_handler(mtm).handle(|app| app.proxy_wake_up(&ActiveEventLoop { mtm }));
+        }
     }
 }
 
@@ -684,10 +447,10 @@ pub(crate) fn send_occluded_event_for_all_windows(application: &UIApplication, o
                 let ptr: *const WinitUIWindow = ptr.cast();
                 &*ptr
             };
-            events.push(EventWrapper::StaticEvent(Event::WindowEvent {
-                window_id: RootWindowId(window.id()),
+            events.push(EventWrapper::Window {
+                window_id: window.id(),
                 event: WindowEvent::Occluded(occluded),
-            }));
+            });
         }
     }
     handle_nonuser_events(mtm, events);
@@ -710,23 +473,37 @@ pub fn handle_main_events_cleared(mtm: MainThreadMarker) {
     let redraw_events: Vec<EventWrapper> = this
         .main_events_cleared_transition()
         .into_iter()
-        .map(|window| {
-            EventWrapper::StaticEvent(Event::WindowEvent {
-                window_id: RootWindowId(window.id()),
-                event: WindowEvent::RedrawRequested,
-            })
+        .map(|window| EventWrapper::Window {
+            window_id: window.id(),
+            event: WindowEvent::RedrawRequested,
         })
         .collect();
     drop(this);
 
     handle_nonuser_events(mtm, redraw_events);
-    handle_nonuser_event(mtm, EventWrapper::StaticEvent(Event::AboutToWait));
+    get_handler(mtm).handle(|app| app.about_to_wait(&ActiveEventLoop { mtm }));
+    handle_nonuser_events(mtm, []);
 }
 
 pub fn handle_events_cleared(mtm: MainThreadMarker) {
     AppState::get_mut(mtm).events_cleared_transition();
 }
 
+pub(crate) fn handle_resumed(mtm: MainThreadMarker) {
+    get_handler(mtm).handle(|app| app.resumed(&ActiveEventLoop { mtm }));
+    handle_nonuser_events(mtm, []);
+}
+
+pub(crate) fn handle_suspended(mtm: MainThreadMarker) {
+    get_handler(mtm).handle(|app| app.suspended(&ActiveEventLoop { mtm }));
+    handle_nonuser_events(mtm, []);
+}
+
+pub(crate) fn handle_memory_warning(mtm: MainThreadMarker) {
+    get_handler(mtm).handle(|app| app.memory_warning(&ActiveEventLoop { mtm }));
+    handle_nonuser_events(mtm, []);
+}
+
 pub(crate) fn terminated(application: &UIApplication) {
     let mtm = MainThreadMarker::from(application);
 
@@ -740,35 +517,41 @@ pub(crate) fn terminated(application: &UIApplication) {
                 let ptr: *const WinitUIWindow = ptr.cast();
                 &*ptr
             };
-            events.push(EventWrapper::StaticEvent(Event::WindowEvent {
-                window_id: RootWindowId(window.id()),
+            events.push(EventWrapper::Window {
+                window_id: window.id(),
                 event: WindowEvent::Destroyed,
-            }));
+            });
         }
     }
     handle_nonuser_events(mtm, events);
 
     let mut this = AppState::get_mut(mtm);
-    let mut handler = this.terminated_transition();
+    this.terminated_transition();
     drop(this);
 
-    handler.handle_event(Event::LoopExiting)
+    get_handler(mtm).handle(|app| app.exiting(&ActiveEventLoop { mtm }));
 }
 
-fn handle_hidpi_proxy(handler: &mut EventLoopHandler, event: ScaleFactorChanged) {
+fn handle_wrapped_event(mtm: MainThreadMarker, event: EventWrapper) {
+    match event {
+        EventWrapper::Window { window_id, event } => get_handler(mtm)
+            .handle(|app| app.window_event(&ActiveEventLoop { mtm }, window_id, event)),
+        EventWrapper::ScaleFactorChanged(event) => handle_hidpi_proxy(mtm, event),
+    }
+}
+
+fn handle_hidpi_proxy(mtm: MainThreadMarker, event: ScaleFactorChanged) {
     let ScaleFactorChanged { suggested_size, scale_factor, window } = event;
-    let new_inner_size = Arc::new(Mutex::new(suggested_size));
-    let event = Event::WindowEvent {
-        window_id: RootWindowId(window.id()),
-        event: WindowEvent::ScaleFactorChanged {
+    let new_surface_size = Arc::new(Mutex::new(suggested_size));
+    get_handler(mtm).handle(|app| {
+        app.window_event(&ActiveEventLoop { mtm }, window.id(), WindowEvent::ScaleFactorChanged {
             scale_factor,
-            inner_size_writer: InnerSizeWriter::new(Arc::downgrade(&new_inner_size)),
-        },
-    };
-    handler.handle_event(event);
+            surface_size_writer: SurfaceSizeWriter::new(Arc::downgrade(&new_surface_size)),
+        });
+    });
     let (view, screen_frame) = get_view_and_screen_frame(&window);
-    let physical_size = *new_inner_size.lock().unwrap();
-    drop(new_inner_size);
+    let physical_size = *new_surface_size.lock().unwrap();
+    drop(new_surface_size);
     let logical_size = physical_size.to_logical(scale_factor);
     let size = CGSize::new(logical_size.width, logical_size.height);
     let new_frame: CGRect = CGRect::new(screen_frame.origin, size);

src/platform_impl/apple/uikit/event_loop.rs

@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-use std::any::Any;
 use std::ffi::{c_char, c_int, c_void};
 use std::ptr::{self, NonNull};
 use std::sync::atomic::{AtomicBool, Ordering as AtomicOrdering};
@@ -13,22 +12,29 @@ use core_foundation::runloop::{
 };
 use objc2::rc::Retained;
 use objc2::{msg_send_id, ClassType};
-use objc2_foundation::{MainThreadMarker, NSString};
-use objc2_ui_kit::{UIApplication, UIApplicationMain, UIScreen};
+use objc2_foundation::{MainThreadMarker, NSNotificationCenter, NSObject};
+use objc2_ui_kit::{
+    UIApplication, UIApplicationDidBecomeActiveNotification,
+    UIApplicationDidEnterBackgroundNotification, UIApplicationDidFinishLaunchingNotification,
+    UIApplicationDidReceiveMemoryWarningNotification, UIApplicationMain,
+    UIApplicationWillEnterForegroundNotification, UIApplicationWillResignActiveNotification,
+    UIApplicationWillTerminateNotification, UIScreen,
+};
+use rwh_06::HasDisplayHandle;
 
-use super::app_delegate::AppDelegate;
-use super::app_state::{AppState, EventLoopHandler};
+use super::super::notification_center::create_observer;
+use super::app_state::{send_occluded_event_for_all_windows, AppState};
 use super::{app_state, monitor, MonitorHandle};
 use crate::application::ApplicationHandler;
-use crate::error::{EventLoopError, ExternalError, NotSupportedError, OsError};
-use crate::event::Event;
+use crate::error::{EventLoopError, NotSupportedError, RequestError};
 use crate::event_loop::{
     ActiveEventLoop as RootActiveEventLoop, ControlFlow, DeviceEvents,
-    EventLoopProxy as RootEventLoopProxy, OwnedDisplayHandle as RootOwnedDisplayHandle,
+    EventLoopProxy as CoreEventLoopProxy, EventLoopProxyProvider,
+    OwnedDisplayHandle as CoreOwnedDisplayHandle,
 };
 use crate::monitor::MonitorHandle as RootMonitorHandle;
 use crate::platform_impl::Window;
-use crate::window::{CustomCursor, CustomCursorSource, Theme, Window as RootWindow};
+use crate::window::{CustomCursor, CustomCursorSource, Theme, Window as CoreWindow};
 
 #[derive(Debug)]
 pub(crate) struct ActiveEventLoop {
@@ -36,24 +42,22 @@ pub(crate) struct ActiveEventLoop {
 }
 
 impl RootActiveEventLoop for ActiveEventLoop {
-    fn create_proxy(&self) -> crate::event_loop::EventLoopProxy {
-        let event_loop_proxy = EventLoopProxy::new(AppState::get_mut(self.mtm).proxy_wake_up());
-        RootEventLoopProxy { event_loop_proxy }
+    fn create_proxy(&self) -> CoreEventLoopProxy {
+        CoreEventLoopProxy::new(AppState::get_mut(self.mtm).event_loop_proxy().clone())
     }
 
     fn create_window(
         &self,
         window_attributes: crate::window::WindowAttributes,
-    ) -> Result<RootWindow, OsError> {
-        let window = Window::new(self, window_attributes)?;
-        Ok(RootWindow { window })
+    ) -> Result<Box<dyn CoreWindow>, RequestError> {
+        Ok(Box::new(Window::new(self, window_attributes)?))
     }
 
     fn create_custom_cursor(
         &self,
         _source: CustomCursorSource,
-    ) -> Result<CustomCursor, ExternalError> {
-        Err(ExternalError::NotSupported(NotSupportedError::new()))
+    ) -> Result<CustomCursor, RequestError> {
+        Err(NotSupportedError::new("create_custom_cursor is not supported").into())
     }
 
     fn available_monitors(&self) -> Box<dyn Iterator<Item = RootMonitorHandle>> {
@@ -90,21 +94,15 @@ impl RootActiveEventLoop for ActiveEventLoop {
         false
     }
 
-    fn owned_display_handle(&self) -> RootOwnedDisplayHandle {
-        RootOwnedDisplayHandle { platform: OwnedDisplayHandle }
+    fn owned_display_handle(&self) -> CoreOwnedDisplayHandle {
+        CoreOwnedDisplayHandle::new(Arc::new(OwnedDisplayHandle))
     }
 
-    fn as_any(&self) -> &dyn Any {
-        self
-    }
-
-    #[cfg(feature = "rwh_06")]
     fn rwh_06_handle(&self) -> &dyn rwh_06::HasDisplayHandle {
         self
     }
 }
 
-#[cfg(feature = "rwh_06")]
 impl rwh_06::HasDisplayHandle for ActiveEventLoop {
     fn display_handle(&self) -> Result<rwh_06::DisplayHandle<'_>, rwh_06::HandleError> {
         let raw = rwh_06::RawDisplayHandle::UiKit(rwh_06::UiKitDisplayHandle::new());
@@ -115,45 +113,28 @@ impl rwh_06::HasDisplayHandle for ActiveEventLoop {
 #[derive(Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
 pub(crate) struct OwnedDisplayHandle;
 
-impl OwnedDisplayHandle {
-    #[cfg(feature = "rwh_06")]
-    #[inline]
-    pub fn raw_display_handle_rwh_06(
-        &self,
-    ) -> Result<rwh_06::RawDisplayHandle, rwh_06::HandleError> {
-        Ok(rwh_06::UiKitDisplayHandle::new().into())
-    }
-}
-
-fn map_user_event<'a, A: ApplicationHandler + 'a>(
-    mut app: A,
-    proxy_wake_up: Arc<AtomicBool>,
-) -> impl FnMut(Event, &dyn RootActiveEventLoop) + 'a {
-    move |event, window_target| match event {
-        Event::NewEvents(cause) => app.new_events(window_target, cause),
-        Event::WindowEvent { window_id, event } => {
-            app.window_event(window_target, window_id, event)
-        },
-        Event::DeviceEvent { device_id, event } => {
-            app.device_event(window_target, device_id, event)
-        },
-        Event::UserWakeUp => {
-            if proxy_wake_up.swap(false, AtomicOrdering::Relaxed) {
-                app.proxy_wake_up(window_target);
-            }
-        },
-        Event::Suspended => app.suspended(window_target),
-        Event::Resumed => app.resumed(window_target),
-        Event::CreateSurfaces => app.can_create_surfaces(window_target),
-        Event::AboutToWait => app.about_to_wait(window_target),
-        Event::LoopExiting => app.exiting(window_target),
-        Event::MemoryWarning => app.memory_warning(window_target),
+impl HasDisplayHandle for OwnedDisplayHandle {
+    fn display_handle(&self) -> Result<rwh_06::DisplayHandle<'_>, rwh_06::HandleError> {
+        let raw = rwh_06::RawDisplayHandle::UiKit(rwh_06::UiKitDisplayHandle::new());
+        unsafe { Ok(rwh_06::DisplayHandle::borrow_raw(raw)) }
     }
 }
 
 pub struct EventLoop {
     mtm: MainThreadMarker,
     window_target: ActiveEventLoop,
+
+    // Since iOS 9.0, we no longer need to remove the observers before they are deallocated; the
+    // system instead cleans it up next time it would have posted a notification to it.
+    //
+    // Though we do still need to keep the observers around to prevent them from being deallocated.
+    _did_finish_launching_observer: Retained<NSObject>,
+    _did_become_active_observer: Retained<NSObject>,
+    _will_resign_active_observer: Retained<NSObject>,
+    _will_enter_foreground_observer: Retained<NSObject>,
+    _did_enter_background_observer: Retained<NSObject>,
+    _will_terminate_observer: Retained<NSObject>,
+    _did_receive_memory_warning_observer: Retained<NSObject>,
 }
 
 #[derive(Default, Debug, Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
@@ -178,10 +159,90 @@ impl EventLoop {
         // this line sets up the main run loop before `UIApplicationMain`
         setup_control_flow_observers();
 
-        Ok(EventLoop { mtm, window_target: ActiveEventLoop { mtm } })
+        let center = unsafe { NSNotificationCenter::defaultCenter() };
+
+        let _did_finish_launching_observer = create_observer(
+            &center,
+            // `application:didFinishLaunchingWithOptions:`
+            unsafe { UIApplicationDidFinishLaunchingNotification },
+            move |_| {
+                app_state::did_finish_launching(mtm);
+            },
+        );
+        let _did_become_active_observer = create_observer(
+            &center,
+            // `applicationDidBecomeActive:`
+            unsafe { UIApplicationDidBecomeActiveNotification },
+            move |_| app_state::handle_resumed(mtm),
+        );
+        let _will_resign_active_observer = create_observer(
+            &center,
+            // `applicationWillResignActive:`
+            unsafe { UIApplicationWillResignActiveNotification },
+            move |_| app_state::handle_suspended(mtm),
+        );
+        let _will_enter_foreground_observer = create_observer(
+            &center,
+            // `applicationWillEnterForeground:`
+            unsafe { UIApplicationWillEnterForegroundNotification },
+            move |notification| {
+                let app = unsafe { notification.object() }.expect(
+                    "UIApplicationWillEnterForegroundNotification to have application object",
+                );
+                // SAFETY: The `object` in `UIApplicationWillEnterForegroundNotification` is
+                // documented to be `UIApplication`.
+                let app: Retained<UIApplication> = unsafe { Retained::cast(app) };
+                send_occluded_event_for_all_windows(&app, false);
+            },
+        );
+        let _did_enter_background_observer = create_observer(
+            &center,
+            // `applicationDidEnterBackground:`
+            unsafe { UIApplicationDidEnterBackgroundNotification },
+            move |notification| {
+                let app = unsafe { notification.object() }.expect(
+                    "UIApplicationDidEnterBackgroundNotification to have application object",
+                );
+                // SAFETY: The `object` in `UIApplicationDidEnterBackgroundNotification` is
+                // documented to be `UIApplication`.
+                let app: Retained<UIApplication> = unsafe { Retained::cast(app) };
+                send_occluded_event_for_all_windows(&app, true);
+            },
+        );
+        let _will_terminate_observer = create_observer(
+            &center,
+            // `applicationWillTerminate:`
+            unsafe { UIApplicationWillTerminateNotification },
+            move |notification| {
+                let app = unsafe { notification.object() }
+                    .expect("UIApplicationWillTerminateNotification to have application object");
+                // SAFETY: The `object` in `UIApplicationWillTerminateNotification` is
+                // (somewhat) documented to be `UIApplication`.
+                let app: Retained<UIApplication> = unsafe { Retained::cast(app) };
+                app_state::terminated(&app);
+            },
+        );
+        let _did_receive_memory_warning_observer = create_observer(
+            &center,
+            // `applicationDidReceiveMemoryWarning:`
+            unsafe { UIApplicationDidReceiveMemoryWarningNotification },
+            move |_| app_state::handle_memory_warning(mtm),
+        );
+
+        Ok(EventLoop {
+            mtm,
+            window_target: ActiveEventLoop { mtm },
+            _did_finish_launching_observer,
+            _did_become_active_observer,
+            _will_resign_active_observer,
+            _will_enter_foreground_observer,
+            _did_enter_background_observer,
+            _will_terminate_observer,
+            _did_receive_memory_warning_observer,
+        })
     }
 
-    pub fn run_app<A: ApplicationHandler>(self, app: A) -> ! {
+    pub fn run_app<A: ApplicationHandler>(self, mut app: A) -> ! {
         let application: Option<Retained<UIApplication>> =
             unsafe { msg_send_id![UIApplication::class(), sharedApplication] };
         assert!(
@@ -191,36 +252,23 @@ impl EventLoop {
              `EventLoop::run_app` calls `UIApplicationMain` on iOS",
         );
 
-        let handler = map_user_event(app, AppState::get_mut(self.mtm).proxy_wake_up());
-
-        let handler = unsafe {
-            std::mem::transmute::<
-                Box<dyn FnMut(Event, &dyn RootActiveEventLoop)>,
-                Box<dyn FnMut(Event, &dyn RootActiveEventLoop)>,
-            >(Box::new(handler))
-        };
-
-        let handler = EventLoopHandler { handler, event_loop: self.window_target };
-
-        app_state::will_launch(self.mtm, handler);
-
-        // Ensure application delegate is initialized
-        let _ = AppDelegate::class();
-
         extern "C" {
             // These functions are in crt_externs.h.
             fn _NSGetArgc() -> *mut c_int;
             fn _NSGetArgv() -> *mut *mut *mut c_char;
         }
 
-        unsafe {
+        app_state::launch(self.mtm, &mut app, || unsafe {
             UIApplicationMain(
                 *_NSGetArgc(),
                 NonNull::new(*_NSGetArgv()).unwrap(),
+                // We intentionally override neither the application nor the delegate, to allow
+                // the user to do so themselves!
                 None,
-                Some(&NSString::from_str(AppDelegate::NAME)),
-            )
-        };
+                None,
+            );
+        });
+
         unreachable!()
     }
 
@@ -230,19 +278,13 @@ impl EventLoop {
 }
 
 pub struct EventLoopProxy {
-    proxy_wake_up: Arc<AtomicBool>,
+    pub(crate) wake_up: AtomicBool,
     source: CFRunLoopSourceRef,
 }
 
 unsafe impl Send for EventLoopProxy {}
 unsafe impl Sync for EventLoopProxy {}
 
-impl Clone for EventLoopProxy {
-    fn clone(&self) -> EventLoopProxy {
-        EventLoopProxy::new(self.proxy_wake_up.clone())
-    }
-}
-
 impl Drop for EventLoopProxy {
     fn drop(&mut self) {
         unsafe {
@@ -253,7 +295,7 @@ impl Drop for EventLoopProxy {
 }
 
 impl EventLoopProxy {
-    fn new(proxy_wake_up: Arc<AtomicBool>) -> EventLoopProxy {
+    pub(crate) fn new() -> EventLoopProxy {
         unsafe {
             // just wake up the eventloop
             extern "C" fn event_loop_proxy_handler(_: *const c_void) {}
@@ -277,12 +319,14 @@ impl EventLoopProxy {
             CFRunLoopAddSource(rl, source, kCFRunLoopCommonModes);
             CFRunLoopWakeUp(rl);
 
-            EventLoopProxy { proxy_wake_up, source }
+            EventLoopProxy { wake_up: AtomicBool::new(false), source }
         }
     }
+}
 
-    pub fn wake_up(&self) {
-        self.proxy_wake_up.store(true, AtomicOrdering::Relaxed);
+impl EventLoopProxyProvider for EventLoopProxy {
+    fn wake_up(&self) {
+        self.wake_up.store(true, AtomicOrdering::Relaxed);
         unsafe {
             // let the main thread know there's a new event
             CFRunLoopSourceSignal(self.source);

src/platform_impl/apple/uikit/mod.rs

@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 #![allow(clippy::let_unit_value)]
 
-mod app_delegate;
 mod app_state;
 mod event_loop;
 mod monitor;
@@ -11,42 +10,16 @@ mod window;
 use std::fmt;
 
 pub(crate) use self::event_loop::{
-    ActiveEventLoop, EventLoop, EventLoopProxy, OwnedDisplayHandle,
-    PlatformSpecificEventLoopAttributes,
+    ActiveEventLoop, EventLoop, EventLoopProxy, PlatformSpecificEventLoopAttributes,
 };
 pub(crate) use self::monitor::{MonitorHandle, VideoModeHandle};
-pub(crate) use self::window::{PlatformSpecificWindowAttributes, Window, WindowId};
+pub(crate) use self::window::{PlatformSpecificWindowAttributes, Window};
 pub(crate) use crate::cursor::{
     NoCustomCursor as PlatformCustomCursor, NoCustomCursor as PlatformCustomCursorSource,
 };
-use crate::event::DeviceId as RootDeviceId;
 pub(crate) use crate::icon::NoIcon as PlatformIcon;
 pub(crate) use crate::platform_impl::Fullscreen;
 
-/// There is no way to detect which device that performed a certain event in
-/// UIKit (i.e. you can't differentiate between different external keyboards,
-/// or whether it was the main touchscreen, assistive technologies, or some
-/// other pointer device that caused a touch event).
-#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord, Hash)]
-pub struct DeviceId;
-
-impl DeviceId {
-    pub const fn dummy() -> Self {
-        DeviceId
-    }
-}
-
-pub(crate) const DEVICE_ID: RootDeviceId = RootDeviceId(DeviceId);
-
-#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord, Hash)]
-pub struct FingerId(usize);
-
-impl FingerId {
-    pub const fn dummy() -> Self {
-        FingerId(0)
-    }
-}
-
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
 pub struct KeyEventExtra {}
 

src/platform_impl/apple/uikit/monitor.rs

@@ -101,13 +101,20 @@ impl Clone for MonitorHandle {
 
 impl hash::Hash for MonitorHandle {
     fn hash<H: hash::Hasher>(&self, state: &mut H) {
-        (self as *const Self).hash(state);
+        // SAFETY: Only getting the pointer.
+        let mtm = unsafe { MainThreadMarker::new_unchecked() };
+        Retained::as_ptr(self.ui_screen.get(mtm)).hash(state);
     }
 }
 
 impl PartialEq for MonitorHandle {
     fn eq(&self, other: &Self) -> bool {
-        ptr::eq(self, other)
+        // SAFETY: Only getting the pointer.
+        let mtm = unsafe { MainThreadMarker::new_unchecked() };
+        ptr::eq(
+            Retained::as_ptr(self.ui_screen.get(mtm)),
+            Retained::as_ptr(other.ui_screen.get(mtm)),
+        )
     }
 }
 
@@ -121,8 +128,10 @@ impl PartialOrd for MonitorHandle {
 
 impl Ord for MonitorHandle {
     fn cmp(&self, other: &Self) -> std::cmp::Ordering {
+        // SAFETY: Only getting the pointer.
         // TODO: Make a better ordering
-        (self as *const Self).cmp(&(other as *const Self))
+        let mtm = unsafe { MainThreadMarker::new_unchecked() };
+        Retained::as_ptr(self.ui_screen.get(mtm)).cmp(&Retained::as_ptr(other.ui_screen.get(mtm)))
     }
 }
 
@@ -240,3 +249,27 @@ pub fn uiscreens(mtm: MainThreadMarker) -> VecDeque<MonitorHandle> {
     #[allow(deprecated)]
     UIScreen::screens(mtm).into_iter().map(MonitorHandle::new).collect()
 }
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use objc2_foundation::NSSet;
+
+    use super::*;
+
+    // Test that UIScreen pointer comparisons are correct.
+    #[test]
+    #[allow(deprecated)]
+    fn screen_comparisons() {
+        // Test code, doesn't matter that it's not thread safe
+        let mtm = unsafe { MainThreadMarker::new_unchecked() };
+
+        assert!(ptr::eq(&*UIScreen::mainScreen(mtm), &*UIScreen::mainScreen(mtm)));
+
+        let main = UIScreen::mainScreen(mtm);
+        assert!(UIScreen::screens(mtm).iter().any(|screen| ptr::eq(screen, &*main)));
+
+        assert!(unsafe {
+            NSSet::setWithArray(&UIScreen::screens(mtm)).containsObject(&UIScreen::mainScreen(mtm))
+        });
+    }
+}

src/platform_impl/apple/uikit/view.rs

@@ -4,20 +4,25 @@ use std::cell::{Cell, RefCell};
 use objc2::rc::Retained;
 use objc2::runtime::{NSObjectProtocol, ProtocolObject};
 use objc2::{declare_class, msg_send, msg_send_id, mutability, sel, ClassType, DeclaredClass};
-use objc2_foundation::{CGFloat, CGPoint, CGRect, MainThreadMarker, NSObject, NSSet};
+use objc2_foundation::{CGFloat, CGPoint, CGRect, MainThreadMarker, NSObject, NSSet, NSString};
 use objc2_ui_kit::{
-    UICoordinateSpace, UIEvent, UIForceTouchCapability, UIGestureRecognizer,
-    UIGestureRecognizerDelegate, UIGestureRecognizerState, UIPanGestureRecognizer,
-    UIPinchGestureRecognizer, UIResponder, UIRotationGestureRecognizer, UITapGestureRecognizer,
-    UITouch, UITouchPhase, UITouchType, UITraitEnvironment, UIView,
+    UIEvent, UIForceTouchCapability, UIGestureRecognizer, UIGestureRecognizerDelegate,
+    UIGestureRecognizerState, UIKeyInput, UIPanGestureRecognizer, UIPinchGestureRecognizer,
+    UIResponder, UIRotationGestureRecognizer, UITapGestureRecognizer, UITextInputTraits, UITouch,
+    UITouchPhase, UITouchType, UITraitEnvironment, UIView,
 };
+use tracing::debug;
 
 use super::app_state::{self, EventWrapper};
 use super::window::WinitUIWindow;
-use super::{FingerId, DEVICE_ID};
 use crate::dpi::PhysicalPosition;
-use crate::event::{Event, FingerId as RootFingerId, Force, Touch, TouchPhase, WindowEvent};
-use crate::window::{WindowAttributes, WindowId as RootWindowId};
+use crate::event::{
+    ButtonSource, ElementState, FingerId, Force, KeyEvent, PointerKind, PointerSource, TouchPhase,
+    WindowEvent,
+};
+use crate::keyboard::{Key, KeyCode, KeyLocation, NamedKey, NativeKeyCode, PhysicalKey};
+use crate::platform_impl::KeyEventExtra;
+use crate::window::WindowAttributes;
 
 pub struct WinitViewState {
     pinch_gesture_recognizer: RefCell<Option<Retained<UIPinchGestureRecognizer>>>,
@@ -29,6 +34,9 @@ pub struct WinitViewState {
     rotation_last_delta: Cell<CGFloat>,
     pinch_last_delta: Cell<CGFloat>,
     pan_last_delta: Cell<CGPoint>,
+
+    primary_finger: Cell<Option<FingerId>>,
+    fingers: Cell<u8>,
 }
 
 declare_class!(
@@ -52,10 +60,10 @@ declare_class!(
             let window = self.window().unwrap();
             app_state::handle_nonuser_event(
                 mtm,
-                EventWrapper::StaticEvent(Event::WindowEvent {
-                    window_id: RootWindowId(window.id()),
+                EventWrapper::Window {
+                    window_id: window.id(),
                     event: WindowEvent::RedrawRequested,
-                }),
+                },
             );
             let _: () = unsafe { msg_send![super(self), drawRect: rect] };
         }
@@ -65,32 +73,21 @@ declare_class!(
             let mtm = MainThreadMarker::new().unwrap();
             let _: () = unsafe { msg_send![super(self), layoutSubviews] };
 
-            let window = self.window().unwrap();
-            let window_bounds = window.bounds();
-            let screen = window.screen();
-            let screen_space = screen.coordinateSpace();
-            let screen_frame = self.convertRect_toCoordinateSpace(window_bounds, &screen_space);
-            let scale_factor = screen.scale();
+            let frame = self.frame();
+            let scale_factor = self.contentScaleFactor() as f64;
             let size = crate::dpi::LogicalSize {
-                width: screen_frame.size.width as f64,
-                height: screen_frame.size.height as f64,
-            }
-            .to_physical(scale_factor as f64);
-
-            // If the app is started in landscape, the view frame and window bounds can be mismatched.
-            // The view frame will be in portrait and the window bounds in landscape. So apply the
-            // window bounds to the view frame to make it consistent.
-            let view_frame = self.frame();
-            if view_frame != window_bounds {
-                self.setFrame(window_bounds);
+                width: frame.size.width as f64,
+                height: frame.size.height as f64,
             }
+            .to_physical(scale_factor);
 
+            let window = self.window().unwrap();
             app_state::handle_nonuser_event(
                 mtm,
-                EventWrapper::StaticEvent(Event::WindowEvent {
-                    window_id: RootWindowId(window.id()),
-                    event: WindowEvent::Resized(size),
-                }),
+                EventWrapper::Window {
+                    window_id: window.id(),
+                    event: WindowEvent::SurfaceResized(size),
+                },
             );
         }
 
@@ -119,15 +116,12 @@ declare_class!(
                 "invalid scale_factor set on UIView",
             );
             let scale_factor = scale_factor as f64;
-            let bounds = self.bounds();
-            let screen = window.screen();
-            let screen_space = screen.coordinateSpace();
-            let screen_frame = self.convertRect_toCoordinateSpace(bounds, &screen_space);
+            let frame = self.frame();
             let size = crate::dpi::LogicalSize {
-                width: screen_frame.size.width as f64,
-                height: screen_frame.size.height as f64,
+                width: frame.size.width as f64,
+                height: frame.size.height as f64,
             };
-            let window_id = RootWindowId(window.id());
+            let window_id = window.id();
             app_state::handle_nonuser_events(
                 mtm,
                 std::iter::once(EventWrapper::ScaleFactorChanged(
@@ -137,15 +131,21 @@ declare_class!(
                         suggested_size: size.to_physical(scale_factor),
                     },
                 ))
-                .chain(std::iter::once(EventWrapper::StaticEvent(
-                    Event::WindowEvent {
+                .chain(std::iter::once(EventWrapper::Window {
                         window_id,
-                        event: WindowEvent::Resized(size.to_physical(scale_factor)),
+                        event: WindowEvent::SurfaceResized(size.to_physical(scale_factor)),
                     },
-                ))),
+                )),
             );
         }
 
+        #[method(safeAreaInsetsDidChange)]
+        fn safe_area_changed(&self) {
+            debug!("safeAreaInsetsDidChange was called, requesting redraw");
+            // When the safe area changes we want to make sure to emit a redraw event
+            self.setNeedsDisplay();
+        }
+
         #[method(touchesBegan:withEvent:)]
         fn touches_began(&self, touches: &NSSet<UITouch>, _event: Option<&UIEvent>) {
             self.handle_touches(touches)
@@ -188,17 +188,17 @@ declare_class!(
                     // Pass -delta so that action is reversed
                     (TouchPhase::Cancelled, -recognizer.scale())
                 }
-                state => panic!("unexpected recognizer state: {:?}", state),
+                state => panic!("unexpected recognizer state: {state:?}"),
             };
 
-            let gesture_event = EventWrapper::StaticEvent(Event::WindowEvent {
-                window_id: RootWindowId(window.id()),
+            let gesture_event = EventWrapper::Window {
+                window_id: window.id(),
                 event: WindowEvent::PinchGesture {
-                    device_id: DEVICE_ID,
+                    device_id: None,
                     delta: delta as f64,
                     phase,
                 },
-            });
+            };
 
             let mtm = MainThreadMarker::new().unwrap();
             app_state::handle_nonuser_event(mtm, gesture_event);
@@ -209,12 +209,12 @@ declare_class!(
             let window = self.window().unwrap();
 
             if recognizer.state() == UIGestureRecognizerState::Ended {
-                let gesture_event = EventWrapper::StaticEvent(Event::WindowEvent {
-                    window_id: RootWindowId(window.id()),
+                let gesture_event = EventWrapper::Window {
+                    window_id: window.id(),
                     event: WindowEvent::DoubleTapGesture {
-                        device_id: DEVICE_ID,
+                        device_id: None,
                     },
-                });
+                };
 
                 let mtm = MainThreadMarker::new().unwrap();
                 app_state::handle_nonuser_event(mtm, gesture_event);
@@ -247,18 +247,18 @@ declare_class!(
                     // Pass -delta so that action is reversed
                     (TouchPhase::Cancelled, -recognizer.rotation())
                 }
-                state => panic!("unexpected recognizer state: {:?}", state),
+                state => panic!("unexpected recognizer state: {state:?}"),
             };
 
             // Make delta negative to match macos, convert to degrees
-            let gesture_event = EventWrapper::StaticEvent(Event::WindowEvent {
-                window_id: RootWindowId(window.id()),
+            let gesture_event = EventWrapper::Window {
+                window_id: window.id(),
                 event: WindowEvent::RotationGesture {
-                    device_id: DEVICE_ID,
+                    device_id: None,
                     delta: -delta.to_degrees() as _,
                     phase,
                 },
-            });
+            };
 
             let mtm = MainThreadMarker::new().unwrap();
             app_state::handle_nonuser_event(mtm, gesture_event);
@@ -298,22 +298,27 @@ declare_class!(
                     // Pass -delta so that action is reversed
                     (TouchPhase::Cancelled, -last_pan.x, -last_pan.y)
                 }
-                state => panic!("unexpected recognizer state: {:?}", state),
+                state => panic!("unexpected recognizer state: {state:?}"),
             };
 
 
-            let gesture_event = EventWrapper::StaticEvent(Event::WindowEvent {
-                window_id: RootWindowId(window.id()),
+            let gesture_event = EventWrapper::Window {
+                window_id: window.id(),
                 event: WindowEvent::PanGesture {
-                    device_id: DEVICE_ID,
+                    device_id: None,
                     delta: PhysicalPosition::new(dx as _, dy as _),
                     phase,
                 },
-            });
+            };
 
             let mtm = MainThreadMarker::new().unwrap();
             app_state::handle_nonuser_event(mtm, gesture_event);
         }
+
+        #[method(canBecomeFirstResponder)]
+        fn can_become_first_responder(&self) -> bool {
+            true
+        }
     }
 
     unsafe impl NSObjectProtocol for WinitView {}
@@ -324,6 +329,26 @@ declare_class!(
             true
         }
     }
+
+    unsafe impl UITextInputTraits for WinitView {
+    }
+
+    unsafe impl UIKeyInput for WinitView {
+        #[method(hasText)]
+        fn has_text(&self) -> bool {
+            true
+        }
+
+        #[method(insertText:)]
+        fn insert_text(&self, text: &NSString) {
+            self.handle_insert_text(text)
+        }
+
+        #[method(deleteBackward)]
+        fn delete_backward(&self) {
+            self.handle_delete_backward()
+        }
+    }
 );
 
 impl WinitView {
@@ -341,6 +366,9 @@ impl WinitView {
             rotation_last_delta: Cell::new(0.0),
             pinch_last_delta: Cell::new(0.0),
             pan_last_delta: Cell::new(CGPoint { x: 0.0, y: 0.0 }),
+
+            primary_finger: Cell::new(None),
+            fingers: Cell::new(0),
         });
         let this: Retained<Self> = unsafe { msg_send_id![super(this), initWithFrame: frame] };
 
@@ -454,25 +482,18 @@ impl WinitView {
         for touch in touches {
             let logical_location = touch.locationInView(None);
             let touch_type = touch.r#type();
-            let force = if os_supports_force {
+            let force = if let UITouchType::Pencil = touch_type {
+                None
+            } else if os_supports_force {
                 let trait_collection = self.traitCollection();
                 let touch_capability = trait_collection.forceTouchCapability();
                 // Both the OS _and_ the device need to be checked for force touch support.
-                if touch_capability == UIForceTouchCapability::Available
-                    || touch_type == UITouchType::Pencil
-                {
+                if touch_capability == UIForceTouchCapability::Available {
                     let force = touch.force();
                     let max_possible_force = touch.maximumPossibleForce();
-                    let altitude_angle: Option<f64> = if touch_type == UITouchType::Pencil {
-                        let angle = touch.altitudeAngle();
-                        Some(angle as _)
-                    } else {
-                        None
-                    };
                     Some(Force::Calibrated {
                         force: force as _,
                         max_possible_force: max_possible_force as _,
-                        altitude_angle,
                     })
                 } else {
                     None
@@ -482,34 +503,195 @@ impl WinitView {
             };
             let touch_id = touch as *const UITouch as usize;
             let phase = touch.phase();
-            let phase = match phase {
-                UITouchPhase::Began => TouchPhase::Started,
-                UITouchPhase::Moved => TouchPhase::Moved,
-                // 2 is UITouchPhase::Stationary and is not expected here
-                UITouchPhase::Ended => TouchPhase::Ended,
-                UITouchPhase::Cancelled => TouchPhase::Cancelled,
-                _ => panic!("unexpected touch phase: {phase:?}"),
-            };
-
-            let physical_location = {
+            let position = {
                 let scale_factor = self.contentScaleFactor();
                 PhysicalPosition::from_logical::<(f64, f64), f64>(
                     (logical_location.x as _, logical_location.y as _),
                     scale_factor as f64,
                 )
             };
-            touch_events.push(EventWrapper::StaticEvent(Event::WindowEvent {
-                window_id: RootWindowId(window.id()),
-                event: WindowEvent::Touch(Touch {
-                    device_id: DEVICE_ID,
-                    finger_id: RootFingerId(FingerId(touch_id)),
-                    location: physical_location,
-                    force,
-                    phase,
-                }),
-            }));
+            let window_id = window.id();
+            let finger_id = FingerId::from_raw(touch_id);
+
+            let ivars = self.ivars();
+
+            match phase {
+                UITouchPhase::Began => {
+                    let primary = if let UITouchType::Pencil = touch_type {
+                        true
+                    } else {
+                        ivars.fingers.set(ivars.fingers.get() + 1);
+                        // Keep the primary finger around until we clear all the fingers to
+                        // recognize it when user briefly removes it.
+                        match ivars.primary_finger.get() {
+                            Some(primary_id) => primary_id == finger_id,
+                            None => {
+                                debug_assert_eq!(
+                                    ivars.fingers.get(),
+                                    1,
+                                    "number of fingers were not counted correctly"
+                                );
+                                ivars.primary_finger.set(Some(finger_id));
+                                true
+                            },
+                        }
+                    };
+
+                    touch_events.push(EventWrapper::Window {
+                        window_id,
+                        event: WindowEvent::PointerEntered {
+                            device_id: None,
+                            primary,
+                            position,
+                            kind: if let UITouchType::Pencil = touch_type {
+                                PointerKind::Unknown
+                            } else {
+                                PointerKind::Touch(finger_id)
+                            },
+                        },
+                    });
+                    touch_events.push(EventWrapper::Window {
+                        window_id,
+                        event: WindowEvent::PointerButton {
+                            device_id: None,
+                            primary,
+                            state: ElementState::Pressed,
+                            position,
+                            button: if let UITouchType::Pencil = touch_type {
+                                ButtonSource::Unknown(0)
+                            } else {
+                                ButtonSource::Touch { finger_id, force }
+                            },
+                        },
+                    });
+                },
+                UITouchPhase::Moved => {
+                    let (primary, source) = if let UITouchType::Pencil = touch_type {
+                        (true, PointerSource::Unknown)
+                    } else {
+                        (ivars.primary_finger.get().unwrap() == finger_id, PointerSource::Touch {
+                            finger_id,
+                            force,
+                        })
+                    };
+
+                    touch_events.push(EventWrapper::Window {
+                        window_id,
+                        event: WindowEvent::PointerMoved {
+                            device_id: None,
+                            primary,
+                            position,
+                            source,
+                        },
+                    });
+                },
+                // 2 is UITouchPhase::Stationary and is not expected here
+                UITouchPhase::Ended | UITouchPhase::Cancelled => {
+                    let primary = if let UITouchType::Pencil = touch_type {
+                        true
+                    } else {
+                        ivars.fingers.set(ivars.fingers.get() - 1);
+                        let primary = ivars.primary_finger.get().unwrap() == finger_id;
+                        if ivars.fingers.get() == 0 {
+                            ivars.primary_finger.set(None);
+                        }
+                        primary
+                    };
+
+                    if let UITouchPhase::Ended = phase {
+                        touch_events.push(EventWrapper::Window {
+                            window_id,
+                            event: WindowEvent::PointerButton {
+                                device_id: None,
+                                primary,
+                                state: ElementState::Released,
+                                position,
+                                button: if let UITouchType::Pencil = touch_type {
+                                    ButtonSource::Unknown(0)
+                                } else {
+                                    ButtonSource::Touch { finger_id, force }
+                                },
+                            },
+                        });
+                    }
+
+                    touch_events.push(EventWrapper::Window {
+                        window_id,
+                        event: WindowEvent::PointerLeft {
+                            device_id: None,
+                            primary,
+                            position: Some(position),
+                            kind: if let UITouchType::Pencil = touch_type {
+                                PointerKind::Unknown
+                            } else {
+                                PointerKind::Touch(finger_id)
+                            },
+                        },
+                    });
+                },
+                _ => panic!("unexpected touch phase: {phase:?}"),
+            }
         }
         let mtm = MainThreadMarker::new().unwrap();
         app_state::handle_nonuser_events(mtm, touch_events);
     }
+
+    fn handle_insert_text(&self, text: &NSString) {
+        let window = self.window().unwrap();
+        let window_id = window.id();
+        let mtm = MainThreadMarker::new().unwrap();
+        // send individual events for each character
+        app_state::handle_nonuser_events(
+            mtm,
+            text.to_string().chars().flat_map(|c| {
+                let text = smol_str::SmolStr::from_iter([c]);
+                // Emit both press and release events
+                [ElementState::Pressed, ElementState::Released].map(|state| EventWrapper::Window {
+                    window_id,
+                    event: WindowEvent::KeyboardInput {
+                        device_id: None,
+                        event: KeyEvent {
+                            text: if state == ElementState::Pressed {
+                                Some(text.clone())
+                            } else {
+                                None
+                            },
+                            state,
+                            location: KeyLocation::Standard,
+                            repeat: false,
+                            logical_key: Key::Character(text.clone()),
+                            physical_key: PhysicalKey::Unidentified(NativeKeyCode::Unidentified),
+                            platform_specific: KeyEventExtra {},
+                        },
+                        is_synthetic: false,
+                    },
+                })
+            }),
+        );
+    }
+
+    fn handle_delete_backward(&self) {
+        let window = self.window().unwrap();
+        let window_id = window.id();
+        let mtm = MainThreadMarker::new().unwrap();
+        app_state::handle_nonuser_events(
+            mtm,
+            [ElementState::Pressed, ElementState::Released].map(|state| EventWrapper::Window {
+                window_id,
+                event: WindowEvent::KeyboardInput {
+                    device_id: None,
+                    event: KeyEvent {
+                        state,
+                        logical_key: Key::Named(NamedKey::Backspace),
+                        physical_key: PhysicalKey::Code(KeyCode::Backspace),
+                        platform_specific: KeyEventExtra {},
+                        repeat: false,
+                        location: KeyLocation::Standard,
+                        text: None,
+                    },
+                    is_synthetic: false,
+                },
+            }),
+        );
+    }
 }

src/platform_impl/apple/uikit/window.rs

@@ -3,14 +3,13 @@
 use std::collections::VecDeque;
 
 use objc2::rc::Retained;
-use objc2::runtime::{AnyObject, NSObject};
 use objc2::{class, declare_class, msg_send, msg_send_id, mutability, ClassType, DeclaredClass};
 use objc2_foundation::{
-    CGFloat, CGPoint, CGRect, CGSize, MainThreadBound, MainThreadMarker, NSObjectProtocol,
+    CGFloat, CGPoint, CGRect, CGSize, MainThreadBound, MainThreadMarker, NSObject, NSObjectProtocol,
 };
 use objc2_ui_kit::{
-    UIApplication, UICoordinateSpace, UIResponder, UIScreen, UIScreenOverscanCompensation,
-    UIViewController, UIWindow,
+    UIApplication, UICoordinateSpace, UIEdgeInsets, UIResponder, UIScreen,
+    UIScreenOverscanCompensation, UIViewController, UIWindow,
 };
 use tracing::{debug, warn};
 
