Merge branch 'master' of https://github.com/rust-windowing/winit

.cargo/config.toml

@@ -1,9 +0,0 @@
-# Allow rust-analyzer and local `cargo doc` invocations to pick up unreleased changelog entries
-#
-# Note that these flags are (intentionally) not included when building from the downloaded crate.
-[build]
-rustdocflags = ["--cfg=unreleased_changelogs"]
-rustflags = ["--cfg=unreleased_changelogs"]
-
-[target.wasm32-unknown-unknown]
-runner = "wasm-bindgen-test-runner"

.git-blame-ignore-revs

@@ -1,8 +0,0 @@
-# $ git config blame.ignoreRevsFile .git-blame-ignore-revs
-
-# chore(rustfmt): use nightly
-7b0c7b6cb2c62767ca0c73c857b299883f55a883
-# Rustfmt: use `group_imports`
-2665c120981af548433645c6383b3580dd8f8fc4
-# Use Taplo for TOML formatting
-3398ebe467c43ccfd91916c5b81ff3c68f598556

.gitattributes

@@ -20,3 +20,5 @@
 *.PDF	 diff=astextplain
 *.rtf	 diff=astextplain
 *.RTF	 diff=astextplain
+
+/CHANGELOG.md merge=union

.github/CODEOWNERS

@@ -1,26 +0,0 @@
-# Android
-/winit-android                      @MarijnS95
-
-# Apple (AppKit + UIKit)
-/winit-appkit                       @madsmtm
-/winit-uikit                        @madsmtm
-/winit-common/src/core_foundation   @madsmtm
-/winit-common/src/event_handler.rs  @madsmtm
-
-# XKB
-/winit-common/src/xkb               @kchibisov
-
-# Wayland
-/winit-wayland                      @kchibisov
-
-# X11
-/winit-x11                          @kchibisov
-
-# Web
-/winit-web                          @daxpedda
-
-# Windows (Win32) (UNOWNED)
-#/winit-win32                       
-
-# Orbital (Redox OS)
-/winit-orbital                      @jackpot51

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/blank_issue.md

@@ -1,4 +0,0 @@
----
-name: Blank Issue
-about: Create a blank issue.
----

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/bug_android.yml

@@ -1,36 +0,0 @@
-name: Android bug
-description: Create an Android-specific bug report
-labels:
-  - B - bug
-  - DS - android
-body:
-  - type: markdown
-    attributes:
-      value: |
-        Thanks for taking the time to fill out this bug report!
-  - type: textarea
-    id: description
-    attributes:
-      label: Description
-      description: Description of the problem you're having
-    validations:
-      required: true
-  - type: textarea
-    id: device
-    attributes:
-      label: Device and Android version
-      description: Which devices and Android versions are you seeing the problem on?
-      placeholder: |
-        Samsung Galaxy Z running Android Pie (API level 28),
-        Samsung Galaxy Z running Android 14 (API level 34),
-        Pixel 8 running Android 14 (API level 34)
-    validations:
-      required: true
-  - type: textarea
-    id: winit-version
-    attributes:
-      label: Winit version
-      description: What version of Winit are you using?
-      placeholder: 0.29.11
-    validations:
-      required: true

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/bug_ios.yml

@@ -1,37 +0,0 @@
-name: iOS bug
-description: Create an iOS-specific bug report
-labels:
-  - B - bug
-  - DS - ios
-body:
-  - type: markdown
-    attributes:
-      value: |
-        Thanks for taking the time to fill out this bug report!
-  - type: textarea
-    id: description
-    attributes:
-      label: Description
-      description: Description of the problem you're having
-    validations:
-      required: true
-  - type: textarea
-    id: device
-    attributes:
-      label: Device and iOS version
-      description: Which devices and iOS versions are you seeing the problem on?
-      placeholder: |
-        iPhone 15 running iOS 14.0,
-        iPhone 15 running iOS 17.0,
-        MacBook Pro M2 Mac Catalyst running macOS 14.2,
-        iPhone simulator running iOS 17.0
-    validations:
-      required: true
-  - type: textarea
-    id: winit-version
-    attributes:
-      label: Winit version
-      description: What version of Winit are you using?
-      placeholder: 0.29.11
-    validations:
-      required: true

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/bug_macos.yml

@@ -1,37 +0,0 @@
-name: MacOS bug
-description: Create a macOS-specific bug report
-labels:
-  - B - bug
-  - DS - macos
-body:
-  - type: markdown
-    attributes:
-      value: |
-        Thanks for taking the time to fill out this bug report!
-  - type: textarea
-    id: description
-    attributes:
-      label: Description
-      description: Description of the problem you're having
-    validations:
-      required: true
-  - type: textarea
-    id: os-version
-    attributes:
-      label: macOS version
-      description: What version of macOS are you using? Please paste in the output of `sw_vers`.
-      placeholder: |
-        ProductName:            macOS
-        ProductVersion:         14.2.1
-        BuildVersion:           23C71
-      render: shell
-    validations:
-      required: true
-  - type: textarea
-    id: winit-version
-    attributes:
-      label: Winit version
-      description: What version of Winit are you using?
-      placeholder: 0.29.11
-    validations:
-      required: true

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/bug_wayland.yml

@@ -1,41 +0,0 @@
-name: Wayland bug
-description: Create a Wayland-specific bug report
-labels:
-  - B - bug
-  - DS - wayland
-body:
-  - type: markdown
-    attributes:
-      value: |
-        Thanks for taking the time to fill out this bug report!
-  - type: textarea
-    id: description
-    attributes:
-      label: Description
-      description: Description of the problem you're having
-    validations:
-      required: true
-  - type: textarea
-    id: debug
-    attributes:
-      label: Debugging output
-      description: Output of a binary run with `WAYLAND_DEBUG=1`
-      placeholder: |
-        [1234.5678]  -> wl_display@1.get_registry(new id wl_registry@2)
-        [1234.5678]  -> wl_display@1.sync(new id wl_callback@3)
-        ...
-      render: shell
-  - type: checkboxes
-    attributes:
-      label: Window isn't shown unless you draw
-      options:
-        - label: I understand that windows aren't shown on Wayland unless I draw and present to them.
-          required: true
-  - type: textarea
-    id: winit-version
-    attributes:
-      label: Winit version
-      description: What version of Winit are you using?
-      placeholder: 0.29.11
-    validations:
-      required: true

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/bug_web.yml

@@ -1,51 +0,0 @@
-name: Web bug
-description: Create a Web-specific bug report
-labels:
-  - B - bug
-  - DS - web
-body:
-  - type: markdown
-    attributes:
-      value: |
-        Thanks for taking the time to fill out this bug report!
-  - type: textarea
-    id: description
-    attributes:
-      label: Description
-      description: Description of the problem you're having
-    validations:
-      required: true
-  - type: dropdown
-    id: browsers
-    attributes:
-      label: Tested browsers
-      description: What browsers are you seeing the problem on?
-      options:
-        - Firefox
-        - Chrome
-        - Microsoft Edge
-        - Safari 13
-        - Safari 14
-        - Safari 15
-        - Safari 16
-        - Safari 17
-        - Safari (newer than listed)
-      multiple: true
-    validations:
-      required: true
-  - type: textarea
-    id: device
-    attributes:
-      label: Tested devices
-      description: Which device(s) are you using?
-      placeholder: 'iPhone 15, Lenovo ThinkPad X1, MacBook Pro M2, Samsung Galaxy Z, ...'
-    validations:
-      required: true
-  - type: textarea
-    id: winit-version
-    attributes:
-      label: Winit version
-      description: What version of Winit are you using?
-      placeholder: 0.29.11
-    validations:
-      required: true

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/bug_windows.yml

@@ -1,35 +0,0 @@
-name: Windows bug
-description: Create a Windows-specific bug report
-labels:
-  - B - bug
-  - DS - windows
-body:
-  - type: markdown
-    attributes:
-      value: |
-        Thanks for taking the time to fill out this bug report!
-  - type: textarea
-    id: description
-    attributes:
-      label: Description
-      description: Description of the problem you're having
-    validations:
-      required: true
-  - type: textarea
-    id: os-version
-    attributes:
-      label: Windows version
-      description: What version of Windows are you using? Please paste in the output of the `ver` command.
-      placeholder: |
-        Microsoft Windows [Version 10.0.19042.2251]
-      render: shell
-    validations:
-      required: true
-  - type: textarea
-    id: winit-version
-    attributes:
-      label: Winit version
-      description: What version of Winit are you using?
-      placeholder: 0.29.11
-    validations:
-      required: true

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/bug_x11.yml

@@ -1,32 +0,0 @@
-name: X11 bug
-description: Create a X11-specific bug report
-labels:
-  - B - bug
-  - DS - x11
-body:
-  - type: markdown
-    attributes:
-      value: |
-        Thanks for taking the time to fill out this bug report!
-  - type: textarea
-    id: description
-    attributes:
-      label: Description
-      description: Description of the problem you're having
-    validations:
-      required: true
-  - type: textarea
-    id: os-info
-    attributes:
-      label: OS and window mananger
-      description: Which operating system and window manager are you using?
-    validations:
-      required: true
-  - type: textarea
-    id: winit-version
-    attributes:
-      label: Winit version
-      description: What version of Winit are you using?
-      placeholder: 0.29.11
-    validations:
-      required: true

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/config.yml

@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
-blank_issues_enabled: true
-contact_links:
-  - name: Question
-    url: https://matrix.to/#/#rust-windowing:matrix.org
-    about: Please ask questions on the Matrix channel.

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/feature_request.yml

@@ -1,26 +0,0 @@
-name: Feature request
-description: Propose a new feature
-labels:
-  - S - enhancement
-body:
-  - type: textarea
-    id: description
-    attributes:
-      label: Description
-      description: Description of the problem does this solve or what need does it fill? Please be mindful of the [scope](https://github.com/rust-windowing/winit/blob/master/FEATURES.md) of Winit.
-    validations:
-      required: true
-  - type: dropdown
-    id: platforms
-    attributes:
-      label: Relevant platforms
-      description: On which platforms is this feature relevant?
-      options:
-        - Windows
-        - macOS
-        - Wayland
-        - X11
-        - Web
-        - iOS
-        - Android
-      multiple: true

.github/PULL_REQUEST_TEMPLATE.md

@@ -1,4 +1,8 @@
 - [ ] Tested on all platforms changed
-- [ ] Added an entry to the `changelog` module if knowledge of this change could be valuable to users
+- [ ] Compilation warnings were addressed
+- [ ] `cargo fmt` has been run on this branch
+- [ ] `cargo doc` builds successfully
+- [ ] Added an entry to `CHANGELOG.md` if knowledge of this change could be valuable to users
 - [ ] Updated documentation to reflect any user-facing changes, including notes of platform-specific behavior
 - [ ] Created or updated an example program if it would help users understand this functionality
+- [ ] Updated [feature matrix](https://github.com/rust-windowing/winit/blob/master/FEATURES.md), if new features were added or implemented

.github/dependabot.yaml

@@ -1,22 +0,0 @@
-version: 2
-
-updates:
-  - package-ecosystem: github-actions
-    directory: /
-    schedule:
-        interval: daily
-    groups:
-        github-actions:
-            patterns:
-                - "*"
-
-  - package-ecosystem: npm
-    directory: src/platform_impl/web/script
-    schedule:
-        interval: daily
-    groups:
-        github-actions:
-            patterns:
-                - '*'
-    labels:
-        - "DS - web"

.github/workflows/ci.yml

@@ -2,350 +2,118 @@ name: CI
 
 on:
   pull_request:
+    paths:
+      - '**.rs'
+      - '**.toml'
+      - '.github/workflows/ci.yml'
   push:
     branches: [master]
+    paths:
+      - '**.rs'
+      - '**.toml'
+      - '.github/workflows/ci.yml'
 
 jobs:
-  fmt:
-    name: Check formatting
+  Check_Formatting:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-    - uses: taiki-e/checkout-action@v1
-    - uses: dtolnay/rust-toolchain@nightly
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v2
+    - uses: hecrj/setup-rust-action@v1
       with:
+        rust-version: stable
         components: rustfmt
     - name: Check Formatting
-      run: cargo fmt -- --check
-
-  taplo:
-    name: Taplo
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    steps:
-      - name: Checkout
-        uses: taiki-e/checkout-action@v1
-      - name: Install Taplo
-        uses: taiki-e/install-action@v2
-        with:
-          tool: taplo-cli
-      - name: Run Taplo
-        run: taplo fmt --check
-
-  typos:
-    name: Check for typos
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    timeout-minutes: 30
-    steps:
-      - uses: taiki-e/checkout-action@v1
-      - uses: taiki-e/install-action@v2
-        with:
-          tool: typos-cli
-      - name: run typos
-        run: typos
-      - name: Typos info
-        if: failure()
-        run: |
-          echo 'To fix typos, please run `typos -w`'
-          echo 'To check for a diff, run `typos`'
-          echo 'You can find typos here: https://crates.io/crates/typos'
-
-  tests:
-    name: Test ${{ matrix.toolchain }} ${{ matrix.platform.name }}
-    runs-on: ${{ matrix.platform.os }}
+      run: cargo +stable fmt --all -- --check
 
+  Tests:
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false
       matrix:
-        toolchain: [stable, nightly, '1.80']
+        rust_version: [stable, nightly]
         platform:
-          # Note: Make sure that we test all the `docs.rs` targets defined in Cargo.toml!
-          - { name: 'Windows 64bit MSVC', target: x86_64-pc-windows-msvc,   os: windows-latest,  }
-          - { name: 'Windows 32bit MSVC', target: i686-pc-windows-msvc,     os: windows-latest,  }
-          - { name: 'Windows 64bit GNU',  target: x86_64-pc-windows-gnu,    os: windows-latest, host: -x86_64-pc-windows-gnu }
-          - { name: 'Windows 32bit GNU',  target: i686-pc-windows-gnu,      os: windows-latest, host: -i686-pc-windows-gnu }
-          - { name: 'Linux 32bit',        target: i686-unknown-linux-gnu,   os: ubuntu-latest,   }
-          - { name: 'Linux 64bit',        target: x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu, os: ubuntu-latest,   }
-          - { name: 'X11',                target: x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu, os: ubuntu-latest, options: '--no-default-features --features=x11' }
-          - { name: 'Wayland',            target: x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu, os: ubuntu-latest, options: '--no-default-features --features=wayland,wayland-dlopen' }
-          - { name: 'Android',            target: aarch64-linux-android,    os: ubuntu-latest, options: '--package winit --features=android-native-activity', cmd: 'apk -- ' }
-          - { name: 'Redox OS',           target: x86_64-unknown-redox,     os: ubuntu-latest,   }
-          - { name: 'macOS x86_64',       target: x86_64-apple-darwin,      os: macos-latest,    }
-          - { name: 'macOS Aarch64',      target: aarch64-apple-darwin,     os: macos-latest,    }
-          - { name: 'iOS x86_64',         target: x86_64-apple-ios,         os: macos-latest,    }
-          - { name: 'iOS Aarch64',        target: aarch64-apple-ios,        os: macos-latest,    }
-          - { name: 'Web',                target: wasm32-unknown-unknown,   os: ubuntu-latest,   }
-        exclude:
-              # Web on nightly needs extra arguments
-
-          - toolchain: nightly
-            platform: { name: 'Web' }
-            # Rustup is broken.
-          - toolchain: nightly
-            platform: { name: 'Windows 32bit GNU' }
-          # Android is tested on stable-3
-          - toolchain: '1.80'
-            platform: { name: 'Android' }
-          # Redox OS doesn't follow MSRV
-          - toolchain: '1.80'
-            platform: { name: 'Redox OS' }
-        include:
-          - toolchain: '1.80'
-            platform: { name: 'Android', target: aarch64-linux-android, os: ubuntu-latest, options: '--package winit --features=android-native-activity', cmd: 'apk -- ' }
-          - toolchain: 'nightly'
-            platform: { name: 'Web', target: wasm32-unknown-unknown, os: ubuntu-latest, test-options: -Zdoctest-xcompile }
-          - toolchain: 'nightly'
-            platform: {
-              name:         'Web Atomic',
-              target:       wasm32-unknown-unknown,
-              os:           ubuntu-latest,
-              options:      '-Zbuild-std=panic_abort,std',
-              test-options: -Zdoctest-xcompile,
-              rustflags:    '-Ctarget-feature=+atomics,+bulk-memory',
-              components:   rust-src,
-            }
+          - { target: x86_64-pc-windows-msvc,   os: windows-latest,  }
+          - { target: i686-pc-windows-msvc,     os: windows-latest,  }
+          - { target: x86_64-pc-windows-gnu,    os: windows-latest, host: -x86_64-pc-windows-gnu }
+          - { target: i686-pc-windows-gnu,      os: windows-latest, host: -i686-pc-windows-gnu }
+          - { target: i686-unknown-linux-gnu,   os: ubuntu-latest,   }
+          - { target: x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu, os: ubuntu-latest,   }
+          - { target: x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu, os: ubuntu-latest, options: --no-default-features, features: x11 }
+          - { target: x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu, os: ubuntu-latest, options: --no-default-features, features: wayland }
+          - { target: aarch64-linux-android,    os: ubuntu-latest,  cmd: 'apk --' }
+          - { target: x86_64-apple-darwin,      os: macos-latest,    }
+          - { target: x86_64-apple-ios,         os: macos-latest,    }
+          - { target: aarch64-apple-ios,        os: macos-latest,    }
+          # We're using Windows rather than Ubuntu to run the wasm tests because caching cargo-web
+          # doesn't currently work on Linux.
+          - { target: wasm32-unknown-unknown,   os: windows-latest, features: stdweb,  cmd: web }
+          - { target: wasm32-unknown-unknown,   os: windows-latest, features: web-sys, cmd: web }
 
     env:
-      # Set more verbose terminal output
-      CARGO_TERM_VERBOSE: true
       RUST_BACKTRACE: 1
-
-      # Faster compilation and error on warnings
-      RUSTFLAGS: '--codegen=debuginfo=0 --deny=warnings ${{ matrix.platform.rustflags }}'
-      RUSTDOCFLAGS: ${{ matrix.platform.rustflags }}
-
-      OPTIONS: --target=${{ matrix.platform.target }} ${{ matrix.platform.options }}
-      TEST_OPTIONS: ${{ matrix.platform.test-options }}
+      CARGO_INCREMENTAL: 0
+      RUSTFLAGS: "-C debuginfo=0"
+      OPTIONS: ${{ matrix.platform.options }}
+      FEATURES: ${{ format(',{0}', matrix.platform.features ) }}
       CMD: ${{ matrix.platform.cmd }}
 
+    runs-on: ${{ matrix.platform.os }}
     steps:
-    - uses: taiki-e/checkout-action@v1
-
-    - name: Restore cache of cargo folder
-      # We use `restore` and later `save`, so that we can create the key after
-      # the cache has been downloaded.
-      #
-      # This could be avoided if we added Cargo.lock to the repository.
-      uses: actions/cache/restore@v4
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v2
+    # Used to cache cargo-web
+    - name: Cache cargo folder
+      uses: actions/cache@v1
       with:
-        # https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/guide/cargo-home.html#caching-the-cargo-home-in-ci
-        path: |
-          ~/.cargo/registry/index/
-          ~/.cargo/registry/cache/
-          ~/.cargo/git/db/
-        key: cargo-${{ matrix.toolchain }}-${{ matrix.platform.name }}-never-intended-to-be-found
-        restore-keys: cargo-${{ matrix.toolchain }}-${{ matrix.platform.name }}
+        path: ~/.cargo
+        key: ${{ matrix.platform.target }}-cargo-${{ matrix.rust_version }}
 
-    - name: Generate lockfile
-      # Also updates the crates.io index
-      run: cargo generate-lockfile && cargo update -p ahash --precise 0.8.7 && cargo update -p bumpalo --precise 3.14.0
+    - uses: hecrj/setup-rust-action@v1
+      with:
+        rust-version: ${{ matrix.rust_version }}${{ matrix.platform.host }}
+        targets: ${{ matrix.platform.target }}
 
     - name: Install GCC Multilib
       if: (matrix.platform.os == 'ubuntu-latest') && contains(matrix.platform.target, 'i686')
       run: sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install gcc-multilib
-
-    - name: Cache cargo-apk
-      if: contains(matrix.platform.target, 'android')
-      id: cargo-apk-cache
-      uses: actions/cache@v4
-      with:
-        path: ~/.cargo/bin/cargo-apk
-        # Change this key if we update the required cargo-apk version
-        key: cargo-apk-v0-9-7
-
-    - uses: dtolnay/rust-toolchain@master
-      if: contains(matrix.platform.target, 'android') && (steps.cargo-apk-cache.outputs.cache-hit != 'true')
-      with:
-        toolchain: stable
-
     - name: Install cargo-apk
-      if: contains(matrix.platform.target, 'android') && (steps.cargo-apk-cache.outputs.cache-hit != 'true')
-      run: cargo install cargo-apk --version=^0.9.7 --locked
-
-    - uses: taiki-e/cache-cargo-install-action@v2
-      if: contains(matrix.platform.target, 'wasm32') && matrix.toolchain == 'nightly'
-      with:
-        tool: wasm-bindgen-cli
-
-    - uses: dtolnay/rust-toolchain@master
-      with:
-        toolchain: ${{ matrix.toolchain }}${{ matrix.platform.host }}
-        targets: ${{ matrix.platform.target }}
-        components: clippy, ${{ matrix.platform.components }}
+      if: contains(matrix.platform.target, 'android')
+      run: cargo install cargo-apk
+    - name: Install cargo-web
+      continue-on-error: true
+      if: contains(matrix.platform.target, 'wasm32')
+      run: cargo install cargo-web
 
     - name: Check documentation
-      run: cargo doc --no-deps $OPTIONS --document-private-items
-      env:
-        RUSTDOCFLAGS: '--deny=warnings ${{ matrix.platform.rustflags }}'
+      shell: bash
+      if: matrix.platform.target != 'wasm32-unknown-unknown'
+      run: cargo $CMD doc --no-deps --target ${{ matrix.platform.target }} $OPTIONS --features $FEATURES
 
-    - name: Build crate
-      run: cargo $CMD build $OPTIONS
-
-    - name: Test winit core
-      run: cargo test -p winit-core
-
-    - name: Test winit Android
-      if: contains(matrix.platform.target, 'android')
-      run: cargo $CMD test -p winit-android --features native-activity --no-run
-
-    - name: Test winit Common (EventHandler)
-      run: cargo $CMD test -p winit-common --features event-handler --no-run
-
-    - name: Test winit Common (CF)
-      if: contains(matrix.platform.target, 'apple')
-      run: cargo $CMD test -p winit-common --features core-foundation --no-run
-
-    - name: Test winit Common (XKB)
-      if: contains(matrix.platform.target, 'linux-gnu')
-      run: cargo $CMD test -p winit-common --features xkb,x11,wayland --no-run
-
-    - name: Test winit AppKit
-      if: contains(matrix.platform.target, 'macos')
-      run: cargo $CMD test -p winit-appkit $OPTIONS
-
-    - name: Test winit Orbital
-      if: contains(matrix.platform.target, 'redox')
-      run: cargo test -p winit-orbital
-
-    - name: Test winit UIKit
-      if: contains(matrix.platform.target, 'ios')
-      # TODO: Run on Simulator
-      run: cargo $CMD test -p winit-uikit $OPTIONS --no-run
-
-    - name: Test winit Web
-      if: contains(matrix.platform.target, 'wasm')
-      run: cargo $CMD test -p winit-web $OPTIONS --no-run
-
-    - name: Test winit Win32
-      if: contains(matrix.platform.target, 'windows')
-      run: cargo $CMD test -p winit-win32 $OPTIONS
-
-    - name: Test winit X11
-      if: contains(matrix.platform.target, 'linux-gnu')
-      run: cargo $CMD test -p winit-x11 --target=${{ matrix.platform.target }}
-
-    - name: Test winit Wayland
-      if: contains(matrix.platform.target, 'linux-gnu')
-      run: cargo $CMD test -p winit-wayland --target=${{ matrix.platform.target }}
-
-    # Test only on Linux x86_64, so we avoid spending unnecessary CI hours.
-    - name: Test dpi crate
-      if: >
-        contains(matrix.platform.name, 'Linux 64bit') &&
-        matrix.toolchain != '1.80'
-      run: cargo test -p dpi
-
-    - name: Check dpi crate (no_std)
-      if: >
-        contains(matrix.platform.name, 'Linux 64bit') &&
-        matrix.toolchain != '1.80'
-      run: cargo check -p dpi --no-default-features
+    - name: Build
+      shell: bash
+      run: cargo $CMD build --verbose --target ${{ matrix.platform.target }} $OPTIONS --features $FEATURES
 
     - name: Build tests
-      if: >
-        !contains(matrix.platform.target, 'redox') &&
-        matrix.toolchain != '1.80'
-      run: cargo $CMD test --no-run $OPTIONS
-
+      shell: bash
+      run: cargo $CMD test --no-run --verbose --target ${{ matrix.platform.target }} $OPTIONS --features $FEATURES
     - name: Run tests
-      if: >
+      shell: bash
+      if: (
         !contains(matrix.platform.target, 'android') &&
         !contains(matrix.platform.target, 'ios') &&
-        (!contains(matrix.platform.target, 'wasm32') || matrix.toolchain == 'nightly') &&
-        !contains(matrix.platform.target, 'redox') &&
-        matrix.toolchain != '1.80'
-      run: cargo $CMD test $OPTIONS
+        !contains(matrix.platform.target, 'wasm32'))
+      run: cargo $CMD test --verbose --target ${{ matrix.platform.target }} $OPTIONS --features $FEATURES
 
-    - name: Lint with clippy
-      if: (matrix.toolchain == 'stable') && !contains(matrix.platform.options, '--no-default-features')
-      run: cargo clippy --all-targets $OPTIONS $TEST_OPTIONS -- -Dwarnings
+
+    - name: Build with serde enabled
+      shell: bash
+      run: cargo $CMD build --verbose --target ${{ matrix.platform.target }} $OPTIONS --features serde,$FEATURES
 
     - name: Build tests with serde enabled
-      if: >
-        !contains(matrix.platform.target, 'redox') &&
-        matrix.toolchain != '1.80'
-      run: cargo $CMD test --no-run $OPTIONS $TEST_OPTIONS --features serde
-
+      shell: bash
+      run: cargo $CMD test --no-run --verbose --target ${{ matrix.platform.target }} $OPTIONS --features serde,$FEATURES
     - name: Run tests with serde enabled
-      if: >
+      shell: bash
+      if: (
         !contains(matrix.platform.target, 'android') &&
         !contains(matrix.platform.target, 'ios') &&
-        (!contains(matrix.platform.target, 'wasm32') || matrix.toolchain == 'nightly') &&
-        !contains(matrix.platform.target, 'redox') &&
-        matrix.toolchain != '1.80'
-      run: cargo $CMD test $OPTIONS $TEST_OPTIONS --features serde
-
-    - name: Check docs.rs documentation
-      if: matrix.toolchain == 'nightly'
-      run: cargo doc --no-deps $OPTIONS --features=serde,mint,android-native-activity
-      env:
-        RUSTDOCFLAGS: '--deny=warnings ${{ matrix.platform.rustflags }} --cfg=docsrs --cfg=unreleased_changelogs'
-
-    # See restore step above
-    - name: Save cache of cargo folder
-      uses: actions/cache/save@v4
-      with:
-        path: |
-          ~/.cargo/registry/index/
-          ~/.cargo/registry/cache/
-          ~/.cargo/git/db/
-        key: cargo-${{ matrix.toolchain }}-${{ matrix.platform.name }}-${{ hashFiles('Cargo.lock') }}
-
-  cargo-deny:
-    name: Run cargo-deny on ${{ matrix.platform.name }}
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-
-    # TODO: remove this matrix when https://github.com/EmbarkStudios/cargo-deny/issues/324 is resolved
-    strategy:
-      fail-fast: false
-      matrix:
-        platform:
-          - { name: 'Android', target: aarch64-linux-android }
-          - { name: 'iOS', target: aarch64-apple-ios }
-          - { name: 'Linux', target: x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu }
-          - { name: 'macOS', target: aarch64-apple-darwin }
-          - { name: 'Redox OS', target: x86_64-unknown-redox }
-          - { name: 'Web', target: wasm32-unknown-unknown }
-          - { name: 'Windows GNU', target: x86_64-pc-windows-gnu }
-          - { name: 'Windows MSVC', target: x86_64-pc-windows-msvc }
-
-    steps:
-    - uses: taiki-e/checkout-action@v1
-    - uses: EmbarkStudios/cargo-deny-action@v2
-      with:
-        command: check
-        log-level: error
-        manifest-path: winit/Cargo.toml
-        arguments: --all-features --target ${{ matrix.platform.target }}
-
-  eslint:
-    name: ESLint
-
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    defaults:
-      run:
-        working-directory: ./winit-web/src/script
-
-    steps:
-      - uses: taiki-e/checkout-action@v1
-      - name: Setup NPM
-        run: npm install
-      - name: Run ESLint
-        run: npx eslint
-
-  swc:
-    name: Minimize JavaScript
-
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    defaults:
-      run:
-        working-directory: ./winit-web/src/script
-
-    steps:
-      - uses: taiki-e/checkout-action@v1
-      - name: Install SWC
-        run: sudo npm i -g @swc/cli
-      - name: Run SWC
-        run: |
-          swc . --ignore node_modules,**/*.d.ts --only **/*.ts -d . --out-file-extension min.js
-      - name: Check for diff
-        run: |
-          [[ -z $(git status -s) ]]
+        !contains(matrix.platform.target, 'wasm32'))
+      run: cargo $CMD test --verbose --target ${{ matrix.platform.target }} $OPTIONS --features serde,$FEATURES

.github/workflows/docs.yml

@@ -1,50 +0,0 @@
-name: Docs
-
-on:
-  push:
-    branches: [master]
-
-jobs:
-  docs:
-    name: Documentation
-    environment:
-      name: github-pages
-      url: ${{ steps.deployment.outputs.page_url }}winit
-
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-
-    permissions:
-      contents: read
-      pages: write
-      id-token: write
-
-    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v5
-
-      - uses: dtolnay/rust-toolchain@master
-        with:
-          toolchain: nightly
-
-      - name: Run Rustdoc
-        env:
-          RUSTDOCFLAGS: --crate-version master --cfg=docsrs --cfg=unreleased_changelogs
-        run: |
-          cargo doc --no-deps -Z rustdoc-map -Z rustdoc-scrape-examples --features=serde,mint,android-native-activity
-
-      - name: Setup Pages
-        uses: actions/configure-pages@v5
-
-      - name: Fix permissions
-        run: |
-          chmod -c -R +rX "target/doc" | while read line; do
-            echo "::warning title=Invalid file permissions automatically fixed::$line"
-          done
-
-      - name: Upload artifact
-        uses: actions/upload-pages-artifact@v4
-        with:
-          path: target/doc
-
-      - name: Deploy to GitHub Pages
-        id: deployment
-        uses: actions/deploy-pages@v4

.github/workflows/publish.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+name: Publish
+
+on:
+  push:
+    tags:
+    - 'v*' # Push events to matching v*, i.e. v1.0, v20.15.10
+
+jobs:
+  Publish:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v2
+    - uses: hecrj/setup-rust-action@v1
+      with:
+        rust-version: stable
+        components: rustfmt
+    - name: Publish to crates.io
+      run: cargo publish --token ${{ secrets.cratesio_token }}

.gitignore

@@ -3,8 +3,8 @@ target/
 rls/
 .vscode/
 *~
+*.wasm
+*.ts
+*.js
 #*#
-.DS_Store
-# NPM package used to run ESLint.
-/src/platform_impl/web/script/node_modules
-/src/platform_impl/web/script/package-lock.json
+.DS_Store

.gitmodules

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+[submodule "deps/apk-builder"]
+	path = deps/apk-builder
+	url = https://github.com/rust-windowing/android-rs-glue

CHANGELOG.md

@@ -1,8 +1,714 @@
-Changelog entries should be put in the [`changelog::unreleased`].
+# 0.25.0 (2021-05-15)
 
-The changelog can also be viewed [on docs.rs][docs_rs] or [on the current
-master docs][master_docs].
+- **Breaking:** On macOS, replace `WindowBuilderExtMacOS::with_activation_policy` with `EventLoopExtMacOS::set_activation_policy`
+- On macOS, wait with activating the application until the application has initialized.
+- On macOS, fix creating new windows when the application has a main menu.
+- On Windows, fix fractional deltas for mouse wheel device events.
+- On macOS, fix segmentation fault after dropping the main window.
+- On Android, `InputEvent::KeyEvent` is partially implemented providing the key scancode.
+- Added `is_maximized` method to `Window`.
+- On Windows, fix bug where clicking the decoration bar would make the cursor blink.
+- On Windows, fix bug causing newly created windows to erroneously display the "wait" (spinning) cursor.
+- On macOS, wake up the event loop immediately when a redraw is requested.
+- On Windows, change the default window size (1024x768) to match the default on other desktop platforms (800x600).
+- On Windows, fix bug causing mouse capture to not be released.
+- On Windows, fix fullscreen not preserving minimized/maximized state.
+- On Android, unimplemented events are marked as unhandled on the native event loop.
+- On Windows, added `WindowBuilderExtWindows::with_menu` to set a custom menu at window creation time.
+- On Android, bump `ndk` and `ndk-glue` to 0.3: use predefined constants for event `ident`.
+- On macOS, fix objects captured by the event loop closure not being dropped on panic.
+- On Windows, fixed `WindowEvent::ThemeChanged` not properly firing and fixed `Window::theme` returning the wrong theme.
+- On Web, added support for `DeviceEvent::MouseMotion` to listen for relative mouse movements.
+- Added `WindowBuilder::with_position` to allow setting the position of a `Window` on creation. Supported on Windows, macOS and X11.
+- Added `Window::drag_window`. Implemented on Windows, macOS, X11 and Wayland.
+- On X11, bump `mio` to 0.7.
+- On Windows, added `WindowBuilderExtWindows::with_owner_window` to allow creating popup windows.
+- On Windows, added `WindowExtWindows::set_enable` to allow creating modal popup windows.
+- On macOS, emit `RedrawRequested` events immediately while the window is being resized.
+- Implement `Default`, `Hash`, and `Eq` for `LogicalPosition`, `PhysicalPosition`, `LogicalSize`, and `PhysicalSize`.
+- On macOS, initialize the Menu Bar with minimal defaults. (Can be prevented using `enable_default_menu_creation`)
+- On macOS, change the default behavior for first click when the window was unfocused. Now the window becomes focused and then emits a `MouseInput` event on a "first mouse click".
+- Implement mint (math interoperability standard types) conversions (under feature flag `mint`).
 
