Relase alpha 6 (#1338)

* Relase alpha 6

* Update CHANGELOG.md

Co-authored-by: Freya Gentz <zegentzy@protonmail.com>

.github/PULL_REQUEST_TEMPLATE.md

@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 - [ ] Tested on all platforms changed
+- [ ] Compilation warnings were addressed
 - [ ] `cargo fmt` has been run on this branch
+- [ ] `cargo doc` builds successfully
 - [ ] Added an entry to `CHANGELOG.md` if knowledge of this change could be valuable to users
 - [ ] Updated documentation to reflect any user-facing changes, including notes of platform-specific behavior
 - [ ] Created or updated an example program if it would help users understand this functionality

.gitignore

@@ -2,5 +2,9 @@ Cargo.lock
 target/
 rls/
 .vscode/
+util/
 *~
+*.wasm
+*.ts
+*.js
 #*#

.travis.yml

@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ matrix:
       os: osx
       rust: stable
 
-    # iOS
+    # iOS x86_64
     - env: TARGET=x86_64-apple-ios
       os: osx
       rust: nightly
@@ -42,18 +42,60 @@ matrix:
       os: osx
       rust: stable
 
+    # iOS armv7
+    - env: TARGET=armv7-apple-ios
+      os: osx
+      rust: nightly
+    - env: TARGET=armv7-apple-ios
+      os: osx
+      rust: stable
+
+    # iOS arm64
+    - env: TARGET=aarch64-apple-ios
+      os: osx
+      rust: nightly
+    - env: TARGET=aarch64-apple-ios
+      os: osx
+      rust: stable
+
+    # wasm stdweb
+    - env: TARGET=wasm32-unknown-unknown WEB=web FEATURES=stdweb
+      os: linux
+      rust: stable
+    - env: TARGET=wasm32-unknown-unknown WEB=web FEATURES=stdweb
+      os: linux
+      rust: nightly
+    # wasm web-sys
+    - env: TARGET=wasm32-unknown-unknown FEATURES=web-sys
+      os: linux
+      rust: stable
+    - env: TARGET=wasm32-unknown-unknown FEATURES=web-sys
+      os: linux
+      rust: nightly
+
 install:
   - rustup self update
   - rustup target add $TARGET; true
-  - rustup component add rustfmt
+  - rustup toolchain install stable
+  - rustup component add rustfmt --toolchain stable
 
 script:
-  - cargo fmt --all -- --check
-  - cargo build --target $TARGET --verbose
-  - cargo build --target $TARGET --features serde --verbose
-  # Running iOS apps on OSX requires the simulator so we skip that for now
-  - if [ "$TARGET" != "x86_64-apple-ios" ]; then cargo test --target $TARGET --verbose; fi
-  - if [ "$TARGET" != "x86_64-apple-ios" ]; then cargo test --target $TARGET --features serde --verbose; fi
+  - cargo +stable fmt --all -- --check
+  # Ensure that the documentation builds properly.
+  - cargo doc --no-deps
+  # Install cargo-web to build stdweb
+  - if [[ $WEB = "web" ]]; then cargo install -f cargo-web; fi
+  # Build without serde then with serde
+  - if [[ -z "$FEATURES" ]]; then
+      cargo $WEB build --target $TARGET --verbose;
+    else
+      cargo $WEB build --target $TARGET --features $FEATURES --verbose;
+    fi
+  - cargo $WEB build --target $TARGET --features serde,$FEATURES --verbose
+  # Running iOS apps on macOS requires the Simulator so we skip that for now
+  # The web targets also don't support running tests
+  - if [[ $TARGET != *-apple-ios && $TARGET != wasm32-* ]]; then cargo test --target $TARGET --verbose; fi
+  - if [[ $TARGET != *-apple-ios && $TARGET != wasm32-* ]]; then cargo test --target $TARGET --features serde --verbose; fi
 
 after_success:
   - |

CHANGELOG.md

@@ -1,6 +1,128 @@
 # Unreleased
 
-# 0.20.0 Alpha 2 (2019-06-28)
+# 0.20.0 Alpha 6 (2020-01-03)
+
+- On macOS, fix `set_cursor_visible` hides cursor outside of window.
+- On macOS, fix `CursorEntered` and `CursorLeft` events fired at old window size.
+- On macOS, fix error when `set_fullscreen` is called during fullscreen transition.
+- On all platforms except mobile and WASM, implement `Window::set_minimized`.
+- On X11, fix `CursorEntered` event being generated for non-winit windows.
+- On macOS, fix crash when starting maximized without decorations.
+- On macOS, fix application not to terminate on `run_return`.
+- On Wayland, fix cursor icon updates on window borders when using CSD.
+- On Wayland, under mutter(GNOME Wayland), fix CSD being behind the status bar, when starting window in maximized mode.
+- On Windows, theme the title bar according to whether the system theme is "Light" or "Dark".
+- Added `WindowEvent::ThemeChanged` variant to handle changes to the system theme. Currently only implemented on Windows.
+- **Breaking**: Changes to the `RedrawRequested` event (#1041):
+  - `RedrawRequested` has been moved from `WindowEvent` to `Event`.
+  - `EventsCleared` has been renamed to `MainEventsCleared`.
+  - `RedrawRequested` is now issued only after `MainEventsCleared`.
+  - `RedrawEventsCleared` is issued after each set of `RedrawRequested` events.
+- Implement synthetic window focus key events on Windows.
+- **Breaking**: Change `ModifiersState` to a `bitflags` struct.
+- On Windows, implement `VirtualKeyCode` translation for `LWin` and `RWin`.
+- On Windows, fix closing the last opened window causing `DeviceEvent`s to stop getting emitted.
+- On Windows, fix `Window::set_visible` not setting internal flags correctly. This resulted in some weird behavior.
+- Add `DeviceEvent::ModifiersChanged`.
+  - Deprecate `modifiers` fields in other events in favor of `ModifiersChanged`.
+- On X11, `WINIT_HIDPI_FACTOR` now dominates `Xft.dpi` when picking DPI factor for output.
+- On X11, add special value `randr` for `WINIT_HIDPI_FACTOR` to make winit use self computed DPI factor instead of the one from `Xft.dpi`.
+
+# 0.20.0 Alpha 5 (2019-12-09)
+
+- On macOS, fix application termination on `ControlFlow::Exit`
+- On Windows, fix missing `ReceivedCharacter` events when Alt is held.
+- On macOS, stop emitting private corporate characters in `ReceivedCharacter` events.
+- On X11, fix misreporting DPI factor at startup.
+- On X11, fix events not being reported when using `run_return`.
+- On X11, fix key modifiers being incorrectly reported.
+- On X11, fix window creation hanging when another window is fullscreen.
+- On Windows, fix focusing unfocused windows when switching from fullscreen to windowed.
+- On X11, fix reporting incorrect DPI factor when waking from suspend.
+- Change `EventLoopClosed` to contain the original event.
+- **Breaking**: Add `is_synthetic` field to `WindowEvent` variant `KeyboardInput`,
+  indicating that the event is generated by winit.
+- On X11, generate synthetic key events for keys held when a window gains or loses focus.
+- On X11, issue a `CursorMoved` event when a `Touch` event occurs,
+  as X11 implicitly moves the cursor for such events.
+
+# 0.20.0 Alpha 4 (2019-10-18)
+
+- Add web support via the 'stdweb' or 'web-sys' features
+- On Windows, implemented function to get HINSTANCE
+- On macOS, implement `run_return`.
+- On iOS, fix inverted parameter in `set_prefers_home_indicator_hidden`.
+- On X11, performance is improved when rapidly calling `Window::set_cursor_icon`.
+- On iOS, fix improper `msg_send` usage that was UB and/or would break if `!` is stabilized.
+- On Windows, unset `maximized` when manually changing the window's position or size.
+- On Windows, add touch pressure information for touch events.
+- On macOS, differentiate between `CursorIcon::Grab` and `CursorIcon::Grabbing`.
+- On Wayland, fix event processing sometimes stalling when using OpenGL with vsync.
+- Officially remove the Emscripten backend.
+- On Windows, fix handling of surrogate pairs when dispatching `ReceivedCharacter`.
+- On macOS 10.15, fix freeze upon exiting exclusive fullscreen mode.
+- On iOS, fix panic upon closing the app.
+- On X11, allow setting mulitple `XWindowType`s.
+- On iOS, fix null window on initial `HiDpiFactorChanged` event.
+- On Windows, fix fullscreen window shrinking upon getting restored to a normal window.
+- On macOS, fix events not being emitted during modal loops, such as when windows are being resized
+  by the user.
+- On Windows, fix hovering the mouse over the active window creating an endless stream of CursorMoved events.
+- Always dispatch a `RedrawRequested` event after creating a new window.
+- On X11, return dummy monitor data to avoid panicking when no monitors exist.
+- On X11, prevent stealing input focus when creating a new window.
+  Only steal input focus when entering fullscreen mode.
+- On Wayland, fixed DeviceEvents for relative mouse movement is not always produced
+- On Wayland, add support for set_cursor_visible and set_cursor_grab.
+- On Wayland, fixed DeviceEvents for relative mouse movement is not always produced.
+- Removed `derivative` crate dependency.
+- On Wayland, add support for set_cursor_icon.
+- Use `impl Iterator<Item = MonitorHandle>` instead of `AvailableMonitorsIter` consistently.
+- On macOS, fix fullscreen state being updated after entering fullscreen instead of before,
+  resulting in `Window::fullscreen` returning the old state in `Resized` events instead of
+  reflecting the new fullscreen state
+- On X11, fix use-after-free during window creation
+- On Windows, disable monitor change keyboard shortcut while in exclusive fullscreen.
+- On Windows, ensure that changing a borderless fullscreen window's monitor via keyboard shortcuts keeps the window fullscreen on the new monitor.
+- Prevent `EventLoop::new` and `EventLoop::with_user_event` from getting called outside the main thread.
+  - This is because some platforms cannot run the event loop outside the main thread. Preventing this
+    reduces the potential for cross-platform compatibility gotchyas.
+- On Windows and Linux X11/Wayland, add platform-specific functions for creating an `EventLoop` outside the main thread.
+- On Wayland, drop resize events identical to the current window size.
+
+# 0.20.0 Alpha 3 (2019-08-14)
+
+- On macOS, drop the run closure on exit.
+- On Windows, location of `WindowEvent::Touch` are window client coordinates instead of screen coordinates.
+- On X11, fix delayed events after window redraw.
+- On macOS, add `WindowBuilderExt::with_disallow_hidpi` to have the option to turn off best resolution openGL surface.
+- On Windows, screen saver won't start if the window is in fullscreen mode.
+- Change all occurrences of the `new_user_event` method to `with_user_event`.
+- On macOS, the dock and the menu bar are now hidden in fullscreen mode.
+- `Window::set_fullscreen` now takes `Option<Fullscreen>` where `Fullscreen`
+  consists of `Fullscreen::Exclusive(VideoMode)` and
+  `Fullscreen::Borderless(MonitorHandle)` variants.
+    - Adds support for exclusive fullscreen mode.
+- On iOS, add support for hiding the home indicator.
+- On iOS, add support for deferring system gestures.
+- On iOS, fix a crash that occurred while acquiring a monitor's name.
+- On iOS, fix armv7-apple-ios compile target.
+- Removed the `T: Clone` requirement from the `Clone` impl of `EventLoopProxy<T>`.
+- On iOS, disable overscan compensation for external displays (removes black
+  bars surrounding the image).
+- On Linux, the functions `is_wayland`, `is_x11`, `xlib_xconnection` and `wayland_display` have been moved to a new `EventLoopWindowTargetExtUnix` trait.
+- On iOS, add `set_prefers_status_bar_hidden` extension function instead of
+  hijacking `set_decorations` for this purpose.
+- On macOS and iOS, corrected the auto trait impls of `EventLoopProxy`.
+- On iOS, add touch pressure information for touch events.
+- Implement `raw_window_handle::HasRawWindowHandle` for `Window` type on all supported platforms.
+- On macOS, fix the signature of `-[NSView drawRect:]`.
+- On iOS, fix the behavior of `ControlFlow::Poll`. It wasn't polling if that was the only mode ever used by the application.
+- On iOS, fix DPI sent out by views on creation was `0.0` - now it gives a reasonable number.
+- On iOS, RedrawRequested now works for gl/metal backed views.
+- On iOS, RedrawRequested is generally ordered after EventsCleared.
+
+# 0.20.0 Alpha 2 (2019-07-09)
 
 - On X11, non-resizable windows now have maximize explicitly disabled.
 - On Windows, support paths longer than MAX_PATH (260 characters) in `WindowEvent::DroppedFile`

Cargo.toml

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 [package]
 name = "winit"
-version = "0.20.0-alpha2"
+version = "0.20.0-alpha6"
 authors = ["The winit contributors", "Pierre Krieger <pierre.krieger1708@gmail.com>"]
 description = "Cross-platform window creation library."
 edition = "2018"
@@ -14,12 +14,18 @@ categories = ["gui"]
 [package.metadata.docs.rs]
 features = ["serde"]
 
+[features]
+web-sys = ["web_sys", "wasm-bindgen", "instant/wasm-bindgen"]
+stdweb = ["std_web", "instant/stdweb"]
+
 [dependencies]
+instant = "0.1"
 lazy_static = "1"
-libc = "0.2"
+libc = "0.2.64"
 log = "0.4"
 serde = { version = "1", optional = true, features = ["serde_derive"] }
-derivative = "1.0.2"
+raw-window-handle = "0.3"
+bitflags = "1"
 
 [dev-dependencies]
 image = "0.21"
@@ -32,7 +38,7 @@ version = "0.2"
 objc = "0.2.3"
 
 [target.'cfg(target_os = "macos")'.dependencies]
-cocoa = "0.18.4"
+cocoa = "0.19.1"
 core-foundation = "0.6"
 core-graphics = "0.17.3"
 dispatch = "0.1.4"
@@ -43,9 +49,6 @@ version = "0.1.3"
 default_features = false
 features = ["display_link"]
 
-[target.'cfg(target_os = "windows")'.dependencies]
-bitflags = "1"
-
 [target.'cfg(target_os = "windows")'.dependencies.winapi]
 version = "0.3.6"
 features = [
@@ -75,7 +78,43 @@ wayland-client = { version = "0.23.0", features = [ "dlopen", "egl", "cursor", "
 calloop = "0.4.2"
 smithay-client-toolkit = "0.6"
 x11-dl = "2.18.3"
-percent-encoding = "1.0"
+percent-encoding = "2.0"
 
 [target.'cfg(any(target_os = "linux", target_os = "dragonfly", target_os = "freebsd", target_os = "openbsd", target_os = "netbsd", target_os = "windows"))'.dependencies.parking_lot]
-version = "0.8"
+version = "0.10"
+
+[target.'cfg(target_arch = "wasm32")'.dependencies.web_sys]
+package = "web-sys"
+version = "0.3.22"
+optional = true
+features = [
+    'console',
+    'BeforeUnloadEvent',
+    'Document',
+    'DomRect',
+    'Element',
+    'Event',
+    'EventTarget',
+    'FocusEvent',
+    'HtmlCanvasElement',
+    'HtmlElement',
+    'KeyboardEvent',
+    'MouseEvent',
+    'Node',
+    'PointerEvent',
+    'Window',
+    'WheelEvent'
+]
+
+[target.'cfg(target_arch = "wasm32")'.dependencies.wasm-bindgen]
+version = "0.2.45"
+optional = true
+
+[target.'cfg(target_arch = "wasm32")'.dependencies.std_web]
+package = "stdweb"
+version = "=0.4.20"
+optional = true
+features = ["experimental_features_which_may_break_on_minor_version_bumps"]
+
+[target.'cfg(target_arch = "wasm32")'.dev-dependencies]
+console_log = "0.1"

FEATURES.md

@@ -12,7 +12,6 @@ be used to create both games and applications. It supports the main graphical pl
   - iOS
   - Android
 - Web
-  - via Emscripten
   - via WASM
 
 Most platforms expose capabilities that cannot be meaningfully transposed onto others. Winit does not
@@ -81,9 +80,13 @@ If your PR makes notable changes to Winit's features, please update this section
 - **Window maximization**: The windows created by winit can be maximized upon creation.
 - **Window maximization toggle**: The windows created by winit can be maximized and unmaximized after
   creation.
+- **Window minimization**: The windows created by winit can be minimized after creation.
 - **Fullscreen**: The windows created by winit can be put into fullscreen mode.
 - **Fullscreen toggle**: The windows created by winit can be switched to and from fullscreen after
   creation.
+- **Exclusive fullscreen**: Winit allows changing the video mode of the monitor
+  for fullscreen windows, and if applicable, captures the monitor for exclusive
+  use by this application.
 - **HiDPI support**: Winit assists developers in appropriately scaling HiDPI content.
 - **Popup / modal windows**: Windows can be created relative to the client area of other windows, and parent
   windows can be disabled in favor of popup windows. This feature also guarantees that popup windows
@@ -100,6 +103,7 @@ If your PR makes notable changes to Winit's features, please update this section
 - **Cursor grab**: Locking the cursor so it cannot exit the client area of a window.
 - **Cursor icon**: Changing the cursor icon, or hiding the cursor.
 - **Touch events**: Single-touch events.
+- **Touch pressure**: Touch events contain information about the amount of force being applied.
 - **Multitouch**: Multi-touch events, including cancellation of a gesture.
 - **Keyboard events**: Properly processing keyboard events using the user-specified keymap and
   translating keypresses into UTF-8 characters, handling dead keys and IMEs.
@@ -113,6 +117,7 @@ If your PR makes notable changes to Winit's features, please update this section
 * Setting the taskbar icon
 * Setting the parent window
 * `WS_EX_NOREDIRECTIONBITMAP` support
+* Theme the title bar according to Windows 10 Dark Mode setting
 
 ### macOS
 * Window activation policy
@@ -129,6 +134,21 @@ If your PR makes notable changes to Winit's features, please update this section
 * GTK Theme Variant
 * Base window size
 
+### iOS
+* `winit` has a minimum OS requirement of iOS 8
+* Get the `UIWindow` object pointer
+* Get the `UIViewController` object pointer
+* Get the `UIView` object pointer
+* Get the `UIScreen` object pointer
+* Setting the `UIView` hidpi factor
+* Valid orientations
+* Home indicator visibility
+* Status bar visibility
+* Deferrring system gestures
+* Support for custom `UIView` derived class
+* Getting the device idiom
+* Getting the preferred video mode
+
 ## Usability
 * `serde`: Enables serialization/deserialization of certain types with Serde. (Maintainer: @Osspial)
 
@@ -143,55 +163,58 @@ Legend:
 - ❓: Unknown status
 
 ### Windowing
-|Feature                          |Windows|MacOS   |Linux x11   |Linux Wayland  |Android|iOS    |Emscripten|
+|Feature                          |Windows|MacOS   |Linux x11   |Linux Wayland  |Android|iOS    |WASM      |
 |-------------------------------- | ----- | ----   | -------    | -----------   | ----- | ----- | -------- |
-|Window initialization            |✔️     |✔️     |▢[#5]      |✔️             |▢[#33]|▢[#33] |❓        |
-|Providing pointer to init OpenGL |✔️     |✔️     |✔️         |✔️             |✔️     |✔️    |❓        |
-|Providing pointer to init Vulkan |✔️     |✔️     |✔️         |✔️             |✔️     |❓     |**N/A**   |
-|Window decorations               |✔️     |✔️     |✔️         |▢[#306]        |**N/A**|**N/A**|**N/A**   |
-|Window decorations toggle        |✔️     |✔️     |✔️         |✔️             |**N/A**|**N/A**|**N/A**   |
-|Window resizing                  |✔️     |▢[#219]|✔️         |▢[#306]        |**N/A**|**N/A**|❓        |
-|Window resize increments         |❌     |❌     |❌         |❌             |❌    |❌     |❌        |
-|Window transparency              |✔️     |✔️     |✔️         |✔️             |**N/A**|**N/A**|**N/A**   |
-|Window maximization              |✔️     |✔️     |✔️         |✔️             |**N/A**|**N/A**|**N/A**   |
-|Window maximization toggle       |✔️     |✔️     |✔️         |✔️             |**N/A**|**N/A**|**N/A**   |
-|Fullscreen                       |✔️     |✔️     |✔️         |✔️             |**N/A**|**N/A**|❌        |
-|Fullscreen toggle                |✔️     |✔️     |✔️         |✔️             |**N/A**|**N/A**|❌        |
-|HiDPI support                    |✔️     |✔️     |✔️         |✔️             |▢[#721]|✔️    |✔️         |
-|Popup windows                    |❌     |❌     |❌         |❌             |❌    |❌     |❌        |
+|Window initialization            |✔️     |✔️     |▢[#5]      |✔️             |▢[#33]|▢[#33] |✔️        |
+|Providing pointer to init OpenGL |✔️     |✔️     |✔️         |✔️             |✔️     |✔️    |**N/A**|
+|Providing pointer to init Vulkan |✔️     |✔️     |✔️         |✔️             |✔️     |❓     |**N/A**|
+|Window decorations               |✔️     |✔️     |✔️         |▢[#306]        |**N/A**|**N/A**|**N/A**|
+|Window decorations toggle        |✔️     |✔️     |✔️         |✔️             |**N/A**|**N/A**|**N/A**|
+|Window resizing                  |✔️     |▢[#219]|✔️         |▢[#306]        |**N/A**|**N/A**|✔️        |
+|Window resize increments         |❌     |❌     |❌         |❌             |❌    |❌     |**N/A**|
+|Window transparency              |✔️     |✔️     |✔️         |✔️             |**N/A**|**N/A**|N/A        |
+|Window maximization              |✔️     |✔️     |✔️         |✔️             |**N/A**|**N/A**|**N/A**|
+|Window maximization toggle       |✔️     |✔️     |✔️         |✔️             |**N/A**|**N/A**|**N/A**|
+|Window minimization              |✔️     |✔️     |✔️         |✔️             |**N/A**|**N/A**|**N/A**|
+|Fullscreen                       |✔️     |✔️     |✔️         |✔️             |**N/A**|✔️     |✔️        |
+|Fullscreen toggle                |✔️     |✔️     |✔️         |✔️             |**N/A**|✔️     |✔️        |
+|Exclusive fullscreen             |✔️     |✔️     |✔️         |**N/A**         |❌    |✔️     |**N/A**|
+|HiDPI support                    |✔️     |✔️     |✔️         |✔️             |▢[#721]|✔️    |**N/A**|
+|Popup windows                    |❌     |❌     |❌         |❌             |❌    |❌     |**N/A**|
 