@@ -19,14 +18,18 @@ use super::view::WinitView;
 use super::view_controller::WinitViewController;
 use super::{app_state, monitor, ActiveEventLoop, Fullscreen, MonitorHandle};
 use crate::cursor::Cursor;
-use crate::dpi::{LogicalPosition, LogicalSize, PhysicalPosition, PhysicalSize, Position, Size};
-use crate::error::{ExternalError, NotSupportedError, OsError as RootOsError};
-use crate::event::{Event, WindowEvent};
+use crate::dpi::{
+    LogicalInsets, LogicalPosition, LogicalSize, PhysicalInsets, PhysicalPosition, PhysicalSize,
+    Position, Size,
+};
+use crate::error::{NotSupportedError, RequestError};
+use crate::event::WindowEvent;
 use crate::icon::Icon;
+use crate::monitor::MonitorHandle as CoreMonitorHandle;
 use crate::platform::ios::{ScreenEdge, StatusBarStyle, ValidOrientations};
 use crate::window::{
-    CursorGrabMode, ImePurpose, ResizeDirection, Theme, UserAttentionType, WindowAttributes,
-    WindowButtons, WindowId as RootWindowId, WindowLevel,
+    CursorGrabMode, ImePurpose, ResizeDirection, Theme, UserAttentionType, Window as CoreWindow,
+    WindowAttributes, WindowButtons, WindowId, WindowLevel,
 };
 
 declare_class!(
@@ -48,10 +51,10 @@ declare_class!(
             let mtm = MainThreadMarker::new().unwrap();
             app_state::handle_nonuser_event(
                 mtm,
-                EventWrapper::StaticEvent(Event::WindowEvent {
-                    window_id: RootWindowId(self.id()),
+                EventWrapper::Window {
+                    window_id: self.id(),
                     event: WindowEvent::Focused(true),
-                }),
+                },
             );
             let _: () = unsafe { msg_send![super(self), becomeKeyWindow] };
         }
@@ -61,10 +64,10 @@ declare_class!(
             let mtm = MainThreadMarker::new().unwrap();
             app_state::handle_nonuser_event(
                 mtm,
-                EventWrapper::StaticEvent(Event::WindowEvent {
-                    window_id: RootWindowId(self.id()),
+                EventWrapper::Window {
+                    window_id: self.id(),
                     event: WindowEvent::Focused(false),
-                }),
+                },
             );
             let _: () = unsafe { msg_send![super(self), resignKeyWindow] };
         }
@@ -78,6 +81,11 @@ impl WinitUIWindow {
         frame: CGRect,
         view_controller: &UIViewController,
     ) -> Retained<Self> {
+        // NOTE: This should only be created after the application has started launching,
+        // (`application:willFinishLaunchingWithOptions:` at the earliest), otherwise you'll run
+        // into very confusing issues with the window not being properly activated.
+        //
+        // Winit ensures this by not allowing access to `ActiveEventLoop` before handling events.
         let this: Retained<Self> = unsafe { msg_send_id![mtm.alloc(), initWithFrame: frame] };
 
         this.setRootViewController(Some(view_controller));
@@ -100,7 +108,7 @@ impl WinitUIWindow {
     }
 
     pub(crate) fn id(&self) -> WindowId {
-        (self as *const Self as usize as u64).into()
+        WindowId::from_raw(self as *const Self as usize)
     }
 }
 
@@ -153,20 +161,19 @@ impl Inner {
 
     pub fn pre_present_notify(&self) {}
 
-    pub fn inner_position(&self) -> Result<PhysicalPosition<i32>, NotSupportedError> {
-        let safe_area = self.safe_area_screen_space();
+    pub fn surface_position(&self) -> PhysicalPosition<i32> {
+        let view_position = self.view.frame().origin;
         let position =
-            LogicalPosition { x: safe_area.origin.x as f64, y: safe_area.origin.y as f64 };
-        let scale_factor = self.scale_factor();
-        Ok(position.to_physical(scale_factor))
+            unsafe { self.window.convertPoint_fromView(view_position, Some(&self.view)) };
+        let position = LogicalPosition::new(position.x, position.y);
+        position.to_physical(self.scale_factor())
     }
 
-    pub fn outer_position(&self) -> Result<PhysicalPosition<i32>, NotSupportedError> {
+    pub fn outer_position(&self) -> Result<PhysicalPosition<i32>, RequestError> {
         let screen_frame = self.screen_frame();
         let position =
             LogicalPosition { x: screen_frame.origin.x as f64, y: screen_frame.origin.y as f64 };
-        let scale_factor = self.scale_factor();
-        Ok(position.to_physical(scale_factor))
+        Ok(position.to_physical(self.scale_factor()))
     }
 
     pub fn set_outer_position(&self, physical_position: Position) {
@@ -181,45 +188,52 @@ impl Inner {
         self.window.setBounds(bounds);
     }
 
-    pub fn inner_size(&self) -> PhysicalSize<u32> {
-        let scale_factor = self.scale_factor();
-        let safe_area = self.safe_area_screen_space();
-        let size = LogicalSize {
-            width: safe_area.size.width as f64,
-            height: safe_area.size.height as f64,
-        };
-        size.to_physical(scale_factor)
+    pub fn surface_size(&self) -> PhysicalSize<u32> {
+        let frame = self.view.frame();
+        let size = LogicalSize::new(frame.size.width, frame.size.height);
+        size.to_physical(self.scale_factor())
     }
 
     pub fn outer_size(&self) -> PhysicalSize<u32> {
-        let scale_factor = self.scale_factor();
-        let screen_frame = self.screen_frame();
-        let size = LogicalSize {
-            width: screen_frame.size.width as f64,
-            height: screen_frame.size.height as f64,
+        let frame = self.window.frame();
+        let size = LogicalSize::new(frame.size.width, frame.size.height);
+        size.to_physical(self.scale_factor())
+    }
+
+    pub fn request_surface_size(&self, _size: Size) -> Option<PhysicalSize<u32>> {
+        Some(self.surface_size())
+    }
+
+    pub fn safe_area(&self) -> PhysicalInsets<u32> {
+        // Only available on iOS 11.0
+        let insets = if app_state::os_capabilities().safe_area {
+            self.view.safeAreaInsets()
+        } else {
+            // Assume the status bar frame is the only thing that obscures the view
+            let app = UIApplication::sharedApplication(MainThreadMarker::new().unwrap());
+            #[allow(deprecated)]
+            let status_bar_frame = app.statusBarFrame();
+            UIEdgeInsets { top: status_bar_frame.size.height, left: 0.0, bottom: 0.0, right: 0.0 }
         };
-        size.to_physical(scale_factor)
+        let insets = LogicalInsets::new(insets.top, insets.left, insets.bottom, insets.right);
+        insets.to_physical(self.scale_factor())
     }
 
-    pub fn request_inner_size(&self, _size: Size) -> Option<PhysicalSize<u32>> {
-        Some(self.inner_size())
+    pub fn set_min_surface_size(&self, _dimensions: Option<Size>) {
+        warn!("`Window::set_min_surface_size` is ignored on iOS")
     }
 
-    pub fn set_min_inner_size(&self, _dimensions: Option<Size>) {
-        warn!("`Window::set_min_inner_size` is ignored on iOS")
+    pub fn set_max_surface_size(&self, _dimensions: Option<Size>) {
+        warn!("`Window::set_max_surface_size` is ignored on iOS")
     }
 
-    pub fn set_max_inner_size(&self, _dimensions: Option<Size>) {
-        warn!("`Window::set_max_inner_size` is ignored on iOS")
-    }
-
-    pub fn resize_increments(&self) -> Option<PhysicalSize<u32>> {
+    pub fn surface_resize_increments(&self) -> Option<PhysicalSize<u32>> {
         None
     }
 
     #[inline]
-    pub fn set_resize_increments(&self, _increments: Option<Size>) {
-        warn!("`Window::set_resize_increments` is ignored on iOS")
+    pub fn set_surface_resize_increments(&self, _increments: Option<Size>) {
+        warn!("`Window::set_surface_resize_increments` is ignored on iOS")
     }
 
     pub fn set_resizable(&self, _resizable: bool) {
@@ -250,31 +264,31 @@ impl Inner {
         debug!("`Window::set_cursor` ignored on iOS")
     }
 
-    pub fn set_cursor_position(&self, _position: Position) -> Result<(), ExternalError> {
-        Err(ExternalError::NotSupported(NotSupportedError::new()))
+    pub fn set_cursor_position(&self, _position: Position) -> Result<(), NotSupportedError> {
+        Err(NotSupportedError::new("set_cursor_position is not supported"))
     }
 
-    pub fn set_cursor_grab(&self, _: CursorGrabMode) -> Result<(), ExternalError> {
-        Err(ExternalError::NotSupported(NotSupportedError::new()))
+    pub fn set_cursor_grab(&self, _: CursorGrabMode) -> Result<(), NotSupportedError> {
+        Err(NotSupportedError::new("set_cursor_grab is not supported"))
     }
 
     pub fn set_cursor_visible(&self, _visible: bool) {
         debug!("`Window::set_cursor_visible` is ignored on iOS")
     }
 
-    pub fn drag_window(&self) -> Result<(), ExternalError> {
-        Err(ExternalError::NotSupported(NotSupportedError::new()))
+    pub fn drag_window(&self) -> Result<(), NotSupportedError> {
+        Err(NotSupportedError::new("drag_window is not supported"))
     }
 
-    pub fn drag_resize_window(&self, _direction: ResizeDirection) -> Result<(), ExternalError> {
-        Err(ExternalError::NotSupported(NotSupportedError::new()))
+    pub fn drag_resize_window(&self, _direction: ResizeDirection) -> Result<(), NotSupportedError> {
+        Err(NotSupportedError::new("drag_resize_window is not supported"))
     }
 
     #[inline]
     pub fn show_window_menu(&self, _position: Position) {}
 
-    pub fn set_cursor_hittest(&self, _hittest: bool) -> Result<(), ExternalError> {
-        Err(ExternalError::NotSupported(NotSupportedError::new()))
+    pub fn set_cursor_hittest(&self, _hittest: bool) -> Result<(), NotSupportedError> {
+        Err(NotSupportedError::new("set_cursor_hittest is not supported"))
     }
 
     pub fn set_minimized(&self, _minimized: bool) {
@@ -365,12 +379,24 @@ impl Inner {
         warn!("`Window::set_ime_cursor_area` is ignored on iOS")
     }
 
-    pub fn set_ime_allowed(&self, _allowed: bool) {
-        warn!("`Window::set_ime_allowed` is ignored on iOS")
+    /// Show / hide the keyboard. To show the keyboard, we call `becomeFirstResponder`,
+    /// requesting focus for the [WinitView]. Since [WinitView] implements
+    /// [objc2_ui_kit::UIKeyInput], the keyboard will be shown.
+    /// <https://developer.apple.com/documentation/uikit/uiresponder/1621113-becomefirstresponder>
+    pub fn set_ime_allowed(&self, allowed: bool) {
+        if allowed {
+            unsafe {
+                self.view.becomeFirstResponder();
+            }
+        } else {
+            unsafe {
+                self.view.resignFirstResponder();
+            }
+        }
     }
 
     pub fn set_ime_purpose(&self, _purpose: ImePurpose) {
-        warn!("`Window::set_ime_allowed` is ignored on iOS")
+        warn!("`Window::set_ime_purpose` is ignored on iOS")
     }
 
     pub fn focus_window(&self) {
@@ -403,7 +429,6 @@ impl Inner {
         self.window.id()
     }
 
-    #[cfg(feature = "rwh_06")]
     pub fn raw_window_handle_rwh_06(&self) -> rwh_06::RawWindowHandle {
         let mut window_handle = rwh_06::UiKitWindowHandle::new({
             let ui_view = Retained::as_ptr(&self.view) as _;
@@ -448,14 +473,14 @@ impl Window {
     pub(crate) fn new(
         event_loop: &ActiveEventLoop,
         window_attributes: WindowAttributes,
-    ) -> Result<Window, RootOsError> {
+    ) -> Result<Window, RequestError> {
         let mtm = event_loop.mtm;
 
-        if window_attributes.min_inner_size.is_some() {
-            warn!("`WindowAttributes::min_inner_size` is ignored on iOS");
+        if window_attributes.min_surface_size.is_some() {
+            warn!("`WindowAttributes::min_surface_size` is ignored on iOS");
         }
-        if window_attributes.max_inner_size.is_some() {
-            warn!("`WindowAttributes::max_inner_size` is ignored on iOS");
+        if window_attributes.max_surface_size.is_some() {
+            warn!("`WindowAttributes::max_surface_size` is ignored on iOS");
         }
 
         // TODO: transparency, visible
@@ -471,7 +496,7 @@ impl Window {
 
         let screen_bounds = screen.bounds();
 
-        let frame = match window_attributes.inner_size {
+        let frame = match window_attributes.surface_size {
             Some(dim) => {
                 let scale_factor = screen.scale();
                 let size = dim.to_logical::<f64>(scale_factor as f64);
@@ -490,53 +515,16 @@ impl Window {
 
         let view_controller = WinitViewController::new(mtm, &window_attributes, &view);
         let window = WinitUIWindow::new(mtm, &window_attributes, frame, &view_controller);
-
-        app_state::set_key_window(mtm, &window);
-
-        // Like the Windows and macOS backends, we send a `ScaleFactorChanged` and `Resized`
-        // event on window creation if the DPI factor != 1.0
-        let scale_factor = view.contentScaleFactor();
-        let scale_factor = scale_factor as f64;
-        if scale_factor != 1.0 {
-            let bounds = view.bounds();
-            let screen = window.screen();
-            let screen_space = screen.coordinateSpace();
-            let screen_frame = view.convertRect_toCoordinateSpace(bounds, &screen_space);
-            let size = LogicalSize {
-                width: screen_frame.size.width as f64,
-                height: screen_frame.size.height as f64,
-            };
-            let window_id = RootWindowId(window.id());
-            app_state::handle_nonuser_events(
-                mtm,
-                std::iter::once(EventWrapper::ScaleFactorChanged(app_state::ScaleFactorChanged {
-                    window: window.clone(),
-                    scale_factor,
-                    suggested_size: size.to_physical(scale_factor),
-                }))
-                .chain(std::iter::once(EventWrapper::StaticEvent(
-                    Event::WindowEvent {
-                        window_id,
-                        event: WindowEvent::Resized(size.to_physical(scale_factor)),
-                    },
-                ))),
-            );
-        }
+        window.makeKeyAndVisible();
 
         let inner = Inner { window, view_controller, view, gl_or_metal_backed };
         Ok(Window { inner: MainThreadBound::new(inner, mtm) })
     }
 
-    pub(crate) fn maybe_queue_on_main(&self, f: impl FnOnce(&Inner) + Send + 'static) {
-        // For now, don't actually do queuing, since it may be less predictable
-        self.maybe_wait_on_main(f)
-    }
-
     pub(crate) fn maybe_wait_on_main<R: Send>(&self, f: impl FnOnce(&Inner) -> R + Send) -> R {
         self.inner.get_on_main(|inner| f(inner))
     }
 
-    #[cfg(feature = "rwh_06")]
     #[inline]
     pub(crate) fn raw_window_handle_rwh_06(
         &self,
@@ -548,7 +536,6 @@ impl Window {
         }
     }
 
-    #[cfg(feature = "rwh_06")]
     #[inline]
     pub(crate) fn raw_display_handle_rwh_06(
         &self,
@@ -557,6 +544,265 @@ impl Window {
     }
 }
 
+impl rwh_06::HasDisplayHandle for Window {
+    fn display_handle(&self) -> Result<rwh_06::DisplayHandle<'_>, rwh_06::HandleError> {
+        let raw = self.raw_display_handle_rwh_06()?;
+        unsafe { Ok(rwh_06::DisplayHandle::borrow_raw(raw)) }
+    }
+}
+
+impl rwh_06::HasWindowHandle for Window {
+    fn window_handle(&self) -> Result<rwh_06::WindowHandle<'_>, rwh_06::HandleError> {
+        let raw = self.raw_window_handle_rwh_06()?;
+        unsafe { Ok(rwh_06::WindowHandle::borrow_raw(raw)) }
+    }
+}
+
+impl CoreWindow for Window {
+    fn id(&self) -> crate::window::WindowId {
+        self.maybe_wait_on_main(|delegate| delegate.id())
+    }
+
+    fn scale_factor(&self) -> f64 {
+        self.maybe_wait_on_main(|delegate| delegate.scale_factor())
+    }
+
+    fn request_redraw(&self) {
+        self.maybe_wait_on_main(|delegate| delegate.request_redraw());
+    }
+
+    fn pre_present_notify(&self) {
+        self.maybe_wait_on_main(|delegate| delegate.pre_present_notify());
+    }
+
+    fn reset_dead_keys(&self) {
+        self.maybe_wait_on_main(|delegate| delegate.reset_dead_keys());
+    }
+
+    fn surface_position(&self) -> PhysicalPosition<i32> {
+        self.maybe_wait_on_main(|delegate| delegate.surface_position())
+    }
+
+    fn outer_position(&self) -> Result<PhysicalPosition<i32>, RequestError> {
+        self.maybe_wait_on_main(|delegate| delegate.outer_position())
+    }
+
+    fn set_outer_position(&self, position: Position) {
+        self.maybe_wait_on_main(|delegate| delegate.set_outer_position(position));
+    }
+
+    fn surface_size(&self) -> PhysicalSize<u32> {
+        self.maybe_wait_on_main(|delegate| delegate.surface_size())
+    }
+
+    fn request_surface_size(&self, size: Size) -> Option<PhysicalSize<u32>> {
+        self.maybe_wait_on_main(|delegate| delegate.request_surface_size(size))
+    }
+
+    fn outer_size(&self) -> PhysicalSize<u32> {
+        self.maybe_wait_on_main(|delegate| delegate.outer_size())
+    }
+
+    fn safe_area(&self) -> PhysicalInsets<u32> {
+        self.maybe_wait_on_main(|delegate| delegate.safe_area())
+    }
+
+    fn set_min_surface_size(&self, min_size: Option<Size>) {
+        self.maybe_wait_on_main(|delegate| delegate.set_min_surface_size(min_size))
+    }
+
+    fn set_max_surface_size(&self, max_size: Option<Size>) {
+        self.maybe_wait_on_main(|delegate| delegate.set_max_surface_size(max_size));
+    }
+
+    fn surface_resize_increments(&self) -> Option<PhysicalSize<u32>> {
+        self.maybe_wait_on_main(|delegate| delegate.surface_resize_increments())
+    }
+
+    fn set_surface_resize_increments(&self, increments: Option<Size>) {
+        self.maybe_wait_on_main(|delegate| delegate.set_surface_resize_increments(increments));
+    }
+
+    fn set_title(&self, title: &str) {
+        self.maybe_wait_on_main(|delegate| delegate.set_title(title));
+    }
+
+    fn set_transparent(&self, transparent: bool) {
+        self.maybe_wait_on_main(|delegate| delegate.set_transparent(transparent));
+    }
+
+    fn set_blur(&self, blur: bool) {
+        self.maybe_wait_on_main(|delegate| delegate.set_blur(blur));
+    }
+
+    fn set_visible(&self, visible: bool) {
+        self.maybe_wait_on_main(|delegate| delegate.set_visible(visible));
+    }
+
+    fn is_visible(&self) -> Option<bool> {
+        self.maybe_wait_on_main(|delegate| delegate.is_visible())
+    }
+
+    fn set_resizable(&self, resizable: bool) {
+        self.maybe_wait_on_main(|delegate| delegate.set_resizable(resizable))
+    }
+
+    fn is_resizable(&self) -> bool {
+        self.maybe_wait_on_main(|delegate| delegate.is_resizable())
+    }
+
+    fn set_enabled_buttons(&self, buttons: WindowButtons) {
+        self.maybe_wait_on_main(|delegate| delegate.set_enabled_buttons(buttons))
+    }
+
+    fn enabled_buttons(&self) -> WindowButtons {
+        self.maybe_wait_on_main(|delegate| delegate.enabled_buttons())
+    }
+
+    fn set_minimized(&self, minimized: bool) {
+        self.maybe_wait_on_main(|delegate| delegate.set_minimized(minimized));
+    }
+
+    fn is_minimized(&self) -> Option<bool> {
+        self.maybe_wait_on_main(|delegate| delegate.is_minimized())
+    }
+
+    fn set_maximized(&self, maximized: bool) {
+        self.maybe_wait_on_main(|delegate| delegate.set_maximized(maximized));
+    }
+
+    fn is_maximized(&self) -> bool {
+        self.maybe_wait_on_main(|delegate| delegate.is_maximized())
+    }
+
+    fn set_fullscreen(&self, fullscreen: Option<crate::window::Fullscreen>) {
+        self.maybe_wait_on_main(|delegate| delegate.set_fullscreen(fullscreen.map(Into::into)))
+    }
+
+    fn fullscreen(&self) -> Option<crate::window::Fullscreen> {
+        self.maybe_wait_on_main(|delegate| delegate.fullscreen().map(Into::into))
+    }
+
+    fn set_decorations(&self, decorations: bool) {
+        self.maybe_wait_on_main(|delegate| delegate.set_decorations(decorations));
+    }
+
+    fn is_decorated(&self) -> bool {
+        self.maybe_wait_on_main(|delegate| delegate.is_decorated())
+    }
+
+    fn set_window_level(&self, level: WindowLevel) {
+        self.maybe_wait_on_main(|delegate| delegate.set_window_level(level));
+    }
+
+    fn set_window_icon(&self, window_icon: Option<Icon>) {
+        self.maybe_wait_on_main(|delegate| delegate.set_window_icon(window_icon));
+    }
+
+    fn set_ime_cursor_area(&self, position: Position, size: Size) {
+        self.maybe_wait_on_main(|delegate| delegate.set_ime_cursor_area(position, size));
+    }
+
+    fn set_ime_allowed(&self, allowed: bool) {
+        self.maybe_wait_on_main(|delegate| delegate.set_ime_allowed(allowed));
+    }
+
+    fn set_ime_purpose(&self, purpose: ImePurpose) {
+        self.maybe_wait_on_main(|delegate| delegate.set_ime_purpose(purpose));
+    }
+
+    fn focus_window(&self) {
+        self.maybe_wait_on_main(|delegate| delegate.focus_window());
+    }
+
+    fn has_focus(&self) -> bool {
+        self.maybe_wait_on_main(|delegate| delegate.has_focus())
+    }
+
+    fn request_user_attention(&self, request_type: Option<UserAttentionType>) {
+        self.maybe_wait_on_main(|delegate| delegate.request_user_attention(request_type));
+    }
+
+    fn set_theme(&self, theme: Option<Theme>) {
+        self.maybe_wait_on_main(|delegate| delegate.set_theme(theme));
+    }
+
+    fn theme(&self) -> Option<Theme> {
+        self.maybe_wait_on_main(|delegate| delegate.theme())
+    }
+
+    fn set_content_protected(&self, protected: bool) {
+        self.maybe_wait_on_main(|delegate| delegate.set_content_protected(protected));
+    }
+
+    fn title(&self) -> String {
+        self.maybe_wait_on_main(|delegate| delegate.title())
+    }
+
+    fn set_cursor(&self, cursor: Cursor) {
+        self.maybe_wait_on_main(|delegate| delegate.set_cursor(cursor));
+    }
+
+    fn set_cursor_position(&self, position: Position) -> Result<(), RequestError> {
+        Ok(self.maybe_wait_on_main(|delegate| delegate.set_cursor_position(position))?)
+    }
+
+    fn set_cursor_grab(&self, mode: crate::window::CursorGrabMode) -> Result<(), RequestError> {
+        Ok(self.maybe_wait_on_main(|delegate| delegate.set_cursor_grab(mode))?)
+    }
+
+    fn set_cursor_visible(&self, visible: bool) {
+        self.maybe_wait_on_main(|delegate| delegate.set_cursor_visible(visible))
+    }
+
+    fn drag_window(&self) -> Result<(), RequestError> {
+        Ok(self.maybe_wait_on_main(|delegate| delegate.drag_window())?)
+    }
+
+    fn drag_resize_window(
+        &self,
+        direction: crate::window::ResizeDirection,
+    ) -> Result<(), RequestError> {
+        Ok(self.maybe_wait_on_main(|delegate| delegate.drag_resize_window(direction))?)
+    }
+
+    fn show_window_menu(&self, position: Position) {
+        self.maybe_wait_on_main(|delegate| delegate.show_window_menu(position))
+    }
+
+    fn set_cursor_hittest(&self, hittest: bool) -> Result<(), RequestError> {
+        Ok(self.maybe_wait_on_main(|delegate| delegate.set_cursor_hittest(hittest))?)
+    }
+
+    fn current_monitor(&self) -> Option<CoreMonitorHandle> {
+        self.maybe_wait_on_main(|delegate| {
+            delegate.current_monitor().map(|inner| CoreMonitorHandle { inner })
+        })
+    }
+
+    fn available_monitors(&self) -> Box<dyn Iterator<Item = CoreMonitorHandle>> {
+        self.maybe_wait_on_main(|delegate| {
+            Box::new(
+                delegate.available_monitors().into_iter().map(|inner| CoreMonitorHandle { inner }),
+            )
+        })
+    }
+
+    fn primary_monitor(&self) -> Option<CoreMonitorHandle> {
+        self.maybe_wait_on_main(|delegate| {
+            delegate.primary_monitor().map(|inner| CoreMonitorHandle { inner })
+        })
+    }
+
+    fn rwh_06_display_handle(&self) -> &dyn rwh_06::HasDisplayHandle {
+        self
+    }
+
+    fn rwh_06_window_handle(&self) -> &dyn rwh_06::HasWindowHandle {
+        self
+    }
+}
+
 // WindowExtIOS
 impl Inner {
     pub fn set_scale_factor(&self, scale_factor: f64) {
@@ -619,7 +865,7 @@ impl Inner {
 
 impl Inner {
     fn screen_frame(&self) -> CGRect {
-        self.rect_to_screen_space(self.window.bounds())
+        self.rect_to_screen_space(self.window.frame())
     }
 
     fn rect_to_screen_space(&self, rect: CGRect) -> CGRect {
@@ -631,75 +877,6 @@ impl Inner {
         let screen_space = self.window.screen().coordinateSpace();
         self.window.convertRect_fromCoordinateSpace(rect, &screen_space)
     }
-
-    fn safe_area_screen_space(&self) -> CGRect {
-        let bounds = self.window.bounds();
-        if app_state::os_capabilities().safe_area {
-            let safe_area = self.window.safeAreaInsets();
-            let safe_bounds = CGRect {
-                origin: CGPoint {
-                    x: bounds.origin.x + safe_area.left,
-                    y: bounds.origin.y + safe_area.top,
-                },
-                size: CGSize {
-                    width: bounds.size.width - safe_area.left - safe_area.right,
-                    height: bounds.size.height - safe_area.top - safe_area.bottom,
-                },
-            };
-            self.rect_to_screen_space(safe_bounds)
-        } else {
-            let screen_frame = self.rect_to_screen_space(bounds);
-            let status_bar_frame = {
-                let app = UIApplication::sharedApplication(MainThreadMarker::new().unwrap());
-                #[allow(deprecated)]
-                app.statusBarFrame()
-            };
-            let (y, height) = if screen_frame.origin.y > status_bar_frame.size.height {
-                (screen_frame.origin.y, screen_frame.size.height)
-            } else {
-                let y = status_bar_frame.size.height;
-                let height = screen_frame.size.height
-                    - (status_bar_frame.size.height - screen_frame.origin.y);
-                (y, height)
-            };
-            CGRect {
-                origin: CGPoint { x: screen_frame.origin.x, y },
-                size: CGSize { width: screen_frame.size.width, height },
-            }
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord, Hash)]
-pub struct WindowId {
-    window: *mut WinitUIWindow,
-}
-
-impl WindowId {
-    pub const fn dummy() -> Self {
-        WindowId { window: std::ptr::null_mut() }
-    }
-}
-
-impl From<WindowId> for u64 {
-    fn from(window_id: WindowId) -> Self {
-        window_id.window as u64
-    }
-}
-
-impl From<u64> for WindowId {
-    fn from(raw_id: u64) -> Self {
-        Self { window: raw_id as _ }
-    }
-}
-
-unsafe impl Send for WindowId {}
-unsafe impl Sync for WindowId {}
-
-impl From<&AnyObject> for WindowId {
-    fn from(window: &AnyObject) -> WindowId {
-        WindowId { window: window as *const _ as _ }
-    }
 }
 
 #[derive(Clone, Debug, Default, PartialEq)]

src/platform_impl/linux/common/xkb/keymap.rs

@@ -35,6 +35,9 @@ pub fn scancode_to_physicalkey(scancode: u32) -> PhysicalKey {
     // are defined by the Linux kernel. If Winit programs end up being run on other Unix-likes,
     // I can only hope they agree on what the keycodes mean.
     //
+    // The mapping here is heavily influenced by Firefox' source:
+    // https://searchfox.org/mozilla-central/rev/c597e9c789ad36af84a0370d395be066b7dc94f4/widget/NativeKeyToDOMCodeName.h
+    //
     // Some of the keycodes are likely superfluous for our purposes, and some are ones which are
     // difficult to test the correctness of, or discover the purpose of. Because of this, they've
     // either been commented out here, or not included at all.
@@ -166,23 +169,23 @@ pub fn scancode_to_physicalkey(scancode: u32) -> PhysicalKey {
         125 => KeyCode::SuperLeft,
         126 => KeyCode::SuperRight,
         127 => KeyCode::ContextMenu,
-        // 128 => KeyCode::STOP,
-        // 129 => KeyCode::AGAIN,
-        // 130 => KeyCode::PROPS,
-        // 131 => KeyCode::UNDO,
-        // 132 => KeyCode::FRONT,
-        // 133 => KeyCode::COPY,
-        // 134 => KeyCode::OPEN,
-        // 135 => KeyCode::PASTE,
-        // 136 => KeyCode::FIND,
-        // 137 => KeyCode::CUT,
-        // 138 => KeyCode::HELP,
+        128 => KeyCode::BrowserStop,
+        129 => KeyCode::Again,
+        130 => KeyCode::Props,
+        131 => KeyCode::Undo,
+        132 => KeyCode::Select, // FRONT
+        133 => KeyCode::Copy,
+        134 => KeyCode::Open,
+        135 => KeyCode::Paste,
+        136 => KeyCode::Find,
+        137 => KeyCode::Cut,
+        138 => KeyCode::Help,
         // 139 => KeyCode::MENU,
-        // 140 => KeyCode::CALC,
+        140 => KeyCode::LaunchApp2, // CALC
         // 141 => KeyCode::SETUP,
         // 142 => KeyCode::SLEEP,
-        // 143 => KeyCode::WAKEUP,
-        // 144 => KeyCode::FILE,
+        143 => KeyCode::WakeUp,
+        144 => KeyCode::LaunchApp1, // FILE
         // 145 => KeyCode::SENDFILE,
         // 146 => KeyCode::DELETEFILE,
         // 147 => KeyCode::XFER,
@@ -193,13 +196,13 @@ pub fn scancode_to_physicalkey(scancode: u32) -> PhysicalKey {
         // 152 => KeyCode::COFFEE,
         // 153 => KeyCode::ROTATE_DISPLAY,
         // 154 => KeyCode::CYCLEWINDOWS,
-        // 155 => KeyCode::MAIL,
-        // 156 => KeyCode::BOOKMARKS,
+        155 => KeyCode::LaunchMail,
+        156 => KeyCode::BrowserFavorites, // BOOKMARKS
         // 157 => KeyCode::COMPUTER,
-        // 158 => KeyCode::BACK,
-        // 159 => KeyCode::FORWARD,
+        158 => KeyCode::BrowserBack,
+        159 => KeyCode::BrowserForward,
         // 160 => KeyCode::CLOSECD,
-        // 161 => KeyCode::EJECTCD,
+        161 => KeyCode::Eject, // EJECTCD
         // 162 => KeyCode::EJECTCLOSECD,
         163 => KeyCode::MediaTrackNext,
         164 => KeyCode::MediaPlayPause,
@@ -209,9 +212,9 @@ pub fn scancode_to_physicalkey(scancode: u32) -> PhysicalKey {
         // 168 => KeyCode::REWIND,
         // 169 => KeyCode::PHONE,
         // 170 => KeyCode::ISO,
-        // 171 => KeyCode::CONFIG,
-        // 172 => KeyCode::HOMEPAGE,
-        // 173 => KeyCode::REFRESH,
+        171 => KeyCode::MediaSelect, // CONFIG
+        172 => KeyCode::BrowserHome,
+        173 => KeyCode::BrowserRefresh,
         // 174 => KeyCode::EXIT,
         // 175 => KeyCode::MOVE,
         // 176 => KeyCode::EDIT,
@@ -250,7 +253,7 @@ pub fn scancode_to_physicalkey(scancode: u32) -> PhysicalKey {
         // 214 => KeyCode::QUESTION,
         // 215 => KeyCode::EMAIL,
         // 216 => KeyCode::CHAT,
-        // 217 => KeyCode::SEARCH,
+        217 => KeyCode::BrowserSearch,
         // 218 => KeyCode::CONNECT,
         // 219 => KeyCode::FINANCE,
         // 220 => KeyCode::SPORT,
@@ -419,10 +422,32 @@ pub fn physicalkey_to_scancode(key: PhysicalKey) -> Option<u32> {
         KeyCode::SuperLeft => Some(125),
         KeyCode::SuperRight => Some(126),
         KeyCode::ContextMenu => Some(127),
+        KeyCode::BrowserStop => Some(128),
+        KeyCode::Again => Some(129),
+        KeyCode::Props => Some(130),
+        KeyCode::Undo => Some(131),
+        KeyCode::Select => Some(132),
+        KeyCode::Copy => Some(133),
+        KeyCode::Open => Some(134),
+        KeyCode::Paste => Some(135),
+        KeyCode::Find => Some(136),
+        KeyCode::Cut => Some(137),
+        KeyCode::Help => Some(138),
+        KeyCode::LaunchApp2 => Some(140),
+        KeyCode::WakeUp => Some(143),
+        KeyCode::LaunchApp1 => Some(144),
+        KeyCode::LaunchMail => Some(155),
+        KeyCode::BrowserFavorites => Some(156),
+        KeyCode::BrowserBack => Some(158),
+        KeyCode::BrowserForward => Some(159),
+        KeyCode::Eject => Some(161),
         KeyCode::MediaTrackNext => Some(163),
         KeyCode::MediaPlayPause => Some(164),
         KeyCode::MediaTrackPrevious => Some(165),
         KeyCode::MediaStop => Some(166),
+        KeyCode::MediaSelect => Some(171),
+        KeyCode::BrowserHome => Some(172),
+        KeyCode::BrowserRefresh => Some(173),
         KeyCode::F13 => Some(183),
         KeyCode::F14 => Some(184),
         KeyCode::F15 => Some(185),
@@ -435,6 +460,7 @@ pub fn physicalkey_to_scancode(key: PhysicalKey) -> Option<u32> {
         KeyCode::F22 => Some(192),
         KeyCode::F23 => Some(193),
         KeyCode::F24 => Some(194),
+        KeyCode::BrowserSearch => Some(217),
         _ => None,
     }
 }
@@ -638,7 +664,7 @@ pub fn keysym_to_key(keysym: u32) -> Key {
         // keysyms::ISO_Release_Margin_Left => NamedKey::IsoReleaseMarginLeft,
         // keysyms::ISO_Release_Margin_Right => NamedKey::IsoReleaseMarginRight,
         // keysyms::ISO_Release_Both_Margins => NamedKey::IsoReleaseBothMargins,
-        // keysyms::ISO_Fast_Cursor_Left => NamedKey::IsoFastCursorLeft,
+        // keysyms::ISO_Fast_Cursor_Left => NamedKey::IsoFastPointerLeft,
         // keysyms::ISO_Fast_Cursor_Right => NamedKey::IsoFastCursorRight,
         // keysyms::ISO_Fast_Cursor_Up => NamedKey::IsoFastCursorUp,
         // keysyms::ISO_Fast_Cursor_Down => NamedKey::IsoFastCursorDown,

src/platform_impl/linux/common/xkb/mod.rs

@@ -183,7 +183,7 @@ pub struct KeyContext<'a> {
     scratch_buffer: &'a mut Vec<u8>,
 }
 
-impl<'a> KeyContext<'a> {
+impl KeyContext<'_> {
     pub fn process_key_event(
         &mut self,
         keycode: u32,

src/platform_impl/linux/mod.rs

@@ -3,38 +3,33 @@
 #[cfg(all(not(x11_platform), not(wayland_platform)))]
 compile_error!("Please select a feature to build for unix: `x11`, `wayland`");
 