-[`changelog::unreleased`]: winit/src/changelog/unreleased.md
-[docs_rs]: https://docs.rs/winit/latest/winit/changelog/index.html
-[master_docs]: https://rust-windowing.github.io/winit/winit/changelog/index.html
+# 0.24.0 (2020-12-09)
+
+- On Windows, fix applications not exiting gracefully due to thread_event_target_callback accessing corrupted memory.
+- On Windows, implement `Window::set_ime_position`.
+- **Breaking:** On Windows, Renamed `WindowBuilderExtWindows`'s `is_dark_mode` to `theme`.
+- **Breaking:** On Windows, renamed `WindowBuilderExtWindows::is_dark_mode` to `theme`.
+- On Windows, add `WindowBuilderExtWindows::with_theme` to set a preferred theme.
+- On Windows, fix bug causing message boxes to appear delayed.
+- On Android, calling `WindowEvent::Focused` now works properly instead of always returning false.
+- On Windows, fix Alt-Tab behaviour by removing borderless fullscreen "always on top" flag.
+- On Windows, fix bug preventing windows with transparency enabled from having fully-opaque regions.
+- **Breaking:** On Windows, include prefix byte in scancodes.
+- On Wayland, fix window not being resizeable when using `WindowBuilder::with_min_inner_size`.
+- On Unix, fix cross-compiling to wasm32 without enabling X11 or Wayland.
+- On Windows, fix use-after-free crash during window destruction.
+- On Web, fix `WindowEvent::ReceivedCharacter` never being sent on key input.
+- On macOS, fix compilation when targeting aarch64.
+- On X11, fix `Window::request_redraw` not waking the event loop.
+- On Wayland, the keypad arrow keys are now recognized.
+- **Breaking** Rename `desktop::EventLoopExtDesktop` to `run_return::EventLoopExtRunReturn`.
+- Added `request_user_attention` method to `Window`.
+- **Breaking:** On macOS, removed `WindowExt::request_user_attention`, use `Window::request_user_attention`.
+- **Breaking:** On X11, removed `WindowExt::set_urgent`, use `Window::request_user_attention`.
+- On Wayland, default font size in CSD increased from 11 to 17.
+- On Windows, fix bug causing message boxes to appear delayed.
+- On Android, support multi-touch.
+- On Wayland, extra mouse buttons are not dropped anymore.
+- **Breaking**: `MouseButton::Other` now uses `u16`.
+
+# 0.23.0 (2020-10-02)
+
+- On iOS, fixed support for the "Debug View Heirarchy" feature in Xcode.
+- On all platforms, `available_monitors` and `primary_monitor` are now on `EventLoopWindowTarget` rather than `EventLoop` to list monitors event in the event loop.
+- On Unix, X11 and Wayland are now optional features (enabled by default)
+- On X11, fix deadlock when calling `set_fullscreen_inner`.
+- On Web, prevent the webpage from scrolling when the user is focused on a winit canvas
+- On Web, calling `window.set_cursor_icon` no longer breaks HiDPI scaling
+- On Windows, drag and drop is now optional (enabled by default) and can be disabled with `WindowBuilderExtWindows::with_drag_and_drop(false)`.
+- On Wayland, fix deadlock when calling to `set_inner_size` from a callback.
+- On macOS, add `hide__other_applications` to `EventLoopWindowTarget` via existing `EventLoopWindowTargetExtMacOS` trait. `hide_other_applications` will hide other applications by calling `-[NSApplication hideOtherApplications: nil]`.
+- On android added support for `run_return`.
+- On MacOS, Fixed fullscreen and dialog support for `run_return`.
+- On Windows, fix bug where we'd try to emit `MainEventsCleared` events during nested win32 event loops.
+- On Web, use mouse events if pointer events aren't supported. This affects Safari.
+- On Windows, `set_ime_position` is now a no-op instead of a runtime crash.
+- On Android, `set_fullscreen` is now a no-op instead of a runtime crash.
+- On iOS and Android, `set_inner_size` is now a no-op instead of a runtime crash.
+- On Android, fix `ControlFlow::Poll` not polling the Android event queue.
+- On macOS, add `NSWindow.hasShadow` support.
+- On Web, fix vertical mouse wheel scrolling being inverted.
+- On Web, implement mouse capturing for click-dragging out of the canvas.
+- On Web, fix `ControlFlow::Exit` not properly handled.
+- On Web (web-sys only), send `WindowEvent::ScaleFactorChanged` event when `window.devicePixelRatio` is changed.
+- **Breaking:** On Web, `set_cursor_position` and `set_cursor_grab` will now always return an error.
+- **Breaking:** `PixelDelta` scroll events now return a `PhysicalPosition`.
+- On NetBSD, fixed crash due to incorrect detection of the main thread.
+- **Breaking:** On X11, `-` key is mapped to the `Minus` virtual key code, instead of `Subtract`.
+- On macOS, fix inverted horizontal scroll.
+- **Breaking:** `current_monitor` now returns `Option<MonitorHandle>`.
+- **Breaking:** `primary_monitor` now returns `Option<MonitorHandle>`.
+- On macOS, updated core-* dependencies and cocoa.
+- Bump `parking_lot` to 0.11
+- On Android, bump `ndk`, `ndk-sys` and `ndk-glue` to 0.2. Checkout the new ndk-glue main proc attribute.
+- On iOS, fixed starting the app in landscape where the view still had portrait dimensions.
+- Deprecate the stdweb backend, to be removed in a future release
+- **Breaking:** Prefixed virtual key codes `Add`, `Multiply`, `Divide`, `Decimal`, and `Subtract` with `Numpad`.
+- Added `Asterisk` and `Plus` virtual key codes.
+- On Web (web-sys only), the `Event::LoopDestroyed` event is correctly emitted when leaving the page.
+- On Web, the `WindowEvent::Destroyed` event now gets emitted when a `Window` is dropped.
+- On Web (web-sys only), the event listeners are now removed when a `Window` is dropped or when the event loop is destroyed.
+- On Web, the event handler closure passed to `EventLoop::run` now gets dropped after the event loop is destroyed.
+- **Breaking:** On Web, the canvas element associated to a `Window` is no longer removed from the DOM when the `Window` is dropped.
+- On Web, `WindowEvent::Resized` is now emitted when `Window::set_inner_size` is called.
+- **Breaking:** `Fullscreen` enum now uses `Borderless(Option<MonitorHandle>)` instead of `Borderless(MonitorHandle)` to allow picking the current monitor.
+- On MacOS, fix `WindowEvent::Moved` ignoring the scale factor.
+- On Wayland, add missing virtual keycodes.
+- On Wayland, implement proper `set_cursor_grab`.
+- On Wayland, the cursor will use similar icons if the requested one isn't available.
+- On Wayland, right clicking on client side decorations will request application menu.
+- On Wayland, fix tracking of window size after state changes.
+- On Wayland, fix client side decorations not being hidden properly in fullscreen.
+- On Wayland, fix incorrect size event when entering fullscreen with client side decorations.
+- On Wayland, fix `resizable` attribute not being applied properly on startup.
+- On Wayland, fix disabled repeat rate not being handled.
+- On Wayland, fix decoration buttons not working after tty switch.
+- On Wayland, fix scaling not being applied on output re-enable.
+- On Wayland, fix crash when `XCURSOR_SIZE` is `0`.
+- On Wayland, fix pointer getting created in some cases without pointer capability.
+- On Wayland, on kwin, fix space between window and decorations on startup.
+- **Breaking:** On Wayland, `Theme` trait was reworked.
+- On Wayland, disable maximize button for non-resizable window.
+- On Wayland, added support for `set_ime_position`.
+- On Wayland, fix crash on startup since GNOME 3.37.90.
+- On X11, fix incorrect modifiers state on startup.
+
+# 0.22.2 (2020-05-16)
+
+- Added Clone implementation for 'static events.
+- On Windows, fix window intermittently hanging when `ControlFlow` was set to `Poll`.
+- On Windows, fix `WindowBuilder::with_maximized` being ignored.
+- On Android, minimal platform support.
+- On iOS, touch positions are now properly converted to physical pixels.
+- On macOS, updated core-* dependencies and cocoa
+
+# 0.22.1 (2020-04-16)
+
+- On X11, fix `ResumeTimeReached` being fired too early.
+- On Web, replaced zero timeout for `ControlFlow::Poll` with `requestAnimationFrame`
+- On Web, fix a possible panic during event handling
+- On macOS, fix `EventLoopProxy` leaking memory for every instance.
+
+# 0.22.0 (2020-03-09)
+
+- On Windows, fix minor timing issue in wait_until_time_or_msg
+- On Windows, rework handling of request_redraw() to address panics.
+- On macOS, fix `set_simple_screen` to remember frame excluding title bar.
+- On Wayland, fix coordinates in touch events when scale factor isn't 1.
+- On Wayland, fix color from `close_button_icon_color` not applying.
+- Ignore locale if unsupported by X11 backend
+- On Wayland, Add HiDPI cursor support
+- On Web, add the ability to query "Light" or "Dark" system theme send `ThemeChanged` on change.
+- Fix `Event::to_static` returning `None` for user events.
+- On Wayland, Hide CSD for fullscreen windows.
+- On Windows, ignore spurious mouse move messages.
+- **Breaking:** Move `ModifiersChanged` variant from `DeviceEvent` to `WindowEvent`.
+- On Windows, add `IconExtWindows` trait which exposes creating an `Icon` from an external file or embedded resource
+- Add `BadIcon::OsError` variant for when OS icon functionality fails
+- On Windows, fix crash at startup on systems that do not properly support Windows' Dark Mode
+- Revert On macOS, fix not sending ReceivedCharacter event for specific keys combinations.
+- on macOS, fix incorrect ReceivedCharacter events for some key combinations.
+- **Breaking:** Use `i32` instead of `u32` for position type in `WindowEvent::Moved`.
+- On macOS, a mouse motion event is now generated before every mouse click.
+
+# 0.21.0 (2020-02-04)
+
+- On Windows, fixed "error: linking with `link.exe` failed: exit code: 1120" error on older versions of windows.
+- On macOS, fix set_minimized(true) works only with decorations.
+- On macOS, add `hide_application` to `EventLoopWindowTarget` via a new `EventLoopWindowTargetExtMacOS` trait. `hide_application` will hide the entire application by calling `-[NSApplication hide: nil]`.
+- On macOS, fix not sending ReceivedCharacter event for specific keys combinations.
+- On macOS, fix `CursorMoved` event reporting the cursor position using logical coordinates.
+- On macOS, fix issue where unbundled applications would sometimes open without being focused.
+- On macOS, fix `run_return` does not return unless it receives a message.
+- On Windows, fix bug where `RedrawRequested` would only get emitted every other iteration of the event loop.
+- On X11, fix deadlock on window state when handling certain window events.
+- `WindowBuilder` now implements `Default`.
+- **Breaking:** `WindowEvent::CursorMoved` changed to `f64` units, preserving high-precision data supplied by most backends
+- On Wayland, fix coordinates in mouse events when scale factor isn't 1
+- On Web, add the ability to provide a custom canvas
+- **Breaking:** On Wayland, the `WaylandTheme` struct has been replaced with a `Theme` trait, allowing for extra configuration
+
+# 0.20.0 (2020-01-05)
+
+- On X11, fix `ModifiersChanged` emitting incorrect modifier change events
+- **Breaking**: Overhaul how Winit handles DPI:
+  + Window functions and events now return `PhysicalSize` instead of `LogicalSize`.
+  + Functions that take `Size` or `Position` types can now take either `Logical` or `Physical` types.
+  + `hidpi_factor` has been renamed to `scale_factor`.
+  + `HiDpiFactorChanged` has been renamed to `ScaleFactorChanged`, and lets you control how the OS
+    resizes the window in response to the change.
+  + On X11, deprecate `WINIT_HIDPI_FACTOR` environment variable in favor of `WINIT_X11_SCALE_FACTOR`.
+  + `Size` and `Position` types are now generic over their exact pixel type.
+
+# 0.20.0 Alpha 6 (2020-01-03)
+
+- On macOS, fix `set_cursor_visible` hides cursor outside of window.
+- On macOS, fix `CursorEntered` and `CursorLeft` events fired at old window size.
+- On macOS, fix error when `set_fullscreen` is called during fullscreen transition.
+- On all platforms except mobile and WASM, implement `Window::set_minimized`.
+- On X11, fix `CursorEntered` event being generated for non-winit windows.
+- On macOS, fix crash when starting maximized without decorations.
+- On macOS, fix application not terminating on `run_return`.
+- On Wayland, fix cursor icon updates on window borders when using CSD.
+- On Wayland, under mutter(GNOME Wayland), fix CSD being behind the status bar, when starting window in maximized mode.
+- On Windows, theme the title bar according to whether the system theme is "Light" or "Dark".
+- Added `WindowEvent::ThemeChanged` variant to handle changes to the system theme. Currently only implemented on Windows.
+- **Breaking**: Changes to the `RedrawRequested` event (#1041):
+  - `RedrawRequested` has been moved from `WindowEvent` to `Event`.
+  - `EventsCleared` has been renamed to `MainEventsCleared`.
+  - `RedrawRequested` is now issued only after `MainEventsCleared`.
+  - `RedrawEventsCleared` is issued after each set of `RedrawRequested` events.
+- Implement synthetic window focus key events on Windows.
+- **Breaking**: Change `ModifiersState` to a `bitflags` struct.
+- On Windows, implement `VirtualKeyCode` translation for `LWin` and `RWin`.
+- On Windows, fix closing the last opened window causing `DeviceEvent`s to stop getting emitted.
+- On Windows, fix `Window::set_visible` not setting internal flags correctly. This resulted in some weird behavior.
+- Add `DeviceEvent::ModifiersChanged`.
+  - Deprecate `modifiers` fields in other events in favor of `ModifiersChanged`.
+- On X11, `WINIT_HIDPI_FACTOR` now dominates `Xft.dpi` when picking DPI factor for output.
+- On X11, add special value `randr` for `WINIT_HIDPI_FACTOR` to make winit use self computed DPI factor instead of the one from `Xft.dpi`.
+
+# 0.20.0 Alpha 5 (2019-12-09)
+
+- On macOS, fix application termination on `ControlFlow::Exit`
+- On Windows, fix missing `ReceivedCharacter` events when Alt is held.
+- On macOS, stop emitting private corporate characters in `ReceivedCharacter` events.
+- On X11, fix misreporting DPI factor at startup.
+- On X11, fix events not being reported when using `run_return`.
+- On X11, fix key modifiers being incorrectly reported.
+- On X11, fix window creation hanging when another window is fullscreen.
+- On Windows, fix focusing unfocused windows when switching from fullscreen to windowed.
+- On X11, fix reporting incorrect DPI factor when waking from suspend.
+- Change `EventLoopClosed` to contain the original event.
+- **Breaking**: Add `is_synthetic` field to `WindowEvent` variant `KeyboardInput`,
+  indicating that the event is generated by winit.
+- On X11, generate synthetic key events for keys held when a window gains or loses focus.
+- On X11, issue a `CursorMoved` event when a `Touch` event occurs,
+  as X11 implicitly moves the cursor for such events.
+
+# 0.20.0 Alpha 4 (2019-10-18)
+
+- Add web support via the 'stdweb' or 'web-sys' features
+- On Windows, implemented function to get HINSTANCE
+- On macOS, implement `run_return`.
+- On iOS, fix inverted parameter in `set_prefers_home_indicator_hidden`.
+- On X11, performance is improved when rapidly calling `Window::set_cursor_icon`.
+- On iOS, fix improper `msg_send` usage that was UB and/or would break if `!` is stabilized.
+- On Windows, unset `maximized` when manually changing the window's position or size.
+- On Windows, add touch pressure information for touch events.
+- On macOS, differentiate between `CursorIcon::Grab` and `CursorIcon::Grabbing`.
+- On Wayland, fix event processing sometimes stalling when using OpenGL with vsync.
+- Officially remove the Emscripten backend.
+- On Windows, fix handling of surrogate pairs when dispatching `ReceivedCharacter`.
+- On macOS 10.15, fix freeze upon exiting exclusive fullscreen mode.
+- On iOS, fix panic upon closing the app.
+- On X11, allow setting mulitple `XWindowType`s.
+- On iOS, fix null window on initial `HiDpiFactorChanged` event.
+- On Windows, fix fullscreen window shrinking upon getting restored to a normal window.
+- On macOS, fix events not being emitted during modal loops, such as when windows are being resized
+  by the user.
+- On Windows, fix hovering the mouse over the active window creating an endless stream of CursorMoved events.
+- Always dispatch a `RedrawRequested` event after creating a new window.
+- On X11, return dummy monitor data to avoid panicking when no monitors exist.
+- On X11, prevent stealing input focus when creating a new window.
+  Only steal input focus when entering fullscreen mode.
+- On Wayland, fixed DeviceEvents for relative mouse movement is not always produced
+- On Wayland, add support for set_cursor_visible and set_cursor_grab.
+- On Wayland, fixed DeviceEvents for relative mouse movement is not always produced.
+- Removed `derivative` crate dependency.
+- On Wayland, add support for set_cursor_icon.
+- Use `impl Iterator<Item = MonitorHandle>` instead of `AvailableMonitorsIter` consistently.
+- On macOS, fix fullscreen state being updated after entering fullscreen instead of before,
+  resulting in `Window::fullscreen` returning the old state in `Resized` events instead of
+  reflecting the new fullscreen state
+- On X11, fix use-after-free during window creation
+- On Windows, disable monitor change keyboard shortcut while in exclusive fullscreen.
+- On Windows, ensure that changing a borderless fullscreen window's monitor via keyboard shortcuts keeps the window fullscreen on the new monitor.
+- Prevent `EventLoop::new` and `EventLoop::with_user_event` from getting called outside the main thread.
+  - This is because some platforms cannot run the event loop outside the main thread. Preventing this
+    reduces the potential for cross-platform compatibility gotchyas.
+- On Windows and Linux X11/Wayland, add platform-specific functions for creating an `EventLoop` outside the main thread.
+- On Wayland, drop resize events identical to the current window size.
+- On Windows, fix window rectangle not getting set correctly on high-DPI systems.
+
+# 0.20.0 Alpha 3 (2019-08-14)
+
+- On macOS, drop the run closure on exit.
+- On Windows, location of `WindowEvent::Touch` are window client coordinates instead of screen coordinates.
+- On X11, fix delayed events after window redraw.
+- On macOS, add `WindowBuilderExt::with_disallow_hidpi` to have the option to turn off best resolution openGL surface.
+- On Windows, screen saver won't start if the window is in fullscreen mode.
+- Change all occurrences of the `new_user_event` method to `with_user_event`.
+- On macOS, the dock and the menu bar are now hidden in fullscreen mode.
+- `Window::set_fullscreen` now takes `Option<Fullscreen>` where `Fullscreen`
+  consists of `Fullscreen::Exclusive(VideoMode)` and
+  `Fullscreen::Borderless(MonitorHandle)` variants.
+    - Adds support for exclusive fullscreen mode.
+- On iOS, add support for hiding the home indicator.
+- On iOS, add support for deferring system gestures.
+- On iOS, fix a crash that occurred while acquiring a monitor's name.
+- On iOS, fix armv7-apple-ios compile target.
+- Removed the `T: Clone` requirement from the `Clone` impl of `EventLoopProxy<T>`.
+- On iOS, disable overscan compensation for external displays (removes black
+  bars surrounding the image).
+- On Linux, the functions `is_wayland`, `is_x11`, `xlib_xconnection` and `wayland_display` have been moved to a new `EventLoopWindowTargetExtUnix` trait.
+- On iOS, add `set_prefers_status_bar_hidden` extension function instead of
+  hijacking `set_decorations` for this purpose.
+- On macOS and iOS, corrected the auto trait impls of `EventLoopProxy`.
+- On iOS, add touch pressure information for touch events.
+- Implement `raw_window_handle::HasRawWindowHandle` for `Window` type on all supported platforms.
+- On macOS, fix the signature of `-[NSView drawRect:]`.
+- On iOS, fix the behavior of `ControlFlow::Poll`. It wasn't polling if that was the only mode ever used by the application.
+- On iOS, fix DPI sent out by views on creation was `0.0` - now it gives a reasonable number.
+- On iOS, RedrawRequested now works for gl/metal backed views.
+- On iOS, RedrawRequested is generally ordered after EventsCleared.
+
+# 0.20.0 Alpha 2 (2019-07-09)
+
+- On X11, non-resizable windows now have maximize explicitly disabled.
+- On Windows, support paths longer than MAX_PATH (260 characters) in `WindowEvent::DroppedFile`
+and `WindowEvent::HoveredFile`.
+- On Mac, implement `DeviceEvent::Button`.
+- Change `Event::Suspended(true / false)` to `Event::Suspended` and `Event::Resumed`.
+- On X11, fix sanity check which checks that a monitor's reported width and height (in millimeters) are non-zero when calculating the DPI factor.
+- Revert the use of invisible surfaces in Wayland, which introduced graphical glitches with OpenGL (#835)
+- On X11, implement `_NET_WM_PING` to allow desktop environment to kill unresponsive programs.
+- On Windows, when a window is initially invisible, it won't take focus from the existing visible windows.
+- On Windows, fix multiple calls to `request_redraw` during `EventsCleared` sending multiple `RedrawRequested events.`
+- On Windows, fix edge case where `RedrawRequested` could be dispatched before input events in event loop iteration.
+- On Windows, fix timing issue that could cause events to be improperly dispatched after `RedrawRequested` but before `EventsCleared`.
+- On macOS, drop unused Metal dependency.
+- On Windows, fix the trail effect happening on transparent decorated windows. Borderless (or un-decorated) windows were not affected.
+- On Windows, fix `with_maximized` not properly setting window size to entire window.
+- On macOS, change `WindowExtMacOS::request_user_attention()` to take an `enum` instead of a `bool`.
+
+# 0.20.0 Alpha 1 (2019-06-21)
+
+- Changes below are considered **breaking**.
+- Change all occurrences of `EventsLoop` to `EventLoop`.
+- Previously flat API is now exposed through `event`, `event_loop`, `monitor`, and `window` modules.
+- `os` module changes:
+  - Renamed to `platform`.
+  - All traits now have platform-specific suffixes.
+  - Exposes new `desktop` module on Windows, Mac, and Linux.
+- Changes to event loop types:
+  - `EventLoopProxy::wakeup` has been removed in favor of `send_event`.
+  - **Major:** New `run` method drives winit event loop.
+    - Returns `!` to ensure API behaves identically across all supported platforms.
+      - This allows `emscripten` implementation to work without lying about the API.
+    - `ControlFlow`'s variants have been replaced with `Wait`, `WaitUntil(Instant)`, `Poll`, and `Exit`.
+      - Is read after `EventsCleared` is processed.
+      - `Wait` waits until new events are available.
+      - `WaitUntil` waits until either new events are available or the provided time has been reached.
+      - `Poll` instantly resumes the event loop.
+      - `Exit` aborts the event loop.
+    - Takes a closure that implements `'static + FnMut(Event<T>, &EventLoop<T>, &mut ControlFlow)`.
+      - `&EventLoop<T>` is provided to allow new `Window`s to be created.
+  - **Major:** `platform::desktop` module exposes `EventLoopExtDesktop` trait with `run_return` method.
+    - Behaves identically to `run`, but returns control flow to the calling context and can take non-`'static` closures.
+  - `EventLoop`'s `poll_events` and `run_forever` methods have been removed in favor of `run` and `run_return`.
+- Changes to events:
+  - Remove `Event::Awakened` in favor of `Event::UserEvent(T)`.
+    - Can be sent with `EventLoopProxy::send_event`.
+  - Rename `WindowEvent::Refresh` to `WindowEvent::RedrawRequested`.
+    - `RedrawRequested` can be sent by the user with the `Window::request_redraw` method.
+  - `EventLoop`, `EventLoopProxy`, and `Event` are now generic over `T`, for use in `UserEvent`.
+  - **Major:** Add `NewEvents(StartCause)`, `EventsCleared`, and `LoopDestroyed` variants to `Event`.
+    - `NewEvents` is emitted when new events are ready to be processed by event loop.
+      - `StartCause` describes why new events are available, with `ResumeTimeReached`, `Poll`, `WaitCancelled`, and `Init` (sent once at start of loop).
+    - `EventsCleared` is emitted when all available events have been processed.
+      - Can be used to perform logic that depends on all events being processed (e.g. an iteration of a game loop).
+    - `LoopDestroyed` is emitted when the `run` or `run_return` method is about to exit.
+- Rename `MonitorId` to `MonitorHandle`.
+- Removed `serde` implementations from `ControlFlow`.
+- Rename several functions to improve both internal consistency and compliance with Rust API guidelines.
+- Remove `WindowBuilder::multitouch` field, since it was only implemented on a few platforms. Multitouch is always enabled now.
+- **Breaking:** On macOS, change `ns` identifiers to use snake_case for consistency with iOS's `ui` identifiers.
+- Add `MonitorHandle::video_modes` method for retrieving supported video modes for the given monitor.
+- On Wayland, the window now exists even if nothing has been drawn.
+- On Windows, fix initial dimensions of a fullscreen window.
+- On Windows, Fix transparent borderless windows rendering wrong.
+
+# Version 0.19.1 (2019-04-08)
+
+- On Wayland, added a `get_wayland_display` function to `EventsLoopExt`.
+- On Windows, fix `CursorMoved(0, 0)` getting dispatched on window focus.
+- On macOS, fix command key event left and right reverse.
+- On FreeBSD, NetBSD, and OpenBSD, fix build of X11 backend.
+- On Linux, the numpad's add, subtract and divide keys are now mapped to the `Add`, `Subtract` and `Divide` virtual key codes
+- On macOS, the numpad's subtract key has been added to the `Subtract` mapping
+- On Wayland, the numpad's home, end, page up and page down keys are now mapped to the `Home`, `End`, `PageUp` and `PageDown` virtual key codes
+- On Windows, fix icon not showing up in corner of window.
+- On X11, change DPI scaling factor behavior. First, winit tries to read it from "Xft.dpi" XResource, and uses DPI calculation from xrandr dimensions as fallback behavior.
+
+# Version 0.19.0 (2019-03-06)
+
+- On X11, we will use the faster `XRRGetScreenResourcesCurrent` function instead of `XRRGetScreenResources` when available.
+- On macOS, fix keycodes being incorrect when using a non-US keyboard layout.
+- On Wayland, fix `with_title()` not setting the windows title
+- On Wayland, add `set_wayland_theme()` to control client decoration color theme
+- Added serde serialization to `os::unix::XWindowType`.
+- **Breaking:** Remove the `icon_loading` feature and the associated `image` dependency.
+- On X11, make event loop thread safe by replacing XNextEvent with select(2) and XCheckIfEvent
+- On Windows, fix malformed function pointer typecast that could invoke undefined behavior.
+- Refactored Windows state/flag-setting code.
+- On Windows, hiding the cursor no longer hides the cursor for all Winit windows - just the one `hide_cursor` was called on.
+- On Windows, cursor grabs used to get perpetually canceled when the grabbing window lost focus. Now, cursor grabs automatically get re-initialized when the window regains focus and the mouse moves over the client area.
+- On Windows, only vertical mouse wheel events were handled. Now, horizontal mouse wheel events are also handled.
+- On Windows, ignore the AltGr key when populating the `ModifersState` type.
+
+# Version 0.18.1 (2018-12-30)
+
+- On macOS, fix `Yen` (JIS) so applications receive the event.
+- On X11 with a tiling WM, fixed high CPU usage when moving windows across monitors.
+- On X11, fixed panic caused by dropping the window before running the event loop.
+- on macOS, added `WindowExt::set_simple_fullscreen` which does not require a separate space
+- Introduce `WindowBuilderExt::with_app_id` to allow setting the application ID on Wayland.
+- On Windows, catch panics in event loop child thread and forward them to the parent thread. This prevents an invocation of undefined behavior due to unwinding into foreign code.
+- On Windows, fix issue where resizing or moving window combined with grabbing the cursor would freeze program.
+- On Windows, fix issue where resizing or moving window would eat `Awakened` events.
+- On Windows, exiting fullscreen after entering fullscreen with disabled decorations no longer shrinks window.
+- On X11, fixed a segfault when using virtual monitors with XRandR.
+- Derive `Ord` and `PartialOrd` for `VirtualKeyCode` enum.
+- On Windows, fix issue where hovering or dropping a non file item would create a panic.
+- On Wayland, fix resizing and DPI calculation when a `wl_output` is removed without sending a `leave` event to the `wl_surface`, such as disconnecting a monitor from a laptop.
+- On Wayland, DPI calculation is handled by smithay-client-toolkit.
+- On X11, `WindowBuilder::with_min_dimensions` and `WindowBuilder::with_max_dimensions` now correctly account for DPI.
+- Added support for generating dummy `DeviceId`s and `WindowId`s to better support unit testing.
+- On macOS, fixed unsoundness in drag-and-drop that could result in drops being rejected.
+- On macOS, implemented `WindowEvent::Refresh`.
+- On macOS, all `MouseCursor` variants are now implemented and the cursor will no longer reset after unfocusing.
+- Removed minimum supported Rust version guarantee.
+
+# Version 0.18.0 (2018-11-07)
+
+- **Breaking:** `image` crate upgraded to 0.20. This is exposed as part of the `icon_loading` API.
+- On Wayland, pointer events will now provide the current modifiers state.
+- On Wayland, titles will now be displayed in the window header decoration.
+- On Wayland, key repetition is now ended when keyboard loses focus.
+- On Wayland, windows will now use more stylish and modern client side decorations.
+- On Wayland, windows will use server-side decorations when available.
+- **Breaking:** Added support for F16-F24 keys (variants were added to the `VirtualKeyCode` enum).
+- Fixed graphical glitches when resizing on Wayland.
+- On Windows, fix freezes when performing certain actions after a window resize has been triggered. Reintroduces some visual artifacts when resizing.
+- Updated window manager hints under X11 to v1.5 of [Extended Window Manager Hints](https://specifications.freedesktop.org/wm-spec/wm-spec-1.5.html#idm140200472629520).
+- Added `WindowBuilderExt::with_gtk_theme_variant` to X11-specific `WindowBuilder` functions.
+- Fixed UTF8 handling bug in X11 `set_title` function.
+- On Windows, `Window::set_cursor` now applies immediately instead of requiring specific events to occur first.
+- On Windows, the `HoveredFile` and `HoveredFileCancelled` events are now implemented.
+- On Windows, fix `Window::set_maximized`.
+- On Windows 10, fix transparency (#260).
+- On macOS, fix modifiers during key repeat.
+- Implemented the `Debug` trait for `Window`, `EventsLoop`, `EventsLoopProxy` and `WindowBuilder`.
+- On X11, now a `Resized` event will always be generated after a DPI change to ensure the window's logical size is consistent with the new DPI.
+- Added further clarifications to the DPI docs.
+- On Linux, if neither X11 nor Wayland manage to initialize, the corresponding panic now consists of a single line only.
+- Add optional `serde` feature with implementations of `Serialize`/`Deserialize` for DPI types and various event types.
+- Add `PartialEq`, `Eq`, and `Hash` implementations on public types that could have them but were missing them.
+- On X11, drag-and-drop receiving an unsupported drop type can no longer cause the WM to freeze.
+- Fix issue whereby the OpenGL context would not appear at startup on macOS Mojave (#1069).
+- **Breaking:** Removed `From<NSApplicationActivationPolicy>` impl from `ActivationPolicy` on macOS.
+- On macOS, the application can request the user's attention with `WindowExt::request_user_attention`.
+
+# Version 0.17.2 (2018-08-19)
+
+- On macOS, fix `<C-Tab>` so applications receive the event.
+- On macOS, fix `<Cmd-{key}>` so applications receive the event.
+- On Wayland, key press events will now be repeated.
+
+# Version 0.17.1 (2018-08-05)
+
+- On X11, prevent a compilation failure in release mode for versions of Rust greater than or equal to 1.30.
+- Fixed deadlock that broke fullscreen mode on Windows.
+
+# Version 0.17.0 (2018-08-02)
+
+- Cocoa and core-graphics updates.
+- Fixed thread-safety issues in several `Window` functions on Windows.
+- On MacOS, the key state for modifiers key events is now properly set.
+- On iOS, the view is now set correctly. This makes it possible to render things (instead of being stuck on a black screen), and touch events work again.
+- Added NetBSD support.
+- **Breaking:** On iOS, `UIView` is now the default root view. `WindowBuilderExt::with_root_view_class` can be used to set the root view objective-c class to `GLKView` (OpenGLES) or `MTKView` (Metal/MoltenVK).
+- On iOS, the `UIApplication` is not started until `Window::new` is called.
+- Fixed thread unsafety with cursor hiding on macOS.
+- On iOS, fixed the size of the `JmpBuf` type used for `setjmp`/`longjmp` calls. Previously this was a buffer overflow on most architectures.
+- On Windows, use cached window DPI instead of repeatedly querying the system. This fixes sporadic crashes on Windows 7.
+
+# Version 0.16.2 (2018-07-07)
+
+- On Windows, non-resizable windows now have the maximization button disabled. This is consistent with behavior on macOS and popular X11 WMs.
+- Corrected incorrect `unreachable!` usage when guessing the DPI factor with no detected monitors.
+
+# Version 0.16.1 (2018-07-02)
+
+- Added logging through `log`. Logging will become more extensive over time.
+- On X11 and Windows, the window's DPI factor is guessed before creating the window. This *greatly* cuts back on unsightly auto-resizing that would occur immediately after window creation.
+- Fixed X11 backend compilation for environments where `c_char` is unsigned.
+
+# Version 0.16.0 (2018-06-25)
+
+- Windows additionally has `WindowBuilderExt::with_no_redirection_bitmap`.
+- **Breaking:** Removed `VirtualKeyCode::LMenu` and `VirtualKeyCode::RMenu`; Windows now generates `VirtualKeyCode::LAlt` and `VirtualKeyCode::RAlt` instead.
+- On X11, exiting fullscreen no longer leaves the window in the monitor's top left corner.
+- **Breaking:** `Window::hidpi_factor` has been renamed to `Window::get_hidpi_factor` for better consistency. `WindowEvent::HiDPIFactorChanged` has been renamed to `WindowEvent::HiDpiFactorChanged`. DPI factors are always represented as `f64` instead of `f32` now.
+- The Windows backend is now DPI aware. `WindowEvent::HiDpiFactorChanged` is implemented, and `MonitorId::get_hidpi_factor` and `Window::hidpi_factor` return accurate values.
+- Implemented `WindowEvent::HiDpiFactorChanged` on X11.
+- On macOS, `Window::set_cursor_position` is now relative to the client area.
+- On macOS, setting the maximum and minimum dimensions now applies to the client area dimensions rather than to the window dimensions.
+- On iOS, `MonitorId::get_dimensions` has been implemented and both `MonitorId::get_hidpi_factor` and `Window::get_hidpi_factor` return accurate values.
+- On Emscripten, `MonitorId::get_hidpi_factor` now returns the same value as `Window::get_hidpi_factor` (it previously would always return 1.0).
+- **Breaking:** The entire API for sizes, positions, etc. has changed. In the majority of cases, winit produces and consumes positions and sizes as `LogicalPosition` and `LogicalSize`, respectively. The notable exception is `MonitorId` methods, which deal in `PhysicalPosition` and `PhysicalSize`. See the documentation for specifics and explanations of the types. Additionally, winit automatically conserves logical size when the DPI factor changes.
+- **Breaking:** All deprecated methods have been removed. For `Window::platform_display` and `Window::platform_window`, switch to the appropriate platform-specific `WindowExt` methods. For `Window::get_inner_size_points` and `Window::get_inner_size_pixels`, use the `LogicalSize` returned by `Window::get_inner_size` and convert as needed.
+- HiDPI support for Wayland.
+- `EventsLoop::get_available_monitors` and `EventsLoop::get_primary_monitor` now have identical counterparts on `Window`, so this information can be acquired without an `EventsLoop` borrow.
+- `AvailableMonitorsIter` now implements `Debug`.
+- Fixed quirk on macOS where certain keys would generate characters at twice the normal rate when held down.
+- On X11, all event loops now share the same `XConnection`.
+- **Breaking:** `Window::set_cursor_state` and `CursorState` enum removed in favor of the more composable `Window::grab_cursor` and `Window::hide_cursor`. As a result, grabbing the cursor no longer automatically hides it; you must call both methods to retain the old behavior on Windows and macOS. `Cursor::NoneCursor` has been removed, as it's no longer useful.
+- **Breaking:** `Window::set_cursor_position` now returns `Result<(), String>`, thus allowing for `Box<Error>` conversion via `?`.
+
+# Version 0.15.1 (2018-06-13)
+
+- On X11, the `Moved` event is no longer sent when the window is resized without changing position.
+- `MouseCursor` and `CursorState` now implement `Default`.
+- `WindowBuilder::with_resizable` implemented for Windows, X11, Wayland, and macOS.
+- `Window::set_resizable` implemented for Windows, X11, Wayland, and macOS.
+- On X11, if the monitor's width or height in millimeters is reported as 0, the DPI is now 1.0 instead of +inf.
+- On X11, the environment variable `WINIT_HIDPI_FACTOR` has been added for overriding DPI factor.
+- On X11, enabling transparency no longer causes the window contents to flicker when resizing.
+- On X11, `with_override_redirect` now actually enables override redirect.
+- macOS now generates `VirtualKeyCode::LAlt` and `VirtualKeyCode::RAlt` instead of `None` for both.
+- On macOS, `VirtualKeyCode::RWin` and `VirtualKeyCode::LWin` are no longer switched.
+- On macOS, windows without decorations can once again be resized.
+- Fixed race conditions when creating an `EventsLoop` on X11, most commonly manifesting as "[xcb] Unknown sequence number while processing queue".
+- On macOS, `CursorMoved` and `MouseInput` events are only generated if they occurs within the window's client area.
+- On macOS, resizing the window no longer generates a spurious `MouseInput` event.
+
+# Version 0.15.0 (2018-05-22)
+
+- `Icon::to_cardinals` is no longer public, since it was never supposed to be.
+- Wayland: improve diagnostics if initialization fails
+- Fix some system event key doesn't work when focused, do not block keyevent forward to system on macOS
+- On X11, the scroll wheel position is now correctly reset on i3 and other WMs that have the same quirk.
+- On X11, `Window::get_current_monitor` now reliably returns the correct monitor.
+- On X11, `Window::hidpi_factor` returns values from XRandR rather than the inaccurate values previously queried from the core protocol.
+- On X11, the primary monitor is detected correctly even when using versions of XRandR less than 1.5.
+- `MonitorId` now implements `Debug`.
+- Fixed bug on macOS where using `with_decorations(false)` would cause `set_decorations(true)` to produce a transparent titlebar with no title.
+- Implemented `MonitorId::get_position` on macOS.
+- On macOS, `Window::get_current_monitor` now returns accurate values.
+- Added `WindowBuilderExt::with_resize_increments` to macOS.
+- **Breaking:** On X11, `WindowBuilderExt::with_resize_increments` and `WindowBuilderExt::with_base_size` now take `u32` values rather than `i32`.
+- macOS keyboard handling has been overhauled, allowing for the use of dead keys, IME, etc. Right modifier keys are also no longer reported as being left.
+- Added the `Window::set_ime_spot(x: i32, y: i32)` method, which is implemented on X11 and macOS.
+- **Breaking**: `os::unix::WindowExt::send_xim_spot(x: i16, y: i16)` no longer exists. Switch to the new `Window::set_ime_spot(x: i32, y: i32)`, which has equivalent functionality.
+- Fixed detection of `Pause` and `Scroll` keys on Windows.
+- On Windows, alt-tabbing while the cursor is grabbed no longer makes it impossible to re-grab the cursor.
+- On Windows, using `CursorState::Hide` when the cursor is grabbed now ungrabs the cursor first.
+- Implemented `MouseCursor::NoneCursor` on Windows.
+- Added `WindowBuilder::with_always_on_top` and `Window::set_always_on_top`. Implemented on Windows, macOS, and X11.
+- On X11, `WindowBuilderExt` now has `with_class`, `with_override_redirect`, and `with_x11_window_type` to allow for more control over window creation. `WindowExt` additionally has `set_urgent`.
+- More hints are set by default on X11, including `_NET_WM_PID` and `WM_CLIENT_MACHINE`. Note that prior to this, the `WM_CLASS` hint was automatically set to whatever value was passed to `with_title`. It's now set to the executable name to better conform to expectations and the specification; if this is undesirable, you must explicitly use `WindowBuilderExt::with_class`.
+
+# Version 0.14.0 (2018-05-09)
+
+- Created the `Copy`, `Paste` and `Cut` `VirtualKeyCode`s and added support for them on X11 and Wayland
+- Fix `.with_decorations(false)` in macOS
+- On Mac, `NSWindow` and supporting objects might be alive long after they were `closed` which resulted in apps consuming more heap then needed. Mainly it was affecting multi window applications. Not expecting any user visible change of behaviour after the fix.
+- Fix regression of Window platform extensions for macOS where `NSFullSizeContentViewWindowMask` was not being correctly applied to `.fullsize_content_view`.
+- Corrected `get_position` on Windows to be relative to the screen rather than to the taskbar.
+- Corrected `Moved` event on Windows to use position values equivalent to those returned by `get_position`. It previously supplied client area positions instead of window positions, and would additionally interpret negative values as being very large (around `u16::MAX`).
+- Implemented `Moved` event on macOS.
+- On X11, the `Moved` event correctly use window positions rather than client area positions. Additionally, a stray `Moved` that unconditionally accompanied `Resized` with the client area position relative to the parent has been eliminated; `Moved` is still received alongside `Resized`, but now only once and always correctly.
+- On Windows, implemented all variants of `DeviceEvent` other than `Text`. Mouse `DeviceEvent`s are now received even if the window isn't in the foreground.
+- `DeviceId` on Windows is no longer a unit struct, and now contains a `u32`. For `WindowEvent`s, this will always be 0, but on `DeviceEvent`s it will be the handle to that device. `DeviceIdExt::get_persistent_identifier` can be used to acquire a unique identifier for that device that persists across replugs/reboots/etc.
+- Corrected `run_forever` on X11 to stop discarding `Awakened` events.
+- Various safety and correctness improvements to the X11 backend internals.
+- Fixed memory leak on X11 every time the mouse entered the window.
+- On X11, drag and drop now works reliably in release mode.
+- Added `WindowBuilderExt::with_resize_increments` and `WindowBuilderExt::with_base_size` to X11, allowing for more optional hints to be set.
+- Rework of the wayland backend, migrating it to use [Smithay's Client Toolkit](https://github.com/Smithay/client-toolkit).
+- Added `WindowBuilder::with_window_icon` and `Window::set_window_icon`, finally making it possible to set the window icon on Windows and X11. The `icon_loading` feature can be enabled to allow for icons to be easily loaded; see example program `window_icon.rs` for usage.
+- Windows additionally has `WindowBuilderExt::with_taskbar_icon` and `WindowExt::set_taskbar_icon`.
+- On Windows, fix panic when trying to call `set_fullscreen(None)` on a window that has not been fullscreened prior.
+
+# Version 0.13.1 (2018-04-26)
+
+- Ensure necessary `x11-dl` version is used.
+
+# Version 0.13.0 (2018-04-25)
+
+- Implement `WindowBuilder::with_maximized`, `Window::set_fullscreen`, `Window::set_maximized` and `Window::set_decorations` for MacOS.
+- Implement `WindowBuilder::with_maximized`, `Window::set_fullscreen`, `Window::set_maximized` and `Window::set_decorations` for Windows.
+- On Windows, `WindowBuilder::with_fullscreen` no longer changing monitor display resolution.
+- Overhauled X11 window geometry calculations. `get_position` and `set_position` are more universally accurate across different window managers, and `get_outer_size` actually works now.
+- Fixed SIGSEGV/SIGILL crashes on macOS caused by stabilization of the `!` (never) type.
+- Implement `WindowEvent::HiDPIFactorChanged` for macOS
+- On X11, input methods now work completely out of the box, no longer requiring application developers to manually call `setlocale`. Additionally, when input methods are started, stopped, or restarted on the server end, it's correctly handled.
+- Implemented `Refresh` event on Windows.
+- Properly calculate the minimum and maximum window size on Windows, including window decorations.
+- Map more `MouseCursor` variants to cursor icons on Windows.
+- Corrected `get_position` on macOS to return outer frame position, not content area position.
+- Corrected `set_position` on macOS to set outer frame position, not content area position.
+- Added `get_inner_position` method to `Window`, which gets the position of the window's client area. This is implemented on all applicable platforms (all desktop platforms other than Wayland, where this isn't possible).
+- **Breaking:** the `Closed` event has been replaced by `CloseRequested` and `Destroyed`. To migrate, you typically just need to replace all usages of `Closed` with `CloseRequested`; see example programs for more info. The exception is iOS, where `Closed` must be replaced by `Destroyed`.
+
+# Version 0.12.0 (2018-04-06)
+
+- Added subclass to macos windows so they can be made resizable even with no decorations.
+- Dead keys now work properly on X11, no longer resulting in a panic.
+- On X11, input method creation first tries to use the value from the user's `XMODIFIERS` environment variable, so application developers should no longer need to manually call `XSetLocaleModifiers`. If that fails, fallbacks are tried, which should prevent input method initialization from ever outright failing.
+- Fixed thread safety issues with input methods on X11.
+- Add support for `Touch` for win32 backend.
+- Fixed `Window::get_inner_size` and friends to return the size in pixels instead of points when using HIDPI displays on OSX.
+
+# Version 0.11.3 (2018-03-28)
+
+- Added `set_min_dimensions` and `set_max_dimensions` methods to `Window`, and implemented on Windows, X11, Wayland, and OSX.
+- On X11, dropping a `Window` actually closes it now, and clicking the window's × button (or otherwise having the WM signal to close it) will result in the window closing.
+- Added `WindowBuilderExt` methods for macos: `with_titlebar_transparent`,
+  `with_title_hidden`, `with_titlebar_buttons_hidden`,
+  `with_fullsize_content_view`.
+- Mapped X11 numpad keycodes (arrows, Home, End, PageUp, PageDown, Insert and Delete) to corresponding virtual keycodes
+
+# Version 0.11.2 (2018-03-06)
+
+- Impl `Hash`, `PartialEq`, and `Eq` for `events::ModifiersState`.
+- Implement `MonitorId::get_hidpi_factor` for MacOS.
+- Added method `os::macos::MonitorIdExt::get_nsscreen() -> *mut c_void` that gets a `NSScreen` object matching the monitor ID.
+- Send `Awakened` event on Android when event loop is woken up.
+
+# Version 0.11.1 (2018-02-19)
+
+- Fixed windows not receiving mouse events when click-dragging the mouse outside the client area of a window, on Windows platforms.
+- Added method `os::android::EventsLoopExt:set_suspend_callback(Option<Box<Fn(bool) -> ()>>)` that allows glutin to register a callback when a suspend event happens
+
+# Version 0.11.0 (2018-02-09)
+
+- Implement `MonitorId::get_dimensions` for Android.
+- Added method `os::macos::WindowBuilderExt::with_movable_by_window_background(bool)` that allows to move a window without a titlebar - `with_decorations(false)`
+- Implement `Window::set_fullscreen`, `Window::set_maximized` and `Window::set_decorations` for Wayland.
+- Added `Caret` as VirtualKeyCode and support OSX ^-Key with german input.
+
+# Version 0.10.1 (2018-02-05)
+
+*Yanked*
+
+# Version 0.10.0 (2017-12-27)
+
+- Add support for `Touch` for emscripten backend.
+- Added support for `DroppedFile`, `HoveredFile`, and `HoveredFileCancelled` to X11 backend.
+- **Breaking:** `unix::WindowExt` no longer returns pointers for things that aren't actually pointers; `get_xlib_window` now returns `Option<std::os::raw::c_ulong>` and `get_xlib_screen_id` returns `Option<std::os::raw::c_int>`. Additionally, methods that previously returned `libc::c_void` have been changed to return `std::os::raw::c_void`, which are not interchangeable types, so users wanting the former will need to explicitly cast.
+- Added `set_decorations` method to `Window` to allow decorations to be toggled after the window is built. Presently only implemented on X11.
+- Raised the minimum supported version of Rust to 1.20 on MacOS due to usage of associated constants in new versions of cocoa and core-graphics.
+- Added `modifiers` field to `MouseInput`, `MouseWheel`, and `CursorMoved` events to track the modifiers state (`ModifiersState`).
+- Fixed the emscripten backend to return the size of the canvas instead of the size of the window.
+
+# Version 0.9.0 (2017-12-01)
+
+- Added event `WindowEvent::HiDPIFactorChanged`.
+- Added method `MonitorId::get_hidpi_factor`.
+- Deprecated `get_inner_size_pixels` and `get_inner_size_points` methods of `Window` in favor of
+`get_inner_size`.
+- **Breaking:** `EventsLoop` is `!Send` and `!Sync` because of platform-dependant constraints,
+  but `Window`, `WindowId`, `DeviceId` and `MonitorId` guaranteed to be `Send`.
+- `MonitorId::get_position` now returns `(i32, i32)` instead of `(u32, u32)`.
+- Rewrite of the wayland backend to use wayland-client-0.11
+- Support for dead keys on wayland for keyboard utf8 input
+- Monitor enumeration on Windows is now implemented using `EnumDisplayMonitors` instead of
+`EnumDisplayDevices`. This changes the value returned by `MonitorId::get_name()`.
+- On Windows added `MonitorIdExt::hmonitor` method
+- Impl `Clone` for `EventsLoopProxy`
+- `EventsLoop::get_primary_monitor()` on X11 will fallback to any available monitor if no primary is found
+- Support for touch event on wayland
+- `WindowEvent`s `MouseMoved`, `MouseEntered`, and `MouseLeft` have been renamed to
+`CursorMoved`, `CursorEntered`, and `CursorLeft`.
+- New `DeviceEvent`s added, `MouseMotion` and `MouseWheel`.
+- Send `CursorMoved` event after `CursorEntered` and `Focused` events.
+- Add support for `ModifiersState`, `MouseMove`, `MouseInput`, `MouseMotion` for emscripten backend.
+
+# Version 0.8.3 (2017-10-11)
+
+- Fixed issue of calls to `set_inner_size` blocking on Windows.
+- Mapped `ISO_Left_Tab` to `VirtualKeyCode::Tab` to make the key work with modifiers
+- Fixed the X11 backed on 32bit targets
+
+# Version 0.8.2 (2017-09-28)
+
+- Uniformize keyboard scancode values accross Wayland and X11 (#297).
+- Internal rework of the wayland event loop
+- Added method `os::linux::WindowExt::is_ready`
+
+# Version 0.8.1 (2017-09-22)
+
+- Added various methods to `os::linux::EventsLoopExt`, plus some hidden items necessary to make
+  glutin work.
+
+# Version 0.8.0 (2017-09-21)
+
+- Added `Window::set_maximized`, `WindowAttributes::maximized` and `WindowBuilder::with_maximized`.
+- Added `Window::set_fullscreen`.
+- Changed `with_fullscreen` to take a `Option<MonitorId>` instead of a `MonitorId`.
+- Removed `MonitorId::get_native_identifer()` in favor of platform-specific traits in the `os`
+  module.
+- Changed `get_available_monitors()` and `get_primary_monitor()` to be methods of `EventsLoop`
+  instead of stand-alone methods.
+- Changed `EventsLoop` to be tied to a specific X11 or Wayland connection.
+- Added a `os::linux::EventsLoopExt` trait that makes it possible to configure the connection.
+- Fixed the emscripten code, which now compiles.
+- Changed the X11 fullscreen code to use `xrandr` instead of `xxf86vm`.
+- Fixed the Wayland backend to produce `Refresh` event after window creation.
+- Changed the `Suspended` event to be outside of `WindowEvent`.
+- Fixed the X11 backend sometimes reporting the wrong virtual key (#273).

CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md

@@ -1,6 +0,0 @@
-# Code of Conduct
-
-The `rust-windowing` project adheres to the [Rust Code of Conduct]. This
-describes the minimum behavior expected from all contributors.
-
-[Rust Code of Conduct]: https://www.rust-lang.org/policies/code-of-conduct

CONTRIBUTING.md

@@ -1,162 +1,42 @@
-# Contribution Guidelines
+# Winit Contributing Guidelines
 
-This document contains guidelines for contributing code to winit. It has to be
-followed in order for your patch to be approved and applied.
+## Scope
+[See `FEATURES.md`](./FEATURES.md). When requesting or implementing a new Winit feature, you should
+consider whether or not it's directly related to window creation or input handling. If it isn't, it
+may be worth creating a separate crate that extends Winit's API to add that functionality.
 
-## Contributing
 
-Anyone can contribute to winit, however given that it's a cross platform
-windowing toolkit getting certain changes incorporated could be challenging.
+## Reporting an issue
 
-To save your time it's wise to check already opened [pull requests][prs] and
-[issues][issues]. In general, bug fixes and missing implementations are always
-accepted, however larger new API proposals should go into the issue first. When
-in doubt contact us on [Matrix][matrix] or via opening an issue.
+When reporting an issue, in order to help the maintainers understand what the problem is, please make
+your description of the issue as detailed as possible:
 
-### Windows
+- if it is a bug, please provide clear explanation of what happens, what should happen, and how to
+  reproduce the issue, ideally by providing a minimal program exhibiting the problem
+- if it is a feature request, please provide a clear argumentation about why you believe this feature
+  should be supported by winit
 
-To run the examples on Windows, you must have symlinks enabled, see
-[this][git-windows-symlinks].
+## Making a pull request
 
-[git-windows-symlinks]: https://gitforwindows.org/symbolic-links.html
+When making a code contribution to winit, before opening your pull request, please make sure that:
 
-### Submitting your work and handling review
+- you tested your modifications on all the platforms impacted, or if not possible detail which platforms
+  were not tested, and what should be tested, so that a maintainer or another contributor can test them
+- you updated any relevant documentation in winit
+- you left comments in your code explaining any part that is not straightforward, so that the
+  maintainers and future contributors don't have to try to guess what your code is supposed to do
+- your PR adds an entry to the changelog file if the introduced change is relevant to winit users
+- if your PR affects the platform compatibility of one or more features or adds another feature, the
+  relevant sections in [`FEATURES.md`](https://github.com/rust-windowing/winit/blob/master/FEATURES.md#features)
+  should be updated.
 
-All patches have to be sent on Github as [pull requests][prs]. To simplify your
-life during review it's recommended to check the "give contributors write access
-to the branch" checkbox.
+Once your PR is open, you can ask for review by a maintainer of your platform. Winit's merging policy
+is that a PR must be approved by at least two maintainers of winit before being merged, including
+at least a maintainer of the platform (a maintainer making a PR themselves counts as approving it).
 
-We use unstable Rustfmt options across the project, so please run
-`cargo +nightly fmt` before submitting your work. If you are unable to do so,
-the maintainers can do it for you before merging, just state so in your pull
-request description. For details on how to use nightly, consult [the
-documentation][toolchains].
+## Maintainers & Testers
 
-When editing markdown files (`.md`) they must be wrapped at 80 characters.
+The current [list of testers and contributors](https://github.com/rust-windowing/winit/wiki/Testers-and-Contributors)
+can be found on the Wiki.
 
-[toolchains]: https://rust-lang.github.io/rustup/concepts/toolchains.html
-
-#### Handling review
-
-During the review process certain events could require an action from your side,
-common patterns and reactions are described below.
-
-_Event:_ The CI fails to build, but it looks like it is not your fault. Not
-communicating so could result in maintainers not looking into your patch,
-since they may assume that you're still working on it.\
-_Desired behaviour:_ Write a message saying roughly the following "The CI
-failure is unrelated", so that the maintainers will fix it for you.
-
-_Event:_ Maintainer requested changes to your PR.\
-_Desired behavior:_ Once you address the request, you should re-request a review
-with GitHub's UI. If you don't agree with what maintainer suggested, you
-should state your objections and re-request the review. That will indicate that
-the ball is on maintainer's side.
-
-_Event:_ You've opened a PR, but maintainer shortly after commented that they
-want to work on that themselves.\
-_Desired behavior:_ Discuss with the maintainer regarding their plans if they
-were not outlined in the initial response, because such response means that they
-are not interested in reviewing your code. Such thing could happen when
-underestimating complexity of the task you're solving or when your patch
-mandate certain downstream designs. In general, the maintainer will likely
-close your PR in order to prevent work being done on it.
-
-[prs]: https://github.com/rust-windowing/winit/pulls
-[issues]: https://github.com/rust-windowing/winit/issues
-[matrix]: https://matrix.to/#/#rust-windowing:matrix.org
-
-## Maintainers
-
-Winit has plenty of maintainers with different backgrounds, different time
-available to work on Winit, and reasons to be winit maintainer in the first
-place. To ensure that Winit's code quality does not decrease over time and to
-make it easier to teach new maintainers the "winit way of doing things" the
-common policies and routines are defined in this section.
-
-The current maintainers for each platform are listed in [this file][CODEOWNERS].
-
-### Contributions handling
-
-The maintainers must ensure that the external contributions meet Winit's
-quality standards. If it's not, it **is the maintainer's responsibility** to
-bring it on par, which includes:
-
-  - Ensure that formatting is consistent and `CHANGELOG` messages are clear
-    for the end users.
-  - Improve the commit message, so it'll be easier for other maintainers to
-    understand the motivation without going through all the discussions on the
-    particular patch/PR.
-  - Ensure that the proposed patch doesn't break platform parity. If the
-    breakage is desired by contributor, an issue should be opened to discuss
-    with other maintainers before merging.
-  - Always fix CI issues before merging if they don't originate from the
-    submitted work.
-
-However, maintainers should give some leeway for external contributors, so they
-don't feel discouraged contributing, for example:
-
-  - Suggest a patch to resolve style issues, if it's the only issue with the
-    submitted work. Keep in mind that pushing the resolution yourself is not
-    desired, because the contributor might not agree with what you did.
-  - Be more explicit on how things should be done if you don't like the
-    approach.
-  - Suggest to finish the PR for them if they're absent for a while and you need
-    the proposed changes to move forward with something. In such cases the
-    maintainer must preserve attribution with `Co-authored-by`, `Suggested-by`,
-    or keep the original committer.
-  - Rebase their work for them when massive changes to the Winit codebase were
-    introduced.
-
-When reviewing code of other maintainers all of the above is on the maintainer
-who submitted the patch. Interested maintainers could help push the work over
-the finish line, but teaching other maintainers should be preferred.
-
-For a _regular_ contributor to winit, the maintainer should slowly start
-requiring contributor to match *maintainer* quality standards when writing
-patches and commit messages.
-
-### Contributing
-
-When submitting a patch, the maintainer should follow the general contributing
-guidelines, however greater attention to detail is expected in this case.
-
-To make life simpler for other maintainers it's suggested to create your branch
-under the project repository instead of your own fork. The naming scheme is
-`github_user_name/branch_name`. Doing so will make your work easier to rebase
-for other maintainers when you're absent.
-
-### Administrative Actions
-
-Some things (such as changing required CI steps, adding contributors, ...)
-require administrative permissions. If you don't have those, ask about the
-change in an issue. If you have the permissions, discuss it with at least one
-other admin before making the change.
-
-### Release process
-
-Given that winit is a widely used library, we should be able to make a patch
-releases at any time we want without blocking the development of new features.
-
-To achieve these goals, a new branch is created for every new release. Releases
-and later patch releases are committed and tagged in this branch.
-
-The exact steps for an exemplary `0.2.0` release might look like this:
-  1. Initially, the version on the latest master is `0.1.0`
-  2. A new `v0.2.x` branch is created for the release
-  3. Update released `cfg_attr` in `src/changelog/mod.rs` to `v0.2.md`
-  4. Move entries from `src/changelog/unreleased.md` into
-     `src/changelog/v0.2.md`
-  5. In the branch, the version is bumped to `v0.2.0`
-  6. The new commit in the branch is tagged `v0.2.0`
-  7. The version is pushed to crates.io
-  8. A GitHub release is created for the `v0.2.0` tag
-  9. On master, the version is bumped to `0.2.0`, and the changelog is updated
-
-When doing a patch release, the process is similar:
-  1. Initially, the version of the latest release is `0.2.0`
-  2. Checkout the `v0.2.x` branch
-  3. Cherry-pick the required non-breaking changes into the `v0.2.x`
-  4. Follow steps 4-9 of the regular release example
-
-[CODEOWNERS]: .github/CODEOWNERS
+If you are interested in contributing or testing on a platform, please add yourself to that table!

Cargo.toml

@@ -1,104 +1,135 @@
-[workspace]
-default-members = ["winit"]
-members = ["dpi", "winit*"]
-resolver = "2"
-
-[workspace.package]
-edition = "2021"
+[package]
+name = "winit"
+version = "0.25.0"
+authors = ["The winit contributors", "Pierre Krieger <pierre.krieger1708@gmail.com>"]
+description = "Cross-platform window creation library."
+edition = "2018"
+keywords = ["windowing"]
 license = "Apache-2.0"
+readme = "README.md"
 repository = "https://github.com/rust-windowing/winit"
-rust-version = "1.80"
-version = "0.30.12"
+documentation = "https://docs.rs/winit"
+categories = ["gui"]
 
-[workspace.dependencies]
-# Workspace dependencies.
-# `winit` has no version here to allow using it in dev deps for docs.
-winit = { path = "winit" }
-winit-android = { version = "0.30.12", path = "winit-android" }
-winit-appkit = { version = "0.30.12", path = "winit-appkit" }
-winit-common = { version = "0.30.12", path = "winit-common" }
-winit-core = { version = "0.30.12", path = "winit-core" }
-winit-orbital = { version = "0.30.12", path = "winit-orbital" }
-winit-uikit = { version = "0.30.12", path = "winit-uikit" }
-winit-wayland = { version = "0.30.12", path = "winit-wayland", default-features = false }
-winit-web = { version = "0.30.12", path = "winit-web" }
-winit-win32 = { version = "0.30.12", path = "winit-win32" }
-winit-x11 = { version = "0.30.12", path = "winit-x11" }
+[package.metadata.docs.rs]
+features = ["serde", "web-sys"]
+default-target = "x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu"
+targets = ["i686-pc-windows-msvc", "x86_64-pc-windows-msvc", "i686-unknown-linux-gnu", "x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu", "x86_64-apple-darwin", "wasm32-unknown-unknown"]
 
-# Core dependencies.
-bitflags = "2"
-cfg_aliases = "0.2.1"
-cursor-icon = "1.1.0"
-dpi = { version = "0.1.2", path = "dpi" }
-keyboard-types = "0.8.0"
-mint = "0.5.6"
-rwh_06 = { package = "raw-window-handle", version = "0.6", features = ["std"] }
-serde = { version = "1", features = ["serde_derive"] }
-smol_str = "0.3"
-tracing = { version = "0.1.40", default-features = false }
+[features]
+default = ["x11", "wayland"]
+web-sys = ["web_sys", "wasm-bindgen", "instant/wasm-bindgen"]
+stdweb = ["std_web", "instant/stdweb"]
+x11 = ["x11-dl", "mio", "mio-misc", "percent-encoding", "parking_lot"]
+wayland = ["wayland-client", "sctk"]
 
-# Dev dependencies.
-image = { version = "0.25.0", default-features = false }
-softbuffer = { version = "0.4.6", default-features = false, features = [
-    "x11",
-    "x11-dlopen",
-    "wayland",
-    "wayland-dlopen",
-] }
-tracing-subscriber = "0.3.18"
-
-# Android dependencies.
-android-activity = "0.6.0"
-ndk = { version = "0.9.0", features = ["rwh_06"], default-features = false }
-
-# Apple dependencies.
-block2 = "0.6.1"
-dispatch2 = { version = "0.3.0", default-features = false, features = ["std", "objc2"] }
-objc2 = { version = "0.6.1", features = ["relax-sign-encoding"] }
-objc2-app-kit = { version = "0.3.1", default-features = false }
-objc2-core-foundation = { version = "0.3.1", default-features = false }
-objc2-core-graphics = { version = "0.3.1", default-features = false }
-objc2-core-video = { version = "0.3.1", default-features = false }
-objc2-foundation = { version = "0.3.1", default-features = false }
-objc2-ui-kit = { version = "0.3.1", default-features = false }
-
-# Windows dependencies.
-unicode-segmentation = "1.7.1"
-windows-sys = "0.59.0"
-
-# Linux dependencies.
-ahash = { version = "0.8.7", features = ["no-rng"] }
-bytemuck = { version = "1.13.1", default-features = false }
-calloop = "0.13.0"
+[dependencies]
+instant = "0.1"
+lazy_static = "1"
 libc = "0.2.64"
-memmap2 = "0.9.0"
-percent-encoding = "2.0"
-rustix = { version = "1.0.7", default-features = false }
-sctk = { package = "smithay-client-toolkit", version = "0.19.2", default-features = false, features = [
-    "calloop",
-] }
-sctk-adwaita = { version = "0.10.1", default-features = false }
-wayland-backend = { version = "0.3.10", default-features = false, features = ["client_system"] }
-wayland-client = "0.31.10"
-wayland-protocols = { version = "0.32.8", features = ["staging"] }
-wayland-protocols-plasma = { version = "0.3.8", features = ["client"] }
-x11-dl = "2.19.1"
-x11rb = { version = "0.13.0", default-features = false }
-xkbcommon-dl = "0.4.2"
+log = "0.4"
+serde = { version = "1", optional = true, features = ["serde_derive"] }
+raw-window-handle = "0.3"
+bitflags = "1"
+mint = { version = "0.5.6", optional = true }
 
-# Orbital dependencies.
-orbclient = { version = "0.3.47", default-features = false }
-redox_syscall = "0.5.7"
+[dev-dependencies]
+image = "0.23.12"
+simple_logger = "1.9"
 
-# Web dependencies.
-atomic-waker = "1"
-concurrent-queue = { version = "2", default-features = false }
-console_error_panic_hook = "0.1"
-js-sys = "0.3.70"
-pin-project = "1"
-tracing-web = "0.1"
-wasm-bindgen = "0.2.93"
-wasm-bindgen-futures = "0.4.43"
-wasm-bindgen-test = "0.3"
-web-time = "1"
-web_sys = { package = "web-sys", version = "0.3.70" }
+[target.'cfg(target_os = "android")'.dependencies]
+ndk = "0.3"
+ndk-sys = "0.2.0"
+ndk-glue = "0.3"
+
+[target.'cfg(any(target_os = "ios", target_os = "macos"))'.dependencies]
+objc = "0.2.7"
+
+[target.'cfg(target_os = "macos")'.dependencies]
+cocoa = "0.24"
+core-foundation = "0.9"
+core-graphics = "0.22"
+dispatch = "0.2.0"
+scopeguard = "1.1"
+
+[target.'cfg(target_os = "macos")'.dependencies.core-video-sys]
+version = "0.1.4"
+default_features = false
+features = ["display_link"]
+
+[target.'cfg(target_os = "windows")'.dependencies]
+parking_lot = "0.11"
+
+[target.'cfg(target_os = "windows")'.dependencies.winapi]
+version = "0.3.6"
+features = [
+    "combaseapi",
+    "commctrl",
+    "dwmapi",
+    "errhandlingapi",
+    "imm",
+    "hidusage",
+    "libloaderapi",
+    "objbase",
+    "ole2",
+    "processthreadsapi",
+    "shellapi",
+    "shellscalingapi",
+    "shobjidl_core",
+    "unknwnbase",
+    "winbase",
+    "windowsx",
+    "winerror",
+    "wingdi",
+    "winnt",
+    "winuser",
+]
+
+[target.'cfg(any(target_os = "linux", target_os = "dragonfly", target_os = "freebsd", target_os = "openbsd", target_os = "netbsd"))'.dependencies]
+wayland-client = { version = "0.28", features = [ "dlopen"] , optional = true }
+sctk = { package = "smithay-client-toolkit", version = "0.12.3", optional = true }
+mio = { version = "0.7", features = ["os-ext"], optional = true }
+mio-misc = { version = "1.0", optional = true }
+x11-dl = { version = "2.18.5", optional = true }
+percent-encoding = { version = "2.0", optional = true }
+parking_lot = { version = "0.11.0", optional = true }
+
+[target.'cfg(target_arch = "wasm32")'.dependencies.web_sys]
+package = "web-sys"
+version = "0.3.22"
+optional = true
+features = [
+    'console',
+    "AddEventListenerOptions",
+    'CssStyleDeclaration',
+    'BeforeUnloadEvent',
+    'Document',
+    'DomRect',
+    'Element',
+    'Event',
+    'EventTarget',
+    'FocusEvent',
+    'HtmlCanvasElement',
+    'HtmlElement',
+    'KeyboardEvent',
+    'MediaQueryList',
+    'MediaQueryListEvent',
+    'MouseEvent',
+    'Node',
+    'PointerEvent',
+    'Window',
+    'WheelEvent'
+]
+
+[target.'cfg(target_arch = "wasm32")'.dependencies.wasm-bindgen]
+version = "0.2.45"
+optional = true
+
+[target.'cfg(target_arch = "wasm32")'.dependencies.std_web]
+package = "stdweb"
+version = "=0.4.20"
+optional = true
+features = ["experimental_features_which_may_break_on_minor_version_bumps"]
+
+[target.'cfg(target_arch = "wasm32")'.dev-dependencies]
+console_log = "0.2"

FEATURES.md

@@ -1,18 +1,18 @@
 # Winit Scope
 
-Winit aims to expose an interface that abstracts over window creation and input handling and can
-be used to create both games and applications. It supports the following main graphical platforms:
+Winit aims to expose an interface that abstracts over window creation and input handling, and can
+be used to create both games and applications. It supports the main graphical platforms:
 - Desktop
   - Windows
   - macOS
   - Unix
     - via X11
     - via Wayland
-  - Redox OS, via Orbital
 - Mobile
   - iOS
   - Android
 - Web
+  - via WASM
 
 Most platforms expose capabilities that cannot be meaningfully transposed onto others. Winit does not
 aim to support every single feature of every platform, but rather to abstract over the common features
@@ -42,8 +42,200 @@ be released and the library will enter maintenance mode. For the most part, new
 be added past this point. New platform features may be accepted and exposed through point releases.
 
 ### Tier upgrades
-Some platform features could, in theory, be exposed across multiple platforms, but have not gone
+Some platform features could in theory be exposed across multiple platforms, but have not gone
 through the implementation work necessary to function on all platforms. When one of these features
 gets implemented across all platforms, a PR can be opened to upgrade the feature to a core feature.
-If that gets accepted, the platform-specific functions get deprecated and become permanently
+If that gets accepted, the platform-specific functions gets deprecated and become permanently
 exposed through the core, cross-platform API.
+
+# Features
+
+## Extending this section
+
+If your PR makes notable changes to Winit's features, please update this section as follows:
+
+- If your PR adds a new feature, add a brief description to the relevant section. If the feature is a core
+  feature, add a row to the feature matrix and describe what platforms the feature has been implemented on.
+
+- If your PR begins a new API rework, add a row to the `Pending API Reworks` table. If the PR implements the
+  API rework on all relevant platforms, please move it to the `Completed API Reworks` table.
+
+- If your PR implements an already-existing feature on a new platform, either mark the feature as *completed*,
+  or mark it as *mostly completed* and link to an issue describing the problems with the implementation.
+
+## Core
+
+### Windowing
+- **Window initialization**: Winit allows the creation of a window
+- **Providing pointer to init OpenGL**: Winit provides the necessary pointers to initialize a working opengl context
+- **Providing pointer to init Vulkan**: Same as OpenGL but for Vulkan
+- **Window decorations**: The windows created by winit are properly decorated, and the decorations can
+  be deactivated
+- **Window decorations toggle**: Decorations can be turned on or off after window creation
+- **Window resizing**: The windows created by winit can be resized and generate the appropriate events
+  when they are. The application can precisely control its window size if desired.
+- **Window resize increments**: When the window gets resized, the application can choose to snap the window's
+  size to specific values.
+- **Window transparency**: Winit allows the creation of windows with a transparent background.
+- **Window maximization**: The windows created by winit can be maximized upon creation.
+- **Window maximization toggle**: The windows created by winit can be maximized and unmaximized after
+  creation.
+- **Window minimization**: The windows created by winit can be minimized after creation.
+- **Fullscreen**: The windows created by winit can be put into fullscreen mode.
+- **Fullscreen toggle**: The windows created by winit can be switched to and from fullscreen after
+  creation.
+- **Exclusive fullscreen**: Winit allows changing the video mode of the monitor
+  for fullscreen windows, and if applicable, captures the monitor for exclusive
+  use by this application.
+- **HiDPI support**: Winit assists developers in appropriately scaling HiDPI content.
+- **Popup / modal windows**: Windows can be created relative to the client area of other windows, and parent
+  windows can be disabled in favor of popup windows. This feature also guarantees that popup windows
+  get drawn above their owner.
+
+
+### System Information
+- **Monitor list**: Retrieve the list of monitors and their metadata, including which one is primary.
+- **Video mode query**: Monitors can be queried for their supported fullscreen video modes (consisting of resolution, refresh rate, and bit depth).
+
+### Input Handling
+- **Mouse events**: Generating mouse events associated with pointer motion, click, and scrolling events.
+- **Mouse set location**: Forcibly changing the location of the pointer.
+- **Cursor grab**: Locking the cursor so it cannot exit the client area of a window.
+- **Cursor icon**: Changing the cursor icon, or hiding the cursor.
+- **Touch events**: Single-touch events.
+- **Touch pressure**: Touch events contain information about the amount of force being applied.
+- **Multitouch**: Multi-touch events, including cancellation of a gesture.
+- **Keyboard events**: Properly processing keyboard events using the user-specified keymap and
+  translating keypresses into UTF-8 characters, handling dead keys and IMEs.
+- **Drag & Drop**: Dragging content into winit, detecting when content enters, drops, or if the drop is cancelled.
+- **Raw Device Events**: Capturing input from input devices without any OS filtering.
+- **Gamepad/Joystick events**: Capturing input from gamepads and joysticks.
+- **Device movement events**: Capturing input from the device gyroscope and accelerometer.
+
+## Platform
+### Windows
+* Setting the taskbar icon
+* Setting the parent window
+* Setting a menu bar
+* `WS_EX_NOREDIRECTIONBITMAP` support
+* Theme the title bar according to Windows 10 Dark Mode setting or set a preferred theme
+
+### macOS
+* Window activation policy
+* Window movable by background
+* Transparent titlebar
+* Hidden titlebar
+* Hidden titlebar buttons
+* Full-size content view
+
+### Unix
+* Window urgency
+* X11 Window Class
+* X11 Override Redirect Flag
+* GTK Theme Variant
+* Base window size
+
+### iOS
+* `winit` has a minimum OS requirement of iOS 8
+* Get the `UIWindow` object pointer
+* Get the `UIViewController` object pointer
+* Get the `UIView` object pointer
+* Get the `UIScreen` object pointer
+* Setting the `UIView` hidpi factor
+* Valid orientations
+* Home indicator visibility
+* Status bar visibility
+* Deferrring system gestures
+* Support for custom `UIView` derived class
+* Getting the device idiom
+* Getting the preferred video mode
+
+### Web
+* Get if systems preferred color scheme is "dark"
+
+## Usability
+* `serde`: Enables serialization/deserialization of certain types with Serde. (Maintainer: @Osspial)
+
+## Compatibility Matrix
+
+Legend:
+
+- ✔️: Works as intended
+- ▢: Mostly works but some bugs are known
+- ❌: Missing feature or large bugs making it unusable
+- **N/A**: Not applicable for this platform
+- ❓: Unknown status
+
+### Windowing
+|Feature                          |Windows|MacOS   |Linux x11   |Linux Wayland  |Android|iOS    |WASM      |
+|-------------------------------- | ----- | ----   | -------    | -----------   | ----- | ----- | -------- |
+|Window initialization            |✔️     |✔️     |▢[#5]      |✔️             |▢[#33]|▢[#33] |✔️        |
+|Providing pointer to init OpenGL |✔️     |✔️     |✔️         |✔️             |✔️     |✔️    |**N/A**|
+|Providing pointer to init Vulkan |✔️     |✔️     |✔️         |✔️             |✔️     |❓     |**N/A**|
+|Window decorations               |✔️     |✔️     |✔️         |▢[#306]        |**N/A**|**N/A**|**N/A**|
+|Window decorations toggle        |✔️     |✔️     |✔️         |✔️             |**N/A**|**N/A**|**N/A**|
+|Window resizing                  |✔️     |▢[#219]|✔️         |▢[#306]        |**N/A**|**N/A**|✔️        |
+|Window resize increments         |❌     |❌     |❌         |❌             |❌    |❌     |**N/A**|
+|Window transparency              |✔️     |✔️     |✔️         |✔️             |**N/A**|**N/A**|N/A        |
+|Window maximization              |✔️     |✔️     |✔️         |✔️             |**N/A**|**N/A**|**N/A**|
+|Window maximization toggle       |✔️     |✔️     |✔️         |✔️             |**N/A**|**N/A**|**N/A**|
+|Window minimization              |✔️     |✔️     |✔️         |✔️             |**N/A**|**N/A**|**N/A**|
+|Fullscreen                       |✔️     |✔️     |✔️         |✔️             |**N/A**|✔️     |✔️        |
+|Fullscreen toggle                |✔️     |✔️     |✔️         |✔️             |**N/A**|✔️     |✔️        |
+|Exclusive fullscreen             |✔️     |✔️     |✔️         |**N/A**         |❌    |✔️     |**N/A**|
+|HiDPI support                    |✔️     |✔️     |✔️         |✔️             |▢[#721]|✔️    |✔️ \*1|
+|Popup windows                    |❌     |❌     |❌         |❌             |❌    |❌     |**N/A**|
+
+\*1: `WindowEvent::ScaleFactorChanged` is not sent on `stdweb` backend.
+
+### System information
+|Feature          |Windows|MacOS |Linux x11|Linux Wayland|Android|iOS      |WASM      |
+|---------------- | ----- | ---- | ------- | ----------- | ----- | ------- | -------- |
+|Monitor list     |✔️    |✔️    |✔️       |✔️          |**N/A**|✔️       |**N/A**|
+|Video mode query |✔️    |✔️    |✔️       |✔️          |❌     |✔️      |**N/A**|
+
+### Input handling
+|Feature                 |Windows   |MacOS   |Linux x11|Linux Wayland|Android|iOS    |WASM      |
+|----------------------- | -----    | ----   | ------- | ----------- | ----- | ----- | -------- |
+|Mouse events            |✔️       |▢[#63]  |✔️       |✔️          |**N/A**|**N/A**|✔️        |
+|Mouse set location      |✔️       |✔️      |✔️       |❓           |**N/A**|**N/A**|**N/A**|
+|Cursor grab             |✔️       |▢[#165] |▢[#242]  |✔️         |**N/A**|**N/A**|❓        |
+|Cursor icon             |✔️       |✔️      |✔️       |✔️           |**N/A**|**N/A**|✔️        |
+|Touch events            |✔️       |❌      |✔️       |✔️          |✔️    |✔️     |❌        |
+|Touch pressure          |✔️       |❌      |❌       |❌          |❌    |✔️     |❌        |
+|Multitouch              |✔️       |❌      |✔️       |✔️          |✔️    |✔️     |❌        |
+|Keyboard events         |✔️       |✔️      |✔️       |✔️          |❓     |❌     |✔️        |
+|Drag & Drop             |▢[#720]  |▢[#720] |▢[#720]  |❌[#306]    |**N/A**|**N/A**|❓        |
+|Raw Device Events       |▢[#750]  |▢[#750] |▢[#750]  |❌          |❌    |❌     |❓        |
+|Gamepad/Joystick events |❌[#804] |❌      |❌       |❌          |❌    |❌     |❓        |
+|Device movement events  |❓        |❓       |❓       |❓           |❌    |❌     |❓        |
+|Drag window with cursor |✔️         |✔️       |✔️        |✔️            |**N/A**|**N/A**|**N/A**   |
+
+### Pending API Reworks
+Changes in the API that have been agreed upon but aren't implemented across all platforms.
+
+|Feature                             |Windows|MacOS |Linux x11|Linux Wayland|Android|iOS    |WASM      |
+|------------------------------      | ----- | ---- | ------- | ----------- | ----- | ----- | -------- |
+|New API for HiDPI ([#315] [#319])   |✔️    |✔️    |✔️       |✔️          |▢[#721]|✔️    |❓        |
+|Event Loop 2.0 ([#459])             |✔️    |✔️    |❌       |✔️          |❌     |✔️    |❓        |
+|Keyboard Input ([#812])             |❌    |❌    |❌       |❌          |❌     |❌    |❓        |
+
+### Completed API Reworks
+|Feature                             |Windows|MacOS |Linux x11|Linux Wayland|Android|iOS    |WASM      |
+|------------------------------      | ----- | ---- | ------- | ----------- | ----- | ----- | -------- |
+
+[#165]: https://github.com/rust-windowing/winit/issues/165
+[#219]: https://github.com/rust-windowing/winit/issues/219
+[#242]: https://github.com/rust-windowing/winit/issues/242
+[#306]: https://github.com/rust-windowing/winit/issues/306
+[#315]: https://github.com/rust-windowing/winit/issues/315
+[#319]: https://github.com/rust-windowing/winit/issues/319
+[#33]: https://github.com/rust-windowing/winit/issues/33
+[#459]: https://github.com/rust-windowing/winit/issues/459
+[#5]: https://github.com/rust-windowing/winit/issues/5
+[#63]: https://github.com/rust-windowing/winit/issues/63
+[#720]: https://github.com/rust-windowing/winit/issues/720
+[#721]: https://github.com/rust-windowing/winit/issues/721
+[#750]: https://github.com/rust-windowing/winit/issues/750
+[#804]: https://github.com/rust-windowing/winit/issues/804
+[#812]: https://github.com/rust-windowing/winit/issues/812

HALL_OF_CHAMPIONS.md

@@ -1,25 +1,14 @@
 # Hall of Champions
 
-The winit maintainers would like to recognize the following former winit
-contributors, without whom winit would not exist in its current form. We thank
-them deeply for their time and efforts and wish them the best of luck in their
+The Winit maintainers would like to recognize the following former Winit
+contributors, without whom Winit would not exist in its current form. We thank
+them deeply for their time and efforts, and wish them best of luck in their
 future endeavors:
 
-* [@tomaka]: For creating the winit project and guiding it through its early
+* [@tomaka]: For creating the Winit project and guiding it through its early
   years of existence.
-* [@vberger]: For diligently creating the Wayland backend and being its
-  extremely helpful and benevolent maintainer for years.
 * [@francesca64]: For taking over the responsibility of maintaining almost every
-  winit backend and standardizing HiDPI support across all of them.
-* [@Osspial]: For heroically landing EventLoop 2.0 and valiantly ushering in a
-  vastly more sustainable era of winit.
-* [@goddessfreya]: For selflessly taking over maintainership of glutin and her
-  stellar dedication to improving both winit and glutin.
-* [@ArturKovacs]: For consistently maintaining the macOS backend and for his immense involvement in designing and implementing the new keyboard API.
+  Winit backend, and standardizing HiDPI support across all of them
 
 [@tomaka]: https://github.com/tomaka
-[@vberger]: https://github.com/vberger
 [@francesca64]: https://github.com/francesca64
-[@Osspial]: https://github.com/Osspial
-[@goddessfreya]: https://github.com/goddessfreya
-[@ArturKovacs]: https://github.com/ArturKovacs

README.md

@@ -2,78 +2,122 @@
 
 [![Crates.io](https://img.shields.io/crates/v/winit.svg)](https://crates.io/crates/winit)
 [![Docs.rs](https://docs.rs/winit/badge.svg)](https://docs.rs/winit)
-[![UNSTABLE docs](https://img.shields.io/github/actions/workflow/status/rust-windowing/winit/docs.yml?branch=master&label=UNSTABLE%20docs
-)](https://rust-windowing.github.io/winit/winit/index.html)
 [![CI Status](https://github.com/rust-windowing/winit/workflows/CI/badge.svg)](https://github.com/rust-windowing/winit/actions)
 
 ```toml
 [dependencies]
-winit = "0.30.12"
+winit = "0.25.0"
 ```
 
 ## [Documentation](https://docs.rs/winit)
 
 For features _within_ the scope of winit, see [FEATURES.md](FEATURES.md).
 