 ### System information
-|Feature          |Windows|MacOS |Linux x11|Linux Wayland|Android|iOS    |Emscripten|
-|---------------- | ----- | ---- | ------- | ----------- | ----- | ----- | -------- |
-|Monitor list     |✔️    |✔️    |✔️       |✔️          |**N/A**|**N/A**|**N/A**   |
-|Video mode query |✔️    |✔️    |✔️       |✔️          |❌      |✔️     |❌         |
+|Feature          |Windows|MacOS |Linux x11|Linux Wayland|Android|iOS      |WASM      |
+|---------------- | ----- | ---- | ------- | ----------- | ----- | ------- | -------- |
+|Monitor list     |✔️    |✔️    |✔️       |✔️          |**N/A**|✔️       |**N/A**|
+|Video mode query |✔️    |✔️    |✔️       |✔️          |❌     |✔️      |**N/A**|
 
 ### Input handling
-|Feature                 |Windows   |MacOS   |Linux x11|Linux Wayland|Android|iOS    |Emscripten|
+|Feature                 |Windows   |MacOS   |Linux x11|Linux Wayland|Android|iOS    |WASM      |
 |----------------------- | -----    | ----   | ------- | ----------- | ----- | ----- | -------- |
-|Mouse events            |✔️       |▢[#63]  |✔️       |✔️          |**N/A**|**N/A**|✔️       |
-|Mouse set location      |✔️       |✔️      |✔️       |❓           |**N/A**|**N/A**|**N/A**  |
-|Cursor grab             |✔️       |▢[#165] |▢[#242]  |❌[#306]    |**N/A**|**N/A**|✔️       |
-|Cursor icon             |✔️       |✔️      |✔️       |❌[#306]    |**N/A**|**N/A**|❌       |
-|Touch events            |✔️       |❌      |✔️       |✔️          |✔️    |✔️     |✔️       |
-|Multitouch              |❓        |❌      |✔️       |✔️          |❓     |❌     |❌       |
-|Keyboard events         |✔️       |✔️      |✔️       |✔️          |❓     |❌     |✔️       |
+|Mouse events            |✔️       |▢[#63]  |✔️       |✔️          |**N/A**|**N/A**|✔️        |
+|Mouse set location      |✔️       |✔️      |✔️       |❓           |**N/A**|**N/A**|**N/A**|
+|Cursor grab             |✔️       |▢[#165] |▢[#242]  |✔️         |**N/A**|**N/A**|❓        |
+|Cursor icon             |✔️       |✔️      |✔️       |✔️           |**N/A**|**N/A**|✔️        |
+|Touch events            |✔️       |❌      |✔️       |✔️          |✔️    |✔️     |✔️        |
+|Touch pressure          |✔️       |❌      |❌       |❌          |❌    |✔️     |✔️        |
+|Multitouch              |✔️       |❌      |✔️       |✔️          |❓     |✔️     |✔️        |
+|Keyboard events         |✔️       |✔️      |✔️       |✔️          |❓     |❌     |✔️        |
 |Drag & Drop             |▢[#720]  |▢[#720] |▢[#720]  |❌[#306]    |**N/A**|**N/A**|❓        |
-|Raw Device Events       |▢[#750]  |▢[#750] |▢[#750]  |❌          |❌    |❌     |❌       |
-|Gamepad/Joystick events |❌[#804] |❌      |❌       |❌          |❌    |❌     |❌       |
-|Device movement events  |❓        |❓       |❓       |❓           |❌    |❌     |❌       |
+|Raw Device Events       |▢[#750]  |▢[#750] |▢[#750]  |❌          |❌    |❌     |❓        |
+|Gamepad/Joystick events |❌[#804] |❌      |❌       |❌          |❌    |❌     |❓        |
+|Device movement events  |❓        |❓       |❓       |❓           |❌    |❌     |❓        |
 
 ### Pending API Reworks
 Changes in the API that have been agreed upon but aren't implemented across all platforms.
 
-|Feature                             |Windows|MacOS |Linux x11|Linux Wayland|Android|iOS    |Emscripten|
+|Feature                             |Windows|MacOS |Linux x11|Linux Wayland|Android|iOS    |WASM      |
 |------------------------------      | ----- | ---- | ------- | ----------- | ----- | ----- | -------- |
-|New API for HiDPI ([#315] [#319])   |✔️    |✔️    |✔️       |✔️          |▢[#721]|✔️    |✔️       |
-|Event Loop 2.0 ([#459])             |✔️    |❌    |❌       |✔️          |❌     |❌    |❌       |
-|Keyboard Input ([#812])             |❌    |❌    |❌       |❌          |❌     |❌     |❌      |
+|New API for HiDPI ([#315] [#319])   |✔️    |✔️    |✔️       |✔️          |▢[#721]|✔️    |❓        |
+|Event Loop 2.0 ([#459])             |✔️    |✔️    |❌       |✔️          |❌     |✔️    |❓        |
+|Keyboard Input ([#812])             |❌    |❌    |❌       |❌          |❌     |❌    |❓        |
 
 ### Completed API Reworks
-|Feature                             |Windows|MacOS |Linux x11|Linux Wayland|Android|iOS    |Emscripten|
+|Feature                             |Windows|MacOS |Linux x11|Linux Wayland|Android|iOS    |WASM      |
 |------------------------------      | ----- | ---- | ------- | ----------- | ----- | ----- | -------- |
 
 [#165]: https://github.com/rust-windowing/winit/issues/165

README.md

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 
 ```toml
 [dependencies]
-winit = "0.20.0-alpha2"
+winit = "0.20.0-alpha6"
 ```
 
 ## [Documentation](https://docs.rs/winit)
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ Winit provides the following features, which can be enabled in your `Cargo.toml`
 
 ### Platform-specific usage
 
-#### Emscripten and WebAssembly
+#### WebAssembly
 
 Building a binary will yield a `.js` file. In order to use it in an HTML file, you need to:
 

appveyor.yml

@@ -1,13 +1,24 @@
 environment:
   matrix:
-  - TARGET: x86_64-pc-windows-msvc
-    CHANNEL: nightly
   - TARGET: x86_64-pc-windows-msvc
     CHANNEL: stable
   - TARGET: i686-pc-windows-msvc
+    CHANNEL: stable
+  - TARGET: x86_64-pc-windows-gnu
+    CHANNEL: stable
+  - TARGET: i686-pc-windows-gnu
+    CHANNEL: stable
+  - TARGET: x86_64-pc-windows-msvc
+    CHANNEL: nightly
+  - TARGET: i686-pc-windows-msvc
+    CHANNEL: nightly
+  - TARGET: x86_64-pc-windows-gnu
     CHANNEL: nightly
   - TARGET: i686-pc-windows-gnu
     CHANNEL: nightly
+matrix:
+  allow_failures:
+    - CHANNEL: nightly
 install:
   - appveyor DownloadFile https://win.rustup.rs/ -FileName rustup-init.exe
   - rustup-init -yv --default-toolchain %CHANNEL% --default-host %TARGET%
@@ -21,3 +32,4 @@ build: false
 test_script:
   - cargo test --verbose
   - cargo test --features serde --verbose
+  - cargo doc --no-deps

examples/cursor_grab.rs

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 use winit::{
-    event::{DeviceEvent, ElementState, Event, KeyboardInput, WindowEvent},
+    event::{DeviceEvent, ElementState, Event, KeyboardInput, ModifiersState, WindowEvent},
     event_loop::{ControlFlow, EventLoop},
     window::WindowBuilder,
 };
@@ -12,6 +12,8 @@ fn main() {
         .build(&event_loop)
         .unwrap();
 
+    let mut modifiers = ModifiersState::default();
+
     event_loop.run(move |event, _, control_flow| {
         *control_flow = ControlFlow::Wait;
         match event {
@@ -22,7 +24,6 @@ fn main() {
                         KeyboardInput {
                             state: ElementState::Released,
                             virtual_keycode: Some(key),
-                            modifiers,
                             ..
                         },
                     ..
@@ -30,8 +31,8 @@ fn main() {
                     use winit::event::VirtualKeyCode::*;
                     match key {
                         Escape => *control_flow = ControlFlow::Exit,
-                        G => window.set_cursor_grab(!modifiers.shift).unwrap(),
-                        H => window.set_cursor_visible(modifiers.shift),
+                        G => window.set_cursor_grab(!modifiers.shift()).unwrap(),
+                        H => window.set_cursor_visible(modifiers.shift()),
                         _ => (),
                     }
                 }
@@ -43,6 +44,7 @@ fn main() {
                     ElementState::Pressed => println!("mouse button {} pressed", button),
                     ElementState::Released => println!("mouse button {} released", button),
                 },
+                DeviceEvent::ModifiersChanged(m) => modifiers = m,
                 _ => (),
             },
             _ => (),

examples/custom_events.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+#[cfg(not(target_arch = "wasm32"))]
+fn main() {
+    use winit::{
+        event::{Event, WindowEvent},
+        event_loop::{ControlFlow, EventLoop},
+        window::WindowBuilder,
+    };
+
+    #[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy)]
+    enum CustomEvent {
+        Timer,
+    }
+
+    let event_loop = EventLoop::<CustomEvent>::with_user_event();
+
+    let _window = WindowBuilder::new()
+        .with_title("A fantastic window!")
+        .build(&event_loop)
+        .unwrap();
+
+    // `EventLoopProxy` allows you to dispatch custom events to the main Winit event
+    // loop from any thread.
+    let event_loop_proxy = event_loop.create_proxy();
+
+    std::thread::spawn(move || {
+        // Wake up the `event_loop` once every second and dispatch a custom event
+        // from a different thread.
+        loop {
+            std::thread::sleep(std::time::Duration::from_secs(1));
+            event_loop_proxy.send_event(CustomEvent::Timer).ok();
+        }
+    });
+
+    event_loop.run(move |event, _, control_flow| match event {
+        Event::UserEvent(event) => println!("user event: {:?}", event),
+        Event::WindowEvent {
+            event: WindowEvent::CloseRequested,
+            ..
+        } => *control_flow = ControlFlow::Exit,
+        _ => *control_flow = ControlFlow::Wait,
+    });
+}
+
+#[cfg(target_arch = "wasm32")]
+fn main() {
+    panic!("This example is not supported on web.");
+}

examples/fullscreen.rs

@@ -1,56 +1,35 @@
-use std::io::{self, Write};
-use winit::{
-    event::{ElementState, Event, KeyboardInput, VirtualKeyCode, WindowEvent},
-    event_loop::{ControlFlow, EventLoop},
-    monitor::MonitorHandle,
-    window::WindowBuilder,
-};
+use std::io::{stdin, stdout, Write};
+use winit::event::{ElementState, Event, KeyboardInput, VirtualKeyCode, WindowEvent};
+use winit::event_loop::{ControlFlow, EventLoop};
+use winit::monitor::{MonitorHandle, VideoMode};
+use winit::window::{Fullscreen, WindowBuilder};
 
 fn main() {
     let event_loop = EventLoop::new();
 
-    #[cfg(target_os = "macos")]
-    let mut macos_use_simple_fullscreen = false;
+    print!("Please choose the fullscreen mode: (1) exclusive, (2) borderless: ");
+    stdout().flush().unwrap();
 
-    let monitor = {
-        // On macOS there are two fullscreen modes "native" and "simple"
-        #[cfg(target_os = "macos")]
-        {
-            print!("Please choose the fullscreen mode: (1) native, (2) simple: ");
-            io::stdout().flush().unwrap();
+    let mut num = String::new();
+    stdin().read_line(&mut num).unwrap();
+    let num = num.trim().parse().ok().expect("Please enter a number");
 
-            let mut num = String::new();
-            io::stdin().read_line(&mut num).unwrap();
-            let num = num.trim().parse().ok().expect("Please enter a number");
-            match num {
-                2 => macos_use_simple_fullscreen = true,
-                _ => {}
-            }
+    let fullscreen = Some(match num {
+        1 => Fullscreen::Exclusive(prompt_for_video_mode(&prompt_for_monitor(&event_loop))),
+        2 => Fullscreen::Borderless(prompt_for_monitor(&event_loop)),
+        _ => panic!("Please enter a valid number"),
+    });
 
-            // Prompt for monitor when using native fullscreen
-            if !macos_use_simple_fullscreen {
-                Some(prompt_for_monitor(&event_loop))
-            } else {
-                None
-            }
-        }
-
-        #[cfg(not(target_os = "macos"))]
-        Some(prompt_for_monitor(&event_loop))
-    };
-
-    let mut is_fullscreen = monitor.is_some();
     let mut is_maximized = false;
     let mut decorations = true;
 
     let window = WindowBuilder::new()
         .with_title("Hello world!")
-        .with_fullscreen(monitor)
+        .with_fullscreen(fullscreen.clone())
         .build(&event_loop)
         .unwrap();
 
     event_loop.run(move |event, _, control_flow| {
-        println!("{:?}", event);
         *control_flow = ControlFlow::Wait;
 
         match event {
@@ -67,35 +46,14 @@ fn main() {
                 } => match (virtual_code, state) {
                     (VirtualKeyCode::Escape, _) => *control_flow = ControlFlow::Exit,
                     (VirtualKeyCode::F, ElementState::Pressed) => {
-                        #[cfg(target_os = "macos")]
-                        {
-                            if macos_use_simple_fullscreen {
-                                use winit::platform::macos::WindowExtMacOS;
-                                if WindowExtMacOS::set_simple_fullscreen(&window, !is_fullscreen) {
-                                    is_fullscreen = !is_fullscreen;
-                                }
-                                return;
-                            }
-                        }
-
-                        is_fullscreen = !is_fullscreen;
-                        if !is_fullscreen {
+                        if window.fullscreen().is_some() {
                             window.set_fullscreen(None);
                         } else {
-                            window.set_fullscreen(Some(window.current_monitor()));
+                            window.set_fullscreen(fullscreen.clone());
                         }
                     }
                     (VirtualKeyCode::S, ElementState::Pressed) => {
                         println!("window.fullscreen {:?}", window.fullscreen());
-
-                        #[cfg(target_os = "macos")]
-                        {
-                            use winit::platform::macos::WindowExtMacOS;
-                            println!(
-                                "window.simple_fullscreen {:?}",
-                                WindowExtMacOS::simple_fullscreen(&window)
-                            );
-                        }
                     }
                     (VirtualKeyCode::M, ElementState::Pressed) => {
                         is_maximized = !is_maximized;
@@ -121,10 +79,10 @@ fn prompt_for_monitor(event_loop: &EventLoop<()>) -> MonitorHandle {
     }
 
     print!("Please write the number of the monitor to use: ");
-    io::stdout().flush().unwrap();
+    stdout().flush().unwrap();
 
     let mut num = String::new();
-    io::stdin().read_line(&mut num).unwrap();
+    stdin().read_line(&mut num).unwrap();
     let num = num.trim().parse().ok().expect("Please enter a number");
     let monitor = event_loop
         .available_monitors()
@@ -135,3 +93,24 @@ fn prompt_for_monitor(event_loop: &EventLoop<()>) -> MonitorHandle {
 
     monitor
 }
+
+fn prompt_for_video_mode(monitor: &MonitorHandle) -> VideoMode {
+    for (i, video_mode) in monitor.video_modes().enumerate() {
+        println!("Video mode #{}: {}", i, video_mode);
+    }
+
+    print!("Please write the number of the video mode to use: ");
+    stdout().flush().unwrap();
+
+    let mut num = String::new();
+    stdin().read_line(&mut num).unwrap();
+    let num = num.trim().parse().ok().expect("Please enter a number");
+    let video_mode = monitor
+        .video_modes()
+        .nth(num)
+        .expect("Please enter a valid ID");
+
+    println!("Using {}", video_mode);
+
+    video_mode
+}

examples/minimize.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+extern crate winit;
+
+use winit::event::{Event, VirtualKeyCode, WindowEvent};
+use winit::event_loop::{ControlFlow, EventLoop};
+use winit::window::WindowBuilder;
+
+fn main() {
+    let event_loop = EventLoop::new();
+
+    let window = WindowBuilder::new()
+        .with_title("A fantastic window!")
+        .build(&event_loop)
+        .unwrap();
+
+    event_loop.run(move |event, _, control_flow| match event {
+        Event::WindowEvent {
+            event: WindowEvent::CloseRequested,
+            ..
+        } => *control_flow = ControlFlow::Exit,
+
+        // Keyboard input event to handle minimize via a hotkey
+        Event::WindowEvent {
+            event: WindowEvent::KeyboardInput { input, .. },
+            window_id,
+        } => {
+            if window_id == window.id() {
+                // Pressing the 'M' key will minimize the window
+                if input.virtual_keycode == Some(VirtualKeyCode::M) {
+                    window.set_minimized(true);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        _ => *control_flow = ControlFlow::Wait,
+    });
+}

examples/monitor_list.rs

@@ -4,6 +4,6 @@ fn main() {
     let event_loop = EventLoop::new();
     let window = WindowBuilder::new().build(&event_loop).unwrap();
 
-    dbg!(window.available_monitors());
+    dbg!(window.available_monitors().collect::<Vec<_>>());
     dbg!(window.primary_monitor());
 }

examples/multithreaded.rs

@@ -1,16 +1,18 @@
-extern crate env_logger;
-use std::{collections::HashMap, sync::mpsc, thread, time::Duration};
-
-use winit::{
-    event::{ElementState, Event, KeyboardInput, VirtualKeyCode, WindowEvent},
-    event_loop::{ControlFlow, EventLoop},
-    window::{CursorIcon, WindowBuilder},
-};
-
-const WINDOW_COUNT: usize = 3;
-const WINDOW_SIZE: (u32, u32) = (600, 400);
-
+#[cfg(not(target_arch = "wasm32"))]
 fn main() {
+    extern crate env_logger;
+
+    use std::{collections::HashMap, sync::mpsc, thread, time::Duration};
+
+    use winit::{
+        event::{ElementState, Event, KeyboardInput, VirtualKeyCode, WindowEvent},
+        event_loop::{ControlFlow, EventLoop},
+        window::{CursorIcon, Fullscreen, WindowBuilder},
+    };
+
+    const WINDOW_COUNT: usize = 3;
+    const WINDOW_SIZE: (u32, u32) = (600, 400);
+
     env_logger::init();
     let event_loop = EventLoop::new();
     let mut window_senders = HashMap::with_capacity(WINDOW_COUNT);
@@ -19,11 +21,34 @@ fn main() {
             .with_inner_size(WINDOW_SIZE.into())
             .build(&event_loop)
             .unwrap();
+
+        let mut video_modes: Vec<_> = window.current_monitor().video_modes().collect();
+        let mut video_mode_id = 0usize;
+
         let (tx, rx) = mpsc::channel();
         window_senders.insert(window.id(), tx);
         thread::spawn(move || {
             while let Ok(event) = rx.recv() {
                 match event {
+                    WindowEvent::Moved { .. } => {
+                        // We need to update our chosen video mode if the window
+                        // was moved to an another monitor, so that the window
+                        // appears on this monitor instead when we go fullscreen
+                        let previous_video_mode = video_modes.iter().cloned().nth(video_mode_id);
+                        video_modes = window.current_monitor().video_modes().collect();
+                        video_mode_id = video_mode_id.min(video_modes.len());
+                        let video_mode = video_modes.iter().nth(video_mode_id);
+
+                        // Different monitors may support different video modes,
+                        // and the index we chose previously may now point to a
+                        // completely different video mode, so notify the user
+                        if video_mode != previous_video_mode.as_ref() {
+                            println!(
+                                "Window moved to another monitor, picked video mode: {}",
+                                video_modes.iter().nth(video_mode_id).unwrap()
+                            );
+                        }
+                    }
                     WindowEvent::KeyboardInput {
                         input:
                             KeyboardInput {
@@ -35,8 +60,8 @@ fn main() {
                         ..
                     } => {
                         window.set_title(&format!("{:?}", key));
-                        let state = !modifiers.shift;
-                        use self::VirtualKeyCode::*;
+                        let state = !modifiers.shift();
+                        use VirtualKeyCode::*;
                         match key {
                             A => window.set_always_on_top(state),
                             C => window.set_cursor_icon(match state {
@@ -44,9 +69,26 @@ fn main() {
                                 false => CursorIcon::Default,
                             }),
                             D => window.set_decorations(!state),
-                            F => window.set_fullscreen(match state {
-                                true => Some(window.current_monitor()),
-                                false => None,
+                            // Cycle through video modes
+                            Right | Left => {
+                                video_mode_id = match key {
+                                    Left => video_mode_id.saturating_sub(1),
+                                    Right => (video_modes.len() - 1).min(video_mode_id + 1),
+                                    _ => unreachable!(),
+                                };
+                                println!(
+                                    "Picking video mode: {}",
+                                    video_modes.iter().nth(video_mode_id).unwrap()
+                                );
+                            }
+                            F => window.set_fullscreen(match (state, modifiers.alt()) {
+                                (true, false) => {
+                                    Some(Fullscreen::Borderless(window.current_monitor()))
+                                }
+                                (true, true) => Some(Fullscreen::Exclusive(
+                                    video_modes.iter().nth(video_mode_id).unwrap().clone(),
+                                )),
+                                (false, _) => None,
                             }),
                             G => window.set_cursor_grab(state).unwrap(),
                             H => window.set_cursor_visible(!state),
@@ -56,6 +98,7 @@ fn main() {
                                 println!("-> inner_position : {:?}", window.inner_position());
                                 println!("-> outer_size     : {:?}", window.outer_size());
                                 println!("-> inner_size     : {:?}", window.inner_size());
+                                println!("-> fullscreen     : {:?}", window.fullscreen());
                             }
                             L => window.set_min_inner_size(match state {
                                 true => Some(WINDOW_SIZE.into()),
@@ -108,6 +151,7 @@ fn main() {
                 | WindowEvent::KeyboardInput {
                     input:
                         KeyboardInput {
+                            state: ElementState::Released,
                             virtual_keycode: Some(VirtualKeyCode::Escape),
                             ..
                         },
@@ -125,3 +169,8 @@ fn main() {
         }
     })
 }
+
+#[cfg(target_arch = "wasm32")]
+fn main() {
+    panic!("Example not supported on Wasm");
+}