-use std::collections::VecDeque;
+use std::env;
 use std::num::{NonZeroU16, NonZeroU32};
 use std::os::unix::io::{AsFd, AsRawFd, BorrowedFd, RawFd};
-use std::sync::Arc;
 use std::time::Duration;
-use std::{env, fmt};
 #[cfg(x11_platform)]
-use std::{ffi::CStr, mem::MaybeUninit, os::raw::*, sync::Mutex};
+use std::{ffi::CStr, mem::MaybeUninit, os::raw::*, sync::Arc, sync::Mutex};
 
 use smol_str::SmolStr;
 
 pub(crate) use self::common::xkb::{physicalkey_to_scancode, scancode_to_physicalkey};
 #[cfg(x11_platform)]
-use self::x11::{X11Error, XConnection, XError, XNotSupported};
+use self::x11::{XConnection, XError, XNotSupported};
 use crate::application::ApplicationHandler;
 pub(crate) use crate::cursor::OnlyCursorImageSource as PlatformCustomCursorSource;
-use crate::dpi::{PhysicalPosition, PhysicalSize, Position, Size};
-use crate::error::{EventLoopError, ExternalError, NotSupportedError};
-use crate::event_loop::{ActiveEventLoop, AsyncRequestSerial};
-use crate::icon::Icon;
+#[cfg(x11_platform)]
+use crate::dpi::Size;
+use crate::dpi::{PhysicalPosition, PhysicalSize};
+use crate::error::{EventLoopError, NotSupportedError};
+use crate::event_loop::ActiveEventLoop;
 pub(crate) use crate::icon::RgbaIcon as PlatformIcon;
 use crate::keyboard::Key;
 use crate::platform::pump_events::PumpStatus;
 #[cfg(x11_platform)]
 use crate::platform::x11::{WindowType as XWindowType, XlibErrorHook};
-pub(crate) use crate::platform_impl::Fullscreen;
 #[cfg(x11_platform)]
 use crate::utils::Lazy;
-use crate::window::{
-    ActivationToken, Cursor, CursorGrabMode, ImePurpose, ResizeDirection, Theme, UserAttentionType,
-    WindowButtons, WindowLevel,
-};
+use crate::window::ActivationToken;
 
 pub(crate) mod common;
 #[cfg(wayland_platform)]
@@ -112,89 +107,6 @@ impl Default for PlatformSpecificWindowAttributes {
 pub(crate) static X11_BACKEND: Lazy<Mutex<Result<Arc<XConnection>, XNotSupported>>> =
     Lazy::new(|| Mutex::new(XConnection::new(Some(x_error_callback)).map(Arc::new)));
 
-#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
-pub enum OsError {
-    Misc(&'static str),
-    #[cfg(x11_platform)]
-    XError(Arc<X11Error>),
-    #[cfg(wayland_platform)]
-    WaylandError(Arc<wayland::WaylandError>),
-}
-
-impl fmt::Display for OsError {
-    fn fmt(&self, _f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> Result<(), fmt::Error> {
-        match *self {
-            OsError::Misc(e) => _f.pad(e),
-            #[cfg(x11_platform)]
-            OsError::XError(ref e) => fmt::Display::fmt(e, _f),
-            #[cfg(wayland_platform)]
-            OsError::WaylandError(ref e) => fmt::Display::fmt(e, _f),
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-pub(crate) enum Window {
-    #[cfg(x11_platform)]
-    X(x11::Window),
-    #[cfg(wayland_platform)]
-    Wayland(wayland::Window),
-}
-
-#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord, Hash)]
-pub struct WindowId(u64);
-
-impl From<WindowId> for u64 {
-    fn from(window_id: WindowId) -> Self {
-        window_id.0
-    }
-}
-
-impl From<u64> for WindowId {
-    fn from(raw_id: u64) -> Self {
-        Self(raw_id)
-    }
-}
-
-impl WindowId {
-    pub const fn dummy() -> Self {
-        Self(0)
-    }
-}
-
-#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord, Hash)]
-pub enum DeviceId {
-    #[cfg(x11_platform)]
-    X(x11::DeviceId),
-    #[cfg(wayland_platform)]
-    Wayland(wayland::DeviceId),
-}
-
-impl DeviceId {
-    pub const fn dummy() -> Self {
-        #[cfg(wayland_platform)]
-        return DeviceId::Wayland(wayland::DeviceId::dummy());
-        #[cfg(all(not(wayland_platform), x11_platform))]
-        return DeviceId::X(x11::DeviceId::dummy());
-    }
-}
-
-#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord, Hash)]
-pub enum FingerId {
-    #[cfg(x11_platform)]
-    X(x11::FingerId),
-    #[cfg(wayland_platform)]
-    Wayland(wayland::FingerId),
-}
-
-impl FingerId {
-    pub const fn dummy() -> Self {
-        #[cfg(wayland_platform)]
-        return FingerId::Wayland(wayland::FingerId::dummy());
-        #[cfg(all(not(wayland_platform), x11_platform))]
-        return FingerId::X(x11::FingerId::dummy());
-    }
-}
-
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash, PartialOrd, Ord)]
 pub enum MonitorHandle {
     #[cfg(x11_platform)]
@@ -293,316 +205,6 @@ impl VideoModeHandle {
     }
 }
 
-impl Window {
-    pub(crate) fn maybe_queue_on_main(&self, f: impl FnOnce(&Self) + Send + 'static) {
-        f(self)
-    }
-
-    pub(crate) fn maybe_wait_on_main<R: Send>(&self, f: impl FnOnce(&Self) -> R + Send) -> R {
-        f(self)
-    }
-
-    #[inline]
-    pub fn id(&self) -> WindowId {
-        x11_or_wayland!(match self; Window(w) => w.id())
-    }
-
-    #[inline]
-    pub fn set_title(&self, title: &str) {
-        x11_or_wayland!(match self; Window(w) => w.set_title(title));
-    }
-
-    #[inline]
-    pub fn set_transparent(&self, transparent: bool) {
-        x11_or_wayland!(match self; Window(w) => w.set_transparent(transparent));
-    }
-
-    #[inline]
-    pub fn set_blur(&self, blur: bool) {
-        x11_or_wayland!(match self; Window(w) => w.set_blur(blur));
-    }
-
-    #[inline]
-    pub fn set_visible(&self, visible: bool) {
-        x11_or_wayland!(match self; Window(w) => w.set_visible(visible))
-    }
-
-    #[inline]
-    pub fn is_visible(&self) -> Option<bool> {
-        x11_or_wayland!(match self; Window(w) => w.is_visible())
-    }
-
-    #[inline]
-    pub fn outer_position(&self) -> Result<PhysicalPosition<i32>, NotSupportedError> {
-        x11_or_wayland!(match self; Window(w) => w.outer_position())
-    }
-
-    #[inline]
-    pub fn inner_position(&self) -> Result<PhysicalPosition<i32>, NotSupportedError> {
-        x11_or_wayland!(match self; Window(w) => w.inner_position())
-    }
-
-    #[inline]
-    pub fn set_outer_position(&self, position: Position) {
-        x11_or_wayland!(match self; Window(w) => w.set_outer_position(position))
-    }
-
-    #[inline]
-    pub fn inner_size(&self) -> PhysicalSize<u32> {
-        x11_or_wayland!(match self; Window(w) => w.inner_size())
-    }
-
-    #[inline]
-    pub fn outer_size(&self) -> PhysicalSize<u32> {
-        x11_or_wayland!(match self; Window(w) => w.outer_size())
-    }
-
-    #[inline]
-    pub fn request_inner_size(&self, size: Size) -> Option<PhysicalSize<u32>> {
-        x11_or_wayland!(match self; Window(w) => w.request_inner_size(size))
-    }
-
-    #[inline]
-    pub(crate) fn request_activation_token(&self) -> Result<AsyncRequestSerial, NotSupportedError> {
-        x11_or_wayland!(match self; Window(w) => w.request_activation_token())
-    }
-
-    #[inline]
-    pub fn set_min_inner_size(&self, dimensions: Option<Size>) {
-        x11_or_wayland!(match self; Window(w) => w.set_min_inner_size(dimensions))
-    }
-
-    #[inline]
-    pub fn set_max_inner_size(&self, dimensions: Option<Size>) {
-        x11_or_wayland!(match self; Window(w) => w.set_max_inner_size(dimensions))
-    }
-
-    #[inline]
-    pub fn resize_increments(&self) -> Option<PhysicalSize<u32>> {
-        x11_or_wayland!(match self; Window(w) => w.resize_increments())
-    }
-
-    #[inline]
-    pub fn set_resize_increments(&self, increments: Option<Size>) {
-        x11_or_wayland!(match self; Window(w) => w.set_resize_increments(increments))
-    }
-
-    #[inline]
-    pub fn set_resizable(&self, resizable: bool) {
-        x11_or_wayland!(match self; Window(w) => w.set_resizable(resizable))
-    }
-
-    #[inline]
-    pub fn is_resizable(&self) -> bool {
-        x11_or_wayland!(match self; Window(w) => w.is_resizable())
-    }
-
-    #[inline]
-    pub fn set_enabled_buttons(&self, buttons: WindowButtons) {
-        x11_or_wayland!(match self; Window(w) => w.set_enabled_buttons(buttons))
-    }
-
-    #[inline]
-    pub fn enabled_buttons(&self) -> WindowButtons {
-        x11_or_wayland!(match self; Window(w) => w.enabled_buttons())
-    }
-
-    #[inline]
-    pub fn set_cursor(&self, cursor: Cursor) {
-        x11_or_wayland!(match self; Window(w) => w.set_cursor(cursor))
-    }
-
-    #[inline]
-    pub fn set_cursor_grab(&self, mode: CursorGrabMode) -> Result<(), ExternalError> {
-        x11_or_wayland!(match self; Window(window) => window.set_cursor_grab(mode))
-    }
-
-    #[inline]
-    pub fn set_cursor_visible(&self, visible: bool) {
-        x11_or_wayland!(match self; Window(window) => window.set_cursor_visible(visible))
-    }
-
-    #[inline]
-    pub fn drag_window(&self) -> Result<(), ExternalError> {
-        x11_or_wayland!(match self; Window(window) => window.drag_window())
-    }
-
-    #[inline]
-    pub fn drag_resize_window(&self, direction: ResizeDirection) -> Result<(), ExternalError> {
-        x11_or_wayland!(match self; Window(window) => window.drag_resize_window(direction))
-    }
-
-    #[inline]
-    pub fn show_window_menu(&self, position: Position) {
-        x11_or_wayland!(match self; Window(w) => w.show_window_menu(position))
-    }
-
-    #[inline]
-    pub fn set_cursor_hittest(&self, hittest: bool) -> Result<(), ExternalError> {
-        x11_or_wayland!(match self; Window(w) => w.set_cursor_hittest(hittest))
-    }
-
-    #[inline]
-    pub fn scale_factor(&self) -> f64 {
-        x11_or_wayland!(match self; Window(w) => w.scale_factor())
-    }
-
-    #[inline]
-    pub fn set_cursor_position(&self, position: Position) -> Result<(), ExternalError> {
-        x11_or_wayland!(match self; Window(w) => w.set_cursor_position(position))
-    }
-
-    #[inline]
-    pub fn set_maximized(&self, maximized: bool) {
-        x11_or_wayland!(match self; Window(w) => w.set_maximized(maximized))
-    }
-
-    #[inline]
-    pub fn is_maximized(&self) -> bool {
-        x11_or_wayland!(match self; Window(w) => w.is_maximized())
-    }
-
-    #[inline]
-    pub fn set_minimized(&self, minimized: bool) {
-        x11_or_wayland!(match self; Window(w) => w.set_minimized(minimized))
-    }
-
-    #[inline]
-    pub fn is_minimized(&self) -> Option<bool> {
-        x11_or_wayland!(match self; Window(w) => w.is_minimized())
-    }
-
-    #[inline]
-    pub(crate) fn fullscreen(&self) -> Option<Fullscreen> {
-        x11_or_wayland!(match self; Window(w) => w.fullscreen())
-    }
-
-    #[inline]
-    pub(crate) fn set_fullscreen(&self, monitor: Option<Fullscreen>) {
-        x11_or_wayland!(match self; Window(w) => w.set_fullscreen(monitor))
-    }
-
-    #[inline]
-    pub fn set_decorations(&self, decorations: bool) {
-        x11_or_wayland!(match self; Window(w) => w.set_decorations(decorations))
-    }
-
-    #[inline]
-    pub fn is_decorated(&self) -> bool {
-        x11_or_wayland!(match self; Window(w) => w.is_decorated())
-    }
-
-    #[inline]
-    pub fn set_window_level(&self, level: WindowLevel) {
-        x11_or_wayland!(match self; Window(w) => w.set_window_level(level))
-    }
-
-    #[inline]
-    pub fn set_window_icon(&self, window_icon: Option<Icon>) {
-        x11_or_wayland!(match self; Window(w) => w.set_window_icon(window_icon.map(|icon| icon.inner)))
-    }
-
-    #[inline]
-    pub fn set_ime_cursor_area(&self, position: Position, size: Size) {
-        x11_or_wayland!(match self; Window(w) => w.set_ime_cursor_area(position, size))
-    }
-
-    #[inline]
-    pub fn reset_dead_keys(&self) {
-        common::xkb::reset_dead_keys()
-    }
-
-    #[inline]
-    pub fn set_ime_allowed(&self, allowed: bool) {
-        x11_or_wayland!(match self; Window(w) => w.set_ime_allowed(allowed))
-    }
-
-    #[inline]
-    pub fn set_ime_purpose(&self, purpose: ImePurpose) {
-        x11_or_wayland!(match self; Window(w) => w.set_ime_purpose(purpose))
-    }
-
-    #[inline]
-    pub fn focus_window(&self) {
-        x11_or_wayland!(match self; Window(w) => w.focus_window())
-    }
-
-    pub fn request_user_attention(&self, request_type: Option<UserAttentionType>) {
-        x11_or_wayland!(match self; Window(w) => w.request_user_attention(request_type))
-    }
-
-    #[inline]
-    pub fn request_redraw(&self) {
-        x11_or_wayland!(match self; Window(w) => w.request_redraw())
-    }
-
-    #[inline]
-    pub fn pre_present_notify(&self) {
-        x11_or_wayland!(match self; Window(w) => w.pre_present_notify())
-    }
-
-    #[inline]
-    pub fn current_monitor(&self) -> Option<MonitorHandle> {
-        Some(x11_or_wayland!(match self; Window(w) => w.current_monitor()?; as MonitorHandle))
-    }
-
-    #[inline]
-    pub fn available_monitors(&self) -> VecDeque<MonitorHandle> {
-        match self {
-            #[cfg(x11_platform)]
-            Window::X(ref window) => {
-                window.available_monitors().into_iter().map(MonitorHandle::X).collect()
-            },
-            #[cfg(wayland_platform)]
-            Window::Wayland(ref window) => {
-                window.available_monitors().into_iter().map(MonitorHandle::Wayland).collect()
-            },
-        }
-    }
-
-    #[inline]
-    pub fn primary_monitor(&self) -> Option<MonitorHandle> {
-        Some(x11_or_wayland!(match self; Window(w) => w.primary_monitor()?; as MonitorHandle))
-    }
-
-    #[cfg(feature = "rwh_06")]
-    #[inline]
-    pub fn raw_window_handle_rwh_06(&self) -> Result<rwh_06::RawWindowHandle, rwh_06::HandleError> {
-        x11_or_wayland!(match self; Window(window) => window.raw_window_handle_rwh_06())
-    }
-
-    #[cfg(feature = "rwh_06")]
-    #[inline]
-    pub fn raw_display_handle_rwh_06(
-        &self,
-    ) -> Result<rwh_06::RawDisplayHandle, rwh_06::HandleError> {
-        x11_or_wayland!(match self; Window(window) => window.raw_display_handle_rwh_06())
-    }
-
-    #[inline]
-    pub fn set_theme(&self, theme: Option<Theme>) {
-        x11_or_wayland!(match self; Window(window) => window.set_theme(theme))
-    }
-
-    #[inline]
-    pub fn theme(&self) -> Option<Theme> {
-        x11_or_wayland!(match self; Window(window) => window.theme())
-    }
-
-    pub fn set_content_protected(&self, protected: bool) {
-        x11_or_wayland!(match self; Window(window) => window.set_content_protected(protected))
-    }
-
-    #[inline]
-    pub fn has_focus(&self) -> bool {
-        x11_or_wayland!(match self; Window(window) => window.has_focus())
-    }
-
-    pub fn title(&self) -> String {
-        x11_or_wayland!(match self; Window(window) => window.title())
-    }
-}
-
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Eq, PartialEq, Hash)]
 pub struct KeyEventExtra {
     pub text_with_all_modifiers: Option<SmolStr>,
@@ -619,18 +221,18 @@ pub(crate) enum PlatformCustomCursor {
 
 /// Hooks for X11 errors.
 #[cfg(x11_platform)]
-pub(crate) static mut XLIB_ERROR_HOOKS: Mutex<Vec<XlibErrorHook>> = Mutex::new(Vec::new());
+pub(crate) static XLIB_ERROR_HOOKS: Mutex<Vec<XlibErrorHook>> = Mutex::new(Vec::new());
 
 #[cfg(x11_platform)]
 unsafe extern "C" fn x_error_callback(
     display: *mut x11::ffi::Display,
     event: *mut x11::ffi::XErrorEvent,
 ) -> c_int {
-    let xconn_lock = X11_BACKEND.lock().unwrap();
+    let xconn_lock = X11_BACKEND.lock().unwrap_or_else(|e| e.into_inner());
     if let Ok(ref xconn) = *xconn_lock {
         // Call all the hooks.
         let mut error_handled = false;
-        for hook in unsafe { XLIB_ERROR_HOOKS.lock() }.unwrap().iter() {
+        for hook in XLIB_ERROR_HOOKS.lock().unwrap().iter() {
             error_handled |= hook(display as *mut _, event as *mut _);
         }
 
@@ -675,14 +277,6 @@ pub enum EventLoop {
     X(x11::EventLoop),
 }
 
-#[derive(Clone)]
-pub enum EventLoopProxy {
-    #[cfg(x11_platform)]
-    X(x11::EventLoopProxy),
-    #[cfg(wayland_platform)]
-    Wayland(wayland::EventLoopProxy),
-}
-
 impl EventLoop {
     pub(crate) fn new(
         attributes: &PlatformSpecificEventLoopAttributes,
@@ -692,8 +286,8 @@ impl EventLoop {
                 "Initializing the event loop outside of the main thread is a significant \
                  cross-platform compatibility hazard. If you absolutely need to create an \
                  EventLoop on a different thread, you can use the \
-                 `EventLoopBuilderExtX11::any_thread` or `EventLoopBuilderExtWayland::any_thread` \
-                 functions."
+                 `EventLoopBuilderExtX11::with_any_thread` or \
+                 `EventLoopBuilderExtWayland::with_any_thread` functions."
             );
         }
 
@@ -728,7 +322,7 @@ impl EventLoop {
                 } else {
                     "neither WAYLAND_DISPLAY nor WAYLAND_SOCKET nor DISPLAY is set."
                 };
-                return Err(EventLoopError::Os(os_error!(OsError::Misc(msg))));
+                return Err(NotSupportedError::new(msg).into());
             },
         };
 
@@ -748,9 +342,9 @@ impl EventLoop {
 
     #[cfg(x11_platform)]
     fn new_x11_any_thread() -> Result<EventLoop, EventLoopError> {
-        let xconn = match X11_BACKEND.lock().unwrap().as_ref() {
+        let xconn = match X11_BACKEND.lock().unwrap_or_else(|e| e.into_inner()).as_ref() {
             Ok(xconn) => xconn.clone(),
-            Err(_) => return Err(EventLoopError::NotSupported(NotSupportedError::new())),
+            Err(err) => return Err(os_error!(err.clone()).into()),
         };
 
         Ok(EventLoop::X(x11::EventLoop::new(xconn)))
@@ -802,65 +396,6 @@ impl AsRawFd for EventLoop {
     }
 }
 
-impl EventLoopProxy {
-    pub fn wake_up(&self) {
-        x11_or_wayland!(match self; EventLoopProxy(proxy) => proxy.wake_up())
-    }
-}
-
-#[derive(Clone)]
-#[allow(dead_code)]
-pub(crate) enum OwnedDisplayHandle {
-    #[cfg(x11_platform)]
-    X(Arc<XConnection>),
-    #[cfg(wayland_platform)]
-    Wayland(wayland_client::Connection),
-}
-
-impl OwnedDisplayHandle {
-    #[cfg(feature = "rwh_06")]
-    #[inline]
-    pub fn raw_display_handle_rwh_06(
-        &self,
-    ) -> Result<rwh_06::RawDisplayHandle, rwh_06::HandleError> {
-        use std::ptr::NonNull;
-
-        match self {
-            #[cfg(x11_platform)]
-            Self::X(xconn) => Ok(rwh_06::XlibDisplayHandle::new(
-                NonNull::new(xconn.display.cast()),
-                xconn.default_screen_index() as _,
-            )
-            .into()),
-
-            #[cfg(wayland_platform)]
-            Self::Wayland(conn) => {
-                use sctk::reexports::client::Proxy;
-
-                Ok(rwh_06::WaylandDisplayHandle::new(
-                    NonNull::new(conn.display().id().as_ptr().cast()).unwrap(),
-                )
-                .into())
-            },
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-impl PartialEq for OwnedDisplayHandle {
-    fn eq(&self, other: &Self) -> bool {
-        match (self, other) {
-            #[cfg(x11_platform)]
-            (Self::X(this), Self::X(other)) => Arc::as_ptr(this).eq(&Arc::as_ptr(other)),
-            #[cfg(wayland_platform)]
-            (Self::Wayland(this), Self::Wayland(other)) => this.eq(other),
-            #[cfg(all(x11_platform, wayland_platform))]
-            _ => false,
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-impl Eq for OwnedDisplayHandle {}
-
 /// Returns the minimum `Option<Duration>`, taking into account that `None`
 /// equates to an infinite timeout, not a zero timeout (so can't just use
 /// `Option::min`)

src/platform_impl/linux/wayland/event_loop/mod.rs

@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 //! The event-loop routines.
 
-use std::any::Any;
 use std::cell::{Cell, RefCell};
 use std::io::Result as IOResult;
 use std::mem;
@@ -9,30 +8,33 @@ use std::sync::atomic::Ordering;
 use std::sync::{Arc, Mutex};
 use std::time::{Duration, Instant};
 
-use sctk::reexports::calloop::Error as CalloopError;
 use sctk::reexports::calloop_wayland_source::WaylandSource;
 use sctk::reexports::client::{globals, Connection, QueueHandle};
 
 use crate::application::ApplicationHandler;
 use crate::cursor::OnlyCursorImage;
 use crate::dpi::LogicalSize;
-use crate::error::{EventLoopError, ExternalError, OsError as RootOsError};
-use crate::event::{Event, InnerSizeWriter, StartCause, WindowEvent};
-use crate::event_loop::{ActiveEventLoop as RootActiveEventLoop, ControlFlow, DeviceEvents};
+use crate::error::{EventLoopError, OsError, RequestError};
+use crate::event::{Event, StartCause, SurfaceSizeWriter, WindowEvent};
+use crate::event_loop::{
+    ActiveEventLoop as RootActiveEventLoop, ControlFlow, DeviceEvents,
+    OwnedDisplayHandle as CoreOwnedDisplayHandle,
+};
 use crate::platform::pump_events::PumpStatus;
 use crate::platform_impl::platform::min_timeout;
-use crate::platform_impl::{OsError, PlatformCustomCursor};
+use crate::platform_impl::PlatformCustomCursor;
 use crate::window::{CustomCursor as RootCustomCursor, CustomCursorSource, Theme};
 
 mod proxy;
 pub mod sink;
 
-pub use proxy::EventLoopProxy;
+use proxy::EventLoopProxy;
 use sink::EventSink;
 
 use super::state::{WindowCompositorUpdate, WinitState};
 use super::window::state::FrameCallbackState;
-use super::{logical_to_physical_rounded, DeviceId, WaylandError, WindowId};
+use super::{logical_to_physical_rounded, WindowId};
+pub use crate::event_loop::EventLoopProxy as CoreEventLoopProxy;
 
 type WaylandDispatcher = calloop::Dispatcher<'static, WaylandSource<WinitState>, WinitState>;
 
@@ -50,10 +52,10 @@ pub struct EventLoop {
     wayland_dispatcher: WaylandDispatcher,
 
     /// Connection to the wayland server.
-    connection: Connection,
+    handle: Arc<OwnedDisplayHandle>,
 
     /// Event loop window target.
-    pub(crate) active_event_loop: ActiveEventLoop,
+    active_event_loop: ActiveEventLoop,
 
     // XXX drop after everything else, just to be safe.
     /// Calloop's event loop.
@@ -62,27 +64,20 @@ pub struct EventLoop {
 
 impl EventLoop {
     pub fn new() -> Result<EventLoop, EventLoopError> {
-        macro_rules! map_err {
-            ($e:expr, $err:expr) => {
-                $e.map_err(|error| os_error!($err(error).into()))
-            };
-        }
-
-        let connection = map_err!(Connection::connect_to_env(), WaylandError::Connection)?;
+        let connection = Connection::connect_to_env().map_err(|err| os_error!(err))?;
 
         let (globals, mut event_queue) =
-            map_err!(globals::registry_queue_init(&connection), WaylandError::Global)?;
+            globals::registry_queue_init(&connection).map_err(|err| os_error!(err))?;
         let queue_handle = event_queue.handle();
 
         let event_loop =
-            map_err!(calloop::EventLoop::<WinitState>::try_new(), WaylandError::Calloop)?;
+            calloop::EventLoop::<WinitState>::try_new().map_err(|err| os_error!(err))?;
 
-        let mut winit_state = WinitState::new(&globals, &queue_handle, event_loop.handle())
-            .map_err(|error| os_error!(error))?;
+        let mut winit_state = WinitState::new(&globals, &queue_handle, event_loop.handle())?;
 
         // NOTE: do a roundtrip after binding the globals to prevent potential
         // races with the server.
-        map_err!(event_queue.roundtrip(&mut winit_state), WaylandError::Dispatch)?;
+        event_queue.roundtrip(&mut winit_state).map_err(|err| os_error!(err))?;
 
         // Register Wayland source.
         let wayland_source = WaylandSource::new(connection.clone(), event_queue);
@@ -98,48 +93,43 @@ impl EventLoop {
                 result
             });
 
-        map_err!(
-            event_loop.handle().register_dispatcher(wayland_dispatcher.clone()),
-            WaylandError::Calloop
-        )?;
+        event_loop
+            .handle()
+            .register_dispatcher(wayland_dispatcher.clone())
+            .map_err(|err| os_error!(err))?;
 
         // Setup the user proxy.
         let (ping, ping_source) = calloop::ping::make_ping().unwrap();
-        let result = event_loop
+        event_loop
             .handle()
             .insert_source(ping_source, move |_, _, winit_state: &mut WinitState| {
                 winit_state.dispatched_events = true;
                 winit_state.proxy_wake_up = true;
             })
-            .map_err(|error| error.error);
-        map_err!(result, WaylandError::Calloop)?;
+            .map_err(|err| os_error!(err))?;
 
         // An event's loop awakener to wake up for window events from winit's windows.
-        let (event_loop_awakener, event_loop_awakener_source) = map_err!(
-            calloop::ping::make_ping()
-                .map_err(|error| CalloopError::OtherError(Box::new(error).into())),
-            WaylandError::Calloop
-        )?;
+        let (event_loop_awakener, event_loop_awakener_source) =
+            calloop::ping::make_ping().map_err(|err| os_error!(err))?;
 
-        let result = event_loop
+        event_loop
             .handle()
             .insert_source(event_loop_awakener_source, move |_, _, winit_state: &mut WinitState| {
                 // Mark that we have something to dispatch.
                 winit_state.dispatched_events = true;
             })
-            .map_err(|error| error.error);
-        map_err!(result, WaylandError::Calloop)?;
+            .map_err(|err| os_error!(err))?;
 
+        let handle = Arc::new(OwnedDisplayHandle::new(connection));
         let active_event_loop = ActiveEventLoop {
-            connection: connection.clone(),
+            handle: handle.clone(),
             wayland_dispatcher: wayland_dispatcher.clone(),
             event_loop_awakener,
-            event_loop_proxy: EventLoopProxy::new(ping),
+            event_loop_proxy: EventLoopProxy::new(ping).into(),
             queue_handle,
             control_flow: Cell::new(ControlFlow::default()),
             exit: Cell::new(None),
             state: RefCell::new(winit_state),
-            wayland_callback: Default::default(),
         };
 
         let event_loop = Self {
@@ -147,7 +137,7 @@ impl EventLoop {
             compositor_updates: Vec::new(),
             buffer_sink: EventSink::default(),
             window_ids: Vec::new(),
-            connection,
+            handle,
             wayland_dispatcher,
             event_loop,
             active_event_loop,
@@ -241,7 +231,7 @@ impl EventLoop {
             //
             // Checking for flush error is essential to perform an exit with error, since
             // once we have a protocol error, we could get stuck retrying...
-            if self.connection.flush().is_err() {
+            if self.handle.connection.flush().is_err() {
                 self.set_exit_code(1);
                 return;
             }
@@ -298,10 +288,6 @@ impl EventLoop {
 
         app.new_events(&self.active_event_loop, cause);
 
-        if let Some(callback) = self.active_event_loop.wayland_callback.get() {
-            callback(app);
-        }
-
         // NB: For consistency all platforms must call `can_create_surfaces` even though Wayland
         // applications don't themselves have a formal surface destroy/create lifecycle.
         if cause == StartCause::Init {
@@ -323,24 +309,23 @@ impl EventLoop {
                     let windows = state.windows.get_mut();
                     let window = windows.get(&window_id).unwrap().lock().unwrap();
                     let scale_factor = window.scale_factor();
-                    let size = logical_to_physical_rounded(window.inner_size(), scale_factor);
+                    let size = logical_to_physical_rounded(window.surface_size(), scale_factor);
                     (size, scale_factor)
                 });
 
                 // Stash the old window size.
                 let old_physical_size = physical_size;
 
-                let new_inner_size = Arc::new(Mutex::new(physical_size));
-                let root_window_id = crate::window::WindowId(window_id);
+                let new_surface_size = Arc::new(Mutex::new(physical_size));
                 let event = WindowEvent::ScaleFactorChanged {
                     scale_factor,
-                    inner_size_writer: InnerSizeWriter::new(Arc::downgrade(&new_inner_size)),
+                    surface_size_writer: SurfaceSizeWriter::new(Arc::downgrade(&new_surface_size)),
                 };
 
-                app.window_event(&self.active_event_loop, root_window_id, event);
+                app.window_event(&self.active_event_loop, window_id, event);
 
-                let physical_size = *new_inner_size.lock().unwrap();
-                drop(new_inner_size);
+                let physical_size = *new_surface_size.lock().unwrap();
+                drop(new_surface_size);
 
                 // Resize the window when user altered the size.
                 if old_physical_size != physical_size {
@@ -350,7 +335,7 @@ impl EventLoop {
 
                         let new_logical_size: LogicalSize<f64> =
                             physical_size.to_logical(scale_factor);
-                        window.request_inner_size(new_logical_size.into());
+                        window.request_surface_size(new_logical_size.into());
                     });
 
                     // Make it queue resize.
@@ -366,7 +351,7 @@ impl EventLoop {
                     let window = windows.get(&window_id).unwrap().lock().unwrap();
 
                     let scale_factor = window.scale_factor();
-                    let size = logical_to_physical_rounded(window.inner_size(), scale_factor);
+                    let size = logical_to_physical_rounded(window.surface_size(), scale_factor);
 
                     // Mark the window as needed a redraw.
                     state
@@ -380,13 +365,11 @@ impl EventLoop {
                     size
                 });
 
-                let window_id = crate::window::WindowId(window_id);
-                let event = WindowEvent::Resized(physical_size);
+                let event = WindowEvent::SurfaceResized(physical_size);
                 app.window_event(&self.active_event_loop, window_id, event);
             }
 
             if compositor_update.close_window {
-                let window_id = crate::window::WindowId(window_id);
                 app.window_event(&self.active_event_loop, window_id, WindowEvent::CloseRequested);
             }
         }
@@ -456,8 +439,7 @@ impl EventLoop {
             });
 
             if let Some(event) = event {
-                let window_id = crate::window::WindowId(*window_id);
-                app.window_event(&self.active_event_loop, window_id, event);
+                app.window_event(&self.active_event_loop, *window_id, event);
             }
         }
 
@@ -523,14 +505,12 @@ impl EventLoop {
         })
     }
 
-    fn roundtrip(&mut self) -> Result<usize, RootOsError> {
+    fn roundtrip(&mut self) -> Result<usize, OsError> {
         let state = &mut self.active_event_loop.state.get_mut();
 
         let mut wayland_source = self.wayland_dispatcher.as_source_mut();
         let event_queue = wayland_source.queue();
-        event_queue.roundtrip(state).map_err(|error| {
-            os_error!(OsError::WaylandError(Arc::new(WaylandError::Dispatch(error))))
-        })
+        event_queue.roundtrip(state).map_err(|err| os_error!(err))
     }
 
     fn control_flow(&self) -> ControlFlow {
@@ -564,7 +544,7 @@ impl AsRawFd for EventLoop {
 
 pub struct ActiveEventLoop {
     /// Event loop proxy
-    event_loop_proxy: EventLoopProxy,
+    event_loop_proxy: CoreEventLoopProxy,
 
     /// The event loop wakeup source.
     pub event_loop_awakener: calloop::ping::Ping,
@@ -585,19 +565,13 @@ pub struct ActiveEventLoop {
     /// Dispatcher of Wayland events.
     pub wayland_dispatcher: WaylandDispatcher,
 
-    /// Connection to the wayland server.
-    pub connection: Connection,
-
-    pub wayland_callback: Cell<Option<fn(&mut dyn ApplicationHandler)>>,
+    /// Handle for the underlying event loop.
+    pub handle: Arc<OwnedDisplayHandle>,
 }
 
 impl RootActiveEventLoop for ActiveEventLoop {
-    fn create_proxy(&self) -> crate::event_loop::EventLoopProxy {
-        crate::event_loop::EventLoopProxy {
-            event_loop_proxy: crate::platform_impl::EventLoopProxy::Wayland(
-                self.event_loop_proxy.clone(),
-            ),
-        }
+    fn create_proxy(&self) -> CoreEventLoopProxy {
+        self.event_loop_proxy.clone()
     }
 
     fn set_control_flow(&self, control_flow: ControlFlow) {
@@ -622,7 +596,7 @@ impl RootActiveEventLoop for ActiveEventLoop {
     fn create_custom_cursor(
         &self,
         cursor: CustomCursorSource,
-    ) -> Result<RootCustomCursor, ExternalError> {
+    ) -> Result<RootCustomCursor, RequestError> {
         Ok(RootCustomCursor {
             inner: PlatformCustomCursor::Wayland(OnlyCursorImage(Arc::from(cursor.inner.0))),
         })
@@ -636,10 +610,9 @@ impl RootActiveEventLoop for ActiveEventLoop {
     fn create_window(
         &self,
         window_attributes: crate::window::WindowAttributes,
-    ) -> Result<crate::window::Window, RootOsError> {
+    ) -> Result<Box<dyn crate::window::Window>, RequestError> {
         let window = crate::platform_impl::wayland::Window::new(self, window_attributes)?;
-        let window = crate::platform_impl::Window::Wayland(window);
-        Ok(crate::window::Window { window })
+        Ok(Box::new(window))
     }
 
     fn available_monitors(&self) -> Box<dyn Iterator<Item = crate::monitor::MonitorHandle>> {
@@ -659,18 +632,10 @@ impl RootActiveEventLoop for ActiveEventLoop {
         None
     }
 
-    fn owned_display_handle(&self) -> crate::event_loop::OwnedDisplayHandle {
-        crate::event_loop::OwnedDisplayHandle {
-            platform: crate::platform_impl::OwnedDisplayHandle::Wayland(self.connection.clone()),
-        }
+    fn owned_display_handle(&self) -> CoreOwnedDisplayHandle {
+        CoreOwnedDisplayHandle::new(self.handle.clone())
     }
 
-    #[inline(always)]
-    fn as_any(&self) -> &dyn Any {
-        self
-    }
-
-    #[cfg(feature = "rwh_06")]
     fn rwh_06_handle(&self) -> &dyn rwh_06::HasDisplayHandle {
         self
     }
@@ -690,8 +655,23 @@ impl ActiveEventLoop {
     }
 }
 
-#[cfg(feature = "rwh_06")]
 impl rwh_06::HasDisplayHandle for ActiveEventLoop {
+    fn display_handle(&self) -> Result<rwh_06::DisplayHandle<'_>, rwh_06::HandleError> {
+        self.handle.display_handle()
+    }
+}
+
+pub struct OwnedDisplayHandle {
+    pub(crate) connection: Connection,
+}
+
+impl OwnedDisplayHandle {
+    fn new(connection: Connection) -> Self {
+        Self { connection }
+    }
+}
+
+impl rwh_06::HasDisplayHandle for OwnedDisplayHandle {
     fn display_handle(&self) -> Result<rwh_06::DisplayHandle<'_>, rwh_06::HandleError> {
         use sctk::reexports::client::Proxy;
 

src/platform_impl/linux/wayland/event_loop/proxy.rs

@@ -1,19 +1,30 @@
 //! An event loop proxy.
 
+use std::sync::Arc;
+
 use sctk::reexports::calloop::ping::Ping;
 
+use crate::event_loop::{EventLoopProxy as CoreEventLoopProxy, EventLoopProxyProvider};
+
 /// A handle that can be sent across the threads and used to wake up the `EventLoop`.
-#[derive(Clone)]
 pub struct EventLoopProxy {
     ping: Ping,
 }
 
+impl EventLoopProxyProvider for EventLoopProxy {
+    fn wake_up(&self) {
+        self.ping.ping();
+    }
+}
+
 impl EventLoopProxy {
     pub fn new(ping: Ping) -> Self {
         Self { ping }
     }
+}
 
-    pub fn wake_up(&self) {
-        self.ping.ping();
+impl From<EventLoopProxy> for CoreEventLoopProxy {
+    fn from(value: EventLoopProxy) -> Self {
+        CoreEventLoopProxy::new(Arc::new(value))
     }
 }

src/platform_impl/linux/wayland/event_loop/sink.rs

@@ -2,10 +2,8 @@
 
 use std::vec::Drain;
 
-use super::{DeviceId, WindowId};
-use crate::event::{DeviceEvent, DeviceId as RootDeviceId, Event, WindowEvent};
-use crate::platform_impl::platform::DeviceId as PlatformDeviceId;
-use crate::window::WindowId as RootWindowId;
+use crate::event::{DeviceEvent, Event, WindowEvent};
+use crate::window::WindowId;
 
 /// An event loop's sink to deliver events from the Wayland event callbacks
 /// to the winit's user.
@@ -27,17 +25,14 @@ impl EventSink {
 
     /// Add new device event to a queue.
     #[inline]
-    pub fn push_device_event(&mut self, event: DeviceEvent, device_id: DeviceId) {
-        self.window_events.push(Event::DeviceEvent {
-            event,
-            device_id: RootDeviceId(PlatformDeviceId::Wayland(device_id)),
-        });
+    pub fn push_device_event(&mut self, event: DeviceEvent) {
+        self.window_events.push(Event::DeviceEvent { event, device_id: None });
     }
 
     /// Add new window event to a queue.
     #[inline]
     pub fn push_window_event(&mut self, event: WindowEvent, window_id: WindowId) {
-        self.window_events.push(Event::WindowEvent { event, window_id: RootWindowId(window_id) });
+        self.window_events.push(Event::WindowEvent { event, window_id });
     }
 
     #[inline]

src/platform_impl/linux/wayland/mod.rs

@@ -1,18 +1,14 @@
 //! Winit's Wayland backend.
 
