Remove x11-dl from winit-common

.github/workflows/ci.yml

@@ -136,7 +136,7 @@ jobs:
 
     - name: Generate lockfile
       # Also updates the crates.io index
-      run: cargo generate-lockfile && cargo update -p smol_str --precise 0.3.2 && cargo update -p unicode-segmentation --precise 1.12.0 && cargo update -p wayland-protocols --precise 0.32.12
+      run: cargo generate-lockfile && cargo update -p smol_str --precise 0.3.2 && cargo update -p unicode-segmentation --precise 1.12.0
 
     - name: Install GCC Multilib
       if: (matrix.platform.os == 'ubuntu-latest') && contains(matrix.platform.target, 'i686')
@@ -290,14 +290,31 @@ jobs:
         key: cargo-${{ matrix.toolchain }}-${{ matrix.platform.name }}-${{ hashFiles('Cargo.lock') }}
 
   cargo-deny:
-    name: Run cargo-deny
+    name: Run cargo-deny on ${{ matrix.platform.name }}
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
 
+    # TODO: remove this matrix when https://github.com/EmbarkStudios/cargo-deny/issues/324 is resolved
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        platform:
+          - { name: 'Android', target: aarch64-linux-android }
+          - { name: 'iOS', target: aarch64-apple-ios }
+          - { name: 'Linux', target: x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu }
+          - { name: 'macOS', target: aarch64-apple-darwin }
+          - { name: 'Redox OS', target: x86_64-unknown-redox }
+          - { name: 'Web', target: wasm32-unknown-unknown }
+          - { name: 'Windows GNU', target: x86_64-pc-windows-gnu }
+          - { name: 'Windows MSVC', target: x86_64-pc-windows-msvc }
+
     steps:
     - uses: taiki-e/checkout-action@v1
     - uses: EmbarkStudios/cargo-deny-action@v2
       with:
+        command: check
         log-level: error
+        manifest-path: winit/Cargo.toml
+        arguments: --all-features --target ${{ matrix.platform.target }}
 
   eslint:
     name: ESLint

.github/workflows/docs.yml

@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ jobs:
           cargo doc --no-deps -Z rustdoc-map -Z rustdoc-scrape-examples --features=serde,mint,android-native-activity
 
       - name: Setup Pages
-        uses: actions/configure-pages@v6
+        uses: actions/configure-pages@v5
 
       - name: Fix permissions
         run: |

deny.toml

@@ -1,25 +1,27 @@
 # https://embarkstudios.github.io/cargo-deny
 # cargo install cargo-deny
-# cargo update && cargo deny check
+# cargo update && cargo deny --target aarch64-apple-ios check
+# Note: running just `cargo deny check` without a `--target` will result in
+# false positives due to https://github.com/EmbarkStudios/cargo-deny/issues/324
 [graph]
 all-features = true
 exclude-dev = true
 targets = [
-    "aarch64-apple-darwin",
-    "aarch64-apple-ios",
-    "aarch64-linux-android",
-    "i686-pc-windows-gnu",
-    "i686-pc-windows-msvc",
-    "i686-unknown-linux-gnu",
+    { triple = "aarch64-apple-darwin" },
+    { triple = "aarch64-apple-ios" },
+    { triple = "aarch64-linux-android" },
+    { triple = "i686-pc-windows-gnu" },
+    { triple = "i686-pc-windows-msvc" },
+    { triple = "i686-unknown-linux-gnu" },
     { triple = "wasm32-unknown-unknown", features = [
         "atomics",
     ] },
-    "x86_64-apple-darwin",
-    "x86_64-apple-ios",
-    "x86_64-pc-windows-gnu",
-    "x86_64-pc-windows-msvc",
-    "x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu",
-    "x86_64-unknown-redox",
+    { triple = "x86_64-apple-darwin" },
+    { triple = "x86_64-apple-ios" },
+    { triple = "x86_64-pc-windows-gnu" },
+    { triple = "x86_64-pc-windows-msvc" },
+    { triple = "x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu" },
+    { triple = "x86_64-unknown-redox" },
 ]
 
 [licenses]
@@ -31,7 +33,6 @@ allow = [
     "MIT",          # https://tldrlegal.com/license/mit-license
     "Unicode-3.0",  # https://spdx.org/licenses/Unicode-3.0.html
     "Zlib",         # https://spdx.org/licenses/Zlib.html
-    "MPL-2.0",      # https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/MPL/2.0/
 ]
 confidence-threshold = 1.0
 private = { ignore = true }
@@ -39,23 +40,47 @@ private = { ignore = true }
 [bans]
 multiple-versions = "deny"
 skip = [
+    { crate = "bitflags@1", reason = "the ecosystem is in the process of migrating" },
+    { crate = "rustix@0.38", reason = "the ecosystem is in the process of migrating" },
+    { crate = "linux-raw-sys@0.4", reason = "the ecosystem is in the process of migrating" },
     { crate = "jni-sys@0.3", reason = "uses the semver trick to depend on v0.4, but `ndk` hasn't been updated to v0.4 yet" },
     { crate = "thiserror@1.0", reason = "dep of `ndk` crate, yet to be updated" },
     { crate = "thiserror-impl@1.0", reason = "dep of `thiserror`" },
-    { crate = "objc2@0.5", reason = "used by crossfont" },
-    { crate = "objc2-foundation@0.2", reason = "used by crossfont" },
-]
-skip-tree = [
-    { crate = "windows-sys", reason = "foundational but bumps fairly often, nothing we can do about it not having a shared version" },
 ]
+wildcards = "allow" # at least until https://github.com/EmbarkStudios/cargo-deny/issues/241 is fixed
 
 [bans.build]
-bypass = [
-    { crate = "android-activity", allow-globs = ["android-games-sdk/import-games-sdk.sh"] },
-    { crate = "freetype-sys", allow-globs = ["freetype2/*"] },
-    # `crossfont` still depends (partially transitively) on `winapi`.
-    { crate = "winapi-i686-pc-windows-gnu", allow-globs = ["lib/lib*.a"] },
-    { crate = "winapi-x86_64-pc-windows-gnu", allow-globs = ["lib/lib*.a"] },
-]
 include-archives = true
 interpreted = "deny"
+
+[[bans.build.bypass]]
+allow-globs = ["android-games-sdk/import-games-sdk.sh"]
+crate = "android-activity"
+
+[[bans.build.bypass]]
+allow-globs = ["ci/*", "githooks/*"]
+crate = "zerocopy"
+
+[[bans.build.bypass]]
+allow-globs = ["cherry-pick-stable.sh"]
+crate = "libc"
+
+[[bans.build.bypass]]
+allow-globs = ["freetype2/*"]
+crate = "freetype-sys"
+
+[[bans.build.bypass]]
+allow-globs = ["lib/*.a"]
+crate = "windows_i686_gnu"
+
+[[bans.build.bypass]]
+allow-globs = ["lib/*.lib"]
+crate = "windows_i686_msvc"
+
+[[bans.build.bypass]]
+allow-globs = ["lib/*.a"]
+crate = "windows_x86_64_gnu"
+
+[[bans.build.bypass]]
+allow-globs = ["lib/*.lib"]
+crate = "windows_x86_64_msvc"

winit-appkit/src/view.rs

@@ -3,13 +3,13 @@ use std::cell::{Cell, RefCell};
 use std::collections::{HashMap, VecDeque};
 use std::rc::Rc;
 
-use dpi::{LogicalPosition, PhysicalSize};
+use dpi::{LogicalPosition, LogicalSize};
 use objc2::rc::Retained;
 use objc2::runtime::{AnyObject, Sel};
 use objc2::{AnyThread, DefinedClass, MainThreadMarker, define_class, msg_send};
 use objc2_app_kit::{
     NSApplication, NSCursor, NSEvent, NSEventPhase, NSResponder, NSTextInputClient, NSTrackingArea,
-    NSTrackingAreaOptions, NSView, NSViewLayerContentsRedrawPolicy, NSWindow,
+    NSTrackingAreaOptions, NSView, NSWindow,
 };
 use objc2_core_foundation::CGRect;
 use objc2_foundation::{
@@ -161,20 +161,10 @@ define_class!(
             //    resize occurring.
             // 2. Even when a window resize does occur on a new tabbed window, it contains the wrong
             //    size (includes tab height).
-            self.surface_resized();
-            // During live resize, AppKit may not let the normal event loop reach its next redraw
-            // point before stretching the current layer contents. Redraw immediately after the
-            // app has observed the new surface size.
-            self.redraw_during_live_resize();
-        }
-
-        #[unsafe(method(viewDidChangeBackingProperties))]
-        fn view_did_change_backing_properties(&self) {
-            let _entered = debug_span!("viewDidChangeBackingProperties").entered();
-            // Moving between displays or changing scale can alter the drawable backing size
-            // without a matching frame-size change.
-            self.surface_resized();
-            self.redraw_during_live_resize();
+            let rect = self.frame();
+            let logical_size = LogicalSize::new(rect.size.width as f64, rect.size.height as f64);
+            let size = logical_size.to_physical::<u32>(self.scale_factor());
+            self.queue_event(WindowEvent::SurfaceResized(size));
         }
 
         #[unsafe(method(drawRect:))]
@@ -283,26 +273,27 @@ define_class!(
                 self.ivars().ime_state.set(ImeState::Ground);
             }
 
-            let string = string.to_string();
             let cursor_range = if string.is_empty() {
                 // An empty string basically means that there's no preedit, so indicate that by
                 // sending a `None` cursor range.
                 None
             } else {
-                // Convert the selected range from UTF-16 code unit indices to UTF-8 byte
-                // offsets. `utf16_to_utf8_offset` is defensive: it snaps an offset that would
-                // split a surrogate pair down to the character boundary and clamps an
-                // out-of-bounds offset to the string length, so no `NSRangeException` is
-                // possible and the resulting range can never be inverted (`lower <= upper`).
-                // IMEs are known to send both mid-surrogate and out-of-bounds offsets (e.g.
-                // native Pinyin, see https://github.com/alacritty/alacritty/issues/8791).
-                let lowerbound_utf8 = utf16_to_utf8_offset(&string, selected_range.location);
-                let upperbound_utf8 = utf16_to_utf8_offset(&string, selected_range.end());
+                // Clamp to string length to avoid NSRangeException from out-of-bounds
+                // indices sent by macOS IME (e.g. native Pinyin, see
+                // https://github.com/alacritty/alacritty/issues/8791).
+                let len = string.length();
+                let location = selected_range.location.min(len);
+                let end = selected_range.end().min(len);
+                // Convert the selected range from UTF-16 indices to UTF-8 indices.
+                let sub_string_a = string.substringToIndex(location);
+                let sub_string_b = string.substringToIndex(end);
+                let lowerbound_utf8 = sub_string_a.len();
+                let upperbound_utf8 = sub_string_b.len();
                 Some((lowerbound_utf8, upperbound_utf8))
             };
 
             // Send WindowEvent for updating marked text
-            self.queue_event(WindowEvent::Ime(Ime::Preedit(string, cursor_range)));
+            self.queue_event(WindowEvent::Ime(Ime::Preedit(string.to_string(), cursor_range)));
         }
 