examples/proxy.rs

@@ -1,37 +0,0 @@
-use winit::{
-    event::{Event, WindowEvent},
-    event_loop::{ControlFlow, EventLoop},
-    window::WindowBuilder,
-};
-
-fn main() {
-    let event_loop: EventLoop<i32> = EventLoop::new_user_event();
-
-    let _window = WindowBuilder::new()
-        .with_title("A fantastic window!")
-        .build(&event_loop)
-        .unwrap();
-
-    let proxy = event_loop.create_proxy();
-
-    std::thread::spawn(move || {
-        let mut counter = 0;
-        // Wake up the `event_loop` once every second.
-        loop {
-            std::thread::sleep(std::time::Duration::from_secs(1));
-            proxy.send_event(counter).unwrap();
-            counter += 1;
-        }
-    });
-
-    event_loop.run(move |event, _, control_flow| {
-        println!("{:?}", event);
-        match event {
-            Event::WindowEvent {
-                event: WindowEvent::CloseRequested,
-                ..
-            } => *control_flow = ControlFlow::Exit,
-            _ => *control_flow = ControlFlow::Wait,
-        }
-    });
-}

examples/request_redraw.rs

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
-use std::time::{Duration, Instant};
+use instant::Instant;
+use std::time::Duration;
 
 use winit::{
     event::{Event, WindowEvent},
@@ -19,14 +20,11 @@ fn main() {
             event: WindowEvent::CloseRequested,
             ..
         } => *control_flow = ControlFlow::Exit,
-        Event::EventsCleared => {
+        Event::MainEventsCleared => {
             window.request_redraw();
             *control_flow = ControlFlow::WaitUntil(Instant::now() + Duration::new(1, 0))
         }
-        Event::WindowEvent {
-            event: WindowEvent::RedrawRequested,
-            ..
-        } => {
+        Event::RedrawRequested(_) => {
             println!("{:?}", event);
         }
         _ => (),

examples/timer.rs

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
-use std::time::{Duration, Instant};
+use instant::Instant;
+use std::time::Duration;
 use winit::{
     event::{Event, StartCause, WindowEvent},
     event_loop::{ControlFlow, EventLoop},

examples/video_modes.rs

@@ -7,6 +7,6 @@ fn main() {
     println!("Listing available video modes:");
 
     for mode in monitor.video_modes() {
-        println!("{:?}", mode);
+        println!("{}", mode);
     }
 }

examples/web.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+use winit::{
+    event::{Event, WindowEvent},
+    event_loop::{ControlFlow, EventLoop},
+    window::WindowBuilder,
+};
+
+pub fn main() {
+    let event_loop = EventLoop::new();
+
+    let window = WindowBuilder::new()
+        .with_title("A fantastic window!")
+        .build(&event_loop)
+        .unwrap();
+
+    #[cfg(feature = "web-sys")]
+    {
+        use winit::platform::web::WindowExtWebSys;
+
+        let canvas = window.canvas();
+
+        let window = web_sys::window().unwrap();
+        let document = window.document().unwrap();
+        let body = document.body().unwrap();
+
+        body.append_child(&canvas)
+            .expect("Append canvas to HTML body");
+    }
+
+    #[cfg(feature = "stdweb")]
+    {
+        use std_web::web::INode;
+        use winit::platform::web::WindowExtStdweb;
+
+        let canvas = window.canvas();
+
+        let document = std_web::web::document();
+        let body: std_web::web::Node = document.body().expect("Get HTML body").into();
+
+        body.append_child(&canvas);
+    }
+
+    event_loop.run(move |event, _, control_flow| {
+        #[cfg(feature = "web-sys")]
+        log::debug!("{:?}", event);
+
+        #[cfg(feature = "stdweb")]
+        std_web::console!(log, "%s", format!("{:?}", event));
+
+        match event {
+            Event::WindowEvent {
+                event: WindowEvent::CloseRequested,
+                window_id,
+            } if window_id == window.id() => *control_flow = ControlFlow::Exit,
+            Event::MainEventsCleared => {
+                window.request_redraw();
+            }
+            _ => *control_flow = ControlFlow::Wait,
+        }
+    });
+}
+
+#[cfg(feature = "web-sys")]
+mod wasm {
+    use wasm_bindgen::prelude::*;
+
+    #[wasm_bindgen(start)]
+    pub fn run() {
+        console_log::init_with_level(log::Level::Debug);
+
+        super::main();
+    }
+}

examples/window.rs

@@ -20,7 +20,10 @@ fn main() {
                 event: WindowEvent::CloseRequested,
                 window_id,
             } if window_id == window.id() => *control_flow = ControlFlow::Exit,
-            _ => *control_flow = ControlFlow::Wait,
+            Event::MainEventsCleared => {
+                window.request_redraw();
+            }
+            _ => *control_flow = ControlFlow::Poll,
         }
     });
 }

examples/window_debug.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,121 @@
+// This example is used by developers to test various window functions.
+
+use winit::{
+    dpi::{LogicalSize, PhysicalSize},
+    event::{DeviceEvent, ElementState, Event, KeyboardInput, VirtualKeyCode, WindowEvent},
+    event_loop::{ControlFlow, EventLoop},
+    window::{Fullscreen, WindowBuilder},
+};
+
+fn main() {
+    let event_loop = EventLoop::new();
+
+    let window = WindowBuilder::new()
+        .with_title("A fantastic window!")
+        .with_inner_size(LogicalSize::from((100, 100)))
+        .build(&event_loop)
+        .unwrap();
+
+    eprintln!("debugging keys:");
+    eprintln!("  (E) Enter exclusive fullscreen");
+    eprintln!("  (F) Toggle borderless fullscreen");
+    #[cfg(waiting_for_set_minimized)]
+    eprintln!("  (M) Toggle minimized");
+    eprintln!("  (Q) Quit event loop");
+    eprintln!("  (V) Toggle visibility");
+    eprintln!("  (X) Toggle maximized");
+
+    #[cfg(waiting_for_set_minimized)]
+    let mut minimized = false;
+    let mut maximized = false;
+    let mut visible = true;
+
+    event_loop.run(move |event, _, control_flow| {
+        *control_flow = ControlFlow::Wait;
+
+        match event {
+            Event::DeviceEvent {
+                event:
+                    DeviceEvent::Key(KeyboardInput {
+                        virtual_keycode: Some(key),
+                        state: ElementState::Pressed,
+                        ..
+                    }),
+                ..
+            } => match key {
+                #[cfg(waiting_for_set_minimized)]
+                VirtualKeyCode::M => {
+                    if minimized {
+                        minimized = !minimized;
+                        window.set_minimized(minimized);
+                    }
+                }
+                VirtualKeyCode::V => {
+                    if !visible {
+                        visible = !visible;
+                        window.set_visible(visible);
+                    }
+                }
+                _ => (),
+            },
+            Event::WindowEvent {
+                event: WindowEvent::KeyboardInput { input, .. },
+                ..
+            } => match input {
+                KeyboardInput {
+                    virtual_keycode: Some(key),
+                    state: ElementState::Pressed,
+                    ..
+                } => match key {
+                    VirtualKeyCode::E => {
+                        fn area(size: PhysicalSize) -> f64 {
+                            size.width * size.height
+                        }
+
+                        let monitor = window.current_monitor();
+                        if let Some(mode) = monitor.video_modes().max_by(|a, b| {
+                            area(a.size())
+                                .partial_cmp(&area(b.size()))
+                                .expect("NaN in video mode size")
+                        }) {
+                            window.set_fullscreen(Some(Fullscreen::Exclusive(mode)));
+                        } else {
+                            eprintln!("no video modes available");
+                        }
+                    }
+                    VirtualKeyCode::F => {
+                        if window.fullscreen().is_some() {
+                            window.set_fullscreen(None);
+                        } else {
+                            let monitor = window.current_monitor();
+                            window.set_fullscreen(Some(Fullscreen::Borderless(monitor)));
+                        }
+                    }
+                    #[cfg(waiting_for_set_minimized)]
+                    VirtualKeyCode::M => {
+                        minimized = !minimized;
+                        window.set_minimized(minimized);
+                    }
+                    VirtualKeyCode::Q => {
+                        *control_flow = ControlFlow::Exit;
+                    }
+                    VirtualKeyCode::V => {
+                        visible = !visible;
+                        window.set_visible(visible);
+                    }
+                    VirtualKeyCode::X => {
+                        maximized = !maximized;
+                        window.set_maximized(maximized);
+                    }
+                    _ => (),
+                },
+                _ => (),
+            },
+            Event::WindowEvent {
+                event: WindowEvent::CloseRequested,
+                window_id,
+            } if window_id == window.id() => *control_flow = ControlFlow::Exit,
+            _ => (),
+        }
+    });
+}

examples/window_run_return.rs

@@ -1,41 +1,58 @@
-use winit::{
-    event::{Event, WindowEvent},
-    event_loop::{ControlFlow, EventLoop},
-    platform::desktop::EventLoopExtDesktop,
-    window::WindowBuilder,
-};
-
+// Limit this example to only compatible platforms.
+#[cfg(any(
+    target_os = "windows",
+    target_os = "macos",
+    target_os = "linux",
+    target_os = "dragonfly",
+    target_os = "freebsd",
+    target_os = "netbsd",
+    target_os = "openbsd"
+))]
 fn main() {
+    use std::{thread::sleep, time::Duration};
+    use winit::{
+        event::{Event, WindowEvent},
+        event_loop::{ControlFlow, EventLoop},
+        platform::desktop::EventLoopExtDesktop,
+        window::WindowBuilder,
+    };
     let mut event_loop = EventLoop::new();
 
-    let window = WindowBuilder::new()
+    let _window = WindowBuilder::new()
         .with_title("A fantastic window!")
         .build(&event_loop)
         .unwrap();
 
-    println!("Close the window to continue.");
-    event_loop.run_return(|event, _, control_flow| match event {
-        Event::WindowEvent {
-            event: WindowEvent::CloseRequested,
-            ..
-        } => *control_flow = ControlFlow::Exit,
-        _ => *control_flow = ControlFlow::Wait,
-    });
-    drop(window);
+    let mut quit = false;
 
-    let _window_2 = WindowBuilder::new()
-        .with_title("A second, fantasticer window!")
-        .build(&event_loop)
-        .unwrap();
+    while !quit {
+        event_loop.run_return(|event, _, control_flow| {
+            if let Event::WindowEvent { event, .. } = &event {
+                // Print only Window events to reduce noise
+                println!("{:?}", event);
+            }
 
-    println!("Wa ha ha! You thought that closing the window would finish this?!");
-    event_loop.run_return(|event, _, control_flow| match event {
-        Event::WindowEvent {
-            event: WindowEvent::CloseRequested,
-            ..
-        } => *control_flow = ControlFlow::Exit,
-        _ => *control_flow = ControlFlow::Wait,
-    });
+            match event {
+                Event::WindowEvent {
+                    event: WindowEvent::CloseRequested,
+                    ..
+                } => {
+                    quit = true;
+                    *control_flow = ControlFlow::Exit;
+                }
+                Event::MainEventsCleared => {
+                    *control_flow = ControlFlow::Exit;
+                }
+                _ => *control_flow = ControlFlow::Wait,
+            }
+        });
 
-    println!("Okay we're done now for real.");
+        // Sleep for 1/60 second to simulate rendering
+        sleep(Duration::from_millis(16));
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(any(target_os = "ios", target_os = "android", target_arch = "wasm32"))]
+fn main() {
+    println!("This platform doesn't support run_return.");
 }

src/dpi.rs

@@ -28,18 +28,18 @@
 //! them entering an existential panic. Once users enter that state, they will no longer be focused on your application.
 //!
 //! There are two ways to get the DPI factor:
-//! - You can track the [`HiDpiFactorChanged`](../enum.WindowEvent.html#variant.HiDpiFactorChanged) event of your
+//! - You can track the [`HiDpiFactorChanged`](crate::event::WindowEvent::HiDpiFactorChanged) event of your
 //!   windows. This event is sent any time the DPI factor changes, either because the window moved to another monitor,
 //!   or because the user changed the configuration of their screen.
 //! - You can also retrieve the DPI factor of a monitor by calling
-//!   [`MonitorHandle::hidpi_factor`](../monitor/struct.MonitorHandle.html#method.hidpi_factor), or the
+//!   [`MonitorHandle::hidpi_factor`](crate::monitor::MonitorHandle::hidpi_factor), or the
 //!   current DPI factor applied to a window by calling
-//!   [`Window::hidpi_factor`](../window/struct.Window.html#method.hidpi_factor), which is roughly equivalent
+//!   [`Window::hidpi_factor`](crate::window::Window::hidpi_factor), which is roughly equivalent
 //!   to `window.current_monitor().hidpi_factor()`.
 //!
 //! Depending on the platform, the window's actual DPI factor may only be known after
 //! the event loop has started and your window has been drawn once. To properly handle these cases,
-//! the most robust way is to monitor the [`HiDpiFactorChanged`](../enum.WindowEvent.html#variant.HiDpiFactorChanged)
+//! the most robust way is to monitor the [`HiDpiFactorChanged`](crate::event::WindowEvent::HiDpiFactorChanged)
 //! event and dynamically adapt your drawing logic to follow the DPI factor.
 //!
 //! Here's an overview of what sort of DPI factors you can expect, and where they come from:
@@ -49,30 +49,31 @@
 //! - **macOS:** The buzzword is "retina displays", which have a DPI factor of 2.0. Otherwise, the DPI factor is 1.0.
 //! Intermediate DPI factors are never used, thus 1440p displays/etc. aren't properly supported. It's possible for any
 //! display to use that 2.0 DPI factor, given the use of the command line.
-//! - **X11:** On X11, we calcuate the DPI factor based on the millimeter dimensions provided by XRandR. This can
+//! - **X11:** On X11, we calculate the DPI factor based on the millimeter dimensions provided by XRandR. This can
 //! result in a wide range of possible values, including some interesting ones like 1.0833333333333333. This can be
 //! overridden using the `WINIT_HIDPI_FACTOR` environment variable, though that's not recommended.
 //! - **Wayland:** On Wayland, DPI factors are set per-screen by the server, and are always integers (most often 1 or 2).
 //! - **iOS:** DPI factors are both constant and device-specific on iOS.
 //! - **Android:** This feature isn't yet implemented on Android, so the DPI factor will always be returned as 1.0.
+//! - **Web:** DPI factors are handled by the browser and will always be 1.0 for your application.
 //!
 //! The window's logical size is conserved across DPI changes, resulting in the physical size changing instead. This
 //! may be surprising on X11, but is quite standard elsewhere. Physical size changes always produce a
-//! [`Resized`](../event/enum.WindowEvent.html#variant.Resized) event, even on platforms where no resize actually occurs,
+//! [`Resized`](crate::event::WindowEvent::Resized) event, even on platforms where no resize actually occurs,
 //! such as macOS and Wayland. As a result, it's not necessary to separately handle
-//! [`HiDpiFactorChanged`](../event/enum.WindowEvent.html#variant.HiDpiFactorChanged) if you're only listening for size.
+//! [`HiDpiFactorChanged`](crate::event::WindowEvent::HiDpiFactorChanged) if you're only listening for size.
 //!
 //! Your GPU has no awareness of the concept of logical pixels, and unless you like wasting pixel density, your
 //! framebuffer's size should be in physical pixels.
 //!
-//! `winit` will send [`Resized`](../enum.WindowEvent.html#variant.Resized) events whenever a window's logical size
-//! changes, and [`HiDpiFactorChanged`](../enum.WindowEvent.html#variant.HiDpiFactorChanged) events
+//! `winit` will send [`Resized`](crate::event::WindowEvent::Resized) events whenever a window's logical size
+//! changes, and [`HiDpiFactorChanged`](crate::event::WindowEvent::HiDpiFactorChanged) events
 //! whenever the DPI factor changes. Receiving either of these events means that the physical size of your window has
 //! changed, and you should recompute it using the latest values you received for each. If the logical size and the
 //! DPI factor change simultaneously, `winit` will send both events together; thus, it's recommended to buffer
 //! these events and process them at the end of the queue.
 //!
-//! If you never received any [`HiDpiFactorChanged`](../enum.WindowEvent.html#variant.HiDpiFactorChanged) events,
+//! If you never received any [`HiDpiFactorChanged`](crate::event::WindowEvent::HiDpiFactorChanged) events,
 //! then your window's DPI factor is 1.
 
 /// Checks that the DPI factor is a normal positive `f64`.

src/event.rs

@@ -3,13 +3,14 @@
 //! These are sent to the closure given to [`EventLoop::run(...)`][event_loop_run], where they get
 //! processed and used to modify the program state. For more details, see the root-level documentation.
 //!
-//! [event_loop_run]: ../event_loop/struct.EventLoop.html#method.run
-use std::{path::PathBuf, time::Instant};
+//! [event_loop_run]: crate::event_loop::EventLoop::run
+use instant::Instant;
+use std::path::PathBuf;
 
 use crate::{
     dpi::{LogicalPosition, LogicalSize},
     platform_impl,
-    window::WindowId,
+    window::{Theme, WindowId},
 };
 
 /// Describes a generic event.
@@ -25,13 +26,26 @@ pub enum Event<T> {
         device_id: DeviceId,
         event: DeviceEvent,
     },
-    /// Emitted when an event is sent from [`EventLoopProxy::send_event`](../event_loop/struct.EventLoopProxy.html#method.send_event)
+    /// Emitted when an event is sent from [`EventLoopProxy::send_event`](crate::event_loop::EventLoopProxy::send_event)
     UserEvent(T),
     /// Emitted when new events arrive from the OS to be processed.
     NewEvents(StartCause),
-    /// Emitted when all of the event loop's events have been processed and control flow is about
-    /// to be taken away from the program.
-    EventsCleared,
+    /// Emitted when all events (except for `RedrawRequested`) have been reported.
+    ///
+    /// This event is followed by zero or more instances of `RedrawRequested`
+    /// and, finally, `RedrawEventsCleared`.
+    MainEventsCleared,
+
+    /// The OS or application has requested that a window be redrawn.
+    ///
+    /// Emitted only after `MainEventsCleared`.
+    RedrawRequested(WindowId),
+
+    /// Emitted after any `RedrawRequested` events.
+    ///
+    /// If there are no `RedrawRequested` events, it is reported immediately after
+    /// `MainEventsCleared`.
+    RedrawEventsCleared,
 
     /// Emitted when the event loop is being shut down. This is irreversable - if this event is
     /// emitted, it is guaranteed to be the last event emitted.
@@ -52,7 +66,9 @@ impl<T> Event<T> {
             WindowEvent { window_id, event } => Ok(WindowEvent { window_id, event }),
             DeviceEvent { device_id, event } => Ok(DeviceEvent { device_id, event }),
             NewEvents(cause) => Ok(NewEvents(cause)),
-            EventsCleared => Ok(EventsCleared),
+            MainEventsCleared => Ok(MainEventsCleared),
+            RedrawRequested(wid) => Ok(RedrawRequested(wid)),
+            RedrawEventsCleared => Ok(RedrawEventsCleared),
             LoopDestroyed => Ok(LoopDestroyed),
             Suspended => Ok(Suspended),
             Resumed => Ok(Resumed),
@@ -61,7 +77,7 @@ impl<T> Event<T> {
 }
 
 /// Describes the reason the event loop is resuming.
-#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
 pub enum StartCause {
     /// Sent if the time specified by `ControlFlow::WaitUntil` has been reached. Contains the
     /// moment the timeout was requested and the requested resume time. The actual resume time is
@@ -131,6 +147,16 @@ pub enum WindowEvent {
     KeyboardInput {
         device_id: DeviceId,
         input: KeyboardInput,
+        /// If `true`, the event was generated synthetically by winit
+        /// in one of the following circumstances:
+        ///
+        /// * Synthetic key press events are generated for all keys pressed
+        ///   when a window gains focus. Likewise, synthetic key release events
+        ///   are generated for all keys pressed when a window goes out of focus.
+        ///   ***Currently, this is only functional on X11 and Windows***
+        ///
+        /// Otherwise, this value is always `false`.
+        is_synthetic: bool,
     },
 
     /// The cursor has moved on the window.
@@ -141,6 +167,7 @@ pub enum WindowEvent {
         /// limited by the display area and it may have been transformed by the OS to implement effects such as cursor
         /// acceleration, it should not be used to implement non-cursor-like interactions such as 3D camera control.
         position: LogicalPosition,
+        #[deprecated = "Deprecated in favor of DeviceEvent::ModifiersChanged"]
         modifiers: ModifiersState,
     },
 
@@ -155,6 +182,7 @@ pub enum WindowEvent {
         device_id: DeviceId,
         delta: MouseScrollDelta,
         phase: TouchPhase,
+        #[deprecated = "Deprecated in favor of DeviceEvent::ModifiersChanged"]
         modifiers: ModifiersState,
     },
 
@@ -163,6 +191,7 @@ pub enum WindowEvent {
         device_id: DeviceId,
         state: ElementState,
         button: MouseButton,
+        #[deprecated = "Deprecated in favor of DeviceEvent::ModifiersChanged"]
         modifiers: ModifiersState,
     },
 
@@ -184,9 +213,6 @@ pub enum WindowEvent {
         value: f64,
     },
 
-    /// The OS or application has requested that the window be redrawn.
-    RedrawRequested,
-
     /// Touch event has been received
     Touch(Touch),
 
@@ -198,8 +224,16 @@ pub enum WindowEvent {
     /// * Changing the display's DPI factor (e.g. in Control Panel on Windows).
     /// * Moving the window to a display with a different DPI factor.
     ///
-    /// For more information about DPI in general, see the [`dpi`](../dpi/index.html) module.
+    /// For more information about DPI in general, see the [`dpi`](crate::dpi) module.
     HiDpiFactorChanged(f64),
+
+    /// The system window theme has changed.
+    ///
+    /// Applications might wish to react to this to change the theme of the content of the window
+    /// when the system changes the window theme.
+    ///
+    /// At the moment this is only supported on Windows.
+    ThemeChanged(Theme),
 }
 