-use std::fmt::Display;
-use std::sync::Arc;
-
-pub use event_loop::{ActiveEventLoop, EventLoop, EventLoopProxy};
+pub use event_loop::{ActiveEventLoop, EventLoop};
 pub use output::{MonitorHandle, VideoModeHandle};
-use sctk::reexports::client::globals::{BindError, GlobalError};
 use sctk::reexports::client::protocol::wl_surface::WlSurface;
-use sctk::reexports::client::{self, ConnectError, DispatchError, Proxy};
+use sctk::reexports::client::Proxy;
 pub use window::Window;
 
 pub(super) use crate::cursor::OnlyCursorImage as CustomCursor;
 use crate::dpi::{LogicalSize, PhysicalSize};
-pub use crate::platform_impl::platform::{OsError, WindowId};
+use crate::window::WindowId;
 
 mod event_loop;
 mod output;
@@ -21,69 +17,10 @@ mod state;
 mod types;
 mod window;
 
-#[derive(Debug)]
-pub enum WaylandError {
-    /// Error connecting to the socket.
-    Connection(ConnectError),
-
-    /// Error binding the global.
-    Global(GlobalError),
-
-    // Bind error.
-    Bind(BindError),
-
-    /// Error during the dispatching the event queue.
-    Dispatch(DispatchError),
-
-    /// Calloop error.
-    Calloop(calloop::Error),
-
-    /// Wayland
-    Wire(client::backend::WaylandError),
-}
-
-impl Display for WaylandError {
-    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
-        match self {
-            WaylandError::Connection(error) => error.fmt(f),
-            WaylandError::Global(error) => error.fmt(f),
-            WaylandError::Bind(error) => error.fmt(f),
-            WaylandError::Dispatch(error) => error.fmt(f),
-            WaylandError::Calloop(error) => error.fmt(f),
-            WaylandError::Wire(error) => error.fmt(f),
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-impl From<WaylandError> for OsError {
-    fn from(value: WaylandError) -> Self {
-        Self::WaylandError(Arc::new(value))
-    }
-}
-
-/// Dummy device id, since Wayland doesn't have device events.
-#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord, Hash)]
-pub struct DeviceId;
-
-impl DeviceId {
-    pub const fn dummy() -> Self {
-        DeviceId
-    }
-}
-
-#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord, Hash)]
-pub struct FingerId(i32);
-
-impl FingerId {
-    pub const fn dummy() -> Self {
-        FingerId(0)
-    }
-}
-
 /// Get the WindowId out of the surface.
 #[inline]
 fn make_wid(surface: &WlSurface) -> WindowId {
-    WindowId(surface.id().as_ptr() as u64)
+    WindowId::from_raw(surface.id().as_ptr() as usize)
 }
 
 /// The default routine does floor, but we need round on Wayland.

src/platform_impl/linux/wayland/seat/keyboard/mod.rs

@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ use crate::keyboard::ModifiersState;
 use crate::platform_impl::common::xkb::Context;
 use crate::platform_impl::wayland::event_loop::sink::EventSink;
 use crate::platform_impl::wayland::state::WinitState;
-use crate::platform_impl::wayland::{self, DeviceId, WindowId};
+use crate::platform_impl::wayland::{self, WindowId};
 
 impl Dispatch<WlKeyboard, KeyboardData, WinitState> for WinitState {
     fn event(
@@ -369,10 +369,9 @@ fn key_input(
         None => return,
     };
 
-    let device_id = crate::event::DeviceId(crate::platform_impl::DeviceId::Wayland(DeviceId));
     if let Some(mut key_context) = keyboard_state.xkb_context.key_context() {
         let event = key_context.process_key_event(keycode, state, repeat);
-        let event = WindowEvent::KeyboardInput { device_id, event, is_synthetic: false };
+        let event = WindowEvent::KeyboardInput { device_id: None, event, is_synthetic: false };
         event_sink.push_window_event(event, window_id);
     }
 }

src/platform_impl/linux/wayland/seat/mod.rs

@@ -40,6 +40,9 @@ pub struct WinitSeatState {
     /// The mapping from touched points to the surfaces they're present.
     touch_map: AHashMap<i32, TouchPoint>,
 
+    /// Id of the first touch event.
+    first_touch_id: Option<i32>,
+
     /// The text input bound on the seat.
     text_input: Option<Arc<ZwpTextInputV3>>,
 

src/platform_impl/linux/wayland/seat/pointer/mod.rs

@@ -27,10 +27,10 @@ use sctk::seat::pointer::{
 use sctk::seat::SeatState;
 
 use crate::dpi::{LogicalPosition, PhysicalPosition};
-use crate::event::{ElementState, MouseButton, MouseScrollDelta, TouchPhase, WindowEvent};
+use crate::event::{ElementState, MouseButton, MouseScrollDelta, PointerSource, PointerKind, TouchPhase, WindowEvent};
 
 use crate::platform_impl::wayland::state::WinitState;
-use crate::platform_impl::wayland::{self, DeviceId, WindowId};
+use crate::platform_impl::wayland::{self, WindowId};
 
 pub mod relative_pointer;
 
@@ -59,8 +59,6 @@ impl PointerHandler for WinitState {
             },
         };
 
-        let device_id = crate::event::DeviceId(crate::platform_impl::DeviceId::Wayland(DeviceId));
-
         for event in events {
             let surface = &event.surface;
 
@@ -124,18 +122,20 @@ impl PointerHandler for WinitState {
                 },
                 // Regular events on the main surface.
                 PointerEventKind::Enter { .. } => {
-                    self.events_sink
-                        .push_window_event(WindowEvent::CursorEntered { device_id }, window_id);
+                    self.events_sink.push_window_event(
+                        WindowEvent::PointerEntered {
+                            primary: true,
+                            device_id: None,
+                            position,
+                            kind: PointerKind::Mouse,
+                        },
+                        window_id,
+                    );
 
                     window.pointer_entered(Arc::downgrade(themed_pointer));
 
                     // Set the currently focused surface.
                     pointer.winit_data().inner.lock().unwrap().surface = Some(window_id);
-
-                    self.events_sink.push_window_event(
-                        WindowEvent::CursorMoved { device_id, position },
-                        window_id,
-                    );
                 },
                 PointerEventKind::Leave { .. } => {
                     window.pointer_left(Arc::downgrade(themed_pointer));
@@ -143,12 +143,24 @@ impl PointerHandler for WinitState {
                     // Remove the active surface.
                     pointer.winit_data().inner.lock().unwrap().surface = None;
 
-                    self.events_sink
-                        .push_window_event(WindowEvent::CursorLeft { device_id }, window_id);
+                    self.events_sink.push_window_event(
+                        WindowEvent::PointerLeft {
+                            primary: true,
+                            device_id: None,
+                            position: Some(position),
+                            kind: PointerKind::Mouse,
+                        },
+                        window_id,
+                    );
                 },
                 PointerEventKind::Motion { .. } => {
                     self.events_sink.push_window_event(
-                        WindowEvent::CursorMoved { device_id, position },
+                        WindowEvent::PointerMoved {
+                            primary: true,
+                            device_id: None,
+                            position,
+                            source: PointerSource::Mouse,
+                        },
                         window_id,
                     );
                 },
@@ -164,7 +176,13 @@ impl PointerHandler for WinitState {
                         ElementState::Released
                     };
                     self.events_sink.push_window_event(
-                        WindowEvent::MouseInput { device_id, state, button },
+                        WindowEvent::PointerButton {
+                            primary: true,
+                            device_id: None,
+                            state,
+                            position,
+                            button: button.into(),
+                        },
                         window_id,
                     );
                 },
@@ -209,7 +227,7 @@ impl PointerHandler for WinitState {
                     };
 
                     self.events_sink.push_window_event(
-                        WindowEvent::MouseWheel { device_id, delta, phase },
+                        WindowEvent::MouseWheel { device_id: None, delta, phase },
                         window_id,
                     )
                 },

src/platform_impl/linux/wayland/seat/pointer/relative_pointer.rs

@@ -66,10 +66,9 @@ impl Dispatch<ZwpRelativePointerV1, GlobalData, WinitState> for RelativePointerS
             },
             _ => return,
         };
-        state.events_sink.push_device_event(
-            DeviceEvent::MouseMotion { delta: (dx_unaccel, dy_unaccel) },
-            super::DeviceId,
-        );
+        state
+            .events_sink
+            .push_device_event(DeviceEvent::PointerMotion { delta: (dx_unaccel, dy_unaccel) });
     }
 }
 

src/platform_impl/linux/wayland/seat/touch/mod.rs

@@ -8,9 +8,9 @@ use sctk::seat::touch::{TouchData, TouchHandler};
 use tracing::warn;
 
 use crate::dpi::LogicalPosition;
-use crate::event::{Touch, TouchPhase, WindowEvent};
+use crate::event::{ButtonSource, ElementState, FingerId, PointerKind, PointerSource, WindowEvent};
+use crate::platform_impl::wayland;
 use crate::platform_impl::wayland::state::WinitState;
-use crate::platform_impl::wayland::{self, DeviceId, FingerId};
 
 impl TouchHandler for WinitState {
     fn down(
@@ -40,20 +40,33 @@ impl TouchHandler for WinitState {
 
         // Update the state of the point.
         let location = LogicalPosition::<f64>::from(position);
+        // Only update primary finger once we don't have any touch.
+        if seat_state.touch_map.is_empty() {
+            seat_state.first_touch_id = Some(id);
+        }
+        let primary = seat_state.first_touch_id == Some(id);
         seat_state.touch_map.insert(id, TouchPoint { surface, location });
 
+        let position = location.to_physical(scale_factor);
+        let finger_id = FingerId::from_raw(id as usize);
+
         self.events_sink.push_window_event(
-            WindowEvent::Touch(Touch {
-                device_id: crate::event::DeviceId(crate::platform_impl::DeviceId::Wayland(
-                    DeviceId,
-                )),
-                phase: TouchPhase::Started,
-                location: location.to_physical(scale_factor),
-                force: None,
-                finger_id: crate::event::FingerId(crate::platform_impl::FingerId::Wayland(
-                    FingerId(id),
-                )),
-            }),
+            WindowEvent::PointerEntered {
+                device_id: None,
+                primary,
+                position,
+                kind: PointerKind::Touch(finger_id),
+            },
+            window_id,
+        );
+        self.events_sink.push_window_event(
+            WindowEvent::PointerButton {
+                device_id: None,
+                primary,
+                state: ElementState::Pressed,
+                position,
+                button: ButtonSource::Touch { finger_id, force: None },
+            },
             window_id,
         );
     }
@@ -81,24 +94,41 @@ impl TouchHandler for WinitState {
             None => return,
         };
 
+        // Update the primary touch point.
+        let primary = seat_state.first_touch_id == Some(id);
+        // Reset primary finger once all the other fingers are lifted to not transfer primary
+        // finger to some other finger and still accept it when it's briefly moved between the
+        // windows.
+        if seat_state.touch_map.is_empty() {
+            seat_state.first_touch_id = None;
+        }
+
         let window_id = wayland::make_wid(&touch_point.surface);
         let scale_factor = match self.windows.get_mut().get(&window_id) {
             Some(window) => window.lock().unwrap().scale_factor(),
             None => return,
         };
 
+        let position = touch_point.location.to_physical(scale_factor);
+        let finger_id = FingerId::from_raw(id as usize);
+
         self.events_sink.push_window_event(
-            WindowEvent::Touch(Touch {
-                device_id: crate::event::DeviceId(crate::platform_impl::DeviceId::Wayland(
-                    DeviceId,
-                )),
-                phase: TouchPhase::Ended,
-                location: touch_point.location.to_physical(scale_factor),
-                force: None,
-                finger_id: crate::event::FingerId(crate::platform_impl::FingerId::Wayland(
-                    FingerId(id),
-                )),
-            }),
+            WindowEvent::PointerButton {
+                device_id: None,
+                primary,
+                state: ElementState::Released,
+                position,
+                button: ButtonSource::Touch { finger_id, force: None },
+            },
+            window_id,
+        );
+        self.events_sink.push_window_event(
+            WindowEvent::PointerLeft {
+                device_id: None,
+                primary,
+                position: Some(position),
+                kind: PointerKind::Touch(finger_id),
+            },
             window_id,
         );
     }
@@ -126,6 +156,8 @@ impl TouchHandler for WinitState {
             None => return,
         };
 
+        let primary = seat_state.first_touch_id == Some(id);
+
         let window_id = wayland::make_wid(&touch_point.surface);
         let scale_factor = match self.windows.get_mut().get(&window_id) {
             Some(window) => window.lock().unwrap().scale_factor(),
@@ -135,17 +167,15 @@ impl TouchHandler for WinitState {
         touch_point.location = LogicalPosition::<f64>::from(position);
 
         self.events_sink.push_window_event(
-            WindowEvent::Touch(Touch {
-                device_id: crate::event::DeviceId(crate::platform_impl::DeviceId::Wayland(
-                    DeviceId,
-                )),
-                phase: TouchPhase::Moved,
-                location: touch_point.location.to_physical(scale_factor),
-                force: None,
-                finger_id: crate::event::FingerId(crate::platform_impl::FingerId::Wayland(
-                    FingerId(id),
-                )),
-            }),
+            WindowEvent::PointerMoved {
+                device_id: None,
+                primary,
+                position: touch_point.location.to_physical(scale_factor),
+                source: PointerSource::Touch {
+                    finger_id: FingerId::from_raw(id as usize),
+                    force: None,
+                },
+            },
             window_id,
         );
     }
@@ -166,23 +196,21 @@ impl TouchHandler for WinitState {
                 None => return,
             };
 
-            let location = touch_point.location.to_physical(scale_factor);
+            let primary = seat_state.first_touch_id == Some(id);
+            let position = touch_point.location.to_physical(scale_factor);
 
             self.events_sink.push_window_event(
-                WindowEvent::Touch(Touch {
-                    device_id: crate::event::DeviceId(crate::platform_impl::DeviceId::Wayland(
-                        DeviceId,
-                    )),
-                    phase: TouchPhase::Cancelled,
-                    location,
-                    force: None,
-                    finger_id: crate::event::FingerId(crate::platform_impl::FingerId::Wayland(
-                        FingerId(id),
-                    )),
-                }),
+                WindowEvent::PointerLeft {
+                    device_id: None,
+                    primary,
+                    position: Some(position),
+                    kind: PointerKind::Touch(FingerId::from_raw(id as usize)),
+                },
                 window_id,
             );
         }
+
+        seat_state.first_touch_id = None;
     }
 
     fn shape(

src/platform_impl/linux/wayland/state.rs

@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ use sctk::shm::slot::SlotPool;
 use sctk::shm::{Shm, ShmHandler};
 use sctk::subcompositor::SubcompositorState;
 
+use crate::error::OsError;
 use crate::platform_impl::wayland::event_loop::sink::EventSink;
 use crate::platform_impl::wayland::output::MonitorHandle;
 use crate::platform_impl::wayland::seat::{
@@ -32,8 +33,7 @@ use crate::platform_impl::wayland::types::wp_fractional_scaling::FractionalScali
 use crate::platform_impl::wayland::types::wp_viewporter::ViewporterState;
 use crate::platform_impl::wayland::types::xdg_activation::XdgActivationState;
 use crate::platform_impl::wayland::window::{WindowRequests, WindowState};
-use crate::platform_impl::wayland::{WaylandError, WindowId};
-use crate::platform_impl::OsError;
+use crate::platform_impl::wayland::WindowId;
 
 /// Winit's Wayland state.
 pub struct WinitState {
@@ -126,7 +126,7 @@ impl WinitState {
     ) -> Result<Self, OsError> {
         let registry_state = RegistryState::new(globals);
         let compositor_state =
-            CompositorState::bind(globals, queue_handle).map_err(WaylandError::Bind)?;
+            CompositorState::bind(globals, queue_handle).map_err(|err| os_error!(err))?;
         let subcompositor_state = match SubcompositorState::bind(
             compositor_state.wl_compositor().clone(),
             globals,
@@ -156,7 +156,7 @@ impl WinitState {
                 (None, None)
             };
 
-        let shm = Shm::bind(globals, queue_handle).map_err(WaylandError::Bind)?;
+        let shm = Shm::bind(globals, queue_handle).map_err(|err| os_error!(err))?;
         let custom_cursor_pool = Arc::new(Mutex::new(SlotPool::new(2, &shm).unwrap()));
 
         Ok(Self {
@@ -168,7 +168,7 @@ impl WinitState {
             shm,
             custom_cursor_pool,
 
-            xdg_shell: XdgShell::bind(globals, queue_handle).map_err(WaylandError::Bind)?,
+            xdg_shell: XdgShell::bind(globals, queue_handle).map_err(|err| os_error!(err))?,
             xdg_activation: XdgActivationState::bind(globals, queue_handle).ok(),
 
             windows: Default::default(),

src/platform_impl/linux/wayland/types/xdg_activation.rs

@@ -14,8 +14,7 @@ use sctk::reexports::protocols::xdg::activation::v1::client::xdg_activation_v1::
 
 use crate::event_loop::AsyncRequestSerial;
 use crate::platform_impl::wayland::state::WinitState;
-use crate::platform_impl::WindowId;
-use crate::window::ActivationToken;
+use crate::window::{ActivationToken, WindowId};
 
 pub struct XdgActivationState {
     xdg_activation: XdgActivationV1,

src/platform_impl/linux/wayland/window/mod.rs

@@ -16,17 +16,17 @@ use super::event_loop::sink::EventSink;
 use super::output::MonitorHandle;
 use super::state::WinitState;
 use super::types::xdg_activation::XdgActivationTokenData;
-use super::{ActiveEventLoop, WaylandError, WindowId};
-use crate::dpi::{LogicalSize, PhysicalPosition, PhysicalSize, Position, Size};
-use crate::error::{ExternalError, NotSupportedError, OsError as RootOsError};
+use super::ActiveEventLoop;
+use crate::dpi::{LogicalSize, PhysicalInsets, PhysicalPosition, PhysicalSize, Position, Size};
+use crate::error::{NotSupportedError, RequestError};
 use crate::event::{Ime, WindowEvent};
 use crate::event_loop::AsyncRequestSerial;
-use crate::platform_impl::{
-    Fullscreen, MonitorHandle as PlatformMonitorHandle, OsError, PlatformIcon,
-};
+use crate::monitor::MonitorHandle as CoreMonitorHandle;
+use crate::platform_impl::{Fullscreen, MonitorHandle as PlatformMonitorHandle};
 use crate::window::{
-    Cursor, CursorGrabMode, ImePurpose, ResizeDirection, Theme, UserAttentionType,
-    WindowAttributes, WindowButtons, WindowLevel,
+    Cursor, CursorGrabMode, Fullscreen as CoreFullscreen, ImePurpose, ResizeDirection, Theme,
+    UserAttentionType, Window as CoreWindow, WindowAttributes, WindowButtons, WindowId,
+    WindowLevel,
 };
 
 pub(crate) mod state;
@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ impl Window {
     pub(crate) fn new(
         event_loop_window_target: &ActiveEventLoop,
         attributes: WindowAttributes,
-    ) -> Result<Self, RootOsError> {
+    ) -> Result<Self, RequestError> {
         let queue_handle = event_loop_window_target.queue_handle.clone();
         let mut state = event_loop_window_target.state.borrow_mut();
 
@@ -87,9 +87,9 @@ impl Window {
         let compositor = state.compositor_state.clone();
         let xdg_activation =
             state.xdg_activation.as_ref().map(|activation_state| activation_state.global().clone());
-        let display = event_loop_window_target.connection.display();
+        let display = event_loop_window_target.handle.connection.display();
 
-        let size: Size = attributes.inner_size.unwrap_or(LogicalSize::new(800., 600.).into());
+        let size: Size = attributes.surface_size.unwrap_or(LogicalSize::new(800., 600.).into());
 
         // We prefer server side decorations, however to not have decorations we ask for client
         // side decorations instead.
@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ impl Window {
             state.xdg_shell.create_window(surface.clone(), default_decorations, &queue_handle);
 
         let mut window_state = WindowState::new(
-            event_loop_window_target.connection.clone(),
+            event_loop_window_target.handle.clone(),
             &event_loop_window_target.queue_handle,
             &state,
             size,
@@ -129,10 +129,10 @@ impl Window {
 
         // Set the min and max sizes. We must set the hints upon creating a window, so
         // we use the default `1.` scaling...
-        let min_size = attributes.min_inner_size.map(|size| size.to_logical(1.));
-        let max_size = attributes.max_inner_size.map(|size| size.to_logical(1.));
-        window_state.set_min_inner_size(min_size);
-        window_state.set_max_inner_size(max_size);
+        let min_size = attributes.min_surface_size.map(|size| size.to_logical(1.));
+        let max_size = attributes.max_surface_size.map(|size| size.to_logical(1.));
+        window_state.set_min_surface_size(min_size);
+        window_state.set_max_surface_size(max_size);
 
         // Non-resizable implies that the min and max sizes are set to the same value.
         window_state.set_resizable(attributes.resizable);
@@ -190,15 +190,11 @@ impl Window {
         let event_queue = wayland_source.queue();
 
         // Do a roundtrip.
-        event_queue.roundtrip(&mut state).map_err(|error| {
-            os_error!(OsError::WaylandError(Arc::new(WaylandError::Dispatch(error))))
-        })?;
+        event_queue.roundtrip(&mut state).map_err(|err| os_error!(err))?;
 
         // XXX Wait for the initial configure to arrive.
         while !window_state.lock().unwrap().is_configured() {
-            event_queue.blocking_dispatch(&mut state).map_err(|error| {
-                os_error!(OsError::WaylandError(Arc::new(WaylandError::Dispatch(error))))
-            })?;
+            event_queue.blocking_dispatch(&mut state).map_err(|err| os_error!(err))?;
         }
 
         // Wake-up event loop, so it'll send initial redraw requested.
@@ -223,51 +219,63 @@ impl Window {
 }
 
 impl Window {
+    pub fn request_activation_token(&self) -> Result<AsyncRequestSerial, RequestError> {
+        let xdg_activation = match self.xdg_activation.as_ref() {
+            Some(xdg_activation) => xdg_activation,
+            None => return Err(NotSupportedError::new("xdg_activation_v1 is not available").into()),
+        };
+
+        let serial = AsyncRequestSerial::get();
+
+        let data = XdgActivationTokenData::Obtain((self.window_id, serial));
+        let xdg_activation_token = xdg_activation.get_activation_token(&self.queue_handle, data);
+        xdg_activation_token.set_surface(self.surface());
+        xdg_activation_token.commit();
+
+        Ok(serial)
+    }
+
     #[inline]
-    pub fn id(&self) -> WindowId {
+    pub fn surface(&self) -> &WlSurface {
+        self.window.wl_surface()
+    }
+}
+
+impl Drop for Window {
+    fn drop(&mut self) {
+        self.window_requests.closed.store(true, Ordering::Relaxed);
+        self.event_loop_awakener.ping();
+    }
+}
+
+impl rwh_06::HasWindowHandle for Window {
+    fn window_handle(&self) -> Result<rwh_06::WindowHandle<'_>, rwh_06::HandleError> {
+        let raw = rwh_06::WaylandWindowHandle::new({
+            let ptr = self.window.wl_surface().id().as_ptr();
+            std::ptr::NonNull::new(ptr as *mut _).expect("wl_surface will never be null")
+        });
+
+        unsafe { Ok(rwh_06::WindowHandle::borrow_raw(raw.into())) }
+    }
+}
+
+impl rwh_06::HasDisplayHandle for Window {
+    fn display_handle(&self) -> Result<rwh_06::DisplayHandle<'_>, rwh_06::HandleError> {
+        let raw = rwh_06::WaylandDisplayHandle::new({
+            let ptr = self.display.id().as_ptr();
+            std::ptr::NonNull::new(ptr as *mut _).expect("wl_proxy should never be null")
+        });
+
+        unsafe { Ok(rwh_06::DisplayHandle::borrow_raw(raw.into())) }
+    }
+}
+
+impl CoreWindow for Window {
+    fn id(&self) -> WindowId {
         self.window_id
     }
 
-    #[inline]
-    pub fn set_title(&self, title: impl ToString) {
-        let new_title = title.to_string();
-        self.window_state.lock().unwrap().set_title(new_title);
-    }
-
-    #[inline]
-    pub fn set_visible(&self, _visible: bool) {
-        // Not possible on Wayland.
-    }
-
-    #[inline]
-    pub fn is_visible(&self) -> Option<bool> {
-        None
-    }
-
-    #[inline]
-    pub fn outer_position(&self) -> Result<PhysicalPosition<i32>, NotSupportedError> {
-        Err(NotSupportedError::new())
-    }
-
-    #[inline]
-    pub fn inner_position(&self) -> Result<PhysicalPosition<i32>, NotSupportedError> {
-        Err(NotSupportedError::new())
-    }
-
-    #[inline]
-    pub fn set_outer_position(&self, _: Position) {
-        // Not possible on Wayland.
-    }
-
-    #[inline]
-    pub fn inner_size(&self) -> PhysicalSize<u32> {
-        let window_state = self.window_state.lock().unwrap();
-        let scale_factor = window_state.scale_factor();
-        super::logical_to_physical_rounded(window_state.inner_size(), scale_factor)
-    }
-
-    #[inline]
-    pub fn request_redraw(&self) {
+    fn request_redraw(&self) {
         // NOTE: try to not wake up the loop when the event was already scheduled and not yet
         // processed by the loop, because if at this point the value was `true` it could only
         // mean that the loop still haven't dispatched the value to the client and will do
@@ -283,135 +291,119 @@ impl Window {
     }
 
     #[inline]
-    pub fn pre_present_notify(&self) {
+    fn title(&self) -> String {
+        self.window_state.lock().unwrap().title().to_owned()
+    }
+
+    fn pre_present_notify(&self) {
         self.window_state.lock().unwrap().request_frame_callback();
     }
 
-    #[inline]
-    pub fn outer_size(&self) -> PhysicalSize<u32> {
+    fn reset_dead_keys(&self) {
+        crate::platform_impl::common::xkb::reset_dead_keys()
+    }
+
+    fn surface_position(&self) -> PhysicalPosition<i32> {
+        (0, 0).into()
+    }
+
+    fn outer_position(&self) -> Result<PhysicalPosition<i32>, RequestError> {
+        Err(NotSupportedError::new("window position information is not available on Wayland")
+            .into())
+    }
+
+    fn set_outer_position(&self, _position: Position) {
+        // Not possible.
+    }
+
+    fn surface_size(&self) -> PhysicalSize<u32> {
+        let window_state = self.window_state.lock().unwrap();
+        let scale_factor = window_state.scale_factor();
+        super::logical_to_physical_rounded(window_state.surface_size(), scale_factor)
+    }
+
+    fn request_surface_size(&self, size: Size) -> Option<PhysicalSize<u32>> {
+        let mut window_state = self.window_state.lock().unwrap();
+        let new_size = window_state.request_surface_size(size);
+        self.request_redraw();
+        Some(new_size)
+    }
+
+    fn outer_size(&self) -> PhysicalSize<u32> {
         let window_state = self.window_state.lock().unwrap();
         let scale_factor = window_state.scale_factor();
         super::logical_to_physical_rounded(window_state.outer_size(), scale_factor)
     }
 
-    #[inline]
-    pub fn request_inner_size(&self, size: Size) -> Option<PhysicalSize<u32>> {
-        let mut window_state = self.window_state.lock().unwrap();
-        let new_size = window_state.request_inner_size(size);
-        self.request_redraw();
-        Some(new_size)
+    fn safe_area(&self) -> PhysicalInsets<u32> {
+        PhysicalInsets::new(0, 0, 0, 0)
     }
 
-    /// Set the minimum inner size for the window.
-    #[inline]
-    pub fn set_min_inner_size(&self, min_size: Option<Size>) {
+    fn set_min_surface_size(&self, min_size: Option<Size>) {
         let scale_factor = self.scale_factor();
         let min_size = min_size.map(|size| size.to_logical(scale_factor));
-        self.window_state.lock().unwrap().set_min_inner_size(min_size);
+        self.window_state.lock().unwrap().set_min_surface_size(min_size);
         // NOTE: Requires commit to be applied.
         self.request_redraw();
     }
 
-    /// Set the maximum inner size for the window.
+    /// Set the maximum surface size for the window.
     #[inline]
-    pub fn set_max_inner_size(&self, max_size: Option<Size>) {
+    fn set_max_surface_size(&self, max_size: Option<Size>) {
         let scale_factor = self.scale_factor();
         let max_size = max_size.map(|size| size.to_logical(scale_factor));
-        self.window_state.lock().unwrap().set_max_inner_size(max_size);
+        self.window_state.lock().unwrap().set_max_surface_size(max_size);
         // NOTE: Requires commit to be applied.
         self.request_redraw();
     }
 
-    #[inline]
-    pub fn resize_increments(&self) -> Option<PhysicalSize<u32>> {
+    fn surface_resize_increments(&self) -> Option<PhysicalSize<u32>> {
         None
     }
 
-    #[inline]
-    pub fn set_resize_increments(&self, _increments: Option<Size>) {
-        warn!("`set_resize_increments` is not implemented for Wayland");
+    fn set_surface_resize_increments(&self, _increments: Option<Size>) {
+        warn!("`set_surface_resize_increments` is not implemented for Wayland");
+    }
+
+    fn set_title(&self, title: &str) {
+        let new_title = title.to_string();
+        self.window_state.lock().unwrap().set_title(new_title);
     }
 
     #[inline]
-    pub fn set_transparent(&self, transparent: bool) {
+    fn set_transparent(&self, transparent: bool) {
         self.window_state.lock().unwrap().set_transparent(transparent);
     }
 
-    #[inline]
-    pub fn has_focus(&self) -> bool {
-        self.window_state.lock().unwrap().has_focus()
+    fn set_visible(&self, _visible: bool) {
+        // Not possible on Wayland.
     }
 
-    #[inline]
-    pub fn is_minimized(&self) -> Option<bool> {
-        // XXX clients don't know whether they are minimized or not.
+    fn is_visible(&self) -> Option<bool> {
         None
     }
 
-    #[inline]
-    pub fn show_window_menu(&self, position: Position) {
-        let scale_factor = self.scale_factor();
-        let position = position.to_logical(scale_factor);
-        self.window_state.lock().unwrap().show_window_menu(position);
-    }
-
-    #[inline]
-    pub fn drag_resize_window(&self, direction: ResizeDirection) -> Result<(), ExternalError> {
-        self.window_state.lock().unwrap().drag_resize_window(direction)
-    }
-
-    #[inline]
-    pub fn set_resizable(&self, resizable: bool) {
+    fn set_resizable(&self, resizable: bool) {
         if self.window_state.lock().unwrap().set_resizable(resizable) {
             // NOTE: Requires commit to be applied.
             self.request_redraw();
         }
     }
 
-    #[inline]
-    pub fn is_resizable(&self) -> bool {
+    fn is_resizable(&self) -> bool {
         self.window_state.lock().unwrap().resizable()
     }
 
-    #[inline]
-    pub fn set_enabled_buttons(&self, _buttons: WindowButtons) {
+    fn set_enabled_buttons(&self, _buttons: WindowButtons) {
         // TODO(kchibisov) v5 of the xdg_shell allows that.
     }
 
-    #[inline]
-    pub fn enabled_buttons(&self) -> WindowButtons {
+    fn enabled_buttons(&self) -> WindowButtons {
         // TODO(kchibisov) v5 of the xdg_shell allows that.
         WindowButtons::all()
     }
 
-    #[inline]
-    pub fn scale_factor(&self) -> f64 {
-        self.window_state.lock().unwrap().scale_factor()
-    }
-
-    #[inline]
-    pub fn set_blur(&self, blur: bool) {
-        self.window_state.lock().unwrap().set_blur(blur);
-    }
-
-    #[inline]
-    pub fn set_decorations(&self, decorate: bool) {
-        self.window_state.lock().unwrap().set_decorate(decorate)
-    }
-
-    #[inline]
-    pub fn is_decorated(&self) -> bool {
-        self.window_state.lock().unwrap().is_decorated()
-    }
-
-    #[inline]
-    pub fn set_window_level(&self, _level: WindowLevel) {}
-
-    #[inline]
-    pub(crate) fn set_window_icon(&self, _window_icon: Option<PlatformIcon>) {}
-
-    #[inline]
-    pub fn set_minimized(&self, minimized: bool) {
+    fn set_minimized(&self, minimized: bool) {
         // You can't unminimize the window on Wayland.
         if !minimized {
             warn!("Unminimizing is ignored on Wayland.");
@@ -421,8 +413,20 @@ impl Window {
         self.window.set_minimized();
     }
 
-    #[inline]
-    pub fn is_maximized(&self) -> bool {
+    fn is_minimized(&self) -> Option<bool> {
+        // XXX clients don't know whether they are minimized or not.
+        None
+    }
+
+    fn set_maximized(&self, maximized: bool) {
+        if maximized {
+            self.window.set_maximized()
+        } else {
+            self.window.unset_maximized()
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn is_maximized(&self) -> bool {
         self.window_state
             .lock()
             .unwrap()
@@ -432,43 +436,14 @@ impl Window {
             .unwrap_or_default()
     }
 
-    #[inline]
-    pub fn set_maximized(&self, maximized: bool) {
-        if maximized {
-            self.window.set_maximized()
-        } else {
-            self.window.unset_maximized()
-        }
-    }
-
-    #[inline]
-    pub(crate) fn fullscreen(&self) -> Option<Fullscreen> {
-        let is_fullscreen = self
-            .window_state
-            .lock()
-            .unwrap()
-            .last_configure
-            .as_ref()
-            .map(|last_configure| last_configure.is_fullscreen())
-            .unwrap_or_default();
-
-        if is_fullscreen {
-            let current_monitor = self.current_monitor().map(PlatformMonitorHandle::Wayland);
-            Some(Fullscreen::Borderless(current_monitor))
-        } else {
-            None
-        }
-    }
-
-    #[inline]
-    pub(crate) fn set_fullscreen(&self, fullscreen: Option<Fullscreen>) {
+    fn set_fullscreen(&self, fullscreen: Option<CoreFullscreen>) {
         match fullscreen {
-            Some(Fullscreen::Exclusive(_)) => {
+            Some(CoreFullscreen::Exclusive(_)) => {
                 warn!("`Fullscreen::Exclusive` is ignored on Wayland");
             },
             #[cfg_attr(not(x11_platform), allow(clippy::bind_instead_of_map))]
-            Some(Fullscreen::Borderless(monitor)) => {
-                let output = monitor.and_then(|monitor| match monitor {
+            Some(CoreFullscreen::Borderless(monitor)) => {
+                let output = monitor.and_then(|monitor| match monitor.inner {
                     PlatformMonitorHandle::Wayland(monitor) => Some(monitor.proxy),
                     #[cfg(x11_platform)]
                     PlatformMonitorHandle::X(_) => None,
@@ -480,22 +455,82 @@ impl Window {
         }
     }
 
-    #[inline]
-    pub fn set_cursor(&self, cursor: Cursor) {
-        let window_state = &mut self.window_state.lock().unwrap();
+    fn fullscreen(&self) -> Option<CoreFullscreen> {
+        let is_fullscreen = self
+            .window_state
+            .lock()
+            .unwrap()
+            .last_configure
+            .as_ref()
+            .map(|last_configure| last_configure.is_fullscreen())
+            .unwrap_or_default();
 
-        match cursor {
-            Cursor::Icon(icon) => window_state.set_cursor(icon),
-            Cursor::Custom(cursor) => window_state.set_custom_cursor(cursor),
+        if is_fullscreen {
+            let current_monitor = self.current_monitor();
+            Some(CoreFullscreen::Borderless(current_monitor))
+        } else {
+            None
         }
     }
 
     #[inline]
-    pub fn set_cursor_visible(&self, visible: bool) {
-        self.window_state.lock().unwrap().set_cursor_visible(visible);
+    fn scale_factor(&self) -> f64 {
+        self.window_state.lock().unwrap().scale_factor()
     }
 
-    pub fn request_user_attention(&self, request_type: Option<UserAttentionType>) {
+    #[inline]
+    fn set_blur(&self, blur: bool) {
+        self.window_state.lock().unwrap().set_blur(blur);
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn set_decorations(&self, decorate: bool) {
+        self.window_state.lock().unwrap().set_decorate(decorate)
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn is_decorated(&self) -> bool {
+        self.window_state.lock().unwrap().is_decorated()
+    }
+
+    fn set_window_level(&self, _level: WindowLevel) {}
+
+    fn set_window_icon(&self, _window_icon: Option<crate::window::Icon>) {}
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn set_ime_cursor_area(&self, position: Position, size: Size) {
+        let window_state = self.window_state.lock().unwrap();
+        if window_state.ime_allowed() {
+            let scale_factor = window_state.scale_factor();
+            let position = position.to_logical(scale_factor);
+            let size = size.to_logical(scale_factor);
+            window_state.set_ime_cursor_area(position, size);
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn set_ime_allowed(&self, allowed: bool) {
+        let mut window_state = self.window_state.lock().unwrap();
+
+        if window_state.ime_allowed() != allowed && window_state.set_ime_allowed(allowed) {
+            let event = WindowEvent::Ime(if allowed { Ime::Enabled } else { Ime::Disabled });
+            self.window_events_sink.lock().unwrap().push_window_event(event, self.window_id);
+            self.event_loop_awakener.ping();
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn set_ime_purpose(&self, purpose: ImePurpose) {
+        self.window_state.lock().unwrap().set_ime_purpose(purpose);
+    }
+
+    fn focus_window(&self) {}
+
+    fn has_focus(&self) -> bool {
+        self.window_state.lock().unwrap().has_focus()
+    }
+
+    fn request_user_attention(&self, request_type: Option<UserAttentionType>) {
         let xdg_activation = match self.xdg_activation.as_ref() {
             Some(xdg_activation) => xdg_activation,
             None => {
@@ -521,29 +556,26 @@ impl Window {
         xdg_activation_token.commit();
     }
 
-    pub fn request_activation_token(&self) -> Result<AsyncRequestSerial, NotSupportedError> {
-        let xdg_activation = match self.xdg_activation.as_ref() {
-            Some(xdg_activation) => xdg_activation,
-            None => return Err(NotSupportedError::new()),
-        };
-
-        let serial = AsyncRequestSerial::get();
-
-        let data = XdgActivationTokenData::Obtain((self.window_id, serial));
-        let xdg_activation_token = xdg_activation.get_activation_token(&self.queue_handle, data);
-        xdg_activation_token.set_surface(self.surface());
-        xdg_activation_token.commit();
-
-        Ok(serial)
+    fn set_theme(&self, theme: Option<Theme>) {
+        self.window_state.lock().unwrap().set_theme(theme)
     }
 
-    #[inline]
-    pub fn set_cursor_grab(&self, mode: CursorGrabMode) -> Result<(), ExternalError> {
-        self.window_state.lock().unwrap().set_cursor_grab(mode)
+    fn theme(&self) -> Option<Theme> {
+        self.window_state.lock().unwrap().theme()
     }
 
-    #[inline]
-    pub fn set_cursor_position(&self, position: Position) -> Result<(), ExternalError> {
+    fn set_content_protected(&self, _protected: bool) {}
+
+    fn set_cursor(&self, cursor: Cursor) {
+        let window_state = &mut self.window_state.lock().unwrap();
+
+        match cursor {
+            Cursor::Icon(icon) => window_state.set_cursor(icon),
+            Cursor::Custom(cursor) => window_state.set_custom_cursor(cursor),
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn set_cursor_position(&self, position: Position) -> Result<(), RequestError> {
         let scale_factor = self.scale_factor();
         let position = position.to_logical(scale_factor);
         self.window_state
@@ -554,124 +586,76 @@ impl Window {
             .map(|_| self.request_redraw())
     }
 
-    #[inline]
-    pub fn drag_window(&self) -> Result<(), ExternalError> {
+    fn set_cursor_grab(&self, mode: CursorGrabMode) -> Result<(), RequestError> {
+        self.window_state.lock().unwrap().set_cursor_grab(mode)
+    }
+
+    fn set_cursor_visible(&self, visible: bool) {
+        self.window_state.lock().unwrap().set_cursor_visible(visible);
+    }
+
+    fn drag_window(&self) -> Result<(), RequestError> {
         self.window_state.lock().unwrap().drag_window()
     }
 
-    #[inline]
-    pub fn set_cursor_hittest(&self, hittest: bool) -> Result<(), ExternalError> {
+    fn drag_resize_window(&self, direction: ResizeDirection) -> Result<(), RequestError> {
+        self.window_state.lock().unwrap().drag_resize_window(direction)
+    }
+
+    fn show_window_menu(&self, position: Position) {
+        let scale_factor = self.scale_factor();
+        let position = position.to_logical(scale_factor);
+        self.window_state.lock().unwrap().show_window_menu(position);
+    }
+
+    fn set_cursor_hittest(&self, hittest: bool) -> Result<(), RequestError> {
         let surface = self.window.wl_surface();
 
         if hittest {
             surface.set_input_region(None);
             Ok(())
         } else {
-            let region = Region::new(&*self.compositor).map_err(|_| {
-                ExternalError::Os(os_error!(OsError::Misc("failed to set input region.")))
-            })?;
+            let region = Region::new(&*self.compositor).map_err(|err| os_error!(err))?;
             region.add(0, 0, 0, 0);
             surface.set_input_region(Some(region.wl_region()));
             Ok(())
         }
     }
 
-    #[inline]
-    pub fn set_ime_cursor_area(&self, position: Position, size: Size) {
-        let window_state = self.window_state.lock().unwrap();
-        if window_state.ime_allowed() {
-            let scale_factor = window_state.scale_factor();
-            let position = position.to_logical(scale_factor);
-            let size = size.to_logical(scale_factor);
-            window_state.set_ime_cursor_area(position, size);
-        }
-    }
-
-    #[inline]
-    pub fn set_ime_allowed(&self, allowed: bool) {
-        let mut window_state = self.window_state.lock().unwrap();
-
-        if window_state.ime_allowed() != allowed && window_state.set_ime_allowed(allowed) {
-            let event = WindowEvent::Ime(if allowed { Ime::Enabled } else { Ime::Disabled });
-            self.window_events_sink.lock().unwrap().push_window_event(event, self.window_id);
-            self.event_loop_awakener.ping();
-        }
-    }
-
-    #[inline]
-    pub fn set_ime_purpose(&self, purpose: ImePurpose) {
-        self.window_state.lock().unwrap().set_ime_purpose(purpose);
-    }
-
-    #[inline]
-    pub fn focus_window(&self) {}
-
-    #[inline]
-    pub fn surface(&self) -> &WlSurface {
-        self.window.wl_surface()
-    }
-
-    #[inline]
-    pub fn current_monitor(&self) -> Option<MonitorHandle> {
+    fn current_monitor(&self) -> Option<CoreMonitorHandle> {
         let data = self.window.wl_surface().data::<SurfaceData>()?;
-        data.outputs().next().map(MonitorHandle::new)
+        data.outputs()
+            .next()
+            .map(MonitorHandle::new)
+            .map(crate::platform_impl::MonitorHandle::Wayland)
+            .map(|inner| CoreMonitorHandle { inner })
     }
 