         #[unsafe(method(unmarkText))]
@@ -805,10 +796,6 @@ impl WinitView {
         let this: Retained<Self> = unsafe { msg_send![super(this), init] };
         *this.ivars().input_source.borrow_mut() = this.current_input_source();
 
-        // Ask AppKit to redisplay the layer while the view is being resized so layer-backed
-        // surfaces keep painting.
-        this.setLayerContentsRedrawPolicy(NSViewLayerContentsRedrawPolicy::DuringViewResize);
-
         // `MouseEnteredAndExited` enables receiving events through `mouseEntered:` and
         // `mouseExited:`.
         //
@@ -867,37 +854,6 @@ impl WinitView {
         });
     }
 
-    fn surface_resized(&self) {
-        let Some(window) = (**self).window() else {
-            return;
-        };
-        let size = self.surface_size();
-        let window_id = window_id(&window);
-        self.ivars().app_state.maybe_queue_with_handler(move |app, event_loop| {
-            app.window_event(event_loop, window_id, WindowEvent::SurfaceResized(size));
-        });
-    }
-
-    /// Returns the drawable size from the view's backing-coordinate bounds.
-    pub(super) fn surface_size(&self) -> PhysicalSize<u32> {
-        // The view bounds are authoritative for full-size content views and during live resize.
-        // Deriving this from the window frame can exclude custom titlebar content or be stale.
-        let backing_bounds = self.convertRectToBacking(self.bounds());
-        PhysicalSize::new(
-            backing_bounds.size.width.round().max(0.0) as u32,
-            backing_bounds.size.height.round().max(0.0) as u32,
-        )
-    }
-
-    fn redraw_during_live_resize(&self) {
-        let Some(window) = (**self).window() else {
-            return;
-        };
-        if window.inLiveResize() {
-            self.ivars().app_state.handle_redraw(window_id(&window));
-        }
-    }
-
     fn scale_factor(&self) -> f64 {
         self.window().backingScaleFactor() as f64
     }
@@ -1214,92 +1170,3 @@ fn replace_event(event: &NSEvent, option_as_alt: OptionAsAlt) -> Retained<NSEven
         event.copy()
     }
 }
-
-/// Convert a UTF-16 code unit offset into the corresponding UTF-8 byte offset within `s`.
-///
-/// IMEs are not required to send well-formed offsets, so this is defensive: an offset that
-/// would split a surrogate pair is snapped down to the start of that character, and an
-/// out-of-bounds offset is clamped to the end of the string (e.g. native Pinyin sends
-/// out-of-bounds indices, see <https://github.com/alacritty/alacritty/issues/8791>).
-///
-/// The mapping is monotone non-decreasing, so applying it to the location and end of an
-/// `NSRange` (where `location <= end`) can never produce an inverted byte range.
-fn utf16_to_utf8_offset(s: &str, utf16_offset: usize) -> usize {
-    let mut utf16_pos = 0;
-    for (utf8_pos, ch) in s.char_indices() {
-        if utf16_pos >= utf16_offset {
-            return utf8_pos;
-        }
-        utf16_pos += ch.len_utf16();
-        // The target offset lands strictly inside this character's UTF-16 representation,
-        // i.e. it splits a surrogate pair: snap down to the character boundary.
-        if utf16_pos > utf16_offset {
-            return utf8_pos;
-        }
-    }
-    s.len()
-}
-
-#[cfg(test)]
-mod tests {
-    use super::*;
-
-    /// Apply the UTF-16 -> UTF-8 conversion to both ends of a `selectedRange {loc, len}`,
-    /// mirroring what `set_marked_text` does for the emitted `Ime::Preedit` cursor range.
-    fn convert(s: &str, loc: usize, len: usize) -> (usize, usize) {
-        (utf16_to_utf8_offset(s, loc), utf16_to_utf8_offset(s, loc + len))
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn mid_surrogate_offset_snaps_down() {
-        // "😀a": 😀 is one char = 2 UTF-16 units = 4 UTF-8 bytes; offset 1 is mid-pair.
-        assert_eq!(utf16_to_utf8_offset("\u{1F600}a", 1), 0);
-        // Offset 2 is the boundary just after the pair.
-        assert_eq!(utf16_to_utf8_offset("\u{1F600}a", 2), 4);
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn no_longer_inverted() {
-        // "a😀b" with selectedRange {1,1}: previously emitted (1, 0) -- lower > upper, a
-        // slice-panic vector. The boundary-snapping conversion keeps lower <= upper.
-        assert_eq!(convert("a\u{1F600}b", 1, 1), (1, 1));
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn prefix_preserved_on_mid_pair_collapse() {
-        // "a😀b" with selectedRange {2,0}: previously collapsed to (0, 0), discarding the
-        // valid "a" prefix; now snaps to the char boundary after "a".
-        assert_eq!(convert("a\u{1F600}b", 2, 0), (1, 1));
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn out_of_bounds_clamps_to_len() {
-        // Subsumes the #4494 `.min(len)` clamp: an out-of-bounds offset maps to the string
-        // length instead of triggering an NSRangeException.
-        assert_eq!(convert("\u{1F600}a", 99, 0), (5, 5));
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn well_formed_inputs_are_identity() {
-        // The common case (well-formed boundary indices) must be byte-for-byte unchanged.
-        assert_eq!(convert("a\u{1F600}b", 3, 0), (5, 5));
-        assert_eq!(convert("a\u{1F600}b", 4, 0), (6, 6));
-        // BMP multi-byte (Japanese): each char is 1 UTF-16 unit and 3 UTF-8 bytes.
-        assert_eq!(convert("\u{3053}\u{3093}", 1, 1), (3, 6));
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn monotone_non_decreasing() {
-        // Sweep every UTF-16 offset (including out-of-bounds) over a string mixing BMP and
-        // non-BMP characters and assert the conversion never goes backwards, which is what
-        // guarantees `lower <= upper` for any `NSRange`.
-        let s = "a\u{1F600}b\u{3053}\u{1F4A9}c";
-        let mut prev = 0;
-        for off in 0..=20 {
-            let cur = utf16_to_utf8_offset(s, off);
-            assert!(cur >= prev, "non-monotone at offset {off}: {cur} < {prev}");
-            assert!(cur <= s.len(), "offset {off} mapped past end: {cur} > {}", s.len());
-            prev = cur;
-        }
-    }
-}

winit-appkit/src/window_delegate.rs

@@ -912,7 +912,10 @@ impl WindowDelegate {
     fn handle_scale_factor_changed(&self, scale_factor: CGFloat) {
         let window = self.window();
 
-        let suggested_size = self.view().surface_size();
+        let content_size = window.contentRectForFrameRect(window.frame()).size;
+        let content_size = LogicalSize::new(content_size.width, content_size.height);
+
+        let suggested_size = content_size.to_physical(scale_factor);
         let new_surface_size = Arc::new(Mutex::new(suggested_size));
         self.queue_event(WindowEvent::ScaleFactorChanged {
             scale_factor,
@@ -1037,7 +1040,9 @@ impl WindowDelegate {
 
     #[inline]
     pub fn surface_size(&self) -> PhysicalSize<u32> {
-        self.view().surface_size()
+        let content_rect = self.window().contentRectForFrameRect(self.window().frame());
+        let logical = LogicalSize::new(content_rect.size.width, content_rect.size.height);
+        logical.to_physical(self.scale_factor())
     }
 
     #[inline]

winit-common/Cargo.toml

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ event-handler = []
 
 # XKB
 wayland = ["dep:memmap2"]
-x11 = ["xkbcommon-dl?/x11", "dep:x11-dl"]
+x11 = ["xkbcommon-dl?/x11"]
 xkb = ["dep:xkbcommon-dl", "dep:smol_str"]
 
 # CoreFoundation
@@ -30,7 +30,6 @@ winit-core.workspace = true
 
 # XKB
 memmap2 = { workspace = true, optional = true }
-x11-dl = { workspace = true, optional = true }
 xkbcommon-dl = { workspace = true, optional = true }
 
 # Foundation / CoreFoundation

winit-common/src/xkb/keymap.rs

@@ -7,9 +7,9 @@ use std::ptr::{self, NonNull};
 use winit_core::keyboard::{
     Key, KeyCode, KeyLocation, NamedKey, NativeKey, NativeKeyCode, PhysicalKey,
 };
-#[cfg(feature = "x11")]
-use x11_dl::xlib_xcb::xcb_connection_t;
 use xkb::XKB_MOD_INVALID;
+#[cfg(feature = "x11")]
+use xkbcommon_dl::x11::xcb_connection_t;
 use xkbcommon_dl::{
     self as xkb, xkb_keycode_t, xkb_keymap, xkb_keymap_compile_flags, xkb_keysym_t,
     xkb_layout_index_t, xkb_mod_index_t,

winit-common/src/xkb/mod.rs

@@ -9,12 +9,12 @@ use std::sync::atomic::{AtomicBool, Ordering};
 use smol_str::SmolStr;
 use winit_core::event::{ElementState, KeyEvent};
 use winit_core::keyboard::{Key, KeyLocation};
+#[cfg(feature = "x11")]
+use xkbcommon_dl::x11::{xcb_connection_t, xkbcommon_x11_handle};
 use xkbcommon_dl::{
     self as xkb, XkbCommon, XkbCommonCompose, xkb_compose_status, xkb_context, xkb_context_flags,
     xkbcommon_compose_handle, xkbcommon_handle,
 };
-#[cfg(feature = "x11")]
-use {x11_dl::xlib_xcb::xcb_connection_t, xkbcommon_dl::x11::xkbcommon_x11_handle};
 
 mod compose;
 mod keymap;

winit-common/src/xkb/state.rs

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ use std::ptr::NonNull;
 
 use smol_str::SmolStr;
 #[cfg(feature = "x11")]
-use x11_dl::xlib_xcb::xcb_connection_t;
+use xkbcommon_dl::x11::xcb_connection_t;
 use xkbcommon_dl::{
     self as xkb, xkb_keycode_t, xkb_keysym_t, xkb_layout_index_t, xkb_state, xkb_state_component,
 };

winit-core/src/event.rs

@@ -269,20 +269,6 @@ pub enum WindowEvent {
         button: ButtonSource,
     },
 