-For features _outside_ the scope of winit, see [Are we GUI Yet?](https://areweguiyet.com/) and [Are we game yet?](https://arewegameyet.rs/), depending on what kind of project you're looking to do.
+For features _outside_ the scope of winit, see [Missing features provided by other crates](https://github.com/rust-windowing/winit/wiki/Missing-features-provided-by-other-crates) in the wiki.
 
 ## Contact Us
 
-Join us in our [![Matrix](https://img.shields.io/badge/Matrix-%23rust--windowing%3Amatrix.org-blueviolet.svg)](https://matrix.to/#/#rust-windowing:matrix.org) room.
+Join us in any of these:
 
-The maintainers have a meeting every friday at UTC 15. The meeting notes can be found [here](https://hackmd.io/@winit-meetings).
+[![Freenode](https://img.shields.io/badge/freenode.net-%23glutin-red.svg)](http://webchat.freenode.net?channels=%23glutin&uio=MTY9dHJ1ZSYyPXRydWUmND10cnVlJjExPTE4NSYxMj10cnVlJjE1PXRydWU7a)
+[![Matrix](https://img.shields.io/badge/Matrix-%23Glutin%3Amatrix.org-blueviolet.svg)](https://matrix.to/#/#Glutin:matrix.org)
+[![Gitter](https://badges.gitter.im/Join%20Chat.svg)](https://gitter.im/tomaka/glutin?utm_source=badge&utm_medium=badge&utm_campaign=pr-badge&utm_content=badge)
 
 ## Usage
 
 Winit is a window creation and management library. It can create windows and lets you handle
 events (for example: the window being resized, a key being pressed, a mouse movement, etc.)
-produced by the window.
+produced by window.
 
 Winit is designed to be a low-level brick in a hierarchy of libraries. Consequently, in order to
 show something on the window you need to use the platform-specific getters provided by winit, or
 another library.
 
-## CONTRIBUTING
+```rust
+use winit::{
+    event::{Event, WindowEvent},
+    event_loop::{ControlFlow, EventLoop},
+    window::WindowBuilder,
+};
 
-For contributing guidelines see [CONTRIBUTING.md](./CONTRIBUTING.md).
+fn main() {
+    let event_loop = EventLoop::new();
+    let window = WindowBuilder::new().build(&event_loop).unwrap();
 
-## MSRV Policy
+    event_loop.run(move |event, _, control_flow| {
+        *control_flow = ControlFlow::Wait;
 