-    #[inline]
-    pub fn available_monitors(&self) -> Vec<MonitorHandle> {
-        self.monitors.lock().unwrap().clone()
+    fn available_monitors(&self) -> Box<dyn Iterator<Item = CoreMonitorHandle>> {
+        Box::new(
+            self.monitors
+                .lock()
+                .unwrap()
+                .clone()
+                .into_iter()
+                .map(crate::platform_impl::MonitorHandle::Wayland)
+                .map(|inner| CoreMonitorHandle { inner }),
+        )
     }
 
-    #[inline]
-    pub fn primary_monitor(&self) -> Option<MonitorHandle> {
-        // XXX there's no such concept on Wayland.
+    fn primary_monitor(&self) -> Option<CoreMonitorHandle> {
+        // NOTE: There's no such concept on Wayland.
         None
     }
 
-    #[cfg(feature = "rwh_06")]
-    #[inline]
-    pub fn raw_window_handle_rwh_06(&self) -> Result<rwh_06::RawWindowHandle, rwh_06::HandleError> {
-        Ok(rwh_06::WaylandWindowHandle::new({
-            let ptr = self.window.wl_surface().id().as_ptr();
-            std::ptr::NonNull::new(ptr as *mut _).expect("wl_surface will never be null")
-        })
-        .into())
+    /// Get the raw-window-handle v0.6 display handle.
+    fn rwh_06_display_handle(&self) -> &dyn rwh_06::HasDisplayHandle {
+        self
     }
 
-    #[cfg(feature = "rwh_06")]
-    #[inline]
-    pub fn raw_display_handle_rwh_06(
-        &self,
-    ) -> Result<rwh_06::RawDisplayHandle, rwh_06::HandleError> {
-        Ok(rwh_06::WaylandDisplayHandle::new({
-            let ptr = self.display.id().as_ptr();
-            std::ptr::NonNull::new(ptr as *mut _).expect("wl_proxy should never be null")
-        })
-        .into())
-    }
-
-    #[inline]
-    pub fn set_theme(&self, theme: Option<Theme>) {
-        self.window_state.lock().unwrap().set_theme(theme)
-    }
-
-    #[inline]
-    pub fn theme(&self) -> Option<Theme> {
-        self.window_state.lock().unwrap().theme()
-    }
-
-    pub fn set_content_protected(&self, _protected: bool) {}
-
-    #[inline]
-    pub fn title(&self) -> String {
-        self.window_state.lock().unwrap().title().to_owned()
-    }
-}
-
-impl Drop for Window {
-    fn drop(&mut self) {
-        self.window_requests.closed.store(true, Ordering::Relaxed);
-        self.event_loop_awakener.ping();
+    /// Get the raw-window-handle v0.6 window handle.
+    fn rwh_06_window_handle(&self) -> &dyn rwh_06::HasWindowHandle {
+        self
     }
 }
 

src/platform_impl/linux/wayland/window/state.rs

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ use sctk::reexports::client::backend::ObjectId;
 use sctk::reexports::client::protocol::wl_seat::WlSeat;
 use sctk::reexports::client::protocol::wl_shm::WlShm;
 use sctk::reexports::client::protocol::wl_surface::WlSurface;
-use sctk::reexports::client::{Connection, Proxy, QueueHandle};
+use sctk::reexports::client::{Proxy, QueueHandle};
 use sctk::reexports::csd_frame::{
     DecorationsFrame, FrameAction, FrameClick, ResizeEdge, WindowState as XdgWindowState,
 };
@@ -30,7 +30,8 @@ use wayland_protocols_plasma::blur::client::org_kde_kwin_blur::OrgKdeKwinBlur;
 
 use crate::cursor::CustomCursor as RootCustomCursor;
 use crate::dpi::{LogicalPosition, LogicalSize, PhysicalSize, Size};
-use crate::error::{ExternalError, NotSupportedError};
+use crate::error::{NotSupportedError, RequestError};
+use crate::platform_impl::wayland::event_loop::OwnedDisplayHandle;
 use crate::platform_impl::wayland::logical_to_physical_rounded;
 use crate::platform_impl::wayland::seat::{
     PointerConstraintsState, WinitPointerData, WinitPointerDataExt, ZwpTextInputV3Ext,
@@ -38,21 +39,21 @@ use crate::platform_impl::wayland::seat::{
 use crate::platform_impl::wayland::state::{WindowCompositorUpdate, WinitState};
 use crate::platform_impl::wayland::types::cursor::{CustomCursor, SelectedCursor};
 use crate::platform_impl::wayland::types::kwin_blur::KWinBlurManager;
-use crate::platform_impl::{PlatformCustomCursor, WindowId};
-use crate::window::{CursorGrabMode, CursorIcon, ImePurpose, ResizeDirection, Theme};
+use crate::platform_impl::PlatformCustomCursor;
+use crate::window::{CursorGrabMode, CursorIcon, ImePurpose, ResizeDirection, Theme, WindowId};
 
 #[cfg(feature = "sctk-adwaita")]
 pub type WinitFrame = sctk_adwaita::AdwaitaFrame<WinitState>;
 #[cfg(not(feature = "sctk-adwaita"))]
 pub type WinitFrame = sctk::shell::xdg::fallback_frame::FallbackFrame<WinitState>;
 
-// Minimum window inner size.
+// Minimum window surface size.
 const MIN_WINDOW_SIZE: LogicalSize<u32> = LogicalSize::new(2, 1);
 
 /// The state of the window which is being updated from the [`WinitState`].
 pub struct WindowState {
     /// The connection to Wayland server.
-    pub connection: Connection,
+    pub handle: Arc<OwnedDisplayHandle>,
 
     /// The `Shm` to set cursor.
     pub shm: WlShm,
@@ -112,7 +113,7 @@ pub struct WindowState {
     /// The text inputs observed on the window.
     text_inputs: Vec<ZwpTextInputV3>,
 
-    /// The inner size of the window, as in without client side decorations.
+    /// The surface size of the window, as in without client side decorations.
     size: LogicalSize<u32>,
 
     /// Whether the CSD fail to create, so we don't try to create them on each iteration.
@@ -122,8 +123,8 @@ pub struct WindowState {
     decorate: bool,
 
     /// Min size.
-    min_inner_size: LogicalSize<u32>,
-    max_inner_size: Option<LogicalSize<u32>>,
+    min_surface_size: LogicalSize<u32>,
+    max_surface_size: Option<LogicalSize<u32>>,
 
     /// The size of the window when no states were applied to it. The primary use for it
     /// is to fallback to original window size, before it was maximized, if the compositor
@@ -161,7 +162,7 @@ pub struct WindowState {
 impl WindowState {
     /// Create new window state.
     pub fn new(
-        connection: Connection,
+        handle: Arc<OwnedDisplayHandle>,
         queue_handle: &QueueHandle<WinitState>,
         winit_state: &WinitState,
         initial_size: Size,
@@ -183,7 +184,7 @@ impl WindowState {
             blur: None,
             blur_manager: winit_state.kwin_blur_manager.clone(),
             compositor,
-            connection,
+            handle,
             csd_fails: false,
             cursor_grab_mode: GrabState::new(),
             selected_cursor: Default::default(),
@@ -197,8 +198,8 @@ impl WindowState {
             ime_allowed: false,
             ime_purpose: ImePurpose::Normal,
             last_configure: None,
-            max_inner_size: None,
-            min_inner_size: MIN_WINDOW_SIZE,
+            max_surface_size: None,
+            min_surface_size: MIN_WINDOW_SIZE,
             pointer_constraints,
             pointers: Default::default(),
             queue_handle: queue_handle.clone(),
@@ -328,7 +329,7 @@ impl WindowState {
 
         // Apply configure bounds only when compositor let the user decide what size to pick.
         if constrain {
-            let bounds = self.inner_size_bounds(&configure);
+            let bounds = self.surface_size_bounds(&configure);
             new_size.width =
                 bounds.0.map(|bound_w| new_size.width.min(bound_w.get())).unwrap_or(new_size.width);
             new_size.height = bounds
@@ -353,7 +354,7 @@ impl WindowState {
         // NOTE: Set the configure before doing a resize, since we query it during it.
         self.last_configure = Some(configure);
 
-        if state_change_requires_resize || new_size != self.inner_size() {
+        if state_change_requires_resize || new_size != self.surface_size() {
             self.resize(new_size);
             true
         } else {
@@ -361,8 +362,8 @@ impl WindowState {
         }
     }
 
-    /// Compute the bounds for the inner size of the surface.
-    fn inner_size_bounds(
+    /// Compute the bounds for the surface size of the surface.
+    fn surface_size_bounds(
         &self,
         configure: &WindowConfigure,
     ) -> (Option<NonZeroU32>, Option<NonZeroU32>) {
@@ -388,7 +389,7 @@ impl WindowState {
     }
 
     /// Start interacting drag resize.
-    pub fn drag_resize_window(&self, direction: ResizeDirection) -> Result<(), ExternalError> {
+    pub fn drag_resize_window(&self, direction: ResizeDirection) -> Result<(), RequestError> {
         let xdg_toplevel = self.window.xdg_toplevel();
 
         // TODO(kchibisov) handle touch serials.
@@ -402,7 +403,7 @@ impl WindowState {
     }
 
     /// Start the window drag.
-    pub fn drag_window(&self) -> Result<(), ExternalError> {
+    pub fn drag_window(&self) -> Result<(), RequestError> {
         let xdg_toplevel = self.window.xdg_toplevel();
         // TODO(kchibisov) handle touch serials.
         self.apply_on_pointer(|_, data| {
@@ -507,8 +508,8 @@ impl WindowState {
             // Restore min/max sizes of the window.
             self.reload_min_max_hints();
         } else {
-            self.set_min_inner_size(Some(self.size));
-            self.set_max_inner_size(Some(self.size));
+            self.set_min_surface_size(Some(self.size));
+            self.set_max_surface_size(Some(self.size));
         }
 
         // Reload the state on the frame as well.
@@ -533,7 +534,7 @@ impl WindowState {
 
     /// Get the size of the window.
     #[inline]
-    pub fn inner_size(&self) -> LogicalSize<u32> {
+    pub fn surface_size(&self) -> LogicalSize<u32> {
         self.size
     }
 
@@ -628,21 +629,21 @@ impl WindowState {
     }
 
     /// Try to resize the window when the user can do so.
-    pub fn request_inner_size(&mut self, inner_size: Size) -> PhysicalSize<u32> {
+    pub fn request_surface_size(&mut self, surface_size: Size) -> PhysicalSize<u32> {
         if self.last_configure.as_ref().map(Self::is_stateless).unwrap_or(true) {
-            self.resize(inner_size.to_logical(self.scale_factor()))
+            self.resize(surface_size.to_logical(self.scale_factor()))
         }
 
-        logical_to_physical_rounded(self.inner_size(), self.scale_factor())
+        logical_to_physical_rounded(self.surface_size(), self.scale_factor())
     }
 
-    /// Resize the window to the new inner size.
-    fn resize(&mut self, inner_size: LogicalSize<u32>) {
-        self.size = inner_size;
+    /// Resize the window to the new surface size.
+    fn resize(&mut self, surface_size: LogicalSize<u32>) {
+        self.size = surface_size;
 
         // Update the stateless size.
         if Some(true) == self.last_configure.as_ref().map(Self::is_stateless) {
-            self.stateless_size = inner_size;
+            self.stateless_size = surface_size;
         }
 
         // Update the inner frame.
@@ -673,7 +674,7 @@ impl WindowState {
 
         // Update the target viewport, this is used if and only if fractional scaling is in use.
         if let Some(viewport) = self.viewport.as_ref() {
-            // Set inner size without the borders.
+            // Set surface size without the borders.
             viewport.set_destination(self.size.width as _, self.size.height as _);
         }
     }
@@ -693,7 +694,7 @@ impl WindowState {
         }
 
         self.apply_on_pointer(|pointer, _| {
-            if pointer.set_cursor(&self.connection, cursor_icon).is_err() {
+            if pointer.set_cursor(&self.handle.connection, cursor_icon).is_err() {
                 warn!("Failed to set cursor to {:?}", cursor_icon);
             }
         })
@@ -753,7 +754,7 @@ impl WindowState {
     }
 
     /// Set maximum inner window size.
-    pub fn set_min_inner_size(&mut self, size: Option<LogicalSize<u32>>) {
+    pub fn set_min_surface_size(&mut self, size: Option<LogicalSize<u32>>) {
         // Ensure that the window has the right minimum size.
         let mut size = size.unwrap_or(MIN_WINDOW_SIZE);
         size.width = size.width.max(MIN_WINDOW_SIZE.width);
@@ -766,12 +767,12 @@ impl WindowState {
             .map(|frame| frame.add_borders(size.width, size.height).into())
             .unwrap_or(size);
 
-        self.min_inner_size = size;
+        self.min_surface_size = size;
         self.window.set_min_size(Some(size.into()));
     }
 
     /// Set maximum inner window size.
-    pub fn set_max_inner_size(&mut self, size: Option<LogicalSize<u32>>) {
+    pub fn set_max_surface_size(&mut self, size: Option<LogicalSize<u32>>) {
         let size = size.map(|size| {
             self.frame
                 .as_ref()
@@ -779,7 +780,7 @@ impl WindowState {
                 .unwrap_or(size)
         });
 
-        self.max_inner_size = size;
+        self.max_surface_size = size;
         self.window.set_max_size(size.map(Into::into));
     }
 
@@ -799,7 +800,7 @@ impl WindowState {
     }
 
     /// Set the cursor grabbing state on the top-level.
-    pub fn set_cursor_grab(&mut self, mode: CursorGrabMode) -> Result<(), ExternalError> {
+    pub fn set_cursor_grab(&mut self, mode: CursorGrabMode) -> Result<(), RequestError> {
         if self.cursor_grab_mode.user_grab_mode == mode {
             return Ok(());
         }
@@ -812,16 +813,20 @@ impl WindowState {
 
     /// Reload the hints for minimum and maximum sizes.
     pub fn reload_min_max_hints(&mut self) {
-        self.set_min_inner_size(Some(self.min_inner_size));
-        self.set_max_inner_size(self.max_inner_size);
+        self.set_min_surface_size(Some(self.min_surface_size));
+        self.set_max_surface_size(self.max_surface_size);
     }
 
     /// Set the grabbing state on the surface.
-    fn set_cursor_grab_inner(&mut self, mode: CursorGrabMode) -> Result<(), ExternalError> {
+    fn set_cursor_grab_inner(&mut self, mode: CursorGrabMode) -> Result<(), RequestError> {
         let pointer_constraints = match self.pointer_constraints.as_ref() {
             Some(pointer_constraints) => pointer_constraints,
             None if mode == CursorGrabMode::None => return Ok(()),
-            None => return Err(ExternalError::NotSupported(NotSupportedError::new())),
+            None => {
+                return Err(
+                    NotSupportedError::new("zwp_pointer_constraints is not available").into()
+                )
+            },
         };
 
         // Replace the current mode.
@@ -865,16 +870,17 @@ impl WindowState {
     }
 
     /// Set the position of the cursor.
-    pub fn set_cursor_position(&self, position: LogicalPosition<f64>) -> Result<(), ExternalError> {
+    pub fn set_cursor_position(&self, position: LogicalPosition<f64>) -> Result<(), RequestError> {
         if self.pointer_constraints.is_none() {
-            return Err(ExternalError::NotSupported(NotSupportedError::new()));
+            return Err(NotSupportedError::new("zwp_pointer_constraints is not available").into());
         }
 
         // Position can be set only for locked cursor.
         if self.cursor_grab_mode.current_grab_mode != CursorGrabMode::Locked {
-            return Err(ExternalError::Os(os_error!(crate::platform_impl::OsError::Misc(
-                "cursor position can be set only for locked cursor."
-            ))));
+            return Err(NotSupportedError::new(
+                "cursor position could only be changed for locked pointer",
+            )
+            .into());
         }
 
         self.apply_on_pointer(|_, data| {

src/platform_impl/linux/x11/activation.rs

@@ -165,14 +165,14 @@ fn push_display(buffer: &mut Vec<u8>, display: &impl std::fmt::Display) {
         buffer: &'a mut Vec<u8>,
     }
 
-    impl<'a> std::fmt::Write for Writer<'a> {
+    impl std::fmt::Write for Writer<'_> {
         fn write_str(&mut self, s: &str) -> std::fmt::Result {
             self.buffer.extend_from_slice(s.as_bytes());
             Ok(())
         }
     }
 
-    write!(Writer { buffer }, "{}", display).unwrap();
+    write!(Writer { buffer }, "{display}").unwrap();
 }
 
 #[cfg(test)]

src/platform_impl/linux/x11/event_processor.rs

@@ -22,8 +22,9 @@ use xkbcommon_dl::xkb_mod_mask_t;
 
 use crate::dpi::{PhysicalPosition, PhysicalSize};
 use crate::event::{
-    DeviceEvent, ElementState, Event, Ime, InnerSizeWriter, MouseButton, MouseScrollDelta,
-    RawKeyEvent, Touch, TouchPhase, WindowEvent,
+    ButtonSource, DeviceEvent, DeviceId, ElementState, Event, FingerId, Ime, MouseButton,
+    MouseScrollDelta, PointerKind, PointerSource, RawKeyEvent, SurfaceSizeWriter, TouchPhase,
+    WindowEvent,
 };
 use crate::keyboard::ModifiersState;
 use crate::platform_impl::common::xkb::{self, XkbState};
@@ -33,8 +34,8 @@ use crate::platform_impl::platform::x11::ActiveEventLoop;
 use crate::platform_impl::x11::atoms::*;
 use crate::platform_impl::x11::util::cookie::GenericEventCookie;
 use crate::platform_impl::x11::{
-    mkdid, mkfid, mkwid, util, CookieResultExt, Device, DeviceId, DeviceInfo, Dnd, DndState,
-    ImeReceiver, ScrollOrientation, UnownedWindow, WindowId,
+    mkdid, mkwid, util, CookieResultExt, Device, DeviceInfo, Dnd, DndState, ImeReceiver,
+    ScrollOrientation, UnownedWindow, WindowId,
 };
 
 /// The maximum amount of X modifiers to replay.
@@ -142,8 +143,18 @@ impl EventProcessor {
     {
         let event_type = xev.get_type();
 
-        if self.filter_event(xev) {
-            if event_type == xlib::KeyPress || event_type == xlib::KeyRelease {
+        // If we have IME disabled, don't try to `filter_event`, since only IME can consume them
+        // and forward back. This is not desired for e.g. games since some IMEs may delay the input
+        // and game can toggle IME back when e.g. typing into some field where latency won't really
+        // matter.
+        if event_type == xlib::KeyPress || event_type == xlib::KeyRelease {
+            let ime = self.target.ime.as_ref();
+            let window = self.active_window.map(|window| window as XWindow);
+            let forward_to_ime = ime
+                .and_then(|ime| window.map(|window| ime.borrow().is_ime_allowed(window)))
+                .unwrap_or(false);
+
+            if forward_to_ime && self.filter_event(xev) {
                 let xev: &XKeyEvent = xev.as_ref();
                 if self.xmodmap.is_modifier(xev.keycode as u8) {
                     // Don't grow the buffer past the `MAX_MOD_REPLAY_LEN`. This could happen
@@ -156,7 +167,8 @@ impl EventProcessor {
                     self.xfiltered_modifiers.push_front(xev.serial);
                 }
             }
-            return;
+        } else {
+            self.filter_event(xev);
         }
 
         match event_type {
@@ -238,15 +250,8 @@ impl EventProcessor {
                         self.xinput2_unfocused(xev, &mut callback);
                     },
                     xinput2::XI_TouchBegin | xinput2::XI_TouchUpdate | xinput2::XI_TouchEnd => {
-                        let phase = match evtype {
-                            xinput2::XI_TouchBegin => TouchPhase::Started,
-                            xinput2::XI_TouchUpdate => TouchPhase::Moved,
-                            xinput2::XI_TouchEnd => TouchPhase::Ended,
-                            _ => unreachable!(),
-                        };
-
                         let xev: &XIDeviceEvent = unsafe { xev.as_event() };
-                        self.xinput2_touch(xev, phase, &mut callback);
+                        self.xinput2_touch(xev, evtype, &mut callback);
                     },
                     xinput2::XI_RawButtonPress | xinput2::XI_RawButtonRelease => {
                         let state = match evtype {
@@ -326,7 +331,7 @@ impl EventProcessor {
         let mut devices = self.devices.borrow_mut();
         if let Some(info) = DeviceInfo::get(&self.target.xconn, device as _) {
             for info in info.iter() {
-                devices.insert(DeviceId(info.deviceid as _), Device::new(info));
+                devices.insert(mkdid(info.deviceid as xinput::DeviceId), Device::new(info));
             }
         }
     }
@@ -336,7 +341,7 @@ impl EventProcessor {
         F: Fn(&Arc<UnownedWindow>) -> Ret,
     {
         let mut deleted = false;
-        let window_id = WindowId(window_id as _);
+        let window_id = WindowId::from_raw(window_id as _);
         let result = self
             .target
             .windows
@@ -598,19 +603,19 @@ impl EventProcessor {
         // `XSendEvent` (synthetic `ConfigureNotify`) -> position relative to root
         // `XConfigureNotify` (real `ConfigureNotify`) -> position relative to parent
         // https://tronche.com/gui/x/icccm/sec-4.html#s-4.1.5
-        // We don't want to send `Moved` when this is false, since then every `Resized`
+        // We don't want to send `Moved` when this is false, since then every `SurfaceResized`
         // (whether the window moved or not) is accompanied by an extraneous `Moved` event
         // that has a position relative to the parent window.
         let is_synthetic = xev.send_event == xlib::True;
 
         // These are both in physical space.
-        let new_inner_size = (xev.width as u32, xev.height as u32);
+        let new_surface_size = (xev.width as u32, xev.height as u32);
         let new_inner_position = (xev.x, xev.y);
 
         let (mut resized, moved) = {
             let mut shared_state_lock = window.shared_state_lock();
 
-            let resized = util::maybe_change(&mut shared_state_lock.size, new_inner_size);
+            let resized = util::maybe_change(&mut shared_state_lock.size, new_surface_size);
             let moved = if is_synthetic {
                 util::maybe_change(&mut shared_state_lock.inner_position, new_inner_position)
             } else {
@@ -671,7 +676,7 @@ impl EventProcessor {
 
             let last_scale_factor = shared_state_lock.last_monitor.scale_factor;
             let new_scale_factor = {
-                let window_rect = util::AaRect::new(new_outer_position, new_inner_size);
+                let window_rect = util::AaRect::new(new_outer_position, new_surface_size);
                 let monitor = self
                     .target
                     .xconn
@@ -695,27 +700,30 @@ impl EventProcessor {
                     &shared_state_lock,
                 );
 
-                let old_inner_size = PhysicalSize::new(width, height);
-                let new_inner_size = PhysicalSize::new(new_width, new_height);
+                let old_surface_size = PhysicalSize::new(width, height);
+                let new_surface_size = PhysicalSize::new(new_width, new_height);
 
                 // Unlock shared state to prevent deadlock in callback below
                 drop(shared_state_lock);
 
-                let inner_size = Arc::new(Mutex::new(new_inner_size));
+                let surface_size = Arc::new(Mutex::new(new_surface_size));
                 callback(&self.target, Event::WindowEvent {
                     window_id,
                     event: WindowEvent::ScaleFactorChanged {
                         scale_factor: new_scale_factor,
-                        inner_size_writer: InnerSizeWriter::new(Arc::downgrade(&inner_size)),
+                        surface_size_writer: SurfaceSizeWriter::new(Arc::downgrade(&surface_size)),
                     },
                 });
 
-                let new_inner_size = *inner_size.lock().unwrap();
-                drop(inner_size);
+                let new_surface_size = *surface_size.lock().unwrap();
+                drop(surface_size);
 
-                if new_inner_size != old_inner_size {
-                    window.request_inner_size_physical(new_inner_size.width, new_inner_size.height);
-                    window.shared_state_lock().dpi_adjusted = Some(new_inner_size.into());
+                if new_surface_size != old_surface_size {
+                    window.request_surface_size_physical(
+                        new_surface_size.width,
+                        new_surface_size.height,
+                    );
+                    window.shared_state_lock().dpi_adjusted = Some(new_surface_size.into());
                     // if the DPI factor changed, force a resize event to ensure the logical
                     // size is computed with the right DPI factor
                     resized = true;
@@ -736,13 +744,13 @@ impl EventProcessor {
             // XResizeWindow requests, making Xorg, the winit client, and the WM
             // consume 100% of CPU.
             if let Some(adjusted_size) = shared_state_lock.dpi_adjusted {
-                if new_inner_size == adjusted_size || !util::wm_name_is_one_of(&["Xfwm4"]) {
+                if new_surface_size == adjusted_size || !util::wm_name_is_one_of(&["Xfwm4"]) {
                     // When this finally happens, the event will not be synthetic.
                     shared_state_lock.dpi_adjusted = None;
                 } else {
                     // Unlock shared state to prevent deadlock in callback below
                     drop(shared_state_lock);
-                    window.request_inner_size_physical(adjusted_size.0, adjusted_size.1);
+                    window.request_surface_size_physical(adjusted_size.0, adjusted_size.1);
                 }
             }
 
@@ -757,7 +765,7 @@ impl EventProcessor {
         if resized {
             callback(&self.target, Event::WindowEvent {
                 window_id,
-                event: WindowEvent::Resized(new_inner_size.into()),
+                event: WindowEvent::SurfaceResized(new_surface_size.into()),
             });
         }
     }
@@ -802,7 +810,7 @@ impl EventProcessor {
 
         // In the event that the window's been destroyed without being dropped first, we
         // cleanup again here.
-        self.target.windows.borrow_mut().remove(&WindowId(window as _));
+        self.target.windows.borrow_mut().remove(&WindowId::from_raw(window as _));
 
         // Since all XIM stuff needs to happen from the same thread, we destroy the input
         // context here instead of when dropping the window.
@@ -875,7 +883,6 @@ impl EventProcessor {
         };
 
         let window_id = mkwid(window);
-        let device_id = mkdid(util::VIRTUAL_CORE_KEYBOARD);
 
         let keycode = xev.keycode as _;
 
@@ -939,7 +946,11 @@ impl EventProcessor {
                 let event = key_processor.process_key_event(keycode, state, repeat);
                 let event = Event::WindowEvent {
                     window_id,
-                    event: WindowEvent::KeyboardInput { device_id, event, is_synthetic: false },
+                    event: WindowEvent::KeyboardInput {
+                        device_id: None,
+                        event,
+                        is_synthetic: false,
+                    },
                 };
                 callback(&self.target, event);
             }
@@ -1009,7 +1020,7 @@ impl EventProcessor {
         F: FnMut(&ActiveEventLoop, Event),
     {
         let window_id = mkwid(event.event as xproto::Window);
-        let device_id = mkdid(event.deviceid as xinput::DeviceId);
+        let device_id = Some(mkdid(event.deviceid as xinput::DeviceId));
 
         // Set the timestamp.
         self.target.xconn.set_timestamp(event.time as xproto::Timestamp);
@@ -1019,16 +1030,30 @@ impl EventProcessor {
             return;
         }
 
+        let position = PhysicalPosition::new(event.event_x, event.event_y);
+
         let event = match event.detail as u32 {
-            xlib::Button1 => {
-                WindowEvent::MouseInput { device_id, state, button: MouseButton::Left }
+            xlib::Button1 => WindowEvent::PointerButton {
+                device_id,
+                primary: true,
+                state,
+                position,
+                button: MouseButton::Left.into(),
             },
-            xlib::Button2 => {
-                WindowEvent::MouseInput { device_id, state, button: MouseButton::Middle }
+            xlib::Button2 => WindowEvent::PointerButton {
+                device_id,
+                primary: true,
+                state,
+                position,
+                button: MouseButton::Middle.into(),
             },
 
-            xlib::Button3 => {
-                WindowEvent::MouseInput { device_id, state, button: MouseButton::Right }
+            xlib::Button3 => WindowEvent::PointerButton {
+                device_id,
+                primary: true,
+                state,
+                position,
+                button: MouseButton::Right.into(),
             },
 
             // Suppress emulated scroll wheel clicks, since we handle the real motion events for
@@ -1046,10 +1071,28 @@ impl EventProcessor {
                 },
                 phase: TouchPhase::Moved,
             },
-            8 => WindowEvent::MouseInput { device_id, state, button: MouseButton::Back },
+            8 => WindowEvent::PointerButton {
+                device_id,
+                primary: true,
+                state,
+                position,
+                button: MouseButton::Back.into(),
+            },
 
-            9 => WindowEvent::MouseInput { device_id, state, button: MouseButton::Forward },
-            x => WindowEvent::MouseInput { device_id, state, button: MouseButton::Other(x as u16) },
+            9 => WindowEvent::PointerButton {
+                device_id,
+                primary: true,
+                state,
+                position,
+                button: MouseButton::Forward.into(),
+            },
+            x => WindowEvent::PointerButton {
+                device_id,
+                primary: true,
+                state,
+                position,
+                button: MouseButton::Other(x as u16).into(),
+            },
         };
 
         let event = Event::WindowEvent { window_id, event };
@@ -1063,7 +1106,7 @@ impl EventProcessor {
         // Set the timestamp.
         self.target.xconn.set_timestamp(event.time as xproto::Timestamp);
 
-        let device_id = mkdid(event.deviceid as xinput::DeviceId);
+        let device_id = Some(mkdid(event.deviceid as xinput::DeviceId));
         let window = event.event as xproto::Window;
         let window_id = mkwid(window);
         let new_cursor_pos = (event.event_x, event.event_y);
@@ -1078,7 +1121,12 @@ impl EventProcessor {
 
             let event = Event::WindowEvent {
                 window_id,
-                event: WindowEvent::CursorMoved { device_id, position },
+                event: WindowEvent::PointerMoved {
+                    device_id,
+                    primary: true,
+                    position,
+                    source: PointerSource::Mouse,
+                },
             };
             callback(&self.target, event);
         } else if cursor_moved.is_none() {
@@ -1090,7 +1138,7 @@ impl EventProcessor {
             slice::from_raw_parts(event.valuators.mask, event.valuators.mask_len as usize)
         };
         let mut devices = self.devices.borrow_mut();
-        let physical_device = match devices.get_mut(&DeviceId(event.sourceid as xinput::DeviceId)) {
+        let physical_device = match devices.get_mut(&mkdid(event.sourceid as xinput::DeviceId)) {
             Some(device) => device,
             None => return,
         };
@@ -1149,7 +1197,7 @@ impl EventProcessor {
                 if device_info.deviceid == event.sourceid
                     || device_info.attachment == event.sourceid
                 {
-                    let device_id = DeviceId(device_info.deviceid as _);
+                    let device_id = mkdid(device_info.deviceid as xinput::DeviceId);
                     if let Some(device) = devices.get_mut(&device_id) {
                         device.reset_scroll_position(device_info);
                     }
@@ -1158,15 +1206,17 @@ impl EventProcessor {
         }
 
         if self.window_exists(window) {
+            let device_id = Some(device_id);
             let position = PhysicalPosition::new(event.event_x, event.event_y);
 
-            let event =
-                Event::WindowEvent { window_id, event: WindowEvent::CursorEntered { device_id } };
-            callback(&self.target, event);
-
             let event = Event::WindowEvent {
                 window_id,
-                event: WindowEvent::CursorMoved { device_id, position },
+                event: WindowEvent::PointerEntered {
+                    device_id,
+                    primary: true,
+                    position,
+                    kind: PointerKind::Mouse,
+                },
             };
             callback(&self.target, event);
         }
@@ -1186,8 +1236,11 @@ impl EventProcessor {
         if self.window_exists(window) {
             let event = Event::WindowEvent {
                 window_id: mkwid(window),
-                event: WindowEvent::CursorLeft {
-                    device_id: mkdid(event.deviceid as xinput::DeviceId),
+                event: WindowEvent::PointerLeft {
+                    device_id: Some(mkdid(event.deviceid as xinput::DeviceId)),
+                    primary: true,
+                    position: Some(PhysicalPosition::new(event.event_x, event.event_y)),
+                    kind: PointerKind::Mouse,
                 },
             };
             callback(&self.target, event);
@@ -1238,16 +1291,20 @@ impl EventProcessor {
 
         // The deviceid for this event is for a keyboard instead of a pointer,
         // so we have to do a little extra work.
-        let pointer_id = self
+        let device_id = self
             .devices
             .borrow()
-            .get(&DeviceId(xev.deviceid as xinput::DeviceId))
-            .map(|device| device.attachment)
-            .unwrap_or(2);
+            .get(&mkdid(xev.deviceid as xinput::DeviceId))
+            .map(|device| mkdid(device.attachment as xinput::DeviceId));
 
         let event = Event::WindowEvent {
             window_id,
-            event: WindowEvent::CursorMoved { device_id: mkdid(pointer_id as _), position },
+            event: WindowEvent::PointerMoved {
+                device_id,
+                primary: true,
+                position,
+                source: PointerSource::Mouse,
+            },
         };
         callback(&self.target, event);
     }
@@ -1303,7 +1360,7 @@ impl EventProcessor {
         }
     }
 
-    fn xinput2_touch<F>(&mut self, xev: &XIDeviceEvent, phase: TouchPhase, mut callback: F)
+    fn xinput2_touch<F>(&mut self, xev: &XIDeviceEvent, phase: i32, mut callback: F)
     where
         F: FnMut(&ActiveEventLoop, Event),
     {
@@ -1314,32 +1371,89 @@ impl EventProcessor {
         if self.window_exists(window) {
             let window_id = mkwid(window);
             let id = xev.detail as u32;
-            let location = PhysicalPosition::new(xev.event_x, xev.event_y);
+            let position = PhysicalPosition::new(xev.event_x, xev.event_y);
 
             // Mouse cursor position changes when touch events are received.
             // Only the first concurrently active touch ID moves the mouse cursor.
-            if is_first_touch(&mut self.first_touch, &mut self.num_touch, id, phase) {
+            let is_first_touch =
+                is_first_touch(&mut self.first_touch, &mut self.num_touch, id, phase);
+            if is_first_touch {
                 let event = Event::WindowEvent {
                     window_id,
-                    event: WindowEvent::CursorMoved {
-                        device_id: mkdid(util::VIRTUAL_CORE_POINTER),
-                        position: location.cast(),
+                    event: WindowEvent::PointerMoved {
+                        device_id: None,
+                        primary: true,
+                        position: position.cast(),
+                        source: PointerSource::Mouse,
                     },
                 };
                 callback(&self.target, event);
             }
 
-            let event = Event::WindowEvent {
-                window_id,
-                event: WindowEvent::Touch(Touch {
-                    device_id: mkdid(xev.deviceid as xinput::DeviceId),
-                    phase,
-                    location,
-                    force: None, // TODO
-                    finger_id: mkfid(id),
-                }),
-            };
-            callback(&self.target, event)
+            let device_id = Some(mkdid(xev.deviceid as xinput::DeviceId));
+            let finger_id = FingerId::from_raw(id as usize);
+
+            match phase {
+                xinput2::XI_TouchBegin => {
+                    let event = Event::WindowEvent {
+                        window_id,
+                        event: WindowEvent::PointerEntered {
+                            device_id,
+                            primary: is_first_touch,
+                            position,
+                            kind: PointerKind::Touch(finger_id),
+                        },
+                    };
+                    callback(&self.target, event);
+                    let event = Event::WindowEvent {
+                        window_id,
+                        event: WindowEvent::PointerButton {
+                            device_id,
+                            primary: is_first_touch,
+                            state: ElementState::Pressed,
+                            position,
+                            button: ButtonSource::Touch { finger_id, force: None },
+                        },
+                    };
+                    callback(&self.target, event);
+                },
+                xinput2::XI_TouchUpdate => {
+                    let event = Event::WindowEvent {
+                        window_id,
+                        event: WindowEvent::PointerMoved {
+                            device_id,
+                            primary: is_first_touch,
+                            position,
+                            source: PointerSource::Touch { finger_id, force: None },
+                        },
+                    };
+                    callback(&self.target, event);
+                },
+                xinput2::XI_TouchEnd => {
+                    let event = Event::WindowEvent {
+                        window_id,
+                        event: WindowEvent::PointerButton {
+                            device_id,
+                            primary: is_first_touch,
+                            state: ElementState::Released,
+                            position,
+                            button: ButtonSource::Touch { finger_id, force: None },
+                        },
+                    };
+                    callback(&self.target, event);
+                    let event = Event::WindowEvent {
+                        window_id,
+                        event: WindowEvent::PointerLeft {
+                            device_id,
+                            primary: is_first_touch,
+                            position: Some(position),
+                            kind: PointerKind::Touch(finger_id),
+                        },
+                    };
+                    callback(&self.target, event);
+                },
+                _ => unreachable!(),
+            }
         }
     }
 
@@ -1352,7 +1466,7 @@ impl EventProcessor {
 
         if xev.flags & xinput2::XIPointerEmulated == 0 {
             let event = Event::DeviceEvent {
-                device_id: mkdid(xev.deviceid as xinput::DeviceId),
+                device_id: Some(mkdid(xev.deviceid as xinput::DeviceId)),
                 event: DeviceEvent::Button { state, button: xev.detail as u32 },
             };
             callback(&self.target, event);
@@ -1366,7 +1480,7 @@ impl EventProcessor {
         // Set the timestamp.
         self.target.xconn.set_timestamp(xev.time as xproto::Timestamp);
 
-        let did = mkdid(xev.deviceid as xinput::DeviceId);
+        let did = Some(mkdid(xev.deviceid as xinput::DeviceId));
 
         let mask =
             unsafe { slice::from_raw_parts(xev.valuators.mask, xev.valuators.mask_len as usize) };
@@ -1395,7 +1509,7 @@ impl EventProcessor {
         if let Some(mouse_delta) = mouse_delta.consume() {
             let event = Event::DeviceEvent {
                 device_id: did,
-                event: DeviceEvent::MouseMotion { delta: mouse_delta },
+                event: DeviceEvent::PointerMotion { delta: mouse_delta },
             };
             callback(&self.target, event);
         }
@@ -1418,7 +1532,7 @@ impl EventProcessor {
         // Set the timestamp.
         self.target.xconn.set_timestamp(xev.time as xproto::Timestamp);
 
-        let device_id = mkdid(xev.sourceid as xinput::DeviceId);
+        let device_id = Some(mkdid(xev.sourceid as xinput::DeviceId));
         let keycode = xev.detail as u32;
         if keycode < KEYCODE_OFFSET as u32 {
             return;
@@ -1440,7 +1554,7 @@ impl EventProcessor {
                 self.init_device(info.deviceid as xinput::DeviceId);
             } else if 0 != info.flags & (xinput2::XISlaveRemoved | xinput2::XIMasterRemoved) {
                 let mut devices = self.devices.borrow_mut();
-                devices.remove(&DeviceId(info.deviceid as xinput::DeviceId));
+                devices.remove(&mkdid(info.deviceid as xinput::DeviceId));
             }
         }
     }
@@ -1692,8 +1806,6 @@ impl EventProcessor {
     ) where
         F: FnMut(&ActiveEventLoop, Event),
     {
-        let device_id = mkdid(util::VIRTUAL_CORE_KEYBOARD);
-
         // Update modifiers state and emit key events based on which keys are currently pressed.
         let xcb = target.xconn.xcb_connection().get_raw_xcb_connection();
 
@@ -1716,7 +1828,7 @@ impl EventProcessor {
             let event = key_processor.process_key_event(keycode as u32, state, false);
             let event = Event::WindowEvent {
                 window_id,
-                event: WindowEvent::KeyboardInput { device_id, event, is_synthetic: true },
+                event: WindowEvent::KeyboardInput { device_id: None, event, is_synthetic: true },
             };
             callback(target, event);
         }
@@ -1761,15 +1873,15 @@ impl EventProcessor {
     }
 }
 