 /// Identifier of an input device.
@@ -261,7 +295,19 @@ pub enum DeviceEvent {
         button: ButtonId,
         state: ElementState,
     },
+
     Key(KeyboardInput),
+
+    /// The keyboard modifiers have changed.
+    ///
+    /// This is tracked internally to avoid tracking errors arising from modifier key state changes when events from
+    /// this device are not being delivered to the application, e.g. due to keyboard focus being elsewhere.
+    ///
+    /// Platform-specific behavior:
+    /// - **Web**: This API is currently unimplemented on the web. This isn't by design - it's an
+    ///   issue, and it should get fixed - but it's the current state of the API.
+    ModifiersChanged(ModifiersState),
+
     Text {
         codepoint: char,
     },
@@ -290,6 +336,7 @@ pub struct KeyboardInput {
     ///
     /// This is tracked internally to avoid tracking errors arising from modifier key state changes when events from
     /// this device are not being delivered to the application, e.g. due to keyboard focus being elsewhere.
+    #[deprecated = "Deprecated in favor of DeviceEvent::ModifiersChanged"]
     pub modifiers: ModifiersState,
 }
 
@@ -303,30 +350,94 @@ pub enum TouchPhase {
     Cancelled,
 }
 
-/// Represents touch event
+/// Represents a touch event
 ///
-/// Every time user touches screen new Start event with some finger id is generated.
-/// When the finger is removed from the screen End event with same id is generated.
+/// Every time the user touches the screen, a new `Start` event with an unique
+/// identifier for the finger is generated. When the finger is lifted, an `End`
+/// event is generated with the same finger id.
 ///
-/// For every id there will be at least 2 events with phases Start and End (or Cancelled).
-/// There may be 0 or more Move events.
+/// After a `Start` event has been emitted, there may be zero or more `Move`
+/// events when the finger is moved or the touch pressure changes.
 ///
+/// The finger id may be reused by the system after an `End` event. The user
+/// should assume that a new `Start` event received with the same id has nothing
+/// to do with the old finger and is a new finger.
 ///
-/// Depending on platform implementation id may or may not be reused by system after End event.
-///
-/// Gesture regonizer using this event should assume that Start event received with same id
-/// as previously received End event is a new finger and has nothing to do with an old one.
-///
-/// Touch may be cancelled if for example window lost focus.
+/// A `Cancelled` event is emitted when the system has canceled tracking this
+/// touch, such as when the window loses focus, or on iOS if the user moves the
+/// device against their face.
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq)]
 pub struct Touch {
     pub device_id: DeviceId,
     pub phase: TouchPhase,
     pub location: LogicalPosition,
-    /// unique identifier of a finger.
+    /// Describes how hard the screen was pressed. May be `None` if the platform
+    /// does not support pressure sensitivity.
+    ///
+    /// ## Platform-specific
+    ///
+    /// - Only available on **iOS** 9.0+ and **Windows** 8+.
+    pub force: Option<Force>,
+    /// Unique identifier of a finger.
     pub id: u64,
 }
 
+/// Describes the force of a touch event
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq)]
+pub enum Force {
+    /// On iOS, the force is calibrated so that the same number corresponds to
+    /// roughly the same amount of pressure on the screen regardless of the
+    /// device.
+    Calibrated {
+        /// The force of the touch, where a value of 1.0 represents the force of
+        /// an average touch (predetermined by the system, not user-specific).
+        ///
+        /// The force reported by Apple Pencil is measured along the axis of the
+        /// pencil. If you want a force perpendicular to the device, you need to
+        /// calculate this value using the `altitude_angle` value.
+        force: f64,
+        /// The maximum possible force for a touch.
+        ///
+        /// The value of this field is sufficiently high to provide a wide
+        /// dynamic range for values of the `force` field.
+        max_possible_force: f64,
+        /// The altitude (in radians) of the stylus.
+        ///
+        /// A value of 0 radians indicates that the stylus is parallel to the
+        /// surface. The value of this property is Pi/2 when the stylus is
+        /// perpendicular to the surface.
+        altitude_angle: Option<f64>,
+    },
+    /// If the platform reports the force as normalized, we have no way of
+    /// knowing how much pressure 1.0 corresponds to – we know it's the maximum
+    /// amount of force, but as to how much force, you might either have to
+    /// press really really hard, or not hard at all, depending on the device.
+    Normalized(f64),
+}
+
+impl Force {
+    /// Returns the force normalized to the range between 0.0 and 1.0 inclusive.
+    /// Instead of normalizing the force, you should prefer to handle
+    /// `Force::Calibrated` so that the amount of force the user has to apply is
+    /// consistent across devices.
+    pub fn normalized(&self) -> f64 {
+        match self {
+            Force::Calibrated {
+                force,
+                max_possible_force,
+                altitude_angle,
+            } => {
+                let force = match altitude_angle {
+                    Some(altitude_angle) => force / altitude_angle.sin(),
+                    None => *force,
+                };
+                force / max_possible_force
+            }
+            Force::Normalized(force) => *force,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 /// Hardware-dependent keyboard scan code.
 pub type ScanCode = u32;
 
@@ -572,21 +683,99 @@ pub enum VirtualKeyCode {
     Cut,
 }
 
-/// Represents the current state of the keyboard modifiers
-///
-/// Each field of this struct represents a modifier and is `true` if this modifier is active.
-#[derive(Default, Debug, Hash, PartialEq, Eq, Clone, Copy)]
-#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
-#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", serde(default))]
-pub struct ModifiersState {
-    /// The "shift" key
-    pub shift: bool,
-    /// The "control" key
-    pub ctrl: bool,
-    /// The "alt" key
-    pub alt: bool,
-    /// The "logo" key
-    ///
-    /// This is the "windows" key on PC and "command" key on Mac.
-    pub logo: bool,
+impl ModifiersState {
+    /// Returns `true` if the shift key is pressed.
+    pub fn shift(&self) -> bool {
+        self.intersects(Self::SHIFT)
+    }
+    /// Returns `true` if the control key is pressed.
+    pub fn ctrl(&self) -> bool {
+        self.intersects(Self::CTRL)
+    }
+    /// Returns `true` if the alt key is pressed.
+    pub fn alt(&self) -> bool {
+        self.intersects(Self::ALT)
+    }
+    /// Returns `true` if the logo key is pressed.
+    pub fn logo(&self) -> bool {
+        self.intersects(Self::LOGO)
+    }
+}
+
+bitflags! {
+    /// Represents the current state of the keyboard modifiers
+    ///
+    /// Each flag represents a modifier and is set if this modifier is active.
+    #[derive(Default)]
+    pub struct ModifiersState: u32 {
+        // left and right modifiers are currently commented out, but we should be able to support
+        // them in a future release
+        /// The "shift" key.
+        const SHIFT = 0b100 << 0;
+        // const LSHIFT = 0b010 << 0;
+        // const RSHIFT = 0b001 << 0;
+        /// The "control" key.
+        const CTRL = 0b100 << 3;
+        // const LCTRL = 0b010 << 3;
+        // const RCTRL = 0b001 << 3;
+        /// The "alt" key.
+        const ALT = 0b100 << 6;
+        // const LALT = 0b010 << 6;
+        // const RALT = 0b001 << 6;
+        /// This is the "windows" key on PC and "command" key on Mac.
+        const LOGO = 0b100 << 9;
+        // const LLOGO = 0b010 << 9;
+        // const RLOGO = 0b001 << 9;
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(feature = "serde")]
+mod modifiers_serde {
+    use super::ModifiersState;
+    use serde::{Deserialize, Deserializer, Serialize, Serializer};
+
+    #[derive(Default, Serialize, Deserialize)]
+    #[serde(default)]
+    #[serde(rename = "ModifiersState")]
+    pub struct ModifiersStateSerialize {
+        pub shift: bool,
+        pub ctrl: bool,
+        pub alt: bool,
+        pub logo: bool,
+    }
+
+    impl Serialize for ModifiersState {
+        fn serialize<S>(&self, serializer: S) -> Result<S::Ok, S::Error>
+        where
+            S: Serializer,
+        {
+            let s = ModifiersStateSerialize {
+                shift: self.shift(),
+                ctrl: self.ctrl(),
+                alt: self.alt(),
+                logo: self.logo(),
+            };
+            s.serialize(serializer)
+        }
+    }
+
+    impl<'de> Deserialize<'de> for ModifiersState {
+        fn deserialize<D>(deserializer: D) -> Result<Self, D::Error>
+        where
+            D: Deserializer<'de>,
+        {
+            let ModifiersStateSerialize {
+                shift,
+                ctrl,
+                alt,
+                logo,
+            } = ModifiersStateSerialize::deserialize(deserializer)?;
+            let mut m = ModifiersState::empty();
+            m.set(ModifiersState::SHIFT, shift);
+            m.set(ModifiersState::CTRL, ctrl);
+            m.set(ModifiersState::ALT, alt);
+            m.set(ModifiersState::LOGO, logo);
+            Ok(m)
+        }
+    }
 }

src/event_loop.rs

@@ -6,16 +6,14 @@
 //! See the root-level documentation for information on how to create and use an event loop to
 //! handle events.
 //!
-//! [create_proxy]: ./struct.EventLoop.html#method.create_proxy
-//! [event_loop_proxy]: ./struct.EventLoopProxy.html
-//! [send_event]: ./struct.EventLoopProxy.html#method.send_event
-use std::{error, fmt, ops::Deref, time::Instant};
+//! [create_proxy]: crate::event_loop::EventLoop::create_proxy
+//! [event_loop_proxy]: crate::event_loop::EventLoopProxy
+//! [send_event]: crate::event_loop::EventLoopProxy::send_event
+use instant::Instant;
+use std::ops::Deref;
+use std::{error, fmt};
 
-use crate::{
-    event::Event,
-    monitor::{AvailableMonitorsIter, MonitorHandle},
-    platform_impl,
-};
+use crate::{event::Event, monitor::MonitorHandle, platform_impl};
 
 /// Provides a way to retrieve events from the system and from the windows that were registered to
 /// the events loop.
@@ -30,6 +28,7 @@ use crate::{
 /// forbidding it), as such it is neither `Send` nor `Sync`. If you need cross-thread access, the
 /// `Window` created from this `EventLoop` _can_ be sent to an other thread, and the
 /// `EventLoopProxy` allows you to wake up an `EventLoop` from another thread.
+///
 pub struct EventLoop<T: 'static> {
     pub(crate) event_loop: platform_impl::EventLoop<T>,
     pub(crate) _marker: ::std::marker::PhantomData<*mut ()>, // Not Send nor Sync
@@ -37,9 +36,10 @@ pub struct EventLoop<T: 'static> {
 
 /// Target that associates windows with an `EventLoop`.
 ///
-/// This type exists to allow you to create new windows while Winit executes your callback.
-/// `EventLoop` will coerce into this type, so functions that take this as a parameter can also
-/// take `&EventLoop`.
+/// This type exists to allow you to create new windows while Winit executes
+/// your callback. `EventLoop` will coerce into this type (`impl<T> Deref for
+/// EventLoop<T>`), so functions that take this as a parameter can also take
+/// `&EventLoop`.
 pub struct EventLoopWindowTarget<T: 'static> {
     pub(crate) p: platform_impl::EventLoopWindowTarget<T>,
     pub(crate) _marker: ::std::marker::PhantomData<*mut ()>, // Not Send nor Sync
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ impl<T> fmt::Debug for EventLoopWindowTarget<T> {
 
 /// Set by the user callback given to the `EventLoop::run` method.
 ///
-/// Indicates the desired behavior of the event loop after [`Event::EventsCleared`][events_cleared]
+/// Indicates the desired behavior of the event loop after [`Event::RedrawEventsCleared`][events_cleared]
 /// is emitted. Defaults to `Poll`.
 ///
 /// ## Persistency
@@ -68,8 +68,8 @@ impl<T> fmt::Debug for EventLoopWindowTarget<T> {
 /// are **not** persistent between multiple calls to `run_return` - issuing a new call will reset
 /// the control flow to `Poll`.
 ///
-/// [events_cleared]: ../event/enum.Event.html#variant.EventsCleared
-#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
+/// [events_cleared]: crate::event::Event::RedrawEventsCleared
+#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
 pub enum ControlFlow {
     /// When the current loop iteration finishes, immediately begin a new iteration regardless of
     /// whether or not new events are available to process.
@@ -95,16 +95,12 @@ impl Default for ControlFlow {
 impl EventLoop<()> {
     /// Builds a new event loop with a `()` as the user event type.
     ///
-    /// ## Platform-specific
-    ///
-    /// - **iOS:** Can only be called on the main thread.
-    pub fn new() -> EventLoop<()> {
-        EventLoop::<()>::new_user_event()
-    }
-}
-
-impl<T> EventLoop<T> {
-    /// Builds a new event loop.
+    /// ***For cross-platform compatibility, the `EventLoop` must be created on the main thread.***
+    /// Attempting to create the event loop on a different thread will panic. This restriction isn't
+    /// strictly necessary on all platforms, but is imposed to eliminate any nasty surprises when
+    /// porting to platforms that require it. `EventLoopExt::new_any_thread` functions are exposed
+    /// in the relevant `platform` module if the target platform supports creating an event loop on
+    /// any thread.
     ///
     /// Usage will result in display backend initialisation, this can be controlled on linux
     /// using an environment variable `WINIT_UNIX_BACKEND`. Legal values are `x11` and `wayland`.
@@ -114,7 +110,20 @@ impl<T> EventLoop<T> {
     /// ## Platform-specific
     ///
     /// - **iOS:** Can only be called on the main thread.
-    pub fn new_user_event() -> EventLoop<T> {
+    pub fn new() -> EventLoop<()> {
+        EventLoop::<()>::with_user_event()
+    }
+}
+
+impl<T> EventLoop<T> {
+    /// Builds a new event loop.
+    ///
+    /// All caveats documented in [`EventLoop::new`] apply to this function.
+    ///
+    /// ## Platform-specific
+    ///
+    /// - **iOS:** Can only be called on the main thread.
+    pub fn with_user_event() -> EventLoop<T> {
         EventLoop {
             event_loop: platform_impl::EventLoop::new(),
             _marker: ::std::marker::PhantomData,
@@ -130,7 +139,7 @@ impl<T> EventLoop<T> {
     ///
     /// Any values not passed to this function will *not* be dropped.
     ///
-    /// [`ControlFlow`]: ./enum.ControlFlow.html
+    /// [`ControlFlow`]: crate::event_loop::ControlFlow
     #[inline]
     pub fn run<F>(self, event_handler: F) -> !
     where
@@ -149,10 +158,10 @@ impl<T> EventLoop<T> {
     /// Returns the list of all the monitors available on the system.
     #[inline]
     pub fn available_monitors(&self) -> impl Iterator<Item = MonitorHandle> {
-        let data = self.event_loop.available_monitors();
-        AvailableMonitorsIter {
-            data: data.into_iter(),
-        }
+        self.event_loop
+            .available_monitors()
+            .into_iter()
+            .map(|inner| MonitorHandle { inner })
     }
 
     /// Returns the primary monitor of the system.
@@ -172,18 +181,25 @@ impl<T> Deref for EventLoop<T> {
 }
 
 /// Used to send custom events to `EventLoop`.
-#[derive(Clone)]
 pub struct EventLoopProxy<T: 'static> {
     event_loop_proxy: platform_impl::EventLoopProxy<T>,
 }
 
+impl<T: 'static> Clone for EventLoopProxy<T> {
+    fn clone(&self) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            event_loop_proxy: self.event_loop_proxy.clone(),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 impl<T: 'static> EventLoopProxy<T> {
     /// Send an event to the `EventLoop` from which this proxy was created. This emits a
     /// `UserEvent(event)` event in the event loop, where `event` is the value passed to this
     /// function.
     ///
     /// Returns an `Err` if the associated `EventLoop` no longer exists.
-    pub fn send_event(&self, event: T) -> Result<(), EventLoopClosed> {
+    pub fn send_event(&self, event: T) -> Result<(), EventLoopClosed<T>> {
         self.event_loop_proxy.send_event(event)
     }
 }
@@ -195,17 +211,17 @@ impl<T: 'static> fmt::Debug for EventLoopProxy<T> {
 }
 
 /// The error that is returned when an `EventLoopProxy` attempts to wake up an `EventLoop` that
-/// no longer exists.
-#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
-pub struct EventLoopClosed;
+/// no longer exists. Contains the original event given to `send_event`.
+#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
+pub struct EventLoopClosed<T>(pub T);
 
-impl fmt::Display for EventLoopClosed {
+impl<T: fmt::Debug> fmt::Display for EventLoopClosed<T> {
     fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
         write!(f, "{}", error::Error::description(self))
     }
 }
 
-impl error::Error for EventLoopClosed {
+impl<T: fmt::Debug> error::Error for EventLoopClosed<T> {
     fn description(&self) -> &str {
         "Tried to wake up a closed `EventLoop`"
     }

src/lib.rs

@@ -48,19 +48,16 @@
 //!
 //! event_loop.run(move |event, _, control_flow| {
 //!     match event {
-//!         Event::EventsCleared => {
+//!         Event::MainEventsCleared => {
 //!             // Application update code.
-//!     
+//!
 //!             // Queue a RedrawRequested event.
 //!             window.request_redraw();
 //!         },
-//!         Event::WindowEvent {
-//!             event: WindowEvent::RedrawRequested,
-//!             ..
-//!         } => {
+//!         Event::RedrawRequested(_) => {
 //!             // Redraw the application.
 //!             //
-//!             // It's preferrable to render in this event rather than in EventsCleared, since
+//!             // It's preferrable to render in this event rather than in MainEventsCleared, since
 //!             // rendering in here allows the program to gracefully handle redraws requested
 //!             // by the OS.
 //!         },
@@ -92,25 +89,26 @@
 //! retrieve the raw handle of the window (see the [`platform`] module), which in turn allows you
 //! to create an OpenGL/Vulkan/DirectX/Metal/etc. context that will draw on the [`Window`].
 //!
-//! [`EventLoop`]: ./event_loop/struct.EventLoop.html
-//! [`EventLoop::new()`]: ./event_loop/struct.EventLoop.html#method.new
-//! [event_loop_run]: ./event_loop/struct.EventLoop.html#method.run
-//! [`ControlFlow`]: ./event_loop/enum.ControlFlow.html
-//! [`Exit`]: ./event_loop/enum.ControlFlow.html#variant.Exit
-//! [`Window`]: ./window/struct.Window.html
-//! [`WindowBuilder`]: ./window/struct.WindowBuilder.html
-//! [window_new]: ./window/struct.Window.html#method.new
-//! [window_builder_new]: ./window/struct.WindowBuilder.html#method.new
-//! [window_builder_build]: ./window/struct.WindowBuilder.html#method.build
-//! [window_id_fn]: ./window/struct.Window.html#method.id
-//! [`Event`]: ./event/enum.Event.html
-//! [`WindowEvent`]: ./event/enum.WindowEvent.html
-//! [`DeviceEvent`]: ./event/enum.DeviceEvent.html
-//! [`UserEvent`]: ./event/enum.Event.html#variant.UserEvent
-//! [`LoopDestroyed`]: ./event/enum.Event.html#variant.LoopDestroyed
-//! [`platform`]: ./platform/index.html
+//! [`EventLoop`]: event_loop::EventLoop
+//! [`EventLoop::new()`]: event_loop::EventLoop::new
+//! [event_loop_run]: event_loop::EventLoop::run
+//! [`ControlFlow`]: event_loop::ControlFlow
+//! [`Exit`]: event_loop::ControlFlow::Exit
+//! [`Window`]: window::Window
+//! [`WindowBuilder`]: window::WindowBuilder
+//! [window_new]: window::Window::new
+//! [window_builder_new]: window::WindowBuilder::new
+//! [window_builder_build]: window::WindowBuilder::build
+//! [window_id_fn]: window::Window::id
+//! [`Event`]: event::Event
+//! [`WindowEvent`]: event::WindowEvent
+//! [`DeviceEvent`]: event::DeviceEvent
+//! [`UserEvent`]: event::Event::UserEvent
+//! [`LoopDestroyed`]: event::Event::LoopDestroyed
+//! [`platform`]: platform
 
 #![deny(rust_2018_idioms)]
+#![deny(intra_doc_link_resolution_failure)]
 
 #[allow(unused_imports)]
 #[macro_use]
@@ -121,14 +119,12 @@ extern crate log;
 #[macro_use]
 extern crate serde;
 #[macro_use]
-#[cfg(target_os = "windows")]
-extern crate derivative;
-#[macro_use]
-#[cfg(target_os = "windows")]
 extern crate bitflags;
 #[cfg(any(target_os = "macos", target_os = "ios"))]
 #[macro_use]
 extern crate objc;
+#[cfg(all(target_arch = "wasm32", feature = "std_web"))]
+extern crate std_web as stdweb;
 
 pub mod dpi;
 #[macro_use]

src/monitor.rs

@@ -1,68 +1,65 @@
 //! Types useful for interacting with a user's monitors.
 //!
-//! If you want to get basic information about a monitor, you can use the [`MonitorHandle`][monitor_id]
-//! type. This is retreived from an [`AvailableMonitorsIter`][monitor_iter], which can be acquired
-//! with:
+//! If you want to get basic information about a monitor, you can use the [`MonitorHandle`][monitor_handle]
+//! type. This is retreived from one of the following methods, which return an iterator of
+//! [`MonitorHandle`][monitor_handle]:
 //! - [`EventLoop::available_monitors`][loop_get]
 //! - [`Window::available_monitors`][window_get].
 //!
-//! [monitor_id]: ./struct.MonitorHandle.html
-//! [monitor_iter]: ./struct.AvailableMonitorsIter.html
-//! [loop_get]: ../event_loop/struct.EventLoop.html#method.available_monitors
-//! [window_get]: ../window/struct.Window.html#method.available_monitors
-use std::collections::vec_deque::IntoIter as VecDequeIter;
-
+//! [monitor_handle]: crate::monitor::MonitorHandle
+//! [loop_get]: crate::event_loop::EventLoop::available_monitors
+//! [window_get]: crate::window::Window::available_monitors
 use crate::{
     dpi::{PhysicalPosition, PhysicalSize},
     platform_impl,
 };
 