-    /// Multi-finger hold gesture on the touchpad or touchscreen without movement.
-    ///
-    /// The `phase` field indicates the lifecycle of the hold gesture:
-    /// - `Started`: One or more fingers are in contact with the touchpad/touchscreen.
-    /// - `Ended`: All fingers have been lifted from the touchpad/touchscreen.
-    /// - `Cancelled`: The hold gesture was interrupted, for example when another finger touches the
-    ///   touchpad (causing a new `Started` event with more fingers), or when movement begins and
-    ///   transitions to other gestures like pinch, pan, or rotation.
-    ///
-    /// ## Platform-specific
-    ///
-    /// - Only available on **Wayland**.
-    HoldGesture { device_id: Option<DeviceId>, phase: TouchPhase },
-
     /// Two-finger pinch gesture, often used for magnification.
     ///
     /// ## Platform-specific
@@ -1020,17 +1006,9 @@ pub enum Ime {
 #[derive(Debug, Hash, PartialEq, Eq, Clone, Copy)]
 #[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
 pub enum TouchPhase {
-    /// Initial touch contact or gesture start, for example when one or more fingers touch the
-    /// screen or touchpad.
     Started,
-    /// The touch contact point changed, for example without lifting the finger.
     Moved,
-    /// All touch contact points have been lifted from the touchscreen or touchpad.
-    ///
-    /// This event is important as it should clear any state or event in flight that was
-    /// generated by the preceding `Started` and `Moved` events.
     Ended,
-    /// The event was cancelled and should cancel any event in flight and clear state.
     Cancelled,
 }
 

winit-core/src/window.rs

@@ -880,8 +880,7 @@ pub trait Window: AsAny + Send + Sync + fmt::Debug {
     /// ## Platform-specific
     ///
     /// - **Android / iOS / X11 / Web / Windows:** Unsupported.
-    /// - **Wayland:** Only works with `org_kde_kwin_blur_manager` or
-    ///   `ext_background_effect_manager_v1` protocol.
+    /// - **Wayland:** Only works with org_kde_kwin_blur_manager protocol.
     fn set_blur(&self, blur: bool);
 
     /// Modifies the window's visibility.

winit-wayland/Cargo.toml

@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ sctk = { package = "smithay-client-toolkit", version = "0.20.0", default-feature
 sctk-adwaita = { version = "0.11.0", default-features = false, optional = true }
 wayland-backend = { version = "0.3.10", default-features = false, features = ["client_system"] }
 wayland-client = "0.31.10"
-wayland-protocols = { version = "0.32.11", features = ["staging", "unstable"] }
+wayland-protocols = { version = "0.32.8", features = ["staging"] }
 wayland-protocols-plasma = { version = "0.3.8", features = ["client"] }
 winit-common = { workspace = true, features = ["xkb", "wayland"] }
 

winit-wayland/src/seat/mod.rs

@@ -12,7 +12,6 @@ use sctk::reexports::protocols::wp::text_input::zv3::client::zwp_text_input_v3::
 use sctk::seat::pointer::{ThemeSpec, ThemedPointer};
 use sctk::seat::{Capability as SeatCapability, SeatHandler, SeatState};
 use tracing::warn;
-use wayland_protocols::wp::pointer_gestures::zv1::client::zwp_pointer_gesture_hold_v1::ZwpPointerGestureHoldV1;
 use wayland_protocols::wp::pointer_gestures::zv1::client::zwp_pointer_gesture_pinch_v1::ZwpPointerGesturePinchV1;
 use wayland_protocols::wp::tablet::zv2::client::zwp_tablet_seat_v2::ZwpTabletSeatV2;
 use winit_core::event::WindowEvent;
@@ -61,9 +60,6 @@ pub struct WinitSeatState {
     /// The pinch pointer gesture bound on the seat.
     pointer_gesture_pinch: Option<ZwpPointerGesturePinchV1>,
 
-    /// The hold pointer gesture bound on the seat.
-    pointer_gesture_hold: Option<ZwpPointerGestureHoldV1>,
-
     /// The keyboard bound on the seat.
     keyboard_state: Option<KeyboardState>,
 
@@ -145,14 +141,6 @@ impl SeatHandler for WinitState {
                     )
                 });
 
-                seat_state.pointer_gesture_hold = self.pointer_gestures.as_ref().map(|manager| {
-                    manager.get_hold_gesture(
-                        themed_pointer.pointer(),
-                        queue_handle,
-                        PointerGestureData::default(),
-                    )
-                });
-
                 let themed_pointer = Arc::new(themed_pointer);
 
                 // Register cursor surface.
@@ -221,10 +209,6 @@ impl SeatHandler for WinitState {
                     pointer_gesture_pinch.destroy();
                 }
 
-                if let Some(pointer_gesture_hold) = seat_state.pointer_gesture_hold.take() {
-                    pointer_gesture_hold.destroy();
-                }
-
                 if let Some(pointer) = seat_state.pointer.take() {
                     let pointer_data = pointer.pointer().winit_data();
 

winit-wayland/src/seat/pointer/pointer_gesture.rs

@@ -7,12 +7,9 @@ use sctk::globals::GlobalData;
 use sctk::reexports::client::globals::{BindError, GlobalList};
 use sctk::reexports::client::{Connection, Dispatch, Proxy, QueueHandle, delegate_dispatch};
 use sctk::reexports::protocols::wp::pointer_gestures::zv1::client::zwp_pointer_gesture_pinch_v1::{
-    Event as PinchEvent, ZwpPointerGesturePinchV1,
+    Event, ZwpPointerGesturePinchV1,
 };
 use sctk::reexports::protocols::wp::pointer_gestures::zv1::client::zwp_pointer_gestures_v1::ZwpPointerGesturesV1;
-use wayland_protocols::wp::pointer_gestures::zv1::client::zwp_pointer_gesture_hold_v1::{
-    Event as HoldEvent, ZwpPointerGestureHoldV1,
-};
 use winit_core::event::{TouchPhase, WindowEvent};
 use winit_core::window::WindowId;
 
@@ -30,7 +27,7 @@ impl PointerGesturesState {
         globals: &GlobalList,
         queue_handle: &QueueHandle<WinitState>,
     ) -> Result<Self, BindError> {
-        let pointer_gestures = globals.bind(queue_handle, 3..=3, GlobalData)?;
+        let pointer_gestures = globals.bind(queue_handle, 1..=1, GlobalData)?;
         Ok(Self { pointer_gestures })
     }
 }
@@ -73,49 +70,6 @@ impl Dispatch<ZwpPointerGesturesV1, GlobalData, WinitState> for PointerGesturesS
     }
 }
 
-impl Dispatch<ZwpPointerGestureHoldV1, PointerGestureData, WinitState> for PointerGesturesState {
-    fn event(
-        state: &mut WinitState,
-        _proxy: &ZwpPointerGestureHoldV1,
-        event: <ZwpPointerGestureHoldV1 as wayland_client::Proxy>::Event,
-        data: &PointerGestureData,
-        _conn: &Connection,
-        _qhandle: &QueueHandle<WinitState>,
-    ) {
-        let mut pointer_gesture_data = data.inner.lock().unwrap();
-        let (window_id, phase) = match event {
-            HoldEvent::Begin { surface, fingers, .. } => {
-                if fingers < 2 {
-                    return;
-                }
-
-                let window_id = crate::make_wid(&surface);
-                pointer_gesture_data.window_id = Some(window_id);
-
-                (window_id, TouchPhase::Started)
-            },
-            HoldEvent::End { cancelled, .. } => {
-                let window_id = match pointer_gesture_data.window_id {
-                    Some(window_id) => window_id,
-                    _ => return,
-                };
-
-                // Reset the state.
-                *pointer_gesture_data = Default::default();
-
-                let phase = if cancelled == 0 { TouchPhase::Ended } else { TouchPhase::Cancelled };
-
-                (window_id, phase)
-            },
-            _ => return,
-        };
-
-        state
-            .events_sink
-            .push_window_event(WindowEvent::HoldGesture { device_id: None, phase }, window_id);
-    }
-}
-
 impl Dispatch<ZwpPointerGesturePinchV1, PointerGestureData, WinitState> for PointerGesturesState {
     fn event(
         state: &mut WinitState,
@@ -127,7 +81,7 @@ impl Dispatch<ZwpPointerGesturePinchV1, PointerGestureData, WinitState> for Poin
     ) {
         let mut pointer_gesture_data = data.inner.lock().unwrap();
         let (window_id, phase, pan_delta, pinch_delta, rotation_delta) = match event {
-            PinchEvent::Begin { surface, fingers, .. } => {
+            Event::Begin { surface, fingers, .. } => {
                 // We only support two fingers for now.
                 if fingers != 2 {
                     return;
@@ -146,7 +100,7 @@ impl Dispatch<ZwpPointerGesturePinchV1, PointerGestureData, WinitState> for Poin
 
                 (window_id, TouchPhase::Started, PhysicalPosition::new(0., 0.), 0., 0.)
             },
-            PinchEvent::Update { dx, dy, scale: pinch, rotation, .. } => {
+            Event::Update { dx, dy, scale: pinch, rotation, .. } => {
                 let window_id = match pointer_gesture_data.window_id {
                     Some(window_id) => window_id,
                     _ => return,
@@ -167,7 +121,7 @@ impl Dispatch<ZwpPointerGesturePinchV1, PointerGestureData, WinitState> for Poin
                 let rotation_delta = -rotation as f32;
                 (window_id, TouchPhase::Moved, pan_delta, pinch_delta, rotation_delta)
             },
-            PinchEvent::End { cancelled, .. } => {
+            Event::End { cancelled, .. } => {
                 let window_id = match pointer_gesture_data.window_id {
                     Some(window_id) => window_id,
                     _ => return,
@@ -201,4 +155,3 @@ impl Dispatch<ZwpPointerGesturePinchV1, PointerGestureData, WinitState> for Poin
 
 delegate_dispatch!(WinitState: [ZwpPointerGesturesV1: GlobalData] => PointerGesturesState);
 delegate_dispatch!(WinitState: [ZwpPointerGesturePinchV1: PointerGestureData] => PointerGesturesState);
-delegate_dispatch!(WinitState: [ZwpPointerGestureHoldV1: PointerGestureData] => PointerGesturesState);

winit-wayland/src/state.rs

@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ use crate::seat::{
     PointerConstraintsState, PointerGesturesState, RelativePointerState, TextInputState,
     WinitPointerData, WinitPointerDataExt, WinitSeatState,
 };
-use crate::types::bgr_effects::BgrEffectManager;
+use crate::types::kwin_blur::KWinBlurManager;
 use crate::types::wp_fractional_scaling::FractionalScalingManager;
 use crate::types::wp_tablet_input_v2::TabletManager;
 use crate::types::wp_viewporter::ViewporterState;
@@ -116,8 +116,8 @@ pub struct WinitState {
     /// Fractional scaling manager.
     pub fractional_scaling_manager: Option<FractionalScalingManager>,
 
-    /// Blur manager.
-    pub blur_manager: Option<BgrEffectManager>,
+    /// KWin blur manager.
+    pub kwin_blur_manager: Option<KWinBlurManager>,
 