-fn is_first_touch(first: &mut Option<u32>, num: &mut u32, id: u32, phase: TouchPhase) -> bool {
+fn is_first_touch(first: &mut Option<u32>, num: &mut u32, id: u32, phase: i32) -> bool {
     match phase {
-        TouchPhase::Started => {
+        xinput2::XI_TouchBegin => {
             if *num == 0 {
                 *first = Some(id);
             }
             *num += 1;
         },
-        TouchPhase::Cancelled | TouchPhase::Ended => {
+        xinput2::XI_TouchEnd => {
             if *first == Some(id) {
                 *first = None;
             }

src/platform_impl/linux/x11/ffi.rs

@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 pub use x11_dl::error::OpenError;
-pub use x11_dl::xcursor::*;
 pub use x11_dl::xinput2::*;
 pub use x11_dl::xlib::*;
 pub use x11_dl::xlib_xcb::*;

src/platform_impl/linux/x11/ime/context.rs

@@ -1,7 +1,8 @@
+use std::error::Error;
 use std::ffi::CStr;
 use std::os::raw::c_short;
 use std::sync::Arc;
-use std::{mem, ptr};
+use std::{fmt, mem, ptr};
 
 use x11_dl::xlib::{XIMCallback, XIMPreeditCaretCallbackStruct, XIMPreeditDrawCallbackStruct};
 
@@ -19,6 +20,19 @@ pub enum ImeContextCreationError {
     Null,
 }
 
+impl fmt::Display for ImeContextCreationError {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
+        match self {
+            ImeContextCreationError::XError(err) => err.fmt(f),
+            ImeContextCreationError::Null => {
+                write!(f, "got null pointer from Xlib without exact reason")
+            },
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl Error for ImeContextCreationError {}
+
 /// The callback used by XIM preedit functions.
 type XIMProcNonnull = unsafe extern "C" fn(ffi::XIM, ffi::XPointer, ffi::XPointer);
 

src/platform_impl/linux/x11/ime/mod.rs

@@ -225,6 +225,16 @@ impl Ime {
         // Create new context supporting IME input.
         let _ = self.create_context(window, allowed);
     }
+
+    pub fn is_ime_allowed(&self, window: ffi::Window) -> bool {
+        if self.is_destroyed() {
+            false
+        } else if let Some(Some(context)) = self.inner.contexts.get(&window) {
+            context.is_allowed()
+        } else {
+            false
+        }
+    }
 }
 
 impl Drop for Ime {

src/platform_impl/linux/x11/mod.rs

@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-use std::any::Any;
 use std::cell::{Cell, RefCell};
 use std::collections::{HashMap, HashSet, VecDeque};
 use std::ffi::CStr;
@@ -19,24 +18,26 @@ use tracing::warn;
 use x11rb::connection::RequestConnection;
 use x11rb::errors::{ConnectError, ConnectionError, IdsExhausted, ReplyError};
 use x11rb::protocol::xinput::{self, ConnectionExt as _};
-use x11rb::protocol::xkb;
-use x11rb::protocol::xproto::{self, ConnectionExt as _};
+use x11rb::protocol::{xkb, xproto};
 use x11rb::x11_utils::X11Error as LogicalError;
 use x11rb::xcb_ffi::ReplyOrIdError;
 
 use crate::application::ApplicationHandler;
-use crate::error::{EventLoopError, ExternalError, OsError as RootOsError};
-use crate::event::{Event, StartCause, WindowEvent};
+use crate::error::{EventLoopError, RequestError};
+use crate::event::{DeviceId, Event, StartCause, WindowEvent};
 use crate::event_loop::{
     ActiveEventLoop as RootActiveEventLoop, ControlFlow, DeviceEvents,
-    OwnedDisplayHandle as RootOwnedDisplayHandle,
+    EventLoopProxy as CoreEventLoopProxy, EventLoopProxyProvider,
+    OwnedDisplayHandle as CoreOwnedDisplayHandle,
 };
 use crate::platform::pump_events::PumpStatus;
 use crate::platform_impl::common::xkb::Context;
-use crate::platform_impl::platform::{min_timeout, WindowId};
-use crate::platform_impl::{OsError, OwnedDisplayHandle, PlatformCustomCursor};
+use crate::platform_impl::platform::min_timeout;
+use crate::platform_impl::x11::window::Window;
+use crate::platform_impl::PlatformCustomCursor;
 use crate::window::{
-    CustomCursor as RootCustomCursor, CustomCursorSource, Theme, WindowAttributes,
+    CustomCursor as RootCustomCursor, CustomCursorSource, Theme, Window as CoreWindow,
+    WindowAttributes, WindowId,
 };
 
 mod activation;
@@ -47,7 +48,7 @@ pub mod ffi;
 mod ime;
 mod monitor;
 mod util;
-mod window;
+pub(crate) mod window;
 mod xdisplay;
 mod xsettings;
 
@@ -139,7 +140,7 @@ pub struct ActiveEventLoop {
     windows: RefCell<HashMap<WindowId, Weak<UnownedWindow>>>,
     redraw_sender: WakeSender<WindowId>,
     activation_sender: WakeSender<ActivationToken>,
-    event_loop_proxy: EventLoopProxy,
+    event_loop_proxy: CoreEventLoopProxy,
     device_events: Cell<DeviceEvents>,
 }
 
@@ -306,7 +307,7 @@ impl EventLoop {
                 sender: activation_token_sender, // not used again so no clone
                 waker: waker.clone(),
             },
-            event_loop_proxy,
+            event_loop_proxy: event_loop_proxy.into(),
             device_events: Default::default(),
         };
 
@@ -399,9 +400,11 @@ impl EventLoop {
         // `run_on_demand` calls but if they have only just dropped their
         // windows we need to make sure those last requests are sent to the
         // X Server.
-        self.event_processor.target.x_connection().sync_with_server().map_err(|x_err| {
-            EventLoopError::Os(os_error!(OsError::XError(Arc::new(X11Error::Xlib(x_err)))))
-        })?;
+        self.event_processor
+            .target
+            .x_connection()
+            .sync_with_server()
+            .map_err(|x_err| EventLoopError::Os(os_error!(X11Error::Xlib(x_err))))?;
 
         exit
     }
@@ -519,13 +522,14 @@ impl EventLoop {
 
         // Empty activation tokens.
         while let Ok((window_id, serial)) = self.activation_receiver.try_recv() {
-            let token = self.event_processor.with_window(window_id.0 as xproto::Window, |window| {
-                window.generate_activation_token()
-            });
+            let token = self
+                .event_processor
+                .with_window(window_id.into_raw() as xproto::Window, |window| {
+                    window.generate_activation_token()
+                });
 
             match token {
                 Some(Ok(token)) => {
-                    let window_id = crate::window::WindowId(window_id);
                     let event = WindowEvent::ActivationTokenDone {
                         serial,
                         token: crate::window::ActivationToken::_new(token),
@@ -553,7 +557,6 @@ impl EventLoop {
             }
 
             for window_id in windows {
-                let window_id = crate::window::WindowId(window_id);
                 app.window_event(
                     &self.event_processor.target,
                     window_id,
@@ -572,12 +575,9 @@ impl EventLoop {
         while unsafe { self.event_processor.poll_one_event(xev.as_mut_ptr()) } {
             let mut xev = unsafe { xev.assume_init() };
             self.event_processor.process_event(&mut xev, |window_target, event: Event| {
-                if let Event::WindowEvent {
-                    window_id: crate::window::WindowId(wid),
-                    event: WindowEvent::RedrawRequested,
-                } = event
+                if let Event::WindowEvent { window_id, event: WindowEvent::RedrawRequested } = event
                 {
-                    window_target.redraw_sender.send(wid);
+                    window_target.redraw_sender.send(window_id);
                 } else {
                     match event {
                         Event::WindowEvent { window_id, event } => {
@@ -648,21 +648,6 @@ impl ActiveEventLoop {
             .expect_then_ignore_error("Failed to update device event filter");
     }
 
-    #[cfg(feature = "rwh_06")]
-    pub fn raw_display_handle_rwh_06(
-        &self,
-    ) -> Result<rwh_06::RawDisplayHandle, rwh_06::HandleError> {
-        let display_handle = rwh_06::XlibDisplayHandle::new(
-            // SAFETY: display will never be null
-            Some(
-                std::ptr::NonNull::new(self.xconn.display as *mut _)
-                    .expect("X11 display should never be null"),
-            ),
-            self.xconn.default_screen_index() as c_int,
-        );
-        Ok(display_handle.into())
-    }
-
     pub(crate) fn clear_exit(&self) {
         self.exit.set(None)
     }
@@ -677,27 +662,21 @@ impl ActiveEventLoop {
 }
 
 impl RootActiveEventLoop for ActiveEventLoop {
-    fn create_proxy(&self) -> crate::event_loop::EventLoopProxy {
-        crate::event_loop::EventLoopProxy {
-            event_loop_proxy: crate::platform_impl::EventLoopProxy::X(
-                self.event_loop_proxy.clone(),
-            ),
-        }
+    fn create_proxy(&self) -> CoreEventLoopProxy {
+        self.event_loop_proxy.clone()
     }
 
     fn create_window(
         &self,
         window_attributes: WindowAttributes,
-    ) -> Result<crate::window::Window, RootOsError> {
-        let window = crate::platform_impl::x11::Window::new(self, window_attributes)?;
-        let window = crate::platform_impl::Window::X(window);
-        Ok(crate::window::Window { window })
+    ) -> Result<Box<dyn CoreWindow>, RequestError> {
+        Ok(Box::new(Window::new(self, window_attributes)?))
     }
 
     fn create_custom_cursor(
         &self,
         custom_cursor: CustomCursorSource,
-    ) -> Result<RootCustomCursor, ExternalError> {
+    ) -> Result<RootCustomCursor, RequestError> {
         Ok(RootCustomCursor {
             inner: PlatformCustomCursor::X(CustomCursor::new(self, custom_cursor.inner)?),
         })
@@ -746,32 +725,18 @@ impl RootActiveEventLoop for ActiveEventLoop {
         self.exit.get().is_some()
     }
 
-    fn owned_display_handle(&self) -> RootOwnedDisplayHandle {
-        let handle = OwnedDisplayHandle::X(self.x_connection().clone());
-        RootOwnedDisplayHandle { platform: handle }
+    fn owned_display_handle(&self) -> CoreOwnedDisplayHandle {
+        CoreOwnedDisplayHandle::new(self.x_connection().clone())
     }
 
-    fn as_any(&self) -> &dyn Any {
-        self
-    }
-
-    #[cfg(feature = "rwh_06")]
     fn rwh_06_handle(&self) -> &dyn rwh_06::HasDisplayHandle {
         self
     }
 }
 
-#[cfg(feature = "rwh_06")]
 impl rwh_06::HasDisplayHandle for ActiveEventLoop {
     fn display_handle(&self) -> Result<rwh_06::DisplayHandle<'_>, rwh_06::HandleError> {
-        let raw = self.raw_display_handle_rwh_06()?;
-        unsafe { Ok(rwh_06::DisplayHandle::borrow_raw(raw)) }
-    }
-}
-
-impl EventLoopProxy {
-    pub fn wake_up(&self) {
-        self.ping.ping();
+        self.xconn.display_handle()
     }
 }
 
@@ -797,14 +762,14 @@ impl<'a> DeviceInfo<'a> {
     }
 }
 
-impl<'a> Drop for DeviceInfo<'a> {
+impl Drop for DeviceInfo<'_> {
     fn drop(&mut self) {
         assert!(!self.info.is_null());
         unsafe { (self.xconn.xinput2.XIFreeDeviceInfo)(self.info as *mut _) };
     }
 }
 
-impl<'a> Deref for DeviceInfo<'a> {
+impl Deref for DeviceInfo<'_> {
     type Target = [ffi::XIDeviceInfo];
 
     fn deref(&self) -> &Self::Target {
@@ -812,70 +777,29 @@ impl<'a> Deref for DeviceInfo<'a> {
     }
 }
 
-#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord, Hash)]
-pub struct DeviceId(xinput::DeviceId);
-
-impl DeviceId {
-    #[allow(unused)]
-    pub const fn dummy() -> Self {
-        DeviceId(0)
-    }
-}
-
-#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord, Hash)]
-pub struct FingerId(u32);
-
-impl FingerId {
-    #[allow(unused)]
-    pub const fn dummy() -> Self {
-        FingerId(0)
-    }
-}
-
-pub(crate) struct Window(Arc<UnownedWindow>);
-
-impl Deref for Window {
-    type Target = UnownedWindow;
-
-    #[inline]
-    fn deref(&self) -> &UnownedWindow {
-        &self.0
-    }
-}
-
-impl Window {
-    pub(crate) fn new(
-        event_loop: &ActiveEventLoop,
-        attribs: WindowAttributes,
-    ) -> Result<Self, RootOsError> {
-        let window = Arc::new(UnownedWindow::new(event_loop, attribs)?);
-        event_loop.windows.borrow_mut().insert(window.id(), Arc::downgrade(&window));
-        Ok(Window(window))
-    }
-}
-
-impl Drop for Window {
-    fn drop(&mut self) {
-        let window = self.deref();
-        let xconn = &window.xconn;
-
-        if let Ok(c) = xconn.xcb_connection().destroy_window(window.id().0 as xproto::Window) {
-            c.ignore_error();
-        }
-    }
-}
-
 #[derive(Clone)]
 pub struct EventLoopProxy {
     ping: Ping,
 }
 
+impl EventLoopProxyProvider for EventLoopProxy {
+    fn wake_up(&self) {
+        self.ping.ping();
+    }
+}
+
 impl EventLoopProxy {
     fn new(ping: Ping) -> Self {
         Self { ping }
     }
 }
 
+impl From<EventLoopProxy> for CoreEventLoopProxy {
+    fn from(value: EventLoopProxy) -> Self {
+        CoreEventLoopProxy::new(Arc::new(value))
+    }
+}
+
 /// Generic sum error type for X11 errors.
 #[derive(Debug)]
 pub enum X11Error {
@@ -911,29 +835,35 @@ pub enum X11Error {
 
     /// Failed to get property.
     GetProperty(util::GetPropertyError),
+
+    /// Could not find an ARGB32 pict format.
+    NoArgb32Format,
 }
 
 impl fmt::Display for X11Error {
     fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
         match self {
-            X11Error::Xlib(e) => write!(f, "Xlib error: {}", e),
-            X11Error::Connect(e) => write!(f, "X11 connection error: {}", e),
-            X11Error::Connection(e) => write!(f, "X11 connection error: {}", e),
-            X11Error::XidsExhausted(e) => write!(f, "XID range exhausted: {}", e),
-            X11Error::GetProperty(e) => write!(f, "Failed to get X property {}", e),
-            X11Error::X11(e) => write!(f, "X11 error: {:?}", e),
-            X11Error::UnexpectedNull(s) => write!(f, "Xlib function returned null: {}", s),
+            X11Error::Xlib(e) => write!(f, "Xlib error: {e}"),
+            X11Error::Connect(e) => write!(f, "X11 connection error: {e}"),
+            X11Error::Connection(e) => write!(f, "X11 connection error: {e}"),
+            X11Error::XidsExhausted(e) => write!(f, "XID range exhausted: {e}"),
+            X11Error::GetProperty(e) => write!(f, "Failed to get X property {e}"),
+            X11Error::X11(e) => write!(f, "X11 error: {e:?}"),
+            X11Error::UnexpectedNull(s) => write!(f, "Xlib function returned null: {s}"),
             X11Error::InvalidActivationToken(s) => write!(
                 f,
                 "Invalid activation token: {}",
                 std::str::from_utf8(s).unwrap_or("<invalid utf8>")
             ),
-            X11Error::MissingExtension(s) => write!(f, "Missing X11 extension: {}", s),
+            X11Error::MissingExtension(s) => write!(f, "Missing X11 extension: {s}"),
             X11Error::NoSuchVisual(visualid) => {
-                write!(f, "Could not find a matching X11 visual for ID `{:x}`", visualid)
+                write!(f, "Could not find a matching X11 visual for ID `{visualid:x}`")
             },
             X11Error::XsettingsParse(err) => {
-                write!(f, "Failed to parse xsettings: {:?}", err)
+                write!(f, "Failed to parse xsettings: {err:?}")
+            },
+            X11Error::NoArgb32Format => {
+                f.write_str("winit only supports X11 displays with ARGB32 picture formats")
             },
         }
     }
@@ -1024,21 +954,17 @@ trait CookieResultExt {
     fn expect_then_ignore_error(self, msg: &str);
 }
 
-impl<'a, E: fmt::Debug> CookieResultExt for Result<VoidCookie<'a>, E> {
+impl<E: fmt::Debug> CookieResultExt for Result<VoidCookie<'_>, E> {
     fn expect_then_ignore_error(self, msg: &str) {
         self.expect(msg).ignore_error()
     }
 }
 
 fn mkwid(w: xproto::Window) -> crate::window::WindowId {
-    crate::window::WindowId(crate::platform_impl::platform::WindowId(w as _))
+    crate::window::WindowId::from_raw(w as _)
 }
-fn mkdid(w: xinput::DeviceId) -> crate::event::DeviceId {
-    crate::event::DeviceId(crate::platform_impl::DeviceId::X(DeviceId(w)))
-}
-
-fn mkfid(w: u32) -> crate::event::FingerId {
-    crate::event::FingerId(crate::platform_impl::FingerId::X(FingerId(w)))
+fn mkdid(w: xinput::DeviceId) -> DeviceId {
+    DeviceId::from_raw(w as i64)
 }
 
 #[derive(Debug)]

src/platform_impl/linux/x11/monitor.rs

@@ -280,7 +280,7 @@ impl XConnection {
         let info = self
             .xcb_connection()
             .extension_information(randr::X11_EXTENSION_NAME)?
-            .ok_or_else(|| X11Error::MissingExtension(randr::X11_EXTENSION_NAME))?;
+            .ok_or(X11Error::MissingExtension(randr::X11_EXTENSION_NAME))?;
 
         // Select input data.
         let event_mask =

src/platform_impl/linux/x11/util/cursor.rs

@@ -1,92 +1,161 @@
-use std::ffi::CString;
+use std::collections::hash_map::Entry;
 use std::hash::{Hash, Hasher};
+use std::iter;
 use std::sync::Arc;
-use std::{iter, slice};
 
 use x11rb::connection::Connection;
+use x11rb::protocol::render::{self, ConnectionExt as _};
+use x11rb::protocol::xproto;
 
 use super::super::ActiveEventLoop;
 use super::*;
-use crate::error::ExternalError;
-use crate::platform_impl::{OsError, PlatformCustomCursorSource};
+use crate::error::RequestError;
+use crate::platform_impl::PlatformCustomCursorSource;
 use crate::window::CursorIcon;
 
 impl XConnection {
-    pub fn set_cursor_icon(&self, window: xproto::Window, cursor: Option<CursorIcon>) {
-        let cursor = *self
-            .cursor_cache
-            .lock()
-            .unwrap()
-            .entry(cursor)
-            .or_insert_with(|| self.get_cursor(cursor));
+    pub fn set_cursor_icon(
+        &self,
+        window: xproto::Window,
+        cursor: Option<CursorIcon>,
+    ) -> Result<(), X11Error> {
+        let cursor = {
+            let mut cache = self.cursor_cache.lock().unwrap_or_else(|e| e.into_inner());
 
-        self.update_cursor(window, cursor).expect("Failed to set cursor");
-    }
-
-    pub(crate) fn set_custom_cursor(&self, window: xproto::Window, cursor: &CustomCursor) {
-        self.update_cursor(window, cursor.inner.cursor).expect("Failed to set cursor");
-    }
-
-    fn create_empty_cursor(&self) -> ffi::Cursor {
-        let data = 0;
-        let pixmap = unsafe {
-            let screen = (self.xlib.XDefaultScreen)(self.display);
-            let window = (self.xlib.XRootWindow)(self.display, screen);
-            (self.xlib.XCreateBitmapFromData)(self.display, window, &data, 1, 1)
+            match cache.entry(cursor) {
+                Entry::Occupied(o) => *o.get(),
+                Entry::Vacant(v) => *v.insert(self.get_cursor(cursor)?),
+            }
         };
 
-        if pixmap == 0 {
-            panic!("failed to allocate pixmap for cursor");
-        }
-
-        unsafe {
-            // We don't care about this color, since it only fills bytes
-            // in the pixmap which are not 0 in the mask.
-            let mut dummy_color = MaybeUninit::uninit();
-            let cursor = (self.xlib.XCreatePixmapCursor)(
-                self.display,
-                pixmap,
-                pixmap,
-                dummy_color.as_mut_ptr(),
-                dummy_color.as_mut_ptr(),
-                0,
-                0,
-            );
-            (self.xlib.XFreePixmap)(self.display, pixmap);
-
-            cursor
-        }
+        self.update_cursor(window, cursor)
     }
 
-    fn get_cursor(&self, cursor: Option<CursorIcon>) -> ffi::Cursor {
+    pub(crate) fn set_custom_cursor(
+        &self,
+        window: xproto::Window,
+        cursor: &CustomCursor,
+    ) -> Result<(), X11Error> {
+        self.update_cursor(window, cursor.inner.cursor)
+    }
+
+    /// Create a cursor from an image.
+    fn create_cursor_from_image(
+        &self,
+        width: u16,
+        height: u16,
+        hotspot_x: u16,
+        hotspot_y: u16,
+        image: &[u8],
+    ) -> Result<xproto::Cursor, X11Error> {
+        // Create a pixmap for the default root window.
+        let root = self.default_root().root;
+        let pixmap =
+            xproto::PixmapWrapper::create_pixmap(self.xcb_connection(), 32, root, width, height)?;
+
+        // Create a GC to draw with.
+        let gc = xproto::GcontextWrapper::create_gc(
+            self.xcb_connection(),
+            pixmap.pixmap(),
+            &Default::default(),
+        )?;
+
+        // Draw the data into it.
+        self.xcb_connection()
+            .put_image(
+                xproto::ImageFormat::Z_PIXMAP,
+                pixmap.pixmap(),
+                gc.gcontext(),
+                width,
+                height,
+                0,
+                0,
+                0,
+                32,
+                image,
+            )?
+            .ignore_error();
+        drop(gc);
+
+        // Create the XRender picture.
+        let picture = render::PictureWrapper::create_picture(
+            self.xcb_connection(),
+            pixmap.pixmap(),
+            self.find_argb32_format()?,
+            &Default::default(),
+        )?;
+        drop(pixmap);
+
+        // Create the cursor.
+        let cursor = self.xcb_connection().generate_id()?;
+        self.xcb_connection()
+            .render_create_cursor(cursor, picture.picture(), hotspot_x, hotspot_y)?
+            .check()?;
+
+        Ok(cursor)
+    }
+
+    /// Find the render format that corresponds to ARGB32.
+    fn find_argb32_format(&self) -> Result<render::Pictformat, X11Error> {
+        macro_rules! direct {
+            ($format:expr, $shift_name:ident, $mask_name:ident, $shift:expr) => {{
+                ($format).direct.$shift_name == $shift && ($format).direct.$mask_name == 0xff
+            }};
+        }
+
+        self.render_formats()
+            .formats
+            .iter()
+            .find(|format| {
+                format.type_ == render::PictType::DIRECT
+                    && format.depth == 32
+                    && direct!(format, red_shift, red_mask, 16)
+                    && direct!(format, green_shift, green_mask, 8)
+                    && direct!(format, blue_shift, blue_mask, 0)
+                    && direct!(format, alpha_shift, alpha_mask, 24)
+            })
+            .ok_or(X11Error::NoArgb32Format)
+            .map(|format| format.id)
+    }
+
+    fn create_empty_cursor(&self) -> Result<xproto::Cursor, X11Error> {
+        self.create_cursor_from_image(1, 1, 0, 0, &[0, 0, 0, 0])
+    }
+
+    fn get_cursor(&self, cursor: Option<CursorIcon>) -> Result<xproto::Cursor, X11Error> {
         let cursor = match cursor {
             Some(cursor) => cursor,
             None => return self.create_empty_cursor(),
         };
 
-        let mut xcursor = 0;
-        for &name in iter::once(&cursor.name()).chain(cursor.alt_names().iter()) {
-            let name = CString::new(name).unwrap();
-            xcursor = unsafe {
-                (self.xcursor.XcursorLibraryLoadCursor)(
-                    self.display,
-                    name.as_ptr() as *const c_char,
-                )
-            };
+        let database = self.database();
+        let handle = x11rb::cursor::Handle::new(
+            self.xcb_connection(),
+            self.default_screen_index(),
+            &database,
+        )?
+        .reply()?;
 
-            if xcursor != 0 {
-                break;
+        let mut last_error = None;
+        for &name in iter::once(&cursor.name()).chain(cursor.alt_names().iter()) {
+            match handle.load_cursor(self.xcb_connection(), name) {
+                Ok(cursor) => return Ok(cursor),
+                Err(err) => last_error = Some(err.into()),
             }
         }
 
-        xcursor
+        Err(last_error.unwrap())
     }
 
-    fn update_cursor(&self, window: xproto::Window, cursor: ffi::Cursor) -> Result<(), X11Error> {
+    fn update_cursor(
+        &self,
+        window: xproto::Window,
+        cursor: xproto::Cursor,
+    ) -> Result<(), X11Error> {
         self.xcb_connection()
             .change_window_attributes(
                 window,
-                &xproto::ChangeWindowAttributesAux::new().cursor(cursor as xproto::Cursor),
+                &xproto::ChangeWindowAttributesAux::new().cursor(cursor),
             )?
             .ignore_error();
 
@@ -123,51 +192,44 @@ impl Eq for CustomCursor {}
 impl CustomCursor {
     pub(crate) fn new(
         event_loop: &ActiveEventLoop,
-        cursor: PlatformCustomCursorSource,
-    ) -> Result<CustomCursor, ExternalError> {
-        unsafe {
-            let ximage = (event_loop.xconn.xcursor.XcursorImageCreate)(
-                cursor.0.width as i32,
-                cursor.0.height as i32,
-            );
-            if ximage.is_null() {
-                return Err(ExternalError::Os(os_error!(OsError::Misc(
-                    "`XcursorImageCreate` failed"
-                ))));
-            }
-            (*ximage).xhot = cursor.0.hotspot_x as u32;
-            (*ximage).yhot = cursor.0.hotspot_y as u32;
-            (*ximage).delay = 0;
+        mut cursor: PlatformCustomCursorSource,
+    ) -> Result<CustomCursor, RequestError> {
+        // Reverse RGBA order to BGRA.
+        cursor.0.rgba.chunks_mut(4).for_each(|chunk| {
+            let chunk: &mut [u8; 4] = chunk.try_into().unwrap();
+            chunk[0..3].reverse();
 
-            let dst = slice::from_raw_parts_mut((*ximage).pixels, cursor.0.rgba.len() / 4);
-            for (dst, chunk) in dst.iter_mut().zip(cursor.0.rgba.chunks_exact(4)) {
-                *dst = (chunk[0] as u32) << 16
-                    | (chunk[1] as u32) << 8
-                    | (chunk[2] as u32)
-                    | (chunk[3] as u32) << 24;
+            // Byteswap if we need to.
+            if event_loop.xconn.needs_endian_swap() {
+                let value = u32::from_ne_bytes(*chunk).swap_bytes();
+                *chunk = value.to_ne_bytes();
             }
+        });
 
-            let cursor =
-                (event_loop.xconn.xcursor.XcursorImageLoadCursor)(event_loop.xconn.display, ximage);
-            (event_loop.xconn.xcursor.XcursorImageDestroy)(ximage);
-            Ok(Self {
-                inner: Arc::new(CustomCursorInner { xconn: event_loop.xconn.clone(), cursor }),
-            })
-        }
+        let cursor = event_loop
+            .xconn
+            .create_cursor_from_image(
+                cursor.0.width,
+                cursor.0.height,
+                cursor.0.hotspot_x,
+                cursor.0.hotspot_y,
+                &cursor.0.rgba,
+            )
+            .map_err(|err| os_error!(err))?;
+
+        Ok(Self { inner: Arc::new(CustomCursorInner { xconn: event_loop.xconn.clone(), cursor }) })
     }
 }
 
 #[derive(Debug)]
 struct CustomCursorInner {
     xconn: Arc<XConnection>,
-    cursor: ffi::Cursor,
+    cursor: xproto::Cursor,
 }
 
 impl Drop for CustomCursorInner {
     fn drop(&mut self) {
-        unsafe {
-            (self.xconn.xlib.XFreeCursor)(self.xconn.display, self.cursor);
-        }
+        self.xconn.xcb_connection().free_cursor(self.cursor).map(|r| r.ignore_error()).ok();
     }
 }
 

src/platform_impl/linux/x11/util/geometry.rs

@@ -67,16 +67,21 @@ pub struct FrameExtentsHeuristic {
 }
 
 impl FrameExtentsHeuristic {
-    pub fn inner_pos_to_outer(&self, x: i32, y: i32) -> (i32, i32) {
+    pub fn surface_position(&self) -> (i32, i32) {
         use self::FrameExtentsHeuristicPath::*;
         if self.heuristic_path != UnsupportedBordered {
-            (x - self.frame_extents.left as i32, y - self.frame_extents.top as i32)
+            (self.frame_extents.left as i32, self.frame_extents.top as i32)
         } else {
-            (x, y)
+            (0, 0)
         }
     }
 
-    pub fn inner_size_to_outer(&self, width: u32, height: u32) -> (u32, u32) {
+    pub fn inner_pos_to_outer(&self, x: i32, y: i32) -> (i32, i32) {
+        let (left, top) = self.surface_position();
+        (x - left, y - top)
+    }
+
+    pub fn surface_size_to_outer(&self, width: u32, height: u32) -> (u32, u32) {
         (
             width.saturating_add(
                 self.frame_extents.left.saturating_add(self.frame_extents.right) as _
@@ -98,7 +103,7 @@ impl XConnection {
         self.xcb_connection().translate_coordinates(window, root, 0, 0)?.reply().map_err(Into::into)
     }
 
-    // This is adequate for inner_size
+    // This is adequate for surface_size
     pub fn get_geometry(
         &self,
         window: xproto::Window,

src/platform_impl/linux/x11/util/input.rs

@@ -6,7 +6,6 @@ use x11rb::protocol::xkb;
 use super::*;
 
 pub const VIRTUAL_CORE_POINTER: u16 = 2;
-pub const VIRTUAL_CORE_KEYBOARD: u16 = 3;
 
 // A base buffer size of 1kB uses a negligible amount of RAM while preventing us from having to
 // re-allocate (and make another round-trip) in the *vast* majority of cases.

src/platform_impl/linux/x11/util/memory.rs

@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ impl<'a, T> XSmartPointer<'a, T> {
     }
 }
 
-impl<'a, T> Deref for XSmartPointer<'a, T> {
+impl<T> Deref for XSmartPointer<'_, T> {
     type Target = T;
 
     fn deref(&self) -> &T {
@@ -27,13 +27,13 @@ impl<'a, T> Deref for XSmartPointer<'a, T> {
     }
 }
 
-impl<'a, T> DerefMut for XSmartPointer<'a, T> {
+impl<T> DerefMut for XSmartPointer<'_, T> {
     fn deref_mut(&mut self) -> &mut T {
         unsafe { &mut *self.ptr }
     }
 }
 
-impl<'a, T> Drop for XSmartPointer<'a, T> {
+impl<T> Drop for XSmartPointer<'_, T> {
     fn drop(&mut self) {
         unsafe {
             (self.xconn.xlib.XFree)(self.ptr as *mut _);

src/platform_impl/linux/x11/xdisplay.rs

@@ -1,11 +1,14 @@
 use std::collections::HashMap;
 use std::error::Error;
+use std::ffi::c_int;
 use std::sync::atomic::{AtomicU32, Ordering};
 use std::sync::{Arc, Mutex, RwLock, RwLockReadGuard};
 use std::{fmt, ptr};
 
+use rwh_06::HasDisplayHandle;
 use x11rb::connection::Connection;
 use x11rb::protocol::randr::ConnectionExt as _;
+use x11rb::protocol::render;
 use x11rb::protocol::xproto::{self, ConnectionExt};
 use x11rb::resource_manager;
 use x11rb::xcb_ffi::XCBConnection;
@@ -18,7 +21,6 @@ use crate::window::CursorIcon;
 /// A connection to an X server.
 pub struct XConnection {
     pub xlib: ffi::Xlib,
-    pub xcursor: ffi::Xcursor,
 
     // TODO(notgull): I'd like to remove this, but apparently Xlib and Xinput2 are tied together
     // for some reason.
@@ -55,8 +57,18 @@ pub struct XConnection {
     /// Atom for the XSettings screen.
     xsettings_screen: Option<xproto::Atom>,
 
+    /// XRender format information.
+    render_formats: render::QueryPictFormatsReply,
+
     pub latest_error: Mutex<Option<XError>>,
-    pub cursor_cache: Mutex<HashMap<Option<CursorIcon>, ffi::Cursor>>,
+    pub cursor_cache: Mutex<HashMap<Option<CursorIcon>, xproto::Cursor>>,
+}
+
+impl HasDisplayHandle for XConnection {
+    fn display_handle(&self) -> Result<rwh_06::DisplayHandle<'_>, rwh_06::HandleError> {
+        let raw = self.raw_display_handle()?;
+        unsafe { Ok(rwh_06::DisplayHandle::borrow_raw(raw)) }
+    }
 }
 
 unsafe impl Send for XConnection {}
@@ -69,7 +81,6 @@ impl XConnection {
     pub fn new(error_handler: XErrorHandler) -> Result<XConnection, XNotSupported> {
         // opening the libraries
         let xlib = ffi::Xlib::open()?;
-        let xcursor = ffi::Xcursor::open()?;
         let xlib_xcb = ffi::Xlib_xcb::open()?;
         let xinput2 = ffi::XInput2::open()?;
 
@@ -118,15 +129,22 @@ impl XConnection {
             tracing::warn!("error setting XSETTINGS; Xft options won't reload automatically")
         }
 
+        // Start getting the XRender formats.
+        let formats_cookie = render::query_pict_formats(&xcb)
+            .map_err(|e| XNotSupported::XcbConversionError(Arc::new(e)))?;
+
         // Fetch atoms.
         let atoms = Atoms::new(&xcb)
             .map_err(|e| XNotSupported::XcbConversionError(Arc::new(e)))?
             .reply()
             .map_err(|e| XNotSupported::XcbConversionError(Arc::new(e)))?;
 
+        // Finish getting everything else.
+        let formats =
+            formats_cookie.reply().map_err(|e| XNotSupported::XcbConversionError(Arc::new(e)))?;
+
         Ok(XConnection {
             xlib,
-            xcursor,
             xinput2,
             display,
             xcb: Some(xcb),
@@ -138,6 +156,7 @@ impl XConnection {
             database: RwLock::new(database),
             cursor_cache: Default::default(),
             randr_version: (randr_version.major_version, randr_version.minor_version),
+            render_formats: formats,
             xsettings_screen,
         })
     }
@@ -145,7 +164,7 @@ impl XConnection {
     fn new_xsettings_screen(xcb: &XCBConnection, default_screen: usize) -> Option<xproto::Atom> {
         // Fetch the _XSETTINGS_S[screen number] atom.
         let xsettings_screen = xcb
-            .intern_atom(false, format!("_XSETTINGS_S{}", default_screen).as_bytes())
+            .intern_atom(false, format!("_XSETTINGS_S{default_screen}").as_bytes())
             .ok()?
             .reply()
             .ok()?
@@ -257,6 +276,36 @@ impl XConnection {
     pub fn xsettings_screen(&self) -> Option<xproto::Atom> {
         self.xsettings_screen
     }
+
+    /// Get the data containing our rendering formats.
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn render_formats(&self) -> &render::QueryPictFormatsReply {
+        &self.render_formats
+    }
+
+    /// Do we need to do an endian swap?
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn needs_endian_swap(&self) -> bool {
+        #[cfg(target_endian = "big")]
+        let endian = xproto::ImageOrder::MSB_FIRST;
+        #[cfg(not(target_endian = "big"))]
+        let endian = xproto::ImageOrder::LSB_FIRST;
+
+        self.xcb_connection().setup().image_byte_order != endian
+    }
+
+    pub fn raw_display_handle(&self) -> Result<rwh_06::RawDisplayHandle, rwh_06::HandleError> {
+        let display_handle = rwh_06::XlibDisplayHandle::new(
+            // SAFETY: display will never be null
+            Some(
+                std::ptr::NonNull::new(self.display as *mut _)
+                    .expect("X11 display should never be null"),
+            ),
+            self.default_screen_index() as c_int,
+        );
+
+        Ok(display_handle.into())
+    }
 }
 
 impl fmt::Debug for XConnection {

src/platform_impl/mod.rs

@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ use self::apple as platform;
 use self::linux as platform;
 #[cfg(orbital_platform)]
 use self::orbital as platform;
+#[allow(unused_imports)]
 pub use self::platform::*;
 #[cfg(web_platform)]
 use self::web as platform;

src/platform_impl/orbital/event_loop.rs

@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-use std::any::Any;
 use std::cell::Cell;
 use std::collections::VecDeque;
 use std::sync::{mpsc, Arc, Mutex};
@@ -13,19 +12,24 @@ use orbclient::{
 use smol_str::SmolStr;
 
 use super::{
-    DeviceId, KeyEventExtra, MonitorHandle, OsError, PlatformSpecificEventLoopAttributes,
-    RedoxSocket, TimeSocket, WindowId, WindowProperties,
+    KeyEventExtra, MonitorHandle, PlatformSpecificEventLoopAttributes, RedoxSocket, TimeSocket,
+    WindowProperties,
 };
 use crate::application::ApplicationHandler;
-use crate::error::{EventLoopError, ExternalError, NotSupportedError};
+use crate::error::{EventLoopError, NotSupportedError, RequestError};
 use crate::event::{self, Ime, Modifiers, StartCause};
-use crate::event_loop::{self, ActiveEventLoop as RootActiveEventLoop, ControlFlow, DeviceEvents};
+use crate::event_loop::{
+    ActiveEventLoop as RootActiveEventLoop, ControlFlow, DeviceEvents,
+    EventLoopProxy as CoreEventLoopProxy, EventLoopProxyProvider,
+    OwnedDisplayHandle as CoreOwnedDisplayHandle,
+};
 use crate::keyboard::{
     Key, KeyCode, KeyLocation, ModifiersKeys, ModifiersState, NamedKey, NativeKey, NativeKeyCode,
     PhysicalKey,
 };
+use crate::platform_impl::Window;
 use crate::window::{
-    CustomCursor as RootCustomCursor, CustomCursorSource, Theme, WindowId as RootWindowId,
+    CustomCursor as RootCustomCursor, CustomCursorSource, Theme, Window as CoreWindow, WindowId,
 };
 
 fn convert_scancode(scancode: u8) -> (PhysicalKey, Option<NamedKey>) {
@@ -283,17 +287,10 @@ impl EventLoop {
         // events.
         let (user_events_sender, user_events_receiver) = mpsc::sync_channel(1);
 
-        let event_socket = Arc::new(
-            RedoxSocket::event()
-                .map_err(OsError::new)
-                .map_err(|error| EventLoopError::Os(os_error!(error)))?,
-        );
+        let event_socket =
+            Arc::new(RedoxSocket::event().map_err(|error| os_error!(format!("{error}")))?);
 
-        let wake_socket = Arc::new(
-            TimeSocket::open()
-                .map_err(OsError::new)
-                .map_err(|error| EventLoopError::Os(os_error!(error)))?,
-        );
+        let wake_socket = TimeSocket::open().map_err(|error| os_error!(format!("{error}")))?;
 
         event_socket
             .write(&syscall::Event {
@@ -301,8 +298,7 @@ impl EventLoop {
                 flags: syscall::EventFlags::EVENT_READ,
                 data: wake_socket.0.fd,
             })
-            .map_err(OsError::new)
-            .map_err(|error| EventLoopError::Os(os_error!(error)))?;
+            .map_err(|error| os_error!(format!("{error}")))?;
 
         Ok(Self {
             windows: Vec::new(),
@@ -313,8 +309,7 @@ impl EventLoop {
                 redraws: Arc::new(Mutex::new(VecDeque::new())),
                 destroys: Arc::new(Mutex::new(VecDeque::new())),
                 event_socket,
-                wake_socket,
-                user_events_sender,
+                event_loop_proxy: Arc::new(EventLoopProxy { wake_socket, user_events_sender }),
             },
             user_events_receiver,
         })
@@ -368,9 +363,8 @@ impl EventLoop {
                     key_without_modifiers = logical_key.clone();
                 }
 