-/// An iterator over all available monitors.
-///
-/// Can be acquired with:
-/// - [`EventLoop::available_monitors`][loop_get]
-/// - [`Window::available_monitors`][window_get].
-///
-/// [loop_get]: ../event_loop/struct.EventLoop.html#method.available_monitors
-/// [window_get]: ../window/struct.Window.html#method.available_monitors
-// Implementation note: we retrieve the list once, then serve each element by one by one.
-// This may change in the future.
-#[derive(Debug)]
-pub struct AvailableMonitorsIter {
-    pub(crate) data: VecDequeIter<platform_impl::MonitorHandle>,
-}
-
-impl Iterator for AvailableMonitorsIter {
-    type Item = MonitorHandle;
-
-    #[inline]
-    fn next(&mut self) -> Option<MonitorHandle> {
-        self.data.next().map(|id| MonitorHandle { inner: id })
-    }
-
-    #[inline]
-    fn size_hint(&self) -> (usize, Option<usize>) {
-        self.data.size_hint()
-    }
-}
-
 /// Describes a fullscreen video mode of a monitor.
 ///
 /// Can be acquired with:
 /// - [`MonitorHandle::video_modes`][monitor_get].
 ///
-/// [monitor_get]: ../monitor/struct.MonitorHandle.html#method.video_modes
-#[derive(Debug, Clone, Eq, PartialEq, Hash)]
+/// [monitor_get]: crate::monitor::MonitorHandle::video_modes
+#[derive(Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
 pub struct VideoMode {
-    pub(crate) size: (u32, u32),
-    pub(crate) bit_depth: u16,
-    pub(crate) refresh_rate: u16,
+    pub(crate) video_mode: platform_impl::VideoMode,
+}
+
+impl std::fmt::Debug for VideoMode {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
+        self.video_mode.fmt(f)
+    }
+}
+
+impl PartialOrd for VideoMode {
+    fn partial_cmp(&self, other: &VideoMode) -> Option<std::cmp::Ordering> {
+        Some(self.cmp(other))
+    }
+}
+
+impl Ord for VideoMode {
+    fn cmp(&self, other: &VideoMode) -> std::cmp::Ordering {
+        // TODO: we can impl `Ord` for `PhysicalSize` once we switch from `f32`
+        // to `u32` there
+        let size: (u32, u32) = self.size().into();
+        let other_size: (u32, u32) = other.size().into();
+        self.monitor().cmp(&other.monitor()).then(
+            size.cmp(&other_size)
+                .then(
+                    self.refresh_rate()
+                        .cmp(&other.refresh_rate())
+                        .then(self.bit_depth().cmp(&other.bit_depth())),
+                )
+                .reverse(),
+        )
+    }
 }
 
 impl VideoMode {
     /// Returns the resolution of this video mode.
+    #[inline]
     pub fn size(&self) -> PhysicalSize {
-        self.size.into()
+        self.video_mode.size()
     }
 
     /// Returns the bit depth of this video mode, as in how many bits you have
@@ -73,15 +70,37 @@ impl VideoMode {
     ///
     /// - **Wayland:** Always returns 32.
     /// - **iOS:** Always returns 32.
+    #[inline]
     pub fn bit_depth(&self) -> u16 {
-        self.bit_depth
+        self.video_mode.bit_depth()
     }
 
     /// Returns the refresh rate of this video mode. **Note**: the returned
     /// refresh rate is an integer approximation, and you shouldn't rely on this
     /// value to be exact.
+    #[inline]
     pub fn refresh_rate(&self) -> u16 {
-        self.refresh_rate
+        self.video_mode.refresh_rate()
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the monitor that this video mode is valid for. Each monitor has
+    /// a separate set of valid video modes.
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn monitor(&self) -> MonitorHandle {
+        self.video_mode.monitor()
+    }
+}
+
+impl std::fmt::Display for VideoMode {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
+        write!(
+            f,
+            "{}x{} @ {} Hz ({} bpp)",
+            self.size().width,
+            self.size().height,
+            self.refresh_rate(),
+            self.bit_depth()
+        )
     }
 }
 
@@ -89,8 +108,8 @@ impl VideoMode {
 ///
 /// Allows you to retrieve information about a given monitor and can be used in [`Window`] creation.
 ///
-/// [`Window`]: ../window/struct.Window.html
-#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+/// [`Window`]: crate::window::Window
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord)]
 pub struct MonitorHandle {
     pub(crate) inner: platform_impl::MonitorHandle,
 }
@@ -99,12 +118,20 @@ impl MonitorHandle {
     /// Returns a human-readable name of the monitor.
     ///
     /// Returns `None` if the monitor doesn't exist anymore.
+    ///
+    /// ## Platform-specific
+    ///
+    /// - **Web:** Always returns None
     #[inline]
     pub fn name(&self) -> Option<String> {
         self.inner.name()
     }
 
     /// Returns the monitor's resolution.
+    ///
+    /// ## Platform-specific
+    ///
+    /// - **Web:** Always returns (0,0)
     #[inline]
     pub fn size(&self) -> PhysicalSize {
         self.inner.size()
@@ -112,6 +139,10 @@ impl MonitorHandle {
 
     /// Returns the top-left corner position of the monitor relative to the larger full
     /// screen area.
+    ///
+    /// ## Platform-specific
+    ///
+    /// - **Web:** Always returns (0,0)
     #[inline]
     pub fn position(&self) -> PhysicalPosition {
         self.inner.position()
@@ -119,18 +150,23 @@ impl MonitorHandle {
 
     /// Returns the DPI factor that can be used to map logical pixels to physical pixels, and vice versa.
     ///
-    /// See the [`dpi`](../dpi/index.html) module for more information.
+    /// See the [`dpi`](crate::dpi) module for more information.
     ///
     /// ## Platform-specific
     ///
     /// - **X11:** Can be overridden using the `WINIT_HIDPI_FACTOR` environment variable.
     /// - **Android:** Always returns 1.0.
+    /// - **Web:** Always returns 1.0
     #[inline]
     pub fn hidpi_factor(&self) -> f64 {
         self.inner.hidpi_factor()
     }
 
     /// Returns all fullscreen video modes supported by this monitor.
+    ///
+    /// ## Platform-specific
+    ///
+    /// - **Web:** Always returns an empty iterator
     #[inline]
     pub fn video_modes(&self) -> impl Iterator<Item = VideoMode> {
         self.inner.video_modes()

src/platform/ios.rs

@@ -4,13 +4,13 @@ use std::os::raw::c_void;
 
 use crate::{
     event_loop::EventLoop,
-    monitor::MonitorHandle,
+    monitor::{MonitorHandle, VideoMode},
     window::{Window, WindowBuilder},
 };
 
-/// Additional methods on `EventLoop` that are specific to iOS.
+/// Additional methods on [`EventLoop`] that are specific to iOS.
 pub trait EventLoopExtIOS {
-    /// Returns the idiom (phone/tablet/tv/etc) for the current device.
+    /// Returns the [`Idiom`] (phone/tablet/tv/etc) for the current device.
     fn idiom(&self) -> Idiom;
 }
 
@@ -20,32 +20,80 @@ impl<T: 'static> EventLoopExtIOS for EventLoop<T> {
     }
 }
 
-/// Additional methods on `Window` that are specific to iOS.
+/// Additional methods on [`Window`] that are specific to iOS.
 pub trait WindowExtIOS {
-    /// Returns a pointer to the `UIWindow` that is used by this window.
+    /// Returns a pointer to the [`UIWindow`] that is used by this window.
     ///
-    /// The pointer will become invalid when the `Window` is destroyed.
+    /// The pointer will become invalid when the [`Window`] is destroyed.
+    ///
+    /// [`UIWindow`]: https://developer.apple.com/documentation/uikit/uiwindow?language=objc
     fn ui_window(&self) -> *mut c_void;
 
-    /// Returns a pointer to the `UIViewController` that is used by this window.
+    /// Returns a pointer to the [`UIViewController`] that is used by this window.
     ///
-    /// The pointer will become invalid when the `Window` is destroyed.
+    /// The pointer will become invalid when the [`Window`] is destroyed.
+    ///
+    /// [`UIViewController`]: https://developer.apple.com/documentation/uikit/uiviewcontroller?language=objc
     fn ui_view_controller(&self) -> *mut c_void;
 
-    /// Returns a pointer to the `UIView` that is used by this window.
+    /// Returns a pointer to the [`UIView`] that is used by this window.
     ///
-    /// The pointer will become invalid when the `Window` is destroyed.
+    /// The pointer will become invalid when the [`Window`] is destroyed.
+    ///
+    /// [`UIView`]: https://developer.apple.com/documentation/uikit/uiview?language=objc
     fn ui_view(&self) -> *mut c_void;
 
-    /// Sets the HiDpi factor used by this window.
+    /// Sets the [`contentScaleFactor`] of the underlying [`UIWindow`] to `hidpi_factor`.
     ///
-    /// This translates to `-[UIWindow setContentScaleFactor:hidpi_factor]`.
+    /// The default value is device dependent, and it's recommended GLES or Metal applications set
+    /// this to [`MonitorHandle::hidpi_factor()`].
+    ///
+    /// [`UIWindow`]: https://developer.apple.com/documentation/uikit/uiwindow?language=objc
+    /// [`contentScaleFactor`]: https://developer.apple.com/documentation/uikit/uiview/1622657-contentscalefactor?language=objc
     fn set_hidpi_factor(&self, hidpi_factor: f64);
 
-    /// Sets the valid orientations for screens showing this `Window`.
+    /// Sets the valid orientations for the [`Window`].
     ///
-    /// On iPhones and iPods upside down portrait is never enabled.
+    /// The default value is [`ValidOrientations::LandscapeAndPortrait`].
+    ///
+    /// This changes the value returned by
+    /// [`-[UIViewController supportedInterfaceOrientations]`](https://developer.apple.com/documentation/uikit/uiviewcontroller/1621435-supportedinterfaceorientations?language=objc),
+    /// and then calls
+    /// [`-[UIViewController attemptRotationToDeviceOrientation]`](https://developer.apple.com/documentation/uikit/uiviewcontroller/1621400-attemptrotationtodeviceorientati?language=objc).
     fn set_valid_orientations(&self, valid_orientations: ValidOrientations);
+
+    /// Sets whether the [`Window`] prefers the home indicator hidden.
+    ///
+    /// The default is to prefer showing the home indicator.
+    ///
+    /// This changes the value returned by
+    /// [`-[UIViewController prefersHomeIndicatorAutoHidden]`](https://developer.apple.com/documentation/uikit/uiviewcontroller/2887510-prefershomeindicatorautohidden?language=objc),
+    /// and then calls
+    /// [`-[UIViewController setNeedsUpdateOfHomeIndicatorAutoHidden]`](https://developer.apple.com/documentation/uikit/uiviewcontroller/2887509-setneedsupdateofhomeindicatoraut?language=objc).
+    ///
+    /// This only has an effect on iOS 11.0+.
+    fn set_prefers_home_indicator_hidden(&self, hidden: bool);
+
+    /// Sets the screen edges for which the system gestures will take a lower priority than the
+    /// application's touch handling.
+    ///
+    /// This changes the value returned by
+    /// [`-[UIViewController preferredScreenEdgesDeferringSystemGestures]`](https://developer.apple.com/documentation/uikit/uiviewcontroller/2887512-preferredscreenedgesdeferringsys?language=objc),
+    /// and then calls
+    /// [`-[UIViewController setNeedsUpdateOfScreenEdgesDeferringSystemGestures]`](https://developer.apple.com/documentation/uikit/uiviewcontroller/2887507-setneedsupdateofscreenedgesdefer?language=objc).
+    ///
+    /// This only has an effect on iOS 11.0+.
+    fn set_preferred_screen_edges_deferring_system_gestures(&self, edges: ScreenEdge);
+
+    /// Sets whether the [`Window`] prefers the status bar hidden.
+    ///
+    /// The default is to prefer showing the status bar.
+    ///
+    /// This changes the value returned by
+    /// [`-[UIViewController prefersStatusBarHidden]`](https://developer.apple.com/documentation/uikit/uiviewcontroller/1621440-prefersstatusbarhidden?language=objc),
+    /// and then calls
+    /// [`-[UIViewController setNeedsStatusBarAppearanceUpdate]`](https://developer.apple.com/documentation/uikit/uiviewcontroller/1621354-setneedsstatusbarappearanceupdat?language=objc).
+    fn set_prefers_status_bar_hidden(&self, hidden: bool);
 }
 
 impl WindowExtIOS for Window {
@@ -73,23 +121,79 @@ impl WindowExtIOS for Window {
     fn set_valid_orientations(&self, valid_orientations: ValidOrientations) {
         self.window.set_valid_orientations(valid_orientations)
     }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn set_prefers_home_indicator_hidden(&self, hidden: bool) {
+        self.window.set_prefers_home_indicator_hidden(hidden)
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn set_preferred_screen_edges_deferring_system_gestures(&self, edges: ScreenEdge) {
+        self.window
+            .set_preferred_screen_edges_deferring_system_gestures(edges)
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn set_prefers_status_bar_hidden(&self, hidden: bool) {
+        self.window.set_prefers_status_bar_hidden(hidden)
+    }
 }
 
-/// Additional methods on `WindowBuilder` that are specific to iOS.
+/// Additional methods on [`WindowBuilder`] that are specific to iOS.
 pub trait WindowBuilderExtIOS {
-    /// Sets the root view class used by the `Window`, otherwise a barebones `UIView` is provided.
+    /// Sets the root view class used by the [`Window`], otherwise a barebones [`UIView`] is provided.
     ///
-    /// The class will be initialized by calling `[root_view initWithFrame:CGRect]`
+    /// An instance of the class will be initialized by calling [`-[UIView initWithFrame:]`](https://developer.apple.com/documentation/uikit/uiview/1622488-initwithframe?language=objc).
+    ///
+    /// [`UIView`]: https://developer.apple.com/documentation/uikit/uiview?language=objc
     fn with_root_view_class(self, root_view_class: *const c_void) -> WindowBuilder;
 
-    /// Sets the `contentScaleFactor` of the underlying `UIWindow` to `hidpi_factor`.
+    /// Sets the [`contentScaleFactor`] of the underlying [`UIWindow`] to `hidpi_factor`.
     ///
     /// The default value is device dependent, and it's recommended GLES or Metal applications set
-    /// this to `MonitorHandle::hidpi_factor()`.
+    /// this to [`MonitorHandle::hidpi_factor()`].
+    ///
+    /// [`UIWindow`]: https://developer.apple.com/documentation/uikit/uiwindow?language=objc
+    /// [`contentScaleFactor`]: https://developer.apple.com/documentation/uikit/uiview/1622657-contentscalefactor?language=objc
     fn with_hidpi_factor(self, hidpi_factor: f64) -> WindowBuilder;
 
-    /// Sets the valid orientations for the `Window`.
+    /// Sets the valid orientations for the [`Window`].
+    ///
+    /// The default value is [`ValidOrientations::LandscapeAndPortrait`].
+    ///
+    /// This sets the initial value returned by
+    /// [`-[UIViewController supportedInterfaceOrientations]`](https://developer.apple.com/documentation/uikit/uiviewcontroller/1621435-supportedinterfaceorientations?language=objc).
     fn with_valid_orientations(self, valid_orientations: ValidOrientations) -> WindowBuilder;
+
+    /// Sets whether the [`Window`] prefers the home indicator hidden.
+    ///
+    /// The default is to prefer showing the home indicator.
+    ///
+    /// This sets the initial value returned by
+    /// [`-[UIViewController prefersHomeIndicatorAutoHidden]`](https://developer.apple.com/documentation/uikit/uiviewcontroller/2887510-prefershomeindicatorautohidden?language=objc).
+    ///
+    /// This only has an effect on iOS 11.0+.
+    fn with_prefers_home_indicator_hidden(self, hidden: bool) -> WindowBuilder;
+
+    /// Sets the screen edges for which the system gestures will take a lower priority than the
+    /// application's touch handling.
+    ///
+    /// This sets the initial value returned by
+    /// [`-[UIViewController preferredScreenEdgesDeferringSystemGestures]`](https://developer.apple.com/documentation/uikit/uiviewcontroller/2887512-preferredscreenedgesdeferringsys?language=objc).
+    ///
+    /// This only has an effect on iOS 11.0+.
+    fn with_preferred_screen_edges_deferring_system_gestures(
+        self,
+        edges: ScreenEdge,
+    ) -> WindowBuilder;
+
+    /// Sets whether the [`Window`] prefers the status bar hidden.
+    ///
+    /// The default is to prefer showing the status bar.
+    ///
+    /// This sets the initial value returned by
+    /// [`-[UIViewController prefersStatusBarHidden]`](https://developer.apple.com/documentation/uikit/uiviewcontroller/1621440-prefersstatusbarhidden?language=objc).
+    fn with_prefers_status_bar_hidden(self, hidden: bool) -> WindowBuilder;
 }
 
 impl WindowBuilderExtIOS for WindowBuilder {
@@ -110,12 +214,41 @@ impl WindowBuilderExtIOS for WindowBuilder {
         self.platform_specific.valid_orientations = valid_orientations;
         self
     }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn with_prefers_home_indicator_hidden(mut self, hidden: bool) -> WindowBuilder {
+        self.platform_specific.prefers_home_indicator_hidden = hidden;
+        self
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn with_preferred_screen_edges_deferring_system_gestures(
+        mut self,
+        edges: ScreenEdge,
+    ) -> WindowBuilder {
+        self.platform_specific
+            .preferred_screen_edges_deferring_system_gestures = edges;
+        self
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn with_prefers_status_bar_hidden(mut self, hidden: bool) -> WindowBuilder {
+        self.platform_specific.prefers_status_bar_hidden = hidden;
+        self
+    }
 }
 
-/// Additional methods on `MonitorHandle` that are specific to iOS.
+/// Additional methods on [`MonitorHandle`] that are specific to iOS.
 pub trait MonitorHandleExtIOS {
-    /// Returns a pointer to the `UIScreen` that is used by this monitor.
+    /// Returns a pointer to the [`UIScreen`] that is used by this monitor.
+    ///
+    /// [`UIScreen`]: https://developer.apple.com/documentation/uikit/uiscreen?language=objc
     fn ui_screen(&self) -> *mut c_void;
+
+    /// Returns the preferred [`VideoMode`] for this monitor.
+    ///
+    /// This translates to a call to [`-[UIScreen preferredMode]`](https://developer.apple.com/documentation/uikit/uiscreen/1617823-preferredmode?language=objc).
+    fn preferred_video_mode(&self) -> VideoMode;
 }
 
 impl MonitorHandleExtIOS for MonitorHandle {
@@ -123,9 +256,14 @@ impl MonitorHandleExtIOS for MonitorHandle {
     fn ui_screen(&self) -> *mut c_void {
         self.inner.ui_screen() as _
     }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn preferred_video_mode(&self) -> VideoMode {
+        self.inner.preferred_video_mode()
+    }
 }
 
-/// Valid orientations for a particular `Window`.
+/// Valid orientations for a particular [`Window`].
 #[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug)]
 pub enum ValidOrientations {
     /// Excludes `PortraitUpsideDown` on iphone
@@ -161,3 +299,19 @@ pub enum Idiom {
     TV,
     CarPlay,
 }
+
+bitflags! {
+    /// The [edges] of a screen.
+    ///
+    /// [edges]: https://developer.apple.com/documentation/uikit/uirectedge?language=objc
+    #[derive(Default)]
+    pub struct ScreenEdge: u8 {
+        const NONE   = 0;
+        const TOP    = 1 << 0;
+        const LEFT   = 1 << 1;
+        const BOTTOM = 1 << 2;
+        const RIGHT  = 1 << 3;
+        const ALL = ScreenEdge::TOP.bits | ScreenEdge::LEFT.bits
+            | ScreenEdge::BOTTOM.bits | ScreenEdge::RIGHT.bits;
+    }
+}

src/platform/macos.rs

@@ -129,6 +129,7 @@ pub trait WindowBuilderExtMacOS {
     fn with_fullsize_content_view(self, fullsize_content_view: bool) -> WindowBuilder;
     /// Build window with `resizeIncrements` property. Values must not be 0.
     fn with_resize_increments(self, increments: LogicalSize) -> WindowBuilder;
+    fn with_disallow_hidpi(self, disallow_hidpi: bool) -> WindowBuilder;
 }
 
 impl WindowBuilderExtMacOS for WindowBuilder {
@@ -182,6 +183,12 @@ impl WindowBuilderExtMacOS for WindowBuilder {
         self.platform_specific.resize_increments = Some(increments.into());
         self
     }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn with_disallow_hidpi(mut self, disallow_hidpi: bool) -> WindowBuilder {
+        self.platform_specific.disallow_hidpi = disallow_hidpi;
+        self
+    }
 }
 
 /// Additional methods on `MonitorHandle` that are specific to MacOS.

src/platform/mod.rs

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
 //!  - `macos`
 //!  - `unix`
 //!  - `windows`
+//!  - `web`
 //!
 //! And the following platform-specific module:
 //!
@@ -21,3 +22,4 @@ pub mod unix;
 pub mod windows;
 
 pub mod desktop;
+pub mod web;

src/platform/unix.rs

@@ -6,14 +6,15 @@ use smithay_client_toolkit::window::{ButtonState, Theme};
 
 use crate::{
     dpi::LogicalSize,
-    event_loop::EventLoop,
+    event_loop::{EventLoop, EventLoopWindowTarget},
     monitor::MonitorHandle,
     window::{Window, WindowBuilder},
 };
 
 use crate::platform_impl::{
     x11::{ffi::XVisualInfo, XConnection},
-    EventLoop as LinuxEventLoop, Window as LinuxWindow,
+    EventLoop as LinuxEventLoop, EventLoopWindowTarget as LinuxEventLoopWindowTarget,
+    Window as LinuxWindow,
 };
 
 // TODO: stupid hack so that glutin can do its work
@@ -90,83 +91,146 @@ impl Theme for WaylandThemeObject {
     }
 }
 