-This crate's Minimum Supported Rust Version (MSRV) is **1.80**. Changes to
-the MSRV will be accompanied by a minor version bump.
-
-As a **tentative** policy, the upper bound of the MSRV is given by the following
-formula:
-
-```
-min(sid, stable - 3)
+        match event {
+            Event::WindowEvent {
+                event: WindowEvent::CloseRequested,
+                window_id,
+            } if window_id == window.id() => *control_flow = ControlFlow::Exit,
+            _ => (),
+        }
+    });
+}
 ```
 
-Where `sid` is the current version of `rustc` provided by [Debian Sid], and
-`stable` is the latest stable version of Rust. This bound may be broken in case of a major ecosystem shift or a security vulnerability.
+Winit is only officially supported on the latest stable version of the Rust compiler.
 
-[Debian Sid]: https://packages.debian.org/sid/rustc
+### Cargo Features
 
-An exception is made for the Android platform, where a higher Rust version
-must be used for certain Android features. In this case, the MSRV will be
-capped at the latest stable version of Rust minus three. This inconsistency is
-not reflected in Cargo metadata, as it is not powerful enough to expose this
-restriction.
-
-Redox OS is also not covered by this MSRV policy, as it requires a Rust nightly
-toolchain to compile.
-
-All crates in the [`rust-windowing`] organizations have the
-same MSRV policy.
-
-[`rust-windowing`]: https://github.com/rust-windowing
+Winit provides the following features, which can be enabled in your `Cargo.toml` file:
+* `serde`: Enables serialization/deserialization of certain types with [Serde](https://crates.io/crates/serde).
+* `x11` (enabled by default): On Unix platform, compiles with the X11 backend
+* `wayland` (enabled by default): On Unix platform, compiles with the Wayland backend
+* `mint`: Enables mint (math interoperability standard types) conversions.
 
 ### Platform-specific usage
 
-Check out the [`winit::platform`](https://docs.rs/winit/latest/winit/platform/index.html) module for platform-specific usage.
+#### WebAssembly
 
-### Repository License
+Winit supports compiling to the `wasm32-unknown-unknown` target with either a
+`stdweb` or a `web-sys` backend for use on web browsers. However, please note
+that **the `stdweb` backend is being deprecated and may be removed in a future
+release of Winit**. The `web-sys` backend is also more feature complete.
+
+On the web platform, a Winit window is backed by a `<canvas>` element. You can
+either [provide Winit with a `<canvas>` element][web with_canvas], or [let Winit
+create a `<canvas>` element which you can then retrieve][web canvas getter] and
+insert it into the DOM yourself.
+
+For example code using Winit with WebAssembly, check out the [web example]. For
+information on using Rust on WebAssembly, check out the [Rust and WebAssembly
+book].
+
+[web with_canvas]: https://docs.rs/winit/latest/wasm32-unknown-unknown/winit/platform/web/trait.WindowBuilderExtWebSys.html#tymethod.with_canvas
+[web canvas getter]: https://docs.rs/winit/latest/wasm32-unknown-unknown/winit/platform/web/trait.WindowExtWebSys.html#tymethod.canvas
+[web example]: ./examples/web.rs
+[Rust and WebAssembly book]: https://rustwasm.github.io/book/
+
+#### Android
+
+This library makes use of the [ndk-rs](https://github.com/rust-windowing/android-ndk-rs) crates, refer to that repo for more documentation.
+
+Running on an Android device needs a dynamic system library, add this to Cargo.toml:
+```toml
+[[example]]
+name = "request_redraw_threaded"
+crate-type = ["cdylib"]
+```
+
+And add this to the example file to add the native activity glue:
+```rust
+#[cfg_attr(target_os = "android", ndk_glue::main(backtrace = "on"))]
+fn main() {
+    ...
+}
+```
+
+And run the application with `cargo apk run --example request_redraw_threaded`
+
+#### MacOS
+
+To ensure compatibility with older MacOS systems, winit links to
+CGDisplayCreateUUIDFromDisplayID through the CoreGraphics framework.
+However, under certain setups this function is only available to be linked
+through the newer ColorSync framework. So, winit provides the
+`WINIT_LINK_COLORSYNC` environment variable which can be set to `1` or `true` 
+while compiling to enable linking via ColorSync.
 
-Note that the license in `LICENSE` doesn't apply in full to the DPI package [./dpi](./dpi).
-Full details can be found in that folder's README.
-<!-- This doesn't apply to users of the Winit crate, but this is also the repository level README -->

build.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+fn main() {
+    // If building for macos and WINIT_LINK_COLORSYNC is set to true
+    // use CGDisplayCreateUUIDFromDisplayID from ColorSync instead of CoreGraphics
+    if std::env::var("CARGO_CFG_TARGET_OS").map_or(false, |os| os == "macos")
+        && std::env::var("WINIT_LINK_COLORSYNC")
+            .map_or(false, |v| v == "1" || v.eq_ignore_ascii_case("true"))
+    {
+        println!("cargo:rustc-cfg=use_colorsync_cgdisplaycreateuuidfromdisplayid");
+    }
+}

clippy.toml

@@ -1,17 +0,0 @@
-# Using allow-invalid because this is platform-specific code
-disallowed-methods = [
-    { allow-invalid = true, path = "objc2_app_kit::NSView::visibleRect", reason = "We expose a render target to the user, and visibility is not really relevant to that (and can break if you don't use the rectangle position as well). Use `frame` instead." },
-    { allow-invalid = true, path = "objc2_app_kit::NSWindow::setFrameTopLeftPoint", reason = "Not sufficient when working with Winit's coordinate system, use `flip_window_screen_coordinates` instead" },
-    { allow-invalid = true, path = "web_sys::Document::exit_fullscreen", reason = "Doesn't account for compatibility with Safari" },
-    { allow-invalid = true, path = "web_sys::Document::fullscreen_element", reason = "Doesn't account for compatibility with Safari" },
-    { allow-invalid = true, path = "web_sys::Element::request_fullscreen", reason = "Doesn't account for compatibility with Safari" },
-    { allow-invalid = true, path = "web_sys::HtmlCanvasElement::height", reason = "Winit shouldn't touch the internal canvas size" },
-    { allow-invalid = true, path = "web_sys::HtmlCanvasElement::set_height", reason = "Winit shouldn't touch the internal canvas size" },
-    { allow-invalid = true, path = "web_sys::HtmlCanvasElement::set_width", reason = "Winit shouldn't touch the internal canvas size" },
-    { allow-invalid = true, path = "web_sys::HtmlCanvasElement::width", reason = "Winit shouldn't touch the internal canvas size" },
-    { allow-invalid = true, path = "web_sys::HtmlElement::style", reason = "cache this to reduce calls to JS" },
-    { allow-invalid = true, path = "web_sys::Window::document", reason = "cache this to reduce calls to JS" },
-    { allow-invalid = true, path = "web_sys::Window::get_computed_style", reason = "cache this to reduce calls to JS" },
-    { allow-invalid = true, path = "web_sys::Window::navigator", reason = "cache this to reduce calls to JS" },
-    { allow-invalid = true, path = "web_sys::window", reason = "is not available in every context" },
-]

deny.toml

@@ -1,80 +0,0 @@
-# https://embarkstudios.github.io/cargo-deny
-# cargo install cargo-deny
-# cargo update && cargo deny --target aarch64-apple-ios check
-# Note: running just `cargo deny check` without a `--target` will result in
-# false positives due to https://github.com/EmbarkStudios/cargo-deny/issues/324
-[graph]
-all-features = true
-exclude-dev = true
-targets = [
-    { triple = "aarch64-apple-darwin" },
-    { triple = "aarch64-apple-ios" },
-    { triple = "aarch64-linux-android" },
-    { triple = "i686-pc-windows-gnu" },
-    { triple = "i686-pc-windows-msvc" },
-    { triple = "i686-unknown-linux-gnu" },
-    { triple = "wasm32-unknown-unknown", features = [
-        "atomics",
-    ] },
-    { triple = "x86_64-apple-darwin" },
-    { triple = "x86_64-apple-ios" },
-    { triple = "x86_64-pc-windows-gnu" },
-    { triple = "x86_64-pc-windows-msvc" },
-    { triple = "x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu" },
-    { triple = "x86_64-unknown-redox" },
-]
-
-[licenses]
-allow = [
-    "Apache-2.0",   # https://tldrlegal.com/license/apache-license-2.0-(apache-2.0)
-    "BSD-2-Clause", # https://tldrlegal.com/license/bsd-2-clause-license-(freebsd)
-    "BSD-3-Clause", # https://tldrlegal.com/license/bsd-3-clause-license-(revised)
-    "ISC",          # https://tldrlegal.com/license/isc-license
-    "MIT",          # https://tldrlegal.com/license/mit-license
-    "Unicode-3.0",  # https://spdx.org/licenses/Unicode-3.0.html
-]
-confidence-threshold = 1.0
-private = { ignore = true }
-
-[bans]
-multiple-versions = "deny"
-skip = [
-    { crate = "bitflags@1", reason = "the ecosystem is in the process of migrating" },
-    { crate = "rustix@0.38", reason = "the ecosystem is in the process of migrating" },
-    { crate = "linux-raw-sys@0.4", reason = "the ecosystem is in the process of migrating" },
-]
-wildcards = "allow" # at least until https://github.com/EmbarkStudios/cargo-deny/issues/241 is fixed
-
-[bans.build]
-include-archives = true
-interpreted = "deny"
-
-[[bans.build.bypass]]
-allow = [
-    { path = "generate-bindings.sh", checksum = "268ec23248218d779e33853cdc60e2985e70214ff004716cd734270de1f6b561" },
-]
-crate = "android-activity"
-
-[[bans.build.bypass]]
-allow-globs = ["ci/*", "githooks/*"]
-crate = "zerocopy"
-
-[[bans.build.bypass]]
-allow-globs = ["freetype2/*"]
-crate = "freetype-sys"
-
-[[bans.build.bypass]]
-allow-globs = ["lib/*.a"]
-crate = "windows_i686_gnu"
-
-[[bans.build.bypass]]
-allow-globs = ["lib/*.lib"]
-crate = "windows_i686_msvc"
-
-[[bans.build.bypass]]
-allow-globs = ["lib/*.a"]
-crate = "windows_x86_64_gnu"
-
-[[bans.build.bypass]]
-allow-globs = ["lib/*.lib"]
-crate = "windows_x86_64_msvc"

dpi/CHANGELOG.md

@@ -1,25 +0,0 @@
-# Changelog
-
-All notable changes to this project will be documented in this file.
-
-Please keep one empty line before and after all headers. (This is required for
-`git` to produce a conflict when a release is made while a PR is open and the
-PR's changelog entry would go into the wrong section).
-
-And please only add new entries to the top of this list, right below the `#
-Unreleased` header.
-
-## Unreleased
-
-## 0.1.2
-
-- Added `Insets`, `LogicalInsets` and `PhysicalInsets` types.
-- Make `no_std` compatible. If you use this functionality, DPI's license has changed.
-
-## 0.1.1
-
-- Derive `Debug`, `Copy`, `Clone`, `PartialEq`, `Serialize`, `Deserialize` traits for `PixelUnit`.
-
-## 0.1.0
-
-- Add `LogicalUnit`, `PhysicalUnit` and `PixelUnit` types and related functions.

dpi/Cargo.toml

@@ -1,46 +0,0 @@
-[package]
-categories = ["gui"]
-description = "Types for handling UI scaling"
-edition.workspace = true
-keywords = ["DPI", "HiDPI", "scale-factor"]
-# N.B. This is "AND", because of the imported libm code.
-license = "Apache-2.0 AND MIT"
-name = "dpi"
-repository.workspace = true
-rust-version.workspace = true
-version = "0.1.2"
-
-[features]
-default = ["std"]
-
-mint = ["dep:mint"]
-serde = ["dep:serde"]
-
-# Access mathematical functions using the standard library implementations
-std = []
-
-[dependencies]
-mint = { workspace = true, optional = true }
-serde = { workspace = true, optional = true }
-
-[package.metadata.docs.rs]
-features = ["mint", "serde"]
-# These are all tested in CI
-rustdoc-args = ["--cfg", "docsrs"]
-targets = [
-    # Windows
-    "i686-pc-windows-msvc",
-    "x86_64-pc-windows-msvc",
-    # macOS
-    "aarch64-apple-darwin",
-    "x86_64-apple-darwin",
-    # Unix (X11 & Wayland)
-    "i686-unknown-linux-gnu",
-    "x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu",
-    # iOS
-    "aarch64-apple-ios",
-    # Android
-    "aarch64-linux-android",
-    # Web
-    "wasm32-unknown-unknown",
-]

dpi/LICENSE

@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-../LICENSE

dpi/LICENSE-LIBM-MIT

@@ -1,51 +0,0 @@
-rust-lang/libm as a whole is available for use under the MIT license:
-
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
-of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
-in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
-to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
-copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
-furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
-
-The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
-copies or substantial portions of the Software.
-
-THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
-IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
-FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
-AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
-LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
-OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
-SOFTWARE.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-This Rust library contains the following copyrights:
-
-    Copyright (c) 2018 Jorge Aparicio
-
-Portions of this software are derived from third-party works licensed under
-terms compatible with the above MIT license:
-
-* musl libc https://www.musl-libc.org/. This library contains the following
-  copyright:
-
-      Copyright © 2005-2020 Rich Felker, et al.
-
-* The CORE-MATH project https://core-math.gitlabpages.inria.fr/. CORE-MATH
-  routines are available under the MIT license on a per-file basis.
-
-The musl libc COPYRIGHT file also includes the following notice relevant to
-math portions of the library:
-
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-Much of the math library code (src/math/* and src/complex/*) is
-Copyright © 1993,2004 Sun Microsystems or
-Copyright © 2003-2011 David Schultz or
-Copyright © 2003-2009 Steven G. Kargl or
-Copyright © 2003-2009 Bruce D. Evans or
-Copyright © 2008 Stephen L. Moshier or
-Copyright © 2017-2018 Arm Limited
-and labelled as such in comments in the individual source files. All
-have been licensed under extremely permissive terms.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

dpi/README.md

@@ -1,18 +0,0 @@
-# DPI
-
-Full docs can be found on docs.rs.
-
-## License
-
-Most of DPI is licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 ([LICENSE](LICENSE)).
-All files except for `src/libm.rs` (and `LICENSE-LIBM-MIT`) are available solely under that license.
-
-For its `no_std` support, DPI uses code from the [libm](https://crates.io/crates/libm) crate.
-This is in the `libm.rs` file, and is licensed solely under the MIT Licence ([LICENSE-LIBM-MIT](LICENSE-LIBM-MIT)).
-That file contains details of all potentially applicable copyright notices.
-This is feature gated to only be included if you disable the `std` feature, otherwise it will not be compiled into your final binary
-(and so these license terms will not apply).
-
-Overall, this means that the license for this crate depends on what features you have enabled.
-If you enable the `std` feature, then DPI uses only code available under the Apache-2.0 license, and so can be used under the terms of that license.
-However, if you disable the `std` feature, then both these licenses must be followed to use the crate as a whole.

dpi/src/libm.rs

@@ -1,56 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright (c) 2018 Jorge Aparicio
-// Copyright © 2005-2020 Rich Felker, et al.
-// Copyright © 1993,2004 Sun Microsystems or
-// Copyright © 2003-2011 David Schultz or
-// Copyright © 2003-2009 Steven G. Kargl or
-// Copyright © 2003-2009 Bruce D. Evans or
-// Copyright © 2008 Stephen L. Moshier or
-// Copyright © 2017-2018 Arm Limited
-// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
-// This file is licensed solely under the terms discussed in LICENSE-LIBM-MIT at the crate root.
-// See the package-level README for full details.
-
-// Taken from https://github.com/rust-lang/libm/blob/master/src/math/mod.rs#L1
-macro_rules! force_eval {
-    ($e:expr) => {
-        unsafe { ::core::ptr::read_volatile(&$e) }
-    };
-}
-
-// Taken from https://github.com/rust-lang/libm/blob/libm-v0.2.11/src/math/round.rs
-pub(crate) fn round(x: f64) -> f64 {
-    trunc(x + copysign(0.5 - 0.25 * f64::EPSILON, x))
-}
-
-// Adapted from: https://github.com/rust-lang/libm/blob/libm-v0.2.11/src/math/trunc.rs#L8-L12
-#[allow(clippy::needless_late_init /*, reason = "The original libm code uses this style" */)]
-fn trunc(x: f64) -> f64 {
-    let x1p120 = f64::from_bits(0x4770000000000000); // 0x1p120f === 2 ^ 120
-
-    let mut i: u64 = x.to_bits();
-    let mut e: i64 = ((i >> 52) & 0x7ff) as i64 - 0x3ff + 12;
-    let m: u64;
-
-    if e >= 52 + 12 {
-        return x;
-    }
-    if e < 12 {
-        e = 1;
-    }
-    m = -1i64 as u64 >> e;
-    if (i & m) == 0 {
-        return x;
-    }
-    force_eval!(x + x1p120);
-    i &= !m;
-    f64::from_bits(i)
-}
-
-// Taken from https://github.com/rust-lang/libm/blob/libm-v0.2.11/src/math/copysign.rs
-fn copysign(x: f64, y: f64) -> f64 {
-    let mut ux = x.to_bits();
-    let uy = y.to_bits();
-    ux &= (!0) >> 1;
-    ux |= uy & (1 << 63);
-    f64::from_bits(ux)
-}

examples/child_window.rs

@@ -1,129 +0,0 @@
-#[cfg(any(x11_platform, macos_platform, windows_platform))]
-#[allow(deprecated)]
-fn main() -> Result<(), impl std::error::Error> {
-    use std::collections::HashMap;
-
-    use winit::application::ApplicationHandler;
-    use winit::dpi::{LogicalPosition, LogicalSize, Position};
-    use winit::event::{ElementState, KeyEvent, WindowEvent};
-    use winit::event_loop::{ActiveEventLoop, EventLoop};
-    use winit::raw_window_handle::HasRawWindowHandle;
-    use winit::window::{Window, WindowAttributes, WindowId};
-
-    #[path = "util/fill.rs"]
-    mod fill;
-
-    #[derive(Debug)]
-    struct WindowData {
-        window: Box<dyn Window>,
-        color: u32,
-    }
-
-    impl WindowData {
-        fn new(window: Box<dyn Window>, color: u32) -> Self {
-            Self { window, color }
-        }
-    }
-
-    #[derive(Default, Debug)]
-    struct Application {
-        parent_window_id: Option<WindowId>,
-        windows: HashMap<WindowId, WindowData>,
-    }
-
-    impl ApplicationHandler for Application {
-        fn can_create_surfaces(&mut self, event_loop: &dyn ActiveEventLoop) {
-            let attributes = WindowAttributes::default()
-                .with_title("parent window")
-                .with_position(Position::Logical(LogicalPosition::new(0.0, 0.0)))
-                .with_surface_size(LogicalSize::new(640.0f32, 480.0f32));
-            let window = event_loop.create_window(attributes).unwrap();
-            println!("Parent window id: {:?})", window.id());
-            self.parent_window_id = Some(window.id());
-
-            self.windows.insert(window.id(), WindowData::new(window, 0xffbbbbbb));
-        }
-
-        fn window_event(
-            &mut self,
-            event_loop: &dyn ActiveEventLoop,
-            window_id: winit::window::WindowId,
-            event: WindowEvent,
-        ) {
-            match event {
-                WindowEvent::CloseRequested => {
-                    self.windows.clear();
-                    event_loop.exit();
-                },
-                WindowEvent::PointerEntered { device_id: _, .. } => {
-                    // On x11, println when the cursor entered in a window even if the child window
-                    // is created by some key inputs.
-                    // the child windows are always placed at (0, 0) with size (200, 200) in the
-                    // parent window, so we also can see this log when we move
-                    // the cursor around (200, 200) in parent window.
-                    println!("cursor entered in the window {window_id:?}");
-                },
-                WindowEvent::KeyboardInput {
-                    event: KeyEvent { state: ElementState::Pressed, .. },
-                    ..
-                } => {
-                    let child_index = self.windows.len() - 1;
-                    let child_color =
-                        0xff000000 + 3_u32.pow((child_index + 2).rem_euclid(16) as u32);
-
-                    let parent_window = self.windows.get(&self.parent_window_id.unwrap()).unwrap();
-                    let child_window =
-                        spawn_child_window(parent_window.window.as_ref(), event_loop, child_index);
-                    let child_id = child_window.id();
-                    println!("Child window created with id: {child_id:?}");
-                    self.windows.insert(child_id, WindowData::new(child_window, child_color));
-                },
-                WindowEvent::RedrawRequested => {
-                    if let Some(window) = self.windows.get(&window_id) {
-                        if window_id == self.parent_window_id.unwrap() {
-                            fill::fill_window(window.window.as_ref());
-                        } else {
-                            fill::fill_window_with_color(window.window.as_ref(), window.color);
-                        }
-                    }
-                },
-                _ => (),
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    fn spawn_child_window(
-        parent: &dyn Window,
-        event_loop: &dyn ActiveEventLoop,
-        child_count: usize,
-    ) -> Box<dyn Window> {
-        let parent = parent.raw_window_handle().unwrap();
-
-        // As child count increases, x goes from 0*128 to 5*128 and then repeats
-        let x: f64 = child_count.rem_euclid(5) as f64 * 128.0;
-
-        // After 5 windows have been put side by side horizontally, a new row starts
-        let y: f64 = (child_count / 5) as f64 * 96.0;
-
-        let mut window_attributes = WindowAttributes::default()
-            .with_title("child window")
-            .with_surface_size(LogicalSize::new(128.0f32, 96.0))
-            .with_position(Position::Logical(LogicalPosition::new(x, y)))
-            .with_visible(true);
-        // `with_parent_window` is unsafe. Parent window must be a valid window.
-        window_attributes = unsafe { window_attributes.with_parent_window(Some(parent)) };
-
-        event_loop.create_window(window_attributes).unwrap()
-    }
-
-    let event_loop = EventLoop::new().unwrap();
-    event_loop.run_app(Application::default())
-}
-
-#[cfg(not(any(x11_platform, macos_platform, windows_platform)))]
-fn main() {
-    panic!(
-        "This example is supported only on x11, macOS, and Windows, with the `rwh_06` feature \
-         enabled."
-    );
-}

examples/control_flow.rs

@@ -1,146 +1,114 @@
-#![allow(clippy::single_match)]
+use std::{thread, time};
 
-use std::thread;
-#[cfg(not(web_platform))]
-use std::time;
+use simple_logger::SimpleLogger;
+use winit::{
+    event::{Event, KeyboardInput, WindowEvent},
+    event_loop::{ControlFlow, EventLoop},
+    window::WindowBuilder,
+};
 
-use ::tracing::{info, warn};
-#[cfg(web_platform)]
-use web_time as time;
-use winit::application::ApplicationHandler;
-use winit::event::{ElementState, KeyEvent, StartCause, WindowEvent};
-use winit::event_loop::{ActiveEventLoop, ControlFlow, EventLoop};
-use winit::keyboard::{Key, NamedKey};
-use winit::window::{Window, WindowAttributes, WindowId};
-
-#[path = "util/fill.rs"]
-mod fill;
-#[path = "util/tracing.rs"]
-mod tracing;
-
-const WAIT_TIME: time::Duration = time::Duration::from_millis(100);
-const POLL_SLEEP_TIME: time::Duration = time::Duration::from_millis(100);
-
-#[derive(Default, Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
 enum Mode {
-    #[default]
     Wait,
     WaitUntil,
     Poll,
 }
 
-fn main() -> Result<(), impl std::error::Error> {
-    #[cfg(web_platform)]
-    console_error_panic_hook::set_once();
+const WAIT_TIME: time::Duration = time::Duration::from_millis(100);
+const POLL_SLEEP_TIME: time::Duration = time::Duration::from_millis(100);
 
-    tracing::init();
+fn main() {
+    SimpleLogger::new().init().unwrap();
 
-    info!("Press '1' to switch to Wait mode.");
-    info!("Press '2' to switch to WaitUntil mode.");
-    info!("Press '3' to switch to Poll mode.");
-    info!("Press 'R' to toggle request_redraw() calls.");
-    info!("Press 'Esc' to close the window.");
+    println!("Press '1' to switch to Wait mode.");
+    println!("Press '2' to switch to WaitUntil mode.");
+    println!("Press '3' to switch to Poll mode.");
+    println!("Press 'R' to toggle request_redraw() calls.");
+    println!("Press 'Esc' to close the window.");
 
-    let event_loop = EventLoop::new().unwrap();
+    let event_loop = EventLoop::new();
+    let window = WindowBuilder::new()
+        .with_title("Press 1, 2, 3 to change control flow mode. Press R to toggle redraw requests.")
+        .build(&event_loop)
+        .unwrap();
 
-    event_loop.run_app(ControlFlowDemo::default())
-}
-
-#[derive(Default, Debug)]
-struct ControlFlowDemo {
-    mode: Mode,
-    request_redraw: bool,
-    wait_cancelled: bool,
-    close_requested: bool,
-    window: Option<Box<dyn Window>>,
-}
-
-impl ApplicationHandler for ControlFlowDemo {
-    fn new_events(&mut self, _event_loop: &dyn ActiveEventLoop, cause: StartCause) {
-        info!("new_events: {cause:?}");
-
-        self.wait_cancelled = match cause {
-            StartCause::WaitCancelled { .. } => self.mode == Mode::WaitUntil,
-            _ => false,
-        }
-    }
-
-    fn can_create_surfaces(&mut self, event_loop: &dyn ActiveEventLoop) {
-        let window_attributes = WindowAttributes::default().with_title(
-            "Press 1, 2, 3 to change control flow mode. Press R to toggle redraw requests.",
-        );
-        self.window = Some(event_loop.create_window(window_attributes).unwrap());
-    }
-
-    fn window_event(
-        &mut self,
-        _event_loop: &dyn ActiveEventLoop,
-        _window_id: WindowId,
-        event: WindowEvent,
-    ) {
-        info!("{event:?}");
+    let mut mode = Mode::Wait;
+    let mut request_redraw = false;
+    let mut wait_cancelled = false;
+    let mut close_requested = false;
 
+    event_loop.run(move |event, _, control_flow| {
+        use winit::event::{ElementState, StartCause, VirtualKeyCode};
+        println!("{:?}", event);
         match event {
-            WindowEvent::CloseRequested => {
-                self.close_requested = true;
-            },
-            WindowEvent::KeyboardInput {
-                event: KeyEvent { logical_key: key, state: ElementState::Pressed, .. },
-                ..
-            } => match key.as_ref() {
-                // WARNING: Consider using `key_without_modifiers()` if available on your platform.
-                // See the `key_binding` example
-                Key::Character("1") => {
-                    self.mode = Mode::Wait;
-                    warn!("mode: {:?}", self.mode);
-                },
-                Key::Character("2") => {
-                    self.mode = Mode::WaitUntil;
-                    warn!("mode: {:?}", self.mode);
-                },
-                Key::Character("3") => {
-                    self.mode = Mode::Poll;
-                    warn!("mode: {:?}", self.mode);
-                },
-                Key::Character("r") => {
-                    self.request_redraw = !self.request_redraw;
-                    warn!("request_redraw: {}", self.request_redraw);
-                },
-                Key::Named(NamedKey::Escape) => {
-                    self.close_requested = true;
+            Event::NewEvents(start_cause) => {
+                wait_cancelled = match start_cause {
+                    StartCause::WaitCancelled { .. } => mode == Mode::WaitUntil,
+                    _ => false,
+                }
+            }
+            Event::WindowEvent { event, .. } => match event {
+                WindowEvent::CloseRequested => {
+                    close_requested = true;
+                }
+                WindowEvent::KeyboardInput {
+                    input:
+                        KeyboardInput {
+                            virtual_keycode: Some(virtual_code),
+                            state: ElementState::Pressed,
+                            ..
+                        },
+                    ..
+                } => match virtual_code {
+                    VirtualKeyCode::Key1 => {
+                        mode = Mode::Wait;
+                        println!("\nmode: {:?}\n", mode);
+                    }
+                    VirtualKeyCode::Key2 => {
+                        mode = Mode::WaitUntil;
+                        println!("\nmode: {:?}\n", mode);
+                    }
+                    VirtualKeyCode::Key3 => {
+                        mode = Mode::Poll;
+                        println!("\nmode: {:?}\n", mode);
+                    }
+                    VirtualKeyCode::R => {
+                        request_redraw = !request_redraw;
+                        println!("\nrequest_redraw: {}\n", request_redraw);
+                    }
+                    VirtualKeyCode::Escape => {
+                        close_requested = true;
+                    }
+                    _ => (),
                 },
                 _ => (),
             },
-            WindowEvent::RedrawRequested => {
-                let window = self.window.as_ref().unwrap();
-                window.pre_present_notify();
-                fill::fill_window(window.as_ref());
-            },
+            Event::MainEventsCleared => {
+                if request_redraw && !wait_cancelled && !close_requested {
+                    window.request_redraw();
+                }
+                if close_requested {
+                    *control_flow = ControlFlow::Exit;
+                }
+            }
+            Event::RedrawRequested(_window_id) => {}
+            Event::RedrawEventsCleared => {
+                *control_flow = match mode {
+                    Mode::Wait => ControlFlow::Wait,
+                    Mode::WaitUntil => {
+                        if wait_cancelled {
+                            *control_flow
+                        } else {
+                            ControlFlow::WaitUntil(time::Instant::now() + WAIT_TIME)
+                        }
+                    }
+                    Mode::Poll => {
+                        thread::sleep(POLL_SLEEP_TIME);
+                        ControlFlow::Poll
+                    }
+                };
+            }
             _ => (),
         }
-    }
-
-    fn about_to_wait(&mut self, event_loop: &dyn ActiveEventLoop) {
-        if self.request_redraw && !self.wait_cancelled && !self.close_requested {
-            self.window.as_ref().unwrap().request_redraw();
-        }
-
-        match self.mode {
-            Mode::Wait => event_loop.set_control_flow(ControlFlow::Wait),
-            Mode::WaitUntil => {
-                if !self.wait_cancelled {
-                    event_loop
-                        .set_control_flow(ControlFlow::WaitUntil(time::Instant::now() + WAIT_TIME));
-                }
-            },
-            Mode::Poll => {
-                thread::sleep(POLL_SLEEP_TIME);
-                event_loop.set_control_flow(ControlFlow::Poll);
-            },
-        };
-
-        if self.close_requested {
-            event_loop.exit();
-        }
-    }
+    });
 }

examples/cursor.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+use simple_logger::SimpleLogger;
+use winit::{
+    event::{ElementState, Event, KeyboardInput, WindowEvent},
+    event_loop::{ControlFlow, EventLoop},
+    window::{CursorIcon, WindowBuilder},
+};
+
+fn main() {
+    SimpleLogger::new().init().unwrap();
+    let event_loop = EventLoop::new();
+
+    let window = WindowBuilder::new().build(&event_loop).unwrap();
+    window.set_title("A fantastic window!");
+
+    let mut cursor_idx = 0;
+
+    event_loop.run(move |event, _, control_flow| {
+        *control_flow = ControlFlow::Wait;
+
+        match event {
+            Event::WindowEvent {
+                event:
+                    WindowEvent::KeyboardInput {
+                        input:
+                            KeyboardInput {
+                                state: ElementState::Pressed,
+                                ..
+                            },
+                        ..
+                    },
+                ..
+            } => {
+                println!("Setting cursor to \"{:?}\"", CURSORS[cursor_idx]);
+                window.set_cursor_icon(CURSORS[cursor_idx]);
+                if cursor_idx < CURSORS.len() - 1 {
+                    cursor_idx += 1;
+                } else {
+                    cursor_idx = 0;
+                }
+            }
+            Event::WindowEvent {
+                event: WindowEvent::CloseRequested,
+                ..
+            } => {
+                *control_flow = ControlFlow::Exit;
+                return;
+            }
+            _ => (),
+        }
+    });
+}
+
+const CURSORS: &[CursorIcon] = &[
+    CursorIcon::Default,
+    CursorIcon::Crosshair,
+    CursorIcon::Hand,
+    CursorIcon::Arrow,
+    CursorIcon::Move,
+    CursorIcon::Text,
+    CursorIcon::Wait,
+    CursorIcon::Help,
+    CursorIcon::Progress,
+    CursorIcon::NotAllowed,
+    CursorIcon::ContextMenu,
+    CursorIcon::Cell,
+    CursorIcon::VerticalText,
+    CursorIcon::Alias,
+    CursorIcon::Copy,
+    CursorIcon::NoDrop,
+    CursorIcon::Grab,
+    CursorIcon::Grabbing,
+    CursorIcon::AllScroll,
+    CursorIcon::ZoomIn,
+    CursorIcon::ZoomOut,
+    CursorIcon::EResize,
+    CursorIcon::NResize,
+    CursorIcon::NeResize,
+    CursorIcon::NwResize,
+    CursorIcon::SResize,
+    CursorIcon::SeResize,
+    CursorIcon::SwResize,
+    CursorIcon::WResize,
+    CursorIcon::EwResize,
+    CursorIcon::NsResize,
+    CursorIcon::NeswResize,
+    CursorIcon::NwseResize,
+    CursorIcon::ColResize,
+    CursorIcon::RowResize,
+];

examples/cursor_grab.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+use simple_logger::SimpleLogger;
+use winit::{
+    event::{DeviceEvent, ElementState, Event, KeyboardInput, ModifiersState, WindowEvent},
+    event_loop::{ControlFlow, EventLoop},
+    window::WindowBuilder,
+};
+
+fn main() {
+    SimpleLogger::new().init().unwrap();
+    let event_loop = EventLoop::new();
+
+    let window = WindowBuilder::new()
+        .with_title("Super Cursor Grab'n'Hide Simulator 9000")
+        .build(&event_loop)
+        .unwrap();
+
+    let mut modifiers = ModifiersState::default();
+
+    event_loop.run(move |event, _, control_flow| {
+        *control_flow = ControlFlow::Wait;
+
+        match event {
+            Event::WindowEvent { event, .. } => match event {
+                WindowEvent::CloseRequested => *control_flow = ControlFlow::Exit,
+                WindowEvent::KeyboardInput {
+                    input:
+                        KeyboardInput {
+                            state: ElementState::Released,
+                            virtual_keycode: Some(key),
+                            ..
+                        },
+                    ..
+                } => {
+                    use winit::event::VirtualKeyCode::*;
+                    match key {
+                        Escape => *control_flow = ControlFlow::Exit,
+                        G => window.set_cursor_grab(!modifiers.shift()).unwrap(),
+                        H => window.set_cursor_visible(modifiers.shift()),
+                        _ => (),
+                    }
+                }
+                WindowEvent::ModifiersChanged(m) => modifiers = m,
+                _ => (),
+            },
+            Event::DeviceEvent { event, .. } => match event {
+                DeviceEvent::MouseMotion { delta } => println!("mouse moved: {:?}", delta),
+                DeviceEvent::Button { button, state } => match state {
+                    ElementState::Pressed => println!("mouse button {} pressed", button),
+                    ElementState::Released => println!("mouse button {} released", button),
+                },
+                _ => (),
+            },
+            _ => (),
+        }
+    });
+}

examples/custom_events.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+#[cfg(not(target_arch = "wasm32"))]
+fn main() {
+    use simple_logger::SimpleLogger;
+    use winit::{
+        event::{Event, WindowEvent},
+        event_loop::{ControlFlow, EventLoop},
+        window::WindowBuilder,
+    };
+
+    #[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy)]
+    enum CustomEvent {
+        Timer,
+    }
+
+    SimpleLogger::new().init().unwrap();
+    let event_loop = EventLoop::<CustomEvent>::with_user_event();
+
+    let _window = WindowBuilder::new()
+        .with_title("A fantastic window!")
+        .build(&event_loop)
+        .unwrap();
+
+    // `EventLoopProxy` allows you to dispatch custom events to the main Winit event
+    // loop from any thread.
+    let event_loop_proxy = event_loop.create_proxy();
+
+    std::thread::spawn(move || {
+        // Wake up the `event_loop` once every second and dispatch a custom event
+        // from a different thread.
+        loop {
+            std::thread::sleep(std::time::Duration::from_secs(1));
+            event_loop_proxy.send_event(CustomEvent::Timer).ok();
+        }
+    });
+
+    event_loop.run(move |event, _, control_flow| {
+        *control_flow = ControlFlow::Wait;
+
+        match event {
+            Event::UserEvent(event) => println!("user event: {:?}", event),
+            Event::WindowEvent {
+                event: WindowEvent::CloseRequested,
+                ..
+            } => *control_flow = ControlFlow::Exit,
+            _ => (),
+        }
+    });
+}
+
+#[cfg(target_arch = "wasm32")]
+fn main() {
+    panic!("This example is not supported on web.");
+}

examples/dnd.rs

@@ -1,65 +0,0 @@
-use std::error::Error;
-
-use winit::application::ApplicationHandler;
-use winit::event::WindowEvent;
-use winit::event_loop::{ActiveEventLoop, EventLoop};
-use winit::window::{Window, WindowAttributes, WindowId};
-
-#[path = "util/fill.rs"]
-mod fill;
-#[path = "util/tracing.rs"]
-mod tracing;
-
-fn main() -> Result<(), Box<dyn Error>> {
-    tracing::init();
-
-    let event_loop = EventLoop::new()?;
-
-    let app = Application::new();
-    Ok(event_loop.run_app(app)?)
-}
-
-/// Application state and event handling.
-#[derive(Debug)]
-struct Application {
-    window: Option<Box<dyn Window>>,
-}
-
-impl Application {
-    fn new() -> Self {
-        Self { window: None }
-    }
-}
-
-impl ApplicationHandler for Application {
-    fn can_create_surfaces(&mut self, event_loop: &dyn ActiveEventLoop) {
-        let window_attributes =
-            WindowAttributes::default().with_title("Drag and drop files on me!");
-        self.window = Some(event_loop.create_window(window_attributes).unwrap());
-    }
-
-    fn window_event(
-        &mut self,
-        event_loop: &dyn ActiveEventLoop,
-        _window_id: WindowId,
-        event: WindowEvent,
-    ) {
-        match event {
-            WindowEvent::DragLeft { .. }
-            | WindowEvent::DragEntered { .. }
-            | WindowEvent::DragMoved { .. }
-            | WindowEvent::DragDropped { .. } => {
-                println!("{event:?}");
-            },
-            WindowEvent::RedrawRequested => {
-                let window = self.window.as_ref().unwrap();
-                window.pre_present_notify();
-                fill::fill_window(window.as_ref());
-            },
-            WindowEvent::CloseRequested => {
-                event_loop.exit();
-            },
-            _ => {},
-        }
-    }
-}

examples/drag_window.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+use simple_logger::SimpleLogger;
+use winit::{
+    event::{
+        ElementState, Event, KeyboardInput, MouseButton, StartCause, VirtualKeyCode, WindowEvent,
+    },
+    event_loop::{ControlFlow, EventLoop},
+    window::{Window, WindowBuilder, WindowId},
+};
+
+fn main() {
+    SimpleLogger::new().init().unwrap();
+    let event_loop = EventLoop::new();
+
+    let window_1 = WindowBuilder::new().build(&event_loop).unwrap();
+    let window_2 = WindowBuilder::new().build(&event_loop).unwrap();
+
+    let mut switched = false;
+    let mut entered_id = window_2.id();
+
+    event_loop.run(move |event, _, control_flow| match event {
+        Event::NewEvents(StartCause::Init) => {
+            eprintln!("Switch which window is to be dragged by pressing \"x\".")
+        }
+        Event::WindowEvent { event, window_id } => match event {
+            WindowEvent::CloseRequested => *control_flow = ControlFlow::Exit,
+            WindowEvent::MouseInput {
+                state: ElementState::Pressed,
+                button: MouseButton::Left,
+                ..
+            } => {
+                let window = if (window_id == window_1.id() && switched)
+                    || (window_id == window_2.id() && !switched)
+                {
+                    &window_2
+                } else {
+                    &window_1
+                };
+
+                window.drag_window().unwrap()
+            }
+            WindowEvent::CursorEntered { .. } => {
+                entered_id = window_id;
+                name_windows(entered_id, switched, &window_1, &window_2)
+            }
+            WindowEvent::KeyboardInput {
+                input:
+                    KeyboardInput {
+                        state: ElementState::Released,
+                        virtual_keycode: Some(VirtualKeyCode::X),
+                        ..
+                    },
+                ..
+            } => {
+                switched = !switched;
+                name_windows(entered_id, switched, &window_1, &window_2);
+                println!("Switched!")
+            }
+            _ => (),
+        },
+        _ => (),
+    });
+}
+
+fn name_windows(window_id: WindowId, switched: bool, window_1: &Window, window_2: &Window) {
+    let (drag_target, other) =
+        if (window_id == window_1.id() && switched) || (window_id == window_2.id() && !switched) {
+            (&window_2, &window_1)
+        } else {
+            (&window_1, &window_2)
+        };
+    drag_target.set_title("drag target");
+    other.set_title("winit window");
+}

examples/fullscreen.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,118 @@
+use std::io::{stdin, stdout, Write};
+
+use simple_logger::SimpleLogger;
+use winit::event::{ElementState, Event, KeyboardInput, VirtualKeyCode, WindowEvent};
+use winit::event_loop::{ControlFlow, EventLoop};
+use winit::monitor::{MonitorHandle, VideoMode};
+use winit::window::{Fullscreen, WindowBuilder};
+
+fn main() {
+    SimpleLogger::new().init().unwrap();
+    let event_loop = EventLoop::new();
+
+    print!("Please choose the fullscreen mode: (1) exclusive, (2) borderless: ");
+    stdout().flush().unwrap();
+
+    let mut num = String::new();
+    stdin().read_line(&mut num).unwrap();
+    let num = num.trim().parse().ok().expect("Please enter a number");
+
+    let fullscreen = Some(match num {
+        1 => Fullscreen::Exclusive(prompt_for_video_mode(&prompt_for_monitor(&event_loop))),
+        2 => Fullscreen::Borderless(Some(prompt_for_monitor(&event_loop))),
+        _ => panic!("Please enter a valid number"),
+    });
+
+    let mut decorations = true;
+
+    let window = WindowBuilder::new()
+        .with_title("Hello world!")
+        .with_fullscreen(fullscreen.clone())
+        .build(&event_loop)
+        .unwrap();
+
+    event_loop.run(move |event, _, control_flow| {
+        *control_flow = ControlFlow::Wait;
+
+        match event {
+            Event::WindowEvent { event, .. } => match event {
+                WindowEvent::CloseRequested => *control_flow = ControlFlow::Exit,
+                WindowEvent::KeyboardInput {
+                    input:
+                        KeyboardInput {
+                            virtual_keycode: Some(virtual_code),
+                            state,
+                            ..
+                        },
+                    ..
+                } => match (virtual_code, state) {
+                    (VirtualKeyCode::Escape, _) => *control_flow = ControlFlow::Exit,
+                    (VirtualKeyCode::F, ElementState::Pressed) => {
+                        if window.fullscreen().is_some() {
+                            window.set_fullscreen(None);
+                        } else {
+                            window.set_fullscreen(fullscreen.clone());
+                        }
+                    }
+                    (VirtualKeyCode::S, ElementState::Pressed) => {
+                        println!("window.fullscreen {:?}", window.fullscreen());
+                    }
+                    (VirtualKeyCode::M, ElementState::Pressed) => {
+                        let is_maximized = window.is_maximized();
+                        window.set_maximized(!is_maximized);
+                    }
+                    (VirtualKeyCode::D, ElementState::Pressed) => {
+                        decorations = !decorations;
+                        window.set_decorations(decorations);
+                    }
+                    _ => (),
+                },
+                _ => (),
+            },
+            _ => {}
+        }
+    });
+}
+
+// Enumerate monitors and prompt user to choose one
+fn prompt_for_monitor(event_loop: &EventLoop<()>) -> MonitorHandle {
+    for (num, monitor) in event_loop.available_monitors().enumerate() {
+        println!("Monitor #{}: {:?}", num, monitor.name());
+    }
+
+    print!("Please write the number of the monitor to use: ");
+    stdout().flush().unwrap();
+
+    let mut num = String::new();
+    stdin().read_line(&mut num).unwrap();
+    let num = num.trim().parse().ok().expect("Please enter a number");
+    let monitor = event_loop
+        .available_monitors()
+        .nth(num)
+        .expect("Please enter a valid ID");
+
+    println!("Using {:?}", monitor.name());
+
+    monitor
+}
+
+fn prompt_for_video_mode(monitor: &MonitorHandle) -> VideoMode {
+    for (i, video_mode) in monitor.video_modes().enumerate() {
+        println!("Video mode #{}: {}", i, video_mode);
+    }
+
+    print!("Please write the number of the video mode to use: ");
+    stdout().flush().unwrap();
+
+    let mut num = String::new();
+    stdin().read_line(&mut num).unwrap();
+    let num = num.trim().parse().ok().expect("Please enter a number");
+    let video_mode = monitor
+        .video_modes()
+        .nth(num)
+        .expect("Please enter a valid ID");
+
+    println!("Using {}", video_mode);
+
+    video_mode
+}

examples/handling_close.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+use simple_logger::SimpleLogger;
+use winit::{
+    event::{Event, KeyboardInput, WindowEvent},
+    event_loop::{ControlFlow, EventLoop},
+    window::WindowBuilder,
+};
+
+fn main() {
+    SimpleLogger::new().init().unwrap();
+    let event_loop = EventLoop::new();
+
+    let _window = WindowBuilder::new()
+        .with_title("Your faithful window")
+        .build(&event_loop)
+        .unwrap();
+
+    let mut close_requested = false;
+
+    event_loop.run(move |event, _, control_flow| {
+        use winit::event::{
+            ElementState::Released,
+            VirtualKeyCode::{N, Y},
+        };
+        *control_flow = ControlFlow::Wait;
+
+        match event {
+            Event::WindowEvent { event, .. } => {
+                match event {
+                    WindowEvent::CloseRequested => {
+                        // `CloseRequested` is sent when the close button on the window is pressed (or
+                        // through whatever other mechanisms the window manager provides for closing a
+                        // window). If you don't handle this event, the close button won't actually do
+                        // anything.
+
+                        // A common thing to do here is prompt the user if they have unsaved work.
+                        // Creating a proper dialog box for that is far beyond the scope of this
+                        // example, so here we'll just respond to the Y and N keys.
+                        println!("Are you ready to bid your window farewell? [Y/N]");
+                        close_requested = true;
+
+                        // In applications where you can safely close the window without further
+                        // action from the user, this is generally where you'd handle cleanup before
+                        // closing the window. How to close the window is detailed in the handler for
+                        // the Y key.
+                    }
+                    WindowEvent::KeyboardInput {
+                        input:
+                            KeyboardInput {
+                                virtual_keycode: Some(virtual_code),
+                                state: Released,
+                                ..
+                            },
+                        ..
+                    } => {
+                        match virtual_code {
+                            Y => {
+                                if close_requested {
+                                    // This is where you'll want to do any cleanup you need.
+                                    println!("Buh-bye!");
+
+                                    // For a single-window application like this, you'd normally just
+                                    // break out of the event loop here. If you wanted to keep running the
+                                    // event loop (i.e. if it's a multi-window application), you need to
+                                    // drop the window. That closes it, and results in `Destroyed` being
+                                    // sent.
+                                    *control_flow = ControlFlow::Exit;
+                                }
+                            }
+                            N => {
+                                if close_requested {
+                                    println!("Your window will continue to stay by your side.");
+                                    close_requested = false;
+                                }
+                            }
+                            _ => (),
+                        }
+                    }
+                    _ => (),
+                }
+            }
+            _ => (),
+        }
+    });
+}

examples/min_max_size.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+use simple_logger::SimpleLogger;
+use winit::{
+    dpi::LogicalSize,
+    event::{Event, WindowEvent},
+    event_loop::{ControlFlow, EventLoop},
+    window::WindowBuilder,
+};
+
+fn main() {
+    SimpleLogger::new().init().unwrap();
+    let event_loop = EventLoop::new();
+
+    let window = WindowBuilder::new().build(&event_loop).unwrap();
+
+    window.set_min_inner_size(Some(LogicalSize::new(400.0, 200.0)));
+    window.set_max_inner_size(Some(LogicalSize::new(800.0, 400.0)));
+
+    event_loop.run(move |event, _, control_flow| {
+        *control_flow = ControlFlow::Wait;
+        println!("{:?}", event);
+
+        match event {
+            Event::WindowEvent {
+                event: WindowEvent::CloseRequested,
+                ..
+            } => *control_flow = ControlFlow::Exit,
+            _ => (),
+        }
+    });
+}

examples/minimize.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+extern crate winit;
+
+use simple_logger::SimpleLogger;
+use winit::event::{Event, VirtualKeyCode, WindowEvent};
+use winit::event_loop::{ControlFlow, EventLoop};
+use winit::window::WindowBuilder;
+
+fn main() {
+    SimpleLogger::new().init().unwrap();
+    let event_loop = EventLoop::new();
+
+    let window = WindowBuilder::new()
+        .with_title("A fantastic window!")
+        .build(&event_loop)
+        .unwrap();
+
+    event_loop.run(move |event, _, control_flow| {
+        *control_flow = ControlFlow::Wait;
+
+        match event {
+            Event::WindowEvent {
+                event: WindowEvent::CloseRequested,
+                ..
+            } => *control_flow = ControlFlow::Exit,
+
+            // Keyboard input event to handle minimize via a hotkey
+            Event::WindowEvent {
+                event: WindowEvent::KeyboardInput { input, .. },
+                window_id,
+            } => {
+                if window_id == window.id() {
+                    // Pressing the 'M' key will minimize the window
+                    if input.virtual_keycode == Some(VirtualKeyCode::M) {
+                        window.set_minimized(true);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            _ => (),
+        }
+    });
+}

examples/monitor_list.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+use simple_logger::SimpleLogger;
+use winit::{event_loop::EventLoop, window::WindowBuilder};
+
+fn main() {
+    SimpleLogger::new().init().unwrap();
+    let event_loop = EventLoop::new();
+    let window = WindowBuilder::new().build(&event_loop).unwrap();
+
+    dbg!(window.available_monitors().collect::<Vec<_>>());
+    dbg!(window.primary_monitor());
+}

examples/mouse_wheel.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+use simple_logger::SimpleLogger;
+use winit::{
+    event::{DeviceEvent, Event, WindowEvent},
+    event_loop::{ControlFlow, EventLoop},
+    window::WindowBuilder,
+};
+
+fn main() {
+    SimpleLogger::new().init().unwrap();
+    let event_loop = EventLoop::new();
+
+    let window = WindowBuilder::new()
+        .with_title("Mouse Wheel events")
+        .build(&event_loop)
+        .unwrap();
+
+    event_loop.run(move |event, _, control_flow| {
+        *control_flow = ControlFlow::Wait;
+
+        match event {
+            Event::WindowEvent { event, .. } => match event {
+                WindowEvent::CloseRequested => *control_flow = ControlFlow::Exit,
+                _ => (),
+            },
+            Event::DeviceEvent { event, .. } => match event {
+                DeviceEvent::MouseWheel { delta } => match delta {
+                    winit::event::MouseScrollDelta::LineDelta(x, y) => {
+                        println!("mouse wheel Line Delta: ({},{})", x, y);
+                        let pixels_per_line = 120.0;
+                        let mut pos = window.outer_position().unwrap();
+                        pos.x -= (x * pixels_per_line) as i32;
+                        pos.y -= (y * pixels_per_line) as i32;
+                        window.set_outer_position(pos)
+                    }
+                    winit::event::MouseScrollDelta::PixelDelta(p) => {
+                        println!("mouse wheel Pixel Delta: ({},{})", p.x, p.y);
+                        let mut pos = window.outer_position().unwrap();
+                        pos.x -= p.x as i32;
+                        pos.y -= p.y as i32;
+                        window.set_outer_position(pos)
+                    }
+                },
+                _ => (),
+            },
+            _ => (),
+        }
+    });
+}

examples/multithreaded.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,184 @@
+#[cfg(not(target_arch = "wasm32"))]
+fn main() {
+    use std::{collections::HashMap, sync::mpsc, thread, time::Duration};
+
+    use simple_logger::SimpleLogger;
+    use winit::{
+        dpi::{PhysicalPosition, PhysicalSize, Position, Size},
+        event::{ElementState, Event, KeyboardInput, VirtualKeyCode, WindowEvent},
+        event_loop::{ControlFlow, EventLoop},
+        window::{CursorIcon, Fullscreen, WindowBuilder},
+    };
+
+    const WINDOW_COUNT: usize = 3;
+    const WINDOW_SIZE: PhysicalSize<u32> = PhysicalSize::new(600, 400);
+
+    SimpleLogger::new().init().unwrap();
+    let event_loop = EventLoop::new();
+    let mut window_senders = HashMap::with_capacity(WINDOW_COUNT);
+    for _ in 0..WINDOW_COUNT {
+        let window = WindowBuilder::new()
+            .with_inner_size(WINDOW_SIZE)
+            .build(&event_loop)
+            .unwrap();
+
+        let mut video_modes: Vec<_> = window.current_monitor().unwrap().video_modes().collect();
+        let mut video_mode_id = 0usize;
+
+        let (tx, rx) = mpsc::channel();
+        window_senders.insert(window.id(), tx);
+        thread::spawn(move || {
+            while let Ok(event) = rx.recv() {
+                match event {
+                    WindowEvent::Moved { .. } => {
+                        // We need to update our chosen video mode if the window
+                        // was moved to an another monitor, so that the window
+                        // appears on this monitor instead when we go fullscreen
+                        let previous_video_mode = video_modes.iter().cloned().nth(video_mode_id);
+                        video_modes = window.current_monitor().unwrap().video_modes().collect();
+                        video_mode_id = video_mode_id.min(video_modes.len());
+                        let video_mode = video_modes.iter().nth(video_mode_id);
+
+                        // Different monitors may support different video modes,
+                        // and the index we chose previously may now point to a
+                        // completely different video mode, so notify the user
+                        if video_mode != previous_video_mode.as_ref() {
+                            println!(
+                                "Window moved to another monitor, picked video mode: {}",
+                                video_modes.iter().nth(video_mode_id).unwrap()
+                            );
+                        }
+                    }
+                    #[allow(deprecated)]
+                    WindowEvent::KeyboardInput {
+                        input:
+                            KeyboardInput {
+                                state: ElementState::Released,
+                                virtual_keycode: Some(key),
+                                modifiers,
+                                ..
+                            },
+                        ..
+                    } => {
+                        window.set_title(&format!("{:?}", key));
+                        let state = !modifiers.shift();
+                        use VirtualKeyCode::*;
+                        match key {
+                            A => window.set_always_on_top(state),
+                            C => window.set_cursor_icon(match state {
+                                true => CursorIcon::Progress,
+                                false => CursorIcon::Default,
+                            }),
+                            D => window.set_decorations(!state),
+                            // Cycle through video modes
+                            Right | Left => {
+                                video_mode_id = match key {
+                                    Left => video_mode_id.saturating_sub(1),
+                                    Right => (video_modes.len() - 1).min(video_mode_id + 1),
+                                    _ => unreachable!(),
+                                };
+                                println!(
+                                    "Picking video mode: {}",
+                                    video_modes.iter().nth(video_mode_id).unwrap()
+                                );
+                            }
+                            F => window.set_fullscreen(match (state, modifiers.alt()) {
+                                (true, false) => Some(Fullscreen::Borderless(None)),
+                                (true, true) => Some(Fullscreen::Exclusive(
+                                    video_modes.iter().nth(video_mode_id).unwrap().clone(),
+                                )),
+                                (false, _) => None,
+                            }),
+                            G => window.set_cursor_grab(state).unwrap(),
+                            H => window.set_cursor_visible(!state),
+                            I => {
+                                println!("Info:");
+                                println!("-> outer_position : {:?}", window.outer_position());
+                                println!("-> inner_position : {:?}", window.inner_position());
+                                println!("-> outer_size     : {:?}", window.outer_size());
+                                println!("-> inner_size     : {:?}", window.inner_size());
+                                println!("-> fullscreen     : {:?}", window.fullscreen());
+                            }
+                            L => window.set_min_inner_size(match state {
+                                true => Some(WINDOW_SIZE),
+                                false => None,
+                            }),
+                            M => window.set_maximized(state),
+                            P => window.set_outer_position({
+                                let mut position = window.outer_position().unwrap();
+                                let sign = if state { 1 } else { -1 };
+                                position.x += 10 * sign;
+                                position.y += 10 * sign;
+                                position
+                            }),
+                            Q => window.request_redraw(),
+                            R => window.set_resizable(state),
+                            S => window.set_inner_size(match state {
+                                true => PhysicalSize::new(
+                                    WINDOW_SIZE.width + 100,
+                                    WINDOW_SIZE.height + 100,
+                                ),
+                                false => WINDOW_SIZE,
+                            }),
+                            W => {
+                                if let Size::Physical(size) = WINDOW_SIZE.into() {
+                                    window
+                                        .set_cursor_position(Position::Physical(
+                                            PhysicalPosition::new(
+                                                size.width as i32 / 2,
+                                                size.height as i32 / 2,
+                                            ),
+                                        ))
+                                        .unwrap()
+                                }
+                            }
+                            Z => {
+                                window.set_visible(false);
+                                thread::sleep(Duration::from_secs(1));
+                                window.set_visible(true);
+                            }
+                            _ => (),
+                        }
+                    }
+                    _ => (),
+                }
+            }
+        });
+    }
+    event_loop.run(move |event, _event_loop, control_flow| {
+        *control_flow = match !window_senders.is_empty() {
+            true => ControlFlow::Wait,
+            false => ControlFlow::Exit,
+        };
+        match event {
+            Event::WindowEvent { event, window_id } => match event {
+                WindowEvent::CloseRequested
+                | WindowEvent::Destroyed
+                | WindowEvent::KeyboardInput {
+                    input:
+                        KeyboardInput {
+                            state: ElementState::Released,
+                            virtual_keycode: Some(VirtualKeyCode::Escape),
+                            ..
+                        },
+                    ..
+                } => {
+                    window_senders.remove(&window_id);
+                }
+                _ => {
+                    if let Some(tx) = window_senders.get(&window_id) {
+                        if let Some(event) = event.to_static() {
+                            tx.send(event).unwrap();
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            },
+            _ => (),
+        }
+    })
+}
+
+#[cfg(target_arch = "wasm32")]
+fn main() {
+    panic!("Example not supported on Wasm");
+}

examples/multiwindow.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+use std::collections::HashMap;
+
+use simple_logger::SimpleLogger;
+use winit::{
+    event::{ElementState, Event, KeyboardInput, WindowEvent},
+    event_loop::{ControlFlow, EventLoop},
+    window::Window,
+};
+
+fn main() {
+    SimpleLogger::new().init().unwrap();
+    let event_loop = EventLoop::new();
+
+    let mut windows = HashMap::new();
+    for _ in 0..3 {
+        let window = Window::new(&event_loop).unwrap();
+        windows.insert(window.id(), window);
+    }
+
+    event_loop.run(move |event, event_loop, control_flow| {
+        *control_flow = ControlFlow::Wait;
+
+        match event {
+            Event::WindowEvent { event, window_id } => {
+                match event {
+                    WindowEvent::CloseRequested => {
+                        println!("Window {:?} has received the signal to close", window_id);
+
+                        // This drops the window, causing it to close.
+                        windows.remove(&window_id);
+
+                        if windows.is_empty() {
+                            *control_flow = ControlFlow::Exit;
+                        }
+                    }
+                    WindowEvent::KeyboardInput {
+                        input:
+                            KeyboardInput {
+                                state: ElementState::Pressed,
+                                ..
+                            },
+                        ..
+                    } => {
+                        let window = Window::new(&event_loop).unwrap();
+                        windows.insert(window.id(), window);
+                    }
+                    _ => (),
+                }
+            }
+            _ => (),
+        }
+    })
+}

examples/pump_events.rs

@@ -1,80 +0,0 @@
-#![allow(clippy::single_match)]
-
-// Limit this example to only compatible platforms.
-#[cfg(any(windows_platform, macos_platform, x11_platform, wayland_platform, android_platform,))]
-fn main() -> std::process::ExitCode {
-    use std::process::ExitCode;
-    use std::thread::sleep;
-    use std::time::Duration;
-
-    use winit::application::ApplicationHandler;
-    use winit::event::WindowEvent;
-    use winit::event_loop::pump_events::{EventLoopExtPumpEvents, PumpStatus};
-    use winit::event_loop::{ActiveEventLoop, EventLoop};
-    use winit::window::{Window, WindowAttributes, WindowId};
-
-    #[path = "util/fill.rs"]
-    mod fill;
-
-    #[derive(Default, Debug)]
-    struct PumpDemo {
-        window: Option<Box<dyn Window>>,
-    }
-
-    impl ApplicationHandler for PumpDemo {
-        fn can_create_surfaces(&mut self, event_loop: &dyn ActiveEventLoop) {
-            let window_attributes = WindowAttributes::default().with_title("A fantastic window!");
-            self.window = Some(event_loop.create_window(window_attributes).unwrap());
-        }
-
-        fn window_event(
-            &mut self,
-            event_loop: &dyn ActiveEventLoop,
-            _window_id: WindowId,
-            event: WindowEvent,
-        ) {
-            println!("{event:?}");
-
-            let window = match self.window.as_ref() {
-                Some(window) => window,
-                None => return,
-            };
-
-            match event {
-                WindowEvent::CloseRequested => event_loop.exit(),
-                WindowEvent::RedrawRequested => {
-                    fill::fill_window(window.as_ref());
-                    window.request_redraw();
-                },
-                _ => (),
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    let mut event_loop = EventLoop::new().unwrap();
-
-    tracing_subscriber::fmt::init();
-
-    let mut app = PumpDemo::default();
-
-    loop {
-        let timeout = Some(Duration::ZERO);
-        let status = event_loop.pump_app_events(timeout, &mut app);
-
-        if let PumpStatus::Exit(exit_code) = status {
-            break ExitCode::from(exit_code as u8);
-        }
-
-        // Sleep for 1/60 second to simulate application work
-        //
-        // Since `pump_events` doesn't block it will be important to
-        // throttle the loop in the app somehow.
-        println!("Update()");
-        sleep(Duration::from_millis(16));
-    }
-}
-
-#[cfg(any(ios_platform, web_platform, orbital_platform))]
-fn main() {
-    println!("This platform doesn't support pump_events.");
-}

examples/request_redraw.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+use simple_logger::SimpleLogger;
+use winit::{
+    event::{ElementState, Event, WindowEvent},
+    event_loop::{ControlFlow, EventLoop},
+    window::WindowBuilder,
+};
+
+fn main() {
+    SimpleLogger::new().init().unwrap();
+    let event_loop = EventLoop::new();
+
+    let window = WindowBuilder::new()
+        .with_title("A fantastic window!")
+        .build(&event_loop)
+        .unwrap();
+
+    event_loop.run(move |event, _, control_flow| {
+        println!("{:?}", event);
+
+        *control_flow = ControlFlow::Wait;
+
+        match event {
+            Event::WindowEvent { event, .. } => match event {
+                WindowEvent::CloseRequested => *control_flow = ControlFlow::Exit,
+                WindowEvent::MouseInput {
+                    state: ElementState::Released,
+                    ..
+                } => {
+                    window.request_redraw();
+                }
+                _ => (),
+            },
+            Event::RedrawRequested(_) => {
+                println!("\nredrawing!\n");
+            }
+            _ => (),
+        }
+    });
+}

examples/request_redraw_threaded.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+use std::{thread, time};
+
+use simple_logger::SimpleLogger;
+use winit::{
+    event::{Event, WindowEvent},
+    event_loop::{ControlFlow, EventLoop},
+    window::WindowBuilder,
+};
+
+fn main() {
+    SimpleLogger::new().init().unwrap();
+    let event_loop = EventLoop::new();
+
+    let window = WindowBuilder::new()
+        .with_title("A fantastic window!")
+        .build(&event_loop)
+        .unwrap();
+
+    thread::spawn(move || loop {
+        thread::sleep(time::Duration::from_secs(1));
+        window.request_redraw();
+    });
+