     /// Loop handle to re-register event sources, such as keyboard repeat.
     pub loop_handle: LoopHandle<'static, Self>,
@@ -192,7 +192,7 @@ impl WinitState {
             window_events_sink: Default::default(),
             viewporter_state,
             fractional_scaling_manager,
-            blur_manager: BgrEffectManager::new(globals, queue_handle).ok(),
+            kwin_blur_manager: KWinBlurManager::new(globals, queue_handle).ok(),
 
             seats,
             text_input_state: TextInputState::new(globals, queue_handle).ok(),

winit-wayland/src/types/bgr_effects.rs

@@ -1,85 +0,0 @@
-use sctk::compositor::Region;
-use sctk::reexports::client::QueueHandle;
-use sctk::reexports::client::globals::{BindError, GlobalList};
-use sctk::reexports::client::protocol::wl_surface::WlSurface;
-use sctk::reexports::protocols::ext::background_effect::v1::client::ext_background_effect_surface_v1::ExtBackgroundEffectSurfaceV1;
-use wayland_protocols_plasma::blur::client::org_kde_kwin_blur::OrgKdeKwinBlur;
-
-use crate::state::WinitState;
-use crate::types::ext_background_effect::ExtBackgroundEffectManager;
-use crate::types::kwin_blur::KWinBlurManager;
-
-/// Wrapper around various background effects for [`WlSurface`].
-#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
-pub enum BgrEffectManager {
-    Ext(ExtBackgroundEffectManager),
-    KWin(KWinBlurManager),
-}
-
-impl BgrEffectManager {
-    pub fn new(
-        globals: &GlobalList,
-        queue_handle: &QueueHandle<WinitState>,
-    ) -> Result<Self, BindError> {
-        ExtBackgroundEffectManager::new(globals, queue_handle)
-            .map(Self::Ext)
-            .or_else(|_| KWinBlurManager::new(globals, queue_handle).map(Self::KWin))
-    }
-
-    /// Creates a new blur effect for the surface.
-    pub fn new_blur_effect(
-        &mut self,
-        surface: &WlSurface,
-        queue_handle: &QueueHandle<WinitState>,
-    ) -> SurfaceBlurEffect {
-        match self {
-            BgrEffectManager::Ext(mgr) => SurfaceBlurEffect::Ext(mgr.blur(surface, queue_handle)),
-            BgrEffectManager::KWin(mgr) => SurfaceBlurEffect::Kwin(
-                mgr.blur(surface, queue_handle),
-                mgr.clone(),
-                surface.clone(),
-            ),
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-#[derive(Debug)]
-pub enum SurfaceBlurEffect {
-    Ext(ExtBackgroundEffectSurfaceV1),
-    Kwin(OrgKdeKwinBlur, KWinBlurManager, WlSurface),
-}
-
-impl SurfaceBlurEffect {
-    /// Returns `true` if the main surface commit is required.
-    ///
-    /// `None` clears the blur.
-    #[must_use]
-    pub fn set_blur(&self, region: Option<&Region>) -> bool {
-        let region = region.map(|region| region.wl_region());
-        match self {
-            SurfaceBlurEffect::Ext(surface) => {
-                surface.set_blur_region(region);
-                true
-            },
-            SurfaceBlurEffect::Kwin(blur, ..) => {
-                blur.set_region(region);
-                blur.commit();
-                true
-            },
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-impl Drop for SurfaceBlurEffect {
-    fn drop(&mut self) {
-        match self {
-            SurfaceBlurEffect::Ext(surface) => surface.destroy(),
-            SurfaceBlurEffect::Kwin(blur, mgr, wl_surface) => {
-                blur.set_region(None);
-                blur.commit();
-                blur.release();
-                mgr.unset(wl_surface);
-            },
-        }
-    }
-}

winit-wayland/src/types/ext_background_effect.rs

@@ -1,59 +0,0 @@
-use sctk::globals::GlobalData;
-use sctk::reexports::client::globals::{BindError, GlobalList};
-use sctk::reexports::client::protocol::wl_surface::WlSurface;
-use sctk::reexports::client::{Connection, Dispatch, Proxy, QueueHandle, delegate_dispatch};
-use wayland_protocols::ext::background_effect::v1::client::ext_background_effect_manager_v1::ExtBackgroundEffectManagerV1;
-use wayland_protocols::ext::background_effect::v1::client::ext_background_effect_surface_v1::ExtBackgroundEffectSurfaceV1;
-
-use crate::state::WinitState;
-
-#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
-pub struct ExtBackgroundEffectManager {
-    manager: ExtBackgroundEffectManagerV1,
-}
-
-impl ExtBackgroundEffectManager {
-    pub fn new(
-        globals: &GlobalList,
-        queue_handle: &QueueHandle<WinitState>,
-    ) -> Result<Self, BindError> {
-        let manager = globals.bind(queue_handle, 1..=1, GlobalData)?;
-        Ok(Self { manager })
-    }
-
-    pub fn blur(
-        &mut self,
-        surface: &WlSurface,
-        queue_handle: &QueueHandle<WinitState>,
-    ) -> ExtBackgroundEffectSurfaceV1 {
-        self.manager.get_background_effect(surface, queue_handle, ())
-    }
-}
-
-impl Dispatch<ExtBackgroundEffectManagerV1, GlobalData, WinitState> for ExtBackgroundEffectManager {
-    fn event(
-        _: &mut WinitState,
-        _: &ExtBackgroundEffectManagerV1,
-        _: <ExtBackgroundEffectManagerV1 as Proxy>::Event,
-        _: &GlobalData,
-        _: &Connection,
-        _: &QueueHandle<WinitState>,
-    ) {
-    }
-}
-
-impl Dispatch<ExtBackgroundEffectSurfaceV1, (), WinitState> for ExtBackgroundEffectManager {
-    fn event(
-        _: &mut WinitState,
-        _: &ExtBackgroundEffectSurfaceV1,
-        _: <ExtBackgroundEffectSurfaceV1 as Proxy>::Event,
-        _: &(),
-        _: &Connection,
-        _: &QueueHandle<WinitState>,
-    ) {
-        // There is no event
-    }
-}
-
-delegate_dispatch!(WinitState: [ExtBackgroundEffectManagerV1: GlobalData] => ExtBackgroundEffectManager);
-delegate_dispatch!(WinitState: [ExtBackgroundEffectSurfaceV1: ()] => ExtBackgroundEffectManager);

winit-wayland/src/types/mod.rs

@@ -1,8 +1,6 @@
 //! Wayland protocol implementation boilerplate.
 
-pub mod bgr_effects;
 pub mod cursor;
-pub mod ext_background_effect;
 pub mod kwin_blur;
 pub mod wp_fractional_scaling;
 pub mod wp_tablet_input_v2;

winit-wayland/src/window/mod.rs

@@ -127,8 +127,7 @@ impl Window {
         // Set transparency hint.
         window_state.set_transparent(attributes.transparent);
 
-        // Set blur.
-        let _ = window_state.set_blur(attributes.blur);
+        window_state.set_blur(attributes.blur);
 
         // Set the decorations hint.
         window_state.set_decorate(attributes.decorations);
@@ -499,9 +498,7 @@ impl CoreWindow for Window {
 
     #[inline]
     fn set_blur(&self, blur: bool) {
-        if self.window_state.lock().unwrap().set_blur(blur) {
-            self.request_redraw();
-        }
+        self.window_state.lock().unwrap().set_blur(blur);
     }
 
     #[inline]

winit-wayland/src/window/state.rs

@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@ use sctk::shm::slot::SlotPool;
 use sctk::subcompositor::SubcompositorState;
 use tracing::{info, warn};
 use wayland_protocols::xdg::toplevel_icon::v1::client::xdg_toplevel_icon_manager_v1::XdgToplevelIconManagerV1;
+use wayland_protocols_plasma::blur::client::org_kde_kwin_blur::OrgKdeKwinBlur;
 use winit_core::cursor::{CursorIcon, CustomCursor as CoreCustomCursor};
 use winit_core::error::{NotSupportedError, RequestError};
 use winit_core::window::{
@@ -42,8 +43,8 @@ use crate::seat::{
     ZwpTextInputV3Ext,
 };
 use crate::state::{WindowCompositorUpdate, WinitState};
-use crate::types::bgr_effects::{BgrEffectManager, SurfaceBlurEffect};
 use crate::types::cursor::{CustomCursor, SelectedCursor, WaylandCustomCursor};
+use crate::types::kwin_blur::KWinBlurManager;
 use crate::types::xdg_toplevel_icon_manager::ToplevelIcon;
 
 #[cfg(feature = "sctk-adwaita")]
@@ -155,8 +156,8 @@ pub struct WindowState {
 
     viewport: Option<WpViewport>,
     fractional_scale: Option<WpFractionalScaleV1>,
-    blur: Option<SurfaceBlurEffect>,
-    blur_manager: Option<BgrEffectManager>,
+    blur: Option<OrgKdeKwinBlur>,
+    blur_manager: Option<KWinBlurManager>,
 
     /// Whether the client side decorations have pending move operations.
     ///
@@ -205,7 +206,7 @@ impl WindowState {
             toplevel_icon: None,
             xdg_toplevel_icon_manager,
             blur: None,
-            blur_manager: winit_state.blur_manager.clone(),
+            blur_manager: winit_state.kwin_blur_manager.clone(),
             compositor,
             handle,
             csd_fails: false,
@@ -741,13 +742,6 @@ impl WindowState {
             // Set surface size without the borders.
             viewport.set_destination(self.size.width as _, self.size.height as _);
         }
-
-        // Update blur region with new size.
-        if self.blur.is_some() {
-            // NOTE: either user resized or configure, in both cases
-            // the redraw scheduling is done on the caller side.
-            let _ = self.set_blur(true);
-        }
     }
 
     /// Get the scale factor of the window.
@@ -1119,37 +1113,20 @@ impl WindowState {
         }
     }
 
-    /// Make window background blurred.
-    ///
-    /// Returns `true` if redraw is required.
-    #[must_use]
-    pub fn set_blur(&mut self, blurred: bool) -> bool {
-        if !blurred {
-            self.blur = None;
-            return true;
-        }
-
-        let mgr = match self.blur_manager.as_mut() {
-            Some(mgr) => mgr,
-            None => {
-                info!("Blur manager unavailable, unable to change blur");
-                return false;
-            },
-        };
-
-        let blur = match self.blur.as_ref() {
-            Some(blur) => blur,
-            None => {
-                self.blur = Some(mgr.new_blur_effect(self.window.wl_surface(), &self.queue_handle));
-                self.blur.as_ref().unwrap()
-            },
-        };
-
-        if let Ok(region) = Region::new(&*self.compositor) {
-            region.add(0, 0, i32::MAX, i32::MAX);
-            blur.set_blur(Some(&region))
-        } else {
-            false
+    /// Make window background blurred
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn set_blur(&mut self, blurred: bool) {
+        if blurred && self.blur.is_none() {
+            if let Some(blur_manager) = self.blur_manager.as_ref() {
+                let blur = blur_manager.blur(self.window.wl_surface(), &self.queue_handle);
+                blur.commit();
+                self.blur = Some(blur);
+            } else {
+                info!("Blur manager unavailable, unable to change blur")
+            }
+        } else if !blurred && self.blur.is_some() {
+            self.blur_manager.as_ref().unwrap().unset(self.window.wl_surface());
+            self.blur.take().unwrap().release();
         }
     }
 