-                let window_id = RootWindowId(window_id);
                 let event = event::WindowEvent::KeyboardInput {
-                    device_id: event::DeviceId(DeviceId),
+                    device_id: None,
                     event: event::KeyEvent {
                         logical_key,
                         physical_key,
@@ -400,82 +394,64 @@ impl EventLoop {
             EventOption::TextInput(TextInputEvent { character }) => {
                 app.window_event(
                     window_target,
-                    RootWindowId(window_id),
+                    window_id,
                     event::WindowEvent::Ime(Ime::Preedit("".into(), None)),
                 );
                 app.window_event(
                     window_target,
-                    RootWindowId(window_id),
+                    window_id,
                     event::WindowEvent::Ime(Ime::Commit(character.into())),
                 );
             },
             EventOption::Mouse(MouseEvent { x, y }) => {
-                app.window_event(
-                    window_target,
-                    RootWindowId(window_id),
-                    event::WindowEvent::CursorMoved {
-                        device_id: event::DeviceId(DeviceId),
-                        position: (x, y).into(),
-                    },
-                );
+                app.window_event(window_target, window_id, event::WindowEvent::PointerMoved {
+                    device_id: None,
+                    primary: true,
+                    position: (x, y).into(),
+                    source: event::PointerSource::Mouse,
+                });
             },
             EventOption::MouseRelative(MouseRelativeEvent { dx, dy }) => {
-                app.device_event(
-                    window_target,
-                    event::DeviceId(DeviceId),
-                    event::DeviceEvent::MouseMotion { delta: (dx as f64, dy as f64) },
-                );
+                app.device_event(window_target, None, event::DeviceEvent::PointerMotion {
+                    delta: (dx as f64, dy as f64),
+                });
             },
             EventOption::Button(ButtonEvent { left, middle, right }) => {
                 while let Some((button, state)) = event_state.mouse(left, middle, right) {
-                    app.window_event(
-                        window_target,
-                        RootWindowId(window_id),
-                        event::WindowEvent::MouseInput {
-                            device_id: event::DeviceId(DeviceId),
-                            state,
-                            button,
-                        },
-                    );
+                    app.window_event(window_target, window_id, event::WindowEvent::PointerButton {
+                        device_id: None,
+                        primary: true,
+                        state,
+                        position: dpi::PhysicalPosition::default(),
+                        button: button.into(),
+                    });
                 }
             },
             EventOption::Scroll(ScrollEvent { x, y }) => {
-                app.window_event(
-                    window_target,
-                    RootWindowId(window_id),
-                    event::WindowEvent::MouseWheel {
-                        device_id: event::DeviceId(DeviceId),
-                        delta: event::MouseScrollDelta::LineDelta(x as f32, y as f32),
-                        phase: event::TouchPhase::Moved,
-                    },
-                );
+                app.window_event(window_target, window_id, event::WindowEvent::MouseWheel {
+                    device_id: None,
+                    delta: event::MouseScrollDelta::LineDelta(x as f32, y as f32),
+                    phase: event::TouchPhase::Moved,
+                });
             },
             EventOption::Quit(QuitEvent {}) => {
-                app.window_event(
-                    window_target,
-                    RootWindowId(window_id),
-                    event::WindowEvent::CloseRequested,
-                );
+                app.window_event(window_target, window_id, event::WindowEvent::CloseRequested);
             },
             EventOption::Focus(FocusEvent { focused }) => {
-                app.window_event(
-                    window_target,
-                    RootWindowId(window_id),
-                    event::WindowEvent::Focused(focused),
-                );
+                app.window_event(window_target, window_id, event::WindowEvent::Focused(focused));
             },
             EventOption::Move(MoveEvent { x, y }) => {
                 app.window_event(
                     window_target,
-                    RootWindowId(window_id),
+                    window_id,
                     event::WindowEvent::Moved((x, y).into()),
                 );
             },
             EventOption::Resize(ResizeEvent { width, height }) => {
                 app.window_event(
                     window_target,
-                    RootWindowId(window_id),
-                    event::WindowEvent::Resized((width, height).into()),
+                    window_id,
+                    event::WindowEvent::SurfaceResized((width, height).into()),
                 );
 
                 // Acknowledge resize after event loop.
@@ -484,12 +460,22 @@ impl EventLoop {
             // TODO: Screen, Clipboard, Drop
             EventOption::Hover(HoverEvent { entered }) => {
                 let event = if entered {
-                    event::WindowEvent::CursorEntered { device_id: event::DeviceId(DeviceId) }
+                    event::WindowEvent::PointerEntered {
+                        device_id: None,
+                        primary: true,
+                        position: dpi::PhysicalPosition::default(),
+                        kind: event::PointerKind::Mouse,
+                    }
                 } else {
-                    event::WindowEvent::CursorLeft { device_id: event::DeviceId(DeviceId) }
+                    event::WindowEvent::PointerLeft {
+                        device_id: None,
+                        primary: true,
+                        position: None,
+                        kind: event::PointerKind::Mouse,
+                    }
                 };
 
-                app.window_event(window_target, RootWindowId(window_id), event);
+                app.window_event(window_target, window_id, event);
             },
             other => {
                 tracing::warn!("unhandled event: {:?}", other);
@@ -511,7 +497,7 @@ impl EventLoop {
                 let mut creates = self.window_target.creates.lock().unwrap();
                 creates.pop_front()
             } {
-                let window_id = WindowId { fd: window.fd as u64 };
+                let window_id = WindowId::from_raw(window.fd);
 
                 let mut buf: [u8; 4096] = [0; 4096];
                 let path = window.fpath(&mut buf).expect("failed to read properties");
@@ -519,10 +505,8 @@ impl EventLoop {
 
                 self.windows.push((window, EventState::default()));
 
-                let window_id = RootWindowId(window_id);
-
                 // Send resize event on create to indicate first size.
-                let event = event::WindowEvent::Resized((properties.w, properties.h).into());
+                let event = event::WindowEvent::SurfaceResized((properties.w, properties.h).into());
                 app.window_event(&self.window_target, window_id, event);
 
                 // Send moved event on create to indicate first position.
@@ -535,16 +519,16 @@ impl EventLoop {
                 let mut destroys = self.window_target.destroys.lock().unwrap();
                 destroys.pop_front()
             } {
-                let window_id = RootWindowId(destroy_id);
-                app.window_event(&self.window_target, window_id, event::WindowEvent::Destroyed);
-                self.windows.retain(|(window, _event_state)| window.fd as u64 != destroy_id.fd);
+                app.window_event(&self.window_target, destroy_id, event::WindowEvent::Destroyed);
+                self.windows
+                    .retain(|(window, _event_state)| WindowId::from_raw(window.fd) != destroy_id);
             }
 
             // Handle window events.
             let mut i = 0;
             // While loop is used here because the same window may be processed more than once.
             while let Some((window, event_state)) = self.windows.get_mut(i) {
-                let window_id = WindowId { fd: window.fd as u64 };
+                let window_id = WindowId::from_raw(window.fd);
 
                 let mut event_buf = [0u8; 16 * mem::size_of::<orbclient::Event>()];
                 let count =
@@ -602,7 +586,7 @@ impl EventLoop {
             } {
                 app.window_event(
                     &self.window_target,
-                    RootWindowId(window_id),
+                    window_id,
                     event::WindowEvent::RedrawRequested,
                 );
             }
@@ -682,11 +666,11 @@ impl EventLoop {
 
 pub struct EventLoopProxy {
     user_events_sender: mpsc::SyncSender<()>,
-    wake_socket: Arc<TimeSocket>,
+    pub(super) wake_socket: TimeSocket,
 }
 
-impl EventLoopProxy {
-    pub fn wake_up(&self) {
+impl EventLoopProxyProvider for EventLoopProxy {
+    fn wake_up(&self) {
         // When we fail to send the event it means that we haven't woken up to read the previous
         // event.
         if self.user_events_sender.try_send(()).is_ok() {
@@ -695,15 +679,6 @@ impl EventLoopProxy {
     }
 }
 
-impl Clone for EventLoopProxy {
-    fn clone(&self) -> Self {
-        Self {
-            user_events_sender: self.user_events_sender.clone(),
-            wake_socket: self.wake_socket.clone(),
-        }
-    }
-}
-
 impl Unpin for EventLoopProxy {}
 
 pub struct ActiveEventLoop {
@@ -713,33 +688,26 @@ pub struct ActiveEventLoop {
     pub(super) redraws: Arc<Mutex<VecDeque<WindowId>>>,
     pub(super) destroys: Arc<Mutex<VecDeque<WindowId>>>,
     pub(super) event_socket: Arc<RedoxSocket>,
-    pub(super) wake_socket: Arc<TimeSocket>,
-    user_events_sender: mpsc::SyncSender<()>,
+    pub(super) event_loop_proxy: Arc<EventLoopProxy>,
 }
 
 impl RootActiveEventLoop for ActiveEventLoop {
-    fn create_proxy(&self) -> event_loop::EventLoopProxy {
-        event_loop::EventLoopProxy {
-            event_loop_proxy: EventLoopProxy {
-                user_events_sender: self.user_events_sender.clone(),
-                wake_socket: self.wake_socket.clone(),
-            },
-        }
+    fn create_proxy(&self) -> CoreEventLoopProxy {
+        CoreEventLoopProxy::new(self.event_loop_proxy.clone())
     }
 
     fn create_window(
         &self,
         window_attributes: crate::window::WindowAttributes,
-    ) -> Result<crate::window::Window, crate::error::OsError> {
-        let window = crate::platform_impl::Window::new(self, window_attributes)?;
-        Ok(crate::window::Window { window })
+    ) -> Result<Box<dyn CoreWindow>, RequestError> {
+        Ok(Box::new(Window::new(self, window_attributes)?))
     }
 
     fn create_custom_cursor(
         &self,
         _: CustomCursorSource,
-    ) -> Result<RootCustomCursor, ExternalError> {
-        Err(ExternalError::NotSupported(NotSupportedError::new()))
+    ) -> Result<RootCustomCursor, RequestError> {
+        Err(NotSupportedError::new("create_custom_cursor is not supported").into())
     }
 
     fn available_monitors(&self) -> Box<dyn Iterator<Item = crate::monitor::MonitorHandle>> {
@@ -774,21 +742,15 @@ impl RootActiveEventLoop for ActiveEventLoop {
         self.exit.get()
     }
 
-    fn owned_display_handle(&self) -> event_loop::OwnedDisplayHandle {
-        event_loop::OwnedDisplayHandle { platform: OwnedDisplayHandle }
+    fn owned_display_handle(&self) -> CoreOwnedDisplayHandle {
+        CoreOwnedDisplayHandle::new(Arc::new(OwnedDisplayHandle))
     }
 
-    fn as_any(&self) -> &dyn Any {
-        self
-    }
-
-    #[cfg(feature = "rwh_06")]
     fn rwh_06_handle(&self) -> &dyn rwh_06::HasDisplayHandle {
         self
     }
 }
 
-#[cfg(feature = "rwh_06")]
 impl rwh_06::HasDisplayHandle for ActiveEventLoop {
     fn display_handle(&self) -> Result<rwh_06::DisplayHandle<'_>, rwh_06::HandleError> {
         let raw = rwh_06::RawDisplayHandle::Orbital(rwh_06::OrbitalDisplayHandle::new());
@@ -796,15 +758,12 @@ impl rwh_06::HasDisplayHandle for ActiveEventLoop {
     }
 }
 
-#[derive(Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+#[derive(Clone)]
 pub(crate) struct OwnedDisplayHandle;
 
-impl OwnedDisplayHandle {
-    #[cfg(feature = "rwh_06")]
-    #[inline]
-    pub fn raw_display_handle_rwh_06(
-        &self,
-    ) -> Result<rwh_06::RawDisplayHandle, rwh_06::HandleError> {
-        Ok(rwh_06::OrbitalDisplayHandle::new().into())
+impl rwh_06::HasDisplayHandle for OwnedDisplayHandle {
+    fn display_handle(&self) -> Result<rwh_06::DisplayHandle<'_>, rwh_06::HandleError> {
+        let raw = rwh_06::RawDisplayHandle::Orbital(rwh_06::OrbitalDisplayHandle::new());
+        unsafe { Ok(rwh_06::DisplayHandle::borrow_raw(raw)) }
     }
 }

src/platform_impl/orbital/mod.rs

@@ -1,13 +1,11 @@
 #![cfg(target_os = "redox")]
 
-use std::fmt::{self, Display, Formatter};
 use std::num::{NonZeroU16, NonZeroU32};
-use std::str;
-use std::sync::Arc;
+use std::{fmt, str};
 
 use smol_str::SmolStr;
 
-pub(crate) use self::event_loop::{ActiveEventLoop, EventLoop, EventLoopProxy, OwnedDisplayHandle};
+pub(crate) use self::event_loop::{ActiveEventLoop, EventLoop};
 use crate::dpi::{PhysicalPosition, PhysicalSize};
 use crate::keyboard::Key;
 mod event_loop;
@@ -15,6 +13,11 @@ mod event_loop;
 pub use self::window::Window;
 mod window;
 
+pub(crate) use crate::cursor::{
+    NoCustomCursor as PlatformCustomCursor, NoCustomCursor as PlatformCustomCursorSource,
+};
+pub(crate) use crate::icon::NoIcon as PlatformIcon;
+
 struct RedoxSocket {
     fd: usize,
 }
@@ -96,47 +99,6 @@ impl TimeSocket {
 #[derive(Default, Debug, Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
 pub(crate) struct PlatformSpecificEventLoopAttributes {}
 
-#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, Eq, Hash, Ord, PartialEq, PartialOrd)]
-pub struct WindowId {
-    fd: u64,
-}
-
-impl WindowId {
-    pub const fn dummy() -> Self {
-        WindowId { fd: u64::MAX }
-    }
-}
-
-impl From<WindowId> for u64 {
-    fn from(id: WindowId) -> Self {
-        id.fd
-    }
-}
-
-impl From<u64> for WindowId {
-    fn from(fd: u64) -> Self {
-        Self { fd }
-    }
-}
-
-#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, Eq, Hash, Ord, PartialEq, PartialOrd)]
-pub struct DeviceId;
-
-impl DeviceId {
-    pub const fn dummy() -> Self {
-        DeviceId
-    }
-}
-
-#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, Eq, Hash, Ord, PartialEq, PartialOrd)]
-pub struct FingerId;
-
-impl FingerId {
-    pub const fn dummy() -> Self {
-        FingerId
-    }
-}
-
 #[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, Default, Eq, PartialEq)]
 pub struct PlatformSpecificWindowAttributes;
 
@@ -163,7 +125,7 @@ impl<'a> WindowProperties<'a> {
     }
 }
 
-impl<'a> fmt::Display for WindowProperties<'a> {
+impl fmt::Display for WindowProperties<'_> {
     fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
         write!(
             f,
@@ -173,26 +135,6 @@ impl<'a> fmt::Display for WindowProperties<'a> {
     }
 }
 
-#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
-pub struct OsError(Arc<syscall::Error>);
-
-impl OsError {
-    fn new(error: syscall::Error) -> Self {
-        Self(Arc::new(error))
-    }
-}
-
-impl Display for OsError {
-    fn fmt(&self, fmt: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> Result<(), fmt::Error> {
-        self.0.fmt(fmt)
-    }
-}
-
-pub(crate) use crate::cursor::{
-    NoCustomCursor as PlatformCustomCursor, NoCustomCursor as PlatformCustomCursorSource,
-};
-pub(crate) use crate::icon::NoIcon as PlatformIcon;
-
 #[derive(Clone, Debug, Eq, Hash, Ord, PartialEq, PartialOrd)]
 pub struct MonitorHandle;
 

src/platform_impl/orbital/window.rs

@@ -1,14 +1,13 @@
 use std::collections::VecDeque;
 use std::sync::{Arc, Mutex};
 
-use super::{
-    ActiveEventLoop, MonitorHandle, OsError, RedoxSocket, TimeSocket, WindowId, WindowProperties,
-};
+use super::event_loop::EventLoopProxy;
+use super::{ActiveEventLoop, MonitorHandle, RedoxSocket, WindowProperties};
 use crate::cursor::Cursor;
-use crate::dpi::{PhysicalPosition, PhysicalSize, Position, Size};
-use crate::platform_impl::Fullscreen;
-use crate::window::ImePurpose;
-use crate::{error, window};
+use crate::dpi::{PhysicalInsets, PhysicalPosition, PhysicalSize, Position, Size};
+use crate::error::{NotSupportedError, RequestError};
+use crate::monitor::MonitorHandle as CoreMonitorHandle;
+use crate::window::{self, Fullscreen, ImePurpose, Window as CoreWindow, WindowId};
 
 // These values match the values uses in the `window_new` function in orbital:
 // https://gitlab.redox-os.org/redox-os/orbital/-/blob/master/src/scheme.rs
@@ -25,14 +24,14 @@ pub struct Window {
     window_socket: Arc<RedoxSocket>,
     redraws: Arc<Mutex<VecDeque<WindowId>>>,
     destroys: Arc<Mutex<VecDeque<WindowId>>>,
-    wake_socket: Arc<TimeSocket>,
+    event_loop_proxy: Arc<EventLoopProxy>,
 }
 
 impl Window {
     pub(crate) fn new(
         el: &ActiveEventLoop,
         attrs: window::WindowAttributes,
-    ) -> Result<Self, error::OsError> {
+    ) -> Result<Self, RequestError> {
         let scale = MonitorHandle.scale_factor();
 
         let (x, y) = if let Some(pos) = attrs.position {
@@ -42,13 +41,13 @@ impl Window {
             (-1, -1)
         };
 
-        let (w, h): (u32, u32) = if let Some(size) = attrs.inner_size {
+        let (w, h): (u32, u32) = if let Some(size) = attrs.surface_size {
             size.to_physical::<u32>(scale).into()
         } else {
             (1024, 768)
         };
 
-        // TODO: min/max inner_size
+        // TODO: min/max surface_size
 
         // Async by default.
         let mut flag_str = ORBITAL_FLAG_ASYNC.to_string();
@@ -115,89 +114,97 @@ impl Window {
             creates.push_back(window_socket.clone());
         }
 
-        el.wake_socket.wake().unwrap();
+        el.event_loop_proxy.wake_socket.wake().unwrap();
 
         Ok(Self {
             window_socket,
             redraws: el.redraws.clone(),
             destroys: el.destroys.clone(),
-            wake_socket: el.wake_socket.clone(),
+            event_loop_proxy: el.event_loop_proxy.clone(),
         })
     }
 
-    pub(crate) fn maybe_queue_on_main(&self, f: impl FnOnce(&Self) + Send + 'static) {
-        f(self)
-    }
-
-    pub(crate) fn maybe_wait_on_main<R: Send>(&self, f: impl FnOnce(&Self) -> R + Send) -> R {
-        f(self)
-    }
-
-    fn get_flag(&self, flag: char) -> Result<bool, error::ExternalError> {
+    fn get_flag(&self, flag: char) -> Result<bool, RequestError> {
         let mut buf: [u8; 4096] = [0; 4096];
-        let path = self
-            .window_socket
-            .fpath(&mut buf)
-            .map_err(|err| error::ExternalError::Os(os_error!(OsError::new(err))))?;
+        let path = self.window_socket.fpath(&mut buf).map_err(|err| os_error!(format!("{err}")))?;
         let properties = WindowProperties::new(path);
         Ok(properties.flags.contains(flag))
     }
 
-    fn set_flag(&self, flag: char, value: bool) -> Result<(), error::ExternalError> {
+    fn set_flag(&self, flag: char, value: bool) -> Result<(), RequestError> {
         self.window_socket
             .write(format!("F,{flag},{}", if value { 1 } else { 0 }).as_bytes())
-            .map_err(|err| error::ExternalError::Os(os_error!(OsError::new(err))))?;
+            .map_err(|err| os_error!(format!("{err}")))?;
         Ok(())
     }
 
     #[inline]
-    pub fn id(&self) -> WindowId {
-        WindowId { fd: self.window_socket.fd as u64 }
+    fn raw_window_handle_rwh_06(&self) -> Result<rwh_06::RawWindowHandle, rwh_06::HandleError> {
+        let handle = rwh_06::OrbitalWindowHandle::new({
+            let window = self.window_socket.fd as *mut _;
+            std::ptr::NonNull::new(window).expect("orbital fd should never be null")
+        });
+        Ok(rwh_06::RawWindowHandle::Orbital(handle))
     }
 
     #[inline]
-    pub fn primary_monitor(&self) -> Option<MonitorHandle> {
-        Some(MonitorHandle)
+    fn raw_display_handle_rwh_06(&self) -> Result<rwh_06::RawDisplayHandle, rwh_06::HandleError> {
+        Ok(rwh_06::RawDisplayHandle::Orbital(rwh_06::OrbitalDisplayHandle::new()))
+    }
+}
+
+impl CoreWindow for Window {
+    fn id(&self) -> WindowId {
+        WindowId::from_raw(self.window_socket.fd)
     }
 
     #[inline]
-    pub fn available_monitors(&self) -> VecDeque<MonitorHandle> {
-        let mut v = VecDeque::with_capacity(1);
-        v.push_back(MonitorHandle);
-        v
+    fn primary_monitor(&self) -> Option<CoreMonitorHandle> {
+        Some(CoreMonitorHandle { inner: MonitorHandle })
     }
 
     #[inline]
-    pub fn current_monitor(&self) -> Option<MonitorHandle> {
-        Some(MonitorHandle)
+    fn available_monitors(&self) -> Box<dyn Iterator<Item = CoreMonitorHandle>> {
+        Box::new(vec![CoreMonitorHandle { inner: MonitorHandle }].into_iter())
     }
 
     #[inline]
-    pub fn scale_factor(&self) -> f64 {
+    fn current_monitor(&self) -> Option<CoreMonitorHandle> {
+        Some(CoreMonitorHandle { inner: MonitorHandle })
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn scale_factor(&self) -> f64 {
         MonitorHandle.scale_factor()
     }
 
     #[inline]
-    pub fn request_redraw(&self) {
+    fn request_redraw(&self) {
         let window_id = self.id();
         let mut redraws = self.redraws.lock().unwrap();
         if !redraws.contains(&window_id) {
             redraws.push_back(window_id);
 
-            self.wake_socket.wake().unwrap();
+            self.event_loop_proxy.wake_socket.wake().unwrap();
         }
     }
 
     #[inline]
-    pub fn pre_present_notify(&self) {}
+    fn pre_present_notify(&self) {}
 
     #[inline]
-    pub fn reset_dead_keys(&self) {
+    fn reset_dead_keys(&self) {
         // TODO?
     }
 
     #[inline]
-    pub fn inner_position(&self) -> Result<PhysicalPosition<i32>, error::NotSupportedError> {
+    fn surface_position(&self) -> PhysicalPosition<i32> {
+        // TODO: adjust for window decorations
+        (0, 0).into()
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn outer_position(&self) -> Result<PhysicalPosition<i32>, RequestError> {
         let mut buf: [u8; 4096] = [0; 4096];
         let path = self.window_socket.fpath(&mut buf).expect("failed to read properties");
         let properties = WindowProperties::new(path);
@@ -205,20 +212,14 @@ impl Window {
     }
 
     #[inline]
-    pub fn outer_position(&self) -> Result<PhysicalPosition<i32>, error::NotSupportedError> {
-        // TODO: adjust for window decorations
-        self.inner_position()
-    }
-
-    #[inline]
-    pub fn set_outer_position(&self, position: Position) {
+    fn set_outer_position(&self, position: Position) {
         // TODO: adjust for window decorations
         let (x, y): (i32, i32) = position.to_physical::<i32>(self.scale_factor()).into();
         self.window_socket.write(format!("P,{x},{y}").as_bytes()).expect("failed to set position");
     }
 
     #[inline]
-    pub fn inner_size(&self) -> PhysicalSize<u32> {
+    fn surface_size(&self) -> PhysicalSize<u32> {
         let mut buf: [u8; 4096] = [0; 4096];
         let path = self.window_socket.fpath(&mut buf).expect("failed to read properties");
         let properties = WindowProperties::new(path);
@@ -226,26 +227,30 @@ impl Window {
     }
 
     #[inline]
-    pub fn request_inner_size(&self, size: Size) -> Option<PhysicalSize<u32>> {
+    fn request_surface_size(&self, size: Size) -> Option<PhysicalSize<u32>> {
         let (w, h): (u32, u32) = size.to_physical::<u32>(self.scale_factor()).into();
         self.window_socket.write(format!("S,{w},{h}").as_bytes()).expect("failed to set size");
         None
     }
 
     #[inline]
-    pub fn outer_size(&self) -> PhysicalSize<u32> {
+    fn outer_size(&self) -> PhysicalSize<u32> {
         // TODO: adjust for window decorations
-        self.inner_size()
+        self.surface_size()
+    }
+
+    fn safe_area(&self) -> PhysicalInsets<u32> {
+        PhysicalInsets::new(0, 0, 0, 0)
     }
 
     #[inline]
-    pub fn set_min_inner_size(&self, _: Option<Size>) {}
+    fn set_min_surface_size(&self, _: Option<Size>) {}
 
     #[inline]
-    pub fn set_max_inner_size(&self, _: Option<Size>) {}
+    fn set_max_surface_size(&self, _: Option<Size>) {}
 
     #[inline]
-    pub fn title(&self) -> String {
+    fn title(&self) -> String {
         let mut buf: [u8; 4096] = [0; 4096];
         let path = self.window_socket.fpath(&mut buf).expect("failed to read properties");
         let properties = WindowProperties::new(path);
@@ -253,84 +258,82 @@ impl Window {
     }
 
     #[inline]
-    pub fn set_title(&self, title: &str) {
+    fn set_title(&self, title: &str) {
         self.window_socket.write(format!("T,{title}").as_bytes()).expect("failed to set title");
     }
 
     #[inline]
-    pub fn set_transparent(&self, transparent: bool) {
+    fn set_transparent(&self, transparent: bool) {
         let _ = self.set_flag(ORBITAL_FLAG_TRANSPARENT, transparent);
     }
 
     #[inline]
-    pub fn set_blur(&self, _blur: bool) {}
+    fn set_blur(&self, _blur: bool) {}
 
     #[inline]
-    pub fn set_visible(&self, visible: bool) {
+    fn set_visible(&self, visible: bool) {
         let _ = self.set_flag(ORBITAL_FLAG_HIDDEN, !visible);
     }
 
     #[inline]
-    pub fn is_visible(&self) -> Option<bool> {
+    fn is_visible(&self) -> Option<bool> {
         Some(!self.get_flag(ORBITAL_FLAG_HIDDEN).unwrap_or(false))
     }
 
     #[inline]
-    pub fn resize_increments(&self) -> Option<PhysicalSize<u32>> {
+    fn surface_resize_increments(&self) -> Option<PhysicalSize<u32>> {
         None
     }
 
     #[inline]
-    pub fn set_resize_increments(&self, _increments: Option<Size>) {}
+    fn set_surface_resize_increments(&self, _increments: Option<Size>) {}
 
     #[inline]
-    pub fn set_resizable(&self, resizeable: bool) {
+    fn set_resizable(&self, resizeable: bool) {
         let _ = self.set_flag(ORBITAL_FLAG_RESIZABLE, resizeable);
     }
 
     #[inline]
-    pub fn is_resizable(&self) -> bool {
+    fn is_resizable(&self) -> bool {
         self.get_flag(ORBITAL_FLAG_RESIZABLE).unwrap_or(false)
     }
 
     #[inline]
-    pub fn set_minimized(&self, _minimized: bool) {}
+    fn set_minimized(&self, _minimized: bool) {}
 
     #[inline]
-    pub fn is_minimized(&self) -> Option<bool> {
+    fn is_minimized(&self) -> Option<bool> {
         None
     }
 
     #[inline]
-    pub fn set_maximized(&self, maximized: bool) {
+    fn set_maximized(&self, maximized: bool) {
         let _ = self.set_flag(ORBITAL_FLAG_MAXIMIZED, maximized);
     }
 
     #[inline]
-    pub fn is_maximized(&self) -> bool {
+    fn is_maximized(&self) -> bool {
         self.get_flag(ORBITAL_FLAG_MAXIMIZED).unwrap_or(false)
     }
 
-    #[inline]
-    pub(crate) fn set_fullscreen(&self, _monitor: Option<Fullscreen>) {}
+    fn set_fullscreen(&self, _monitor: Option<Fullscreen>) {}
 
-    #[inline]
-    pub(crate) fn fullscreen(&self) -> Option<Fullscreen> {
+    fn fullscreen(&self) -> Option<Fullscreen> {
         None
     }
 
     #[inline]
-    pub fn set_decorations(&self, decorations: bool) {
+    fn set_decorations(&self, decorations: bool) {
         let _ = self.set_flag(ORBITAL_FLAG_BORDERLESS, !decorations);
     }
 
     #[inline]
-    pub fn is_decorated(&self) -> bool {
+    fn is_decorated(&self) -> bool {
         !self.get_flag(ORBITAL_FLAG_BORDERLESS).unwrap_or(false)
     }
 
     #[inline]
-    pub fn set_window_level(&self, level: window::WindowLevel) {
+    fn set_window_level(&self, level: window::WindowLevel) {
         match level {
             window::WindowLevel::AlwaysOnBottom => {
                 let _ = self.set_flag(ORBITAL_FLAG_BACK, true);
@@ -346,36 +349,33 @@ impl Window {
     }
 
     #[inline]
-    pub fn set_window_icon(&self, _window_icon: Option<crate::icon::Icon>) {}
+    fn set_window_icon(&self, _window_icon: Option<crate::icon::Icon>) {}
 
     #[inline]
-    pub fn set_ime_cursor_area(&self, _position: Position, _size: Size) {}
+    fn set_ime_cursor_area(&self, _position: Position, _size: Size) {}
 
     #[inline]
-    pub fn set_ime_allowed(&self, _allowed: bool) {}
+    fn set_ime_allowed(&self, _allowed: bool) {}
 
     #[inline]
-    pub fn set_ime_purpose(&self, _purpose: ImePurpose) {}
+    fn set_ime_purpose(&self, _purpose: ImePurpose) {}
 
     #[inline]
-    pub fn focus_window(&self) {}
+    fn focus_window(&self) {}
 
     #[inline]
-    pub fn request_user_attention(&self, _request_type: Option<window::UserAttentionType>) {}
+    fn request_user_attention(&self, _request_type: Option<window::UserAttentionType>) {}
 
     #[inline]
-    pub fn set_cursor(&self, _: Cursor) {}
+    fn set_cursor(&self, _: Cursor) {}
 
     #[inline]
-    pub fn set_cursor_position(&self, _: Position) -> Result<(), error::ExternalError> {
-        Err(error::ExternalError::NotSupported(error::NotSupportedError::new()))
+    fn set_cursor_position(&self, _: Position) -> Result<(), RequestError> {
+        Err(NotSupportedError::new("set_cursor_position is not supported").into())
     }
 
     #[inline]
-    pub fn set_cursor_grab(
-        &self,
-        mode: window::CursorGrabMode,
-    ) -> Result<(), error::ExternalError> {
+    fn set_cursor_grab(&self, mode: window::CursorGrabMode) -> Result<(), RequestError> {
         let (grab, relative) = match mode {
             window::CursorGrabMode::None => (false, false),
             window::CursorGrabMode::Confined => (true, false),
@@ -383,31 +383,26 @@ impl Window {
         };
         self.window_socket
             .write(format!("M,G,{}", if grab { 1 } else { 0 }).as_bytes())
-            .map_err(|err| error::ExternalError::Os(os_error!(OsError::new(err))))?;
+            .map_err(|err| os_error!(format!("{err}")))?;
         self.window_socket
             .write(format!("M,R,{}", if relative { 1 } else { 0 }).as_bytes())
-            .map_err(|err| error::ExternalError::Os(os_error!(OsError::new(err))))?;
+            .map_err(|err| os_error!(format!("{err}")))?;
         Ok(())
     }
 
     #[inline]
-    pub fn set_cursor_visible(&self, visible: bool) {
+    fn set_cursor_visible(&self, visible: bool) {
         let _ = self.window_socket.write(format!("M,C,{}", if visible { 1 } else { 0 }).as_bytes());
     }
 
     #[inline]
-    pub fn drag_window(&self) -> Result<(), error::ExternalError> {
-        self.window_socket
-            .write(b"D")
-            .map_err(|err| error::ExternalError::Os(os_error!(OsError::new(err))))?;
+    fn drag_window(&self) -> Result<(), RequestError> {
+        self.window_socket.write(b"D").map_err(|err| os_error!(format!("{err}")))?;
         Ok(())
     }
 
     #[inline]
-    pub fn drag_resize_window(
-        &self,
-        direction: window::ResizeDirection,
-    ) -> Result<(), error::ExternalError> {
+    fn drag_resize_window(&self, direction: window::ResizeDirection) -> Result<(), RequestError> {
         let arg = match direction {
             window::ResizeDirection::East => "R",
             window::ResizeDirection::North => "T",
@@ -419,59 +414,63 @@ impl Window {
             window::ResizeDirection::West => "L",
         };
         self.window_socket
-            .write(format!("D,{}", arg).as_bytes())
-            .map_err(|err| error::ExternalError::Os(os_error!(OsError::new(err))))?;
+            .write(format!("D,{arg}").as_bytes())
+            .map_err(|err| os_error!(format!("{err}")))?;
         Ok(())
     }
 
     #[inline]
-    pub fn show_window_menu(&self, _position: Position) {}
+    fn show_window_menu(&self, _position: Position) {}
 
     #[inline]
-    pub fn set_cursor_hittest(&self, _hittest: bool) -> Result<(), error::ExternalError> {
-        Err(error::ExternalError::NotSupported(error::NotSupportedError::new()))
-    }
-
-    #[cfg(feature = "rwh_06")]
-    #[inline]
-    pub fn raw_window_handle_rwh_06(&self) -> Result<rwh_06::RawWindowHandle, rwh_06::HandleError> {
-        let handle = rwh_06::OrbitalWindowHandle::new({
-            let window = self.window_socket.fd as *mut _;
-            std::ptr::NonNull::new(window).expect("orbital fd should never be null")
-        });
-        Ok(rwh_06::RawWindowHandle::Orbital(handle))
-    }
-
-    #[cfg(feature = "rwh_06")]
-    #[inline]
-    pub fn raw_display_handle_rwh_06(
-        &self,
-    ) -> Result<rwh_06::RawDisplayHandle, rwh_06::HandleError> {
-        Ok(rwh_06::RawDisplayHandle::Orbital(rwh_06::OrbitalDisplayHandle::new()))
+    fn set_cursor_hittest(&self, _hittest: bool) -> Result<(), RequestError> {
+        Err(NotSupportedError::new("set_cursor_hittest is not supported").into())
     }
 
     #[inline]
-    pub fn set_enabled_buttons(&self, _buttons: window::WindowButtons) {}
+    fn set_enabled_buttons(&self, _buttons: window::WindowButtons) {}
 
     #[inline]
-    pub fn enabled_buttons(&self) -> window::WindowButtons {
+    fn enabled_buttons(&self) -> window::WindowButtons {
         window::WindowButtons::all()
     }
 
     #[inline]
-    pub fn theme(&self) -> Option<window::Theme> {
+    fn theme(&self) -> Option<window::Theme> {
         None
     }
 
     #[inline]
-    pub fn has_focus(&self) -> bool {
+    fn has_focus(&self) -> bool {
         false
     }
 
     #[inline]
-    pub fn set_theme(&self, _theme: Option<window::Theme>) {}
+    fn set_theme(&self, _theme: Option<window::Theme>) {}
 
-    pub fn set_content_protected(&self, _protected: bool) {}
+    fn set_content_protected(&self, _protected: bool) {}
+
+    fn rwh_06_window_handle(&self) -> &dyn rwh_06::HasWindowHandle {
+        self
+    }
+
+    fn rwh_06_display_handle(&self) -> &dyn rwh_06::HasDisplayHandle {
+        self
+    }
+}
+
+impl rwh_06::HasWindowHandle for Window {
+    fn window_handle(&self) -> Result<rwh_06::WindowHandle<'_>, rwh_06::HandleError> {
+        let raw = self.raw_window_handle_rwh_06()?;
+        unsafe { Ok(rwh_06::WindowHandle::borrow_raw(raw)) }
+    }
+}
+
+impl rwh_06::HasDisplayHandle for Window {
+    fn display_handle(&self) -> Result<rwh_06::DisplayHandle<'_>, rwh_06::HandleError> {
+        let raw = self.raw_display_handle_rwh_06()?;
+        unsafe { Ok(rwh_06::DisplayHandle::borrow_raw(raw)) }
+    }
 }
 
 impl Drop for Window {
@@ -481,6 +480,6 @@ impl Drop for Window {
             destroys.push_back(self.id());
         }
 
-        self.wake_socket.wake().unwrap();
+        self.event_loop_proxy.wake_socket.wake().unwrap();
     }
 }

src/platform_impl/web/async/mod.rs

@@ -6,15 +6,13 @@ mod channel;
 mod concurrent_queue;
 mod dispatcher;
 mod notifier;
-mod waker;
 mod wrapper;
 
-use atomic_waker::AtomicWaker;
+pub(crate) use atomic_waker::AtomicWaker;
 use concurrent_queue::{ConcurrentQueue, PushError};
 
 pub use self::abortable::{AbortHandle, Abortable, DropAbortHandle};
 pub use self::channel::{channel, Receiver, Sender};
 pub use self::dispatcher::{DispatchRunner, Dispatcher};
 pub use self::notifier::{Notified, Notifier};
-pub use self::waker::{Waker, WakerSpawner};
-use self::wrapper::Wrapper;
+pub(crate) use self::wrapper::Wrapper;

src/platform_impl/web/async/waker.rs

@@ -1,117 +0,0 @@
-use std::future;
-use std::sync::atomic::{AtomicBool, Ordering};
-use std::sync::Arc;
-use std::task::Poll;
-
-use super::super::main_thread::MainThreadMarker;
-use super::{AtomicWaker, Wrapper};
-
-pub struct WakerSpawner<T: 'static>(Wrapper<Handler<T>, Sender, ()>);
-
-pub struct Waker<T: 'static>(Wrapper<Handler<T>, Sender, ()>);
-
-struct Handler<T> {
-    value: T,
-    handler: fn(&T, bool),
-}
-
-#[derive(Clone)]
-struct Sender(Arc<Inner>);
-
-impl<T> WakerSpawner<T> {
-    pub fn new(main_thread: MainThreadMarker, value: T, handler: fn(&T, bool)) -> Self {
-        let inner = Arc::new(Inner {
-            awoken: AtomicBool::new(false),
-            waker: AtomicWaker::new(),
-            closed: AtomicBool::new(false),
-        });
-
-        let handler = Handler { value, handler };
-
-        let sender = Sender(Arc::clone(&inner));
-
-        Self(Wrapper::new(
-            main_thread,
-            handler,
-            |handler, _| {
-                let handler = handler.borrow();
-                let handler = handler.as_ref().unwrap();
-                (handler.handler)(&handler.value, true);
-            },
-            {
-                let inner = Arc::clone(&inner);
-
-                move |handler| async move {
-                    while future::poll_fn(|cx| {
-                        if inner.awoken.swap(false, Ordering::Relaxed) {
-                            Poll::Ready(true)
-                        } else {
-                            inner.waker.register(cx.waker());
-
-                            if inner.awoken.swap(false, Ordering::Relaxed) {
-                                Poll::Ready(true)
-                            } else {
-                                if inner.closed.load(Ordering::Relaxed) {
-                                    return Poll::Ready(false);
-                                }
-
-                                Poll::Pending
-                            }
-                        }
-                    })
-                    .await
-                    {
-                        let handler = handler.borrow();
-                        let handler = handler.as_ref().unwrap();
-                        (handler.handler)(&handler.value, false);
-                    }
-                }
-            },
-            sender,
-            |inner, _| {
-                inner.0.awoken.store(true, Ordering::Relaxed);
-                inner.0.waker.wake();
-            },
-        ))
-    }
-
-    pub fn waker(&self) -> Waker<T> {
-        Waker(self.0.clone())
-    }
-
-    pub fn take(&self) -> bool {
-        debug_assert!(
-            MainThreadMarker::new().is_some(),
-            "this should only be called from the main thread"
-        );
-
-        self.0.with_sender_data(|inner| inner.0.awoken.swap(false, Ordering::Relaxed))
-    }
-}
-
-impl<T> Drop for WakerSpawner<T> {
-    fn drop(&mut self) {
-        self.0.with_sender_data(|inner| {
-            inner.0.closed.store(true, Ordering::Relaxed);
-            inner.0.waker.wake();
-        });
-    }
-}
-
-impl<T> Waker<T> {
-    pub fn wake(&self) {
-        self.0.send(())
-    }
-}
-
-impl<T> Clone for Waker<T> {
-    fn clone(&self) -> Self {
-        Self(self.0.clone())
-    }
-}
-
-struct Inner {
-    awoken: AtomicBool,
-    waker: AtomicWaker,
-    closed: AtomicBool,
-}

src/platform_impl/web/cursor.rs

@@ -542,8 +542,8 @@ fn from_rgba(
     //
     // We call `createImageBitmap()` before spawning the future,
     // to not have to clone the image buffer.
-    let mut options = ImageBitmapOptions::new();
-    options.premultiply_alpha(PremultiplyAlpha::None);
+    let options = ImageBitmapOptions::new();
+    options.set_premultiply_alpha(PremultiplyAlpha::None);
     let bitmap = JsFuture::from(
         window
             .create_image_bitmap_with_image_data_and_image_bitmap_options(&image_data, &options)

src/platform_impl/web/event.rs

@@ -1,32 +1,12 @@
-#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord, Hash)]
-pub struct DeviceId(i32);
+use crate::event::DeviceId;
 