+    event_loop.run(move |event, _, control_flow| {
+        println!("{:?}", event);
+
+        *control_flow = ControlFlow::Wait;
+
+        match event {
+            Event::WindowEvent { event, .. } => match event {
+                WindowEvent::CloseRequested => *control_flow = ControlFlow::Exit,
+                _ => (),
+            },
+            Event::RedrawRequested(_) => {
+                println!("\nredrawing!\n");
+            }
+            _ => (),
+        }
+    });
+}

examples/resizable.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+use simple_logger::SimpleLogger;
+use winit::{
+    dpi::LogicalSize,
+    event::{ElementState, Event, KeyboardInput, VirtualKeyCode, WindowEvent},
+    event_loop::{ControlFlow, EventLoop},
+    window::WindowBuilder,
+};
+
+fn main() {
+    SimpleLogger::new().init().unwrap();
+    let event_loop = EventLoop::new();
+
+    let mut resizable = false;
+
+    let window = WindowBuilder::new()
+        .with_title("Hit space to toggle resizability.")
+        .with_inner_size(LogicalSize::new(400.0, 200.0))
+        .with_resizable(resizable)
+        .build(&event_loop)
+        .unwrap();
+
+    event_loop.run(move |event, _, control_flow| {
+        *control_flow = ControlFlow::Wait;
+
+        match event {
+            Event::WindowEvent { event, .. } => match event {
+                WindowEvent::CloseRequested => *control_flow = ControlFlow::Exit,
+                WindowEvent::KeyboardInput {
+                    input:
+                        KeyboardInput {
+                            virtual_keycode: Some(VirtualKeyCode::Space),
+                            state: ElementState::Released,
+                            ..
+                        },
+                    ..
+                } => {
+                    resizable = !resizable;
+                    println!("Resizable: {}", resizable);
+                    window.set_resizable(resizable);
+                }
+                _ => (),
+            },
+            _ => (),
+        };
+    });
+}

examples/run_on_demand.rs

@@ -1,99 +0,0 @@
-#![allow(clippy::single_match)]
-
-// Limit this example to only compatible platforms.
-#[cfg(any(windows_platform, macos_platform, x11_platform, wayland_platform,))]
-fn main() -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
-    use std::time::Duration;
-
-    use winit::application::ApplicationHandler;
-    use winit::event::WindowEvent;
-    use winit::event_loop::run_on_demand::EventLoopExtRunOnDemand;
-    use winit::event_loop::{ActiveEventLoop, EventLoop};
-    use winit::window::{Window, WindowAttributes, WindowId};
-
-    #[path = "util/fill.rs"]
-    mod fill;
-
-    #[derive(Default, Debug)]
-    struct App {
-        idx: usize,
-        window_id: Option<WindowId>,
-        window: Option<Box<dyn Window>>,
-    }
-
-    impl ApplicationHandler for App {
-        fn about_to_wait(&mut self, _event_loop: &dyn ActiveEventLoop) {
-            if let Some(window) = self.window.as_ref() {
-                window.request_redraw();
-            }
-        }
-
-        fn can_create_surfaces(&mut self, event_loop: &dyn ActiveEventLoop) {
-            let window_attributes = WindowAttributes::default()
-                .with_title("Fantastic window number one!")
-                .with_surface_size(winit::dpi::LogicalSize::new(128.0, 128.0));
-            let window = event_loop.create_window(window_attributes).unwrap();
-            self.window_id = Some(window.id());
-            self.window = Some(window);
-        }
-
-        fn window_event(
-            &mut self,
-            event_loop: &dyn ActiveEventLoop,
-            window_id: WindowId,
-            event: WindowEvent,
-        ) {
-            if event == WindowEvent::Destroyed && self.window_id == Some(window_id) {
-                println!(
-                    "--------------------------------------------------------- Window {} Destroyed",
-                    self.idx
-                );
-                self.window_id = None;
-                event_loop.exit();
-                return;
-            }
-
-            let window = match self.window.as_mut() {
-                Some(window) => window,
-                None => return,
-            };
-
-            match event {
-                WindowEvent::CloseRequested => {
-                    println!(
-                        "--------------------------------------------------------- Window {} \
-                         CloseRequested",
-                        self.idx
-                    );
-                    fill::cleanup_window(window.as_ref());
-                    self.window = None;
-                },
-                WindowEvent::RedrawRequested => {
-                    fill::fill_window(window.as_ref());
-                },
-                _ => (),
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    tracing_subscriber::fmt::init();
-
-    let mut event_loop = EventLoop::new().unwrap();
-
-    let mut app = App { idx: 1, ..Default::default() };
-    event_loop.run_app_on_demand(&mut app)?;
-
-    println!("--------------------------------------------------------- Finished first loop");
-    println!("--------------------------------------------------------- Waiting 5 seconds");
-    std::thread::sleep(Duration::from_secs(5));
-
-    app.idx += 1;
-    event_loop.run_app_on_demand(&mut app)?;
-    println!("--------------------------------------------------------- Finished second loop");
-    Ok(())
-}
-
-#[cfg(not(any(windows_platform, macos_platform, x11_platform, wayland_platform,)))]
-fn main() {
-    println!("This example is not supported on this platform");
-}

examples/set_ime_position.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+use simple_logger::SimpleLogger;
+use winit::{
+    dpi::PhysicalPosition,
+    event::{ElementState, Event, WindowEvent},
+    event_loop::{ControlFlow, EventLoop},
+    window::WindowBuilder,
+};
+
+fn main() {
+    SimpleLogger::new().init().unwrap();
+    let event_loop = EventLoop::new();
+
+    let window = WindowBuilder::new().build(&event_loop).unwrap();
+    window.set_title("A fantastic window!");
+
+    println!("Ime position will system default");
+    println!("Click to set ime position to cursor's");
+
+    let mut cursor_position = PhysicalPosition::new(0.0, 0.0);
+    event_loop.run(move |event, _, control_flow| {
+        *control_flow = ControlFlow::Wait;
+
+        match event {
+            Event::WindowEvent {
+                event: WindowEvent::CursorMoved { position, .. },
+                ..
+            } => {
+                cursor_position = position;
+            }
+            Event::WindowEvent {
+                event:
+                    WindowEvent::MouseInput {
+                        state: ElementState::Released,
+                        ..
+                    },
+                ..
+            } => {
+                println!(
+                    "Setting ime position to {}, {}",
+                    cursor_position.x, cursor_position.y
+                );
+                window.set_ime_position(cursor_position);
+            }
+            Event::WindowEvent {
+                event: WindowEvent::CloseRequested,
+                ..
+            } => {
+                *control_flow = ControlFlow::Exit;
+                return;
+            }
+            _ => (),
+        }
+    });
+}

examples/timer.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+use instant::Instant;
+use std::time::Duration;
+
+use simple_logger::SimpleLogger;
+use winit::{
+    event::{Event, StartCause, WindowEvent},
+    event_loop::{ControlFlow, EventLoop},
+    window::WindowBuilder,
+};
+
+fn main() {
+    SimpleLogger::new().init().unwrap();
+    let event_loop = EventLoop::new();
+
+    let _window = WindowBuilder::new()
+        .with_title("A fantastic window!")
+        .build(&event_loop)
+        .unwrap();
+
+    let timer_length = Duration::new(1, 0);
+
+    event_loop.run(move |event, _, control_flow| {
+        println!("{:?}", event);
+
+        match event {
+            Event::NewEvents(StartCause::Init) => {
+                *control_flow = ControlFlow::WaitUntil(Instant::now() + timer_length)
+            }
+            Event::NewEvents(StartCause::ResumeTimeReached { .. }) => {
+                *control_flow = ControlFlow::WaitUntil(Instant::now() + timer_length);
+                println!("\nTimer\n");
+            }
+            Event::WindowEvent {
+                event: WindowEvent::CloseRequested,
+                ..
+            } => *control_flow = ControlFlow::Exit,
+            _ => (),
+        }
+    });
+}

examples/transparent.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+use simple_logger::SimpleLogger;
+use winit::{
+    event::{Event, WindowEvent},
+    event_loop::{ControlFlow, EventLoop},
+    window::WindowBuilder,
+};
+
+fn main() {
+    SimpleLogger::new().init().unwrap();
+    let event_loop = EventLoop::new();
+
+    let window = WindowBuilder::new()
+        .with_decorations(false)
+        .with_transparent(true)
+        .build(&event_loop)
+        .unwrap();
+
+    window.set_title("A fantastic window!");
+
+    event_loop.run(move |event, _, control_flow| {
+        *control_flow = ControlFlow::Wait;
+        println!("{:?}", event);
+
+        match event {
+            Event::WindowEvent {
+                event: WindowEvent::CloseRequested,
+                ..
+            } => *control_flow = ControlFlow::Exit,
+            _ => (),
+        }
+    });
+}

examples/util/fill.rs

@@ -1,156 +0,0 @@
-//! Fill the window buffer with a solid color.
-//!
-//! Launching a window without drawing to it has unpredictable results varying from platform to
-//! platform. In order to have well-defined examples, this module provides an easy way to
-//! fill the window buffer with a solid color.
-//!
-//! The `softbuffer` crate is used, largely because of its ease of use. `glutin` or `wgpu` could
-//! also be used to fill the window buffer, but they are more complicated to use.
-
-#[allow(unused_imports)]
-pub use platform::cleanup_window;
-#[allow(unused_imports)]
-pub use platform::fill_window;
-#[allow(unused_imports)]
-pub use platform::fill_window_with_animated_color;
-#[allow(unused_imports)]
-pub use platform::fill_window_with_color;
-
-#[cfg(not(any(target_os = "android", target_os = "ios")))]
-mod platform {
-    use std::cell::RefCell;
-    use std::collections::HashMap;
-    use std::mem;
-    use std::mem::ManuallyDrop;
-    use std::num::NonZeroU32;
-    #[cfg(all(not(android_platform), not(web_platform)))]
-    use std::time::Instant;
-
-    use softbuffer::{Context, Surface};
-    #[cfg(all(web_platform, not(android_platform)))]
-    use web_time::Instant;
-    use winit::window::{Window, WindowId};
-
-    thread_local! {
-        // NOTE: You should never do things like that, create context and drop it before
-        // you drop the event loop. We do this for brevity to not blow up examples. We use
-        // ManuallyDrop to prevent destructors from running.
-        //
-        // A static, thread-local map of graphics contexts to open windows.
-        static GC: ManuallyDrop<RefCell<Option<GraphicsContext>>> = const { ManuallyDrop::new(RefCell::new(None)) };
-    }
-
-    /// The graphics context used to draw to a window.
-    struct GraphicsContext {
-        /// The global softbuffer context.
-        context: RefCell<Context<&'static dyn Window>>,
-
-        /// The hash map of window IDs to surfaces.
-        surfaces: HashMap<WindowId, Surface<&'static dyn Window, &'static dyn Window>>,
-    }
-
-    impl GraphicsContext {
-        fn new(w: &dyn Window) -> Self {
-            Self {
-                context: RefCell::new(
-                    Context::new(unsafe {
-                        mem::transmute::<&'_ dyn Window, &'static dyn Window>(w)
-                    })
-                    .expect("Failed to create a softbuffer context"),
-                ),
-                surfaces: HashMap::new(),
-            }
-        }
-
-        fn create_surface(
-            &mut self,
-            window: &dyn Window,
-        ) -> &mut Surface<&'static dyn Window, &'static dyn Window> {
-            self.surfaces.entry(window.id()).or_insert_with(|| {
-                Surface::new(&self.context.borrow(), unsafe {
-                    mem::transmute::<&'_ dyn Window, &'static dyn Window>(window)
-                })
-                .expect("Failed to create a softbuffer surface")
-            })
-        }
-
-        fn destroy_surface(&mut self, window: &dyn Window) {
-            self.surfaces.remove(&window.id());
-        }
-    }
-
-    pub fn fill_window_with_color(window: &dyn Window, color: u32) {
-        GC.with(|gc| {
-            let size = window.surface_size();
-            let (Some(width), Some(height)) =
-                (NonZeroU32::new(size.width), NonZeroU32::new(size.height))
-            else {
-                return;
-            };
-
-            // Either get the last context used or create a new one.
-            let mut gc = gc.borrow_mut();
-            let surface =
-                gc.get_or_insert_with(|| GraphicsContext::new(window)).create_surface(window);
-
-            // Fill a buffer with a solid color
-
-            surface.resize(width, height).expect("Failed to resize the softbuffer surface");
-
-            let mut buffer = surface.buffer_mut().expect("Failed to get the softbuffer buffer");
-            buffer.fill(color);
-            buffer.present().expect("Failed to present the softbuffer buffer");
-        })
-    }
-
-    #[allow(dead_code)]
-    pub fn fill_window(window: &dyn Window) {
-        fill_window_with_color(window, 0xff181818);
-    }
-
-    #[allow(dead_code)]
-    pub fn fill_window_with_animated_color(window: &dyn Window, start: Instant) {
-        let time = start.elapsed().as_secs_f32() * 1.5;
-        let blue = (time.sin() * 255.0) as u32;
-        let green = ((time.cos() * 255.0) as u32) << 8;
-        let red = ((1.0 - time.sin() * 255.0) as u32) << 16;
-        let color = red | green | blue;
-        fill_window_with_color(window, color);
-    }
-
-    #[allow(dead_code)]
-    pub fn cleanup_window(window: &dyn Window) {
-        GC.with(|gc| {
-            let mut gc = gc.borrow_mut();
-            if let Some(context) = gc.as_mut() {
-                context.destroy_surface(window);
-            }
-        });
-    }
-}
-
-#[cfg(any(target_os = "android", target_os = "ios"))]
-mod platform {
-    #[allow(dead_code)]
-    pub fn fill_window(_window: &dyn winit::window::Window) {
-        // No-op on mobile platforms.
-    }
-
-    #[allow(dead_code)]
-    pub fn fill_window_with_color(_window: &dyn winit::window::Window, _color: u32) {
-        // No-op on mobile platforms.
-    }
-
-    #[allow(dead_code)]
-    pub fn fill_window_with_animated_color(
-        _window: &dyn winit::window::Window,
-        _start: std::time::Instant,
-    ) {
-        // No-op on mobile platforms.
-    }
-
-    #[allow(dead_code)]
-    pub fn cleanup_window(_window: &dyn winit::window::Window) {
-        // No-op on mobile platforms.
-    }
-}

examples/util/tracing.rs

@@ -1,25 +0,0 @@
-#[cfg(not(web_platform))]
-pub fn init() {
-    use tracing_subscriber::filter::{EnvFilter, LevelFilter};
-
-    tracing_subscriber::fmt()
-        .with_env_filter(
-            EnvFilter::builder().with_default_directive(LevelFilter::INFO.into()).from_env_lossy(),
-        )
-        .init();
-}
-
-#[cfg(web_platform)]
-pub fn init() {
-    use tracing_subscriber::layer::SubscriberExt;
-    use tracing_subscriber::util::SubscriberInitExt;
-
-    tracing_subscriber::registry()
-        .with(
-            tracing_subscriber::fmt::layer()
-                .with_ansi(false)
-                .without_time()
-                .with_writer(tracing_web::MakeWebConsoleWriter::new()),
-        )
-        .init();
-}

examples/video_modes.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+use simple_logger::SimpleLogger;
+use winit::event_loop::EventLoop;
+
+fn main() {
+    SimpleLogger::new().init().unwrap();
+    let event_loop = EventLoop::new();
+    let monitor = match event_loop.primary_monitor() {
+        Some(monitor) => monitor,
+        None => {
+            println!("No primary monitor detected.");
+            return;
+        }
+    };
+
+    println!("Listing available video modes:");
+
+    for mode in monitor.video_modes() {
+        println!("{}", mode);
+    }
+}

examples/web.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+use winit::{
+    event::{Event, WindowEvent},
+    event_loop::{ControlFlow, EventLoop},
+    window::WindowBuilder,
+};
+
+pub fn main() {
+    let event_loop = EventLoop::new();
+
+    let window = WindowBuilder::new()
+        .with_title("A fantastic window!")
+        .build(&event_loop)
+        .unwrap();
+
+    #[cfg(feature = "web-sys")]
+    {
+        use winit::platform::web::WindowExtWebSys;
+
+        let canvas = window.canvas();
+
+        let window = web_sys::window().unwrap();
+        let document = window.document().unwrap();
+        let body = document.body().unwrap();
+
+        body.append_child(&canvas)
+            .expect("Append canvas to HTML body");
+    }
+
+    #[cfg(feature = "stdweb")]
+    {
+        use std_web::web::INode;
+        use winit::platform::web::WindowExtStdweb;
+
+        let canvas = window.canvas();
+
+        let document = std_web::web::document();
+        let body: std_web::web::Node = document.body().expect("Get HTML body").into();
+
+        body.append_child(&canvas);
+    }
+
+    event_loop.run(move |event, _, control_flow| {
+        *control_flow = ControlFlow::Wait;
+
+        #[cfg(feature = "web-sys")]
+        log::debug!("{:?}", event);
+
+        #[cfg(feature = "stdweb")]
+        std_web::console!(log, "%s", format!("{:?}", event));
+
+        match event {
+            Event::WindowEvent {
+                event: WindowEvent::CloseRequested,
+                window_id,
+            } if window_id == window.id() => *control_flow = ControlFlow::Exit,
+            Event::MainEventsCleared => {
+                window.request_redraw();
+            }
+            _ => (),
+        }
+    });
+}
+
+#[cfg(feature = "web-sys")]
+mod wasm {
+    use wasm_bindgen::prelude::*;
+
+    #[wasm_bindgen(start)]
+    pub fn run() {
+        console_log::init_with_level(log::Level::Debug);
+
+        super::main();
+    }
+}

examples/window.rs

@@ -1,84 +1,33 @@
-//! Simple winit window example.
+use simple_logger::SimpleLogger;
+use winit::{
+    event::{Event, WindowEvent},
+    event_loop::{ControlFlow, EventLoop},
+    window::WindowBuilder,
+};
 
-use std::error::Error;
+fn main() {
+    SimpleLogger::new().init().unwrap();
+    let event_loop = EventLoop::new();
 
-use winit::application::ApplicationHandler;
-use winit::event::WindowEvent;
-use winit::event_loop::{ActiveEventLoop, EventLoop};
-#[cfg(web_platform)]
-use winit::platform::web::WindowAttributesWeb;
-use winit::window::{Window, WindowAttributes, WindowId};
+    let window = WindowBuilder::new()
+        .with_title("A fantastic window!")
+        .with_inner_size(winit::dpi::LogicalSize::new(128.0, 128.0))
+        .build(&event_loop)
+        .unwrap();
 
-#[path = "util/fill.rs"]
-mod fill;
-#[path = "util/tracing.rs"]
-mod tracing;
+    event_loop.run(move |event, _, control_flow| {
+        *control_flow = ControlFlow::Wait;
+        println!("{:?}", event);
 
-#[derive(Default, Debug)]
-struct App {
-    window: Option<Box<dyn Window>>,
-}
-
-impl ApplicationHandler for App {
-    fn can_create_surfaces(&mut self, event_loop: &dyn ActiveEventLoop) {
-        #[cfg(not(web_platform))]
-        let window_attributes = WindowAttributes::default();
-        #[cfg(web_platform)]
-        let window_attributes = WindowAttributes::default()
-            .with_platform_attributes(Box::new(WindowAttributesWeb::default().with_append(true)));
-        self.window = match event_loop.create_window(window_attributes) {
-            Ok(window) => Some(window),
-            Err(err) => {
-                eprintln!("error creating window: {err}");
-                event_loop.exit();
-                return;
-            },
-        }
-    }
-
-    fn window_event(&mut self, event_loop: &dyn ActiveEventLoop, _: WindowId, event: WindowEvent) {
-        println!("{event:?}");
         match event {
-            WindowEvent::CloseRequested => {
-                println!("Close was requested; stopping");
-                event_loop.exit();
-            },
-            WindowEvent::SurfaceResized(_) => {
-                self.window.as_ref().expect("resize event without a window").request_redraw();
-            },
-            WindowEvent::RedrawRequested => {
-                // Redraw the application.
-                //
-                // It's preferable for applications that do not render continuously to render in
-                // this event rather than in AboutToWait, since rendering in here allows
-                // the program to gracefully handle redraws requested by the OS.
-
-                let window = self.window.as_ref().expect("redraw request without a window");
-
-                // Notify that you're about to draw.
-                window.pre_present_notify();
-
-                // Draw.
-                fill::fill_window(window.as_ref());
-
-                // For contiguous redraw loop you can request a redraw from here.
-                // window.request_redraw();
-            },
+            Event::WindowEvent {
+                event: WindowEvent::CloseRequested,
+                window_id,
+            } if window_id == window.id() => *control_flow = ControlFlow::Exit,
+            Event::MainEventsCleared => {
+                window.request_redraw();
+            }
             _ => (),
         }
-    }
-}
-
-fn main() -> Result<(), Box<dyn Error>> {
-    #[cfg(web_platform)]
-    console_error_panic_hook::set_once();
-
-    tracing::init();
-
-    let event_loop = EventLoop::new()?;
-
-    // For alternative loop run options see `pump_events` and `run_on_demand` examples.
-    event_loop.run_app(App::default())?;
-
-    Ok(())
+    });
 }

examples/window_debug.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,125 @@
+// This example is used by developers to test various window functions.
+
+use simple_logger::SimpleLogger;
+use winit::{
+    dpi::{LogicalSize, PhysicalSize},
+    event::{DeviceEvent, ElementState, Event, KeyboardInput, VirtualKeyCode, WindowEvent},
+    event_loop::{ControlFlow, EventLoop},
+    window::{Fullscreen, WindowBuilder},
+};
+
+fn main() {
+    SimpleLogger::new().init().unwrap();
+    let event_loop = EventLoop::new();
+
+    let window = WindowBuilder::new()
+        .with_title("A fantastic window!")
+        .with_inner_size(LogicalSize::new(100.0, 100.0))
+        .build(&event_loop)
+        .unwrap();
+
+    eprintln!("debugging keys:");
+    eprintln!("  (E) Enter exclusive fullscreen");
+    eprintln!("  (F) Toggle borderless fullscreen");
+    eprintln!("  (P) Toggle borderless fullscreen on system's preffered monitor");
+    eprintln!("  (M) Toggle minimized");
+    eprintln!("  (Q) Quit event loop");
+    eprintln!("  (V) Toggle visibility");
+    eprintln!("  (X) Toggle maximized");
+
+    let mut minimized = false;
+    let mut visible = true;
+
+    event_loop.run(move |event, _, control_flow| {
+        *control_flow = ControlFlow::Wait;
+
+        match event {
+            Event::DeviceEvent {
+                event:
+                    DeviceEvent::Key(KeyboardInput {
+                        virtual_keycode: Some(key),
+                        state: ElementState::Pressed,
+                        ..
+                    }),
+                ..
+            } => match key {
+                VirtualKeyCode::M => {
+                    if minimized {
+                        minimized = !minimized;
+                        window.set_minimized(minimized);
+                    }
+                }
+                VirtualKeyCode::V => {
+                    if !visible {
+                        visible = !visible;
+                        window.set_visible(visible);
+                    }
+                }
+                _ => (),
+            },
+            Event::WindowEvent {
+                event: WindowEvent::KeyboardInput { input, .. },
+                ..
+            } => match input {
+                KeyboardInput {
+                    virtual_keycode: Some(key),
+                    state: ElementState::Pressed,
+                    ..
+                } => match key {
+                    VirtualKeyCode::E => {
+                        fn area(size: PhysicalSize<u32>) -> u32 {
+                            size.width * size.height
+                        }
+
+                        let monitor = window.current_monitor().unwrap();
+                        if let Some(mode) = monitor
+                            .video_modes()
+                            .max_by(|a, b| area(a.size()).cmp(&area(b.size())))
+                        {
+                            window.set_fullscreen(Some(Fullscreen::Exclusive(mode)));
+                        } else {
+                            eprintln!("no video modes available");
+                        }
+                    }
+                    VirtualKeyCode::F => {
+                        if window.fullscreen().is_some() {
+                            window.set_fullscreen(None);
+                        } else {
+                            let monitor = window.current_monitor();
+                            window.set_fullscreen(Some(Fullscreen::Borderless(monitor)));
+                        }
+                    }
+                    VirtualKeyCode::P => {
+                        if window.fullscreen().is_some() {
+                            window.set_fullscreen(None);
+                        } else {
+                            window.set_fullscreen(Some(Fullscreen::Borderless(None)));
+                        }
+                    }
+                    VirtualKeyCode::M => {
+                        minimized = !minimized;
+                        window.set_minimized(minimized);
+                    }
+                    VirtualKeyCode::Q => {
+                        *control_flow = ControlFlow::Exit;
+                    }
+                    VirtualKeyCode::V => {
+                        visible = !visible;
+                        window.set_visible(visible);
+                    }
+                    VirtualKeyCode::X => {
+                        let is_maximized = window.is_maximized();
+                        window.set_maximized(!is_maximized);
+                    }
+                    _ => (),
+                },
+                _ => (),
+            },
+            Event::WindowEvent {
+                event: WindowEvent::CloseRequested,
+                window_id,
+            } if window_id == window.id() => *control_flow = ControlFlow::Exit,
+            _ => (),
+        }
+    });
+}

examples/window_icon.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+extern crate image;
+use std::path::Path;
+
+use simple_logger::SimpleLogger;
+use winit::{
+    event::Event,
+    event_loop::{ControlFlow, EventLoop},
+    window::{Icon, WindowBuilder},
+};
+
+fn main() {
+    SimpleLogger::new().init().unwrap();
+
+    // You'll have to choose an icon size at your own discretion. On X11, the desired size varies
+    // by WM, and on Windows, you still have to account for screen scaling. Here we use 32px,
+    // since it seems to work well enough in most cases. Be careful about going too high, or
+    // you'll be bitten by the low-quality downscaling built into the WM.
+    let path = concat!(env!("CARGO_MANIFEST_DIR"), "/examples/icon.png");
+
+    let icon = load_icon(Path::new(path));
+
+    let event_loop = EventLoop::new();
+
+    let window = WindowBuilder::new()
+        .with_title("An iconic window!")
+        // At present, this only does anything on Windows and X11, so if you want to save load
+        // time, you can put icon loading behind a function that returns `None` on other platforms.
+        .with_window_icon(Some(icon))
+        .build(&event_loop)
+        .unwrap();
+
+    event_loop.run(move |event, _, control_flow| {
+        *control_flow = ControlFlow::Wait;
+
+        if let Event::WindowEvent { event, .. } = event {
+            use winit::event::WindowEvent::*;
+            match event {
+                CloseRequested => *control_flow = ControlFlow::Exit,
+                DroppedFile(path) => {
+                    window.set_window_icon(Some(load_icon(&path)));
+                }
+                _ => (),
+            }
+        }
+    });
+}
+
+fn load_icon(path: &Path) -> Icon {
+    let (icon_rgba, icon_width, icon_height) = {
+        let image = image::open(path)
+            .expect("Failed to open icon path")
+            .into_rgba8();
+        let (width, height) = image.dimensions();
+        let rgba = image.into_raw();
+        (rgba, width, height)
+    };
+    Icon::from_rgba(icon_rgba, icon_width, icon_height).expect("Failed to open icon")
+}

examples/window_run_return.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+// Limit this example to only compatible platforms.
+#[cfg(any(
+    target_os = "windows",
+    target_os = "macos",
+    target_os = "linux",
+    target_os = "dragonfly",
+    target_os = "freebsd",
+    target_os = "netbsd",
+    target_os = "openbsd"
+))]
+fn main() {
+    use std::{thread::sleep, time::Duration};
+
+    use simple_logger::SimpleLogger;
+    use winit::{
+        event::{Event, WindowEvent},
+        event_loop::{ControlFlow, EventLoop},
+        platform::run_return::EventLoopExtRunReturn,
+        window::WindowBuilder,
+    };
+    let mut event_loop = EventLoop::new();
+
+    SimpleLogger::new().init().unwrap();
+    let _window = WindowBuilder::new()
+        .with_title("A fantastic window!")
+        .build(&event_loop)
+        .unwrap();
+
+    let mut quit = false;
+
+    while !quit {
+        event_loop.run_return(|event, _, control_flow| {
+            *control_flow = ControlFlow::Wait;
+
+            if let Event::WindowEvent { event, .. } = &event {
+                // Print only Window events to reduce noise
+                println!("{:?}", event);
+            }
+
+            match event {
+                Event::WindowEvent {
+                    event: WindowEvent::CloseRequested,
+                    ..
+                } => {
+                    quit = true;
+                }
+                Event::MainEventsCleared => {
+                    *control_flow = ControlFlow::Exit;
+                }
+                _ => (),
+            }
+        });
+
+        // Sleep for 1/60 second to simulate rendering
+        println!("rendering");
+        sleep(Duration::from_millis(16));
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(any(target_os = "ios", target_os = "android", target_arch = "wasm32"))]
+fn main() {
+    println!("This platform doesn't support run_return.");
+}

examples/x11_embed.rs

@@ -1,71 +0,0 @@
-//! A demonstration of embedding a winit window in an existing X11 application.
-use std::error::Error;
-
-#[cfg(x11_platform)]
-fn main() -> Result<(), Box<dyn Error>> {
-    use winit::application::ApplicationHandler;
-    use winit::event::WindowEvent;
-    use winit::event_loop::{ActiveEventLoop, EventLoop};
-    use winit::platform::x11::WindowAttributesX11;
-    use winit::window::{Window, WindowAttributes, WindowId};
-
-    #[path = "util/fill.rs"]
-    mod fill;
-
-    #[derive(Debug)]
-    pub struct XEmbedDemo {
-        parent_window_id: u32,
-        window: Option<Box<dyn Window>>,
-    }
-
-    impl ApplicationHandler for XEmbedDemo {
-        fn can_create_surfaces(&mut self, event_loop: &dyn ActiveEventLoop) {
-            let mut window_attributes = WindowAttributes::default()
-                .with_title("An embedded window!")
-                .with_surface_size(winit::dpi::LogicalSize::new(128.0, 128.0));
-            let x11_attrs =
-                WindowAttributesX11::default().with_embed_parent_window(self.parent_window_id);
-            window_attributes = window_attributes.with_platform_attributes(Box::new(x11_attrs));
-
-            self.window = Some(event_loop.create_window(window_attributes).unwrap());
-        }
-
-        fn window_event(
-            &mut self,
-            event_loop: &dyn ActiveEventLoop,
-            _window_id: WindowId,
-            event: WindowEvent,
-        ) {
-            let window = self.window.as_ref().unwrap();
-            match event {
-                WindowEvent::CloseRequested => event_loop.exit(),
-                WindowEvent::RedrawRequested => {
-                    window.pre_present_notify();
-                    fill::fill_window(window.as_ref());
-                },
-                _ => (),
-            }
-        }
-
-        fn about_to_wait(&mut self, _event_loop: &dyn ActiveEventLoop) {
-            self.window.as_ref().unwrap().request_redraw();
-        }
-    }
-
-    // First argument should be a 32-bit X11 window ID.
-    let parent_window_id = std::env::args()
-        .nth(1)
-        .ok_or("Expected a 32-bit X11 window ID as the first argument.")?
-        .parse::<u32>()?;
-
-    tracing_subscriber::fmt::init();
-    let event_loop = EventLoop::new()?;
-
-    Ok(event_loop.run_app(XEmbedDemo { parent_window_id, window: None })?)
-}
-
-#[cfg(not(x11_platform))]
-fn main() -> Result<(), Box<dyn Error>> {
-    println!("This example is only supported on X11 platforms.");
-    Ok(())
-}

rustfmt.toml

@@ -1,20 +1,3 @@
-comment_width = 100
-condense_wildcard_suffixes = true
-error_on_unformatted = true
-format_code_in_doc_comments = true
-format_macro_bodies = true
-format_macro_matchers = true
-format_strings = true
-group_imports = "StdExternalCrate"
-hex_literal_case = "Lower"
-imports_granularity = "Module"
-match_block_trailing_comma = true
-newline_style = "Unix"
-normalize_comments = true
-normalize_doc_attributes = true
-overflow_delimited_expr = true
-# Some macros break with this.
-reorder_impl_items = false
-use_field_init_shorthand = true
-use_small_heuristics = "Max"
-wrap_comments = true
+force_explicit_abi=true
+use_field_init_shorthand=true
+# merge_imports=true

src/dpi.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,573 @@
+//! UI scaling is important, so read the docs for this module if you don't want to be confused.
+//!
+//! ## Why should I care about UI scaling?
+//!
+//! Modern computer screens don't have a consistent relationship between resolution and size.
+//! 1920x1080 is a common resolution for both desktop and mobile screens, despite mobile screens
+//! normally being less than a quarter the size of their desktop counterparts. What's more, neither
+//! desktop nor mobile screens are consistent resolutions within their own size classes - common
+//! mobile screens range from below 720p to above 1440p, and desktop screens range from 720p to 5K
+//! and beyond.
+//!
+//! Given that, it's a mistake to assume that 2D content will only be displayed on screens with
+//! a consistent pixel density. If you were to render a 96-pixel-square image on a 1080p screen,
+//! then render the same image on a similarly-sized 4K screen, the 4K rendition would only take up
+//! about a quarter of the physical space as it did on the 1080p screen. That issue is especially
+//! problematic with text rendering, where quarter-sized text becomes a significant legibility
+//! problem.
+//!
+//! Failure to account for the scale factor can create a significantly degraded user experience.
+//! Most notably, it can make users feel like they have bad eyesight, which will potentially cause
+//! them to think about growing elderly, resulting in them having an existential crisis. Once users
+//! enter that state, they will no longer be focused on your application.
+//!
+//! ## How should I handle it?
+//!
+//! The solution to this problem is to account for the device's *scale factor*. The scale factor is
+//! the factor UI elements should be scaled by to be consistent with the rest of the user's system -
+//! for example, a button that's normally 50 pixels across would be 100 pixels across on a device
+//! with a scale factor of `2.0`, or 75 pixels across with a scale factor of `1.5`.
+//!
+//! Many UI systems, such as CSS, expose DPI-dependent units like [points] or [picas]. That's
+//! usually a mistake, since there's no consistent mapping between the scale factor and the screen's
+//! actual DPI. Unless you're printing to a physical medium, you should work in scaled pixels rather
+//! than any DPI-dependent units.
+//!
+//! ### Position and Size types
+//!
+//! Winit's `Physical(Position|Size)` types correspond with the actual pixels on the device, and the
+//! `Logical(Position|Size)` types correspond to the physical pixels divided by the scale factor.
+//! All of Winit's functions return physical types, but can take either logical or physical
+//! coordinates as input, allowing you to use the most convenient coordinate system for your
+//! particular application.
+//!
+//! Winit's position and size types types are generic over their exact pixel type, `P`, to allow the
+//! API to have integer precision where appropriate (e.g. most window manipulation functions) and
+//! floating precision when necessary (e.g. logical sizes for fractional scale factors and touch
+//! input). If `P` is a floating-point type, please do not cast the values with `as {int}`. Doing so
+//! will truncate the fractional part of the float, rather than properly round to the nearest
+//! integer. Use the provided `cast` function or `From`/`Into` conversions, which handle the
+//! rounding properly. Note that precision loss will still occur when rounding from a float to an
+//! int, although rounding lessens the problem.
+//!
+//! ### Events
+//!
+//! Winit will dispatch a [`ScaleFactorChanged`](crate::event::WindowEvent::ScaleFactorChanged)
+//! event whenever a window's scale factor has changed. This can happen if the user drags their
+//! window from a standard-resolution monitor to a high-DPI monitor, or if the user changes their
+//! DPI settings. This gives you a chance to rescale your application's UI elements and adjust how
+//! the platform changes the window's size to reflect the new scale factor. If a window hasn't
+//! received a [`ScaleFactorChanged`](crate::event::WindowEvent::ScaleFactorChanged) event,
+//! then its scale factor is `1.0`.
+//!
+//! ## How is the scale factor calculated?
+//!
+//! Scale factor is calculated differently on different platforms:
+//!
+//! - **Windows:** On Windows 8 and 10, per-monitor scaling is readily configured by users from the
+//!   display settings. While users are free to select any option they want, they're only given a
+//!   selection of "nice" scale factors, i.e. 1.0, 1.25, 1.5... on Windows 7, the scale factor is
+//!   global and changing it requires logging out. See [this article][windows_1] for technical
+//!   details.
+//! - **macOS:** Recent versions of macOS allow the user to change the scaling factor for certain
+//!   displays. When this is available, the user may pick a per-monitor scaling factor from a set
+//!   of pre-defined settings. All "retina displays" have a scaling factor above 1.0 by default but
+//!   the specific value varies across devices.
+//! - **X11:** Many man-hours have been spent trying to figure out how to handle DPI in X11. Winit
+//!   currently uses a three-pronged approach:
+//!   + Use the value in the `WINIT_X11_SCALE_FACTOR` environment variable, if present.
+//!   + If not present, use the value set in `Xft.dpi` in Xresources.
+//!   + Otherwise, calcuate the scale factor based on the millimeter monitor dimensions provided by XRandR.
+//!
+//!   If `WINIT_X11_SCALE_FACTOR` is set to `randr`, it'll ignore the `Xft.dpi` field and use the
+//!   XRandR scaling method. Generally speaking, you should try to configure the standard system
+//!   variables to do what you want before resorting to `WINIT_X11_SCALE_FACTOR`.
+//! - **Wayland:** On Wayland, scale factors are set per-screen by the server, and are always
+//!   integers (most often 1 or 2).
+//! - **iOS:** Scale factors are set by Apple to the value that best suits the device, and range
+//!   from `1.0` to `3.0`. See [this article][apple_1] and [this article][apple_2] for more
+//!   information.
+//! - **Android:** Scale factors are set by the manufacturer to the value that best suits the
+//!   device, and range from `1.0` to `4.0`. See [this article][android_1] for more information.
+//! - **Web:** The scale factor is the ratio between CSS pixels and the physical device pixels.
+//!   In other words, it is the value of [`window.devicePixelRatio`][web_1]. It is affected by
+//!   both the screen scaling and the browser zoom level and can go below `1.0`.
+//!
+//! [points]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Point_(typography)
+//! [picas]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pica_(typography)
+//! [windows_1]: https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/hidpi/high-dpi-desktop-application-development-on-windows
+//! [apple_1]: https://developer.apple.com/library/archive/documentation/DeviceInformation/Reference/iOSDeviceCompatibility/Displays/Displays.html
+//! [apple_2]: https://developer.apple.com/design/human-interface-guidelines/macos/icons-and-images/image-size-and-resolution/
+//! [android_1]: https://developer.android.com/training/multiscreen/screendensities
+//! [web_1]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/devicePixelRatio
+
+pub trait Pixel: Copy + Into<f64> {
+    fn from_f64(f: f64) -> Self;
+    fn cast<P: Pixel>(self) -> P {
+        P::from_f64(self.into())
+    }
+}
+
+impl Pixel for u8 {
+    fn from_f64(f: f64) -> Self {
+        f.round() as u8
+    }
+}
+impl Pixel for u16 {
+    fn from_f64(f: f64) -> Self {
+        f.round() as u16
+    }
+}
+impl Pixel for u32 {
+    fn from_f64(f: f64) -> Self {
+        f.round() as u32
+    }
+}
+impl Pixel for i8 {
+    fn from_f64(f: f64) -> Self {
+        f.round() as i8
+    }
+}
+impl Pixel for i16 {
+    fn from_f64(f: f64) -> Self {
+        f.round() as i16
+    }
+}
+impl Pixel for i32 {
+    fn from_f64(f: f64) -> Self {
+        f.round() as i32
+    }
+}
+impl Pixel for f32 {
+    fn from_f64(f: f64) -> Self {
+        f as f32
+    }
+}
+impl Pixel for f64 {
+    fn from_f64(f: f64) -> Self {
+        f
+    }
+}
+
+/// Checks that the scale factor is a normal positive `f64`.
+///
+/// All functions that take a scale factor assert that this will return `true`. If you're sourcing scale factors from
+/// anywhere other than winit, it's recommended to validate them using this function before passing them to winit;
+/// otherwise, you risk panics.
+#[inline]
+pub fn validate_scale_factor(scale_factor: f64) -> bool {
+    scale_factor.is_sign_positive() && scale_factor.is_normal()
+}
+
+/// A position represented in logical pixels.
+///
+/// The position is stored as floats, so please be careful. Casting floats to integers truncates the
+/// fractional part, which can cause noticable issues. To help with that, an `Into<(i32, i32)>`
+/// implementation is provided which does the rounding for you.
+#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, Eq, PartialEq, Default, Hash)]
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
+pub struct LogicalPosition<P> {
+    pub x: P,
+    pub y: P,
+}
+
+impl<P> LogicalPosition<P> {
+    #[inline]
+    pub const fn new(x: P, y: P) -> Self {
+        LogicalPosition { x, y }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<P: Pixel> LogicalPosition<P> {
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn from_physical<T: Into<PhysicalPosition<X>>, X: Pixel>(
+        physical: T,
+        scale_factor: f64,
+    ) -> Self {
+        physical.into().to_logical(scale_factor)
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn to_physical<X: Pixel>(&self, scale_factor: f64) -> PhysicalPosition<X> {
+        assert!(validate_scale_factor(scale_factor));
+        let x = self.x.into() * scale_factor;
+        let y = self.y.into() * scale_factor;
+        PhysicalPosition::new(x, y).cast()
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn cast<X: Pixel>(&self) -> LogicalPosition<X> {
+        LogicalPosition {
+            x: self.x.cast(),
+            y: self.y.cast(),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<P: Pixel, X: Pixel> From<(X, X)> for LogicalPosition<P> {
+    fn from((x, y): (X, X)) -> LogicalPosition<P> {
+        LogicalPosition::new(x.cast(), y.cast())
+    }
+}
+
+impl<P: Pixel, X: Pixel> Into<(X, X)> for LogicalPosition<P> {
+    fn into(self: Self) -> (X, X) {
+        (self.x.cast(), self.y.cast())
+    }
+}
+
+impl<P: Pixel, X: Pixel> From<[X; 2]> for LogicalPosition<P> {
+    fn from([x, y]: [X; 2]) -> LogicalPosition<P> {
+        LogicalPosition::new(x.cast(), y.cast())
+    }
+}
+
+impl<P: Pixel, X: Pixel> Into<[X; 2]> for LogicalPosition<P> {
+    fn into(self: Self) -> [X; 2] {
+        [self.x.cast(), self.y.cast()]
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(feature = "mint")]
+impl<P: Pixel> From<mint::Point2<P>> for LogicalPosition<P> {
+    fn from(mint: mint::Point2<P>) -> Self {
+        Self::new(mint.x, mint.y)
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(feature = "mint")]
+impl<P: Pixel> From<LogicalPosition<P>> for mint::Point2<P> {
+    fn from(winit: LogicalPosition<P>) -> Self {
+        mint::Point2 {
+            x: winit.x,
+            y: winit.y,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// A position represented in physical pixels.
+#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, Eq, PartialEq, Default, Hash)]
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
+pub struct PhysicalPosition<P> {
+    pub x: P,
+    pub y: P,
+}
+
+impl<P> PhysicalPosition<P> {
+    #[inline]
+    pub const fn new(x: P, y: P) -> Self {
+        PhysicalPosition { x, y }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<P: Pixel> PhysicalPosition<P> {
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn from_logical<T: Into<LogicalPosition<X>>, X: Pixel>(
+        logical: T,
+        scale_factor: f64,
+    ) -> Self {
+        logical.into().to_physical(scale_factor)
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn to_logical<X: Pixel>(&self, scale_factor: f64) -> LogicalPosition<X> {
+        assert!(validate_scale_factor(scale_factor));
+        let x = self.x.into() / scale_factor;
+        let y = self.y.into() / scale_factor;
+        LogicalPosition::new(x, y).cast()
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn cast<X: Pixel>(&self) -> PhysicalPosition<X> {
+        PhysicalPosition {
+            x: self.x.cast(),
+            y: self.y.cast(),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<P: Pixel, X: Pixel> From<(X, X)> for PhysicalPosition<P> {
+    fn from((x, y): (X, X)) -> PhysicalPosition<P> {
+        PhysicalPosition::new(x.cast(), y.cast())
+    }
+}
+
+impl<P: Pixel, X: Pixel> Into<(X, X)> for PhysicalPosition<P> {
+    fn into(self: Self) -> (X, X) {
+        (self.x.cast(), self.y.cast())
+    }
+}
+
+impl<P: Pixel, X: Pixel> From<[X; 2]> for PhysicalPosition<P> {
+    fn from([x, y]: [X; 2]) -> PhysicalPosition<P> {
+        PhysicalPosition::new(x.cast(), y.cast())
+    }
+}
+
+impl<P: Pixel, X: Pixel> Into<[X; 2]> for PhysicalPosition<P> {
+    fn into(self: Self) -> [X; 2] {
+        [self.x.cast(), self.y.cast()]
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(feature = "mint")]
+impl<P: Pixel> From<mint::Point2<P>> for PhysicalPosition<P> {
+    fn from(mint: mint::Point2<P>) -> Self {
+        Self::new(mint.x, mint.y)
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(feature = "mint")]
+impl<P: Pixel> From<PhysicalPosition<P>> for mint::Point2<P> {
+    fn from(winit: PhysicalPosition<P>) -> Self {
+        mint::Point2 {
+            x: winit.x,
+            y: winit.y,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// A size represented in logical pixels.
+#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, Eq, PartialEq, Default, Hash)]
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
+pub struct LogicalSize<P> {
+    pub width: P,
+    pub height: P,
+}
+
+impl<P> LogicalSize<P> {
+    #[inline]
+    pub const fn new(width: P, height: P) -> Self {
+        LogicalSize { width, height }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<P: Pixel> LogicalSize<P> {
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn from_physical<T: Into<PhysicalSize<X>>, X: Pixel>(
+        physical: T,
+        scale_factor: f64,
+    ) -> Self {
+        physical.into().to_logical(scale_factor)
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn to_physical<X: Pixel>(&self, scale_factor: f64) -> PhysicalSize<X> {
+        assert!(validate_scale_factor(scale_factor));
+        let width = self.width.into() * scale_factor;
+        let height = self.height.into() * scale_factor;
+        PhysicalSize::new(width, height).cast()
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn cast<X: Pixel>(&self) -> LogicalSize<X> {
+        LogicalSize {
+            width: self.width.cast(),
+            height: self.height.cast(),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<P: Pixel, X: Pixel> From<(X, X)> for LogicalSize<P> {
+    fn from((x, y): (X, X)) -> LogicalSize<P> {
+        LogicalSize::new(x.cast(), y.cast())
+    }
+}
+
+impl<P: Pixel, X: Pixel> Into<(X, X)> for LogicalSize<P> {
+    fn into(self: LogicalSize<P>) -> (X, X) {
+        (self.width.cast(), self.height.cast())
+    }
+}
+
+impl<P: Pixel, X: Pixel> From<[X; 2]> for LogicalSize<P> {
+    fn from([x, y]: [X; 2]) -> LogicalSize<P> {
+        LogicalSize::new(x.cast(), y.cast())
+    }
+}
+
+impl<P: Pixel, X: Pixel> Into<[X; 2]> for LogicalSize<P> {
+    fn into(self: Self) -> [X; 2] {
+        [self.width.cast(), self.height.cast()]
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(feature = "mint")]
+impl<P: Pixel> From<mint::Vector2<P>> for LogicalSize<P> {
+    fn from(mint: mint::Vector2<P>) -> Self {
+        Self::new(mint.x, mint.y)
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(feature = "mint")]
+impl<P: Pixel> From<LogicalSize<P>> for mint::Vector2<P> {
+    fn from(winit: LogicalSize<P>) -> Self {
+        mint::Vector2 {
+            x: winit.width,
+            y: winit.height,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// A size represented in physical pixels.
+#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, Eq, PartialEq, Default, Hash)]
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
+pub struct PhysicalSize<P> {
+    pub width: P,
+    pub height: P,
+}
+
+impl<P> PhysicalSize<P> {
+    #[inline]
+    pub const fn new(width: P, height: P) -> Self {
+        PhysicalSize { width, height }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<P: Pixel> PhysicalSize<P> {
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn from_logical<T: Into<LogicalSize<X>>, X: Pixel>(logical: T, scale_factor: f64) -> Self {
+        logical.into().to_physical(scale_factor)
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn to_logical<X: Pixel>(&self, scale_factor: f64) -> LogicalSize<X> {
+        assert!(validate_scale_factor(scale_factor));
+        let width = self.width.into() / scale_factor;
+        let height = self.height.into() / scale_factor;
+        LogicalSize::new(width, height).cast()
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn cast<X: Pixel>(&self) -> PhysicalSize<X> {
+        PhysicalSize {
+            width: self.width.cast(),
+            height: self.height.cast(),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<P: Pixel, X: Pixel> From<(X, X)> for PhysicalSize<P> {
+    fn from((x, y): (X, X)) -> PhysicalSize<P> {
+        PhysicalSize::new(x.cast(), y.cast())
+    }
+}
+
+impl<P: Pixel, X: Pixel> Into<(X, X)> for PhysicalSize<P> {
+    fn into(self: Self) -> (X, X) {
+        (self.width.cast(), self.height.cast())
+    }
+}
+
+impl<P: Pixel, X: Pixel> From<[X; 2]> for PhysicalSize<P> {
+    fn from([x, y]: [X; 2]) -> PhysicalSize<P> {
+        PhysicalSize::new(x.cast(), y.cast())
+    }
+}
+
+impl<P: Pixel, X: Pixel> Into<[X; 2]> for PhysicalSize<P> {
+    fn into(self: Self) -> [X; 2] {
+        [self.width.cast(), self.height.cast()]
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(feature = "mint")]
+impl<P: Pixel> From<mint::Vector2<P>> for PhysicalSize<P> {
+    fn from(mint: mint::Vector2<P>) -> Self {
+        Self::new(mint.x, mint.y)
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(feature = "mint")]
+impl<P: Pixel> From<PhysicalSize<P>> for mint::Vector2<P> {
+    fn from(winit: PhysicalSize<P>) -> Self {
+        mint::Vector2 {
+            x: winit.width,
+            y: winit.height,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// A size that's either physical or logical.
+#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, PartialEq)]
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
+pub enum Size {
+    Physical(PhysicalSize<u32>),
+    Logical(LogicalSize<f64>),
+}
+
+impl Size {
+    pub fn new<S: Into<Size>>(size: S) -> Size {
+        size.into()
+    }
+
+    pub fn to_logical<P: Pixel>(&self, scale_factor: f64) -> LogicalSize<P> {
+        match *self {
+            Size::Physical(size) => size.to_logical(scale_factor),
+            Size::Logical(size) => size.cast(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn to_physical<P: Pixel>(&self, scale_factor: f64) -> PhysicalSize<P> {
+        match *self {
+            Size::Physical(size) => size.cast(),
+            Size::Logical(size) => size.to_physical(scale_factor),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<P: Pixel> From<PhysicalSize<P>> for Size {
+    #[inline]
+    fn from(size: PhysicalSize<P>) -> Size {
+        Size::Physical(size.cast())
+    }
+}
+
+impl<P: Pixel> From<LogicalSize<P>> for Size {
+    #[inline]
+    fn from(size: LogicalSize<P>) -> Size {
+        Size::Logical(size.cast())
+    }
+}
+
+/// A position that's either physical or logical.
+#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, PartialEq)]
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
+pub enum Position {
+    Physical(PhysicalPosition<i32>),
+    Logical(LogicalPosition<f64>),
+}
+
+impl Position {
+    pub fn new<S: Into<Position>>(position: S) -> Position {
+        position.into()
+    }
+
+    pub fn to_logical<P: Pixel>(&self, scale_factor: f64) -> LogicalPosition<P> {
+        match *self {
+            Position::Physical(position) => position.to_logical(scale_factor),
+            Position::Logical(position) => position.cast(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn to_physical<P: Pixel>(&self, scale_factor: f64) -> PhysicalPosition<P> {
+        match *self {
+            Position::Physical(position) => position.cast(),
+            Position::Logical(position) => position.to_physical(scale_factor),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<P: Pixel> From<PhysicalPosition<P>> for Position {
+    #[inline]
+    fn from(position: PhysicalPosition<P>) -> Position {
+        Position::Physical(position.cast())
+    }
+}
+
+impl<P: Pixel> From<LogicalPosition<P>> for Position {
+    #[inline]
+    fn from(position: LogicalPosition<P>) -> Position {
+        Position::Logical(position.cast())
+    }
+}

src/error.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+use std::{error, fmt};
+
+use crate::platform_impl;
+
+/// An error whose cause it outside Winit's control.
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub enum ExternalError {
+    /// The operation is not supported by the backend.
+    NotSupported(NotSupportedError),
+    /// The OS cannot perform the operation.
+    Os(OsError),
+}
+
+/// The error type for when the requested operation is not supported by the backend.
+#[derive(Clone)]
+pub struct NotSupportedError {
+    _marker: (),
+}
+
+/// The error type for when the OS cannot perform the requested operation.
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub struct OsError {
+    line: u32,
+    file: &'static str,
+    error: platform_impl::OsError,
+}
+
+impl NotSupportedError {
+    #[inline]
+    #[allow(dead_code)]
+    pub(crate) fn new() -> NotSupportedError {
+        NotSupportedError { _marker: () }
+    }
+}
+
+impl OsError {
+    #[allow(dead_code)]
+    pub(crate) fn new(line: u32, file: &'static str, error: platform_impl::OsError) -> OsError {
+        OsError { line, file, error }
+    }
+}
+
+#[allow(unused_macros)]
+macro_rules! os_error {
+    ($error:expr) => {{
+        crate::error::OsError::new(line!(), file!(), $error)
+    }};
+}
+
+impl fmt::Display for OsError {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> Result<(), fmt::Error> {
+        f.pad(&format!(
+            "os error at {}:{}: {}",
+            self.file, self.line, self.error
+        ))
+    }
+}
+
+impl fmt::Display for ExternalError {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> Result<(), fmt::Error> {
+        match self {
+            ExternalError::NotSupported(e) => e.fmt(f),
+            ExternalError::Os(e) => e.fmt(f),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl fmt::Debug for NotSupportedError {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> Result<(), fmt::Error> {
+        f.debug_struct("NotSupportedError").finish()
+    }
+}
+
+impl fmt::Display for NotSupportedError {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> Result<(), fmt::Error> {
+        f.pad("the requested operation is not supported by Winit")
+    }
+}
+
+impl error::Error for OsError {}
+impl error::Error for ExternalError {}
+impl error::Error for NotSupportedError {}

src/event_loop.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,236 @@
+//! The `EventLoop` struct and assorted supporting types, including `ControlFlow`.
+//!
+//! If you want to send custom events to the event loop, use [`EventLoop::create_proxy()`][create_proxy]
+//! to acquire an [`EventLoopProxy`][event_loop_proxy] and call its [`send_event`][send_event] method.
+//!
+//! See the root-level documentation for information on how to create and use an event loop to
+//! handle events.
+//!
+//! [create_proxy]: crate::event_loop::EventLoop::create_proxy
+//! [event_loop_proxy]: crate::event_loop::EventLoopProxy
+//! [send_event]: crate::event_loop::EventLoopProxy::send_event
+use instant::Instant;
+use std::ops::Deref;
+use std::{error, fmt};
+
+use crate::{event::Event, monitor::MonitorHandle, platform_impl};
+
+/// Provides a way to retrieve events from the system and from the windows that were registered to
+/// the events loop.
+///
+/// An `EventLoop` can be seen more or less as a "context". Calling `EventLoop::new()`
+/// initializes everything that will be required to create windows. For example on Linux creating
+/// an event loop opens a connection to the X or Wayland server.
+///
+/// To wake up an `EventLoop` from a another thread, see the `EventLoopProxy` docs.
+///
+/// Note that the `EventLoop` cannot be shared across threads (due to platform-dependant logic
+/// forbidding it), as such it is neither `Send` nor `Sync`. If you need cross-thread access, the
+/// `Window` created from this `EventLoop` _can_ be sent to an other thread, and the
+/// `EventLoopProxy` allows you to wake up an `EventLoop` from another thread.
+///
+pub struct EventLoop<T: 'static> {
+    pub(crate) event_loop: platform_impl::EventLoop<T>,
+    pub(crate) _marker: ::std::marker::PhantomData<*mut ()>, // Not Send nor Sync
+}
+
+/// Target that associates windows with an `EventLoop`.
+///
+/// This type exists to allow you to create new windows while Winit executes
+/// your callback. `EventLoop` will coerce into this type (`impl<T> Deref for
+/// EventLoop<T>`), so functions that take this as a parameter can also take
+/// `&EventLoop`.
+pub struct EventLoopWindowTarget<T: 'static> {
+    pub(crate) p: platform_impl::EventLoopWindowTarget<T>,
+    pub(crate) _marker: ::std::marker::PhantomData<*mut ()>, // Not Send nor Sync
+}
+
+impl<T> fmt::Debug for EventLoop<T> {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
+        f.pad("EventLoop { .. }")
+    }
+}
+
+impl<T> fmt::Debug for EventLoopWindowTarget<T> {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
+        f.pad("EventLoopWindowTarget { .. }")
+    }
+}
+
+/// Set by the user callback given to the `EventLoop::run` method.
+///
+/// Indicates the desired behavior of the event loop after [`Event::RedrawEventsCleared`][events_cleared]
+/// is emitted. Defaults to `Poll`.
+///
+/// ## Persistency
+/// Almost every change is persistent between multiple calls to the event loop closure within a
+/// given run loop. The only exception to this is `Exit` which, once set, cannot be unset. Changes
+/// are **not** persistent between multiple calls to `run_return` - issuing a new call will reset
+/// the control flow to `Poll`.
+///
+/// [events_cleared]: crate::event::Event::RedrawEventsCleared
+#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub enum ControlFlow {
+    /// When the current loop iteration finishes, immediately begin a new iteration regardless of
+    /// whether or not new events are available to process.
+    ///
+    /// ## Platform-specific
+    /// - **Web:** Events are queued and usually sent when `requestAnimationFrame` fires but sometimes
+    ///   the events in the queue may be sent before the next `requestAnimationFrame` callback, for
+    ///   example when the scaling of the page has changed. This should be treated as an implementation
+    ///   detail which should not be relied on.
+    Poll,
+    /// When the current loop iteration finishes, suspend the thread until another event arrives.
+    Wait,
+    /// When the current loop iteration finishes, suspend the thread until either another event
+    /// arrives or the given time is reached.
+    WaitUntil(Instant),
+    /// Send a `LoopDestroyed` event and stop the event loop. This variant is *sticky* - once set,
+    /// `control_flow` cannot be changed from `Exit`, and any future attempts to do so will result
+    /// in the `control_flow` parameter being reset to `Exit`.
+    Exit,
+}
+
+impl Default for ControlFlow {
+    #[inline(always)]
+    fn default() -> ControlFlow {
+        ControlFlow::Poll
+    }
+}
+
+impl EventLoop<()> {
+    /// Builds a new event loop with a `()` as the user event type.
+    ///
+    /// ***For cross-platform compatibility, the `EventLoop` must be created on the main thread.***
+    /// Attempting to create the event loop on a different thread will panic. This restriction isn't
+    /// strictly necessary on all platforms, but is imposed to eliminate any nasty surprises when
+    /// porting to platforms that require it. `EventLoopExt::new_any_thread` functions are exposed
+    /// in the relevant `platform` module if the target platform supports creating an event loop on
+    /// any thread.
+    ///
+    /// Usage will result in display backend initialisation, this can be controlled on linux
+    /// using an environment variable `WINIT_UNIX_BACKEND`. Legal values are `x11` and `wayland`.
+    /// If it is not set, winit will try to connect to a wayland connection, and if it fails will
+    /// fallback on x11. If this variable is set with any other value, winit will panic.
+    ///
+    /// ## Platform-specific
+    ///
+    /// - **iOS:** Can only be called on the main thread.
+    pub fn new() -> EventLoop<()> {
+        EventLoop::<()>::with_user_event()
+    }
+}
+
+impl<T> EventLoop<T> {
+    /// Builds a new event loop.
+    ///
+    /// All caveats documented in [`EventLoop::new`] apply to this function.
+    ///
+    /// ## Platform-specific
+    ///
+    /// - **iOS:** Can only be called on the main thread.
+    pub fn with_user_event() -> EventLoop<T> {
+        EventLoop {
+            event_loop: platform_impl::EventLoop::new(),
+            _marker: ::std::marker::PhantomData,
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Hijacks the calling thread and initializes the winit event loop with the provided
+    /// closure. Since the closure is `'static`, it must be a `move` closure if it needs to
+    /// access any data from the calling context.
+    ///
+    /// See the [`ControlFlow`] docs for information on how changes to `&mut ControlFlow` impact the
+    /// event loop's behavior.
+    ///
+    /// Any values not passed to this function will *not* be dropped.
+    ///
+    /// [`ControlFlow`]: crate::event_loop::ControlFlow
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn run<F>(self, event_handler: F) -> !
+    where
+        F: 'static + FnMut(Event<'_, T>, &EventLoopWindowTarget<T>, &mut ControlFlow),
+    {
+        self.event_loop.run(event_handler)
+    }
+
+    /// Creates an `EventLoopProxy` that can be used to dispatch user events to the main event loop.
+    pub fn create_proxy(&self) -> EventLoopProxy<T> {
+        EventLoopProxy {
+            event_loop_proxy: self.event_loop.create_proxy(),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<T> Deref for EventLoop<T> {
+    type Target = EventLoopWindowTarget<T>;
+    fn deref(&self) -> &EventLoopWindowTarget<T> {
+        self.event_loop.window_target()
+    }
+}
+
+impl<T> EventLoopWindowTarget<T> {
+    /// Returns the list of all the monitors available on the system.
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn available_monitors(&self) -> impl Iterator<Item = MonitorHandle> {
+        self.p
+            .available_monitors()
+            .into_iter()
+            .map(|inner| MonitorHandle { inner })
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the primary monitor of the system.
+    ///
+    /// Returns `None` if it can't identify any monitor as a primary one.
+    ///
+    /// ## Platform-specific
+    ///
+    /// **Wayland:** Always returns `None`.
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn primary_monitor(&self) -> Option<MonitorHandle> {
+        self.p.primary_monitor()
+    }
+}
+
+/// Used to send custom events to `EventLoop`.
+pub struct EventLoopProxy<T: 'static> {
+    event_loop_proxy: platform_impl::EventLoopProxy<T>,
+}
+
+impl<T: 'static> Clone for EventLoopProxy<T> {
+    fn clone(&self) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            event_loop_proxy: self.event_loop_proxy.clone(),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<T: 'static> EventLoopProxy<T> {
+    /// Send an event to the `EventLoop` from which this proxy was created. This emits a
+    /// `UserEvent(event)` event in the event loop, where `event` is the value passed to this
+    /// function.
+    ///
+    /// Returns an `Err` if the associated `EventLoop` no longer exists.
+    pub fn send_event(&self, event: T) -> Result<(), EventLoopClosed<T>> {
+        self.event_loop_proxy.send_event(event)
+    }
+}
+
+impl<T: 'static> fmt::Debug for EventLoopProxy<T> {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
+        f.pad("EventLoopProxy { .. }")
+    }
+}
+
+/// The error that is returned when an `EventLoopProxy` attempts to wake up an `EventLoop` that
+/// no longer exists. Contains the original event given to `send_event`.
+#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
+pub struct EventLoopClosed<T>(pub T);
+
+impl<T> fmt::Display for EventLoopClosed<T> {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
+        f.write_str("Tried to wake up a closed `EventLoop`")
+    }
+}
+
+impl<T: fmt::Debug> error::Error for EventLoopClosed<T> {}

src/icon.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,135 @@
+use crate::platform_impl::PlatformIcon;
+use std::{error::Error, fmt, io, mem};
+
+#[repr(C)]
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub(crate) struct Pixel {
+    pub(crate) r: u8,
+    pub(crate) g: u8,
+    pub(crate) b: u8,
+    pub(crate) a: u8,
+}
+
+pub(crate) const PIXEL_SIZE: usize = mem::size_of::<Pixel>();
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+/// An error produced when using `Icon::from_rgba` with invalid arguments.
+pub enum BadIcon {
+    /// Produced when the length of the `rgba` argument isn't divisible by 4, thus `rgba` can't be
+    /// safely interpreted as 32bpp RGBA pixels.
+    ByteCountNotDivisibleBy4 { byte_count: usize },
+    /// Produced when the number of pixels (`rgba.len() / 4`) isn't equal to `width * height`.
+    /// At least one of your arguments is incorrect.
+    DimensionsVsPixelCount {
+        width: u32,
+        height: u32,
+        width_x_height: usize,
+        pixel_count: usize,
+    },
+    /// Produced when underlying OS functionality failed to create the icon
+    OsError(io::Error),
+}
+
+impl fmt::Display for BadIcon {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
+        match self {
+            BadIcon::ByteCountNotDivisibleBy4 { byte_count } => write!(f,
+                "The length of the `rgba` argument ({:?}) isn't divisible by 4, making it impossible to interpret as 32bpp RGBA pixels.",
+                byte_count,
+            ),
+            BadIcon::DimensionsVsPixelCount {
+                width,
+                height,
+                width_x_height,
+                pixel_count,
+            } => write!(f,
+                "The specified dimensions ({:?}x{:?}) don't match the number of pixels supplied by the `rgba` argument ({:?}). For those dimensions, the expected pixel count is {:?}.",
+                width, height, pixel_count, width_x_height,
+            ),
+            BadIcon::OsError(e) => write!(f, "OS error when instantiating the icon: {:?}", e),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl Error for BadIcon {
+    fn source(&self) -> Option<&(dyn Error + 'static)> {
+        Some(self)
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub(crate) struct RgbaIcon {
+    pub(crate) rgba: Vec<u8>,
+    pub(crate) width: u32,