@@ -1247,6 +1224,10 @@ impl WindowState {
 
 impl Drop for WindowState {
     fn drop(&mut self) {
+        if let Some(blur) = self.blur.take() {
+            blur.release();
+        }
+
         if let Some(fs) = self.fractional_scale.take() {
             fs.destroy();
         }

winit-win32/src/event_loop.rs

@@ -51,12 +51,12 @@ use windows_sys::Win32::UI::WindowsAndMessaging::{
     SystemParametersInfoW, TranslateMessage, WHEEL_DELTA, WINDOWPOS, WM_CAPTURECHANGED, WM_CLOSE,
     WM_CREATE, WM_DESTROY, WM_DPICHANGED, WM_ENTERSIZEMOVE, WM_EXITSIZEMOVE, WM_GETMINMAXINFO,
     WM_IME_COMPOSITION, WM_IME_ENDCOMPOSITION, WM_IME_SETCONTEXT, WM_IME_STARTCOMPOSITION,
-    WM_INPUT, WM_INPUTLANGCHANGE, WM_KEYDOWN, WM_KEYUP, WM_KILLFOCUS, WM_LBUTTONDOWN, WM_LBUTTONUP,
-    WM_MBUTTONDOWN, WM_MBUTTONUP, WM_MENUCHAR, WM_MOUSEHWHEEL, WM_MOUSEMOVE, WM_MOUSEWHEEL,
-    WM_NCACTIVATE, WM_NCCALCSIZE, WM_NCCREATE, WM_NCDESTROY, WM_NCLBUTTONDOWN, WM_PAINT,
-    WM_POINTERDOWN, WM_POINTERUP, WM_POINTERUPDATE, WM_RBUTTONDOWN, WM_RBUTTONUP, WM_SETCURSOR,
-    WM_SETFOCUS, WM_SETTINGCHANGE, WM_SIZE, WM_SIZING, WM_SYSCOMMAND, WM_SYSKEYDOWN, WM_SYSKEYUP,
-    WM_TOUCH, WM_WINDOWPOSCHANGED, WM_WINDOWPOSCHANGING, WM_XBUTTONDOWN, WM_XBUTTONUP, WMSZ_BOTTOM,
+    WM_INPUT, WM_KEYDOWN, WM_KEYUP, WM_KILLFOCUS, WM_LBUTTONDOWN, WM_LBUTTONUP, WM_MBUTTONDOWN,
+    WM_MBUTTONUP, WM_MENUCHAR, WM_MOUSEHWHEEL, WM_MOUSEMOVE, WM_MOUSEWHEEL, WM_NCACTIVATE,
+    WM_NCCALCSIZE, WM_NCCREATE, WM_NCDESTROY, WM_NCLBUTTONDOWN, WM_PAINT, WM_POINTERDOWN,
+    WM_POINTERUP, WM_POINTERUPDATE, WM_RBUTTONDOWN, WM_RBUTTONUP, WM_SETCURSOR, WM_SETFOCUS,
+    WM_SETTINGCHANGE, WM_SIZE, WM_SIZING, WM_SYSCOMMAND, WM_SYSKEYDOWN, WM_SYSKEYUP, WM_TOUCH,
+    WM_WINDOWPOSCHANGED, WM_WINDOWPOSCHANGING, WM_XBUTTONDOWN, WM_XBUTTONUP, WMSZ_BOTTOM,
     WMSZ_BOTTOMLEFT, WMSZ_BOTTOMRIGHT, WMSZ_LEFT, WMSZ_RIGHT, WMSZ_TOP, WMSZ_TOPLEFT,
     WMSZ_TOPRIGHT, WNDCLASSEXW, WS_EX_LAYERED, WS_EX_NOACTIVATE, WS_EX_TOOLWINDOW,
     WS_EX_TRANSPARENT, WS_OVERLAPPED, WS_POPUP, WS_VISIBLE,
@@ -1508,21 +1508,6 @@ unsafe fn public_window_callback_inner(
             result = ProcResult::Value(unsafe { DefWindowProcW(window, msg, wparam, lparam) });
         },
 
-        WM_INPUTLANGCHANGE => {
-            // Refresh the cached keyboard layout for the newly activated input
-            // language. This message is sent (by Windows or by layout switchers
-            // such as Punto Switcher) after the layout changes. Refreshing the
-            // cache here prevents a freeze that otherwise occurs when switching
-            // layout via such tools. We still defer to `DefWindowProc` so the
-            // message keeps propagating to first-level child windows, as the
-            // Win32 documentation requires.
-            {
-                let mut layouts = LAYOUT_CACHE.lock().unwrap();
-                layouts.get_current_layout();
-            }
-            result = ProcResult::DefWindowProc(wparam);
-        },
-
         // this is necessary for us to maintain minimize/restore state
         WM_SYSCOMMAND => {
             if wparam == SC_RESTORE as usize {

winit-x11/src/event_processor.rs

@@ -1757,7 +1757,7 @@ impl EventProcessor {
                 .find(|prev_monitor| prev_monitor.name == new_monitor.name)
                 .map(|prev_monitor| prev_monitor.scale_factor);
             if Some(new_monitor.scale_factor) != maybe_prev_scale_factor {
-                for window in self.target.windows.borrow().values().filter_map(|w| w.upgrade()) {
+                for window in self.target.windows.borrow().iter().filter_map(|(_, w)| w.upgrade()) {
                     window.refresh_dpi_for_monitor(
                         &new_monitor,
                         maybe_prev_scale_factor,

winit/Cargo.toml

@@ -76,13 +76,9 @@ winit-core.workspace = true
 
 [dev-dependencies]
 image = { workspace = true, features = ["png"] }
+softbuffer.workspace = true
 tracing = { workspace = true, features = ["log"] }
 tracing-subscriber = { workspace = true, features = ["env-filter"] }
-# Launching a window without drawing to it has unpredictable results varying from platform to
-# platform. We use the `softbuffer` crate in our examples because of its ease of use to avoid
-# confusion around this. `glutin` or `wgpu` could also be used to fill the window buffer, but they
-# are more complicated to set up.
-softbuffer.workspace = true
 
 [target.'cfg(target_os = "android")'.dependencies]
 winit-android.workspace = true

winit/examples/application.rs

@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ use std::time::Instant;
 use std::{fmt, mem};
 
 use cursor_icon::CursorIcon;
+use rwh_06::{DisplayHandle, HasDisplayHandle};
 use softbuffer::{Context, Surface};
 use tracing::{error, info};
 #[cfg(web_platform)]
@@ -24,7 +25,7 @@ use winit::cursor::{Cursor, CustomCursor, CustomCursorSource};
 use winit::dpi::{LogicalSize, PhysicalPosition, PhysicalSize};
 use winit::error::RequestError;
 use winit::event::{DeviceEvent, DeviceId, MouseButton, MouseScrollDelta, WindowEvent};
-use winit::event_loop::{ActiveEventLoop, EventLoop, OwnedDisplayHandle};
+use winit::event_loop::{ActiveEventLoop, EventLoop};
 use winit::icon::{Icon, RgbaIcon};
 use winit::keyboard::{Key, ModifiersState};
 use winit::monitor::Fullscreen;
@@ -44,6 +45,9 @@ use winit_core::application::macos::ApplicationHandlerExtMacOS;
 #[path = "util/tracing.rs"]
 mod tracing_init;
 
+#[path = "util/fill.rs"]
+mod fill;
+
 /// The amount of points to around the window for drag resize direction calculations.
 const BORDER_SIZE: f64 = 20.;
 
@@ -90,12 +94,20 @@ struct Application {
     /// Drawing context.
     ///
     /// With OpenGL it could be EGLDisplay.
-    context: Context<OwnedDisplayHandle>,
+    context: Option<Context<DisplayHandle<'static>>>,
 }
 
 impl Application {
     fn new(event_loop: &EventLoop, receiver: Receiver<Action>, sender: Sender<Action>) -> Self {
-        let context = Context::new(event_loop.owned_display_handle()).unwrap();
+        // SAFETY: we drop the context right before the event loop is stopped, thus making it safe.
+        let context = Some(
+            Context::new(unsafe {
+                std::mem::transmute::<DisplayHandle<'_>, DisplayHandle<'static>>(
+                    event_loop.display_handle().unwrap(),
+                )
+            })
+            .unwrap(),
+        );
 
         // You'll have to choose an icon size at your own discretion. On X11, the desired size
         // varies by WM, and on Windows, you still have to account for screen scaling. Here
@@ -529,7 +541,16 @@ impl ApplicationHandler for Application {
             WindowEvent::DoubleTapGesture { .. } => {
                 info!("Smart zoom");
             },
-            _ => (),
+            WindowEvent::TouchpadPressure { .. }
+            | WindowEvent::DragLeft { .. }
+            | WindowEvent::KeyboardInput { .. }
+            | WindowEvent::PointerEntered { .. }
+            | WindowEvent::DragEntered { .. }
+            | WindowEvent::DragMoved { .. }
+            | WindowEvent::DragDropped { .. }
+            | WindowEvent::Destroyed
+            | WindowEvent::Ime(_)
+            | WindowEvent::Moved(_) => (),
         }
     }
 
@@ -584,7 +605,9 @@ impl ApplicationHandlerExtMacOS for Application {
 /// State of the window.
 struct WindowState {
     /// Render surface.
-    surface: Surface<OwnedDisplayHandle, Arc<dyn Window>>,
+    ///
+    /// NOTE: This surface must be dropped before the `Window`.
+    surface: Surface<DisplayHandle<'static>, Arc<dyn Window>>,
     /// The actual winit Window.
     window: Arc<dyn Window>,
     /// The window theme we're drawing with.
@@ -625,7 +648,9 @@ impl WindowState {
     fn new(app: &Application, window: Box<dyn Window>) -> Result<Self, Box<dyn Error>> {
         let window: Arc<dyn Window> = Arc::from(window);
 
-        let surface = Surface::new(&app.context, Arc::clone(&window))?;
+        // SAFETY: the surface is dropped before the `window` which provided it with handle, thus
+        // it doesn't outlive it.
+        let surface = Surface::new(app.context.as_ref().unwrap(), Arc::clone(&window))?;
 
         let theme = window.theme().unwrap_or(Theme::Dark);
         info!("Theme: {theme:?}");
@@ -912,40 +937,35 @@ impl WindowState {
             return Ok(());
         }
 
+        if self.animated_fill_color {
+            fill::fill_window_with_animated_color(&*self.window, self.start_time);
+            return Ok(());
+        }
+
         let mut buffer = self.surface.buffer_mut()?;
 