-impl DeviceId {
-    pub fn new(pointer_id: i32) -> Self {
-        Self(pointer_id)
-    }
-
-    pub const fn dummy() -> Self {
-        Self(-1)
-    }
-}
-
-#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord, Hash)]
-pub struct FingerId {
-    pointer_id: i32,
-    primary: bool,
-}
-
-impl FingerId {
-    pub fn new(pointer_id: i32, primary: bool) -> Self {
-        Self { pointer_id, primary }
-    }
-
-    pub const fn dummy() -> Self {
-        Self { pointer_id: -1, primary: false }
-    }
-
-    pub fn is_primary(self) -> bool {
-        self.primary
+pub(crate) fn mkdid(pointer_id: i32) -> Option<DeviceId> {
+    if let Ok(pointer_id) = u32::try_from(pointer_id) {
+        Some(DeviceId::from_raw(pointer_id as i64))
+    } else if pointer_id == -1 {
+        None
+    } else {
+        tracing::error!("found unexpected negative `PointerEvent.pointerId`: {pointer_id}");
+        None
     }
 }

src/platform_impl/web/event_loop/mod.rs

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-use super::{backend, event, window, HasMonitorPermissionFuture, MonitorPermissionFuture};
+use super::{backend, HasMonitorPermissionFuture, MonitorPermissionFuture};
 use crate::application::ApplicationHandler;
 use crate::error::{EventLoopError, NotSupportedError};
 use crate::event::Event;
@@ -10,8 +10,7 @@ pub(crate) mod runner;
 mod state;
 mod window_target;
 
-pub(crate) use proxy::EventLoopProxy;
-pub(crate) use window_target::{ActiveEventLoop, OwnedDisplayHandle};
+pub(crate) use window_target::ActiveEventLoop;
 
 pub struct EventLoop {
     elw: ActiveEventLoop,

src/platform_impl/web/event_loop/proxy.rs

@@ -1,17 +1,101 @@
-use super::runner::WeakShared;
-use crate::platform_impl::platform::r#async::Waker;
+use std::future;
+use std::sync::atomic::{AtomicBool, Ordering};
+use std::sync::Arc;
+use std::task::Poll;
 
-#[derive(Clone)]
-pub struct EventLoopProxy {
-    runner: Waker<WeakShared>,
+use super::super::main_thread::MainThreadMarker;
+use crate::event_loop::EventLoopProxyProvider;
+use crate::platform_impl::web::event_loop::runner::WeakShared;
+use crate::platform_impl::web::r#async::{AtomicWaker, Wrapper};
+
+pub struct EventLoopProxy(Wrapper<WeakShared, Arc<State>, ()>);
+
+struct State {
+    awoken: AtomicBool,
+    waker: AtomicWaker,
+    closed: AtomicBool,
 }
 
 impl EventLoopProxy {
-    pub fn new(runner: Waker<WeakShared>) -> Self {
-        Self { runner }
+    pub fn new(main_thread: MainThreadMarker, runner: WeakShared) -> Self {
+        let state = Arc::new(State {
+            awoken: AtomicBool::new(false),
+            waker: AtomicWaker::new(),
+            closed: AtomicBool::new(false),
+        });
+
+        Self(Wrapper::new(
+            main_thread,
+            runner,
+            |runner, _| {
+                let runner = runner.borrow();
+                let runner = runner.as_ref().unwrap();
+
+                if let Some(runner) = runner.upgrade() {
+                    runner.send_proxy_wake_up(true);
+                }
+            },
+            {
+                let state = Arc::clone(&state);
+
+                move |runner| async move {
+                    while future::poll_fn(|cx| {
+                        if state.awoken.swap(false, Ordering::Relaxed) {
+                            Poll::Ready(true)
+                        } else {
+                            state.waker.register(cx.waker());
+
+                            if state.awoken.swap(false, Ordering::Relaxed) {
+                                Poll::Ready(true)
+                            } else {
+                                if state.closed.load(Ordering::Relaxed) {
+                                    return Poll::Ready(false);
+                                }
+
+                                Poll::Pending
+                            }
+                        }
+                    })
+                    .await
+                    {
+                        let runner = runner.borrow();
+                        let runner = runner.as_ref().unwrap();
+
+                        if let Some(runner) = runner.upgrade() {
+                            runner.send_proxy_wake_up(false);
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            },
+            state,
+            |state, _| {
+                state.awoken.store(true, Ordering::Relaxed);
+                state.waker.wake();
+            },
+        ))
     }
 
-    pub fn wake_up(&self) {
-        self.runner.wake();
+    pub fn take(&self) -> bool {
+        debug_assert!(
+            MainThreadMarker::new().is_some(),
+            "this should only be called from the main thread"
+        );
+
+        self.0.with_sender_data(|state| state.awoken.swap(false, Ordering::Relaxed))
+    }
+}
+
+impl Drop for EventLoopProxy {
+    fn drop(&mut self) {
+        self.0.with_sender_data(|state| {
+            state.closed.store(true, Ordering::Relaxed);
+            state.waker.wake();
+        });
+    }
+}
+
+impl EventLoopProxyProvider for EventLoopProxy {
+    fn wake_up(&self) {
+        self.0.send(())
     }
 }

src/platform_impl/web/event_loop/runner.rs

@@ -3,27 +3,25 @@ use std::collections::{HashSet, VecDeque};
 use std::iter;
 use std::ops::Deref;
 use std::rc::{Rc, Weak};
+use std::sync::Arc;
 
-use js_sys::Function;
-use wasm_bindgen::prelude::{wasm_bindgen, Closure};
+use wasm_bindgen::prelude::Closure;
 use wasm_bindgen::JsCast;
 use web_sys::{Document, KeyboardEvent, Navigator, PageTransitionEvent, PointerEvent, WheelEvent};
 use web_time::{Duration, Instant};
 
+use super::super::event;
 use super::super::main_thread::MainThreadMarker;
 use super::super::monitor::MonitorHandler;
-use super::super::DeviceId;
 use super::backend;
+use super::proxy::EventLoopProxy;
 use super::state::State;
 use crate::dpi::PhysicalSize;
-use crate::event::{
-    DeviceEvent, DeviceId as RootDeviceId, ElementState, Event, RawKeyEvent, StartCause,
-    WindowEvent,
-};
+use crate::event::{DeviceEvent, ElementState, Event, RawKeyEvent, StartCause, WindowEvent};
 use crate::event_loop::{ControlFlow, DeviceEvents};
 use crate::platform::web::{PollStrategy, WaitUntilStrategy};
-use crate::platform_impl::platform::backend::EventListenerHandle;
-use crate::platform_impl::platform::r#async::{DispatchRunner, Waker, WakerSpawner};
+use crate::platform_impl::platform::backend::{EventListenerHandle, SafeAreaHandle};
+use crate::platform_impl::platform::r#async::DispatchRunner;
 use crate::platform_impl::platform::window::Inner;
 use crate::window::WindowId;
 
@@ -41,7 +39,7 @@ type OnEventHandle<T> = RefCell<Option<EventListenerHandle<dyn FnMut(T)>>>;
 
 struct Execution {
     main_thread: MainThreadMarker,
-    proxy_spawner: WakerSpawner<WeakShared>,
+    event_loop_proxy: Arc<EventLoopProxy>,
     control_flow: Cell<ControlFlow>,
     poll_strategy: Cell<PollStrategy>,
     wait_until_strategy: Cell<WaitUntilStrategy>,
@@ -50,7 +48,7 @@ struct Execution {
     suspended: Cell<bool>,
     event_loop_recreation: Cell<bool>,
     events: RefCell<VecDeque<EventWrapper>>,
-    id: RefCell<u32>,
+    id: Cell<usize>,
     window: web_sys::Window,
     navigator: Navigator,
     document: Document,
@@ -59,6 +57,7 @@ struct Execution {
     redraw_pending: RefCell<HashSet<WindowId>>,
     destroy_pending: RefCell<VecDeque<WindowId>>,
     pub(crate) monitor: Rc<MonitorHandler>,
+    safe_area: Rc<SafeAreaHandle>,
     page_transition_event_handle: RefCell<Option<backend::PageTransitionEventHandle>>,
     device_events: Cell<DeviceEvents>,
     on_mouse_move: OnEventHandle<PointerEvent>,
@@ -144,12 +143,7 @@ impl Shared {
         let document = window.document().expect("Failed to obtain document");
 
         Shared(Rc::<Execution>::new_cyclic(|weak| {
-            let proxy_spawner =
-                WakerSpawner::new(main_thread, WeakShared(weak.clone()), |runner, local| {
-                    if let Some(runner) = runner.upgrade() {
-                        runner.send_proxy_wake_up(local);
-                    }
-                });
+            let proxy_spawner = EventLoopProxy::new(main_thread, WeakShared(weak.clone()));
 
             let monitor = MonitorHandler::new(
                 main_thread,
@@ -158,9 +152,11 @@ impl Shared {
                 WeakShared(weak.clone()),
             );
 
+            let safe_area = SafeAreaHandle::new(&window, &document);
+
             Execution {
                 main_thread,
-                proxy_spawner,
+                event_loop_proxy: Arc::new(proxy_spawner),
                 control_flow: Cell::new(ControlFlow::default()),
                 poll_strategy: Cell::new(PollStrategy::default()),
                 wait_until_strategy: Cell::new(WaitUntilStrategy::default()),
@@ -172,11 +168,12 @@ impl Shared {
                 window,
                 navigator,
                 document,
-                id: RefCell::new(0),
+                id: Cell::new(0),
                 all_canvases: RefCell::new(Vec::new()),
                 redraw_pending: RefCell::new(HashSet::new()),
                 destroy_pending: RefCell::new(VecDeque::new()),
                 monitor: Rc::new(monitor),
+                safe_area: Rc::new(safe_area),
                 page_transition_event_handle: RefCell::new(None),
                 device_events: Cell::default(),
                 on_mouse_move: RefCell::new(None),
@@ -287,7 +284,7 @@ impl Shared {
                 }
 
                 // chorded button event
-                let device_id = RootDeviceId(DeviceId::new(event.pointer_id()));
+                let device_id = event::mkdid(event.pointer_id());
 
                 if let Some(button) = backend::event::mouse_button(&event) {
                     let state = if backend::event::mouse_buttons(&event).contains(button.into()) {
@@ -298,7 +295,7 @@ impl Shared {
 
                     runner.send_event(Event::DeviceEvent {
                         device_id,
-                        event: DeviceEvent::Button { button: button.to_id(), state },
+                        event: DeviceEvent::Button { button: button.to_id().into(), state },
                     });
 
                     return;
@@ -311,7 +308,7 @@ impl Shared {
 
                     Event::DeviceEvent {
                         device_id,
-                        event: DeviceEvent::MouseMotion { delta: (delta.x, delta.y) },
+                        event: DeviceEvent::PointerMotion { delta: (delta.x, delta.y) },
                     }
                 }));
             }),
@@ -328,7 +325,7 @@ impl Shared {
 
                 if let Some(delta) = backend::event::mouse_scroll_delta(&window, &event) {
                     runner.send_event(Event::DeviceEvent {
-                        device_id: RootDeviceId(DeviceId::dummy()),
+                        device_id: None,
                         event: DeviceEvent::MouseWheel { delta },
                     });
                 }
@@ -345,9 +342,9 @@ impl Shared {
 
                 let button = backend::event::mouse_button(&event).expect("no mouse button pressed");
                 runner.send_event(Event::DeviceEvent {
-                    device_id: RootDeviceId(DeviceId::new(event.pointer_id())),
+                    device_id: event::mkdid(event.pointer_id()),
                     event: DeviceEvent::Button {
-                        button: button.to_id(),
+                        button: button.to_id().into(),
                         state: ElementState::Pressed,
                     },
                 });
@@ -364,9 +361,9 @@ impl Shared {
 
                 let button = backend::event::mouse_button(&event).expect("no mouse button pressed");
                 runner.send_event(Event::DeviceEvent {
-                    device_id: RootDeviceId(DeviceId::new(event.pointer_id())),
+                    device_id: event::mkdid(event.pointer_id()),
                     event: DeviceEvent::Button {
-                        button: button.to_id(),
+                        button: button.to_id().into(),
                         state: ElementState::Released,
                     },
                 });
@@ -382,7 +379,7 @@ impl Shared {
                 }
 
                 runner.send_event(Event::DeviceEvent {
-                    device_id: RootDeviceId(DeviceId::dummy()),
+                    device_id: None,
                     event: DeviceEvent::Key(RawKeyEvent {
                         physical_key: backend::event::key_code(&event),
                         state: ElementState::Pressed,
@@ -400,7 +397,7 @@ impl Shared {
                 }
 
                 runner.send_event(Event::DeviceEvent {
-                    device_id: RootDeviceId(DeviceId::dummy()),
+                    device_id: None,
                     event: DeviceEvent::Key(RawKeyEvent {
                         physical_key: backend::event::key_code(&event),
                         state: ElementState::Released,
@@ -439,11 +436,11 @@ impl Shared {
 
     // Generate a strictly increasing ID
     // This is used to differentiate windows when handling events
-    pub fn generate_id(&self) -> u32 {
-        let mut id = self.0.id.borrow_mut();
-        *id += 1;
+    pub fn generate_id(&self) -> usize {
+        let id = self.0.id.get();
+        self.0.id.set(id.checked_add(1).expect("exhausted `WindowId`"));
 
-        *id
+        id
     }
 
     pub fn request_redraw(&self, id: WindowId) {
@@ -495,14 +492,8 @@ impl Shared {
             if let Ok(RunnerEnum::Running(_)) =
                 self.0.runner.try_borrow().as_ref().map(Deref::deref)
             {
-                #[wasm_bindgen]
-                extern "C" {
-                    #[wasm_bindgen(js_name = queueMicrotask)]
-                    fn queue_microtask(task: Function);
-                }
-
-                queue_microtask(
-                    Closure::once_into_js({
+                self.window().queue_microtask(
+                    &Closure::once_into_js({
                         let this = Rc::downgrade(&self.0);
                         move || {
                             if let Some(shared) = this.upgrade() {
@@ -663,7 +654,7 @@ impl Shared {
                 // Pre-fetch `UserEvent`s to avoid having to wait until the next event loop cycle.
                 events.extend(
                     self.0
-                        .proxy_spawner
+                        .event_loop_proxy
                         .take()
                         .then_some(Event::UserWakeUp)
                         .map(EventWrapper::from),
@@ -828,8 +819,8 @@ impl Shared {
         self.0.wait_until_strategy.get()
     }
 
-    pub(crate) fn waker(&self) -> Waker<WeakShared> {
-        self.0.proxy_spawner.waker()
+    pub(crate) fn event_loop_proxy(&self) -> &Arc<EventLoopProxy> {
+        &self.0.event_loop_proxy
     }
 
     pub(crate) fn weak(&self) -> WeakShared {
@@ -839,6 +830,10 @@ impl Shared {
     pub(crate) fn monitor(&self) -> &Rc<MonitorHandler> {
         &self.0.monitor
     }
+
+    pub(crate) fn safe_area(&self) -> &Rc<SafeAreaHandle> {
+        &self.0.safe_area
+    }
 }
 
 #[derive(Clone, Debug)]

src/platform_impl/web/event_loop/window_target.rs

@@ -1,36 +1,28 @@
-use std::any::Any;
 use std::cell::Cell;
 use std::clone::Clone;
 use std::iter;
 use std::rc::Rc;
+use std::sync::Arc;
 
 use web_sys::Element;
 
 use super::super::monitor::MonitorPermissionFuture;
 use super::super::{lock, KeyEventExtra};
-use super::event::DeviceId;
-use super::runner::{EventWrapper, WeakShared};
-use super::window::WindowId;
-use super::{backend, runner, EventLoopProxy};
-use crate::error::{ExternalError, NotSupportedError};
-use crate::event::{
-    DeviceId as RootDeviceId, ElementState, Event, FingerId as RootFingerId, KeyEvent, Touch,
-    TouchPhase, WindowEvent,
-};
+use super::runner::EventWrapper;
+use super::{backend, runner};
+use crate::error::{NotSupportedError, RequestError};
+use crate::event::{ElementState, Event, KeyEvent, TouchPhase, WindowEvent};
 use crate::event_loop::{
     ActiveEventLoop as RootActiveEventLoop, ControlFlow, DeviceEvents,
-    EventLoopProxy as RootEventLoopProxy, OwnedDisplayHandle as RootOwnedDisplayHandle,
+    EventLoopProxy as RootEventLoopProxy, OwnedDisplayHandle as CoreOwnedDisplayHandle,
 };
 use crate::keyboard::ModifiersState;
 use crate::monitor::MonitorHandle as RootMonitorHandle;
 use crate::platform::web::{CustomCursorFuture, PollStrategy, WaitUntilStrategy};
 use crate::platform_impl::platform::cursor::CustomCursor;
-use crate::platform_impl::platform::r#async::Waker;
+use crate::platform_impl::web::event_loop::proxy::EventLoopProxy;
 use crate::platform_impl::Window;
-use crate::window::{
-    CustomCursor as RootCustomCursor, CustomCursorSource, Theme, Window as RootWindow,
-    WindowId as RootWindowId,
-};
+use crate::window::{CustomCursor as RootCustomCursor, CustomCursorSource, Theme, WindowId};
 
 #[derive(Default)]
 struct ModifiersShared(Rc<Cell<ModifiersState>>);
@@ -72,14 +64,14 @@ impl ActiveEventLoop {
     }
 
     pub fn generate_id(&self) -> WindowId {
-        WindowId(self.runner.generate_id())
+        WindowId::from_raw(self.runner.generate_id())
     }
 
     pub fn create_custom_cursor_async(&self, source: CustomCursorSource) -> CustomCursorFuture {
         CustomCursorFuture(CustomCursor::new_async(self, source.inner))
     }
 
-    pub fn register(&self, canvas: &Rc<backend::Canvas>, id: WindowId) {
+    pub fn register(&self, canvas: &Rc<backend::Canvas>, window_id: WindowId) {
         let canvas_clone = canvas.clone();
 
         canvas.on_touch_start();
@@ -93,13 +85,13 @@ impl ActiveEventLoop {
             let clear_modifiers = (!modifiers.get().is_empty()).then(|| {
                 modifiers.set(ModifiersState::empty());
                 Event::WindowEvent {
-                    window_id: RootWindowId(id),
+                    window_id,
                     event: WindowEvent::ModifiersChanged(ModifiersState::empty().into()),
                 }
             });
 
             runner.send_events(clear_modifiers.into_iter().chain(iter::once(Event::WindowEvent {
-                window_id: RootWindowId(id),
+                window_id,
                 event: WindowEvent::Focused(false),
             })));
         });
@@ -109,7 +101,7 @@ impl ActiveEventLoop {
         canvas.on_focus(move || {
             if !has_focus.replace(true) {
                 runner.send_event(Event::WindowEvent {
-                    window_id: RootWindowId(id),
+                    window_id,
                     event: WindowEvent::Focused(true),
                 });
             }
@@ -128,10 +120,8 @@ impl ActiveEventLoop {
 
         if focused {
             canvas.has_focus.set(true);
-            self.runner.send_event(Event::WindowEvent {
-                window_id: RootWindowId(id),
-                event: WindowEvent::Focused(true),
-            })
+            self.runner
+                .send_event(Event::WindowEvent { window_id, event: WindowEvent::Focused(true) })
         }
 
         let runner = self.runner.clone();
@@ -141,18 +131,16 @@ impl ActiveEventLoop {
                 let modifiers_changed = (modifiers.get() != active_modifiers).then(|| {
                     modifiers.set(active_modifiers);
                     Event::WindowEvent {
-                        window_id: RootWindowId(id),
+                        window_id,
                         event: WindowEvent::ModifiersChanged(active_modifiers.into()),
                     }
                 });
 
-                let device_id = RootDeviceId(DeviceId::dummy());
-
                 runner.send_events(
                     iter::once(Event::WindowEvent {
-                        window_id: RootWindowId(id),
+                        window_id,
                         event: WindowEvent::KeyboardInput {
-                            device_id,
+                            device_id: None,
                             event: KeyEvent {
                                 physical_key,
                                 logical_key,
@@ -177,18 +165,16 @@ impl ActiveEventLoop {
                 let modifiers_changed = (modifiers.get() != active_modifiers).then(|| {
                     modifiers.set(active_modifiers);
                     Event::WindowEvent {
-                        window_id: RootWindowId(id),
+                        window_id,
                         event: WindowEvent::ModifiersChanged(active_modifiers.into()),
                     }
                 });
 
-                let device_id = RootDeviceId(DeviceId::dummy());
-
                 runner.send_events(
                     iter::once(Event::WindowEvent {
-                        window_id: RootWindowId(id),
+                        window_id,
                         event: WindowEvent::KeyboardInput {
-                            device_id,
+                            device_id: None,
                             event: KeyEvent {
                                 physical_key,
                                 logical_key,
@@ -207,80 +193,85 @@ impl ActiveEventLoop {
         );
 
         let has_focus = canvas.has_focus.clone();
-        canvas.on_cursor_leave({
+        canvas.on_pointer_leave({
             let runner = self.runner.clone();
             let has_focus = has_focus.clone();
             let modifiers = self.modifiers.clone();
 
-            move |active_modifiers, pointer_id| {
+            move |active_modifiers, device_id, primary, position, kind| {
                 let focus = (has_focus.get() && modifiers.get() != active_modifiers).then(|| {
                     modifiers.set(active_modifiers);
                     Event::WindowEvent {
-                        window_id: RootWindowId(id),
+                        window_id,
                         event: WindowEvent::ModifiersChanged(active_modifiers.into()),
                     }
                 });
 
-                let pointer = pointer_id.map(|device_id| Event::WindowEvent {
-                    window_id: RootWindowId(id),
-                    event: WindowEvent::CursorLeft { device_id: RootDeviceId(device_id) },
-                });
-
-                if focus.is_some() || pointer.is_some() {
-                    runner.send_events(focus.into_iter().chain(pointer))
-                }
+                runner.send_events(focus.into_iter().chain(iter::once(Event::WindowEvent {
+                    window_id,
+                    event: WindowEvent::PointerLeft {
+                        device_id,
+                        primary,
+                        position: Some(position),
+                        kind,
+                    },
+                })))
             }
         });
 
-        canvas.on_cursor_enter({
+        canvas.on_pointer_enter({
             let runner = self.runner.clone();
             let has_focus = has_focus.clone();
             let modifiers = self.modifiers.clone();
 
-            move |active_modifiers, pointer_id| {
+            move |active_modifiers, device_id, primary, position, kind| {
                 let focus = (has_focus.get() && modifiers.get() != active_modifiers).then(|| {
                     modifiers.set(active_modifiers);
                     Event::WindowEvent {
-                        window_id: RootWindowId(id),
+                        window_id,
                         event: WindowEvent::ModifiersChanged(active_modifiers.into()),
                     }
                 });
 
-                let pointer = pointer_id.map(|device_id| Event::WindowEvent {
-                    window_id: RootWindowId(id),
-                    event: WindowEvent::CursorEntered { device_id: RootDeviceId(device_id) },
-                });
-
-                if focus.is_some() || pointer.is_some() {
-                    runner.send_events(focus.into_iter().chain(pointer))
-                }
+                runner.send_events(focus.into_iter().chain(iter::once(Event::WindowEvent {
+                    window_id,
+                    event: WindowEvent::PointerEntered { device_id, primary, position, kind },
+                })))
             }
         });
 
-        canvas.on_cursor_move(
+        canvas.on_pointer_move(
             {
                 let runner = self.runner.clone();
                 let has_focus = has_focus.clone();
                 let modifiers = self.modifiers.clone();
 
-                move |active_modifiers, pointer_id, events| {
-                    let modifiers =
-                        (has_focus.get() && modifiers.get() != active_modifiers).then(|| {
-                            modifiers.set(active_modifiers);
-                            Event::WindowEvent {
-                                window_id: RootWindowId(id),
-                                event: WindowEvent::ModifiersChanged(active_modifiers.into()),
-                            }
-                        });
+                move |device_id, events| {
+                    runner.send_events(events.flat_map(
+                        |(active_modifiers, primary, position, source)| {
+                            let modifiers = (has_focus.get()
+                                && modifiers.get() != active_modifiers)
+                                .then(|| {
+                                    modifiers.set(active_modifiers);
+                                    Event::WindowEvent {
+                                        window_id,
+                                        event: WindowEvent::ModifiersChanged(
+                                            active_modifiers.into(),
+                                        ),
+                                    }
+                                });
 
-                    runner.send_events(modifiers.into_iter().chain(events.flat_map(|position| {
-                        let device_id = RootDeviceId(pointer_id);
-
-                        iter::once(Event::WindowEvent {
-                            window_id: RootWindowId(id),
-                            event: WindowEvent::CursorMoved { device_id, position },
-                        })
-                    })));
+                            modifiers.into_iter().chain(iter::once(Event::WindowEvent {
+                                window_id,
+                                event: WindowEvent::PointerMoved {
+                                    device_id,
+                                    primary,
+                                    position,
+                                    source,
+                                },
+                            }))
+                        },
+                    ));
                 }
             },
             {
@@ -288,205 +279,83 @@ impl ActiveEventLoop {
                 let has_focus = has_focus.clone();
                 let modifiers = self.modifiers.clone();
 
-                move |active_modifiers, device_id, finger_id, events| {
+                move |active_modifiers, device_id, primary, position, state, button| {
                     let modifiers =
                         (has_focus.get() && modifiers.get() != active_modifiers).then(|| {
                             modifiers.set(active_modifiers);
                             Event::WindowEvent {
-                                window_id: RootWindowId(id),
+                                window_id,
                                 event: WindowEvent::ModifiersChanged(active_modifiers.into()),
                             }
                         });
 
-                    runner.send_events(modifiers.into_iter().chain(events.map(
-                        |(location, force)| Event::WindowEvent {
-                            window_id: RootWindowId(id),
-                            event: WindowEvent::Touch(Touch {
-                                finger_id: RootFingerId(finger_id),
-                                device_id: RootDeviceId(device_id),
-                                phase: TouchPhase::Moved,
-                                force: Some(force),
-                                location,
-                            }),
+                    runner.send_events(modifiers.into_iter().chain([Event::WindowEvent {
+                        window_id,
+                        event: WindowEvent::PointerButton {
+                            device_id,
+                            primary,
+                            state,
+                            position,
+                            button,
                         },
-                    )));
-                }
-            },
-            {
-                let runner = self.runner.clone();
-                let has_focus = has_focus.clone();
-                let modifiers = self.modifiers.clone();
-
-                move |active_modifiers,
-                      device_id,
-                      position: crate::dpi::PhysicalPosition<f64>,
-                      buttons,
-                      button| {
-                    let modifiers =
-                        (has_focus.get() && modifiers.get() != active_modifiers).then(|| {
-                            modifiers.set(active_modifiers);
-                            Event::WindowEvent {
-                                window_id: RootWindowId(id),
-                                event: WindowEvent::ModifiersChanged(active_modifiers.into()),
-                            }
-                        });
-
-                    let device_id = RootDeviceId(device_id);
-
-                    let state = if buttons.contains(button.into()) {
-                        ElementState::Pressed
-                    } else {
-                        ElementState::Released
-                    };
-
-                    // A chorded button event may come in without any prior CursorMoved events,
-                    // therefore we should send a CursorMoved event to make sure that the
-                    // user code has the correct cursor position.
-                    runner.send_events(modifiers.into_iter().chain([
-                        Event::WindowEvent {
-                            window_id: RootWindowId(id),
-                            event: WindowEvent::CursorMoved { device_id, position },
-                        },
-                        Event::WindowEvent {
-                            window_id: RootWindowId(id),
-                            event: WindowEvent::MouseInput { device_id, state, button },
-                        },
-                    ]));
+                    }]));
                 }
             },
         );
 
-        canvas.on_mouse_press(
-            {
-                let runner = self.runner.clone();
-                let modifiers = self.modifiers.clone();
+        canvas.on_pointer_press({
+            let runner = self.runner.clone();
+            let modifiers = self.modifiers.clone();
 
-                move |active_modifiers, pointer_id, position, button| {
-                    let modifiers = (modifiers.get() != active_modifiers).then(|| {
+            move |active_modifiers, device_id, primary, position, button| {
+                let modifiers = (modifiers.get() != active_modifiers).then(|| {
+                    modifiers.set(active_modifiers);
+                    Event::WindowEvent {
+                        window_id,
+                        event: WindowEvent::ModifiersChanged(active_modifiers.into()),
+                    }
+                });
+
+                runner.send_events(modifiers.into_iter().chain(iter::once(Event::WindowEvent {
+                    window_id,
+                    event: WindowEvent::PointerButton {
+                        device_id,
+                        primary,
+                        state: ElementState::Pressed,
+                        position,
+                        button,
+                    },
+                })));
+            }
+        });
+
+        canvas.on_pointer_release({
+            let runner = self.runner.clone();
+            let has_focus = has_focus.clone();
+            let modifiers = self.modifiers.clone();
+
+            move |active_modifiers, device_id, primary, position, button| {
+                let modifiers =
+                    (has_focus.get() && modifiers.get() != active_modifiers).then(|| {
                         modifiers.set(active_modifiers);
                         Event::WindowEvent {
-                            window_id: RootWindowId(id),
+                            window_id,
                             event: WindowEvent::ModifiersChanged(active_modifiers.into()),
                         }
                     });
 
-                    let device_id: RootDeviceId = RootDeviceId(pointer_id);
-
-                    // A mouse down event may come in without any prior CursorMoved events,
-                    // therefore we should send a CursorMoved event to make sure that the
-                    // user code has the correct cursor position.
-                    runner.send_events(modifiers.into_iter().chain([
-                        Event::WindowEvent {
-                            window_id: RootWindowId(id),
-                            event: WindowEvent::CursorMoved { device_id, position },
-                        },
-                        Event::WindowEvent {
-                            window_id: RootWindowId(id),
-                            event: WindowEvent::MouseInput {
-                                device_id,
-                                state: ElementState::Pressed,
-                                button,
-                            },
-                        },
-                    ]));
-                }
-            },
-            {
-                let runner = self.runner.clone();
-                let modifiers = self.modifiers.clone();
-
-                move |active_modifiers, device_id, finger_id, location, force| {
-                    let modifiers = (modifiers.get() != active_modifiers).then(|| {
-                        modifiers.set(active_modifiers);
-                        Event::WindowEvent {
-                            window_id: RootWindowId(id),
-                            event: WindowEvent::ModifiersChanged(active_modifiers.into()),
-                        }
-                    });
-
-                    runner.send_events(modifiers.into_iter().chain(iter::once(
-                        Event::WindowEvent {
-                            window_id: RootWindowId(id),
-                            event: WindowEvent::Touch(Touch {
-                                finger_id: RootFingerId(finger_id),
-                                device_id: RootDeviceId(device_id),
-                                phase: TouchPhase::Started,
-                                force: Some(force),
-                                location,
-                            }),
-                        },
-                    )))
-                }
-            },
-        );
-
-        canvas.on_mouse_release(
-            {
-                let runner = self.runner.clone();
-                let has_focus = has_focus.clone();
-                let modifiers = self.modifiers.clone();
-
-                move |active_modifiers, pointer_id, position, button| {
-                    let modifiers =
-                        (has_focus.get() && modifiers.get() != active_modifiers).then(|| {
-                            modifiers.set(active_modifiers);
-                            Event::WindowEvent {
-                                window_id: RootWindowId(id),
-                                event: WindowEvent::ModifiersChanged(active_modifiers.into()),
-                            }
-                        });
-
-                    let device_id: RootDeviceId = RootDeviceId(pointer_id);
-
-                    // A mouse up event may come in without any prior CursorMoved events,
-                    // therefore we should send a CursorMoved event to make sure that the
-                    // user code has the correct cursor position.
-                    runner.send_events(modifiers.into_iter().chain([
-                        Event::WindowEvent {
-                            window_id: RootWindowId(id),
-                            event: WindowEvent::CursorMoved { device_id, position },
-                        },
-                        Event::WindowEvent {
-                            window_id: RootWindowId(id),
-                            event: WindowEvent::MouseInput {
-                                device_id,
-                                state: ElementState::Released,
-                                button,
-                            },
-                        },
-                    ]));
-                }
-            },
-            {
-                let runner_touch = self.runner.clone();
-                let has_focus = has_focus.clone();
-                let modifiers = self.modifiers.clone();
-
-                move |active_modifiers, device_id, finger_id, location, force| {
-                    let modifiers =
-                        (has_focus.get() && modifiers.get() != active_modifiers).then(|| {
-                            modifiers.set(active_modifiers);
-                            Event::WindowEvent {
-                                window_id: RootWindowId(id),
-                                event: WindowEvent::ModifiersChanged(active_modifiers.into()),
-                            }
-                        });
-
-                    runner_touch.send_events(modifiers.into_iter().chain(iter::once(
-                        Event::WindowEvent {
-                            window_id: RootWindowId(id),
-                            event: WindowEvent::Touch(Touch {
-                                finger_id: RootFingerId(finger_id),
-                                device_id: RootDeviceId(device_id),
-                                phase: TouchPhase::Ended,
-                                force: Some(force),
-                                location,
-                            }),
-                        },
-                    )));
-                }
-            },
-        );
+                runner.send_events(modifiers.into_iter().chain(iter::once(Event::WindowEvent {
+                    window_id,
+                    event: WindowEvent::PointerButton {
+                        device_id,
+                        primary,
+                        state: ElementState::Released,
+                        position,
+                        button,
+                    },
+                })));
+            }
+        });
 
         let runner = self.runner.clone();
         let modifiers = self.modifiers.clone();
@@ -495,16 +364,16 @@ impl ActiveEventLoop {
                 (has_focus.get() && modifiers.get() != active_modifiers).then(|| {
                     modifiers.set(active_modifiers);
                     Event::WindowEvent {
-                        window_id: RootWindowId(id),
+                        window_id,
                         event: WindowEvent::ModifiersChanged(active_modifiers.into()),
                     }
                 });
 
             runner.send_events(modifiers_changed.into_iter().chain(iter::once(
                 Event::WindowEvent {
-                    window_id: RootWindowId(id),
+                    window_id,
                     event: WindowEvent::MouseWheel {
-                        device_id: RootDeviceId(DeviceId::dummy()),
+                        device_id: None,
                         delta,
                         phase: TouchPhase::Moved,
                     },
@@ -512,25 +381,11 @@ impl ActiveEventLoop {
             )));
         });
 
-        let runner = self.runner.clone();
-        canvas.on_touch_cancel(move |device_id, finger_id, location, force| {
-            runner.send_event(Event::WindowEvent {
-                window_id: RootWindowId(id),
-                event: WindowEvent::Touch(Touch {
-                    finger_id: RootFingerId(finger_id),
-                    device_id: RootDeviceId(device_id),
-                    phase: TouchPhase::Cancelled,
-                    force: Some(force),
-                    location,
-                }),
-            });
-        });
-
         let runner = self.runner.clone();
         canvas.on_dark_mode(move |is_dark_mode| {
             let theme = if is_dark_mode { Theme::Dark } else { Theme::Light };
             runner.send_event(Event::WindowEvent {
-                window_id: RootWindowId(id),
+                window_id,
                 event: WindowEvent::ThemeChanged(theme),
             });
         });
@@ -557,8 +412,8 @@ impl ActiveEventLoop {
                     if canvas.old_size() != new_size {
                         canvas.set_old_size(new_size);
                         runner.send_event(Event::WindowEvent {
-                            window_id: RootWindowId(id),
-                            event: WindowEvent::Resized(new_size),
+                            window_id,
+                            event: WindowEvent::SurfaceResized(new_size),
                         });
                         canvas.request_animation_frame();
                     }
@@ -573,7 +428,7 @@ impl ActiveEventLoop {
                 && !(is_intersecting && canvas_clone.is_intersecting.get().is_none())
             {
                 runner.send_event(Event::WindowEvent {
-                    window_id: RootWindowId(id),
+                    window_id,
                     event: WindowEvent::Occluded(!is_intersecting),
                 });
             }
@@ -582,7 +437,7 @@ impl ActiveEventLoop {
         });
 
         let runner = self.runner.clone();
-        canvas.on_animation_frame(move || runner.request_redraw(RootWindowId(id)));
+        canvas.on_animation_frame(move || runner.request_redraw(window_id));
 
         canvas.on_context_menu();
     }
@@ -608,7 +463,10 @@ impl ActiveEventLoop {
     }
 
     pub(crate) fn has_multiple_screens(&self) -> Result<bool, NotSupportedError> {
-        self.runner.monitor().is_extended().ok_or(NotSupportedError::new())
+        self.runner
+            .monitor()
+            .is_extended()
+            .ok_or(NotSupportedError::new("has_multiple_screens is not supported"))
     }
 
     pub(crate) fn request_detailed_monitor_permission(&self) -> MonitorPermissionFuture {
@@ -619,29 +477,29 @@ impl ActiveEventLoop {
         self.runner.monitor().has_detailed_monitor_permission()
     }
 
-    pub(crate) fn waker(&self) -> Waker<WeakShared> {
-        self.runner.waker()
+    pub(crate) fn event_loop_proxy(&self) -> Arc<EventLoopProxy> {
+        self.runner.event_loop_proxy().clone()
     }
 }
 
 impl RootActiveEventLoop for ActiveEventLoop {
     fn create_proxy(&self) -> RootEventLoopProxy {
-        let event_loop_proxy = EventLoopProxy::new(self.waker());
-        RootEventLoopProxy { event_loop_proxy }
+        let event_loop_proxy = self.event_loop_proxy();
+        RootEventLoopProxy::new(event_loop_proxy)
     }
 
     fn create_window(
         &self,
         window_attributes: crate::window::WindowAttributes,
-    ) -> Result<crate::window::Window, crate::error::OsError> {
+    ) -> Result<Box<dyn crate::window::Window>, RequestError> {
         let window = Window::new(self, window_attributes)?;
-        Ok(RootWindow { window })
+        Ok(Box::new(window))
     }
 
     fn create_custom_cursor(
         &self,
         source: CustomCursorSource,
-    ) -> Result<RootCustomCursor, ExternalError> {
+    ) -> Result<RootCustomCursor, RequestError> {
         Ok(RootCustomCursor { inner: CustomCursor::new(self, source.inner) })
     }
 
@@ -689,21 +547,15 @@ impl RootActiveEventLoop for ActiveEventLoop {
         self.runner.exiting()
     }
 
-    fn owned_display_handle(&self) -> RootOwnedDisplayHandle {
-        RootOwnedDisplayHandle { platform: OwnedDisplayHandle }
+    fn owned_display_handle(&self) -> CoreOwnedDisplayHandle {
+        CoreOwnedDisplayHandle::new(Arc::new(OwnedDisplayHandle))
     }
 
-    fn as_any(&self) -> &dyn Any {
-        self
-    }
-
-    #[cfg(feature = "rwh_06")]
     fn rwh_06_handle(&self) -> &dyn rwh_06::HasDisplayHandle {
         self
     }
 }
 
-#[cfg(feature = "rwh_06")]
 impl rwh_06::HasDisplayHandle for ActiveEventLoop {
     fn display_handle(&self) -> Result<rwh_06::DisplayHandle<'_>, rwh_06::HandleError> {
         let raw = rwh_06::RawDisplayHandle::Web(rwh_06::WebDisplayHandle::new());
@@ -711,15 +563,12 @@ impl rwh_06::HasDisplayHandle for ActiveEventLoop {
     }
 }
 
-#[derive(Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+#[derive(Clone)]
 pub(crate) struct OwnedDisplayHandle;
 
-impl OwnedDisplayHandle {
-    #[cfg(feature = "rwh_06")]
-    #[inline]
-    pub fn raw_display_handle_rwh_06(
-        &self,
-    ) -> Result<rwh_06::RawDisplayHandle, rwh_06::HandleError> {
-        Ok(rwh_06::WebDisplayHandle::new().into())
+impl rwh_06::HasDisplayHandle for OwnedDisplayHandle {
+    fn display_handle(&self) -> Result<rwh_06::DisplayHandle<'_>, rwh_06::HandleError> {
+        let raw = rwh_06::RawDisplayHandle::Web(rwh_06::WebDisplayHandle::new());
+        unsafe { Ok(rwh_06::DisplayHandle::borrow_raw(raw)) }
     }
 }