+    pub(crate) height: u32,
+}
+
+/// For platforms which don't have window icons (e.g. web)
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub(crate) struct NoIcon;
+
+#[allow(dead_code)] // These are not used on every platform
+mod constructors {
+    use super::*;
+
+    impl RgbaIcon {
+        /// Creates an `Icon` from 32bpp RGBA data.
+        ///
+        /// The length of `rgba` must be divisible by 4, and `width * height` must equal
+        /// `rgba.len() / 4`. Otherwise, this will return a `BadIcon` error.
+        pub fn from_rgba(rgba: Vec<u8>, width: u32, height: u32) -> Result<Self, BadIcon> {
+            if rgba.len() % PIXEL_SIZE != 0 {
+                return Err(BadIcon::ByteCountNotDivisibleBy4 {
+                    byte_count: rgba.len(),
+                });
+            }
+            let pixel_count = rgba.len() / PIXEL_SIZE;
+            if pixel_count != (width * height) as usize {
+                Err(BadIcon::DimensionsVsPixelCount {
+                    width,
+                    height,
+                    width_x_height: (width * height) as usize,
+                    pixel_count,
+                })
+            } else {
+                Ok(RgbaIcon {
+                    rgba,
+                    width,
+                    height,
+                })
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    impl NoIcon {
+        pub fn from_rgba(rgba: Vec<u8>, width: u32, height: u32) -> Result<Self, BadIcon> {
+            // Create the rgba icon anyway to validate the input
+            let _ = RgbaIcon::from_rgba(rgba, width, height)?;
+            Ok(NoIcon)
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// An icon used for the window titlebar, taskbar, etc.
+#[derive(Clone)]
+pub struct Icon {
+    pub(crate) inner: PlatformIcon,
+}
+
+impl fmt::Debug for Icon {
+    fn fmt(&self, formatter: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> Result<(), fmt::Error> {
+        fmt::Debug::fmt(&self.inner, formatter)
+    }
+}
+
+impl Icon {
+    /// Creates an `Icon` from 32bpp RGBA data.
+    ///
+    /// The length of `rgba` must be divisible by 4, and `width * height` must equal
+    /// `rgba.len() / 4`. Otherwise, this will return a `BadIcon` error.
+    pub fn from_rgba(rgba: Vec<u8>, width: u32, height: u32) -> Result<Self, BadIcon> {
+        Ok(Icon {
+            inner: PlatformIcon::from_rgba(rgba, width, height)?,
+        })
+    }
+}

src/lib.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,162 @@
+//! Winit is a cross-platform window creation and event loop management library.
+//!
+//! # Building windows
+//!
+//! Before you can build a [`Window`], you first need to build an [`EventLoop`]. This is done with the
+//! [`EventLoop::new()`] function.
+//!
+//! ```no_run
+//! use winit::event_loop::EventLoop;
+//! let event_loop = EventLoop::new();
+//! ```
+//!
+//! Once this is done there are two ways to create a [`Window`]:
+//!
+//!  - Calling [`Window::new(&event_loop)`][window_new].
+//!  - Calling [`let builder = WindowBuilder::new()`][window_builder_new] then [`builder.build(&event_loop)`][window_builder_build].
+//!
+//! The first method is the simplest, and will give you default values for everything. The second
+//! method allows you to customize the way your [`Window`] will look and behave by modifying the
+//! fields of the [`WindowBuilder`] object before you create the [`Window`].
+//!
+//! # Event handling
+//!
+//! Once a [`Window`] has been created, it will generate different *events*. A [`Window`] object can
+//! generate [`WindowEvent`]s when certain input events occur, such as a cursor moving over the
+//! window or a key getting pressed while the window is focused. Devices can generate
+//! [`DeviceEvent`]s, which contain unfiltered event data that isn't specific to a certain window.
+//! Some user activity, like mouse movement, can generate both a [`WindowEvent`] *and* a
+//! [`DeviceEvent`]. You can also create and handle your own custom [`UserEvent`]s, if desired.
+//!
+//! You can retrieve events by calling [`EventLoop::run`][event_loop_run]. This function will
+//! dispatch events for every [`Window`] that was created with that particular [`EventLoop`], and
+//! will run until the `control_flow` argument given to the closure is set to
+//! [`ControlFlow`]`::`[`Exit`], at which point [`Event`]`::`[`LoopDestroyed`] is emitted and the
+//! entire program terminates.
+//!
+//! Winit no longer uses a `EventLoop::poll_events() -> impl Iterator<Event>`-based event loop
+//! model, since that can't be implemented properly on some platforms (e.g web, iOS) and works poorly on
+//! most other platforms. However, this model can be re-implemented to an extent with
+//! [`EventLoopExtRunReturn::run_return`]. See that method's documentation for more reasons about why
+//! it's discouraged, beyond compatibility reasons.
+//!
+//!
+//! ```no_run
+//! use winit::{
+//!     event::{Event, WindowEvent},
+//!     event_loop::{ControlFlow, EventLoop},
+//!     window::WindowBuilder,
+//! };
+//!
+//! let event_loop = EventLoop::new();
+//! let window = WindowBuilder::new().build(&event_loop).unwrap();
+//!
+//! event_loop.run(move |event, _, control_flow| {
+//!     // ControlFlow::Poll continuously runs the event loop, even if the OS hasn't
+//!     // dispatched any events. This is ideal for games and similar applications.
+//!     *control_flow = ControlFlow::Poll;
+//!
+//!     // ControlFlow::Wait pauses the event loop if no events are available to process.
+//!     // This is ideal for non-game applications that only update in response to user
+//!     // input, and uses significantly less power/CPU time than ControlFlow::Poll.
+//!     *control_flow = ControlFlow::Wait;
+//!
+//!     match event {
+//!         Event::WindowEvent {
+//!             event: WindowEvent::CloseRequested,
+//!             ..
+//!         } => {
+//!             println!("The close button was pressed; stopping");
+//!             *control_flow = ControlFlow::Exit
+//!         },
+//!         Event::MainEventsCleared => {
+//!             // Application update code.
+//!
+//!             // Queue a RedrawRequested event.
+//!             //
+//!             // You only need to call this if you've determined that you need to redraw, in
+//!             // applications which do not always need to. Applications that redraw continuously
+//!             // can just render here instead.
+//!             window.request_redraw();
+//!         },
+//!         Event::RedrawRequested(_) => {
+//!             // Redraw the application.
+//!             //
+//!             // It's preferable for applications that do not render continuously to render in
+//!             // this event rather than in MainEventsCleared, since rendering in here allows
+//!             // the program to gracefully handle redraws requested by the OS.
+//!         },
+//!         _ => ()
+//!     }
+//! });
+//! ```
+//!
+//! [`Event`]`::`[`WindowEvent`] has a [`WindowId`] member. In multi-window environments, it should be
+//! compared to the value returned by [`Window::id()`][window_id_fn] to determine which [`Window`]
+//! dispatched the event.
+//!
+//! # Drawing on the window
+//!
+//! Winit doesn't directly provide any methods for drawing on a [`Window`]. However it allows you to
+//! retrieve the raw handle of the window (see the [`platform`] module and/or the
+//! [`raw_window_handle`] method), which in turn allows you to create an
+//! OpenGL/Vulkan/DirectX/Metal/etc. context that can be used to render graphics.
+//!
+//! Note that many platforms will display garbage data in the window's client area if the
+//! application doesn't render anything to the window by the time the desktop compositor is ready to
+//! display the window to the user. If you notice this happening, you should create the window with
+//! [`visible` set to `false`](crate::window::WindowBuilder::with_visible) and explicitly make the
+//! window visible only once you're ready to render into it.
+//!
+//! [`EventLoop`]: event_loop::EventLoop
+//! [`EventLoopExtRunReturn::run_return`]: ./platform/run_return/trait.EventLoopExtRunReturn.html#tymethod.run_return
+//! [`EventLoop::new()`]: event_loop::EventLoop::new
+//! [event_loop_run]: event_loop::EventLoop::run
+//! [`ControlFlow`]: event_loop::ControlFlow
+//! [`Exit`]: event_loop::ControlFlow::Exit
+//! [`Window`]: window::Window
+//! [`WindowId`]: window::WindowId
+//! [`WindowBuilder`]: window::WindowBuilder
+//! [window_new]: window::Window::new
+//! [window_builder_new]: window::WindowBuilder::new
+//! [window_builder_build]: window::WindowBuilder::build
+//! [window_id_fn]: window::Window::id
+//! [`Event`]: event::Event
+//! [`WindowEvent`]: event::WindowEvent
+//! [`DeviceEvent`]: event::DeviceEvent
+//! [`UserEvent`]: event::Event::UserEvent
+//! [`LoopDestroyed`]: event::Event::LoopDestroyed
+//! [`platform`]: platform
+//! [`raw_window_handle`]: ./window/struct.Window.html#method.raw_window_handle
+
+#![deny(rust_2018_idioms)]
+#![deny(broken_intra_doc_links)]
+
+#[allow(unused_imports)]
+#[macro_use]
+extern crate lazy_static;
+#[allow(unused_imports)]
+#[macro_use]
+extern crate log;
+#[cfg(feature = "serde")]
+#[macro_use]
+extern crate serde;
+#[macro_use]
+extern crate bitflags;
+#[cfg(any(target_os = "macos", target_os = "ios"))]
+#[macro_use]
+extern crate objc;
+#[cfg(all(target_arch = "wasm32", feature = "std_web"))]
+extern crate std_web as stdweb;
+
+pub mod dpi;
+#[macro_use]
+pub mod error;
+pub mod event;
+pub mod event_loop;
+mod icon;
+pub mod monitor;
+mod platform_impl;
+pub mod window;
+
+pub mod platform;

src/monitor.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,174 @@
+//! Types useful for interacting with a user's monitors.
+//!
+//! If you want to get basic information about a monitor, you can use the [`MonitorHandle`][monitor_handle]
+//! type. This is retrieved from one of the following methods, which return an iterator of
+//! [`MonitorHandle`][monitor_handle]:
+//! - [`EventLoopWindowTarget::available_monitors`][loop_get]
+//! - [`Window::available_monitors`][window_get].
+//!
+//! [monitor_handle]: crate::monitor::MonitorHandle
+//! [loop_get]: crate::event_loop::EventLoopWindowTarget::available_monitors
+//! [window_get]: crate::window::Window::available_monitors
+use crate::{
+    dpi::{PhysicalPosition, PhysicalSize},
+    platform_impl,
+};
+
+/// Describes a fullscreen video mode of a monitor.
+///
+/// Can be acquired with:
+/// - [`MonitorHandle::video_modes`][monitor_get].
+///
+/// [monitor_get]: crate::monitor::MonitorHandle::video_modes
+#[derive(Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
+pub struct VideoMode {
+    pub(crate) video_mode: platform_impl::VideoMode,
+}
+
+impl std::fmt::Debug for VideoMode {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
+        self.video_mode.fmt(f)
+    }
+}
+
+impl PartialOrd for VideoMode {
+    fn partial_cmp(&self, other: &VideoMode) -> Option<std::cmp::Ordering> {
+        Some(self.cmp(other))
+    }
+}
+
+impl Ord for VideoMode {
+    fn cmp(&self, other: &VideoMode) -> std::cmp::Ordering {
+        // TODO: we can impl `Ord` for `PhysicalSize` once we switch from `f32`
+        // to `u32` there
+        let size: (u32, u32) = self.size().into();
+        let other_size: (u32, u32) = other.size().into();
+        self.monitor().cmp(&other.monitor()).then(
+            size.cmp(&other_size)
+                .then(
+                    self.refresh_rate()
+                        .cmp(&other.refresh_rate())
+                        .then(self.bit_depth().cmp(&other.bit_depth())),
+                )
+                .reverse(),
+        )
+    }
+}
+
+impl VideoMode {
+    /// Returns the resolution of this video mode.
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn size(&self) -> PhysicalSize<u32> {
+        self.video_mode.size()
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the bit depth of this video mode, as in how many bits you have
+    /// available per color. This is generally 24 bits or 32 bits on modern
+    /// systems, depending on whether the alpha channel is counted or not.
+    ///
+    /// ## Platform-specific
+    ///
+    /// - **Wayland:** Always returns 32.
+    /// - **iOS:** Always returns 32.
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn bit_depth(&self) -> u16 {
+        self.video_mode.bit_depth()
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the refresh rate of this video mode. **Note**: the returned
+    /// refresh rate is an integer approximation, and you shouldn't rely on this
+    /// value to be exact.
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn refresh_rate(&self) -> u16 {
+        self.video_mode.refresh_rate()
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the monitor that this video mode is valid for. Each monitor has
+    /// a separate set of valid video modes.
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn monitor(&self) -> MonitorHandle {
+        self.video_mode.monitor()
+    }
+}
+
+impl std::fmt::Display for VideoMode {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
+        write!(
+            f,
+            "{}x{} @ {} Hz ({} bpp)",
+            self.size().width,
+            self.size().height,
+            self.refresh_rate(),
+            self.bit_depth()
+        )
+    }
+}
+
+/// Handle to a monitor.
+///
+/// Allows you to retrieve information about a given monitor and can be used in [`Window`] creation.
+///
+/// [`Window`]: crate::window::Window
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord)]
+pub struct MonitorHandle {
+    pub(crate) inner: platform_impl::MonitorHandle,
+}
+
+impl MonitorHandle {
+    /// Returns a human-readable name of the monitor.
+    ///
+    /// Returns `None` if the monitor doesn't exist anymore.
+    ///
+    /// ## Platform-specific
+    ///
+    /// - **Web:** Always returns None
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn name(&self) -> Option<String> {
+        self.inner.name()
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the monitor's resolution.
+    ///
+    /// ## Platform-specific
+    ///
+    /// - **Web:** Always returns (0,0)
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn size(&self) -> PhysicalSize<u32> {
+        self.inner.size()
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the top-left corner position of the monitor relative to the larger full
+    /// screen area.
+    ///
+    /// ## Platform-specific
+    ///
+    /// - **Web:** Always returns (0,0)
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn position(&self) -> PhysicalPosition<i32> {
+        self.inner.position()
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the scale factor that can be used to map logical pixels to physical pixels, and vice versa.
+    ///
+    /// See the [`dpi`](crate::dpi) module for more information.
+    ///
+    /// ## Platform-specific
+    ///
+    /// - **X11:** Can be overridden using the `WINIT_X11_SCALE_FACTOR` environment variable.
+    /// - **Android:** Always returns 1.0.
+    /// - **Web:** Always returns 1.0
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn scale_factor(&self) -> f64 {
+        self.inner.scale_factor()
+    }
+
+    /// Returns all fullscreen video modes supported by this monitor.
+    ///
+    /// ## Platform-specific
+    ///
+    /// - **Web:** Always returns an empty iterator
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn video_modes(&self) -> impl Iterator<Item = VideoMode> {
+        self.inner.video_modes()
+    }
+}

src/platform/android.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+#![cfg(any(target_os = "android"))]
+
+use crate::{
+    event_loop::{EventLoop, EventLoopWindowTarget},
+    window::{Window, WindowBuilder},
+};
+use ndk::configuration::Configuration;
+use ndk_glue::Rect;
+
+/// Additional methods on `EventLoop` that are specific to Android.
+pub trait EventLoopExtAndroid {}
+
+impl<T> EventLoopExtAndroid for EventLoop<T> {}
+
+/// Additional methods on `EventLoopWindowTarget` that are specific to Android.
+pub trait EventLoopWindowTargetExtAndroid {}
+
+/// Additional methods on `Window` that are specific to Android.
+pub trait WindowExtAndroid {
+    fn content_rect(&self) -> Rect;
+
+    fn config(&self) -> Configuration;
+}
+
+impl WindowExtAndroid for Window {
+    fn content_rect(&self) -> Rect {
+        self.window.content_rect()
+    }
+
+    fn config(&self) -> Configuration {
+        self.window.config()
+    }
+}
+
+impl<T> EventLoopWindowTargetExtAndroid for EventLoopWindowTarget<T> {}
+
+/// Additional methods on `WindowBuilder` that are specific to Android.
+pub trait WindowBuilderExtAndroid {}
+
+impl WindowBuilderExtAndroid for WindowBuilder {}

src/platform/ios.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,317 @@
+#![cfg(target_os = "ios")]
+
+use std::os::raw::c_void;
+
+use crate::{
+    event_loop::EventLoop,
+    monitor::{MonitorHandle, VideoMode},
+    window::{Window, WindowBuilder},
+};
+
+/// Additional methods on [`EventLoop`] that are specific to iOS.
+pub trait EventLoopExtIOS {
+    /// Returns the [`Idiom`] (phone/tablet/tv/etc) for the current device.
+    fn idiom(&self) -> Idiom;
+}
+
+impl<T: 'static> EventLoopExtIOS for EventLoop<T> {
+    fn idiom(&self) -> Idiom {
+        self.event_loop.idiom()
+    }
+}
+
+/// Additional methods on [`Window`] that are specific to iOS.
+pub trait WindowExtIOS {
+    /// Returns a pointer to the [`UIWindow`] that is used by this window.
+    ///
+    /// The pointer will become invalid when the [`Window`] is destroyed.
+    ///
+    /// [`UIWindow`]: https://developer.apple.com/documentation/uikit/uiwindow?language=objc
+    fn ui_window(&self) -> *mut c_void;
+
+    /// Returns a pointer to the [`UIViewController`] that is used by this window.
+    ///
+    /// The pointer will become invalid when the [`Window`] is destroyed.
+    ///
+    /// [`UIViewController`]: https://developer.apple.com/documentation/uikit/uiviewcontroller?language=objc
+    fn ui_view_controller(&self) -> *mut c_void;
+
+    /// Returns a pointer to the [`UIView`] that is used by this window.
+    ///
+    /// The pointer will become invalid when the [`Window`] is destroyed.
+    ///
+    /// [`UIView`]: https://developer.apple.com/documentation/uikit/uiview?language=objc
+    fn ui_view(&self) -> *mut c_void;
+
+    /// Sets the [`contentScaleFactor`] of the underlying [`UIWindow`] to `scale_factor`.
+    ///
+    /// The default value is device dependent, and it's recommended GLES or Metal applications set
+    /// this to [`MonitorHandle::scale_factor()`].
+    ///
+    /// [`UIWindow`]: https://developer.apple.com/documentation/uikit/uiwindow?language=objc
+    /// [`contentScaleFactor`]: https://developer.apple.com/documentation/uikit/uiview/1622657-contentscalefactor?language=objc
+    fn set_scale_factor(&self, scale_factor: f64);
+
+    /// Sets the valid orientations for the [`Window`].
+    ///
+    /// The default value is [`ValidOrientations::LandscapeAndPortrait`].
+    ///
+    /// This changes the value returned by
+    /// [`-[UIViewController supportedInterfaceOrientations]`](https://developer.apple.com/documentation/uikit/uiviewcontroller/1621435-supportedinterfaceorientations?language=objc),
+    /// and then calls
+    /// [`-[UIViewController attemptRotationToDeviceOrientation]`](https://developer.apple.com/documentation/uikit/uiviewcontroller/1621400-attemptrotationtodeviceorientati?language=objc).
+    fn set_valid_orientations(&self, valid_orientations: ValidOrientations);
+
+    /// Sets whether the [`Window`] prefers the home indicator hidden.
+    ///
+    /// The default is to prefer showing the home indicator.
+    ///
+    /// This changes the value returned by
+    /// [`-[UIViewController prefersHomeIndicatorAutoHidden]`](https://developer.apple.com/documentation/uikit/uiviewcontroller/2887510-prefershomeindicatorautohidden?language=objc),
+    /// and then calls
+    /// [`-[UIViewController setNeedsUpdateOfHomeIndicatorAutoHidden]`](https://developer.apple.com/documentation/uikit/uiviewcontroller/2887509-setneedsupdateofhomeindicatoraut?language=objc).
+    ///
+    /// This only has an effect on iOS 11.0+.
+    fn set_prefers_home_indicator_hidden(&self, hidden: bool);
+
+    /// Sets the screen edges for which the system gestures will take a lower priority than the
+    /// application's touch handling.
+    ///
+    /// This changes the value returned by
+    /// [`-[UIViewController preferredScreenEdgesDeferringSystemGestures]`](https://developer.apple.com/documentation/uikit/uiviewcontroller/2887512-preferredscreenedgesdeferringsys?language=objc),
+    /// and then calls
+    /// [`-[UIViewController setNeedsUpdateOfScreenEdgesDeferringSystemGestures]`](https://developer.apple.com/documentation/uikit/uiviewcontroller/2887507-setneedsupdateofscreenedgesdefer?language=objc).
+    ///
+    /// This only has an effect on iOS 11.0+.
+    fn set_preferred_screen_edges_deferring_system_gestures(&self, edges: ScreenEdge);
+
+    /// Sets whether the [`Window`] prefers the status bar hidden.
+    ///
+    /// The default is to prefer showing the status bar.
+    ///
+    /// This changes the value returned by
+    /// [`-[UIViewController prefersStatusBarHidden]`](https://developer.apple.com/documentation/uikit/uiviewcontroller/1621440-prefersstatusbarhidden?language=objc),
+    /// and then calls
+    /// [`-[UIViewController setNeedsStatusBarAppearanceUpdate]`](https://developer.apple.com/documentation/uikit/uiviewcontroller/1621354-setneedsstatusbarappearanceupdat?language=objc).
+    fn set_prefers_status_bar_hidden(&self, hidden: bool);
+}
+
+impl WindowExtIOS for Window {
+    #[inline]
+    fn ui_window(&self) -> *mut c_void {
+        self.window.ui_window() as _
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn ui_view_controller(&self) -> *mut c_void {
+        self.window.ui_view_controller() as _
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn ui_view(&self) -> *mut c_void {
+        self.window.ui_view() as _
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn set_scale_factor(&self, scale_factor: f64) {
+        self.window.set_scale_factor(scale_factor)
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn set_valid_orientations(&self, valid_orientations: ValidOrientations) {
+        self.window.set_valid_orientations(valid_orientations)
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn set_prefers_home_indicator_hidden(&self, hidden: bool) {
+        self.window.set_prefers_home_indicator_hidden(hidden)
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn set_preferred_screen_edges_deferring_system_gestures(&self, edges: ScreenEdge) {
+        self.window
+            .set_preferred_screen_edges_deferring_system_gestures(edges)
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn set_prefers_status_bar_hidden(&self, hidden: bool) {
+        self.window.set_prefers_status_bar_hidden(hidden)
+    }
+}
+
+/// Additional methods on [`WindowBuilder`] that are specific to iOS.
+pub trait WindowBuilderExtIOS {
+    /// Sets the root view class used by the [`Window`], otherwise a barebones [`UIView`] is provided.
+    ///
+    /// An instance of the class will be initialized by calling [`-[UIView initWithFrame:]`](https://developer.apple.com/documentation/uikit/uiview/1622488-initwithframe?language=objc).
+    ///
+    /// [`UIView`]: https://developer.apple.com/documentation/uikit/uiview?language=objc
+    fn with_root_view_class(self, root_view_class: *const c_void) -> WindowBuilder;
+
+    /// Sets the [`contentScaleFactor`] of the underlying [`UIWindow`] to `scale_factor`.
+    ///
+    /// The default value is device dependent, and it's recommended GLES or Metal applications set
+    /// this to [`MonitorHandle::scale_factor()`].
+    ///
+    /// [`UIWindow`]: https://developer.apple.com/documentation/uikit/uiwindow?language=objc
+    /// [`contentScaleFactor`]: https://developer.apple.com/documentation/uikit/uiview/1622657-contentscalefactor?language=objc
+    fn with_scale_factor(self, scale_factor: f64) -> WindowBuilder;
+
+    /// Sets the valid orientations for the [`Window`].
+    ///
+    /// The default value is [`ValidOrientations::LandscapeAndPortrait`].
+    ///
+    /// This sets the initial value returned by
+    /// [`-[UIViewController supportedInterfaceOrientations]`](https://developer.apple.com/documentation/uikit/uiviewcontroller/1621435-supportedinterfaceorientations?language=objc).
+    fn with_valid_orientations(self, valid_orientations: ValidOrientations) -> WindowBuilder;
+
+    /// Sets whether the [`Window`] prefers the home indicator hidden.
+    ///
+    /// The default is to prefer showing the home indicator.
+    ///
+    /// This sets the initial value returned by
+    /// [`-[UIViewController prefersHomeIndicatorAutoHidden]`](https://developer.apple.com/documentation/uikit/uiviewcontroller/2887510-prefershomeindicatorautohidden?language=objc).
+    ///
+    /// This only has an effect on iOS 11.0+.
+    fn with_prefers_home_indicator_hidden(self, hidden: bool) -> WindowBuilder;
+
+    /// Sets the screen edges for which the system gestures will take a lower priority than the
+    /// application's touch handling.
+    ///
+    /// This sets the initial value returned by
+    /// [`-[UIViewController preferredScreenEdgesDeferringSystemGestures]`](https://developer.apple.com/documentation/uikit/uiviewcontroller/2887512-preferredscreenedgesdeferringsys?language=objc).
+    ///
+    /// This only has an effect on iOS 11.0+.
+    fn with_preferred_screen_edges_deferring_system_gestures(
+        self,
+        edges: ScreenEdge,
+    ) -> WindowBuilder;
+
+    /// Sets whether the [`Window`] prefers the status bar hidden.
+    ///
+    /// The default is to prefer showing the status bar.
+    ///
+    /// This sets the initial value returned by
+    /// [`-[UIViewController prefersStatusBarHidden]`](https://developer.apple.com/documentation/uikit/uiviewcontroller/1621440-prefersstatusbarhidden?language=objc).
+    fn with_prefers_status_bar_hidden(self, hidden: bool) -> WindowBuilder;
+}
+
+impl WindowBuilderExtIOS for WindowBuilder {
+    #[inline]
+    fn with_root_view_class(mut self, root_view_class: *const c_void) -> WindowBuilder {
+        self.platform_specific.root_view_class = unsafe { &*(root_view_class as *const _) };
+        self
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn with_scale_factor(mut self, scale_factor: f64) -> WindowBuilder {
+        self.platform_specific.scale_factor = Some(scale_factor);
+        self
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn with_valid_orientations(mut self, valid_orientations: ValidOrientations) -> WindowBuilder {
+        self.platform_specific.valid_orientations = valid_orientations;
+        self
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn with_prefers_home_indicator_hidden(mut self, hidden: bool) -> WindowBuilder {
+        self.platform_specific.prefers_home_indicator_hidden = hidden;
+        self
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn with_preferred_screen_edges_deferring_system_gestures(
+        mut self,
+        edges: ScreenEdge,
+    ) -> WindowBuilder {
+        self.platform_specific
+            .preferred_screen_edges_deferring_system_gestures = edges;
+        self
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn with_prefers_status_bar_hidden(mut self, hidden: bool) -> WindowBuilder {
+        self.platform_specific.prefers_status_bar_hidden = hidden;
+        self
+    }
+}
+
+/// Additional methods on [`MonitorHandle`] that are specific to iOS.
+pub trait MonitorHandleExtIOS {
+    /// Returns a pointer to the [`UIScreen`] that is used by this monitor.
+    ///
+    /// [`UIScreen`]: https://developer.apple.com/documentation/uikit/uiscreen?language=objc
+    fn ui_screen(&self) -> *mut c_void;
+
+    /// Returns the preferred [`VideoMode`] for this monitor.
+    ///
+    /// This translates to a call to [`-[UIScreen preferredMode]`](https://developer.apple.com/documentation/uikit/uiscreen/1617823-preferredmode?language=objc).
+    fn preferred_video_mode(&self) -> VideoMode;
+}
+
+impl MonitorHandleExtIOS for MonitorHandle {
+    #[inline]
+    fn ui_screen(&self) -> *mut c_void {
+        self.inner.ui_screen() as _
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn preferred_video_mode(&self) -> VideoMode {
+        self.inner.preferred_video_mode()
+    }
+}
+
+/// Valid orientations for a particular [`Window`].
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug)]
+pub enum ValidOrientations {
+    /// Excludes `PortraitUpsideDown` on iphone
+    LandscapeAndPortrait,
+
+    Landscape,
+
+    /// Excludes `PortraitUpsideDown` on iphone
+    Portrait,
+}
+
+impl Default for ValidOrientations {
+    #[inline]
+    fn default() -> ValidOrientations {
+        ValidOrientations::LandscapeAndPortrait
+    }
+}
+
+/// The device [idiom].
+///
+/// [idiom]: https://developer.apple.com/documentation/uikit/uidevice/1620037-userinterfaceidiom?language=objc
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub enum Idiom {
+    Unspecified,
+
+    /// iPhone and iPod touch.
+    Phone,
+
+    /// iPad.
+    Pad,
+
+    /// tvOS and Apple TV.
+    TV,
+    CarPlay,
+}
+
+bitflags! {
+    /// The [edges] of a screen.
+    ///
+    /// [edges]: https://developer.apple.com/documentation/uikit/uirectedge?language=objc
+    #[derive(Default)]
+    pub struct ScreenEdge: u8 {
+        const NONE   = 0;
+        const TOP    = 1 << 0;
+        const LEFT   = 1 << 1;
+        const BOTTOM = 1 << 2;
+        const RIGHT  = 1 << 3;
+        const ALL = ScreenEdge::TOP.bits | ScreenEdge::LEFT.bits
+            | ScreenEdge::BOTTOM.bits | ScreenEdge::RIGHT.bits;
+    }
+}

src/platform/macos.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,254 @@
+#![cfg(target_os = "macos")]
+
+use std::os::raw::c_void;
+
+use crate::{
+    dpi::LogicalSize,
+    event_loop::{EventLoop, EventLoopWindowTarget},
+    monitor::MonitorHandle,
+    platform_impl::get_aux_state_mut,
+    window::{Window, WindowBuilder},
+};
+
+/// Additional methods on `Window` that are specific to MacOS.
+pub trait WindowExtMacOS {
+    /// Returns a pointer to the cocoa `NSWindow` that is used by this window.
+    ///
+    /// The pointer will become invalid when the `Window` is destroyed.
+    fn ns_window(&self) -> *mut c_void;
+
+    /// Returns a pointer to the cocoa `NSView` that is used by this window.
+    ///
+    /// The pointer will become invalid when the `Window` is destroyed.
+    fn ns_view(&self) -> *mut c_void;
+
+    /// Returns whether or not the window is in simple fullscreen mode.
+    fn simple_fullscreen(&self) -> bool;
+
+    /// Toggles a fullscreen mode that doesn't require a new macOS space.
+    /// Returns a boolean indicating whether the transition was successful (this
+    /// won't work if the window was already in the native fullscreen).
+    ///
+    /// This is how fullscreen used to work on macOS in versions before Lion.
+    /// And allows the user to have a fullscreen window without using another
+    /// space or taking control over the entire monitor.
+    fn set_simple_fullscreen(&self, fullscreen: bool) -> bool;
+
+    /// Returns whether or not the window has shadow.
+    fn has_shadow(&self) -> bool;
+
+    /// Sets whether or not the window has shadow.
+    fn set_has_shadow(&self, has_shadow: bool);
+}
+
+impl WindowExtMacOS for Window {
+    #[inline]
+    fn ns_window(&self) -> *mut c_void {
+        self.window.ns_window()
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn ns_view(&self) -> *mut c_void {
+        self.window.ns_view()
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn simple_fullscreen(&self) -> bool {
+        self.window.simple_fullscreen()
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn set_simple_fullscreen(&self, fullscreen: bool) -> bool {
+        self.window.set_simple_fullscreen(fullscreen)
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn has_shadow(&self) -> bool {
+        self.window.has_shadow()
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn set_has_shadow(&self, has_shadow: bool) {
+        self.window.set_has_shadow(has_shadow)
+    }
+}
+
+/// Corresponds to `NSApplicationActivationPolicy`.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq)]
+pub enum ActivationPolicy {
+    /// Corresponds to `NSApplicationActivationPolicyRegular`.
+    Regular,
+    /// Corresponds to `NSApplicationActivationPolicyAccessory`.
+    Accessory,
+    /// Corresponds to `NSApplicationActivationPolicyProhibited`.
+    Prohibited,
+}
+
+impl Default for ActivationPolicy {
+    fn default() -> Self {
+        ActivationPolicy::Regular
+    }
+}
+
+/// Additional methods on `WindowBuilder` that are specific to MacOS.
+///
+/// **Note:** Properties dealing with the titlebar will be overwritten by the `with_decorations` method
+/// on the base `WindowBuilder`:
+///
+///  - `with_titlebar_transparent`
+///  - `with_title_hidden`
+///  - `with_titlebar_hidden`
+///  - `with_titlebar_buttons_hidden`
+///  - `with_fullsize_content_view`
+pub trait WindowBuilderExtMacOS {
+    /// Enables click-and-drag behavior for the entire window, not just the titlebar.
+    fn with_movable_by_window_background(self, movable_by_window_background: bool)
+        -> WindowBuilder;
+    /// Makes the titlebar transparent and allows the content to appear behind it.
+    fn with_titlebar_transparent(self, titlebar_transparent: bool) -> WindowBuilder;
+    /// Hides the window title.
+    fn with_title_hidden(self, title_hidden: bool) -> WindowBuilder;
+    /// Hides the window titlebar.
+    fn with_titlebar_hidden(self, titlebar_hidden: bool) -> WindowBuilder;
+    /// Hides the window titlebar buttons.
+    fn with_titlebar_buttons_hidden(self, titlebar_buttons_hidden: bool) -> WindowBuilder;
+    /// Makes the window content appear behind the titlebar.
+    fn with_fullsize_content_view(self, fullsize_content_view: bool) -> WindowBuilder;
+    /// Build window with `resizeIncrements` property. Values must not be 0.
+    fn with_resize_increments(self, increments: LogicalSize<f64>) -> WindowBuilder;
+    fn with_disallow_hidpi(self, disallow_hidpi: bool) -> WindowBuilder;
+    fn with_has_shadow(self, has_shadow: bool) -> WindowBuilder;
+}
+
+impl WindowBuilderExtMacOS for WindowBuilder {
+    #[inline]
+    fn with_movable_by_window_background(
+        mut self,
+        movable_by_window_background: bool,
+    ) -> WindowBuilder {
+        self.platform_specific.movable_by_window_background = movable_by_window_background;
+        self
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn with_titlebar_transparent(mut self, titlebar_transparent: bool) -> WindowBuilder {
+        self.platform_specific.titlebar_transparent = titlebar_transparent;
+        self
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn with_titlebar_hidden(mut self, titlebar_hidden: bool) -> WindowBuilder {
+        self.platform_specific.titlebar_hidden = titlebar_hidden;
+        self
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn with_titlebar_buttons_hidden(mut self, titlebar_buttons_hidden: bool) -> WindowBuilder {
+        self.platform_specific.titlebar_buttons_hidden = titlebar_buttons_hidden;
+        self
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn with_title_hidden(mut self, title_hidden: bool) -> WindowBuilder {
+        self.platform_specific.title_hidden = title_hidden;
+        self
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn with_fullsize_content_view(mut self, fullsize_content_view: bool) -> WindowBuilder {
+        self.platform_specific.fullsize_content_view = fullsize_content_view;
+        self
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn with_resize_increments(mut self, increments: LogicalSize<f64>) -> WindowBuilder {
+        self.platform_specific.resize_increments = Some(increments.into());
+        self
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn with_disallow_hidpi(mut self, disallow_hidpi: bool) -> WindowBuilder {
+        self.platform_specific.disallow_hidpi = disallow_hidpi;
+        self
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn with_has_shadow(mut self, has_shadow: bool) -> WindowBuilder {
+        self.platform_specific.has_shadow = has_shadow;
+        self
+    }
+}
+
+pub trait EventLoopExtMacOS {
+    /// Sets the activation policy for the application. It is set to
+    /// `NSApplicationActivationPolicyRegular` by default.
+    ///
+    /// This function only takes effect if it's called before calling [`run`](crate::event_loop::EventLoop::run) or
+    /// [`run_return`](crate::platform::run_return::EventLoopExtRunReturn::run_return)
+    fn set_activation_policy(&mut self, activation_policy: ActivationPolicy);
+
+    /// Used to prevent a default menubar menu from getting created
+    ///
+    /// The default menu creation is enabled by default.
+    ///
+    /// This function only takes effect if it's called before calling
+    /// [`run`](crate::event_loop::EventLoop::run) or
+    /// [`run_return`](crate::platform::run_return::EventLoopExtRunReturn::run_return)
+    fn enable_default_menu_creation(&mut self, enable: bool);
+}
+impl<T> EventLoopExtMacOS for EventLoop<T> {
+    #[inline]
+    fn set_activation_policy(&mut self, activation_policy: ActivationPolicy) {
+        unsafe {
+            get_aux_state_mut(&**self.event_loop.delegate).activation_policy = activation_policy;
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn enable_default_menu_creation(&mut self, enable: bool) {
+        unsafe {
+            get_aux_state_mut(&**self.event_loop.delegate).create_default_menu = enable;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Additional methods on `MonitorHandle` that are specific to MacOS.
+pub trait MonitorHandleExtMacOS {
+    /// Returns the identifier of the monitor for Cocoa.
+    fn native_id(&self) -> u32;
+    /// Returns a pointer to the NSScreen representing this monitor.
+    fn ns_screen(&self) -> Option<*mut c_void>;
+}
+
+impl MonitorHandleExtMacOS for MonitorHandle {
+    #[inline]
+    fn native_id(&self) -> u32 {
+        self.inner.native_identifier()
+    }
+
+    fn ns_screen(&self) -> Option<*mut c_void> {
+        self.inner.ns_screen().map(|s| s as *mut c_void)
+    }
+}
+
+/// Additional methods on `EventLoopWindowTarget` that are specific to macOS.
+pub trait EventLoopWindowTargetExtMacOS {
+    /// Hide the entire application. In most applications this is typically triggered with Command-H.
+    fn hide_application(&self);
+    /// Hide the other applications. In most applications this is typically triggered with Command+Option-H.
+    fn hide_other_applications(&self);
+}
+
+impl<T> EventLoopWindowTargetExtMacOS for EventLoopWindowTarget<T> {
+    fn hide_application(&self) {
+        let cls = objc::runtime::Class::get("NSApplication").unwrap();
+        let app: cocoa::base::id = unsafe { msg_send![cls, sharedApplication] };
+        unsafe { msg_send![app, hide: 0] }
+    }
+
+    fn hide_other_applications(&self) {
+        let cls = objc::runtime::Class::get("NSApplication").unwrap();
+        let app: cocoa::base::id = unsafe { msg_send![cls, sharedApplication] };
+        unsafe { msg_send![app, hideOtherApplications: 0] }
+    }
+}

src/platform/mod.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+//! Contains traits with platform-specific methods in them.
+//!
+//! Contains the follow OS-specific modules:
+//!
+//!  - `android`
+//!  - `ios`
+//!  - `macos`
+//!  - `unix`
+//!  - `windows`
+//!  - `web`
+//!
+//! And the following platform-specific module:
+//!
+//! - `run_return` (available on `windows`, `unix`, `macos`, and `android`)
+//!
+//! However only the module corresponding to the platform you're compiling to will be available.
+
+pub mod android;
+pub mod ios;
+pub mod macos;
+pub mod unix;
+pub mod windows;
+
+pub mod run_return;
+pub mod web;

src/platform/run_return.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+#![cfg(any(
+    target_os = "windows",
+    target_os = "macos",
+    target_os = "android",
+    target_os = "linux",
+    target_os = "dragonfly",
+    target_os = "freebsd",
+    target_os = "netbsd",
+    target_os = "openbsd"
+))]
+
+use crate::{
+    event::Event,
+    event_loop::{ControlFlow, EventLoop, EventLoopWindowTarget},
+};
+
+/// Additional methods on `EventLoop` to return control flow to the caller.
+pub trait EventLoopExtRunReturn {
+    /// A type provided by the user that can be passed through `Event::UserEvent`.
+    type UserEvent;
+
+    /// Initializes the `winit` event loop.
+    ///
+    /// Unlike `run`, this function accepts non-`'static` (i.e. non-`move`) closures and returns
+    /// control flow to the caller when `control_flow` is set to `ControlFlow::Exit`.
+    ///
+    /// # Caveats
+    /// Despite its appearance at first glance, this is *not* a perfect replacement for
+    /// `poll_events`. For example, this function will not return on Windows or macOS while a
+    /// window is getting resized, resulting in all application logic outside of the
+    /// `event_handler` closure not running until the resize operation ends. Other OS operations
+    /// may also result in such freezes. This behavior is caused by fundamental limitations in the
+    /// underlying OS APIs, which cannot be hidden by `winit` without severe stability repercussions.
+    ///
+    /// You are strongly encouraged to use `run`, unless the use of this is absolutely necessary.
+    fn run_return<F>(&mut self, event_handler: F)
+    where
+        F: FnMut(
+            Event<'_, Self::UserEvent>,
+            &EventLoopWindowTarget<Self::UserEvent>,
+            &mut ControlFlow,
+        );
+}
+
+impl<T> EventLoopExtRunReturn for EventLoop<T> {
+    type UserEvent = T;
+
+    fn run_return<F>(&mut self, event_handler: F)
+    where
+        F: FnMut(
+            Event<'_, Self::UserEvent>,
+            &EventLoopWindowTarget<Self::UserEvent>,
+            &mut ControlFlow,
+        ),
+    {
+        self.event_loop.run_return(event_handler)
+    }
+}

src/platform/unix.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,531 @@
+#![cfg(any(
+    target_os = "linux",
+    target_os = "dragonfly",
+    target_os = "freebsd",
+    target_os = "netbsd",
+    target_os = "openbsd"
+))]
+
+use std::os::raw;
+#[cfg(feature = "x11")]
+use std::{ptr, sync::Arc};
+
+use crate::{
+    event_loop::{EventLoop, EventLoopWindowTarget},
+    monitor::MonitorHandle,
+    window::{Window, WindowBuilder},
+};
+
+#[cfg(feature = "x11")]
+use crate::dpi::Size;
+#[cfg(feature = "x11")]
+use crate::platform_impl::x11::{ffi::XVisualInfo, XConnection};
+use crate::platform_impl::{
+    EventLoop as LinuxEventLoop, EventLoopWindowTarget as LinuxEventLoopWindowTarget,
+    Window as LinuxWindow,
+};
+
+// TODO: stupid hack so that glutin can do its work
+#[doc(hidden)]
+#[cfg(feature = "x11")]
+pub use crate::platform_impl::x11;
+#[cfg(feature = "x11")]
+pub use crate::platform_impl::{x11::util::WindowType as XWindowType, XNotSupported};
+
+/// Additional methods on `EventLoopWindowTarget` that are specific to Unix.
+pub trait EventLoopWindowTargetExtUnix {
+    /// True if the `EventLoopWindowTarget` uses Wayland.
+    #[cfg(feature = "wayland")]
+    fn is_wayland(&self) -> bool;
+
+    /// True if the `EventLoopWindowTarget` uses X11.
+    #[cfg(feature = "x11")]
+    fn is_x11(&self) -> bool;
+
+    #[doc(hidden)]
+    #[cfg(feature = "x11")]
+    fn xlib_xconnection(&self) -> Option<Arc<XConnection>>;
+
+    /// Returns a pointer to the `wl_display` object of wayland that is used by this
+    /// `EventLoopWindowTarget`.
+    ///
+    /// Returns `None` if the `EventLoop` doesn't use wayland (if it uses xlib for example).
+    ///
+    /// The pointer will become invalid when the winit `EventLoop` is destroyed.
+    #[cfg(feature = "wayland")]
+    fn wayland_display(&self) -> Option<*mut raw::c_void>;
+}
+
+impl<T> EventLoopWindowTargetExtUnix for EventLoopWindowTarget<T> {
+    #[inline]
+    #[cfg(feature = "wayland")]
+    fn is_wayland(&self) -> bool {
+        self.p.is_wayland()
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    #[cfg(feature = "x11")]
+    fn is_x11(&self) -> bool {
+        !self.p.is_wayland()
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    #[doc(hidden)]
+    #[cfg(feature = "x11")]
+    fn xlib_xconnection(&self) -> Option<Arc<XConnection>> {
+        match self.p {
+            LinuxEventLoopWindowTarget::X(ref e) => Some(e.x_connection().clone()),
+            #[cfg(feature = "wayland")]
+            _ => None,
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    #[cfg(feature = "wayland")]
+    fn wayland_display(&self) -> Option<*mut raw::c_void> {
+        match self.p {
+            LinuxEventLoopWindowTarget::Wayland(ref p) => {
+                Some(p.display().get_display_ptr() as *mut _)
+            }
+            #[cfg(feature = "x11")]
+            _ => None,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Additional methods on `EventLoop` that are specific to Unix.
+pub trait EventLoopExtUnix {
+    /// Builds a new `EventLoop` that is forced to use X11.
+    ///
+    /// # Panics
+    ///
+    /// If called outside the main thread. To initialize an X11 event loop outside
+    /// the main thread, use [`new_x11_any_thread`](#tymethod.new_x11_any_thread).
+    #[cfg(feature = "x11")]
+    fn new_x11() -> Result<Self, XNotSupported>
+    where
+        Self: Sized;
+
+    /// Builds a new `EventLoop` that is forced to use Wayland.
+    ///
+    /// # Panics
+    ///
+    /// If called outside the main thread. To initialize a Wayland event loop outside
+    /// the main thread, use [`new_wayland_any_thread`](#tymethod.new_wayland_any_thread).
+    #[cfg(feature = "wayland")]
+    fn new_wayland() -> Self
+    where
+        Self: Sized;
+
+    /// Builds a new `EventLoop` on any thread.
+    ///
+    /// This method bypasses the cross-platform compatibility requirement
+    /// that `EventLoop` be created on the main thread.
+    fn new_any_thread() -> Self
+    where
+        Self: Sized;
+
+    /// Builds a new X11 `EventLoop` on any thread.
+    ///
+    /// This method bypasses the cross-platform compatibility requirement
+    /// that `EventLoop` be created on the main thread.
+    #[cfg(feature = "x11")]
+    fn new_x11_any_thread() -> Result<Self, XNotSupported>
+    where
+        Self: Sized;
+
+    /// Builds a new Wayland `EventLoop` on any thread.
+    ///
+    /// This method bypasses the cross-platform compatibility requirement
+    /// that `EventLoop` be created on the main thread.
+    #[cfg(feature = "wayland")]
+    fn new_wayland_any_thread() -> Self
+    where
+        Self: Sized;
+}
+
+fn wrap_ev<T>(event_loop: LinuxEventLoop<T>) -> EventLoop<T> {
+    EventLoop {
+        event_loop,
+        _marker: std::marker::PhantomData,
+    }
+}
+
+impl<T> EventLoopExtUnix for EventLoop<T> {
+    #[inline]
+    fn new_any_thread() -> Self {
+        wrap_ev(LinuxEventLoop::new_any_thread())
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    #[cfg(feature = "x11")]
+    fn new_x11_any_thread() -> Result<Self, XNotSupported> {
+        LinuxEventLoop::new_x11_any_thread().map(wrap_ev)
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    #[cfg(feature = "wayland")]
+    fn new_wayland_any_thread() -> Self {
+        wrap_ev(
+            LinuxEventLoop::new_wayland_any_thread()
+                // TODO: propagate
+                .expect("failed to open Wayland connection"),
+        )
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    #[cfg(feature = "x11")]
+    fn new_x11() -> Result<Self, XNotSupported> {
+        LinuxEventLoop::new_x11().map(wrap_ev)
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    #[cfg(feature = "wayland")]
+    fn new_wayland() -> Self {
+        wrap_ev(
+            LinuxEventLoop::new_wayland()
+                // TODO: propagate
+                .expect("failed to open Wayland connection"),
+        )
+    }
+}
+
+/// Additional methods on `Window` that are specific to Unix.
+pub trait WindowExtUnix {
+    /// Returns the ID of the `Window` xlib object that is used by this window.
+    ///
+    /// Returns `None` if the window doesn't use xlib (if it uses wayland for example).
+    #[cfg(feature = "x11")]
+    fn xlib_window(&self) -> Option<raw::c_ulong>;
+
+    /// Returns a pointer to the `Display` object of xlib that is used by this window.
+    ///
+    /// Returns `None` if the window doesn't use xlib (if it uses wayland for example).
+    ///
+    /// The pointer will become invalid when the glutin `Window` is destroyed.
+    #[cfg(feature = "x11")]
+    fn xlib_display(&self) -> Option<*mut raw::c_void>;
+
+    #[cfg(feature = "x11")]
+    fn xlib_screen_id(&self) -> Option<raw::c_int>;
+
+    #[doc(hidden)]
+    #[cfg(feature = "x11")]
+    fn xlib_xconnection(&self) -> Option<Arc<XConnection>>;
+
+    /// This function returns the underlying `xcb_connection_t` of an xlib `Display`.
+    ///
+    /// Returns `None` if the window doesn't use xlib (if it uses wayland for example).
+    ///
+    /// The pointer will become invalid when the glutin `Window` is destroyed.
+    #[cfg(feature = "x11")]
+    fn xcb_connection(&self) -> Option<*mut raw::c_void>;
+
+    /// Returns a pointer to the `wl_surface` object of wayland that is used by this window.
+    ///
+    /// Returns `None` if the window doesn't use wayland (if it uses xlib for example).
+    ///
+    /// The pointer will become invalid when the glutin `Window` is destroyed.
+    #[cfg(feature = "wayland")]
+    fn wayland_surface(&self) -> Option<*mut raw::c_void>;
+
+    /// Returns a pointer to the `wl_display` object of wayland that is used by this window.
+    ///
+    /// Returns `None` if the window doesn't use wayland (if it uses xlib for example).
+    ///
+    /// The pointer will become invalid when the glutin `Window` is destroyed.
+    #[cfg(feature = "wayland")]
+    fn wayland_display(&self) -> Option<*mut raw::c_void>;
+
+    /// Sets the color theme of the client side window decorations on wayland
+    #[cfg(feature = "wayland")]
+    fn set_wayland_theme<T: Theme>(&self, theme: T);
+
+    /// Check if the window is ready for drawing
+    ///
+    /// It is a remnant of a previous implementation detail for the
+    /// wayland backend, and is no longer relevant.
+    ///
+    /// Always return true.
+    #[deprecated]
+    fn is_ready(&self) -> bool;
+}
+
+impl WindowExtUnix for Window {
+    #[inline]
+    #[cfg(feature = "x11")]
+    fn xlib_window(&self) -> Option<raw::c_ulong> {
+        match self.window {
+            LinuxWindow::X(ref w) => Some(w.xlib_window()),
+            #[cfg(feature = "wayland")]
+            _ => None,
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    #[cfg(feature = "x11")]
+    fn xlib_display(&self) -> Option<*mut raw::c_void> {
+        match self.window {
+            LinuxWindow::X(ref w) => Some(w.xlib_display()),
+            #[cfg(feature = "wayland")]
+            _ => None,
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    #[cfg(feature = "x11")]
+    fn xlib_screen_id(&self) -> Option<raw::c_int> {
+        match self.window {
+            LinuxWindow::X(ref w) => Some(w.xlib_screen_id()),
+            #[cfg(feature = "wayland")]
+            _ => None,
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    #[doc(hidden)]
+    #[cfg(feature = "x11")]
+    fn xlib_xconnection(&self) -> Option<Arc<XConnection>> {
+        match self.window {
+            LinuxWindow::X(ref w) => Some(w.xlib_xconnection()),
+            #[cfg(feature = "wayland")]
+            _ => None,
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    #[cfg(feature = "x11")]
+    fn xcb_connection(&self) -> Option<*mut raw::c_void> {
+        match self.window {
+            LinuxWindow::X(ref w) => Some(w.xcb_connection()),
+            #[cfg(feature = "wayland")]
+            _ => None,
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    #[cfg(feature = "wayland")]
+    fn wayland_surface(&self) -> Option<*mut raw::c_void> {
+        match self.window {
+            LinuxWindow::Wayland(ref w) => Some(w.surface().as_ref().c_ptr() as *mut _),
+            #[cfg(feature = "x11")]
+            _ => None,
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    #[cfg(feature = "wayland")]
+    fn wayland_display(&self) -> Option<*mut raw::c_void> {
+        match self.window {
+            LinuxWindow::Wayland(ref w) => Some(w.display().get_display_ptr() as *mut _),
+            #[cfg(feature = "x11")]
+            _ => None,
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    #[cfg(feature = "wayland")]
+    fn set_wayland_theme<T: Theme>(&self, theme: T) {
+        match self.window {
+            LinuxWindow::Wayland(ref w) => w.set_theme(theme),
+            #[cfg(feature = "x11")]
+            _ => {}
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn is_ready(&self) -> bool {
+        true
+    }
+}
+
+/// Additional methods on `WindowBuilder` that are specific to Unix.
+pub trait WindowBuilderExtUnix {
+    #[cfg(feature = "x11")]
+    fn with_x11_visual<T>(self, visual_infos: *const T) -> Self;
+    #[cfg(feature = "x11")]
+    fn with_x11_screen(self, screen_id: i32) -> Self;
+
+    /// Build window with `WM_CLASS` hint; defaults to the name of the binary. Only relevant on X11.
+    #[cfg(feature = "x11")]
+    fn with_class(self, class: String, instance: String) -> Self;
+    /// Build window with override-redirect flag; defaults to false. Only relevant on X11.
+    #[cfg(feature = "x11")]
+    fn with_override_redirect(self, override_redirect: bool) -> Self;
+    /// Build window with `_NET_WM_WINDOW_TYPE` hints; defaults to `Normal`. Only relevant on X11.
+    #[cfg(feature = "x11")]
+    fn with_x11_window_type(self, x11_window_type: Vec<XWindowType>) -> Self;
+    /// Build window with `_GTK_THEME_VARIANT` hint set to the specified value. Currently only relevant on X11.
+    #[cfg(feature = "x11")]
+    fn with_gtk_theme_variant(self, variant: String) -> Self;
+    /// Build window with resize increment hint. Only implemented on X11.
+    #[cfg(feature = "x11")]
+    fn with_resize_increments<S: Into<Size>>(self, increments: S) -> Self;
+    /// Build window with base size hint. Only implemented on X11.
+    #[cfg(feature = "x11")]
+    fn with_base_size<S: Into<Size>>(self, base_size: S) -> Self;
+
+    /// Build window with a given application ID. It should match the `.desktop` file distributed with
+    /// your program. Only relevant on Wayland.
+    ///
+    /// For details about application ID conventions, see the
+    /// [Desktop Entry Spec](https://specifications.freedesktop.org/desktop-entry-spec/desktop-entry-spec-latest.html#desktop-file-id)
+    #[cfg(feature = "wayland")]
+    fn with_app_id(self, app_id: String) -> Self;
+}
+
+impl WindowBuilderExtUnix for WindowBuilder {
+    #[inline]
+    #[cfg(feature = "x11")]
+    fn with_x11_visual<T>(mut self, visual_infos: *const T) -> Self {
+        {
+            self.platform_specific.visual_infos =
+                Some(unsafe { ptr::read(visual_infos as *const XVisualInfo) });
+        }
+        self
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    #[cfg(feature = "x11")]
+    fn with_x11_screen(mut self, screen_id: i32) -> Self {
+        self.platform_specific.screen_id = Some(screen_id);
+        self
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    #[cfg(feature = "x11")]
+    fn with_class(mut self, instance: String, class: String) -> Self {
+        self.platform_specific.class = Some((instance, class));
+        self
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    #[cfg(feature = "x11")]
+    fn with_override_redirect(mut self, override_redirect: bool) -> Self {
+        self.platform_specific.override_redirect = override_redirect;
+        self
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    #[cfg(feature = "x11")]
+    fn with_x11_window_type(mut self, x11_window_types: Vec<XWindowType>) -> Self {
+        self.platform_specific.x11_window_types = x11_window_types;
+        self
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    #[cfg(feature = "x11")]
+    fn with_gtk_theme_variant(mut self, variant: String) -> Self {
+        self.platform_specific.gtk_theme_variant = Some(variant);
+        self
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    #[cfg(feature = "x11")]
+    fn with_resize_increments<S: Into<Size>>(mut self, increments: S) -> Self {
+        self.platform_specific.resize_increments = Some(increments.into());
+        self
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    #[cfg(feature = "x11")]
+    fn with_base_size<S: Into<Size>>(mut self, base_size: S) -> Self {
+        self.platform_specific.base_size = Some(base_size.into());
+        self
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    #[cfg(feature = "wayland")]
+    fn with_app_id(mut self, app_id: String) -> Self {
+        self.platform_specific.app_id = Some(app_id);
+        self
+    }
+}
+
+/// Additional methods on `MonitorHandle` that are specific to Linux.
+pub trait MonitorHandleExtUnix {
+    /// Returns the inner identifier of the monitor.
+    fn native_id(&self) -> u32;
+}
+
+impl MonitorHandleExtUnix for MonitorHandle {
+    #[inline]
+    fn native_id(&self) -> u32 {
+        self.inner.native_identifier()
+    }
+}
+
+/// A theme for a Wayland's client side decorations.
+#[cfg(feature = "wayland")]
+pub trait Theme: Send + 'static {
+    /// Title bar color.
+    fn element_color(&self, element: Element, window_active: bool) -> ARGBColor;
+
+    /// Color for a given button part.
+    fn button_color(
+        &self,
+        button: Button,
+        state: ButtonState,
+        foreground: bool,
+        window_active: bool,
+    ) -> ARGBColor;
+
+    /// Font name and the size for the title bar.
+    ///
+    /// By default the font is `sans-serif` at the size of 17.
+    ///
+    /// Returning `None` means that title won't be drawn.
+    fn font(&self) -> Option<(String, f32)> {
+        // Not having any title isn't something desirable for the users, so setting it to
+        // something generic.
+        Some((String::from("sans-serif"), 17.))
+    }
+}
+
+/// A button on Wayland's client side decorations.
+#[cfg(feature = "wayland")]
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub enum Button {
+    /// Button that maximizes the window.
+    Maximize,
+
+    /// Button that minimizes the window.
+    Minimize,
+
+    /// Button that closes the window.
+    Close,
+}
+
+/// A button state of the button on Wayland's client side decorations.
+#[cfg(feature = "wayland")]
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub enum ButtonState {
+    /// Button is being hovered over by pointer.
+    Hovered,
+    /// Button is not being hovered over by pointer.
+    Idle,
+    /// Button is disabled.
+    Disabled,
+}
+
+#[cfg(feature = "wayland")]
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub enum Element {
+    /// Bar itself.
+    Bar,
+
+    /// Separator between window and title bar.
+    Separator,
+
+    /// Title bar text.
+    Text,
+}
+
+#[cfg(feature = "wayland")]
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub struct ARGBColor {
+    pub a: u8,
+    pub r: u8,
+    pub g: u8,
+    pub b: u8,
+}

src/platform/web.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+#![cfg(target_arch = "wasm32")]
+
+//! The web target does not automatically insert the canvas element object into the web page, to
+//! allow end users to determine how the page should be laid out. Use the `WindowExtStdweb` or
+//! `WindowExtWebSys` traits (depending on your web backend) to retrieve the canvas from the
+//! Window. Alternatively, use the `WindowBuilderExtStdweb` or `WindowBuilderExtWebSys` to provide
+//! your own canvas.
+
+use crate::window::WindowBuilder;
+
+#[cfg(feature = "stdweb")]
+use stdweb::web::html_element::CanvasElement;
+
+#[cfg(feature = "stdweb")]
+pub trait WindowExtStdweb {
+    fn canvas(&self) -> CanvasElement;
+
+    /// Whether the browser reports the preferred color scheme to be "dark".
+    fn is_dark_mode(&self) -> bool;
+}
+
+#[cfg(feature = "web-sys")]
+use web_sys::HtmlCanvasElement;
+
+#[cfg(feature = "web-sys")]
+pub trait WindowExtWebSys {
+    fn canvas(&self) -> HtmlCanvasElement;
+
+    /// Whether the browser reports the preferred color scheme to be "dark".
+    fn is_dark_mode(&self) -> bool;
+}
+
+#[cfg(feature = "stdweb")]
+pub trait WindowBuilderExtStdweb {
+    fn with_canvas(self, canvas: Option<CanvasElement>) -> Self;
+}
+
+#[cfg(feature = "stdweb")]
+impl WindowBuilderExtStdweb for WindowBuilder {
+    fn with_canvas(mut self, canvas: Option<CanvasElement>) -> Self {
+        self.platform_specific.canvas = canvas;
+
+        self
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(feature = "web-sys")]
+pub trait WindowBuilderExtWebSys {
+    fn with_canvas(self, canvas: Option<HtmlCanvasElement>) -> Self;
+}
+
+#[cfg(feature = "web-sys")]
+impl WindowBuilderExtWebSys for WindowBuilder {
+    fn with_canvas(mut self, canvas: Option<HtmlCanvasElement>) -> Self {
+        self.platform_specific.canvas = canvas;
+
+        self
+    }
+}

src/platform/windows.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,296 @@
+#![cfg(target_os = "windows")]
+
+use std::os::raw::c_void;
+use std::path::Path;
+
+use libc;
+use winapi::shared::minwindef::WORD;
+use winapi::shared::windef::{HMENU, HWND};
+
+use crate::{
+    dpi::PhysicalSize,
+    event::DeviceId,
+    event_loop::EventLoop,
+    monitor::MonitorHandle,
+    platform_impl::{EventLoop as WindowsEventLoop, Parent, WinIcon},
+    window::{BadIcon, Icon, Theme, Window, WindowBuilder},
+};
+
+/// Additional methods on `EventLoop` that are specific to Windows.
+pub trait EventLoopExtWindows {
+    /// Creates an event loop off of the main thread.
+    ///
+    /// # `Window` caveats
+    ///
+    /// Note that any `Window` created on the new thread will be destroyed when the thread
+    /// terminates. Attempting to use a `Window` after its parent thread terminates has
+    /// unspecified, although explicitly not undefined, behavior.
+    fn new_any_thread() -> Self
+    where
+        Self: Sized;
+
+    /// By default, winit on Windows will attempt to enable process-wide DPI awareness. If that's
+    /// undesirable, you can create an `EventLoop` using this function instead.
+    fn new_dpi_unaware() -> Self
+    where
+        Self: Sized;
+
+    /// Creates a DPI-unaware event loop off of the main thread.
+    ///
+    /// The `Window` caveats in [`new_any_thread`](EventLoopExtWindows::new_any_thread) also apply here.
+    fn new_dpi_unaware_any_thread() -> Self
+    where
+        Self: Sized;
+}
+
+impl<T> EventLoopExtWindows for EventLoop<T> {
+    #[inline]
+    fn new_any_thread() -> Self {
+        EventLoop {
+            event_loop: WindowsEventLoop::new_any_thread(),
+            _marker: ::std::marker::PhantomData,
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn new_dpi_unaware() -> Self {
+        EventLoop {
+            event_loop: WindowsEventLoop::new_dpi_unaware(),
+            _marker: ::std::marker::PhantomData,
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn new_dpi_unaware_any_thread() -> Self {
+        EventLoop {
+            event_loop: WindowsEventLoop::new_dpi_unaware_any_thread(),
+            _marker: ::std::marker::PhantomData,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Additional methods on `Window` that are specific to Windows.
+pub trait WindowExtWindows {
+    /// Returns the HINSTANCE of the window
+    fn hinstance(&self) -> *mut libc::c_void;
+    /// Returns the native handle that is used by this window.
+    ///
+    /// The pointer will become invalid when the native window was destroyed.
+    fn hwnd(&self) -> *mut libc::c_void;
+
+    /// Enables or disables mouse and keyboard input to the specified window.
+    ///
+    /// A window must be enabled before it can be activated.
+    /// If an application has create a modal dialog box by disabling its owner window
+    /// (as described in [`WindowBuilderExtWindows::with_owner_window`]), the application must enable
+    /// the owner window before destroying the dialog box.
+    /// Otherwise, another window will receive the keyboard focus and be activated.
+    ///
+    /// If a child window is disabled, it is ignored when the system tries to determine which
+    /// window should receive mouse messages.
+    ///
+    /// For more information, see <https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/api/winuser/nf-winuser-enablewindow#remarks>
+    /// and <https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/winmsg/window-features#disabled-windows>
+    fn set_enable(&self, enabled: bool);
+
+    /// This sets `ICON_BIG`. A good ceiling here is 256x256.
+    fn set_taskbar_icon(&self, taskbar_icon: Option<Icon>);
+
+    /// Returns the current window theme.
+    fn theme(&self) -> Theme;
+}
+
+impl WindowExtWindows for Window {
+    #[inline]
+    fn hinstance(&self) -> *mut libc::c_void {
+        self.window.hinstance() as *mut _
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn hwnd(&self) -> *mut libc::c_void {
+        self.window.hwnd() as *mut _
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn set_enable(&self, enabled: bool) {
+        unsafe {
+            winapi::um::winuser::EnableWindow(self.hwnd() as _, enabled as _);
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn set_taskbar_icon(&self, taskbar_icon: Option<Icon>) {
+        self.window.set_taskbar_icon(taskbar_icon)
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn theme(&self) -> Theme {
+        self.window.theme()
+    }
+}
+
+/// Additional methods on `WindowBuilder` that are specific to Windows.
+pub trait WindowBuilderExtWindows {
+    /// Sets a parent to the window to be created.
+    ///
+    /// A child window has the WS_CHILD style and is confined to the client area of its parent window.
+    ///
+    /// For more information, see <https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/winmsg/window-features#child-windows>
+    fn with_parent_window(self, parent: HWND) -> WindowBuilder;
+
+    /// Set an owner to the window to be created. Can be used to create a dialog box, for example.
+    /// Can be used in combination with [`WindowExtWindows::set_enable(false)`](WindowExtWindows::set_enable)
+    /// on the owner window to create a modal dialog box.
+    ///
+    /// From MSDN:
+    /// - An owned window is always above its owner in the z-order.
+    /// - The system automatically destroys an owned window when its owner is destroyed.
+    /// - An owned window is hidden when its owner is minimized.
+    ///
+    /// For more information, see <https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/winmsg/window-features#owned-windows>
+    fn with_owner_window(self, parent: HWND) -> WindowBuilder;
+
+    /// Sets a menu on the window to be created.
+    ///
+    /// Parent and menu are mutually exclusive; a child window cannot have a menu!
+    ///
+    /// The menu must have been manually created beforehand with [`winapi::um::winuser::CreateMenu`] or similar.
+    ///
+    /// Note: Dark mode cannot be supported for win32 menus, it's simply not possible to change how the menus look.
+    /// If you use this, it is recommended that you combine it with `with_theme(Some(Theme::Light))` to avoid a jarring effect.
+    fn with_menu(self, menu: HMENU) -> WindowBuilder;
+
+    /// This sets `ICON_BIG`. A good ceiling here is 256x256.
+    fn with_taskbar_icon(self, taskbar_icon: Option<Icon>) -> WindowBuilder;
+
+    /// This sets `WS_EX_NOREDIRECTIONBITMAP`.
+    fn with_no_redirection_bitmap(self, flag: bool) -> WindowBuilder;
+
+    /// Enables or disables drag and drop support (enabled by default). Will interfere with other crates
+    /// that use multi-threaded COM API (`CoInitializeEx` with `COINIT_MULTITHREADED` instead of
+    /// `COINIT_APARTMENTTHREADED`) on the same thread. Note that winit may still attempt to initialize
+    /// COM API regardless of this option. Currently only fullscreen mode does that, but there may be more in the future.
+    /// If you need COM API with `COINIT_MULTITHREADED` you must initialize it before calling any winit functions.
+    /// See <https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/api/objbase/nf-objbase-coinitialize#remarks> for more information.
+    fn with_drag_and_drop(self, flag: bool) -> WindowBuilder;
+
+    /// Forces a theme or uses the system settings if `None` was provided.
+    fn with_theme(self, theme: Option<Theme>) -> WindowBuilder;
+}
+
+impl WindowBuilderExtWindows for WindowBuilder {
+    #[inline]
+    fn with_parent_window(mut self, parent: HWND) -> WindowBuilder {
+        self.platform_specific.parent = Parent::ChildOf(parent);
+        self
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn with_owner_window(mut self, parent: HWND) -> WindowBuilder {
+        self.platform_specific.parent = Parent::OwnedBy(parent);
+        self
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn with_menu(mut self, menu: HMENU) -> WindowBuilder {
+        self.platform_specific.menu = Some(menu);
+        self
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn with_taskbar_icon(mut self, taskbar_icon: Option<Icon>) -> WindowBuilder {
+        self.platform_specific.taskbar_icon = taskbar_icon;
+        self
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn with_no_redirection_bitmap(mut self, flag: bool) -> WindowBuilder {
+        self.platform_specific.no_redirection_bitmap = flag;
+        self
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn with_drag_and_drop(mut self, flag: bool) -> WindowBuilder {
+        self.platform_specific.drag_and_drop = flag;
+        self