-        if self.animated_fill_color {
-            // Fill the entire buffer with a single color.
-            let time = self.start_time.elapsed().as_secs_f32() * 1.5;
-            let blue = (time.sin() * 255.0) as u32;
-            let green = ((time.cos() * 255.0) as u32) << 8;
-            let red = ((1.0 - time.sin() * 255.0) as u32) << 16;
-            let color = red | green | blue;
-            buffer.fill(color);
-        } else {
-            // Draw a different color inside the safe area
-            let surface_size = self.window.surface_size();
-            let insets = self.window.safe_area();
-            for y in 0..surface_size.height {
-                for x in 0..surface_size.width {
-                    let index = y as usize * surface_size.width as usize + x as usize;
-                    if insets.left <= x
-                        && x <= (surface_size.width - insets.right)
-                        && insets.top <= y
-                        && y <= (surface_size.height - insets.bottom)
-                    {
-                        // In safe area
-                        buffer[index] = match self.theme {
-                            Theme::Light => 0xffe8e8e8, // Light gray
-                            Theme::Dark => 0xff525252,  // Medium gray
-                        };
-                    } else {
-                        // Outside safe area
-                        buffer[index] = match self.theme {
-                            Theme::Light => 0xffffffff, // White
-                            Theme::Dark => 0xff181818,  // Dark gray
-                        };
-                    }
+        // Draw a different color inside the safe area
+        let surface_size = self.window.surface_size();
+        let insets = self.window.safe_area();
+        for y in 0..surface_size.height {
+            for x in 0..surface_size.width {
+                let index = y as usize * surface_size.width as usize + x as usize;
+                if insets.left <= x
+                    && x <= (surface_size.width - insets.right)
+                    && insets.top <= y
+                    && y <= (surface_size.height - insets.bottom)
+                {
+                    // In safe area
+                    buffer[index] = match self.theme {
+                        Theme::Light => 0xffe8e8e8, // Light gray
+                        Theme::Dark => 0xff525252,  // Medium gray
+                    };
+                } else {
+                    // Outside safe area
+                    buffer[index] = match self.theme {
+                        Theme::Light => 0xffffffff, // White
+                        Theme::Dark => 0xff181818,  // Dark gray
+                    };
                 }
             }
         }

winit/examples/child_window.rs

@@ -3,12 +3,11 @@
 fn main() -> Result<(), impl std::error::Error> {
     use std::collections::HashMap;
 
-    use softbuffer::{Context, Surface};
     use tracing::info;
     use winit::application::ApplicationHandler;
     use winit::dpi::{LogicalPosition, LogicalSize, Position};
     use winit::event::{ElementState, KeyEvent, WindowEvent};
-    use winit::event_loop::{ActiveEventLoop, EventLoop, OwnedDisplayHandle};
+    use winit::event_loop::{ActiveEventLoop, EventLoop};
     use winit::raw_window_handle::HasRawWindowHandle;
     use winit::window::{Window, WindowAttributes, WindowId};
 
@@ -17,20 +16,18 @@ fn main() -> Result<(), impl std::error::Error> {
 
     #[derive(Debug)]
     struct WindowData {
-        surface: Surface<OwnedDisplayHandle, Box<dyn Window>>,
+        window: Box<dyn Window>,
         color: u32,
     }
 
     impl WindowData {
-        fn new(context: &Context<OwnedDisplayHandle>, window: Box<dyn Window>, color: u32) -> Self {
-            let surface = Surface::new(context, window).unwrap();
-            Self { surface, color }
+        fn new(window: Box<dyn Window>, color: u32) -> Self {
+            Self { window, color }
         }
     }
 
-    #[derive(Debug)]
+    #[derive(Default, Debug)]
     struct Application {
-        context: Context<OwnedDisplayHandle>,
         parent_window_id: Option<WindowId>,
         windows: HashMap<WindowId, WindowData>,
     }
@@ -45,7 +42,7 @@ fn main() -> Result<(), impl std::error::Error> {
             info!("Parent window id: {:?})", window.id());
             self.parent_window_id = Some(window.id());
 
-            self.windows.insert(window.id(), WindowData::new(&self.context, window, 0xffbbbbbb));
+            self.windows.insert(window.id(), WindowData::new(window, 0xffbbbbbb));
         }
 
         fn window_event(
@@ -76,24 +73,18 @@ fn main() -> Result<(), impl std::error::Error> {
                         0xff000000 + 3_u32.pow((child_index + 2).rem_euclid(16) as u32);
 
                     let parent_window = self.windows.get(&self.parent_window_id.unwrap()).unwrap();
-                    let child_window = spawn_child_window(
-                        parent_window.surface.window().as_ref(),
-                        event_loop,
-                        child_index,
-                    );
+                    let child_window =
+                        spawn_child_window(parent_window.window.as_ref(), event_loop, child_index);
                     let child_id = child_window.id();
                     info!("Child window created with id: {child_id:?}");
-                    self.windows.insert(
-                        child_id,
-                        WindowData::new(&self.context, child_window, child_color),
-                    );
+                    self.windows.insert(child_id, WindowData::new(child_window, child_color));
                 },
                 WindowEvent::RedrawRequested => {
-                    if let Some(window) = self.windows.get_mut(&window_id) {
+                    if let Some(window) = self.windows.get(&window_id) {
                         if window_id == self.parent_window_id.unwrap() {
-                            fill::fill(&mut window.surface);
+                            fill::fill_window(window.window.as_ref());
                         } else {
-                            fill::fill_with_color(&mut window.surface, window.color);
+                            fill::fill_window_with_color(window.window.as_ref(), window.color);
                         }
                     }
                 },
@@ -127,8 +118,7 @@ fn main() -> Result<(), impl std::error::Error> {
     }
 
     let event_loop = EventLoop::new().unwrap();
-    let context = Context::new(event_loop.owned_display_handle()).unwrap();
-    event_loop.run_app(Application { context, parent_window_id: None, windows: HashMap::new() })
+    event_loop.run_app(Application::default())
 }
 
 #[cfg(not(any(x11_platform, macos_platform, windows_platform)))]

winit/examples/control_flow.rs

@@ -4,13 +4,12 @@ use std::thread;
 #[cfg(not(web_platform))]
 use std::time;
 
-use softbuffer::{Context, Surface};
 use tracing::{info, warn};
 #[cfg(web_platform)]
 use web_time as time;
 use winit::application::ApplicationHandler;
 use winit::event::{ElementState, KeyEvent, StartCause, WindowEvent};
-use winit::event_loop::{ActiveEventLoop, ControlFlow, EventLoop, OwnedDisplayHandle};
+use winit::event_loop::{ActiveEventLoop, ControlFlow, EventLoop};
 use winit::keyboard::{Key, NamedKey};
 use winit::window::{Window, WindowAttributes, WindowId};
 
@@ -53,7 +52,7 @@ struct ControlFlowDemo {
     request_redraw: bool,
     wait_cancelled: bool,
     close_requested: bool,
-    surface: Option<Surface<OwnedDisplayHandle, Box<dyn Window>>>,
+    window: Option<Box<dyn Window>>,
 }
 
 impl ApplicationHandler for ControlFlowDemo {
@@ -70,10 +69,7 @@ impl ApplicationHandler for ControlFlowDemo {
         let window_attributes = WindowAttributes::default().with_title(
             "Press 1, 2, 3 to change control flow mode. Press R to toggle redraw requests.",
         );
-        let window = event_loop.create_window(window_attributes).unwrap();
-        let context = Context::new(event_loop.owned_display_handle()).unwrap();
-        let surface = Surface::new(&context, window).unwrap();
-        self.surface = Some(surface);
+        self.window = Some(event_loop.create_window(window_attributes).unwrap());
     }
 
     fn window_event(
@@ -116,9 +112,9 @@ impl ApplicationHandler for ControlFlowDemo {
                 _ => (),
             },
             WindowEvent::RedrawRequested => {
-                let surface = self.surface.as_mut().unwrap();
-                surface.window().pre_present_notify();
-                fill::fill(surface);
+                let window = self.window.as_ref().unwrap();
+                window.pre_present_notify();
+                fill::fill_window(window.as_ref());
             },
             _ => (),
         }
@@ -126,7 +122,7 @@ impl ApplicationHandler for ControlFlowDemo {
 
     fn about_to_wait(&mut self, event_loop: &dyn ActiveEventLoop) {
         if self.request_redraw && !self.wait_cancelled && !self.close_requested {
-            self.surface.as_ref().unwrap().window().request_redraw();
+            self.window.as_ref().unwrap().request_redraw();
         }
 
         match self.mode {

winit/examples/dnd.rs

@@ -1,10 +1,9 @@
 use std::error::Error;
 
-use softbuffer::{Context, Surface};
 use tracing::info;
 use winit::application::ApplicationHandler;
 use winit::event::WindowEvent;
-use winit::event_loop::{ActiveEventLoop, EventLoop, OwnedDisplayHandle};
+use winit::event_loop::{ActiveEventLoop, EventLoop};
 use winit::window::{Window, WindowAttributes, WindowId};
 
 #[path = "util/fill.rs"]
@@ -17,24 +16,27 @@ fn main() -> Result<(), Box<dyn Error>> {
 
     let event_loop = EventLoop::new()?;
 
-    let app = Application::default();
+    let app = Application::new();
     Ok(event_loop.run_app(app)?)
 }
 
 /// Application state and event handling.
-#[derive(Default, Debug)]
+#[derive(Debug)]
 struct Application {
-    surface: Option<Surface<OwnedDisplayHandle, Box<dyn Window>>>,
+    window: Option<Box<dyn Window>>,
+}
+
+impl Application {
+    fn new() -> Self {
+        Self { window: None }
+    }
 }
 
 impl ApplicationHandler for Application {
     fn can_create_surfaces(&mut self, event_loop: &dyn ActiveEventLoop) {
         let window_attributes =
             WindowAttributes::default().with_title("Drag and drop files on me!");
-        let window = event_loop.create_window(window_attributes).unwrap();
-        let context = Context::new(event_loop.owned_display_handle()).unwrap();
-        let surface = Surface::new(&context, window).unwrap();
-        self.surface = Some(surface);
+        self.window = Some(event_loop.create_window(window_attributes).unwrap());
     }
 
     fn window_event(
@@ -51,9 +53,9 @@ impl ApplicationHandler for Application {
                 info!("{event:?}");
             },
             WindowEvent::RedrawRequested => {
-                let surface = self.surface.as_mut().unwrap();
-                surface.window().pre_present_notify();
-                fill::fill(surface);
+                let window = self.window.as_ref().unwrap();
+                window.pre_present_notify();
+                fill::fill_window(window.as_ref());
             },
             WindowEvent::CloseRequested => {
                 event_loop.exit();

winit/examples/ime.rs

@@ -9,11 +9,10 @@ use std::cmp;
 use std::error::Error;
 
 use dpi::{LogicalPosition, PhysicalSize};
-use softbuffer::{Context, Surface};
 use tracing::{error, info};
 use winit::application::ApplicationHandler;
 use winit::event::{Ime, WindowEvent};
-use winit::event_loop::{ActiveEventLoop, EventLoop, OwnedDisplayHandle};
+use winit::event_loop::{ActiveEventLoop, EventLoop};
 use winit::keyboard::{Key, ModifiersState, NamedKey};
 #[cfg(web_platform)]
 use winit::platform::web::WindowAttributesWeb;
@@ -31,7 +30,7 @@ const IME_CURSOR_SIZE: PhysicalSize<u32> = PhysicalSize::new(20, 20);
 