-/// Additional methods on `EventLoop` that are specific to Unix.
-pub trait EventLoopExtUnix {
-    /// Builds a new `EventLoops` that is forced to use X11.
-    fn new_x11() -> Result<Self, XNotSupported>
-    where
-        Self: Sized;
-
-    /// Builds a new `EventLoop` that is forced to use Wayland.
-    fn new_wayland() -> Self
-    where
-        Self: Sized;
-
-    /// True if the `EventLoop` uses Wayland.
+/// Additional methods on `EventLoopWindowTarget` that are specific to Unix.
+pub trait EventLoopWindowTargetExtUnix {
+    /// True if the `EventLoopWindowTarget` uses Wayland.
     fn is_wayland(&self) -> bool;
-
-    /// True if the `EventLoop` uses X11.
+    ///
+    /// True if the `EventLoopWindowTarget` uses X11.
     fn is_x11(&self) -> bool;
 
     #[doc(hidden)]
     fn xlib_xconnection(&self) -> Option<Arc<XConnection>>;
 
-    /// Returns a pointer to the `wl_display` object of wayland that is used by this `EventLoop`.
+    /// Returns a pointer to the `wl_display` object of wayland that is used by this
+    /// `EventLoopWindowTarget`.
     ///
     /// Returns `None` if the `EventLoop` doesn't use wayland (if it uses xlib for example).
     ///
-    /// The pointer will become invalid when the glutin `EventLoop` is destroyed.
+    /// The pointer will become invalid when the winit `EventLoop` is destroyed.
     fn wayland_display(&self) -> Option<*mut raw::c_void>;
 }
 
-impl<T> EventLoopExtUnix for EventLoop<T> {
-    #[inline]
-    fn new_x11() -> Result<Self, XNotSupported> {
-        LinuxEventLoop::new_x11().map(|ev| EventLoop {
-            event_loop: ev,
-            _marker: ::std::marker::PhantomData,
-        })
-    }
-
-    #[inline]
-    fn new_wayland() -> Self {
-        EventLoop {
-            event_loop: match LinuxEventLoop::new_wayland() {
-                Ok(e) => e,
-                Err(_) => panic!(), // TODO: propagate
-            },
-            _marker: ::std::marker::PhantomData,
-        }
-    }
-
+impl<T> EventLoopWindowTargetExtUnix for EventLoopWindowTarget<T> {
     #[inline]
     fn is_wayland(&self) -> bool {
-        self.event_loop.is_wayland()
+        self.p.is_wayland()
     }
 
     #[inline]
     fn is_x11(&self) -> bool {
-        !self.event_loop.is_wayland()
+        !self.p.is_wayland()
     }
 
     #[inline]
     #[doc(hidden)]
     fn xlib_xconnection(&self) -> Option<Arc<XConnection>> {
-        match self.event_loop {
-            LinuxEventLoop::X(ref e) => Some(e.x_connection().clone()),
+        match self.p {
+            LinuxEventLoopWindowTarget::X(ref e) => Some(e.x_connection().clone()),
             _ => None,
         }
     }
 
     #[inline]
     fn wayland_display(&self) -> Option<*mut raw::c_void> {
-        match self.event_loop {
-            LinuxEventLoop::Wayland(ref e) => Some(e.display().get_display_ptr() as *mut _),
+        match self.p {
+            LinuxEventLoopWindowTarget::Wayland(ref p) => {
+                Some(p.display().get_display_ptr() as *mut _)
+            }
             _ => None,
         }
     }
 }
 
+/// Additional methods on `EventLoop` that are specific to Unix.
+pub trait EventLoopExtUnix {
+    /// Builds a new `EventLoop` that is forced to use X11.
+    ///
+    /// # Panics
+    ///
+    /// If called outside the main thread. To initialize an X11 event loop outside
+    /// the main thread, use [`new_x11_any_thread`](#tymethod.new_x11_any_thread).
+    fn new_x11() -> Result<Self, XNotSupported>
+    where
+        Self: Sized;
+
+    /// Builds a new `EventLoop` that is forced to use Wayland.
+    ///
+    /// # Panics
+    ///
+    /// If called outside the main thread. To initialize a Wayland event loop outside
+    /// the main thread, use [`new_wayland_any_thread`](#tymethod.new_wayland_any_thread).
+    fn new_wayland() -> Self
+    where
+        Self: Sized;
+
+    /// Builds a new `EventLoop` on any thread.
+    ///
+    /// This method bypasses the cross-platform compatibility requirement
+    /// that `EventLoop` be created on the main thread.
+    fn new_any_thread() -> Self
+    where
+        Self: Sized;
+
+    /// Builds a new X11 `EventLoop` on any thread.
+    ///
+    /// This method bypasses the cross-platform compatibility requirement
+    /// that `EventLoop` be created on the main thread.
+    fn new_x11_any_thread() -> Result<Self, XNotSupported>
+    where
+        Self: Sized;
+
+    /// Builds a new Wayland `EventLoop` on any thread.
+    ///
+    /// This method bypasses the cross-platform compatibility requirement
+    /// that `EventLoop` be created on the main thread.
+    fn new_wayland_any_thread() -> Self
+    where
+        Self: Sized;
+}
+
+fn wrap_ev<T>(event_loop: LinuxEventLoop<T>) -> EventLoop<T> {
+    EventLoop {
+        event_loop,
+        _marker: std::marker::PhantomData,
+    }
+}
+
+impl<T> EventLoopExtUnix for EventLoop<T> {
+    #[inline]
+    fn new_any_thread() -> Self {
+        wrap_ev(LinuxEventLoop::new_any_thread())
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn new_x11_any_thread() -> Result<Self, XNotSupported> {
+        LinuxEventLoop::new_x11_any_thread().map(wrap_ev)
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn new_wayland_any_thread() -> Self {
+        wrap_ev(
+            LinuxEventLoop::new_wayland_any_thread()
+                // TODO: propagate
+                .expect("failed to open Wayland connection"),
+        )
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn new_x11() -> Result<Self, XNotSupported> {
+        LinuxEventLoop::new_x11().map(wrap_ev)
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn new_wayland() -> Self {
+        wrap_ev(
+            LinuxEventLoop::new_wayland()
+                // TODO: propagate
+                .expect("failed to open Wayland connection"),
+        )
+    }
+}
+
 /// Additional methods on `Window` that are specific to Unix.
 pub trait WindowExtUnix {
     /// Returns the ID of the `Window` xlib object that is used by this window.
@@ -258,17 +322,17 @@ impl WindowExtUnix for Window {
     }
 
     #[inline]
-    fn xcb_connection(&self) -> Option<*mut raw::c_void> {
-        match self.window {
-            LinuxWindow::X(ref w) => Some(w.xcb_connection()),
-            _ => None,
+    fn set_urgent(&self, is_urgent: bool) {
+        if let LinuxWindow::X(ref w) = self.window {
+            w.set_urgent(is_urgent);
         }
     }
 
     #[inline]
-    fn set_urgent(&self, is_urgent: bool) {
-        if let LinuxWindow::X(ref w) = self.window {
-            w.set_urgent(is_urgent);
+    fn xcb_connection(&self) -> Option<*mut raw::c_void> {
+        match self.window {
+            LinuxWindow::X(ref w) => Some(w.xcb_connection()),
+            _ => None,
         }
     }
 
@@ -304,82 +368,82 @@ impl WindowExtUnix for Window {
 
 /// Additional methods on `WindowBuilder` that are specific to Unix.
 pub trait WindowBuilderExtUnix {
-    fn with_x11_visual<T>(self, visual_infos: *const T) -> WindowBuilder;
-    fn with_x11_screen(self, screen_id: i32) -> WindowBuilder;
+    fn with_x11_visual<T>(self, visual_infos: *const T) -> Self;
+    fn with_x11_screen(self, screen_id: i32) -> Self;
 
     /// Build window with `WM_CLASS` hint; defaults to the name of the binary. Only relevant on X11.
-    fn with_class(self, class: String, instance: String) -> WindowBuilder;
+    fn with_class(self, class: String, instance: String) -> Self;
     /// Build window with override-redirect flag; defaults to false. Only relevant on X11.
-    fn with_override_redirect(self, override_redirect: bool) -> WindowBuilder;
-    /// Build window with `_NET_WM_WINDOW_TYPE` hint; defaults to `Normal`. Only relevant on X11.
-    fn with_x11_window_type(self, x11_window_type: XWindowType) -> WindowBuilder;
+    fn with_override_redirect(self, override_redirect: bool) -> Self;
+    /// Build window with `_NET_WM_WINDOW_TYPE` hints; defaults to `Normal`. Only relevant on X11.
+    fn with_x11_window_type(self, x11_window_type: Vec<XWindowType>) -> Self;
     /// Build window with `_GTK_THEME_VARIANT` hint set to the specified value. Currently only relevant on X11.
-    fn with_gtk_theme_variant(self, variant: String) -> WindowBuilder;
+    fn with_gtk_theme_variant(self, variant: String) -> Self;
     /// Build window with resize increment hint. Only implemented on X11.
-    fn with_resize_increments(self, increments: LogicalSize) -> WindowBuilder;
+    fn with_resize_increments(self, increments: LogicalSize) -> Self;
     /// Build window with base size hint. Only implemented on X11.
-    fn with_base_size(self, base_size: LogicalSize) -> WindowBuilder;
+    fn with_base_size(self, base_size: LogicalSize) -> Self;
 
     /// Build window with a given application ID. It should match the `.desktop` file distributed with
     /// your program. Only relevant on Wayland.
     ///
     /// For details about application ID conventions, see the
     /// [Desktop Entry Spec](https://specifications.freedesktop.org/desktop-entry-spec/desktop-entry-spec-latest.html#desktop-file-id)
-    fn with_app_id(self, app_id: String) -> WindowBuilder;
+    fn with_app_id(self, app_id: String) -> Self;
 }
 
 impl WindowBuilderExtUnix for WindowBuilder {
     #[inline]
-    fn with_x11_visual<T>(mut self, visual_infos: *const T) -> WindowBuilder {
+    fn with_x11_visual<T>(mut self, visual_infos: *const T) -> Self {
         self.platform_specific.visual_infos =
             Some(unsafe { ptr::read(visual_infos as *const XVisualInfo) });
         self
     }
 
     #[inline]
-    fn with_x11_screen(mut self, screen_id: i32) -> WindowBuilder {
+    fn with_x11_screen(mut self, screen_id: i32) -> Self {
         self.platform_specific.screen_id = Some(screen_id);
         self
     }
 
     #[inline]
-    fn with_class(mut self, instance: String, class: String) -> WindowBuilder {
+    fn with_class(mut self, instance: String, class: String) -> Self {
         self.platform_specific.class = Some((instance, class));
         self
     }
 
     #[inline]
-    fn with_override_redirect(mut self, override_redirect: bool) -> WindowBuilder {
+    fn with_override_redirect(mut self, override_redirect: bool) -> Self {
         self.platform_specific.override_redirect = override_redirect;
         self
     }
 
     #[inline]
-    fn with_x11_window_type(mut self, x11_window_type: XWindowType) -> WindowBuilder {
-        self.platform_specific.x11_window_type = x11_window_type;
+    fn with_x11_window_type(mut self, x11_window_types: Vec<XWindowType>) -> Self {
+        self.platform_specific.x11_window_types = x11_window_types;
         self
     }
 
     #[inline]
-    fn with_resize_increments(mut self, increments: LogicalSize) -> WindowBuilder {
-        self.platform_specific.resize_increments = Some(increments.into());
-        self
-    }
-
-    #[inline]
-    fn with_base_size(mut self, base_size: LogicalSize) -> WindowBuilder {
-        self.platform_specific.base_size = Some(base_size.into());
-        self
-    }
-
-    #[inline]
-    fn with_gtk_theme_variant(mut self, variant: String) -> WindowBuilder {
+    fn with_gtk_theme_variant(mut self, variant: String) -> Self {
         self.platform_specific.gtk_theme_variant = Some(variant);
         self
     }
 
     #[inline]
-    fn with_app_id(mut self, app_id: String) -> WindowBuilder {
+    fn with_resize_increments(mut self, increments: LogicalSize) -> Self {
+        self.platform_specific.resize_increments = Some(increments.into());
+        self
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn with_base_size(mut self, base_size: LogicalSize) -> Self {
+        self.platform_specific.base_size = Some(base_size.into());
+        self
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn with_app_id(mut self, app_id: String) -> Self {
         self.platform_specific.app_id = Some(app_id);
         self
     }

src/platform/web.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+#![cfg(target_arch = "wasm32")]
+
+//! The web target does not automatically insert the canvas element object into the web page, to
+//! allow end users to determine how the page should be laid out. Use the `WindowExtStdweb` or
+//! `WindowExtWebSys` traits (depending on your web backend) to retrieve the canvas from the
+//! Window.
+
+#[cfg(feature = "stdweb")]
+use stdweb::web::html_element::CanvasElement;
+
+#[cfg(feature = "stdweb")]
+pub trait WindowExtStdweb {
+    fn canvas(&self) -> CanvasElement;
+}
+
+#[cfg(feature = "web-sys")]
+use web_sys::HtmlCanvasElement;
+
+#[cfg(feature = "web-sys")]
+pub trait WindowExtWebSys {
+    fn canvas(&self) -> HtmlCanvasElement;
+}

src/platform/windows.rs

@@ -15,18 +15,52 @@ use crate::{
 
 /// Additional methods on `EventLoop` that are specific to Windows.
 pub trait EventLoopExtWindows {
+    /// Creates an event loop off of the main thread.
+    ///
+    /// # `Window` caveats
+    ///
+    /// Note that any `Window` created on the new thread will be destroyed when the thread
+    /// terminates. Attempting to use a `Window` after its parent thread terminates has
+    /// unspecified, although explicitly not undefined, behavior.
+    fn new_any_thread() -> Self
+    where
+        Self: Sized;
+
     /// By default, winit on Windows will attempt to enable process-wide DPI awareness. If that's
     /// undesirable, you can create an `EventLoop` using this function instead.
     fn new_dpi_unaware() -> Self
     where
         Self: Sized;
+
+    /// Creates a DPI-unaware event loop off of the main thread.
+    ///
+    /// The `Window` caveats in [`new_any_thread`](EventLoopExtWindows::new_any_thread) also apply here.
+    fn new_dpi_unaware_any_thread() -> Self
+    where
+        Self: Sized;
 }
 
 impl<T> EventLoopExtWindows for EventLoop<T> {
+    #[inline]
+    fn new_any_thread() -> Self {
+        EventLoop {
+            event_loop: WindowsEventLoop::new_any_thread(),
+            _marker: ::std::marker::PhantomData,
+        }
+    }
+
     #[inline]
     fn new_dpi_unaware() -> Self {
         EventLoop {
-            event_loop: WindowsEventLoop::with_dpi_awareness(false),
+            event_loop: WindowsEventLoop::new_dpi_unaware(),
+            _marker: ::std::marker::PhantomData,
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn new_dpi_unaware_any_thread() -> Self {
+        EventLoop {
+            event_loop: WindowsEventLoop::new_dpi_unaware_any_thread(),
             _marker: ::std::marker::PhantomData,
         }
     }
@@ -34,6 +68,8 @@ impl<T> EventLoopExtWindows for EventLoop<T> {
 
 /// Additional methods on `Window` that are specific to Windows.
 pub trait WindowExtWindows {
+    /// Returns the HINSTANCE of the window
+    fn hinstance(&self) -> *mut libc::c_void;
     /// Returns the native handle that is used by this window.
     ///
     /// The pointer will become invalid when the native window was destroyed.
@@ -41,9 +77,17 @@ pub trait WindowExtWindows {
 
     /// This sets `ICON_BIG`. A good ceiling here is 256x256.
     fn set_taskbar_icon(&self, taskbar_icon: Option<Icon>);
+
+    /// Whether the system theme is currently Windows 10's "Dark Mode".
+    fn is_dark_mode(&self) -> bool;
 }
 
 impl WindowExtWindows for Window {
+    #[inline]
+    fn hinstance(&self) -> *mut libc::c_void {
+        self.window.hinstance() as *mut _
+    }
+
     #[inline]
     fn hwnd(&self) -> *mut libc::c_void {
         self.window.hwnd() as *mut _
@@ -53,6 +97,11 @@ impl WindowExtWindows for Window {
     fn set_taskbar_icon(&self, taskbar_icon: Option<Icon>) {
         self.window.set_taskbar_icon(taskbar_icon)
     }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn is_dark_mode(&self) -> bool {
+        self.window.is_dark_mode()
+    }
 }
 
 /// Additional methods on `WindowBuilder` that are specific to Windows.

src/platform_impl/android/mod.rs

@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ use crate::{
     CreationError, CursorIcon, Event, LogicalPosition, LogicalSize, PhysicalPosition, PhysicalSize,
     WindowAttributes, WindowEvent, WindowId as RootWindowId,
 };
+use raw_window_handle::{android::AndroidHandle, RawWindowHandle};
 use CreationError::OsError;
 
 pub type OsError = std::io::Error;
@@ -75,6 +76,7 @@ impl EventLoop {
                                 android_glue::MotionAction::Cancel => TouchPhase::Cancelled,
                             },
                             location,
+                            force: None, // TODO
                             id: motion.pointer_id as u64,
                             device_id: DEVICE_ID,
                         }),
@@ -155,7 +157,7 @@ impl EventLoop {
 }
 
 impl EventLoopProxy {
-    pub fn wakeup(&self) -> Result<(), ::EventLoopClosed> {
+    pub fn wakeup(&self) -> Result<(), ::EventLoopClosed<()>> {
         android_glue::wake_event_loop();
         Ok(())
     }
@@ -358,6 +360,11 @@ impl Window {
         Err(ExternalError::NotSupported(NotSupportedError::new()))
     }
 
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn set_minimized(&self, _minimized: bool) {
+        unimplemented!()
+    }
+
     #[inline]
     pub fn set_maximized(&self, _maximized: bool) {
         // N/A
@@ -420,6 +427,15 @@ impl Window {
     pub fn id(&self) -> WindowId {
         WindowId
     }
+
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn raw_window_handle(&self) -> RawWindowHandle {
+        let handle = AndroidHandle {
+            a_native_window: self.native_window,
+            ..WindowsHandle::empty()
+        };
+        RawWindowHandle::Android(handle)
+    }
 }
 