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn with_theme(mut self, theme: Option<Theme>) -> WindowBuilder {
+        self.platform_specific.preferred_theme = theme;
+        self
+    }
+}
+
+/// Additional methods on `MonitorHandle` that are specific to Windows.
+pub trait MonitorHandleExtWindows {
+    /// Returns the name of the monitor adapter specific to the Win32 API.
+    fn native_id(&self) -> String;
+
+    /// Returns the handle of the monitor - `HMONITOR`.
+    fn hmonitor(&self) -> *mut c_void;
+}
+
+impl MonitorHandleExtWindows for MonitorHandle {
+    #[inline]
+    fn native_id(&self) -> String {
+        self.inner.native_identifier()
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn hmonitor(&self) -> *mut c_void {
+        self.inner.hmonitor() as *mut _
+    }
+}
+
+/// Additional methods on `DeviceId` that are specific to Windows.
+pub trait DeviceIdExtWindows {
+    /// Returns an identifier that persistently refers to this specific device.
+    ///
+    /// Will return `None` if the device is no longer available.
+    fn persistent_identifier(&self) -> Option<String>;
+}
+
+impl DeviceIdExtWindows for DeviceId {
+    #[inline]
+    fn persistent_identifier(&self) -> Option<String> {
+        self.0.persistent_identifier()
+    }
+}
+
+/// Additional methods on `Icon` that are specific to Windows.
+pub trait IconExtWindows: Sized {
+    /// Create an icon from a file path.
+    ///
+    /// Specify `size` to load a specific icon size from the file, or `None` to load the default
+    /// icon size from the file.
+    ///
+    /// In cases where the specified size does not exist in the file, Windows may perform scaling
+    /// to get an icon of the desired size.
+    fn from_path<P: AsRef<Path>>(path: P, size: Option<PhysicalSize<u32>>)
+        -> Result<Self, BadIcon>;
+
+    /// Create an icon from a resource embedded in this executable or library.
+    ///
+    /// Specify `size` to load a specific icon size from the file, or `None` to load the default
+    /// icon size from the file.
+    ///
+    /// In cases where the specified size does not exist in the file, Windows may perform scaling
+    /// to get an icon of the desired size.
+    fn from_resource(ordinal: WORD, size: Option<PhysicalSize<u32>>) -> Result<Self, BadIcon>;
+}
+
+impl IconExtWindows for Icon {
+    fn from_path<P: AsRef<Path>>(
+        path: P,
+        size: Option<PhysicalSize<u32>>,
+    ) -> Result<Self, BadIcon> {
+        let win_icon = WinIcon::from_path(path, size)?;
+        Ok(Icon { inner: win_icon })
+    }
+
+    fn from_resource(ordinal: WORD, size: Option<PhysicalSize<u32>>) -> Result<Self, BadIcon> {
+        let win_icon = WinIcon::from_resource(ordinal, size)?;
+        Ok(Icon { inner: win_icon })
+    }
+}

src/platform_impl/android/mod.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,671 @@
+#![cfg(target_os = "android")]
+
+use crate::{
+    dpi::{PhysicalPosition, PhysicalSize, Position, Size},
+    error, event,
+    event_loop::{self, ControlFlow},
+    monitor, window,
+};
+use ndk::{
+    configuration::Configuration,
+    event::{InputEvent, KeyAction, MotionAction},
+    looper::{ForeignLooper, Poll, ThreadLooper},
+};
+use ndk_glue::{Event, Rect};
+use std::{
+    collections::VecDeque,
+    sync::{Arc, Mutex, RwLock},
+    time::{Duration, Instant},
+};
+
+lazy_static! {
+    static ref CONFIG: RwLock<Configuration> = RwLock::new(Configuration::new());
+}
+
+enum EventSource {
+    Callback,
+    InputQueue,
+    User,
+}
+
+fn poll(poll: Poll) -> Option<EventSource> {
+    match poll {
+        Poll::Event { ident, .. } => match ident {
+            ndk_glue::NDK_GLUE_LOOPER_EVENT_PIPE_IDENT => Some(EventSource::Callback),
+            ndk_glue::NDK_GLUE_LOOPER_INPUT_QUEUE_IDENT => Some(EventSource::InputQueue),
+            _ => unreachable!(),
+        },
+        Poll::Timeout => None,
+        Poll::Wake => Some(EventSource::User),
+        Poll::Callback => unreachable!(),
+    }
+}
+
+pub struct EventLoop<T: 'static> {
+    window_target: event_loop::EventLoopWindowTarget<T>,
+    user_queue: Arc<Mutex<VecDeque<T>>>,
+    first_event: Option<EventSource>,
+    start_cause: event::StartCause,
+    looper: ThreadLooper,
+    running: bool,
+}
+
+macro_rules! call_event_handler {
+    ( $event_handler:expr, $window_target:expr, $cf:expr, $event:expr ) => {{
+        if $cf != ControlFlow::Exit {
+            $event_handler($event, $window_target, &mut $cf);
+        } else {
+            $event_handler($event, $window_target, &mut ControlFlow::Exit);
+        }
+    }};
+}
+
+impl<T: 'static> EventLoop<T> {
+    pub fn new() -> Self {
+        Self {
+            window_target: event_loop::EventLoopWindowTarget {
+                p: EventLoopWindowTarget {
+                    _marker: std::marker::PhantomData,
+                },
+                _marker: std::marker::PhantomData,
+            },
+            user_queue: Default::default(),
+            first_event: None,
+            start_cause: event::StartCause::Init,
+            looper: ThreadLooper::for_thread().unwrap(),
+            running: false,
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn run<F>(mut self, event_handler: F) -> !
+    where
+        F: 'static
+            + FnMut(event::Event<'_, T>, &event_loop::EventLoopWindowTarget<T>, &mut ControlFlow),
+    {
+        self.run_return(event_handler);
+        ::std::process::exit(0);
+    }
+
+    pub fn run_return<F>(&mut self, mut event_handler: F)
+    where
+        F: FnMut(event::Event<'_, T>, &event_loop::EventLoopWindowTarget<T>, &mut ControlFlow),
+    {
+        let mut control_flow = ControlFlow::default();
+
+        'event_loop: loop {
+            call_event_handler!(
+                event_handler,
+                self.window_target(),
+                control_flow,
+                event::Event::NewEvents(self.start_cause)
+            );
+
+            let mut redraw = false;
+            let mut resized = false;
+
+            match self.first_event.take() {
+                Some(EventSource::Callback) => match ndk_glue::poll_events().unwrap() {
+                    Event::WindowCreated => {
+                        call_event_handler!(
+                            event_handler,
+                            self.window_target(),
+                            control_flow,
+                            event::Event::Resumed
+                        );
+                    }
+                    Event::WindowResized => resized = true,
+                    Event::WindowRedrawNeeded => redraw = true,
+                    Event::WindowDestroyed => {
+                        call_event_handler!(
+                            event_handler,
+                            self.window_target(),
+                            control_flow,
+                            event::Event::Suspended
+                        );
+                    }
+                    Event::Pause => self.running = false,
+                    Event::Resume => self.running = true,
+                    Event::ConfigChanged => {
+                        let am = ndk_glue::native_activity().asset_manager();
+                        let config = Configuration::from_asset_manager(&am);
+                        let old_scale_factor = MonitorHandle.scale_factor();
+                        *CONFIG.write().unwrap() = config;
+                        let scale_factor = MonitorHandle.scale_factor();
+                        if (scale_factor - old_scale_factor).abs() < f64::EPSILON {
+                            let mut size = MonitorHandle.size();
+                            let event = event::Event::WindowEvent {
+                                window_id: window::WindowId(WindowId),
+                                event: event::WindowEvent::ScaleFactorChanged {
+                                    new_inner_size: &mut size,
+                                    scale_factor,
+                                },
+                            };
+                            call_event_handler!(
+                                event_handler,
+                                self.window_target(),
+                                control_flow,
+                                event
+                            );
+                        }
+                    }
+                    Event::WindowHasFocus => {
+                        call_event_handler!(
+                            event_handler,
+                            self.window_target(),
+                            control_flow,
+                            event::Event::WindowEvent {
+                                window_id: window::WindowId(WindowId),
+                                event: event::WindowEvent::Focused(true),
+                            }
+                        );
+                    }
+                    Event::WindowLostFocus => {
+                        call_event_handler!(
+                            event_handler,
+                            self.window_target(),
+                            control_flow,
+                            event::Event::WindowEvent {
+                                window_id: window::WindowId(WindowId),
+                                event: event::WindowEvent::Focused(false),
+                            }
+                        );
+                    }
+                    _ => {}
+                },
+                Some(EventSource::InputQueue) => {
+                    if let Some(input_queue) = ndk_glue::input_queue().as_ref() {
+                        while let Some(event) = input_queue.get_event() {
+                            if let Some(event) = input_queue.pre_dispatch(event) {
+                                let mut handled = true;
+                                let window_id = window::WindowId(WindowId);
+                                let device_id = event::DeviceId(DeviceId);
+                                match &event {
+                                    InputEvent::MotionEvent(motion_event) => {
+                                        let phase = match motion_event.action() {
+                                            MotionAction::Down | MotionAction::PointerDown => {
+                                                Some(event::TouchPhase::Started)
+                                            }
+                                            MotionAction::Up | MotionAction::PointerUp => {
+                                                Some(event::TouchPhase::Ended)
+                                            }
+                                            MotionAction::Move => Some(event::TouchPhase::Moved),
+                                            MotionAction::Cancel => {
+                                                Some(event::TouchPhase::Cancelled)
+                                            }
+                                            _ => {
+                                                handled = false;
+                                                None // TODO mouse events
+                                            }
+                                        };
+                                        if let Some(phase) = phase {
+                                            let pointers: Box<
+                                                dyn Iterator<Item = ndk::event::Pointer<'_>>,
+                                            > = match phase {
+                                                event::TouchPhase::Started
+                                                | event::TouchPhase::Ended => Box::new(
+                                                    std::iter::once(motion_event.pointer_at_index(
+                                                        motion_event.pointer_index(),
+                                                    )),
+                                                ),
+                                                event::TouchPhase::Moved
+                                                | event::TouchPhase::Cancelled => {
+                                                    Box::new(motion_event.pointers())
+                                                }
+                                            };
+
+                                            for pointer in pointers {
+                                                let location = PhysicalPosition {
+                                                    x: pointer.x() as _,
+                                                    y: pointer.y() as _,
+                                                };
+                                                let event = event::Event::WindowEvent {
+                                                    window_id,
+                                                    event: event::WindowEvent::Touch(
+                                                        event::Touch {
+                                                            device_id,
+                                                            phase,
+                                                            location,
+                                                            id: pointer.pointer_id() as u64,
+                                                            force: None,
+                                                        },
+                                                    ),
+                                                };
+                                                call_event_handler!(
+                                                    event_handler,
+                                                    self.window_target(),
+                                                    control_flow,
+                                                    event
+                                                );
+                                            }
+                                        }
+                                    }
+                                    InputEvent::KeyEvent(key) => {
+                                        let state = match key.action() {
+                                            KeyAction::Down => event::ElementState::Pressed,
+                                            KeyAction::Up => event::ElementState::Released,
+                                            _ => event::ElementState::Released,
+                                        };
+                                        #[allow(deprecated)]
+                                        let event = event::Event::WindowEvent {
+                                            window_id,
+                                            event: event::WindowEvent::KeyboardInput {
+                                                device_id,
+                                                input: event::KeyboardInput {
+                                                    scancode: key.scan_code() as u32,
+                                                    state,
+                                                    virtual_keycode: None,
+                                                    modifiers: event::ModifiersState::default(),
+                                                },
+                                                is_synthetic: false,
+                                            },
+                                        };
+                                        call_event_handler!(
+                                            event_handler,
+                                            self.window_target(),
+                                            control_flow,
+                                            event
+                                        );
+                                    }
+                                };
+                                input_queue.finish_event(event, handled);
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+                Some(EventSource::User) => {
+                    let mut user_queue = self.user_queue.lock().unwrap();
+                    while let Some(event) = user_queue.pop_front() {
+                        call_event_handler!(
+                            event_handler,
+                            self.window_target(),
+                            control_flow,
+                            event::Event::UserEvent(event)
+                        );
+                    }
+                }
+                None => {}
+            }
+
+            call_event_handler!(
+                event_handler,
+                self.window_target(),
+                control_flow,
+                event::Event::MainEventsCleared
+            );
+
+            if resized && self.running {
+                let size = MonitorHandle.size();
+                let event = event::Event::WindowEvent {
+                    window_id: window::WindowId(WindowId),
+                    event: event::WindowEvent::Resized(size),
+                };
+                call_event_handler!(event_handler, self.window_target(), control_flow, event);
+            }
+
+            if redraw && self.running {
+                let event = event::Event::RedrawRequested(window::WindowId(WindowId));
+                call_event_handler!(event_handler, self.window_target(), control_flow, event);
+            }
+
+            call_event_handler!(
+                event_handler,
+                self.window_target(),
+                control_flow,
+                event::Event::RedrawEventsCleared
+            );
+
+            match control_flow {
+                ControlFlow::Exit => {
+                    self.first_event = poll(
+                        self.looper
+                            .poll_once_timeout(Duration::from_millis(0))
+                            .unwrap(),
+                    );
+                    self.start_cause = event::StartCause::WaitCancelled {
+                        start: Instant::now(),
+                        requested_resume: None,
+                    };
+                    break 'event_loop;
+                }
+                ControlFlow::Poll => {
+                    self.first_event = poll(
+                        self.looper
+                            .poll_all_timeout(Duration::from_millis(0))
+                            .unwrap(),
+                    );
+                    self.start_cause = event::StartCause::Poll;
+                }
+                ControlFlow::Wait => {
+                    self.first_event = poll(self.looper.poll_all().unwrap());
+                    self.start_cause = event::StartCause::WaitCancelled {
+                        start: Instant::now(),
+                        requested_resume: None,
+                    }
+                }
+                ControlFlow::WaitUntil(instant) => {
+                    let start = Instant::now();
+                    let duration = if instant <= start {
+                        Duration::default()
+                    } else {
+                        instant - start
+                    };
+                    self.first_event = poll(self.looper.poll_all_timeout(duration).unwrap());
+                    self.start_cause = if self.first_event.is_some() {
+                        event::StartCause::WaitCancelled {
+                            start,
+                            requested_resume: Some(instant),
+                        }
+                    } else {
+                        event::StartCause::ResumeTimeReached {
+                            start,
+                            requested_resume: instant,
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn window_target(&self) -> &event_loop::EventLoopWindowTarget<T> {
+        &self.window_target
+    }
+
+    pub fn create_proxy(&self) -> EventLoopProxy<T> {
+        EventLoopProxy {
+            queue: self.user_queue.clone(),
+            looper: ForeignLooper::for_thread().expect("called from event loop thread"),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+pub struct EventLoopProxy<T: 'static> {
+    queue: Arc<Mutex<VecDeque<T>>>,
+    looper: ForeignLooper,
+}
+
+impl<T> EventLoopProxy<T> {
+    pub fn send_event(&self, event: T) -> Result<(), event_loop::EventLoopClosed<T>> {
+        self.queue.lock().unwrap().push_back(event);
+        self.looper.wake();
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
+
+impl<T> Clone for EventLoopProxy<T> {
+    fn clone(&self) -> Self {
+        EventLoopProxy {
+            queue: self.queue.clone(),
+            looper: self.looper.clone(),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+pub struct EventLoopWindowTarget<T: 'static> {
+    _marker: std::marker::PhantomData<T>,
+}
+
+impl<T: 'static> EventLoopWindowTarget<T> {
+    pub fn primary_monitor(&self) -> Option<monitor::MonitorHandle> {
+        Some(monitor::MonitorHandle {
+            inner: MonitorHandle,
+        })
+    }
+
+    pub fn available_monitors(&self) -> VecDeque<MonitorHandle> {
+        let mut v = VecDeque::with_capacity(1);
+        v.push_back(MonitorHandle);
+        v
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, Eq, Hash, Ord, PartialEq, PartialOrd)]
+pub struct WindowId;
+
+impl WindowId {
+    pub fn dummy() -> Self {
+        WindowId
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, Eq, Hash, Ord, PartialEq, PartialOrd)]
+pub struct DeviceId;
+
+impl DeviceId {
+    pub fn dummy() -> Self {
+        DeviceId
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, Default, Eq, PartialEq)]
+pub struct PlatformSpecificWindowBuilderAttributes;
+
+pub struct Window;
+
+impl Window {
+    pub fn new<T: 'static>(
+        _el: &EventLoopWindowTarget<T>,
+        _window_attrs: window::WindowAttributes,
+        _: PlatformSpecificWindowBuilderAttributes,
+    ) -> Result<Self, error::OsError> {
+        // FIXME this ignores requested window attributes
+        Ok(Self)
+    }
+
+    pub fn id(&self) -> WindowId {
+        WindowId
+    }
+
+    pub fn primary_monitor(&self) -> Option<monitor::MonitorHandle> {
+        Some(monitor::MonitorHandle {
+            inner: MonitorHandle,
+        })
+    }
+
+    pub fn available_monitors(&self) -> VecDeque<MonitorHandle> {
+        let mut v = VecDeque::with_capacity(1);
+        v.push_back(MonitorHandle);
+        v
+    }
+
+    pub fn current_monitor(&self) -> Option<monitor::MonitorHandle> {
+        Some(monitor::MonitorHandle {
+            inner: MonitorHandle,
+        })
+    }
+
+    pub fn scale_factor(&self) -> f64 {
+        MonitorHandle.scale_factor()
+    }
+
+    pub fn request_redraw(&self) {
+        // TODO
+    }
+
+    pub fn inner_position(&self) -> Result<PhysicalPosition<i32>, error::NotSupportedError> {
+        Err(error::NotSupportedError::new())
+    }
+
+    pub fn outer_position(&self) -> Result<PhysicalPosition<i32>, error::NotSupportedError> {
+        Err(error::NotSupportedError::new())
+    }
+
+    pub fn set_outer_position(&self, _position: Position) {
+        // no effect
+    }
+
+    pub fn inner_size(&self) -> PhysicalSize<u32> {
+        self.outer_size()
+    }
+
+    pub fn set_inner_size(&self, _size: Size) {
+        warn!("Cannot set window size on Android");
+    }
+
+    pub fn outer_size(&self) -> PhysicalSize<u32> {
+        MonitorHandle.size()
+    }
+
+    pub fn set_min_inner_size(&self, _: Option<Size>) {}
+
+    pub fn set_max_inner_size(&self, _: Option<Size>) {}
+
+    pub fn set_title(&self, _title: &str) {}
+
+    pub fn set_visible(&self, _visibility: bool) {}
+
+    pub fn set_resizable(&self, _resizeable: bool) {}
+
+    pub fn set_minimized(&self, _minimized: bool) {}
+
+    pub fn set_maximized(&self, _maximized: bool) {}
+
+    pub fn is_maximized(&self) -> bool {
+        false
+    }
+
+    pub fn set_fullscreen(&self, _monitor: Option<window::Fullscreen>) {
+        warn!("Cannot set fullscreen on Android");
+    }
+
+    pub fn fullscreen(&self) -> Option<window::Fullscreen> {
+        None
+    }
+
+    pub fn set_decorations(&self, _decorations: bool) {}
+
+    pub fn set_always_on_top(&self, _always_on_top: bool) {}
+
+    pub fn set_window_icon(&self, _window_icon: Option<crate::icon::Icon>) {}
+
+    pub fn set_ime_position(&self, _position: Position) {}
+
+    pub fn request_user_attention(&self, _request_type: Option<window::UserAttentionType>) {}
+
+    pub fn set_cursor_icon(&self, _: window::CursorIcon) {}
+
+    pub fn set_cursor_position(&self, _: Position) -> Result<(), error::ExternalError> {
+        Err(error::ExternalError::NotSupported(
+            error::NotSupportedError::new(),
+        ))
+    }
+
+    pub fn set_cursor_grab(&self, _: bool) -> Result<(), error::ExternalError> {
+        Err(error::ExternalError::NotSupported(
+            error::NotSupportedError::new(),
+        ))
+    }
+
+    pub fn set_cursor_visible(&self, _: bool) {}
+
+    pub fn drag_window(&self) -> Result<(), error::ExternalError> {
+        Err(error::ExternalError::NotSupported(
+            error::NotSupportedError::new(),
+        ))
+    }
+
+    pub fn raw_window_handle(&self) -> raw_window_handle::RawWindowHandle {
+        let a_native_window = if let Some(native_window) = ndk_glue::native_window().as_ref() {
+            unsafe { native_window.ptr().as_mut() as *mut _ as *mut _ }
+        } else {
+            panic!("Cannot get the native window, it's null and will always be null before Event::Resumed and after Event::Suspended. Make sure you only call this function between those events.");
+        };
+        let mut handle = raw_window_handle::android::AndroidHandle::empty();
+        handle.a_native_window = a_native_window;
+        raw_window_handle::RawWindowHandle::Android(handle)
+    }
+
+    pub fn config(&self) -> Configuration {
+        CONFIG.read().unwrap().clone()
+    }
+
+    pub fn content_rect(&self) -> Rect {
+        ndk_glue::content_rect()
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Default, Clone, Debug)]
+pub struct OsError;
+
+use std::fmt::{self, Display, Formatter};
+impl Display for OsError {
+    fn fmt(&self, fmt: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> Result<(), fmt::Error> {
+        write!(fmt, "Android OS Error")
+    }
+}
+
+pub(crate) use crate::icon::NoIcon as PlatformIcon;
+
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, Eq, Hash, Ord, PartialEq, PartialOrd)]
+pub struct MonitorHandle;
+
+impl MonitorHandle {
+    pub fn name(&self) -> Option<String> {
+        Some("Android Device".to_owned())
+    }
+
+    pub fn size(&self) -> PhysicalSize<u32> {
+        if let Some(native_window) = ndk_glue::native_window().as_ref() {
+            let width = native_window.width() as _;
+            let height = native_window.height() as _;
+            PhysicalSize::new(width, height)
+        } else {
+            PhysicalSize::new(0, 0)
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn position(&self) -> PhysicalPosition<i32> {
+        (0, 0).into()
+    }
+
+    pub fn scale_factor(&self) -> f64 {
+        let config = CONFIG.read().unwrap();
+        config
+            .density()
+            .map(|dpi| dpi as f64 / 160.0)
+            .unwrap_or(1.0)
+    }
+
+    pub fn video_modes(&self) -> impl Iterator<Item = monitor::VideoMode> {
+        let size = self.size().into();
+        let mut v = Vec::new();
+        // FIXME this is not the real refresh rate
+        // (it is guarunteed to support 32 bit color though)
+        v.push(monitor::VideoMode {
+            video_mode: VideoMode {
+                size,
+                bit_depth: 32,
+                refresh_rate: 60,
+                monitor: self.clone(),
+            },
+        });
+        v.into_iter()
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, Eq, Hash, PartialEq)]
+pub struct VideoMode {
+    size: (u32, u32),
+    bit_depth: u16,
+    refresh_rate: u16,
+    monitor: MonitorHandle,
+}
+
+impl VideoMode {
+    pub fn size(&self) -> PhysicalSize<u32> {
+        self.size.into()
+    }
+
+    pub fn bit_depth(&self) -> u16 {
+        self.bit_depth
+    }
+
+    pub fn refresh_rate(&self) -> u16 {
+        self.refresh_rate
+    }
+
+    pub fn monitor(&self) -> monitor::MonitorHandle {
+        monitor::MonitorHandle {
+            inner: self.monitor.clone(),
+        }
+    }
+}

src/platform_impl/ios/event_loop.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,344 @@
+use std::{
+    collections::VecDeque,
+    ffi::c_void,
+    fmt::{self, Debug},
+    marker::PhantomData,
+    mem, ptr,
+    sync::mpsc::{self, Receiver, Sender},
+};
+
+use crate::{
+    dpi::LogicalSize,
+    event::Event,
+    event_loop::{
+        ControlFlow, EventLoopClosed, EventLoopWindowTarget as RootEventLoopWindowTarget,
+    },
+    monitor::MonitorHandle as RootMonitorHandle,
+    platform::ios::Idiom,
+};
+
+use crate::platform_impl::platform::{
+    app_state,
+    ffi::{
+        id, kCFRunLoopAfterWaiting, kCFRunLoopBeforeWaiting, kCFRunLoopCommonModes,
+        kCFRunLoopDefaultMode, kCFRunLoopEntry, kCFRunLoopExit, nil, CFIndex, CFRelease,
+        CFRunLoopActivity, CFRunLoopAddObserver, CFRunLoopAddSource, CFRunLoopGetMain,
+        CFRunLoopObserverCreate, CFRunLoopObserverRef, CFRunLoopSourceContext,
+        CFRunLoopSourceCreate, CFRunLoopSourceInvalidate, CFRunLoopSourceRef,
+        CFRunLoopSourceSignal, CFRunLoopWakeUp, NSStringRust, UIApplicationMain,
+        UIUserInterfaceIdiom,
+    },
+    monitor, view, MonitorHandle,
+};
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub enum EventWrapper {
+    StaticEvent(Event<'static, Never>),
+    EventProxy(EventProxy),
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, PartialEq)]
+pub enum EventProxy {
+    DpiChangedProxy {
+        window_id: id,
+        suggested_size: LogicalSize<f64>,
+        scale_factor: f64,
+    },
+}
+
+pub struct EventLoopWindowTarget<T: 'static> {
+    receiver: Receiver<T>,
+    sender_to_clone: Sender<T>,
+}
+
+impl<T: 'static> EventLoopWindowTarget<T> {
+    pub fn available_monitors(&self) -> VecDeque<MonitorHandle> {
+        // guaranteed to be on main thread
+        unsafe { monitor::uiscreens() }
+    }
+
+    pub fn primary_monitor(&self) -> Option<RootMonitorHandle> {
+        // guaranteed to be on main thread
+        let monitor = unsafe { monitor::main_uiscreen() };
+
+        Some(RootMonitorHandle { inner: monitor })
+    }
+}
+
+pub struct EventLoop<T: 'static> {
+    window_target: RootEventLoopWindowTarget<T>,
+}
+
+impl<T: 'static> EventLoop<T> {
+    pub fn new() -> EventLoop<T> {
+        static mut SINGLETON_INIT: bool = false;
+        unsafe {
+            assert_main_thread!("`EventLoop` can only be created on the main thread on iOS");
+            assert!(
+                !SINGLETON_INIT,
+                "Only one `EventLoop` is supported on iOS. \
+                 `EventLoopProxy` might be helpful"
+            );
+            SINGLETON_INIT = true;
+            view::create_delegate_class();
+        }
+
+        let (sender_to_clone, receiver) = mpsc::channel();
+
+        // this line sets up the main run loop before `UIApplicationMain`
+        setup_control_flow_observers();
+
+        EventLoop {
+            window_target: RootEventLoopWindowTarget {
+                p: EventLoopWindowTarget {
+                    receiver,
+                    sender_to_clone,
+                },
+                _marker: PhantomData,
+            },
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn run<F>(self, event_handler: F) -> !
+    where
+        F: 'static + FnMut(Event<'_, T>, &RootEventLoopWindowTarget<T>, &mut ControlFlow),
+    {
+        unsafe {
+            let application: *mut c_void = msg_send![class!(UIApplication), sharedApplication];
+            assert_eq!(
+                application,
+                ptr::null_mut(),
+                "\
+                 `EventLoop` cannot be `run` after a call to `UIApplicationMain` on iOS\n\
+                 Note: `EventLoop::run` calls `UIApplicationMain` on iOS"
+            );
+            app_state::will_launch(Box::new(EventLoopHandler {
+                f: event_handler,
+                event_loop: self.window_target,
+            }));
+
+            UIApplicationMain(
+                0,
+                ptr::null(),
+                nil,
+                NSStringRust::alloc(nil).init_str("AppDelegate"),
+            );
+            unreachable!()
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn create_proxy(&self) -> EventLoopProxy<T> {
+        EventLoopProxy::new(self.window_target.p.sender_to_clone.clone())
+    }
+
+    pub fn window_target(&self) -> &RootEventLoopWindowTarget<T> {
+        &self.window_target
+    }
+}
+
+// EventLoopExtIOS
+impl<T: 'static> EventLoop<T> {
+    pub fn idiom(&self) -> Idiom {
+        // guaranteed to be on main thread
+        unsafe { self::get_idiom() }
+    }
+}
+
+pub struct EventLoopProxy<T> {
+    sender: Sender<T>,
+    source: CFRunLoopSourceRef,
+}
+
+unsafe impl<T: Send> Send for EventLoopProxy<T> {}
+
+impl<T> Clone for EventLoopProxy<T> {
+    fn clone(&self) -> EventLoopProxy<T> {
+        EventLoopProxy::new(self.sender.clone())
+    }
+}
+
+impl<T> Drop for EventLoopProxy<T> {
+    fn drop(&mut self) {
+        unsafe {
+            CFRunLoopSourceInvalidate(self.source);
+            CFRelease(self.source as _);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<T> EventLoopProxy<T> {
+    fn new(sender: Sender<T>) -> EventLoopProxy<T> {
+        unsafe {
+            // just wake up the eventloop
+            extern "C" fn event_loop_proxy_handler(_: *mut c_void) {}
+
+            // adding a Source to the main CFRunLoop lets us wake it up and
+            // process user events through the normal OS EventLoop mechanisms.
+            let rl = CFRunLoopGetMain();
+            // we want all the members of context to be zero/null, except one
+            let mut context: CFRunLoopSourceContext = mem::zeroed();
+            context.perform = Some(event_loop_proxy_handler);
+            let source =
+                CFRunLoopSourceCreate(ptr::null_mut(), CFIndex::max_value() - 1, &mut context);
+            CFRunLoopAddSource(rl, source, kCFRunLoopCommonModes);
+            CFRunLoopWakeUp(rl);
+
+            EventLoopProxy { sender, source }
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn send_event(&self, event: T) -> Result<(), EventLoopClosed<T>> {
+        self.sender
+            .send(event)
+            .map_err(|::std::sync::mpsc::SendError(x)| EventLoopClosed(x))?;
+        unsafe {
+            // let the main thread know there's a new event
+            CFRunLoopSourceSignal(self.source);
+            let rl = CFRunLoopGetMain();
+            CFRunLoopWakeUp(rl);
+        }
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
+
+fn setup_control_flow_observers() {
+    unsafe {
+        // begin is queued with the highest priority to ensure it is processed before other observers
+        extern "C" fn control_flow_begin_handler(
+            _: CFRunLoopObserverRef,
+            activity: CFRunLoopActivity,
+            _: *mut c_void,
+        ) {
+            unsafe {
+                #[allow(non_upper_case_globals)]
+                match activity {
+                    kCFRunLoopAfterWaiting => app_state::handle_wakeup_transition(),
+                    kCFRunLoopEntry => unimplemented!(), // not expected to ever happen
+                    _ => unreachable!(),
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Core Animation registers its `CFRunLoopObserver` that performs drawing operations in
+        // `CA::Transaction::ensure_implicit` with a priority of `0x1e8480`. We set the main_end
+        // priority to be 0, in order to send MainEventsCleared before RedrawRequested. This value was
+        // chosen conservatively to guard against apple using different priorities for their redraw
+        // observers in different OS's or on different devices. If it so happens that it's too
+        // conservative, the main symptom would be non-redraw events coming in after `MainEventsCleared`.
+        //
+        // The value of `0x1e8480` was determined by inspecting stack traces and the associated
+        // registers for every `CFRunLoopAddObserver` call on an iPad Air 2 running iOS 11.4.
+        //
+        // Also tested to be `0x1e8480` on iPhone 8, iOS 13 beta 4.
+        extern "C" fn control_flow_main_end_handler(
+            _: CFRunLoopObserverRef,
+            activity: CFRunLoopActivity,
+            _: *mut c_void,
+        ) {
+            unsafe {
+                #[allow(non_upper_case_globals)]
+                match activity {
+                    kCFRunLoopBeforeWaiting => app_state::handle_main_events_cleared(),
+                    kCFRunLoopExit => unimplemented!(), // not expected to ever happen
+                    _ => unreachable!(),
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        // end is queued with the lowest priority to ensure it is processed after other observers
+        extern "C" fn control_flow_end_handler(
+            _: CFRunLoopObserverRef,
+            activity: CFRunLoopActivity,
+            _: *mut c_void,
+        ) {
+            unsafe {
+                #[allow(non_upper_case_globals)]
+                match activity {
+                    kCFRunLoopBeforeWaiting => app_state::handle_events_cleared(),
+                    kCFRunLoopExit => unimplemented!(), // not expected to ever happen
+                    _ => unreachable!(),
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        let main_loop = CFRunLoopGetMain();
+
+        let begin_observer = CFRunLoopObserverCreate(
+            ptr::null_mut(),
+            kCFRunLoopEntry | kCFRunLoopAfterWaiting,
+            1, // repeat = true
+            CFIndex::min_value(),
+            control_flow_begin_handler,
+            ptr::null_mut(),
+        );
+        CFRunLoopAddObserver(main_loop, begin_observer, kCFRunLoopDefaultMode);
+
+        let main_end_observer = CFRunLoopObserverCreate(
+            ptr::null_mut(),
+            kCFRunLoopExit | kCFRunLoopBeforeWaiting,
+            1, // repeat = true
+            0, // see comment on `control_flow_main_end_handler`
+            control_flow_main_end_handler,
+            ptr::null_mut(),
+        );
+        CFRunLoopAddObserver(main_loop, main_end_observer, kCFRunLoopDefaultMode);
+
+        let end_observer = CFRunLoopObserverCreate(
+            ptr::null_mut(),
+            kCFRunLoopExit | kCFRunLoopBeforeWaiting,
+            1, // repeat = true
+            CFIndex::max_value(),
+            control_flow_end_handler,
+            ptr::null_mut(),
+        );
+        CFRunLoopAddObserver(main_loop, end_observer, kCFRunLoopDefaultMode);
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub enum Never {}
+
+pub trait EventHandler: Debug {
+    fn handle_nonuser_event(&mut self, event: Event<'_, Never>, control_flow: &mut ControlFlow);
+    fn handle_user_events(&mut self, control_flow: &mut ControlFlow);
+}
+
+struct EventLoopHandler<F, T: 'static> {
+    f: F,
+    event_loop: RootEventLoopWindowTarget<T>,
+}
+
+impl<F, T: 'static> Debug for EventLoopHandler<F, T> {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
+        f.debug_struct("EventLoopHandler")
+            .field("event_loop", &self.event_loop)
+            .finish()
+    }
+}
+
+impl<F, T> EventHandler for EventLoopHandler<F, T>
+where
+    F: 'static + FnMut(Event<'_, T>, &RootEventLoopWindowTarget<T>, &mut ControlFlow),
+    T: 'static,
+{
+    fn handle_nonuser_event(&mut self, event: Event<'_, Never>, control_flow: &mut ControlFlow) {
+        (self.f)(
+            event.map_nonuser_event().unwrap(),
+            &self.event_loop,
+            control_flow,
+        );
+    }
+
+    fn handle_user_events(&mut self, control_flow: &mut ControlFlow) {
+        for event in self.event_loop.p.receiver.try_iter() {
+            (self.f)(Event::UserEvent(event), &self.event_loop, control_flow);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+// must be called on main thread
+pub unsafe fn get_idiom() -> Idiom {
+    let device: id = msg_send![class!(UIDevice), currentDevice];
+    let raw_idiom: UIUserInterfaceIdiom = msg_send![device, userInterfaceIdiom];
+    raw_idiom.into()
+}

src/platform_impl/ios/ffi.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,393 @@
+#![allow(non_camel_case_types, non_snake_case, non_upper_case_globals)]
+
+use std::{convert::TryInto, ffi::CString, ops::BitOr, os::raw::*};
+
+use objc::{runtime::Object, Encode, Encoding};
+
+use crate::{
+    dpi::LogicalSize,
+    platform::ios::{Idiom, ScreenEdge, ValidOrientations},
+};
+
+pub type id = *mut Object;
+pub const nil: id = 0 as id;
+
+#[cfg(target_pointer_width = "32")]
+pub type CGFloat = f32;
+#[cfg(target_pointer_width = "64")]
+pub type CGFloat = f64;
+
+pub type NSInteger = isize;
+pub type NSUInteger = usize;
+
+#[repr(C)]
+#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
+pub struct NSOperatingSystemVersion {
+    pub major: NSInteger,
+    pub minor: NSInteger,
+    pub patch: NSInteger,
+}
+
+#[repr(C)]
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq)]
+pub struct CGPoint {
+    pub x: CGFloat,
+    pub y: CGFloat,
+}
+
+#[repr(C)]
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq)]
+pub struct CGSize {
+    pub width: CGFloat,
+    pub height: CGFloat,
+}
+
+impl CGSize {
+    pub fn new(size: LogicalSize<f64>) -> CGSize {
+        CGSize {
+            width: size.width as _,
+            height: size.height as _,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[repr(C)]
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq)]
+pub struct CGRect {
+    pub origin: CGPoint,
+    pub size: CGSize,
+}
+
+impl CGRect {
+    pub fn new(origin: CGPoint, size: CGSize) -> CGRect {
+        CGRect { origin, size }
+    }
+}
+
+unsafe impl Encode for CGRect {
+    fn encode() -> Encoding {
+        unsafe {
+            if cfg!(target_pointer_width = "32") {
+                Encoding::from_str("{CGRect={CGPoint=ff}{CGSize=ff}}")
+            } else if cfg!(target_pointer_width = "64") {
+                Encoding::from_str("{CGRect={CGPoint=dd}{CGSize=dd}}")
+            } else {
+                unimplemented!()
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+#[derive(Debug)]
+#[allow(dead_code)]
+#[repr(isize)]
+pub enum UITouchPhase {
+    Began = 0,
+    Moved,
+    Stationary,
+    Ended,
+    Cancelled,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, PartialEq)]
+#[allow(dead_code)]
+#[repr(isize)]
+pub enum UIForceTouchCapability {
+    Unknown = 0,
+    Unavailable,
+    Available,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, PartialEq)]
+#[allow(dead_code)]
+#[repr(isize)]
+pub enum UITouchType {
+    Direct = 0,
+    Indirect,
+    Pencil,
+}
+
+#[repr(C)]
+#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+pub struct UIEdgeInsets {
+    pub top: CGFloat,
+    pub left: CGFloat,
+    pub bottom: CGFloat,
+    pub right: CGFloat,
+}
+
+#[repr(transparent)]
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub struct UIUserInterfaceIdiom(NSInteger);
+
+unsafe impl Encode for UIUserInterfaceIdiom {
+    fn encode() -> Encoding {
+        NSInteger::encode()
+    }
+}
+
+impl UIUserInterfaceIdiom {
+    pub const Unspecified: UIUserInterfaceIdiom = UIUserInterfaceIdiom(-1);
+    pub const Phone: UIUserInterfaceIdiom = UIUserInterfaceIdiom(0);
+    pub const Pad: UIUserInterfaceIdiom = UIUserInterfaceIdiom(1);
+    pub const TV: UIUserInterfaceIdiom = UIUserInterfaceIdiom(2);
+    pub const CarPlay: UIUserInterfaceIdiom = UIUserInterfaceIdiom(3);
+}
+
+impl From<Idiom> for UIUserInterfaceIdiom {
+    fn from(idiom: Idiom) -> UIUserInterfaceIdiom {
+        match idiom {
+            Idiom::Unspecified => UIUserInterfaceIdiom::Unspecified,
+            Idiom::Phone => UIUserInterfaceIdiom::Phone,
+            Idiom::Pad => UIUserInterfaceIdiom::Pad,
+            Idiom::TV => UIUserInterfaceIdiom::TV,
+            Idiom::CarPlay => UIUserInterfaceIdiom::CarPlay,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl Into<Idiom> for UIUserInterfaceIdiom {
+    fn into(self) -> Idiom {
+        match self {
+            UIUserInterfaceIdiom::Unspecified => Idiom::Unspecified,
+            UIUserInterfaceIdiom::Phone => Idiom::Phone,
+            UIUserInterfaceIdiom::Pad => Idiom::Pad,
+            UIUserInterfaceIdiom::TV => Idiom::TV,
+            UIUserInterfaceIdiom::CarPlay => Idiom::CarPlay,
+            _ => unreachable!(),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[repr(transparent)]
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug)]
+pub struct UIInterfaceOrientationMask(NSUInteger);
+
+unsafe impl Encode for UIInterfaceOrientationMask {
+    fn encode() -> Encoding {
+        NSUInteger::encode()
+    }
+}
+
+impl UIInterfaceOrientationMask {
+    pub const Portrait: UIInterfaceOrientationMask = UIInterfaceOrientationMask(1 << 1);
+    pub const PortraitUpsideDown: UIInterfaceOrientationMask = UIInterfaceOrientationMask(1 << 2);
+    pub const LandscapeLeft: UIInterfaceOrientationMask = UIInterfaceOrientationMask(1 << 4);
+    pub const LandscapeRight: UIInterfaceOrientationMask = UIInterfaceOrientationMask(1 << 3);
+    pub const Landscape: UIInterfaceOrientationMask =
+        UIInterfaceOrientationMask(Self::LandscapeLeft.0 | Self::LandscapeRight.0);
+    pub const AllButUpsideDown: UIInterfaceOrientationMask =
+        UIInterfaceOrientationMask(Self::Landscape.0 | Self::Portrait.0);
+    pub const All: UIInterfaceOrientationMask =
+        UIInterfaceOrientationMask(Self::AllButUpsideDown.0 | Self::PortraitUpsideDown.0);
+}
+
+impl BitOr for UIInterfaceOrientationMask {
+    type Output = Self;
+
+    fn bitor(self, rhs: Self) -> Self {
+        UIInterfaceOrientationMask(self.0 | rhs.0)
+    }
+}
+
+impl UIInterfaceOrientationMask {
+    pub fn from_valid_orientations_idiom(
+        valid_orientations: ValidOrientations,
+        idiom: Idiom,
+    ) -> UIInterfaceOrientationMask {
+        match (valid_orientations, idiom) {
+            (ValidOrientations::LandscapeAndPortrait, Idiom::Phone) => {
+                UIInterfaceOrientationMask::AllButUpsideDown
+            }
+            (ValidOrientations::LandscapeAndPortrait, _) => UIInterfaceOrientationMask::All,
+            (ValidOrientations::Landscape, _) => UIInterfaceOrientationMask::Landscape,
+            (ValidOrientations::Portrait, Idiom::Phone) => UIInterfaceOrientationMask::Portrait,
+            (ValidOrientations::Portrait, _) => {
+                UIInterfaceOrientationMask::Portrait
+                    | UIInterfaceOrientationMask::PortraitUpsideDown
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[repr(transparent)]
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub struct UIRectEdge(NSUInteger);
+
+unsafe impl Encode for UIRectEdge {
+    fn encode() -> Encoding {
+        NSUInteger::encode()
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<ScreenEdge> for UIRectEdge {
+    fn from(screen_edge: ScreenEdge) -> UIRectEdge {
+        assert_eq!(
+            screen_edge.bits() & !ScreenEdge::ALL.bits(),
+            0,
+            "invalid `ScreenEdge`"
+        );
+        UIRectEdge(screen_edge.bits().into())
+    }
+}
+
+impl Into<ScreenEdge> for UIRectEdge {
+    fn into(self) -> ScreenEdge {
+        let bits: u8 = self.0.try_into().expect("invalid `UIRectEdge`");
+        ScreenEdge::from_bits(bits).expect("invalid `ScreenEdge`")
+    }
+}
+
+#[repr(transparent)]
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub struct UIScreenOverscanCompensation(NSInteger);
+
+unsafe impl Encode for UIScreenOverscanCompensation {
+    fn encode() -> Encoding {
+        NSInteger::encode()
+    }
+}
+
+#[allow(dead_code)]
+impl UIScreenOverscanCompensation {
+    pub const Scale: UIScreenOverscanCompensation = UIScreenOverscanCompensation(0);
+    pub const InsetBounds: UIScreenOverscanCompensation = UIScreenOverscanCompensation(1);
+    pub const None: UIScreenOverscanCompensation = UIScreenOverscanCompensation(2);
+}
+
+#[link(name = "UIKit", kind = "framework")]
+#[link(name = "CoreFoundation", kind = "framework")]
+extern "C" {
+    pub static kCFRunLoopDefaultMode: CFRunLoopMode;
+    pub static kCFRunLoopCommonModes: CFRunLoopMode;
+
+    pub fn UIApplicationMain(
+        argc: c_int,
+        argv: *const c_char,
+        principalClassName: id,
+        delegateClassName: id,
+    ) -> c_int;
+
+    pub fn CFRunLoopGetMain() -> CFRunLoopRef;
+    pub fn CFRunLoopWakeUp(rl: CFRunLoopRef);
+
+    pub fn CFRunLoopObserverCreate(
+        allocator: CFAllocatorRef,
+        activities: CFOptionFlags,
+        repeats: Boolean,
+        order: CFIndex,
+        callout: CFRunLoopObserverCallBack,
+        context: *mut CFRunLoopObserverContext,
+    ) -> CFRunLoopObserverRef;
+    pub fn CFRunLoopAddObserver(
+        rl: CFRunLoopRef,
+        observer: CFRunLoopObserverRef,
+        mode: CFRunLoopMode,
+    );
+
+    pub fn CFRunLoopTimerCreate(
+        allocator: CFAllocatorRef,
+        fireDate: CFAbsoluteTime,
+        interval: CFTimeInterval,
+        flags: CFOptionFlags,
+        order: CFIndex,
+        callout: CFRunLoopTimerCallBack,
+        context: *mut CFRunLoopTimerContext,
+    ) -> CFRunLoopTimerRef;
+    pub fn CFRunLoopAddTimer(rl: CFRunLoopRef, timer: CFRunLoopTimerRef, mode: CFRunLoopMode);
+    pub fn CFRunLoopTimerSetNextFireDate(timer: CFRunLoopTimerRef, fireDate: CFAbsoluteTime);
+    pub fn CFRunLoopTimerInvalidate(time: CFRunLoopTimerRef);
+
+    pub fn CFRunLoopSourceCreate(
+        allocator: CFAllocatorRef,
+        order: CFIndex,
+        context: *mut CFRunLoopSourceContext,
+    ) -> CFRunLoopSourceRef;
+    pub fn CFRunLoopAddSource(rl: CFRunLoopRef, source: CFRunLoopSourceRef, mode: CFRunLoopMode);
+    pub fn CFRunLoopSourceInvalidate(source: CFRunLoopSourceRef);
+    pub fn CFRunLoopSourceSignal(source: CFRunLoopSourceRef);
+
+    pub fn CFAbsoluteTimeGetCurrent() -> CFAbsoluteTime;
+    pub fn CFRelease(cftype: *const c_void);
+}
+
+pub type Boolean = u8;
+pub enum CFAllocator {}
+pub type CFAllocatorRef = *mut CFAllocator;
+pub enum CFRunLoop {}
+pub type CFRunLoopRef = *mut CFRunLoop;
+pub type CFRunLoopMode = CFStringRef;
+pub enum CFRunLoopObserver {}
+pub type CFRunLoopObserverRef = *mut CFRunLoopObserver;
+pub enum CFRunLoopTimer {}
+pub type CFRunLoopTimerRef = *mut CFRunLoopTimer;
+pub enum CFRunLoopSource {}
+pub type CFRunLoopSourceRef = *mut CFRunLoopSource;
+pub enum CFString {}
+pub type CFStringRef = *const CFString;
+
+pub type CFHashCode = c_ulong;
+pub type CFIndex = c_long;
+pub type CFOptionFlags = c_ulong;
+pub type CFRunLoopActivity = CFOptionFlags;
+
+pub type CFAbsoluteTime = CFTimeInterval;
+pub type CFTimeInterval = f64;
+
+pub const kCFRunLoopEntry: CFRunLoopActivity = 0;
+pub const kCFRunLoopBeforeWaiting: CFRunLoopActivity = 1 << 5;
+pub const kCFRunLoopAfterWaiting: CFRunLoopActivity = 1 << 6;
+pub const kCFRunLoopExit: CFRunLoopActivity = 1 << 7;
+
+pub type CFRunLoopObserverCallBack =
+    extern "C" fn(observer: CFRunLoopObserverRef, activity: CFRunLoopActivity, info: *mut c_void);
+pub type CFRunLoopTimerCallBack = extern "C" fn(timer: CFRunLoopTimerRef, info: *mut c_void);
+
+pub enum CFRunLoopObserverContext {}
+pub enum CFRunLoopTimerContext {}
+
+#[repr(C)]
+pub struct CFRunLoopSourceContext {
+    pub version: CFIndex,
+    pub info: *mut c_void,
+    pub retain: Option<extern "C" fn(*const c_void) -> *const c_void>,
+    pub release: Option<extern "C" fn(*const c_void)>,
+    pub copyDescription: Option<extern "C" fn(*const c_void) -> CFStringRef>,
+    pub equal: Option<extern "C" fn(*const c_void, *const c_void) -> Boolean>,
+    pub hash: Option<extern "C" fn(*const c_void) -> CFHashCode>,
+    pub schedule: Option<extern "C" fn(*mut c_void, CFRunLoopRef, CFRunLoopMode)>,
+    pub cancel: Option<extern "C" fn(*mut c_void, CFRunLoopRef, CFRunLoopMode)>,
+    pub perform: Option<extern "C" fn(*mut c_void)>,
+}
+
+// This is named NSStringRust rather than NSString because the "Debug View Heirarchy" feature of
+// Xcode requires a non-ambiguous reference to NSString for unclear reasons. This makes Xcode happy
+// so please test if you change the name back to NSString.
+pub trait NSStringRust: Sized {
+    unsafe fn alloc(_: Self) -> id {
+        msg_send![class!(NSString), alloc]
+    }
+
+    unsafe fn initWithUTF8String_(self, c_string: *const c_char) -> id;
+    unsafe fn stringByAppendingString_(self, other: id) -> id;
+    unsafe fn init_str(self, string: &str) -> Self;
+    unsafe fn UTF8String(self) -> *const c_char;
+}
+
+impl NSStringRust for id {
+    unsafe fn initWithUTF8String_(self, c_string: *const c_char) -> id {
+        msg_send![self, initWithUTF8String: c_string as id]
+    }
+
+    unsafe fn stringByAppendingString_(self, other: id) -> id {
+        msg_send![self, stringByAppendingString: other]
+    }
+
+    unsafe fn init_str(self, string: &str) -> id {
+        let cstring = CString::new(string).unwrap();
+        self.initWithUTF8String_(cstring.as_ptr())
+    }
+
+    unsafe fn UTF8String(self) -> *const c_char {
+        msg_send![self, UTF8String]
+    }
+}

src/platform_impl/ios/mod.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,113 @@
+//! iOS support
+//!
+//! # Building app
+//! To build ios app you will need rustc built for this targets:
+//!
+//!  - armv7-apple-ios
+//!  - armv7s-apple-ios
+//!  - i386-apple-ios
+//!  - aarch64-apple-ios
+//!  - x86_64-apple-ios
+//!
+//! Then
+//!
+//! ```
+//! cargo build --target=...
+//! ```
+//! The simplest way to integrate your app into xcode environment is to build it
+//! as a static library. Wrap your main function and export it.
+//!
+//! ```rust, ignore
+//! #[no_mangle]
+//! pub extern fn start_winit_app() {
+//!     start_inner()
+//! }
+//!
+//! fn start_inner() {
+//!    ...
+//! }
+//! ```
+//!
+//! Compile project and then drag resulting .a into Xcode project. Add winit.h to xcode.
+//!
+//! ```ignore
+//! void start_winit_app();
+//! ```
+//!
+//! Use start_winit_app inside your xcode's main function.
+//!
+//!
+//! # App lifecycle and events
+//!
+//! iOS environment is very different from other platforms and you must be very
+//! careful with it's events. Familiarize yourself with
+//! [app lifecycle](https://developer.apple.com/library/ios/documentation/UIKit/Reference/UIApplicationDelegate_Protocol/).
+//!
+//!
+//! This is how those event are represented in winit:
+//!
+//!  - applicationDidBecomeActive is Resumed
+//!  - applicationWillResignActive is Suspended
+//!  - applicationWillTerminate is LoopDestroyed
+//!
+//! Keep in mind that after LoopDestroyed event is received every attempt to draw with
+//! opengl will result in segfault.
+//!
+//! Also note that app may not receive the LoopDestroyed event if suspended; it might be SIGKILL'ed.
+
+#![cfg(target_os = "ios")]
+
+// TODO: (mtak-) UIKit requires main thread for virtually all function/method calls. This could be
+// worked around in the future by using GCD (grand central dispatch) and/or caching of values like
+// window size/position.
+macro_rules! assert_main_thread {
+    ($($t:tt)*) => {
+        if !msg_send![class!(NSThread), isMainThread] {
+            panic!($($t)*);
+        }
+    };
+}
+
+mod app_state;
+mod event_loop;
+mod ffi;
+mod monitor;
+mod view;
+mod window;
+
+use std::fmt;
+
+pub use self::{
+    event_loop::{EventLoop, EventLoopProxy, EventLoopWindowTarget},
+    monitor::{MonitorHandle, VideoMode},
+    window::{PlatformSpecificWindowBuilderAttributes, Window, WindowId},
+};
+
+pub(crate) use crate::icon::NoIcon as PlatformIcon;
+
+#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord, Hash)]
+pub struct DeviceId {
+    uiscreen: ffi::id,
+}
+
+impl DeviceId {
+    pub unsafe fn dummy() -> Self {
+        DeviceId {
+            uiscreen: std::ptr::null_mut(),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+unsafe impl Send for DeviceId {}
+unsafe impl Sync for DeviceId {}
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub enum OsError {}
+
+impl fmt::Display for OsError {
+    fn fmt(&self, _: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
+        match self {
+            _ => unreachable!(),
+        }
+    }
+}

src/platform_impl/ios/monitor.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,299 @@
+use std::{
+    collections::{BTreeSet, VecDeque},
+    fmt,
+    ops::{Deref, DerefMut},
+};
+
+use crate::{
+    dpi::{PhysicalPosition, PhysicalSize},
+    monitor::{MonitorHandle as RootMonitorHandle, VideoMode as RootVideoMode},
+    platform_impl::platform::{
+        app_state,
+        ffi::{id, nil, CGFloat, CGRect, CGSize, NSInteger, NSUInteger},
+    },
+};
+
+#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
+pub struct VideoMode {
+    pub(crate) size: (u32, u32),
+    pub(crate) bit_depth: u16,
+    pub(crate) refresh_rate: u16,
+    pub(crate) screen_mode: NativeDisplayMode,
+    pub(crate) monitor: MonitorHandle,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
+pub struct NativeDisplayMode(pub id);
+
+unsafe impl Send for NativeDisplayMode {}
+
+impl Drop for NativeDisplayMode {
+    fn drop(&mut self) {
+        unsafe {
+            let () = msg_send![self.0, release];
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl Clone for NativeDisplayMode {
+    fn clone(&self) -> Self {
+        unsafe {
+            let _: id = msg_send![self.0, retain];
+        }
+        NativeDisplayMode(self.0)
+    }
+}
+
+impl Clone for VideoMode {
+    fn clone(&self) -> VideoMode {
+        VideoMode {
+            size: self.size,
+            bit_depth: self.bit_depth,
+            refresh_rate: self.refresh_rate,
+            screen_mode: self.screen_mode.clone(),
+            monitor: self.monitor.clone(),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl VideoMode {
+    unsafe fn retained_new(uiscreen: id, screen_mode: id) -> VideoMode {
+        assert_main_thread!("`VideoMode` can only be created on the main thread on iOS");
+        let os_capabilities = app_state::os_capabilities();
+        let refresh_rate: NSInteger = if os_capabilities.maximum_frames_per_second {
+            msg_send![uiscreen, maximumFramesPerSecond]
+        } else {
+            // https://developer.apple.com/library/archive/technotes/tn2460/_index.html
+            // https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPad_Pro#Model_comparison
+            //
+            // All iOS devices support 60 fps, and on devices where `maximumFramesPerSecond` is not
+            // supported, they are all guaranteed to have 60hz refresh rates. This does not
+            // correctly handle external displays. ProMotion displays support 120fps, but they were
+            // introduced at the same time as the `maximumFramesPerSecond` API.
+            //
+            // FIXME: earlier OSs could calculate the refresh rate using
+            // `-[CADisplayLink duration]`.
+            os_capabilities.maximum_frames_per_second_err_msg("defaulting to 60 fps");
+            60
+        };
+        let size: CGSize = msg_send![screen_mode, size];
+        let screen_mode: id = msg_send![screen_mode, retain];
+        let screen_mode = NativeDisplayMode(screen_mode);
+        VideoMode {
+            size: (size.width as u32, size.height as u32),
+            bit_depth: 32,
+            refresh_rate: refresh_rate as u16,
+            screen_mode,
+            monitor: MonitorHandle::retained_new(uiscreen),
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn size(&self) -> PhysicalSize<u32> {
+        self.size.into()
+    }
+
+    pub fn bit_depth(&self) -> u16 {
+        self.bit_depth
+    }
+
+    pub fn refresh_rate(&self) -> u16 {
+        self.refresh_rate
+    }
+
+    pub fn monitor(&self) -> RootMonitorHandle {
+        RootMonitorHandle {
+            inner: self.monitor.clone(),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(PartialEq, Eq, Hash, PartialOrd, Ord)]
+pub struct Inner {
+    uiscreen: id,
+}
+
+impl Drop for Inner {
+    fn drop(&mut self) {
+        unsafe {
+            let () = msg_send![self.uiscreen, release];
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(PartialEq, Eq, Hash, PartialOrd, Ord)]
+pub struct MonitorHandle {
+    inner: Inner,
+}
+
+impl Deref for MonitorHandle {
+    type Target = Inner;
+
+    fn deref(&self) -> &Inner {
+        unsafe {
+            assert_main_thread!(
+                "`MonitorHandle` methods can only be run on the main thread on iOS"
+            );
+        }
+        &self.inner
+    }
+}
+
+impl DerefMut for MonitorHandle {
+    fn deref_mut(&mut self) -> &mut Inner {
+        unsafe {
+            assert_main_thread!(
+                "`MonitorHandle` methods can only be run on the main thread on iOS"
+            );
+        }
+        &mut self.inner
+    }
+}
+
+unsafe impl Send for MonitorHandle {}
+unsafe impl Sync for MonitorHandle {}
+
+impl Clone for MonitorHandle {
+    fn clone(&self) -> MonitorHandle {
+        MonitorHandle::retained_new(self.uiscreen)
+    }
+}
+
+impl Drop for MonitorHandle {
+    fn drop(&mut self) {
+        unsafe {
+            assert_main_thread!("`MonitorHandle` can only be dropped on the main thread on iOS");
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl fmt::Debug for MonitorHandle {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
+        #[derive(Debug)]
+        struct MonitorHandle {
+            name: Option<String>,
+            size: PhysicalSize<u32>,
+            position: PhysicalPosition<i32>,
+            scale_factor: f64,
+        }
+
+        let monitor_id_proxy = MonitorHandle {
+            name: self.name(),
+            size: self.size(),
+            position: self.position(),
+            scale_factor: self.scale_factor(),
+        };
+
+        monitor_id_proxy.fmt(f)
+    }
+}
+
+impl MonitorHandle {
+    pub fn retained_new(uiscreen: id) -> MonitorHandle {
+        unsafe {
+            assert_main_thread!("`MonitorHandle` can only be cloned on the main thread on iOS");
+            let () = msg_send![uiscreen, retain];
+        }
+        MonitorHandle {
+            inner: Inner { uiscreen },
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl Inner {
+    pub fn name(&self) -> Option<String> {
+        unsafe {
+            let main = main_uiscreen();
+            if self.uiscreen == main.uiscreen {
+                Some("Primary".to_string())
+            } else if self.uiscreen == mirrored_uiscreen(&main).uiscreen {
+                Some("Mirrored".to_string())
+            } else {
+                uiscreens()
+                    .iter()
+                    .position(|rhs| rhs.uiscreen == self.uiscreen)
+                    .map(|idx| idx.to_string())
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn size(&self) -> PhysicalSize<u32> {
+        unsafe {
+            let bounds: CGRect = msg_send![self.ui_screen(), nativeBounds];
+            PhysicalSize::new(bounds.size.width as u32, bounds.size.height as u32)
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn position(&self) -> PhysicalPosition<i32> {
+        unsafe {
+            let bounds: CGRect = msg_send![self.ui_screen(), nativeBounds];
+            (bounds.origin.x as f64, bounds.origin.y as f64).into()
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn scale_factor(&self) -> f64 {
+        unsafe {
+            let scale: CGFloat = msg_send![self.ui_screen(), nativeScale];
+            scale as f64
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn video_modes(&self) -> impl Iterator<Item = RootVideoMode> {
+        let mut modes = BTreeSet::new();
+        unsafe {
+            let available_modes: id = msg_send![self.uiscreen, availableModes];
+            let available_mode_count: NSUInteger = msg_send![available_modes, count];
+
+            for i in 0..available_mode_count {
+                let mode: id = msg_send![available_modes, objectAtIndex: i];
+                modes.insert(RootVideoMode {
+                    video_mode: VideoMode::retained_new(self.uiscreen, mode),
+                });
+            }
+        }
+
+        modes.into_iter()
+    }
+}
+
+// MonitorHandleExtIOS
+impl Inner {
+    pub fn ui_screen(&self) -> id {
+        self.uiscreen
+    }
+
+    pub fn preferred_video_mode(&self) -> RootVideoMode {
+        unsafe {
+            let mode: id = msg_send![self.uiscreen, preferredMode];
+            RootVideoMode {
+                video_mode: VideoMode::retained_new(self.uiscreen, mode),
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+// requires being run on main thread
+pub unsafe fn main_uiscreen() -> MonitorHandle {
+    let uiscreen: id = msg_send![class!(UIScreen), mainScreen];
+    MonitorHandle::retained_new(uiscreen)
+}
+
+// requires being run on main thread
+unsafe fn mirrored_uiscreen(monitor: &MonitorHandle) -> MonitorHandle {
+    let uiscreen: id = msg_send![monitor.uiscreen, mirroredScreen];
+    MonitorHandle::retained_new(uiscreen)
+}
+
+// requires being run on main thread
+pub unsafe fn uiscreens() -> VecDeque<MonitorHandle> {
+    let screens: id = msg_send![class!(UIScreen), screens];
+    let count: NSUInteger = msg_send![screens, count];
+    let mut result = VecDeque::with_capacity(count as _);
+    let screens_enum: id = msg_send![screens, objectEnumerator];
+    loop {
+        let screen: id = msg_send![screens_enum, nextObject];
+        if screen == nil {
+            break result;
+        }
+        result.push_back(MonitorHandle::retained_new(screen));
+    }
+}

src/platform_impl/ios/view.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,624 @@
+use std::collections::HashMap;
+
+use objc::{
+    declare::ClassDecl,
+    runtime::{Class, Object, Sel, BOOL, NO, YES},
+};
+
+use crate::{
+    dpi::PhysicalPosition,
+    event::{DeviceId as RootDeviceId, Event, Force, Touch, TouchPhase, WindowEvent},
+    platform::ios::MonitorHandleExtIOS,
+    platform_impl::platform::{
+        app_state::{self, OSCapabilities},
+        event_loop::{self, EventProxy, EventWrapper},
+        ffi::{
+            id, nil, CGFloat, CGPoint, CGRect, UIForceTouchCapability, UIInterfaceOrientationMask,
+            UIRectEdge, UITouchPhase, UITouchType,
+        },
+        window::PlatformSpecificWindowBuilderAttributes,
+        DeviceId,
+    },
+    window::{Fullscreen, WindowAttributes, WindowId as RootWindowId},
+};
+
+macro_rules! add_property {
+    (
+        $decl:ident,
+        $name:ident: $t:ty,
+        $setter_name:ident: |$object:ident| $after_set:expr,
+        $getter_name:ident,
+    ) => {
+        add_property!(
+            $decl,
+            $name: $t,
+            $setter_name: true, |_, _|{}; |$object| $after_set,
+            $getter_name,
+        )
+    };
+    (
+        $decl:ident,
+        $name:ident: $t:ty,
+        $setter_name:ident: $capability:expr, $err:expr; |$object:ident| $after_set:expr,
+        $getter_name:ident,
+    ) => {
+        {
+            const VAR_NAME: &'static str = concat!("_", stringify!($name));
+            $decl.add_ivar::<$t>(VAR_NAME);
+            let setter = if $capability {
+                #[allow(non_snake_case)]
+                extern "C" fn $setter_name($object: &mut Object, _: Sel, value: $t) {
+                    unsafe {
+                        $object.set_ivar::<$t>(VAR_NAME, value);
+                    }
+                    $after_set
+                }
+                $setter_name
+            } else {
+                #[allow(non_snake_case)]
+                extern "C" fn $setter_name($object: &mut Object, _: Sel, value: $t) {
+                    unsafe {
+                        $object.set_ivar::<$t>(VAR_NAME, value);
+                    }
+                    $err(&app_state::os_capabilities(), "ignoring")
+                }
+                $setter_name
+            };
+            #[allow(non_snake_case)]
+            extern "C" fn $getter_name($object: &Object, _: Sel) -> $t {
+                unsafe { *$object.get_ivar::<$t>(VAR_NAME) }
+            }
+            $decl.add_method(
+                sel!($setter_name:),
+                setter as extern "C" fn(&mut Object, Sel, $t),
+            );
+            $decl.add_method(
+                sel!($getter_name),
+                $getter_name as extern "C" fn(&Object, Sel) -> $t,
+            );
+        }
+    };
+}
+
+// requires main thread
+unsafe fn get_view_class(root_view_class: &'static Class) -> &'static Class {
+    static mut CLASSES: Option<HashMap<*const Class, &'static Class>> = None;
+    static mut ID: usize = 0;
+
+    if CLASSES.is_none() {
+        CLASSES = Some(HashMap::default());
+    }
+
+    let classes = CLASSES.as_mut().unwrap();
+
+    classes.entry(root_view_class).or_insert_with(move || {
+        let uiview_class = class!(UIView);
+        let is_uiview: BOOL = msg_send![root_view_class, isSubclassOfClass: uiview_class];
+        assert_eq!(
+            is_uiview, YES,
+            "`root_view_class` must inherit from `UIView`"
+        );
+
+        extern "C" fn draw_rect(object: &Object, _: Sel, rect: CGRect) {
+            unsafe {
+                let window: id = msg_send![object, window];
+                assert!(!window.is_null());
+                app_state::handle_nonuser_events(
+                    std::iter::once(EventWrapper::StaticEvent(Event::RedrawRequested(
+                        RootWindowId(window.into()),
+                    )))
+                    .chain(std::iter::once(EventWrapper::StaticEvent(
+                        Event::RedrawEventsCleared,
+                    ))),
+                );
+                let superclass: &'static Class = msg_send![object, superclass];
+                let () = msg_send![super(object, superclass), drawRect: rect];
+            }
+        }
+
+        extern "C" fn layout_subviews(object: &Object, _: Sel) {
+            unsafe {
+                let superclass: &'static Class = msg_send![object, superclass];
+                let () = msg_send![super(object, superclass), layoutSubviews];