 #[derive(Debug)]
 struct App {
-    surface: Option<Surface<OwnedDisplayHandle, Box<dyn Window>>>,
+    window: Option<Box<dyn Window>>,
     input_state: TextInputState,
     modifiers: ModifiersState,
 }
@@ -74,12 +73,14 @@ impl ApplicationHandler for App {
         #[cfg(web_platform)]
         let window_attributes = WindowAttributes::default()
             .with_platform_attributes(Box::new(WindowAttributesWeb::default().with_append(true)));
-        let window = event_loop.create_window(window_attributes).expect("failed creating window");
-
-        let context =
-            Context::new(event_loop.owned_display_handle()).expect("failed creating context");
-        let surface = Surface::new(&context, window).expect("failed creating surface");
-        self.surface = Some(surface);
+        self.window = match event_loop.create_window(window_attributes) {
+            Ok(window) => Some(window),
+            Err(err) => {
+                error!("error creating window: {err}");
+                event_loop.exit();
+                return;
+            },
+        };
 
         // Allow IME out of the box.
         let enable_request = ImeEnableRequest::new(
@@ -100,13 +101,11 @@ impl ApplicationHandler for App {
         match event {
             WindowEvent::CloseRequested => {
                 info!("Close was requested; stopping");
-                self.surface = None;
+                self.window = None;
                 event_loop.exit();
             },
-            WindowEvent::SurfaceResized(surface_size) => {
-                let surface = self.surface.as_mut().expect("resize event without a surface");
-                fill::resize(surface, surface_size);
-                surface.window().request_redraw();
+            WindowEvent::SurfaceResized(_) => {
+                self.window.as_ref().expect("resize event without a window").request_redraw();
             },
             WindowEvent::RedrawRequested => {
                 // Redraw the application.
@@ -115,13 +114,13 @@ impl ApplicationHandler for App {
                 // this event rather than in AboutToWait, since rendering in here allows
                 // the program to gracefully handle redraws requested by the OS.
 
-                let surface = self.surface.as_mut().expect("redraw event without a surface");
+                let window = self.window.as_ref().expect("redraw request without a window");
 
                 // Notify that you're about to draw.
-                surface.window().pre_present_notify();
+                window.pre_present_notify();
 
                 // Draw.
-                fill::fill(surface);
+                fill::fill_window(window.as_ref());
 
                 // For contiguous redraw loop you can request a redraw from here.
                 // window.request_redraw();
@@ -215,14 +214,14 @@ impl App {
     }
 
     fn handle_ime_event(&mut self, event: Ime) {
-        let surface = self.surface.as_ref().expect("IME request without a window");
+        let window = self.window.as_ref().expect("IME request without a window");
         match event {
-            Ime::Enabled => info!("IME enabled for Window={:?}", surface.window().id()),
+            Ime::Enabled => info!("IME enabled for Window={:?}", window.id()),
             Ime::Preedit(text, caret_pos) => info!("Preedit: {text}, with caret at {caret_pos:?}"),
             Ime::Commit(text) => {
                 self.input_state.append_text(&text);
                 let request_data = self.get_ime_update();
-                surface.window().request_ime_update(ImeRequest::Update(request_data)).unwrap();
+                window.request_ime_update(ImeRequest::Update(request_data)).unwrap();
                 self.print_input_state();
             },
             Ime::DeleteSurrounding { before_bytes, after_bytes } => {
@@ -247,7 +246,7 @@ impl App {
                     error!("Buggy IME tried to delete with indices not on char boundary.");
                 }
             },
-            Ime::Disabled => info!("IME disabled for Window={:?}", surface.window().id()),
+            Ime::Disabled => info!("IME disabled for Window={:?}", window.id()),
         }
     }
 
@@ -313,7 +312,7 @@ impl App {
     }
 
     fn window(&self) -> &dyn Window {
-        self.surface.as_ref().unwrap().window().as_ref()
+        self.window.as_ref().unwrap().as_ref()
     }
 }
 
@@ -356,7 +355,7 @@ Use CTRL+h to cycle content hint permutations.
     );
 
     let app = App {
-        surface: None,
+        window: None,
         input_state: TextInputState {
             ime_enabled: true,
             contents: String::new(),

winit/examples/pump_events.rs

@@ -7,12 +7,11 @@ fn main() -> std::process::ExitCode {
     use std::thread::sleep;
     use std::time::Duration;
 
-    use softbuffer::{Context, Surface};
     use tracing::info;
     use winit::application::ApplicationHandler;
     use winit::event::WindowEvent;
     use winit::event_loop::pump_events::{EventLoopExtPumpEvents, PumpStatus};
-    use winit::event_loop::{ActiveEventLoop, EventLoop, OwnedDisplayHandle};
+    use winit::event_loop::{ActiveEventLoop, EventLoop};
     use winit::window::{Window, WindowAttributes, WindowId};
 
     #[path = "util/fill.rs"]
@@ -22,16 +21,13 @@ fn main() -> std::process::ExitCode {
 
     #[derive(Default, Debug)]
     struct PumpDemo {
-        surface: Option<Surface<OwnedDisplayHandle, Box<dyn Window>>>,
+        window: Option<Box<dyn Window>>,
     }
 
     impl ApplicationHandler for PumpDemo {
         fn can_create_surfaces(&mut self, event_loop: &dyn ActiveEventLoop) {
             let window_attributes = WindowAttributes::default().with_title("A fantastic window!");
-            let window = event_loop.create_window(window_attributes).unwrap();
-
-            let context = Context::new(event_loop.owned_display_handle()).unwrap();
-            self.surface = Some(Surface::new(&context, window).unwrap());
+            self.window = Some(event_loop.create_window(window_attributes).unwrap());
         }
 
         fn window_event(
@@ -42,16 +38,16 @@ fn main() -> std::process::ExitCode {
         ) {
             info!("{event:?}");
 
-            let surface = match self.surface.as_mut() {
-                Some(surface) => surface,
+            let window = match self.window.as_ref() {
+                Some(window) => window,
                 None => return,
             };
 
             match event {
                 WindowEvent::CloseRequested => event_loop.exit(),
                 WindowEvent::RedrawRequested => {
-                    fill::fill(surface);
-                    surface.window().request_redraw();
+                    fill::fill_window(window.as_ref());
+                    window.request_redraw();
                 },
                 _ => (),
             }

winit/examples/run_on_demand.rs

@@ -5,12 +5,11 @@
 fn main() -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
     use std::time::Duration;
 
-    use softbuffer::{Context, Surface};
     use tracing::info;
     use winit::application::ApplicationHandler;
     use winit::event::WindowEvent;
     use winit::event_loop::run_on_demand::EventLoopExtRunOnDemand;
-    use winit::event_loop::{ActiveEventLoop, EventLoop, OwnedDisplayHandle};
+    use winit::event_loop::{ActiveEventLoop, EventLoop};
     use winit::window::{Window, WindowAttributes, WindowId};
 
     #[path = "util/fill.rs"]
@@ -18,30 +17,27 @@ fn main() -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
     #[path = "util/tracing.rs"]
     mod tracing;
 
-    #[derive(Debug)]
+    #[derive(Default, Debug)]
     struct App {
-        context: Context<OwnedDisplayHandle>,
         idx: usize,
-        surface: Option<Surface<OwnedDisplayHandle, Box<dyn Window>>>,
         window_id: Option<WindowId>,
+        window: Option<Box<dyn Window>>,
     }
 
     impl ApplicationHandler for App {
         fn about_to_wait(&mut self, _event_loop: &dyn ActiveEventLoop) {
-            if let Some(surface) = self.surface.as_ref() {
-                surface.window().request_redraw();
+            if let Some(window) = self.window.as_ref() {
+                window.request_redraw();
             }
         }
 
         fn can_create_surfaces(&mut self, event_loop: &dyn ActiveEventLoop) {
             let window_attributes = WindowAttributes::default()
-                .with_title(format!("Fantastic window number {}!", self.idx))
+                .with_title("Fantastic window number one!")
                 .with_surface_size(winit::dpi::LogicalSize::new(128.0, 128.0));
             let window = event_loop.create_window(window_attributes).unwrap();
             self.window_id = Some(window.id());
-
-            let surface = Surface::new(&self.context, window).unwrap();
-            self.surface = Some(surface);
+            self.window = Some(window);
         }
 
         fn window_event(
@@ -57,17 +53,19 @@ fn main() -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
                 return;
             }
 
-            let Some(surface) = self.surface.as_mut() else {
-                return;
+            let window = match self.window.as_mut() {
+                Some(window) => window,
+                None => return,
             };
 
             match event {
                 WindowEvent::CloseRequested => {
                     info!("Window {} CloseRequested", self.idx);
-                    self.surface = None;
+                    fill::cleanup_window(window.as_ref());
+                    self.window = None;
                 },
                 WindowEvent::RedrawRequested => {
-                    fill::fill(surface);
+                    fill::fill_window(window.as_ref());
                 },
                 _ => (),
             }
@@ -78,8 +76,7 @@ fn main() -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
 
     let mut event_loop = EventLoop::new().unwrap();
 
-    let context = Context::new(event_loop.owned_display_handle()).unwrap();
-    let mut app = App { context, idx: 1, surface: None, window_id: None };
+    let mut app = App { idx: 1, ..Default::default() };
     event_loop.run_app_on_demand(&mut app)?;
 
     info!("Finished first loop");

winit/examples/util/fill.rs

@@ -1,43 +1,115 @@
+//! Fill the window buffer with a solid color.
+//!
+//! Launching a window without drawing to it has unpredictable results varying from platform to
+//! platform. In order to have well-defined examples, this module provides an easy way to
+//! fill the window buffer with a solid color.
+//!
+//! The `softbuffer` crate is used, largely because of its ease of use. `glutin` or `wgpu` could
+//! also be used to fill the window buffer, but they are more complicated to use.
+
+use std::cell::RefCell;
+use std::collections::HashMap;
+use std::mem;
+use std::mem::ManuallyDrop;
 use std::num::NonZeroU32;
+#[cfg(not(web_platform))]
+use std::time::Instant;
 
-use rwh_06::{HasDisplayHandle, HasWindowHandle};
-use softbuffer::Surface;
-use winit::window::Window;
+use softbuffer::{Context, Surface};
+#[cfg(web_platform)]
+use web_time::Instant;
+use winit::window::{Window, WindowId};
 
-/// Resize the surface.
-pub fn resize(
-    surface: &mut Surface<impl HasDisplayHandle, impl HasWindowHandle>,
-    surface_size: dpi::PhysicalSize<u32>,
-) {
-    // Handle zero-sized buffers.
+thread_local! {
+    // NOTE: You should never do things like that, create context and drop it before
+    // you drop the event loop. We do this for brevity to not blow up examples. We use
+    // ManuallyDrop to prevent destructors from running.
     //
-    // FIXME(madsmtm): This should be done by softbuffer internally in the future:
-    // https://github.com/rust-windowing/softbuffer/issues/238
-    let (Some(width), Some(height)) =
-        (NonZeroU32::new(surface_size.width), NonZeroU32::new(surface_size.height))
-    else {
-        return;
-    };
-
-    surface.resize(width, height).expect("Failed to resize the softbuffer surface");
+    // A static, thread-local map of graphics contexts to open windows.
+    static GC: ManuallyDrop<RefCell<Option<GraphicsContext>>> = const { ManuallyDrop::new(RefCell::new(None)) };
 }
 