 unsafe impl Send for Window {}

src/platform_impl/emscripten/ffi.rs

@@ -1,363 +0,0 @@
-#![allow(dead_code, non_camel_case_types, non_snake_case)]
-
-#[cfg(test)]
-use std::mem;
-use std::os::raw::{c_char, c_double, c_int, c_long, c_ulong, c_ushort, c_void};
-
-pub type EM_BOOL = c_int;
-pub type EM_UTF8 = c_char;
-pub type EMSCRIPTEN_RESULT = c_int;
-
-pub const EM_TRUE: EM_BOOL = 1;
-pub const EM_FALSE: EM_BOOL = 0;
-
-// values for EMSCRIPTEN_RESULT
-pub const EMSCRIPTEN_RESULT_SUCCESS: c_int = 0;
-pub const EMSCRIPTEN_RESULT_DEFERRED: c_int = 1;
-pub const EMSCRIPTEN_RESULT_NOT_SUPPORTED: c_int = -1;
-pub const EMSCRIPTEN_RESULT_FAILED_NOT_DEFERRED: c_int = -2;
-pub const EMSCRIPTEN_RESULT_INVALID_TARGET: c_int = -3;
-pub const EMSCRIPTEN_RESULT_UNKNOWN_TARGET: c_int = -4;
-pub const EMSCRIPTEN_RESULT_INVALID_PARAM: c_int = -5;
-pub const EMSCRIPTEN_RESULT_FAILED: c_int = -6;
-pub const EMSCRIPTEN_RESULT_NO_DATA: c_int = -7;
-
-// values for EMSCRIPTEN EVENT
-pub const EMSCRIPTEN_EVENT_KEYPRESS: c_int = 1;
-pub const EMSCRIPTEN_EVENT_KEYDOWN: c_int = 2;
-pub const EMSCRIPTEN_EVENT_KEYUP: c_int = 3;
-pub const EMSCRIPTEN_EVENT_CLICK: c_int = 4;
-pub const EMSCRIPTEN_EVENT_MOUSEDOWN: c_int = 5;
-pub const EMSCRIPTEN_EVENT_MOUSEUP: c_int = 6;
-pub const EMSCRIPTEN_EVENT_DBLCLICK: c_int = 7;
-pub const EMSCRIPTEN_EVENT_MOUSEMOVE: c_int = 8;
-pub const EMSCRIPTEN_EVENT_WHEEL: c_int = 9;
-pub const EMSCRIPTEN_EVENT_RESIZE: c_int = 10;
-pub const EMSCRIPTEN_EVENT_SCROLL: c_int = 11;
-pub const EMSCRIPTEN_EVENT_BLUR: c_int = 12;
-pub const EMSCRIPTEN_EVENT_FOCUS: c_int = 13;
-pub const EMSCRIPTEN_EVENT_FOCUSIN: c_int = 14;
-pub const EMSCRIPTEN_EVENT_FOCUSOUT: c_int = 15;
-pub const EMSCRIPTEN_EVENT_DEVICEORIENTATION: c_int = 16;
-pub const EMSCRIPTEN_EVENT_DEVICEMOTION: c_int = 17;
-pub const EMSCRIPTEN_EVENT_ORIENTATIONCHANGE: c_int = 18;
-pub const EMSCRIPTEN_EVENT_FULLSCREENCHANGE: c_int = 19;
-pub const EMSCRIPTEN_EVENT_POINTERLOCKCHANGE: c_int = 20;
-pub const EMSCRIPTEN_EVENT_VISIBILITYCHANGE: c_int = 21;
-pub const EMSCRIPTEN_EVENT_TOUCHSTART: c_int = 22;
-pub const EMSCRIPTEN_EVENT_TOUCHEND: c_int = 23;
-pub const EMSCRIPTEN_EVENT_TOUCHMOVE: c_int = 24;
-pub const EMSCRIPTEN_EVENT_TOUCHCANCEL: c_int = 25;
-pub const EMSCRIPTEN_EVENT_GAMEPADCONNECTED: c_int = 26;
-pub const EMSCRIPTEN_EVENT_GAMEPADDISCONNECTED: c_int = 27;
-pub const EMSCRIPTEN_EVENT_BEFOREUNLOAD: c_int = 28;
-pub const EMSCRIPTEN_EVENT_BATTERYCHARGINGCHANGE: c_int = 29;
-pub const EMSCRIPTEN_EVENT_BATTERYLEVELCHANGE: c_int = 30;
-pub const EMSCRIPTEN_EVENT_WEBGLCONTEXTLOST: c_int = 31;
-pub const EMSCRIPTEN_EVENT_WEBGLCONTEXTRESTORED: c_int = 32;
-pub const EMSCRIPTEN_EVENT_MOUSEENTER: c_int = 33;
-pub const EMSCRIPTEN_EVENT_MOUSELEAVE: c_int = 34;
-pub const EMSCRIPTEN_EVENT_MOUSEOVER: c_int = 35;
-pub const EMSCRIPTEN_EVENT_MOUSEOUT: c_int = 36;
-pub const EMSCRIPTEN_EVENT_CANVASRESIZED: c_int = 37;
-pub const EMSCRIPTEN_EVENT_POINTERLOCKERROR: c_int = 38;
-
-pub const EM_HTML5_SHORT_STRING_LEN_BYTES: usize = 32;
-
-pub const DOM_KEY_LOCATION_STANDARD: c_ulong = 0x00;
-pub const DOM_KEY_LOCATION_LEFT: c_ulong = 0x01;
-pub const DOM_KEY_LOCATION_RIGHT: c_ulong = 0x02;
-pub const DOM_KEY_LOCATION_NUMPAD: c_ulong = 0x03;
-
-pub type em_callback_func = Option<unsafe extern "C" fn()>;
-
-pub type em_key_callback_func = Option<
-    unsafe extern "C" fn(
-        eventType: c_int,
-        keyEvent: *const EmscriptenKeyboardEvent,
-        userData: *mut c_void,
-    ) -> EM_BOOL,
->;
-
-pub type em_mouse_callback_func = Option<
-    unsafe extern "C" fn(
-        eventType: c_int,
-        mouseEvent: *const EmscriptenMouseEvent,
-        userData: *mut c_void,
-    ) -> EM_BOOL,
->;
-
-pub type em_pointerlockchange_callback_func = Option<
-    unsafe extern "C" fn(
-        eventType: c_int,
-        pointerlockChangeEvent: *const EmscriptenPointerlockChangeEvent,
-        userData: *mut c_void,
-    ) -> EM_BOOL,
->;
-
-pub type em_fullscreenchange_callback_func = Option<
-    unsafe extern "C" fn(
-        eventType: c_int,
-        fullscreenChangeEvent: *const EmscriptenFullscreenChangeEvent,
-        userData: *mut c_void,
-    ) -> EM_BOOL,
->;
-
-pub type em_touch_callback_func = Option<
-    unsafe extern "C" fn(
-        eventType: c_int,
-        touchEvent: *const EmscriptenTouchEvent,
-        userData: *mut c_void,
-    ) -> EM_BOOL,
->;
-
-#[repr(C)]
-pub struct EmscriptenFullscreenChangeEvent {
-    pub isFullscreen: c_int,
-    pub fullscreenEnabled: c_int,
-    pub nodeName: [c_char; 128usize],
-    pub id: [c_char; 128usize],
-    pub elementWidth: c_int,
-    pub elementHeight: c_int,
-    pub screenWidth: c_int,
-    pub screenHeight: c_int,
-}
-#[test]
-fn bindgen_test_layout_EmscriptenFullscreenChangeEvent() {
-    assert_eq!(mem::size_of::<EmscriptenFullscreenChangeEvent>(), 280usize);
-    assert_eq!(mem::align_of::<EmscriptenFullscreenChangeEvent>(), 4usize);
-}
-
-#[repr(C)]
-#[derive(Debug, Copy)]
-pub struct EmscriptenKeyboardEvent {
-    pub key: [c_char; 32usize],
-    pub code: [c_char; 32usize],
-    pub location: c_ulong,
-    pub ctrlKey: c_int,
-    pub shiftKey: c_int,
-    pub altKey: c_int,
-    pub metaKey: c_int,
-    pub repeat: c_int,
-    pub locale: [c_char; 32usize],
-    pub charValue: [c_char; 32usize],
-    pub charCode: c_ulong,
-    pub keyCode: c_ulong,
-    pub which: c_ulong,
-}
-#[test]
-fn bindgen_test_layout_EmscriptenKeyboardEvent() {
-    assert_eq!(mem::size_of::<EmscriptenKeyboardEvent>(), 184usize);
-    assert_eq!(mem::align_of::<EmscriptenKeyboardEvent>(), 8usize);
-}
-impl Clone for EmscriptenKeyboardEvent {
-    fn clone(&self) -> Self {
-        *self
-    }
-}
-
-#[repr(C)]
-#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone)]
-pub struct EmscriptenMouseEvent {
-    pub timestamp: f64,
-    pub screenX: c_long,
-    pub screenY: c_long,
-    pub clientX: c_long,
-    pub clientY: c_long,
-    pub ctrlKey: c_int,
-    pub shiftKey: c_int,
-    pub altKey: c_int,
-    pub metaKey: c_int,
-    pub button: c_ushort,
-    pub buttons: c_ushort,
-    pub movementX: c_long,
-    pub movementY: c_long,
-    pub targetX: c_long,
-    pub targetY: c_long,
-    pub canvasX: c_long,
-    pub canvasY: c_long,
-    pub padding: c_long,
-}
-#[test]
-fn bindgen_test_layout_EmscriptenMouseEvent() {
-    assert_eq!(mem::size_of::<EmscriptenMouseEvent>(), 120usize);
-    assert_eq!(mem::align_of::<EmscriptenMouseEvent>(), 8usize);
-}
-
-#[repr(C)]
-#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone)]
-pub struct EmscriptenTouchPoint {
-    pub identifier: c_long,
-    pub screenX: c_long,
-    pub screenY: c_long,
-    pub clientX: c_long,
-    pub clientY: c_long,
-    pub pageX: c_long,
-    pub pageY: c_long,
-    pub isChanged: c_int,
-    pub onTarget: c_int,
-    pub targetX: c_long,
-    pub targetY: c_long,
-    pub canvasX: c_long,
-    pub canvasY: c_long,
-}
-#[test]
-fn bindgen_test_layout_EmscriptenTouchPoint() {
-    assert_eq!(mem::size_of::<EmscriptenTouchPoint>(), 96usize);
-    assert_eq!(mem::align_of::<EmscriptenTouchPoint>(), 8usize);
-}
-
-#[repr(C)]
-#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone)]
-pub struct EmscriptenTouchEvent {
-    pub numTouches: c_int,
-    pub ctrlKey: c_int,
-    pub shiftKey: c_int,
-    pub altKey: c_int,
-    pub metaKey: c_int,
-    pub touches: [EmscriptenTouchPoint; 32usize],
-}
-#[test]
-fn bindgen_test_layout_EmscriptenTouchEvent() {
-    assert_eq!(mem::size_of::<EmscriptenTouchEvent>(), 3096usize);
-    assert_eq!(mem::align_of::<EmscriptenTouchEvent>(), 8usize);
-}
-
-#[repr(C)]
-pub struct EmscriptenPointerlockChangeEvent {
-    pub isActive: c_int,
-    pub nodeName: [c_char; 128usize],
-    pub id: [c_char; 128usize],
-}
-#[test]
-fn bindgen_test_layout_EmscriptenPointerlockChangeEvent() {
-    assert_eq!(mem::size_of::<EmscriptenPointerlockChangeEvent>(), 260usize);
-    assert_eq!(mem::align_of::<EmscriptenPointerlockChangeEvent>(), 4usize);
-}
-
-extern "C" {
-    pub fn emscripten_set_canvas_size(width: c_int, height: c_int) -> EMSCRIPTEN_RESULT;
-
-    pub fn emscripten_get_canvas_size(
-        width: *mut c_int,
-        height: *mut c_int,
-        is_fullscreen: *mut c_int,
-    ) -> EMSCRIPTEN_RESULT;
-
-    pub fn emscripten_set_element_css_size(
-        target: *const c_char,
-        width: c_double,
-        height: c_double,
-    ) -> EMSCRIPTEN_RESULT;
-
-    pub fn emscripten_get_element_css_size(
-        target: *const c_char,
-        width: *mut c_double,
-        height: *mut c_double,
-    ) -> EMSCRIPTEN_RESULT;
-
-    pub fn emscripten_request_pointerlock(
-        target: *const c_char,
-        deferUntilInEventHandler: EM_BOOL,
-    ) -> EMSCRIPTEN_RESULT;
-
-    pub fn emscripten_exit_pointerlock() -> EMSCRIPTEN_RESULT;
-
-    pub fn emscripten_request_fullscreen(
-        target: *const c_char,
-        deferUntilInEventHandler: EM_BOOL,
-    ) -> EMSCRIPTEN_RESULT;
-
-    pub fn emscripten_exit_fullscreen() -> EMSCRIPTEN_RESULT;
-
-    pub fn emscripten_set_keydown_callback(
-        target: *const c_char,
-        userData: *mut c_void,
-        useCapture: EM_BOOL,
-        callback: em_key_callback_func,
-    ) -> EMSCRIPTEN_RESULT;
-
-    pub fn emscripten_set_keyup_callback(
-        target: *const c_char,
-        userData: *mut c_void,
-        useCapture: EM_BOOL,
-        callback: em_key_callback_func,
-    ) -> EMSCRIPTEN_RESULT;
-
-    pub fn emscripten_set_mousemove_callback(
-        target: *const c_char,
-        user_data: *mut c_void,
-        use_capture: EM_BOOL,
-        callback: em_mouse_callback_func,
-    ) -> EMSCRIPTEN_RESULT;
-
-    pub fn emscripten_set_mousedown_callback(
-        target: *const c_char,
-        user_data: *mut c_void,
-        use_capture: EM_BOOL,
-        callback: em_mouse_callback_func,
-    ) -> EMSCRIPTEN_RESULT;
-
-    pub fn emscripten_set_mouseup_callback(
-        target: *const c_char,
-        user_data: *mut c_void,
-        use_capture: EM_BOOL,
-        callback: em_mouse_callback_func,
-    ) -> EMSCRIPTEN_RESULT;
-
-    pub fn emscripten_hide_mouse();
-
-    pub fn emscripten_get_device_pixel_ratio() -> f64;
-
-    pub fn emscripten_set_pointerlockchange_callback(
-        target: *const c_char,
-        userData: *mut c_void,
-        useCapture: EM_BOOL,
-        callback: em_pointerlockchange_callback_func,
-    ) -> EMSCRIPTEN_RESULT;
-
-    pub fn emscripten_set_fullscreenchange_callback(
-        target: *const c_char,
-        userData: *mut c_void,
-        useCapture: EM_BOOL,
-        callback: em_fullscreenchange_callback_func,
-    ) -> EMSCRIPTEN_RESULT;
-
-    pub fn emscripten_asm_const(code: *const c_char);
-
-    pub fn emscripten_set_main_loop(
-        func: em_callback_func,
-        fps: c_int,
-        simulate_infinite_loop: EM_BOOL,
-    );
-
-    pub fn emscripten_cancel_main_loop();
-
-    pub fn emscripten_set_touchstart_callback(
-        target: *const c_char,
-        userData: *mut c_void,
-        useCapture: c_int,
-        callback: em_touch_callback_func,
-    ) -> EMSCRIPTEN_RESULT;
-
-    pub fn emscripten_set_touchend_callback(
-        target: *const c_char,
-        userData: *mut c_void,
-        useCapture: c_int,
-        callback: em_touch_callback_func,
-    ) -> EMSCRIPTEN_RESULT;
-
-    pub fn emscripten_set_touchmove_callback(
-        target: *const c_char,
-        userData: *mut c_void,
-        useCapture: c_int,
-        callback: em_touch_callback_func,
-    ) -> EMSCRIPTEN_RESULT;
-
-    pub fn emscripten_set_touchcancel_callback(
-        target: *const c_char,
-        userData: *mut c_void,
-        useCapture: c_int,
-        callback: em_touch_callback_func,
-    ) -> EMSCRIPTEN_RESULT;
-}

src/platform_impl/ios/event_loop.rs

@@ -16,15 +16,14 @@ use crate::{
 };
 
 use crate::platform_impl::platform::{
-    app_state::AppState,
+    app_state,
     ffi::{
         id, kCFRunLoopAfterWaiting, kCFRunLoopBeforeWaiting, kCFRunLoopCommonModes,
         kCFRunLoopDefaultMode, kCFRunLoopEntry, kCFRunLoopExit, nil, CFIndex, CFRelease,
         CFRunLoopActivity, CFRunLoopAddObserver, CFRunLoopAddSource, CFRunLoopGetMain,
         CFRunLoopObserverCreate, CFRunLoopObserverRef, CFRunLoopSourceContext,
         CFRunLoopSourceCreate, CFRunLoopSourceInvalidate, CFRunLoopSourceRef,
-        CFRunLoopSourceSignal, CFRunLoopWakeUp, NSOperatingSystemVersion, NSString,
-        UIApplicationMain, UIUserInterfaceIdiom,
+        CFRunLoopSourceSignal, CFRunLoopWakeUp, NSString, UIApplicationMain, UIUserInterfaceIdiom,
     },
     monitor, view, MonitorHandle,
 };
@@ -32,13 +31,6 @@ use crate::platform_impl::platform::{
 pub struct EventLoopWindowTarget<T: 'static> {
     receiver: Receiver<T>,
     sender_to_clone: Sender<T>,
-    capabilities: Capabilities,
-}
-
-impl<T: 'static> EventLoopWindowTarget<T> {
-    pub fn capabilities(&self) -> &Capabilities {
-        &self.capabilities
-    }
 }
 
 pub struct EventLoop<T: 'static> {
@@ -64,18 +56,11 @@ impl<T: 'static> EventLoop<T> {
         // this line sets up the main run loop before `UIApplicationMain`
         setup_control_flow_observers();
 
-        let version: NSOperatingSystemVersion = unsafe {
-            let process_info: id = msg_send![class!(NSProcessInfo), processInfo];
-            msg_send![process_info, operatingSystemVersion]
-        };
-        let capabilities = version.into();
-
         EventLoop {
             window_target: RootEventLoopWindowTarget {
                 p: EventLoopWindowTarget {
                     receiver,
                     sender_to_clone,
-                    capabilities,
                 },
                 _marker: PhantomData,
             },
@@ -95,7 +80,7 @@ impl<T: 'static> EventLoop<T> {
                  `EventLoop` cannot be `run` after a call to `UIApplicationMain` on iOS\n\
                  Note: `EventLoop::run` calls `UIApplicationMain` on iOS"
             );
-            AppState::will_launch(Box::new(EventLoopHandler {
+            app_state::will_launch(Box::new(EventLoopHandler {
                 f: event_handler,
                 event_loop: self.window_target,
             }));
@@ -142,8 +127,7 @@ pub struct EventLoopProxy<T> {
     source: CFRunLoopSourceRef,
 }
 
-unsafe impl<T> Send for EventLoopProxy<T> {}
-unsafe impl<T> Sync for EventLoopProxy<T> {}
+unsafe impl<T: Send> Send for EventLoopProxy<T> {}
 
 impl<T> Clone for EventLoopProxy<T> {
     fn clone(&self) -> EventLoopProxy<T> {
@@ -163,7 +147,7 @@ impl<T> Drop for EventLoopProxy<T> {
 impl<T> EventLoopProxy<T> {
     fn new(sender: Sender<T>) -> EventLoopProxy<T> {
         unsafe {
-            // just wakeup the eventloop
+            // just wake up the eventloop
             extern "C" fn event_loop_proxy_handler(_: *mut c_void) {}
 
             // adding a Source to the main CFRunLoop lets us wake it up and
@@ -171,7 +155,7 @@ impl<T> EventLoopProxy<T> {
             let rl = CFRunLoopGetMain();
             // we want all the members of context to be zero/null, except one
             let mut context: CFRunLoopSourceContext = mem::zeroed();
-            context.perform = event_loop_proxy_handler;
+            context.perform = Some(event_loop_proxy_handler);
             let source =
                 CFRunLoopSourceCreate(ptr::null_mut(), CFIndex::max_value() - 1, &mut context);
             CFRunLoopAddSource(rl, source, kCFRunLoopCommonModes);
@@ -181,8 +165,10 @@ impl<T> EventLoopProxy<T> {
         }
     }
 
-    pub fn send_event(&self, event: T) -> Result<(), EventLoopClosed> {
-        self.sender.send(event).map_err(|_| EventLoopClosed)?;
+    pub fn send_event(&self, event: T) -> Result<(), EventLoopClosed<T>> {
+        self.sender
+            .send(event)
+            .map_err(|::std::sync::mpsc::SendError(x)| EventLoopClosed(x))?;
         unsafe {
             // let the main thread know there's a new event
             CFRunLoopSourceSignal(self.source);
@@ -204,15 +190,40 @@ fn setup_control_flow_observers() {
             unsafe {
                 #[allow(non_upper_case_globals)]
                 match activity {
-                    kCFRunLoopAfterWaiting => AppState::handle_wakeup_transition(),
+                    kCFRunLoopAfterWaiting => app_state::handle_wakeup_transition(),
                     kCFRunLoopEntry => unimplemented!(), // not expected to ever happen
                     _ => unreachable!(),
                 }
             }
         }
 
+        // Core Animation registers its `CFRunLoopObserver` that performs drawing operations in
+        // `CA::Transaction::ensure_implicit` with a priority of `0x1e8480`. We set the main_end
+        // priority to be 0, in order to send EventsCleared before RedrawRequested. This value was
+        // chosen conservatively to guard against apple using different priorities for their redraw
+        // observers in different OS's or on different devices. If it so happens that it's too
+        // conservative, the main symptom would be non-redraw events coming in after `EventsCleared`.
+        //
+        // The value of `0x1e8480` was determined by inspecting stack traces and the associated
+        // registers for every `CFRunLoopAddObserver` call on an iPad Air 2 running iOS 11.4.
+        //
+        // Also tested to be `0x1e8480` on iPhone 8, iOS 13 beta 4.
+        extern "C" fn control_flow_main_end_handler(
+            _: CFRunLoopObserverRef,
+            activity: CFRunLoopActivity,
+            _: *mut c_void,
+        ) {
+            unsafe {
+                #[allow(non_upper_case_globals)]
+                match activity {
+                    kCFRunLoopBeforeWaiting => app_state::handle_main_events_cleared(),
+                    kCFRunLoopExit => unimplemented!(), // not expected to ever happen
+                    _ => unreachable!(),
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
         // end is queued with the lowest priority to ensure it is processed after other observers
-        // without that, LoopDestroyed will get sent after EventsCleared
         extern "C" fn control_flow_end_handler(
             _: CFRunLoopObserverRef,
             activity: CFRunLoopActivity,
@@ -221,7 +232,7 @@ fn setup_control_flow_observers() {
             unsafe {
                 #[allow(non_upper_case_globals)]
                 match activity {
-                    kCFRunLoopBeforeWaiting => AppState::handle_events_cleared(),
+                    kCFRunLoopBeforeWaiting => app_state::handle_events_cleared(),
                     kCFRunLoopExit => unimplemented!(), // not expected to ever happen
                     _ => unreachable!(),
                 }
@@ -229,6 +240,7 @@ fn setup_control_flow_observers() {
         }
 
         let main_loop = CFRunLoopGetMain();
+
         let begin_observer = CFRunLoopObserverCreate(
             ptr::null_mut(),
             kCFRunLoopEntry | kCFRunLoopAfterWaiting,
@@ -238,6 +250,17 @@ fn setup_control_flow_observers() {
             ptr::null_mut(),
         );
         CFRunLoopAddObserver(main_loop, begin_observer, kCFRunLoopDefaultMode);
+
+        let main_end_observer = CFRunLoopObserverCreate(
+            ptr::null_mut(),
+            kCFRunLoopExit | kCFRunLoopBeforeWaiting,
+            1, // repeat = true
+            0, // see comment on `control_flow_main_end_handler`
+            control_flow_main_end_handler,
+            ptr::null_mut(),
+        );
+        CFRunLoopAddObserver(main_loop, main_end_observer, kCFRunLoopDefaultMode);
+
         let end_observer = CFRunLoopObserverCreate(
             ptr::null_mut(),
             kCFRunLoopExit | kCFRunLoopBeforeWaiting,
@@ -297,20 +320,3 @@ pub unsafe fn get_idiom() -> Idiom {
     let raw_idiom: UIUserInterfaceIdiom = msg_send![device, userInterfaceIdiom];
     raw_idiom.into()
 }
-
-pub struct Capabilities {
-    pub supports_safe_area: bool,
-}
-
-impl From<NSOperatingSystemVersion> for Capabilities {
-    fn from(os_version: NSOperatingSystemVersion) -> Capabilities {
-        assert!(
-            os_version.major >= 8,
-            "`winit` current requires iOS version 8 or greater"
-        );
-
-        let supports_safe_area = os_version.major >= 11;
-
-        Capabilities { supports_safe_area }
-    }
-}

src/platform_impl/ios/ffi.rs

@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 #![allow(non_camel_case_types, non_snake_case, non_upper_case_globals)]
 
-use std::{ffi::CString, ops::BitOr, os::raw::*};
+use std::{convert::TryInto, ffi::CString, ops::BitOr, os::raw::*};
 
 use objc::{runtime::Object, Encode, Encoding};
 
-use crate::platform::ios::{Idiom, ValidOrientations};
+use crate::platform::ios::{Idiom, ScreenEdge, ValidOrientations};
 
 pub type id = *mut Object;
 pub const nil: id = 0 as id;
@@ -70,6 +70,24 @@ pub enum UITouchPhase {
     Cancelled,
 }
 
+#[derive(Debug, PartialEq)]
+#[allow(dead_code)]
+#[repr(isize)]
+pub enum UIForceTouchCapability {
+    Unknown = 0,
+    Unavailable,
+    Available,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, PartialEq)]
+#[allow(dead_code)]
+#[repr(isize)]
+pub enum UITouchType {
+    Direct = 0,
+    Indirect,
+    Pencil,
+}
+
 #[repr(C)]
 #[derive(Debug, Clone)]
 pub struct UIEdgeInsets {
@@ -173,6 +191,51 @@ impl UIInterfaceOrientationMask {
     }
 }
 