+
+                let window: id = msg_send![object, window];
+                assert!(!window.is_null());
+                let window_bounds: CGRect = msg_send![window, bounds];
+                let screen: id = msg_send![window, screen];
+                let screen_space: id = msg_send![screen, coordinateSpace];
+                let screen_frame: CGRect =
+                    msg_send![object, convertRect:window_bounds toCoordinateSpace:screen_space];
+                let scale_factor: CGFloat = msg_send![screen, scale];
+                let size = crate::dpi::LogicalSize {
+                    width: screen_frame.size.width as f64,
+                    height: screen_frame.size.height as f64,
+                }
+                .to_physical(scale_factor.into());
+
+                // If the app is started in landscape, the view frame and window bounds can be mismatched.
+                // The view frame will be in portrait and the window bounds in landscape. So apply the
+                // window bounds to the view frame to make it consistent.
+                let view_frame: CGRect = msg_send![object, frame];
+                if view_frame != window_bounds {
+                    let () = msg_send![object, setFrame: window_bounds];
+                }
+
+                app_state::handle_nonuser_event(EventWrapper::StaticEvent(Event::WindowEvent {
+                    window_id: RootWindowId(window.into()),
+                    event: WindowEvent::Resized(size),
+                }));
+            }
+        }
+
+        extern "C" fn set_content_scale_factor(
+            object: &mut Object,
+            _: Sel,
+            untrusted_scale_factor: CGFloat,
+        ) {
+            unsafe {
+                let superclass: &'static Class = msg_send![object, superclass];
+                let () = msg_send![
+                    super(object, superclass),
+                    setContentScaleFactor: untrusted_scale_factor
+                ];
+
+                let window: id = msg_send![object, window];
+                // `window` is null when `setContentScaleFactor` is invoked prior to `[UIWindow
+                // makeKeyAndVisible]` at window creation time (either manually or internally by
+                // UIKit when the `UIView` is first created), in which case we send no events here
+                if window.is_null() {
+                    return;
+                }
+                // `setContentScaleFactor` may be called with a value of 0, which means "reset the
+                // content scale factor to a device-specific default value", so we can't use the
+                // parameter here. We can query the actual factor using the getter
+                let scale_factor: CGFloat = msg_send![object, contentScaleFactor];
+                assert!(
+                    !scale_factor.is_nan()
+                        && scale_factor.is_finite()
+                        && scale_factor.is_sign_positive()
+                        && scale_factor > 0.0,
+                    "invalid scale_factor set on UIView",
+                );
+                let scale_factor: f64 = scale_factor.into();
+                let bounds: CGRect = msg_send![object, bounds];
+                let screen: id = msg_send![window, screen];
+                let screen_space: id = msg_send![screen, coordinateSpace];
+                let screen_frame: CGRect =
+                    msg_send![object, convertRect:bounds toCoordinateSpace:screen_space];
+                let size = crate::dpi::LogicalSize {
+                    width: screen_frame.size.width as _,
+                    height: screen_frame.size.height as _,
+                };
+                app_state::handle_nonuser_events(
+                    std::iter::once(EventWrapper::EventProxy(EventProxy::DpiChangedProxy {
+                        window_id: window,
+                        scale_factor,
+                        suggested_size: size,
+                    }))
+                    .chain(std::iter::once(EventWrapper::StaticEvent(
+                        Event::WindowEvent {
+                            window_id: RootWindowId(window.into()),
+                            event: WindowEvent::Resized(size.to_physical(scale_factor)),
+                        },
+                    ))),
+                );
+            }
+        }
+
+        extern "C" fn handle_touches(object: &Object, _: Sel, touches: id, _: id) {
+            unsafe {
+                let window: id = msg_send![object, window];
+                assert!(!window.is_null());
+                let uiscreen: id = msg_send![window, screen];
+                let touches_enum: id = msg_send![touches, objectEnumerator];
+                let mut touch_events = Vec::new();
+                let os_supports_force = app_state::os_capabilities().force_touch;
+                loop {
+                    let touch: id = msg_send![touches_enum, nextObject];
+                    if touch == nil {
+                        break;
+                    }
+                    let logical_location: CGPoint = msg_send![touch, locationInView: nil];
+                    let touch_type: UITouchType = msg_send![touch, type];
+                    let force = if os_supports_force {
+                        let trait_collection: id = msg_send![object, traitCollection];
+                        let touch_capability: UIForceTouchCapability =
+                            msg_send![trait_collection, forceTouchCapability];
+                        // Both the OS _and_ the device need to be checked for force touch support.
+                        if touch_capability == UIForceTouchCapability::Available {
+                            let force: CGFloat = msg_send![touch, force];
+                            let max_possible_force: CGFloat =
+                                msg_send![touch, maximumPossibleForce];
+                            let altitude_angle: Option<f64> = if touch_type == UITouchType::Pencil {
+                                let angle: CGFloat = msg_send![touch, altitudeAngle];
+                                Some(angle as _)
+                            } else {
+                                None
+                            };
+                            Some(Force::Calibrated {
+                                force: force as _,
+                                max_possible_force: max_possible_force as _,
+                                altitude_angle,
+                            })
+                        } else {
+                            None
+                        }
+                    } else {
+                        None
+                    };
+                    let touch_id = touch as u64;
+                    let phase: UITouchPhase = msg_send![touch, phase];
+                    let phase = match phase {
+                        UITouchPhase::Began => TouchPhase::Started,
+                        UITouchPhase::Moved => TouchPhase::Moved,
+                        // 2 is UITouchPhase::Stationary and is not expected here
+                        UITouchPhase::Ended => TouchPhase::Ended,
+                        UITouchPhase::Cancelled => TouchPhase::Cancelled,
+                        _ => panic!("unexpected touch phase: {:?}", phase as i32),
+                    };
+
+                    let physical_location = {
+                        let scale_factor: CGFloat = msg_send![object, contentScaleFactor];
+                        PhysicalPosition::from_logical::<(f64, f64), f64>(
+                            (logical_location.x as _, logical_location.y as _),
+                            scale_factor,
+                        )
+                    };
+                    touch_events.push(EventWrapper::StaticEvent(Event::WindowEvent {
+                        window_id: RootWindowId(window.into()),
+                        event: WindowEvent::Touch(Touch {
+                            device_id: RootDeviceId(DeviceId { uiscreen }),
+                            id: touch_id,
+                            location: physical_location,
+                            force,
+                            phase,
+                        }),
+                    }));
+                }
+                app_state::handle_nonuser_events(touch_events);
+            }
+        }
+
+        let mut decl = ClassDecl::new(&format!("WinitUIView{}", ID), root_view_class)
+            .expect("Failed to declare class `WinitUIView`");
+        ID += 1;
+        decl.add_method(
+            sel!(drawRect:),
+            draw_rect as extern "C" fn(&Object, Sel, CGRect),
+        );
+        decl.add_method(
+            sel!(layoutSubviews),
+            layout_subviews as extern "C" fn(&Object, Sel),
+        );
+        decl.add_method(
+            sel!(setContentScaleFactor:),
+            set_content_scale_factor as extern "C" fn(&mut Object, Sel, CGFloat),
+        );
+
+        decl.add_method(
+            sel!(touchesBegan:withEvent:),
+            handle_touches as extern "C" fn(this: &Object, _: Sel, _: id, _: id),
+        );
+        decl.add_method(
+            sel!(touchesMoved:withEvent:),
+            handle_touches as extern "C" fn(this: &Object, _: Sel, _: id, _: id),
+        );
+        decl.add_method(
+            sel!(touchesEnded:withEvent:),
+            handle_touches as extern "C" fn(this: &Object, _: Sel, _: id, _: id),
+        );
+        decl.add_method(
+            sel!(touchesCancelled:withEvent:),
+            handle_touches as extern "C" fn(this: &Object, _: Sel, _: id, _: id),
+        );
+
+        decl.register()
+    })
+}
+
+// requires main thread
+unsafe fn get_view_controller_class() -> &'static Class {
+    static mut CLASS: Option<&'static Class> = None;
+    if CLASS.is_none() {
+        let os_capabilities = app_state::os_capabilities();
+
+        let uiviewcontroller_class = class!(UIViewController);
+
+        extern "C" fn should_autorotate(_: &Object, _: Sel) -> BOOL {
+            YES
+        }
+
+        let mut decl = ClassDecl::new("WinitUIViewController", uiviewcontroller_class)
+            .expect("Failed to declare class `WinitUIViewController`");
+        decl.add_method(
+            sel!(shouldAutorotate),
+            should_autorotate as extern "C" fn(&Object, Sel) -> BOOL,
+        );
+        add_property! {
+            decl,
+            prefers_status_bar_hidden: BOOL,
+            setPrefersStatusBarHidden: |object| {
+                unsafe {
+                    let () = msg_send![object, setNeedsStatusBarAppearanceUpdate];
+                }
+            },
+            prefersStatusBarHidden,
+        }
+        add_property! {
+            decl,
+            prefers_home_indicator_auto_hidden: BOOL,
+            setPrefersHomeIndicatorAutoHidden:
+                os_capabilities.home_indicator_hidden,
+                OSCapabilities::home_indicator_hidden_err_msg;
+                |object| {
+                    unsafe {
+                        let () = msg_send![object, setNeedsUpdateOfHomeIndicatorAutoHidden];
+                    }
+                },
+            prefersHomeIndicatorAutoHidden,
+        }
+        add_property! {
+            decl,
+            supported_orientations: UIInterfaceOrientationMask,
+            setSupportedInterfaceOrientations: |object| {
+                unsafe {
+                    let () = msg_send![class!(UIViewController), attemptRotationToDeviceOrientation];
+                }
+            },
+            supportedInterfaceOrientations,
+        }
+        add_property! {
+            decl,
+            preferred_screen_edges_deferring_system_gestures: UIRectEdge,
+            setPreferredScreenEdgesDeferringSystemGestures:
+                os_capabilities.defer_system_gestures,
+                OSCapabilities::defer_system_gestures_err_msg;
+                |object| {
+                    unsafe {
+                        let () = msg_send![object, setNeedsUpdateOfScreenEdgesDeferringSystemGestures];
+                    }
+                },
+            preferredScreenEdgesDeferringSystemGestures,
+        }
+        CLASS = Some(decl.register());
+    }
+    CLASS.unwrap()
+}
+
+// requires main thread
+unsafe fn get_window_class() -> &'static Class {
+    static mut CLASS: Option<&'static Class> = None;
+    if CLASS.is_none() {
+        let uiwindow_class = class!(UIWindow);
+
+        extern "C" fn become_key_window(object: &Object, _: Sel) {
+            unsafe {
+                app_state::handle_nonuser_event(EventWrapper::StaticEvent(Event::WindowEvent {
+                    window_id: RootWindowId(object.into()),
+                    event: WindowEvent::Focused(true),
+                }));
+                let () = msg_send![super(object, class!(UIWindow)), becomeKeyWindow];
+            }
+        }
+
+        extern "C" fn resign_key_window(object: &Object, _: Sel) {
+            unsafe {
+                app_state::handle_nonuser_event(EventWrapper::StaticEvent(Event::WindowEvent {
+                    window_id: RootWindowId(object.into()),
+                    event: WindowEvent::Focused(false),
+                }));
+                let () = msg_send![super(object, class!(UIWindow)), resignKeyWindow];
+            }
+        }
+
+        let mut decl = ClassDecl::new("WinitUIWindow", uiwindow_class)
+            .expect("Failed to declare class `WinitUIWindow`");
+        decl.add_method(
+            sel!(becomeKeyWindow),
+            become_key_window as extern "C" fn(&Object, Sel),
+        );
+        decl.add_method(
+            sel!(resignKeyWindow),
+            resign_key_window as extern "C" fn(&Object, Sel),
+        );
+
+        CLASS = Some(decl.register());
+    }
+    CLASS.unwrap()
+}
+
+// requires main thread
+pub unsafe fn create_view(
+    _window_attributes: &WindowAttributes,
+    platform_attributes: &PlatformSpecificWindowBuilderAttributes,
+    frame: CGRect,
+) -> id {
+    let class = get_view_class(platform_attributes.root_view_class);
+
+    let view: id = msg_send![class, alloc];
+    assert!(!view.is_null(), "Failed to create `UIView` instance");
+    let view: id = msg_send![view, initWithFrame: frame];
+    assert!(!view.is_null(), "Failed to initialize `UIView` instance");
+    let () = msg_send![view, setMultipleTouchEnabled: YES];
+    if let Some(scale_factor) = platform_attributes.scale_factor {
+        let () = msg_send![view, setContentScaleFactor: scale_factor as CGFloat];
+    }
+
+    view
+}
+
+// requires main thread
+pub unsafe fn create_view_controller(
+    _window_attributes: &WindowAttributes,
+    platform_attributes: &PlatformSpecificWindowBuilderAttributes,
+    view: id,
+) -> id {
+    let class = get_view_controller_class();
+
+    let view_controller: id = msg_send![class, alloc];
+    assert!(
+        !view_controller.is_null(),
+        "Failed to create `UIViewController` instance"
+    );
+    let view_controller: id = msg_send![view_controller, init];
+    assert!(
+        !view_controller.is_null(),
+        "Failed to initialize `UIViewController` instance"
+    );
+    let status_bar_hidden = if platform_attributes.prefers_status_bar_hidden {
+        YES
+    } else {
+        NO
+    };
+    let idiom = event_loop::get_idiom();
+    let supported_orientations = UIInterfaceOrientationMask::from_valid_orientations_idiom(
+        platform_attributes.valid_orientations,
+        idiom,
+    );
+    let prefers_home_indicator_hidden = if platform_attributes.prefers_home_indicator_hidden {
+        YES
+    } else {
+        NO
+    };
+    let edges: UIRectEdge = platform_attributes
+        .preferred_screen_edges_deferring_system_gestures
+        .into();
+    let () = msg_send![
+        view_controller,
+        setPrefersStatusBarHidden: status_bar_hidden
+    ];
+    let () = msg_send![
+        view_controller,
+        setSupportedInterfaceOrientations: supported_orientations
+    ];
+    let () = msg_send![
+        view_controller,
+        setPrefersHomeIndicatorAutoHidden: prefers_home_indicator_hidden
+    ];
+    let () = msg_send![
+        view_controller,
+        setPreferredScreenEdgesDeferringSystemGestures: edges
+    ];
+    let () = msg_send![view_controller, setView: view];
+    view_controller
+}
+
+// requires main thread
+pub unsafe fn create_window(
+    window_attributes: &WindowAttributes,
+    _platform_attributes: &PlatformSpecificWindowBuilderAttributes,
+    frame: CGRect,
+    view_controller: id,
+) -> id {
+    let class = get_window_class();
+
+    let window: id = msg_send![class, alloc];
+    assert!(!window.is_null(), "Failed to create `UIWindow` instance");
+    let window: id = msg_send![window, initWithFrame: frame];
+    assert!(
+        !window.is_null(),
+        "Failed to initialize `UIWindow` instance"
+    );
+    let () = msg_send![window, setRootViewController: view_controller];
+    match window_attributes.fullscreen {
+        Some(Fullscreen::Exclusive(ref video_mode)) => {
+            let uiscreen = video_mode.monitor().ui_screen() as id;
+            let () = msg_send![uiscreen, setCurrentMode: video_mode.video_mode.screen_mode.0];
+            msg_send![window, setScreen:video_mode.monitor().ui_screen()]
+        }
+        Some(Fullscreen::Borderless(ref monitor)) => {
+            let uiscreen: id = match &monitor {
+                Some(monitor) => monitor.ui_screen() as id,
+                None => {
+                    let uiscreen: id = msg_send![window, screen];
+                    uiscreen
+                }
+            };
+
+            msg_send![window, setScreen: uiscreen]
+        }
+        None => (),
+    }
+
+    window
+}
+
+pub fn create_delegate_class() {
+    extern "C" fn did_finish_launching(_: &mut Object, _: Sel, _: id, _: id) -> BOOL {
+        unsafe {
+            app_state::did_finish_launching();
+        }
+        YES
+    }
+
+    extern "C" fn did_become_active(_: &Object, _: Sel, _: id) {
+        unsafe { app_state::handle_nonuser_event(EventWrapper::StaticEvent(Event::Resumed)) }
+    }
+
+    extern "C" fn will_resign_active(_: &Object, _: Sel, _: id) {
+        unsafe { app_state::handle_nonuser_event(EventWrapper::StaticEvent(Event::Suspended)) }
+    }
+
+    extern "C" fn will_enter_foreground(_: &Object, _: Sel, _: id) {}
+    extern "C" fn did_enter_background(_: &Object, _: Sel, _: id) {}
+
+    extern "C" fn will_terminate(_: &Object, _: Sel, _: id) {
+        unsafe {
+            let app: id = msg_send![class!(UIApplication), sharedApplication];
+            let windows: id = msg_send![app, windows];
+            let windows_enum: id = msg_send![windows, objectEnumerator];
+            let mut events = Vec::new();
+            loop {
+                let window: id = msg_send![windows_enum, nextObject];
+                if window == nil {
+                    break;
+                }
+                let is_winit_window: BOOL = msg_send![window, isKindOfClass: class!(WinitUIWindow)];
+                if is_winit_window == YES {
+                    events.push(EventWrapper::StaticEvent(Event::WindowEvent {
+                        window_id: RootWindowId(window.into()),
+                        event: WindowEvent::Destroyed,
+                    }));
+                }
+            }
+            app_state::handle_nonuser_events(events);
+            app_state::terminated();
+        }
+    }
+
+    let ui_responder = class!(UIResponder);
+    let mut decl =
+        ClassDecl::new("AppDelegate", ui_responder).expect("Failed to declare class `AppDelegate`");
+
+    unsafe {
+        decl.add_method(
+            sel!(application:didFinishLaunchingWithOptions:),
+            did_finish_launching as extern "C" fn(&mut Object, Sel, id, id) -> BOOL,
+        );
+
+        decl.add_method(
+            sel!(applicationDidBecomeActive:),
+            did_become_active as extern "C" fn(&Object, Sel, id),
+        );
+        decl.add_method(
+            sel!(applicationWillResignActive:),
+            will_resign_active as extern "C" fn(&Object, Sel, id),
+        );
+        decl.add_method(
+            sel!(applicationWillEnterForeground:),
+            will_enter_foreground as extern "C" fn(&Object, Sel, id),
+        );
+        decl.add_method(
+            sel!(applicationDidEnterBackground:),
+            did_enter_background as extern "C" fn(&Object, Sel, id),
+        );
+
+        decl.add_method(
+            sel!(applicationWillTerminate:),
+            will_terminate as extern "C" fn(&Object, Sel, id),
+        );
+
+        decl.register();
+    }
+}

src/platform_impl/ios/window.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,663 @@
+use raw_window_handle::{ios::IOSHandle, RawWindowHandle};
+use std::{
+    collections::VecDeque,
+    ops::{Deref, DerefMut},
+};
+
+use objc::runtime::{Class, Object, BOOL, NO, YES};
+
+use crate::{
+    dpi::{self, LogicalPosition, LogicalSize, PhysicalPosition, PhysicalSize, Position, Size},
+    error::{ExternalError, NotSupportedError, OsError as RootOsError},
+    event::{Event, WindowEvent},
+    icon::Icon,
+    monitor::MonitorHandle as RootMonitorHandle,
+    platform::ios::{MonitorHandleExtIOS, ScreenEdge, ValidOrientations},
+    platform_impl::platform::{
+        app_state,
+        event_loop::{self, EventProxy, EventWrapper},
+        ffi::{
+            id, CGFloat, CGPoint, CGRect, CGSize, UIEdgeInsets, UIInterfaceOrientationMask,
+            UIRectEdge, UIScreenOverscanCompensation,
+        },
+        monitor, view, EventLoopWindowTarget, MonitorHandle,
+    },
+    window::{
+        CursorIcon, Fullscreen, UserAttentionType, WindowAttributes, WindowId as RootWindowId,
+    },
+};
+
+pub struct Inner {
+    pub window: id,
+    pub view_controller: id,
+    pub view: id,
+    gl_or_metal_backed: bool,
+}
+
+impl Drop for Inner {
+    fn drop(&mut self) {
+        unsafe {
+            let () = msg_send![self.view, release];
+            let () = msg_send![self.view_controller, release];
+            let () = msg_send![self.window, release];
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl Inner {
+    pub fn set_title(&self, _title: &str) {
+        debug!("`Window::set_title` is ignored on iOS")
+    }
+
+    pub fn set_visible(&self, visible: bool) {
+        match visible {
+            true => unsafe {
+                let () = msg_send![self.window, setHidden: NO];
+            },
+            false => unsafe {
+                let () = msg_send![self.window, setHidden: YES];
+            },
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn request_redraw(&self) {
+        unsafe {
+            if self.gl_or_metal_backed {
+                // `setNeedsDisplay` does nothing on UIViews which are directly backed by CAEAGLLayer or CAMetalLayer.
+                // Ordinarily the OS sets up a bunch of UIKit state before calling drawRect: on a UIView, but when using
+                // raw or gl/metal for drawing this work is completely avoided.
+                //
+                // The docs for `setNeedsDisplay` don't mention `CAMetalLayer`; however, this has been confirmed via
+                // testing.
+                //
+                // https://developer.apple.com/documentation/uikit/uiview/1622437-setneedsdisplay?language=objc
+                app_state::queue_gl_or_metal_redraw(self.window);
+            } else {
+                let () = msg_send![self.view, setNeedsDisplay];
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn inner_position(&self) -> Result<PhysicalPosition<i32>, NotSupportedError> {
+        unsafe {
+            let safe_area = self.safe_area_screen_space();
+            let position = LogicalPosition {
+                x: safe_area.origin.x as f64,
+                y: safe_area.origin.y as f64,
+            };
+            let scale_factor = self.scale_factor();
+            Ok(position.to_physical(scale_factor))
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn outer_position(&self) -> Result<PhysicalPosition<i32>, NotSupportedError> {
+        unsafe {
+            let screen_frame = self.screen_frame();
+            let position = LogicalPosition {
+                x: screen_frame.origin.x as f64,
+                y: screen_frame.origin.y as f64,
+            };
+            let scale_factor = self.scale_factor();
+            Ok(position.to_physical(scale_factor))
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn set_outer_position(&self, physical_position: Position) {
+        unsafe {
+            let scale_factor = self.scale_factor();
+            let position = physical_position.to_logical::<f64>(scale_factor);
+            let screen_frame = self.screen_frame();
+            let new_screen_frame = CGRect {
+                origin: CGPoint {
+                    x: position.x as _,
+                    y: position.y as _,
+                },
+                size: screen_frame.size,
+            };
+            let bounds = self.from_screen_space(new_screen_frame);
+            let () = msg_send![self.window, setBounds: bounds];
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn inner_size(&self) -> PhysicalSize<u32> {
+        unsafe {
+            let scale_factor = self.scale_factor();
+            let safe_area = self.safe_area_screen_space();
+            let size = LogicalSize {
+                width: safe_area.size.width as f64,
+                height: safe_area.size.height as f64,
+            };
+            size.to_physical(scale_factor)
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn outer_size(&self) -> PhysicalSize<u32> {
+        unsafe {
+            let scale_factor = self.scale_factor();
+            let screen_frame = self.screen_frame();
+            let size = LogicalSize {
+                width: screen_frame.size.width as f64,
+                height: screen_frame.size.height as f64,
+            };
+            size.to_physical(scale_factor)
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn set_inner_size(&self, _size: Size) {
+        warn!("not clear what `Window::set_inner_size` means on iOS");
+    }
+
+    pub fn set_min_inner_size(&self, _dimensions: Option<Size>) {
+        warn!("`Window::set_min_inner_size` is ignored on iOS")
+    }
+
+    pub fn set_max_inner_size(&self, _dimensions: Option<Size>) {
+        warn!("`Window::set_max_inner_size` is ignored on iOS")
+    }
+
+    pub fn set_resizable(&self, _resizable: bool) {
+        warn!("`Window::set_resizable` is ignored on iOS")
+    }
+
+    pub fn scale_factor(&self) -> f64 {
+        unsafe {
+            let hidpi: CGFloat = msg_send![self.view, contentScaleFactor];
+            hidpi as _
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn set_cursor_icon(&self, _cursor: CursorIcon) {
+        debug!("`Window::set_cursor_icon` ignored on iOS")
+    }
+
+    pub fn set_cursor_position(&self, _position: Position) -> Result<(), ExternalError> {
+        Err(ExternalError::NotSupported(NotSupportedError::new()))
+    }
+
+    pub fn set_cursor_grab(&self, _grab: bool) -> Result<(), ExternalError> {
+        Err(ExternalError::NotSupported(NotSupportedError::new()))
+    }
+
+    pub fn set_cursor_visible(&self, _visible: bool) {
+        debug!("`Window::set_cursor_visible` is ignored on iOS")
+    }
+
+    pub fn drag_window(&self) -> Result<(), ExternalError> {
+        Err(ExternalError::NotSupported(NotSupportedError::new()))
+    }
+
+    pub fn set_minimized(&self, _minimized: bool) {
+        warn!("`Window::set_minimized` is ignored on iOS")
+    }
+
+    pub fn set_maximized(&self, _maximized: bool) {
+        warn!("`Window::set_maximized` is ignored on iOS")
+    }
+
+    pub fn is_maximized(&self) -> bool {
+        warn!("`Window::is_maximized` is ignored on iOS");
+        false
+    }
+
+    pub fn set_fullscreen(&self, monitor: Option<Fullscreen>) {
+        unsafe {
+            let uiscreen = match monitor {
+                Some(Fullscreen::Exclusive(video_mode)) => {
+                    let uiscreen = video_mode.video_mode.monitor.ui_screen() as id;
+                    let () = msg_send![uiscreen, setCurrentMode: video_mode.video_mode.screen_mode];
+                    uiscreen
+                }
+                Some(Fullscreen::Borderless(monitor)) => monitor
+                    .unwrap_or_else(|| self.current_monitor_inner())
+                    .ui_screen() as id,
+                None => {
+                    warn!("`Window::set_fullscreen(None)` ignored on iOS");
+                    return;
+                }
+            };
+
+            // this is pretty slow on iOS, so avoid doing it if we can
+            let current: id = msg_send![self.window, screen];
+            if uiscreen != current {
+                let () = msg_send![self.window, setScreen: uiscreen];
+            }
+
+            let bounds: CGRect = msg_send![uiscreen, bounds];
+            let () = msg_send![self.window, setFrame: bounds];
+
+            // For external displays, we must disable overscan compensation or
+            // the displayed image will have giant black bars surrounding it on
+            // each side
+            let () = msg_send![
+                uiscreen,
+                setOverscanCompensation: UIScreenOverscanCompensation::None
+            ];
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn fullscreen(&self) -> Option<Fullscreen> {
+        unsafe {
+            let monitor = self.current_monitor_inner();
+            let uiscreen = monitor.inner.ui_screen();
+            let screen_space_bounds = self.screen_frame();
+            let screen_bounds: CGRect = msg_send![uiscreen, bounds];
+
+            // TODO: track fullscreen instead of relying on brittle float comparisons
+            if screen_space_bounds.origin.x == screen_bounds.origin.x
+                && screen_space_bounds.origin.y == screen_bounds.origin.y
+                && screen_space_bounds.size.width == screen_bounds.size.width
+                && screen_space_bounds.size.height == screen_bounds.size.height
+            {
+                Some(Fullscreen::Borderless(Some(monitor)))
+            } else {
+                None
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn set_decorations(&self, _decorations: bool) {
+        warn!("`Window::set_decorations` is ignored on iOS")
+    }
+
+    pub fn set_always_on_top(&self, _always_on_top: bool) {
+        warn!("`Window::set_always_on_top` is ignored on iOS")
+    }
+
+    pub fn set_window_icon(&self, _icon: Option<Icon>) {
+        warn!("`Window::set_window_icon` is ignored on iOS")
+    }
+
+    pub fn set_ime_position(&self, _position: Position) {
+        warn!("`Window::set_ime_position` is ignored on iOS")
+    }
+
+    pub fn request_user_attention(&self, _request_type: Option<UserAttentionType>) {
+        warn!("`Window::request_user_attention` is ignored on iOS")
+    }
+
+    // Allow directly accessing the current monitor internally without unwrapping.
+    fn current_monitor_inner(&self) -> RootMonitorHandle {
+        unsafe {
+            let uiscreen: id = msg_send![self.window, screen];
+            RootMonitorHandle {
+                inner: MonitorHandle::retained_new(uiscreen),
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn current_monitor(&self) -> Option<RootMonitorHandle> {
+        Some(self.current_monitor_inner())
+    }
+
+    pub fn available_monitors(&self) -> VecDeque<MonitorHandle> {
+        unsafe { monitor::uiscreens() }
+    }
+
+    pub fn primary_monitor(&self) -> Option<RootMonitorHandle> {
+        let monitor = unsafe { monitor::main_uiscreen() };
+        Some(RootMonitorHandle { inner: monitor })
+    }
+
+    pub fn id(&self) -> WindowId {
+        self.window.into()
+    }
+
+    pub fn raw_window_handle(&self) -> RawWindowHandle {
+        let handle = IOSHandle {
+            ui_window: self.window as _,
+            ui_view: self.view as _,
+            ui_view_controller: self.view_controller as _,
+            ..IOSHandle::empty()
+        };
+        RawWindowHandle::IOS(handle)
+    }
+}
+
+pub struct Window {
+    pub inner: Inner,
+}
+
+impl Drop for Window {
+    fn drop(&mut self) {
+        unsafe {
+            assert_main_thread!("`Window::drop` can only be run on the main thread on iOS");
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+unsafe impl Send for Window {}
+unsafe impl Sync for Window {}
+
+impl Deref for Window {
+    type Target = Inner;
+
+    fn deref(&self) -> &Inner {
+        unsafe {
+            assert_main_thread!("`Window` methods can only be run on the main thread on iOS");
+        }
+        &self.inner
+    }
+}
+
+impl DerefMut for Window {
+    fn deref_mut(&mut self) -> &mut Inner {
+        unsafe {
+            assert_main_thread!("`Window` methods can only be run on the main thread on iOS");
+        }
+        &mut self.inner
+    }
+}
+
+impl Window {
+    pub fn new<T>(
+        _event_loop: &EventLoopWindowTarget<T>,
+        window_attributes: WindowAttributes,
+        platform_attributes: PlatformSpecificWindowBuilderAttributes,
+    ) -> Result<Window, RootOsError> {
+        if let Some(_) = window_attributes.min_inner_size {
+            warn!("`WindowAttributes::min_inner_size` is ignored on iOS");
+        }
+        if let Some(_) = window_attributes.max_inner_size {
+            warn!("`WindowAttributes::max_inner_size` is ignored on iOS");
+        }
+        if window_attributes.always_on_top {
+            warn!("`WindowAttributes::always_on_top` is unsupported on iOS");
+        }
+        // TODO: transparency, visible
+
+        unsafe {
+            let screen = match window_attributes.fullscreen {
+                Some(Fullscreen::Exclusive(ref video_mode)) => {
+                    video_mode.video_mode.monitor.ui_screen() as id
+                }
+                Some(Fullscreen::Borderless(Some(ref monitor))) => monitor.inner.ui_screen(),
+                Some(Fullscreen::Borderless(None)) | None => {
+                    monitor::main_uiscreen().ui_screen() as id
+                }
+            };
+
+            let screen_bounds: CGRect = msg_send![screen, bounds];
+
+            let frame = match window_attributes.inner_size {
+                Some(dim) => {
+                    let scale_factor = msg_send![screen, scale];
+                    let size = dim.to_logical::<f64>(scale_factor);
+                    CGRect {
+                        origin: screen_bounds.origin,
+                        size: CGSize {
+                            width: size.width as _,
+                            height: size.height as _,
+                        },
+                    }
+                }
+                None => screen_bounds,
+            };
+
+            let view = view::create_view(&window_attributes, &platform_attributes, frame.clone());
+
+            let gl_or_metal_backed = {
+                let view_class: id = msg_send![view, class];
+                let layer_class: id = msg_send![view_class, layerClass];
+                let is_metal: BOOL =
+                    msg_send![layer_class, isSubclassOfClass: class!(CAMetalLayer)];
+                let is_gl: BOOL = msg_send![layer_class, isSubclassOfClass: class!(CAEAGLLayer)];
+                is_metal == YES || is_gl == YES
+            };
+
+            let view_controller =
+                view::create_view_controller(&window_attributes, &platform_attributes, view);
+            let window = view::create_window(
+                &window_attributes,
+                &platform_attributes,
+                frame,
+                view_controller,
+            );
+
+            let result = Window {
+                inner: Inner {
+                    window,
+                    view_controller,
+                    view,
+                    gl_or_metal_backed,
+                },
+            };
+            app_state::set_key_window(window);
+
+            // Like the Windows and macOS backends, we send a `ScaleFactorChanged` and `Resized`
+            // event on window creation if the DPI factor != 1.0
+            let scale_factor: CGFloat = msg_send![view, contentScaleFactor];
+            let scale_factor: f64 = scale_factor.into();
+            if scale_factor != 1.0 {
+                let bounds: CGRect = msg_send![view, bounds];
+                let screen: id = msg_send![window, screen];
+                let screen_space: id = msg_send![screen, coordinateSpace];
+                let screen_frame: CGRect =
+                    msg_send![view, convertRect:bounds toCoordinateSpace:screen_space];
+                let size = crate::dpi::LogicalSize {
+                    width: screen_frame.size.width as _,
+                    height: screen_frame.size.height as _,
+                };
+                app_state::handle_nonuser_events(
+                    std::iter::once(EventWrapper::EventProxy(EventProxy::DpiChangedProxy {
+                        window_id: window,
+                        scale_factor,
+                        suggested_size: size,
+                    }))
+                    .chain(std::iter::once(EventWrapper::StaticEvent(
+                        Event::WindowEvent {
+                            window_id: RootWindowId(window.into()),
+                            event: WindowEvent::Resized(size.to_physical(scale_factor)),
+                        },
+                    ))),
+                );
+            }
+
+            Ok(result)
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+// WindowExtIOS
+impl Inner {
+    pub fn ui_window(&self) -> id {
+        self.window
+    }
+    pub fn ui_view_controller(&self) -> id {
+        self.view_controller
+    }
+    pub fn ui_view(&self) -> id {
+        self.view
+    }
+
+    pub fn set_scale_factor(&self, scale_factor: f64) {
+        unsafe {
+            assert!(
+                dpi::validate_scale_factor(scale_factor),
+                "`WindowExtIOS::set_scale_factor` received an invalid hidpi factor"
+            );
+            let scale_factor = scale_factor as CGFloat;
+            let () = msg_send![self.view, setContentScaleFactor: scale_factor];
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn set_valid_orientations(&self, valid_orientations: ValidOrientations) {
+        unsafe {
+            let idiom = event_loop::get_idiom();
+            let supported_orientations = UIInterfaceOrientationMask::from_valid_orientations_idiom(
+                valid_orientations,
+                idiom,
+            );
+            msg_send![
+                self.view_controller,
+                setSupportedInterfaceOrientations: supported_orientations
+            ]
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn set_prefers_home_indicator_hidden(&self, hidden: bool) {
+        unsafe {
+            let prefers_home_indicator_hidden = if hidden { YES } else { NO };
+            let () = msg_send![
+                self.view_controller,
+                setPrefersHomeIndicatorAutoHidden: prefers_home_indicator_hidden
+            ];
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn set_preferred_screen_edges_deferring_system_gestures(&self, edges: ScreenEdge) {
+        let edges: UIRectEdge = edges.into();
+        unsafe {
+            let () = msg_send![
+                self.view_controller,
+                setPreferredScreenEdgesDeferringSystemGestures: edges
+            ];
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn set_prefers_status_bar_hidden(&self, hidden: bool) {
+        unsafe {
+            let status_bar_hidden = if hidden { YES } else { NO };
+            let () = msg_send![
+                self.view_controller,
+                setPrefersStatusBarHidden: status_bar_hidden
+            ];
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl Inner {
+    // requires main thread
+    unsafe fn screen_frame(&self) -> CGRect {
+        self.to_screen_space(msg_send![self.window, bounds])
+    }
+
+    // requires main thread
+    unsafe fn to_screen_space(&self, rect: CGRect) -> CGRect {
+        let screen: id = msg_send![self.window, screen];
+        if !screen.is_null() {
+            let screen_space: id = msg_send![screen, coordinateSpace];
+            msg_send![self.window, convertRect:rect toCoordinateSpace:screen_space]
+        } else {
+            rect
+        }
+    }
+
+    // requires main thread
+    unsafe fn from_screen_space(&self, rect: CGRect) -> CGRect {
+        let screen: id = msg_send![self.window, screen];
+        if !screen.is_null() {
+            let screen_space: id = msg_send![screen, coordinateSpace];
+            msg_send![self.window, convertRect:rect fromCoordinateSpace:screen_space]
+        } else {
+            rect
+        }
+    }
+
+    // requires main thread
+    unsafe fn safe_area_screen_space(&self) -> CGRect {
+        let bounds: CGRect = msg_send![self.window, bounds];
+        if app_state::os_capabilities().safe_area {
+            let safe_area: UIEdgeInsets = msg_send![self.window, safeAreaInsets];
+            let safe_bounds = CGRect {
+                origin: CGPoint {
+                    x: bounds.origin.x + safe_area.left,
+                    y: bounds.origin.y + safe_area.top,
+                },
+                size: CGSize {
+                    width: bounds.size.width - safe_area.left - safe_area.right,
+                    height: bounds.size.height - safe_area.top - safe_area.bottom,
+                },
+            };
+            self.to_screen_space(safe_bounds)
+        } else {
+            let screen_frame = self.to_screen_space(bounds);
+            let status_bar_frame: CGRect = {
+                let app: id = msg_send![class!(UIApplication), sharedApplication];
+                assert!(
+                    !app.is_null(),
+                    "`Window::get_inner_position` cannot be called before `EventLoop::run` on iOS"
+                );
+                msg_send![app, statusBarFrame]
+            };
+            let (y, height) = if screen_frame.origin.y > status_bar_frame.size.height {
+                (screen_frame.origin.y, screen_frame.size.height)
+            } else {
+                let y = status_bar_frame.size.height;
+                let height = screen_frame.size.height
+                    - (status_bar_frame.size.height - screen_frame.origin.y);
+                (y, height)
+            };
+            CGRect {
+                origin: CGPoint {
+                    x: screen_frame.origin.x,
+                    y,
+                },
+                size: CGSize {
+                    width: screen_frame.size.width,
+                    height,
+                },
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord, Hash)]
+pub struct WindowId {
+    window: id,
+}
+
+impl WindowId {
+    pub unsafe fn dummy() -> Self {
+        WindowId {
+            window: std::ptr::null_mut(),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+unsafe impl Send for WindowId {}
+unsafe impl Sync for WindowId {}
+
+impl From<&Object> for WindowId {
+    fn from(window: &Object) -> WindowId {
+        WindowId {
+            window: window as *const _ as _,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<&mut Object> for WindowId {
+    fn from(window: &mut Object) -> WindowId {
+        WindowId {
+            window: window as _,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<id> for WindowId {
+    fn from(window: id) -> WindowId {
+        WindowId { window }
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Clone)]
+pub struct PlatformSpecificWindowBuilderAttributes {
+    pub root_view_class: &'static Class,
+    pub scale_factor: Option<f64>,
+    pub valid_orientations: ValidOrientations,
+    pub prefers_home_indicator_hidden: bool,
+    pub prefers_status_bar_hidden: bool,
+    pub preferred_screen_edges_deferring_system_gestures: ScreenEdge,
+}
+
+impl Default for PlatformSpecificWindowBuilderAttributes {
+    fn default() -> PlatformSpecificWindowBuilderAttributes {
+        PlatformSpecificWindowBuilderAttributes {
+            root_view_class: class!(UIView),
+            scale_factor: None,
+            valid_orientations: Default::default(),
+            prefers_home_indicator_hidden: false,
+            prefers_status_bar_hidden: false,
+            preferred_screen_edges_deferring_system_gestures: Default::default(),
+        }
+    }
+}

src/platform_impl/linux/mod.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,777 @@
+#![cfg(any(
+    target_os = "linux",
+    target_os = "dragonfly",
+    target_os = "freebsd",
+    target_os = "netbsd",
+    target_os = "openbsd"
+))]
+
+#[cfg(all(not(feature = "x11"), not(feature = "wayland")))]
+compile_error!("Please select a feature to build for unix: `x11`, `wayland`");
+
+#[cfg(feature = "wayland")]
+use std::error::Error;
+use std::{collections::VecDeque, env, fmt};
+#[cfg(feature = "x11")]
+use std::{ffi::CStr, mem::MaybeUninit, os::raw::*, sync::Arc};
+
+#[cfg(feature = "x11")]
+use parking_lot::Mutex;
+use raw_window_handle::RawWindowHandle;
+
+#[cfg(feature = "x11")]
+pub use self::x11::XNotSupported;
+#[cfg(feature = "x11")]
+use self::x11::{ffi::XVisualInfo, util::WindowType as XWindowType, XConnection, XError};
+use crate::{
+    dpi::{PhysicalPosition, PhysicalSize, Position, Size},
+    error::{ExternalError, NotSupportedError, OsError as RootOsError},
+    event::Event,
+    event_loop::{ControlFlow, EventLoopClosed, EventLoopWindowTarget as RootELW},
+    icon::Icon,
+    monitor::{MonitorHandle as RootMonitorHandle, VideoMode as RootVideoMode},
+    window::{CursorIcon, Fullscreen, UserAttentionType, WindowAttributes},
+};
+
+pub(crate) use crate::icon::RgbaIcon as PlatformIcon;
+
+#[cfg(feature = "wayland")]
+pub mod wayland;
+#[cfg(feature = "x11")]
+pub mod x11;
+
+/// Environment variable specifying which backend should be used on unix platform.
+///
+/// Legal values are x11 and wayland. If this variable is set only the named backend
+/// will be tried by winit. If it is not set, winit will try to connect to a wayland connection,
+/// and if it fails will fallback on x11.
+///
+/// If this variable is set with any other value, winit will panic.
+const BACKEND_PREFERENCE_ENV_VAR: &str = "WINIT_UNIX_BACKEND";
+
+#[derive(Clone)]
+pub struct PlatformSpecificWindowBuilderAttributes {
+    #[cfg(feature = "x11")]
+    pub visual_infos: Option<XVisualInfo>,
+    #[cfg(feature = "x11")]
+    pub screen_id: Option<i32>,
+    #[cfg(feature = "x11")]
+    pub resize_increments: Option<Size>,
+    #[cfg(feature = "x11")]
+    pub base_size: Option<Size>,
+    #[cfg(feature = "x11")]
+    pub class: Option<(String, String)>,
+    #[cfg(feature = "x11")]
+    pub override_redirect: bool,
+    #[cfg(feature = "x11")]
+    pub x11_window_types: Vec<XWindowType>,
+    #[cfg(feature = "x11")]
+    pub gtk_theme_variant: Option<String>,
+    #[cfg(feature = "wayland")]
+    pub app_id: Option<String>,
+}
+
+impl Default for PlatformSpecificWindowBuilderAttributes {
+    fn default() -> Self {
+        Self {
+            #[cfg(feature = "x11")]
+            visual_infos: None,
+            #[cfg(feature = "x11")]
+            screen_id: None,
+            #[cfg(feature = "x11")]
+            resize_increments: None,
+            #[cfg(feature = "x11")]
+            base_size: None,
+            #[cfg(feature = "x11")]
+            class: None,
+            #[cfg(feature = "x11")]
+            override_redirect: false,
+            #[cfg(feature = "x11")]
+            x11_window_types: vec![XWindowType::Normal],
+            #[cfg(feature = "x11")]
+            gtk_theme_variant: None,
+            #[cfg(feature = "wayland")]
+            app_id: None,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(feature = "x11")]
+lazy_static! {
+    pub static ref X11_BACKEND: Mutex<Result<Arc<XConnection>, XNotSupported>> =
+        Mutex::new(XConnection::new(Some(x_error_callback)).map(Arc::new));
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+pub enum OsError {
+    #[cfg(feature = "x11")]
+    XError(XError),
+    #[cfg(feature = "x11")]
+    XMisc(&'static str),
+    #[cfg(feature = "wayland")]
+    WaylandMisc(&'static str),
+}
+
+impl fmt::Display for OsError {
+    fn fmt(&self, _f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> Result<(), fmt::Error> {
+        match *self {
+            #[cfg(feature = "x11")]
+            OsError::XError(ref e) => _f.pad(&e.description),
+            #[cfg(feature = "x11")]
+            OsError::XMisc(ref e) => _f.pad(e),
+            #[cfg(feature = "wayland")]
+            OsError::WaylandMisc(ref e) => _f.pad(e),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+pub enum Window {
+    #[cfg(feature = "x11")]
+    X(x11::Window),
+    #[cfg(feature = "wayland")]
+    Wayland(wayland::Window),
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord, Hash)]
+pub enum WindowId {
+    #[cfg(feature = "x11")]
+    X(x11::WindowId),
+    #[cfg(feature = "wayland")]
+    Wayland(wayland::WindowId),
+}
+
+impl WindowId {
+    pub unsafe fn dummy() -> Self {
+        #[cfg(feature = "wayland")]
+        return WindowId::Wayland(wayland::WindowId::dummy());
+        #[cfg(all(not(feature = "wayland"), feature = "x11"))]
+        return WindowId::X(x11::WindowId::dummy());
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord, Hash)]
+pub enum DeviceId {
+    #[cfg(feature = "x11")]
+    X(x11::DeviceId),
+    #[cfg(feature = "wayland")]
+    Wayland(wayland::DeviceId),
+}
+
+impl DeviceId {
+    pub unsafe fn dummy() -> Self {
+        #[cfg(feature = "wayland")]
+        return DeviceId::Wayland(wayland::DeviceId::dummy());
+        #[cfg(all(not(feature = "wayland"), feature = "x11"))]
+        return DeviceId::X(x11::DeviceId::dummy());
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord)]
+pub enum MonitorHandle {
+    #[cfg(feature = "x11")]
+    X(x11::MonitorHandle),
+    #[cfg(feature = "wayland")]
+    Wayland(wayland::MonitorHandle),
+}
+
+/// `x11_or_wayland!(match expr; Enum(foo) => foo.something())`
+/// expands to the equivalent of
+/// ```ignore
+/// match self {
+///    Enum::X(foo) => foo.something(),
+///    Enum::Wayland(foo) => foo.something(),
+/// }
+/// ```
+/// The result can be converted to another enum by adding `; as AnotherEnum`
+macro_rules! x11_or_wayland {
+    (match $what:expr; $enum:ident ( $($c1:tt)* ) => $x:expr; as $enum2:ident ) => {
+        match $what {
+            #[cfg(feature = "x11")]
+            $enum::X($($c1)*) => $enum2::X($x),
+            #[cfg(feature = "wayland")]
+            $enum::Wayland($($c1)*) => $enum2::Wayland($x),
+        }
+    };
+    (match $what:expr; $enum:ident ( $($c1:tt)* ) => $x:expr) => {
+        match $what {
+            #[cfg(feature = "x11")]
+            $enum::X($($c1)*) => $x,
+            #[cfg(feature = "wayland")]
+            $enum::Wayland($($c1)*) => $x,
+        }
+    };
+}
+
+impl MonitorHandle {
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn name(&self) -> Option<String> {
+        x11_or_wayland!(match self; MonitorHandle(m) => m.name())
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn native_identifier(&self) -> u32 {
+        x11_or_wayland!(match self; MonitorHandle(m) => m.native_identifier())
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn size(&self) -> PhysicalSize<u32> {
+        x11_or_wayland!(match self; MonitorHandle(m) => m.size())
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn position(&self) -> PhysicalPosition<i32> {
+        x11_or_wayland!(match self; MonitorHandle(m) => m.position())
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn scale_factor(&self) -> f64 {
+        x11_or_wayland!(match self; MonitorHandle(m) => m.scale_factor() as f64)
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn video_modes(&self) -> Box<dyn Iterator<Item = RootVideoMode>> {
+        x11_or_wayland!(match self; MonitorHandle(m) => Box::new(m.video_modes()))
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
+pub enum VideoMode {
+    #[cfg(feature = "x11")]
+    X(x11::VideoMode),
+    #[cfg(feature = "wayland")]
+    Wayland(wayland::VideoMode),
+}
+
+impl VideoMode {
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn size(&self) -> PhysicalSize<u32> {
+        x11_or_wayland!(match self; VideoMode(m) => m.size())
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn bit_depth(&self) -> u16 {
+        x11_or_wayland!(match self; VideoMode(m) => m.bit_depth())
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn refresh_rate(&self) -> u16 {
+        x11_or_wayland!(match self; VideoMode(m) => m.refresh_rate())
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn monitor(&self) -> RootMonitorHandle {
+        x11_or_wayland!(match self; VideoMode(m) => m.monitor())
+    }
+}
+
+impl Window {
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn new<T>(
+        window_target: &EventLoopWindowTarget<T>,
+        attribs: WindowAttributes,
+        pl_attribs: PlatformSpecificWindowBuilderAttributes,
+    ) -> Result<Self, RootOsError> {
+        match *window_target {
+            #[cfg(feature = "wayland")]
+            EventLoopWindowTarget::Wayland(ref window_target) => {
+                wayland::Window::new(window_target, attribs, pl_attribs).map(Window::Wayland)
+            }
+            #[cfg(feature = "x11")]
+            EventLoopWindowTarget::X(ref window_target) => {
+                x11::Window::new(window_target, attribs, pl_attribs).map(Window::X)
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn id(&self) -> WindowId {
+        x11_or_wayland!(match self; Window(w) => w.id(); as WindowId)
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn set_title(&self, title: &str) {
+        x11_or_wayland!(match self; Window(w) => w.set_title(title));
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn set_visible(&self, visible: bool) {
+        x11_or_wayland!(match self; Window(w) => w.set_visible(visible))
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn outer_position(&self) -> Result<PhysicalPosition<i32>, NotSupportedError> {
+        x11_or_wayland!(match self; Window(w) => w.outer_position())
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn inner_position(&self) -> Result<PhysicalPosition<i32>, NotSupportedError> {
+        x11_or_wayland!(match self; Window(w) => w.inner_position())
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn set_outer_position(&self, position: Position) {
+        x11_or_wayland!(match self; Window(w) => w.set_outer_position(position))
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn inner_size(&self) -> PhysicalSize<u32> {
+        x11_or_wayland!(match self; Window(w) => w.inner_size())
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn outer_size(&self) -> PhysicalSize<u32> {
+        x11_or_wayland!(match self; Window(w) => w.outer_size())
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn set_inner_size(&self, size: Size) {
+        x11_or_wayland!(match self; Window(w) => w.set_inner_size(size))
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn set_min_inner_size(&self, dimensions: Option<Size>) {
+        x11_or_wayland!(match self; Window(w) => w.set_min_inner_size(dimensions))
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn set_max_inner_size(&self, dimensions: Option<Size>) {
+        x11_or_wayland!(match self; Window(w) => w.set_max_inner_size(dimensions))
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn set_resizable(&self, resizable: bool) {
+        x11_or_wayland!(match self; Window(w) => w.set_resizable(resizable))
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn set_cursor_icon(&self, cursor: CursorIcon) {
+        x11_or_wayland!(match self; Window(w) => w.set_cursor_icon(cursor))
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn set_cursor_grab(&self, grab: bool) -> Result<(), ExternalError> {
+        x11_or_wayland!(match self; Window(window) => window.set_cursor_grab(grab))
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn set_cursor_visible(&self, visible: bool) {
+        x11_or_wayland!(match self; Window(window) => window.set_cursor_visible(visible))
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn drag_window(&self) -> Result<(), ExternalError> {
+        x11_or_wayland!(match self; Window(window) => window.drag_window())
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn scale_factor(&self) -> f64 {
+        x11_or_wayland!(match self; Window(w) => w.scale_factor() as f64)
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn set_cursor_position(&self, position: Position) -> Result<(), ExternalError> {
+        x11_or_wayland!(match self; Window(w) => w.set_cursor_position(position))
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn set_maximized(&self, maximized: bool) {
+        x11_or_wayland!(match self; Window(w) => w.set_maximized(maximized))
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn is_maximized(&self) -> bool {
+        // TODO: Not implemented
+        false
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn set_minimized(&self, minimized: bool) {
+        x11_or_wayland!(match self; Window(w) => w.set_minimized(minimized))
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn fullscreen(&self) -> Option<Fullscreen> {
+        x11_or_wayland!(match self; Window(w) => w.fullscreen())
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn set_fullscreen(&self, monitor: Option<Fullscreen>) {
+        x11_or_wayland!(match self; Window(w) => w.set_fullscreen(monitor))
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn set_decorations(&self, decorations: bool) {
+        x11_or_wayland!(match self; Window(w) => w.set_decorations(decorations))
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn set_always_on_top(&self, _always_on_top: bool) {
+        match self {
+            #[cfg(feature = "x11")]
+            &Window::X(ref w) => w.set_always_on_top(_always_on_top),
+            #[cfg(feature = "wayland")]
+            _ => (),
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn set_window_icon(&self, _window_icon: Option<Icon>) {
+        match self {
+            #[cfg(feature = "x11")]
+            &Window::X(ref w) => w.set_window_icon(_window_icon),
+            #[cfg(feature = "wayland")]
+            _ => (),
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn set_ime_position(&self, position: Position) {
+        x11_or_wayland!(match self; Window(w) => w.set_ime_position(position))
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn request_user_attention(&self, _request_type: Option<UserAttentionType>) {
+        match self {
+            #[cfg(feature = "x11")]
+            &Window::X(ref w) => w.request_user_attention(_request_type),
+            #[cfg(feature = "wayland")]
+            _ => (),
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn request_redraw(&self) {
+        x11_or_wayland!(match self; Window(w) => w.request_redraw())
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn current_monitor(&self) -> Option<RootMonitorHandle> {
+        match self {
+            #[cfg(feature = "x11")]
+            &Window::X(ref window) => {
+                let current_monitor = MonitorHandle::X(window.current_monitor());
+                Some(RootMonitorHandle {
+                    inner: current_monitor,
+                })
+            }
+            #[cfg(feature = "wayland")]
+            &Window::Wayland(ref window) => {
+                let current_monitor = MonitorHandle::Wayland(window.current_monitor()?);
+                Some(RootMonitorHandle {
+                    inner: current_monitor,
+                })
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn available_monitors(&self) -> VecDeque<MonitorHandle> {
+        match self {
+            #[cfg(feature = "x11")]
+            &Window::X(ref window) => window
+                .available_monitors()
+                .into_iter()
+                .map(MonitorHandle::X)
+                .collect(),
+            #[cfg(feature = "wayland")]
+            &Window::Wayland(ref window) => window
+                .available_monitors()
+                .into_iter()
+                .map(MonitorHandle::Wayland)
+                .collect(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn primary_monitor(&self) -> Option<RootMonitorHandle> {
+        match self {
+            #[cfg(feature = "x11")]
+            &Window::X(ref window) => {
+                let primary_monitor = MonitorHandle::X(window.primary_monitor());
+                Some(RootMonitorHandle {
+                    inner: primary_monitor,
+                })
+            }
+            #[cfg(feature = "wayland")]
+            &Window::Wayland(ref window) => window.primary_monitor(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn raw_window_handle(&self) -> RawWindowHandle {
+        match self {
+            #[cfg(feature = "x11")]
+            &Window::X(ref window) => RawWindowHandle::Xlib(window.raw_window_handle()),
+            #[cfg(feature = "wayland")]
+            &Window::Wayland(ref window) => RawWindowHandle::Wayland(window.raw_window_handle()),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(feature = "x11")]
+unsafe extern "C" fn x_error_callback(
+    display: *mut x11::ffi::Display,
+    event: *mut x11::ffi::XErrorEvent,
+) -> c_int {
+    let xconn_lock = X11_BACKEND.lock();
+    if let Ok(ref xconn) = *xconn_lock {
+        // `assume_init` is safe here because the array consists of `MaybeUninit` values,
+        // which do not require initialization.
+        let mut buf: [MaybeUninit<c_char>; 1024] = MaybeUninit::uninit().assume_init();
+        (xconn.xlib.XGetErrorText)(
+            display,
+            (*event).error_code as c_int,
+            buf.as_mut_ptr() as *mut c_char,
+            buf.len() as c_int,
+        );
+        let description = CStr::from_ptr(buf.as_ptr() as *const c_char).to_string_lossy();
+
+        let error = XError {
+            description: description.into_owned(),
+            error_code: (*event).error_code,
+            request_code: (*event).request_code,
+            minor_code: (*event).minor_code,
+        };
+
+        error!("X11 error: {:#?}", error);
+
+        *xconn.latest_error.lock() = Some(error);
+    }
+    // Fun fact: this return value is completely ignored.
+    0
+}
+
+pub enum EventLoop<T: 'static> {
+    #[cfg(feature = "wayland")]
+    Wayland(wayland::EventLoop<T>),
+    #[cfg(feature = "x11")]
+    X(x11::EventLoop<T>),
+}
+
+pub enum EventLoopProxy<T: 'static> {
+    #[cfg(feature = "x11")]
+    X(x11::EventLoopProxy<T>),
+    #[cfg(feature = "wayland")]
+    Wayland(wayland::EventLoopProxy<T>),
+}
+
+impl<T: 'static> Clone for EventLoopProxy<T> {
+    fn clone(&self) -> Self {
+        x11_or_wayland!(match self; EventLoopProxy(proxy) => proxy.clone(); as EventLoopProxy)
+    }
+}
+
+impl<T: 'static> EventLoop<T> {
+    pub fn new() -> EventLoop<T> {
+        assert_is_main_thread("new_any_thread");
+
+        EventLoop::new_any_thread()
+    }
+
+    pub fn new_any_thread() -> EventLoop<T> {
+        if let Ok(env_var) = env::var(BACKEND_PREFERENCE_ENV_VAR) {
+            match env_var.as_str() {
+                "x11" => {
+                    // TODO: propagate
+                    #[cfg(feature = "x11")]
+                    return EventLoop::new_x11_any_thread()
+                        .expect("Failed to initialize X11 backend");
+                    #[cfg(not(feature = "x11"))]
+                    panic!("x11 feature is not enabled")
+                }
+                "wayland" => {
+                    #[cfg(feature = "wayland")]
+                    return EventLoop::new_wayland_any_thread()
+                        .expect("Failed to initialize Wayland backend");
+                    #[cfg(not(feature = "wayland"))]
+                    panic!("wayland feature is not enabled");
+                }
+                _ => panic!(
+                    "Unknown environment variable value for {}, try one of `x11`,`wayland`",
+                    BACKEND_PREFERENCE_ENV_VAR,
+                ),
+            }
+        }
+
+        #[cfg(feature = "wayland")]
+        let wayland_err = match EventLoop::new_wayland_any_thread() {
+            Ok(event_loop) => return event_loop,
+            Err(err) => err,
+        };
+
+        #[cfg(feature = "x11")]
+        let x11_err = match EventLoop::new_x11_any_thread() {
+            Ok(event_loop) => return event_loop,
+            Err(err) => err,
+        };
+
+        #[cfg(not(feature = "wayland"))]
+        let wayland_err = "backend disabled";
+        #[cfg(not(feature = "x11"))]
+        let x11_err = "backend disabled";
+
+        panic!(
+            "Failed to initialize any backend! Wayland status: {:?} X11 status: {:?}",
+            wayland_err, x11_err,
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[cfg(feature = "wayland")]
+    pub fn new_wayland() -> Result<EventLoop<T>, Box<dyn Error>> {
+        assert_is_main_thread("new_wayland_any_thread");
+
+        EventLoop::new_wayland_any_thread()
+    }
+
+    #[cfg(feature = "wayland")]
+    pub fn new_wayland_any_thread() -> Result<EventLoop<T>, Box<dyn Error>> {
+        wayland::EventLoop::new().map(EventLoop::Wayland)
+    }
+
+    #[cfg(feature = "x11")]
+    pub fn new_x11() -> Result<EventLoop<T>, XNotSupported> {
+        assert_is_main_thread("new_x11_any_thread");
+
+        EventLoop::new_x11_any_thread()
+    }
+
+    #[cfg(feature = "x11")]
+    pub fn new_x11_any_thread() -> Result<EventLoop<T>, XNotSupported> {
+        let xconn = match X11_BACKEND.lock().as_ref() {
+            Ok(xconn) => xconn.clone(),
+            Err(err) => return Err(err.clone()),
+        };
+
+        Ok(EventLoop::X(x11::EventLoop::new(xconn)))
+    }
+
+    pub fn create_proxy(&self) -> EventLoopProxy<T> {
+        x11_or_wayland!(match self; EventLoop(evlp) => evlp.create_proxy(); as EventLoopProxy)
+    }
+
+    pub fn run_return<F>(&mut self, callback: F)
+    where
+        F: FnMut(crate::event::Event<'_, T>, &RootELW<T>, &mut ControlFlow),
+    {
+        x11_or_wayland!(match self; EventLoop(evlp) => evlp.run_return(callback))
+    }
+
+    pub fn run<F>(self, callback: F) -> !
+    where
+        F: 'static + FnMut(crate::event::Event<'_, T>, &RootELW<T>, &mut ControlFlow),
+    {
+        x11_or_wayland!(match self; EventLoop(evlp) => evlp.run(callback))
+    }
+
+    pub fn window_target(&self) -> &crate::event_loop::EventLoopWindowTarget<T> {
+        x11_or_wayland!(match self; EventLoop(evl) => evl.window_target())
+    }
+}
+
+impl<T: 'static> EventLoopProxy<T> {
+    pub fn send_event(&self, event: T) -> Result<(), EventLoopClosed<T>> {
+        x11_or_wayland!(match self; EventLoopProxy(proxy) => proxy.send_event(event))
+    }
+}
+
+pub enum EventLoopWindowTarget<T> {
+    #[cfg(feature = "wayland")]
+    Wayland(wayland::EventLoopWindowTarget<T>),
+    #[cfg(feature = "x11")]
+    X(x11::EventLoopWindowTarget<T>),
+}
+
+impl<T> EventLoopWindowTarget<T> {
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn is_wayland(&self) -> bool {
+        match *self {
+            #[cfg(feature = "wayland")]
+            EventLoopWindowTarget::Wayland(_) => true,
+            #[cfg(feature = "x11")]
+            _ => false,
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn available_monitors(&self) -> VecDeque<MonitorHandle> {
+        match *self {
+            #[cfg(feature = "wayland")]
+            EventLoopWindowTarget::Wayland(ref evlp) => evlp
+                .available_monitors()
+                .into_iter()
+                .map(MonitorHandle::Wayland)
+                .collect(),
+            #[cfg(feature = "x11")]
+            EventLoopWindowTarget::X(ref evlp) => evlp
+                .x_connection()
+                .available_monitors()
+                .into_iter()
+                .map(MonitorHandle::X)
+                .collect(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn primary_monitor(&self) -> Option<RootMonitorHandle> {
+        match *self {
+            #[cfg(feature = "wayland")]
+            EventLoopWindowTarget::Wayland(ref evlp) => evlp.primary_monitor(),
+            #[cfg(feature = "x11")]
+            EventLoopWindowTarget::X(ref evlp) => {
+                let primary_monitor = MonitorHandle::X(evlp.x_connection().primary_monitor());
+                Some(RootMonitorHandle {
+                    inner: primary_monitor,
+                })
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+fn sticky_exit_callback<T, F>(
+    evt: Event<'_, T>,
+    target: &RootELW<T>,
+    control_flow: &mut ControlFlow,
+    callback: &mut F,
+) where
+    F: FnMut(Event<'_, T>, &RootELW<T>, &mut ControlFlow),
+{
+    // make ControlFlow::Exit sticky by providing a dummy
+    // control flow reference if it is already Exit.
+    let mut dummy = ControlFlow::Exit;
+    let cf = if *control_flow == ControlFlow::Exit {
+        &mut dummy
+    } else {
+        control_flow
+    };
+    // user callback
+    callback(evt, target, cf)
+}
+
+fn assert_is_main_thread(suggested_method: &str) {
+    if !is_main_thread() {
+        panic!(
+            "Initializing the event loop outside of the main thread is a significant \
+             cross-platform compatibility hazard. If you really, absolutely need to create an \
+             EventLoop on a different thread, please use the `EventLoopExtUnix::{}` function.",
+            suggested_method
+        );
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(target_os = "linux")]
+fn is_main_thread() -> bool {
+    use libc::{c_long, getpid, syscall, SYS_gettid};
+
+    unsafe { syscall(SYS_gettid) == getpid() as c_long }
+}
+
+#[cfg(any(target_os = "dragonfly", target_os = "freebsd", target_os = "openbsd"))]
+fn is_main_thread() -> bool {
+    use libc::pthread_main_np;
+
+    unsafe { pthread_main_np() == 1 }
+}
+
+#[cfg(target_os = "netbsd")]
+fn is_main_thread() -> bool {
+    std::thread::current().name() == Some("main")
+}