-/// Fill the window buffer with a solid color.
-pub fn fill_with_color(
-    surface: &mut Surface<impl HasDisplayHandle, impl HasWindowHandle + AsRef<dyn Window>>,
-    color: u32,
-) {
-    let surface_size = surface.window().as_ref().surface_size();
-    resize(surface, surface_size);
+/// The graphics context used to draw to a window.
+struct GraphicsContext {
+    /// The global softbuffer context.
+    context: RefCell<Context<&'static dyn Window>>,
 
-    let mut buffer = surface.buffer_mut().expect("Failed to get the softbuffer buffer");
-    buffer.fill(color);
-    buffer.present().expect("Failed to present the softbuffer buffer");
+    /// The hash map of window IDs to surfaces.
+    surfaces: HashMap<WindowId, Surface<&'static dyn Window, &'static dyn Window>>,
+}
+
+impl GraphicsContext {
+    fn new(w: &dyn Window) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            context: RefCell::new(
+                Context::new(unsafe { mem::transmute::<&'_ dyn Window, &'static dyn Window>(w) })
+                    .expect("Failed to create a softbuffer context"),
+            ),
+            surfaces: HashMap::new(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn create_surface(
+        &mut self,
+        window: &dyn Window,
+    ) -> &mut Surface<&'static dyn Window, &'static dyn Window> {
+        self.surfaces.entry(window.id()).or_insert_with(|| {
+            Surface::new(&self.context.borrow(), unsafe {
+                mem::transmute::<&'_ dyn Window, &'static dyn Window>(window)
+            })
+            .expect("Failed to create a softbuffer surface")
+        })
+    }
+
+    fn destroy_surface(&mut self, window: &dyn Window) {
+        self.surfaces.remove(&window.id());
+    }
+}
+
+pub fn fill_window_with_color(window: &dyn Window, color: u32) {
+    GC.with(|gc| {
+        let size = window.surface_size();
+        let (Some(width), Some(height)) =
+            (NonZeroU32::new(size.width), NonZeroU32::new(size.height))
+        else {
+            return;
+        };
+
+        // Either get the last context used or create a new one.
+        let mut gc = gc.borrow_mut();
+        let surface = gc.get_or_insert_with(|| GraphicsContext::new(window)).create_surface(window);
+
+        // Fill a buffer with a solid color
+
+        surface.resize(width, height).expect("Failed to resize the softbuffer surface");
+
+        let mut buffer = surface.buffer_mut().expect("Failed to get the softbuffer buffer");
+        buffer.fill(color);
+        buffer.present().expect("Failed to present the softbuffer buffer");
+    })
 }
 
 #[allow(dead_code)]
-pub fn fill(
-    surface: &mut Surface<impl HasDisplayHandle, impl HasWindowHandle + AsRef<dyn Window>>,
-) {
-    fill_with_color(surface, 0xff181818);
+pub fn fill_window(window: &dyn Window) {
+    fill_window_with_color(window, 0xff181818);
+}
+
+#[allow(dead_code)]
+pub fn fill_window_with_animated_color(window: &dyn Window, start: Instant) {
+    let time = start.elapsed().as_secs_f32() * 1.5;
+    let blue = (time.sin() * 255.0) as u32;
+    let green = ((time.cos() * 255.0) as u32) << 8;
+    let red = ((1.0 - time.sin() * 255.0) as u32) << 16;
+    let color = red | green | blue;
+    fill_window_with_color(window, color);
+}
+
+#[allow(dead_code)]
+pub fn cleanup_window(window: &dyn Window) {
+    GC.with(|gc| {
+        let mut gc = gc.borrow_mut();
+        if let Some(context) = gc.as_mut() {
+            context.destroy_surface(window);
+        }
+    });
 }

winit/examples/window.rs

@@ -2,11 +2,10 @@
 
 use std::error::Error;
 
-use softbuffer::{Context, Surface};
-use tracing::info;
+use tracing::{error, info};
 use winit::application::ApplicationHandler;
 use winit::event::WindowEvent;
-use winit::event_loop::{ActiveEventLoop, EventLoop, OwnedDisplayHandle};
+use winit::event_loop::{ActiveEventLoop, EventLoop};
 #[cfg(web_platform)]
 use winit::platform::web::WindowAttributesWeb;
 use winit::window::{Window, WindowAttributes, WindowId};
@@ -18,7 +17,7 @@ mod tracing;
 
 #[derive(Default, Debug)]
 struct App {
-    surface: Option<Surface<OwnedDisplayHandle, Box<dyn Window>>>,
+    window: Option<Box<dyn Window>>,
 }
 
 impl ApplicationHandler for App {
@@ -28,12 +27,14 @@ impl ApplicationHandler for App {
         #[cfg(web_platform)]
         let window_attributes = WindowAttributes::default()
             .with_platform_attributes(Box::new(WindowAttributesWeb::default().with_append(true)));
-        let window = event_loop.create_window(window_attributes).expect("failed creating window");
-
-        let context =
-            Context::new(event_loop.owned_display_handle()).expect("failed creating context");
-        let surface = Surface::new(&context, window).expect("failed creating surface");
-        self.surface = Some(surface);
+        self.window = match event_loop.create_window(window_attributes) {
+            Ok(window) => Some(window),
+            Err(err) => {
+                error!("error creating window: {err}");
+                event_loop.exit();
+                return;
+            },
+        }
     }
 
     fn window_event(&mut self, event_loop: &dyn ActiveEventLoop, _: WindowId, event: WindowEvent) {
@@ -43,10 +44,8 @@ impl ApplicationHandler for App {
                 info!("Close was requested; stopping");
                 event_loop.exit();
             },
-            WindowEvent::SurfaceResized(surface_size) => {
-                let surface = self.surface.as_mut().expect("resize event without a surface");
-                fill::resize(surface, surface_size);
-                surface.window().request_redraw();
+            WindowEvent::SurfaceResized(_) => {
+                self.window.as_ref().expect("resize event without a window").request_redraw();
             },
             WindowEvent::RedrawRequested => {
                 // Redraw the application.
@@ -55,15 +54,13 @@ impl ApplicationHandler for App {
                 // this event rather than in AboutToWait, since rendering in here allows
                 // the program to gracefully handle redraws requested by the OS.
 
-                let surface = self.surface.as_mut().expect("redraw event without a surface");
+                let window = self.window.as_ref().expect("redraw request without a window");
 
                 // Notify that you're about to draw.
-                surface.window().pre_present_notify();
+                window.pre_present_notify();
 
                 // Draw.
-                let mut buffer = surface.buffer_mut().expect("Failed to get the softbuffer buffer");
-                buffer.fill(0xff181818);
-                buffer.present().expect("Failed to present the softbuffer buffer");
+                fill::fill_window(window.as_ref());
 
                 // For contiguous redraw loop you can request a redraw from here.
                 // window.request_redraw();

winit/examples/x11_embed.rs

@@ -3,10 +3,9 @@ use std::error::Error;
 
 #[cfg(x11_platform)]
 fn main() -> Result<(), Box<dyn Error>> {
-    use softbuffer::{Context, Surface};
     use winit::application::ApplicationHandler;
     use winit::event::WindowEvent;
-    use winit::event_loop::{ActiveEventLoop, EventLoop, OwnedDisplayHandle};
+    use winit::event_loop::{ActiveEventLoop, EventLoop};
     use winit::platform::x11::WindowAttributesX11;
     use winit::window::{Window, WindowAttributes, WindowId};
 
@@ -18,7 +17,7 @@ fn main() -> Result<(), Box<dyn Error>> {
     #[derive(Debug)]
     pub struct XEmbedDemo {
         parent_window_id: u32,
-        surface: Option<Surface<OwnedDisplayHandle, Box<dyn Window>>>,
+        window: Option<Box<dyn Window>>,
     }
 
     impl ApplicationHandler for XEmbedDemo {
@@ -30,10 +29,7 @@ fn main() -> Result<(), Box<dyn Error>> {
                 WindowAttributesX11::default().with_embed_parent_window(self.parent_window_id);
             window_attributes = window_attributes.with_platform_attributes(Box::new(x11_attrs));
 
-            let window = event_loop.create_window(window_attributes).unwrap();
-            let context = Context::new(event_loop.owned_display_handle()).unwrap();
-            let surface = Surface::new(&context, window).unwrap();
-            self.surface = Some(surface);
+            self.window = Some(event_loop.create_window(window_attributes).unwrap());
         }
 
         fn window_event(
@@ -42,19 +38,19 @@ fn main() -> Result<(), Box<dyn Error>> {
             _window_id: WindowId,
             event: WindowEvent,
         ) {
+            let window = self.window.as_ref().unwrap();
             match event {
                 WindowEvent::CloseRequested => event_loop.exit(),
                 WindowEvent::RedrawRequested => {
-                    let surface = self.surface.as_mut().unwrap();
-                    surface.window().pre_present_notify();
-                    fill::fill(surface);
+                    window.pre_present_notify();
+                    fill::fill_window(window.as_ref());
                 },
                 _ => (),
             }
         }
 
         fn about_to_wait(&mut self, _event_loop: &dyn ActiveEventLoop) {
-            self.surface.as_ref().unwrap().window().request_redraw();
+            self.window.as_ref().unwrap().request_redraw();
         }
     }
 
@@ -67,7 +63,7 @@ fn main() -> Result<(), Box<dyn Error>> {
     tracing::init();
     let event_loop = EventLoop::new()?;
 
-    Ok(event_loop.run_app(XEmbedDemo { parent_window_id, surface: None })?)
+    Ok(event_loop.run_app(XEmbedDemo { parent_window_id, window: None })?)
 }
 
 #[cfg(not(x11_platform))]

winit/src/changelog/unreleased.md

@@ -48,8 +48,6 @@ changelog entry.
 - Implement `Send` and `Sync` for `OwnedDisplayHandle`.
 - Use new macOS 15 cursors for resize icons.
 - On Android, added scancode conversions for more obscure key codes.
-- On Wayland, added `HoldGesture` event for multi-finger hold gestures
-- On Wayland, added ext-background-effect-v1 support.
 
 ### Changed
 
@@ -58,12 +56,7 @@ changelog entry.
 
 ### Fixed
 
-- On Windows, fix a freeze that occurs when the keyboard layout is switched by
-  tools such as Punto Switcher. The `WM_INPUTLANGCHANGE` message is now handled
-  to refresh the cached keyboard layout, while still deferring to
-  `DefWindowProc` for normal propagation.
 - On Redox, handle `EINTR` when reading from `event_socket` instead of panicking.
 - On Wayland, switch from using the `ahash` hashing algorithm to `foldhash`.
 - On macOS, fix borderless game presentation options not sticking after switching spaces.
 - On macOS, fix IME being locked on (regardless of requests to disable) after being enabled once.
-- On macOS, fix a panic and incorrect cursor position in Ime::Preedit when the preedit string contains special characters (ie. emojis) caused by incorrect UTF-16 to UTF-8 offset conversion.