+#[repr(transparent)]
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub struct UIRectEdge(NSUInteger);
+
+unsafe impl Encode for UIRectEdge {
+    fn encode() -> Encoding {
+        NSUInteger::encode()
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<ScreenEdge> for UIRectEdge {
+    fn from(screen_edge: ScreenEdge) -> UIRectEdge {
+        assert_eq!(
+            screen_edge.bits() & !ScreenEdge::ALL.bits(),
+            0,
+            "invalid `ScreenEdge`"
+        );
+        UIRectEdge(screen_edge.bits().into())
+    }
+}
+
+impl Into<ScreenEdge> for UIRectEdge {
+    fn into(self) -> ScreenEdge {
+        let bits: u8 = self.0.try_into().expect("invalid `UIRectEdge`");
+        ScreenEdge::from_bits(bits).expect("invalid `ScreenEdge`")
+    }
+}
+
+#[repr(transparent)]
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub struct UIScreenOverscanCompensation(NSInteger);
+
+unsafe impl Encode for UIScreenOverscanCompensation {
+    fn encode() -> Encoding {
+        NSInteger::encode()
+    }
+}
+
+#[allow(dead_code)]
+impl UIScreenOverscanCompensation {
+    pub const Scale: UIScreenOverscanCompensation = UIScreenOverscanCompensation(0);
+    pub const InsetBounds: UIScreenOverscanCompensation = UIScreenOverscanCompensation(1);
+    pub const None: UIScreenOverscanCompensation = UIScreenOverscanCompensation(2);
+}
+
 #[link(name = "UIKit", kind = "framework")]
 #[link(name = "CoreFoundation", kind = "framework")]
 extern "C" {
@@ -268,14 +331,14 @@ pub enum CFRunLoopTimerContext {}
 pub struct CFRunLoopSourceContext {
     pub version: CFIndex,
     pub info: *mut c_void,
-    pub retain: extern "C" fn(*const c_void) -> *const c_void,
-    pub release: extern "C" fn(*const c_void),
-    pub copyDescription: extern "C" fn(*const c_void) -> CFStringRef,
-    pub equal: extern "C" fn(*const c_void, *const c_void) -> Boolean,
-    pub hash: extern "C" fn(*const c_void) -> CFHashCode,
-    pub schedule: extern "C" fn(*mut c_void, CFRunLoopRef, CFRunLoopMode),
-    pub cancel: extern "C" fn(*mut c_void, CFRunLoopRef, CFRunLoopMode),
-    pub perform: extern "C" fn(*mut c_void),
+    pub retain: Option<extern "C" fn(*const c_void) -> *const c_void>,
+    pub release: Option<extern "C" fn(*const c_void)>,
+    pub copyDescription: Option<extern "C" fn(*const c_void) -> CFStringRef>,
+    pub equal: Option<extern "C" fn(*const c_void, *const c_void) -> Boolean>,
+    pub hash: Option<extern "C" fn(*const c_void) -> CFHashCode>,
+    pub schedule: Option<extern "C" fn(*mut c_void, CFRunLoopRef, CFRunLoopMode)>,
+    pub cancel: Option<extern "C" fn(*mut c_void, CFRunLoopRef, CFRunLoopMode)>,
+    pub perform: Option<extern "C" fn(*mut c_void)>,
 }
 
 pub trait NSString: Sized {

src/platform_impl/ios/mod.rs

@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ use std::fmt;
 
 pub use self::{
     event_loop::{EventLoop, EventLoopProxy, EventLoopWindowTarget},
-    monitor::MonitorHandle,
+    monitor::{MonitorHandle, VideoMode},
     window::{PlatformSpecificWindowBuilderAttributes, Window, WindowId},
 };
 

src/platform_impl/ios/monitor.rs

@@ -1,18 +1,113 @@
 use std::{
-    collections::{HashSet, VecDeque},
+    collections::{BTreeSet, VecDeque},
     fmt,
     ops::{Deref, DerefMut},
 };
 
 use crate::{
     dpi::{PhysicalPosition, PhysicalSize},
-    monitor::VideoMode,
+    monitor::{MonitorHandle as RootMonitorHandle, VideoMode as RootVideoMode},
+    platform_impl::platform::{
+        app_state,
+        ffi::{id, nil, CGFloat, CGRect, CGSize, NSInteger, NSUInteger},
+    },
 };
 
-use crate::platform_impl::platform::ffi::{
-    id, nil, CGFloat, CGRect, CGSize, NSInteger, NSUInteger,
-};
+#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
+pub struct VideoMode {
+    pub(crate) size: (u32, u32),
+    pub(crate) bit_depth: u16,
+    pub(crate) refresh_rate: u16,
+    pub(crate) screen_mode: NativeDisplayMode,
+    pub(crate) monitor: MonitorHandle,
+}
 
+#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
+pub struct NativeDisplayMode(pub id);
+
+unsafe impl Send for NativeDisplayMode {}
+
+impl Drop for NativeDisplayMode {
+    fn drop(&mut self) {
+        unsafe {
+            let () = msg_send![self.0, release];
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl Clone for NativeDisplayMode {
+    fn clone(&self) -> Self {
+        unsafe {
+            let _: id = msg_send![self.0, retain];
+        }
+        NativeDisplayMode(self.0)
+    }
+}
+
+impl Clone for VideoMode {
+    fn clone(&self) -> VideoMode {
+        VideoMode {
+            size: self.size,
+            bit_depth: self.bit_depth,
+            refresh_rate: self.refresh_rate,
+            screen_mode: self.screen_mode.clone(),
+            monitor: self.monitor.clone(),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl VideoMode {
+    unsafe fn retained_new(uiscreen: id, screen_mode: id) -> VideoMode {
+        assert_main_thread!("`VideoMode` can only be created on the main thread on iOS");
+        let os_capabilities = app_state::os_capabilities();
+        let refresh_rate: NSInteger = if os_capabilities.maximum_frames_per_second {
+            msg_send![uiscreen, maximumFramesPerSecond]
+        } else {
+            // https://developer.apple.com/library/archive/technotes/tn2460/_index.html
+            // https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPad_Pro#Model_comparison
+            //
+            // All iOS devices support 60 fps, and on devices where `maximumFramesPerSecond` is not
+            // supported, they are all guaranteed to have 60hz refresh rates. This does not
+            // correctly handle external displays. ProMotion displays support 120fps, but they were
+            // introduced at the same time as the `maximumFramesPerSecond` API.
+            //
+            // FIXME: earlier OSs could calculate the refresh rate using
+            // `-[CADisplayLink duration]`.
+            os_capabilities.maximum_frames_per_second_err_msg("defaulting to 60 fps");
+            60
+        };
+        let size: CGSize = msg_send![screen_mode, size];
+        let screen_mode: id = msg_send![screen_mode, retain];
+        let screen_mode = NativeDisplayMode(screen_mode);
+        VideoMode {
+            size: (size.width as u32, size.height as u32),
+            bit_depth: 32,
+            refresh_rate: refresh_rate as u16,
+            screen_mode,
+            monitor: MonitorHandle::retained_new(uiscreen),
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn size(&self) -> PhysicalSize {
+        self.size.into()
+    }
+
+    pub fn bit_depth(&self) -> u16 {
+        self.bit_depth
+    }
+
+    pub fn refresh_rate(&self) -> u16 {
+        self.refresh_rate
+    }
+
+    pub fn monitor(&self) -> RootMonitorHandle {
+        RootMonitorHandle {
+            inner: self.monitor.clone(),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(PartialEq, Eq, Hash, PartialOrd, Ord)]
 pub struct Inner {
     uiscreen: id,
 }
@@ -25,6 +120,7 @@ impl Drop for Inner {
     }
 }
 
+#[derive(PartialEq, Eq, Hash, PartialOrd, Ord)]
 pub struct MonitorHandle {
     inner: Inner,
 }
@@ -106,9 +202,10 @@ impl MonitorHandle {
 impl Inner {
     pub fn name(&self) -> Option<String> {
         unsafe {
-            if self.uiscreen == main_uiscreen().uiscreen {
+            let main = main_uiscreen();
+            if self.uiscreen == main.uiscreen {
                 Some("Primary".to_string())
-            } else if self.uiscreen == mirrored_uiscreen().uiscreen {
+            } else if self.uiscreen == mirrored_uiscreen(&main).uiscreen {
                 Some("Mirrored".to_string())
             } else {
                 uiscreens()
@@ -140,22 +237,18 @@ impl Inner {
         }
     }
 
-    pub fn video_modes(&self) -> impl Iterator<Item = VideoMode> {
-        let refresh_rate: NSInteger = unsafe { msg_send![self.uiscreen, maximumFramesPerSecond] };
+    pub fn video_modes(&self) -> impl Iterator<Item = RootVideoMode> {
+        let mut modes = BTreeSet::new();
+        unsafe {
+            let available_modes: id = msg_send![self.uiscreen, availableModes];
+            let available_mode_count: NSUInteger = msg_send![available_modes, count];
 
-        let available_modes: id = unsafe { msg_send![self.uiscreen, availableModes] };
-        let available_mode_count: NSUInteger = unsafe { msg_send![available_modes, count] };
-
-        let mut modes = HashSet::with_capacity(available_mode_count);
-
-        for i in 0..available_mode_count {
-            let mode: id = unsafe { msg_send![available_modes, objectAtIndex: i] };
-            let size: CGSize = unsafe { msg_send![mode, size] };
-            modes.insert(VideoMode {
-                size: (size.width as u32, size.height as u32),
-                bit_depth: 32,
-                refresh_rate: refresh_rate as u16,
-            });
+            for i in 0..available_mode_count {
+                let mode: id = msg_send![available_modes, objectAtIndex: i];
+                modes.insert(RootVideoMode {
+                    video_mode: VideoMode::retained_new(self.uiscreen, mode),
+                });
+            }
         }
 
         modes.into_iter()
@@ -167,6 +260,15 @@ impl Inner {
     pub fn ui_screen(&self) -> id {
         self.uiscreen
     }
+
+    pub fn preferred_video_mode(&self) -> RootVideoMode {
+        unsafe {
+            let mode: id = msg_send![self.uiscreen, preferredMode];
+            RootVideoMode {
+                video_mode: VideoMode::retained_new(self.uiscreen, mode),
+            }
+        }
+    }
 }
 
 // requires being run on main thread
@@ -176,8 +278,8 @@ pub unsafe fn main_uiscreen() -> MonitorHandle {
 }
 
 // requires being run on main thread
-unsafe fn mirrored_uiscreen() -> MonitorHandle {
-    let uiscreen: id = msg_send![class!(UIScreen), mirroredScreen];
+unsafe fn mirrored_uiscreen(monitor: &MonitorHandle) -> MonitorHandle {
+    let uiscreen: id = msg_send![monitor.uiscreen, mirroredScreen];
     MonitorHandle::retained_new(uiscreen)
 }
 

src/platform_impl/ios/view.rs

@@ -6,18 +6,78 @@ use objc::{
 };
 
 use crate::{
-    event::{DeviceId as RootDeviceId, Event, Touch, TouchPhase, WindowEvent},
+    event::{DeviceId as RootDeviceId, Event, Force, Touch, TouchPhase, WindowEvent},
     platform::ios::MonitorHandleExtIOS,
-    window::{WindowAttributes, WindowId as RootWindowId},
+    platform_impl::platform::{
+        app_state::{self, OSCapabilities},
+        event_loop,
+        ffi::{
+            id, nil, CGFloat, CGPoint, CGRect, UIForceTouchCapability, UIInterfaceOrientationMask,
+            UIRectEdge, UITouchPhase, UITouchType,
+        },
+        window::PlatformSpecificWindowBuilderAttributes,
+        DeviceId,
+    },
+    window::{Fullscreen, WindowAttributes, WindowId as RootWindowId},
 };
 
-use crate::platform_impl::platform::{
-    app_state::AppState,
-    event_loop,
-    ffi::{id, nil, CGFloat, CGPoint, CGRect, UIInterfaceOrientationMask, UITouchPhase},
-    window::PlatformSpecificWindowBuilderAttributes,
-    DeviceId,
-};
+macro_rules! add_property {
+    (
+        $decl:ident,
+        $name:ident: $t:ty,
+        $setter_name:ident: |$object:ident| $after_set:expr,
+        $getter_name:ident,
+    ) => {
+        add_property!(
+            $decl,
+            $name: $t,
+            $setter_name: true, |_, _|{}; |$object| $after_set,
+            $getter_name,
+        )
+    };
+    (
+        $decl:ident,
+        $name:ident: $t:ty,
+        $setter_name:ident: $capability:expr, $err:expr; |$object:ident| $after_set:expr,
+        $getter_name:ident,
+    ) => {
+        {
+            const VAR_NAME: &'static str = concat!("_", stringify!($name));
+            $decl.add_ivar::<$t>(VAR_NAME);
+            let setter = if $capability {
+                #[allow(non_snake_case)]
+                extern "C" fn $setter_name($object: &mut Object, _: Sel, value: $t) {
+                    unsafe {
+                        $object.set_ivar::<$t>(VAR_NAME, value);
+                    }
+                    $after_set
+                }
+                $setter_name
+            } else {
+                #[allow(non_snake_case)]
+                extern "C" fn $setter_name($object: &mut Object, _: Sel, value: $t) {
+                    unsafe {
+                        $object.set_ivar::<$t>(VAR_NAME, value);
+                    }
+                    $err(&app_state::os_capabilities(), "ignoring")
+                }
+                $setter_name
+            };
+            #[allow(non_snake_case)]
+            extern "C" fn $getter_name($object: &Object, _: Sel) -> $t {
+                unsafe { *$object.get_ivar::<$t>(VAR_NAME) }
+            }
+            $decl.add_method(
+                sel!($setter_name:),
+                setter as extern "C" fn(&mut Object, Sel, $t),
+            );
+            $decl.add_method(
+                sel!($getter_name),
+                $getter_name as extern "C" fn(&Object, Sel) -> $t,
+            );
+        }
+    };
+}
 
 // requires main thread
 unsafe fn get_view_class(root_view_class: &'static Class) -> &'static Class {
@@ -41,10 +101,11 @@ unsafe fn get_view_class(root_view_class: &'static Class) -> &'static Class {
         extern "C" fn draw_rect(object: &Object, _: Sel, rect: CGRect) {
             unsafe {
                 let window: id = msg_send![object, window];
-                AppState::handle_nonuser_event(Event::WindowEvent {
-                    window_id: RootWindowId(window.into()),
-                    event: WindowEvent::RedrawRequested,
-                });
+                assert!(!window.is_null());
+                app_state::handle_nonuser_events(
+                    std::iter::once(Event::RedrawRequested(RootWindowId(window.into())))
+                        .chain(std::iter::once(Event::RedrawEventsCleared)),
+                );
                 let superclass: &'static Class = msg_send![object, superclass];
                 let () = msg_send![super(object, superclass), drawRect: rect];
             }
@@ -52,22 +113,143 @@ unsafe fn get_view_class(root_view_class: &'static Class) -> &'static Class {
 
         extern "C" fn layout_subviews(object: &Object, _: Sel) {
             unsafe {
+                let superclass: &'static Class = msg_send![object, superclass];
+                let () = msg_send![super(object, superclass), layoutSubviews];
+
                 let window: id = msg_send![object, window];
+                assert!(!window.is_null());
                 let bounds: CGRect = msg_send![window, bounds];
                 let screen: id = msg_send![window, screen];
                 let screen_space: id = msg_send![screen, coordinateSpace];
                 let screen_frame: CGRect =
                     msg_send![object, convertRect:bounds toCoordinateSpace:screen_space];
                 let size = crate::dpi::LogicalSize {
-                    width: screen_frame.size.width,
-                    height: screen_frame.size.height,
+                    width: screen_frame.size.width as _,
+                    height: screen_frame.size.height as _,
                 };
-                AppState::handle_nonuser_event(Event::WindowEvent {
+                app_state::handle_nonuser_event(Event::WindowEvent {
                     window_id: RootWindowId(window.into()),
                     event: WindowEvent::Resized(size),
                 });
+            }
+        }
+
+        extern "C" fn set_content_scale_factor(
+            object: &mut Object,
+            _: Sel,
+            untrusted_hidpi_factor: CGFloat,
+        ) {
+            unsafe {
                 let superclass: &'static Class = msg_send![object, superclass];
-                let () = msg_send![super(object, superclass), layoutSubviews];
+                let () = msg_send![
+                    super(object, superclass),
+                    setContentScaleFactor: untrusted_hidpi_factor
+                ];
+
+                let window: id = msg_send![object, window];
+                // `window` is null when `setContentScaleFactor` is invoked prior to `[UIWindow
+                // makeKeyAndVisible]` at window creation time (either manually or internally by
+                // UIKit when the `UIView` is first created), in which case we send no events here
+                if window.is_null() {
+                    return;
+                }
+                // `setContentScaleFactor` may be called with a value of 0, which means "reset the
+                // content scale factor to a device-specific default value", so we can't use the
+                // parameter here. We can query the actual factor using the getter
+                let hidpi_factor: CGFloat = msg_send![object, contentScaleFactor];
+                assert!(
+                    !hidpi_factor.is_nan()
+                        && hidpi_factor.is_finite()
+                        && hidpi_factor.is_sign_positive()
+                        && hidpi_factor > 0.0,
+                    "invalid hidpi_factor set on UIView",
+                );
+                let bounds: CGRect = msg_send![object, bounds];
+                let screen: id = msg_send![window, screen];
+                let screen_space: id = msg_send![screen, coordinateSpace];
+                let screen_frame: CGRect =
+                    msg_send![object, convertRect:bounds toCoordinateSpace:screen_space];
+                let size = crate::dpi::LogicalSize {
+                    width: screen_frame.size.width as _,
+                    height: screen_frame.size.height as _,
+                };
+                app_state::handle_nonuser_events(
+                    std::iter::once(Event::WindowEvent {
+                        window_id: RootWindowId(window.into()),
+                        event: WindowEvent::HiDpiFactorChanged(hidpi_factor as _),
+                    })
+                    .chain(std::iter::once(Event::WindowEvent {
+                        window_id: RootWindowId(window.into()),
+                        event: WindowEvent::Resized(size),
+                    })),
+                );
+            }
+        }
+
+        extern "C" fn handle_touches(object: &Object, _: Sel, touches: id, _: id) {
+            unsafe {
+                let window: id = msg_send![object, window];
+                assert!(!window.is_null());
+                let uiscreen: id = msg_send![window, screen];
+                let touches_enum: id = msg_send![touches, objectEnumerator];
+                let mut touch_events = Vec::new();
+                let os_supports_force = app_state::os_capabilities().force_touch;
+                loop {
+                    let touch: id = msg_send![touches_enum, nextObject];
+                    if touch == nil {
+                        break;
+                    }
+                    let location: CGPoint = msg_send![touch, locationInView: nil];
+                    let touch_type: UITouchType = msg_send![touch, type];
+                    let force = if os_supports_force {
+                        let trait_collection: id = msg_send![object, traitCollection];
+                        let touch_capability: UIForceTouchCapability =
+                            msg_send![trait_collection, forceTouchCapability];
+                        // Both the OS _and_ the device need to be checked for force touch support.
+                        if touch_capability == UIForceTouchCapability::Available {
+                            let force: CGFloat = msg_send![touch, force];
+                            let max_possible_force: CGFloat =
+                                msg_send![touch, maximumPossibleForce];
+                            let altitude_angle: Option<f64> = if touch_type == UITouchType::Pencil {
+                                let angle: CGFloat = msg_send![touch, altitudeAngle];
+                                Some(angle as _)
+                            } else {
+                                None
+                            };
+                            Some(Force::Calibrated {
+                                force: force as _,
+                                max_possible_force: max_possible_force as _,
+                                altitude_angle,
+                            })
+                        } else {
+                            None
+                        }
+                    } else {
+                        None
+                    };
+                    let touch_id = touch as u64;
+                    let phase: UITouchPhase = msg_send![touch, phase];
+                    let phase = match phase {
+                        UITouchPhase::Began => TouchPhase::Started,
+                        UITouchPhase::Moved => TouchPhase::Moved,
+                        // 2 is UITouchPhase::Stationary and is not expected here
+                        UITouchPhase::Ended => TouchPhase::Ended,
+                        UITouchPhase::Cancelled => TouchPhase::Cancelled,
+                        _ => panic!("unexpected touch phase: {:?}", phase as i32),
+                    };
+
+                    touch_events.push(Event::WindowEvent {
+                        window_id: RootWindowId(window.into()),
+                        event: WindowEvent::Touch(Touch {
+                            device_id: RootDeviceId(DeviceId { uiscreen }),
+                            id: touch_id,
+                            location: (location.x as f64, location.y as f64).into(),
+                            force,
+                            phase,
+                        }),
+                    });
+                }
+                app_state::handle_nonuser_events(touch_events);
             }
         }
 
@@ -82,184 +264,9 @@ unsafe fn get_view_class(root_view_class: &'static Class) -> &'static Class {
             sel!(layoutSubviews),
             layout_subviews as extern "C" fn(&Object, Sel),
         );
-        decl.register()
-    })
-}
-
-// requires main thread
-unsafe fn get_view_controller_class() -> &'static Class {
-    static mut CLASS: Option<&'static Class> = None;
-    if CLASS.is_none() {
-        let uiviewcontroller_class = class!(UIViewController);
-
-        extern "C" fn set_prefers_status_bar_hidden(object: &mut Object, _: Sel, hidden: BOOL) {
-            unsafe {
-                object.set_ivar::<BOOL>("_prefers_status_bar_hidden", hidden);
-                let () = msg_send![object, setNeedsStatusBarAppearanceUpdate];
-            }
-        }
-
-        extern "C" fn prefers_status_bar_hidden(object: &Object, _: Sel) -> BOOL {
-            unsafe { *object.get_ivar::<BOOL>("_prefers_status_bar_hidden") }
-        }
-
-        extern "C" fn set_supported_orientations(
-            object: &mut Object,
-            _: Sel,
-            orientations: UIInterfaceOrientationMask,
-        ) {
-            unsafe {
-                object.set_ivar::<UIInterfaceOrientationMask>(
-                    "_supported_orientations",
-                    orientations,
-                );
-                let () = msg_send![class!(UIViewController), attemptRotationToDeviceOrientation];
-            }
-        }
-
-        extern "C" fn supported_orientations(
-            object: &Object,
-            _: Sel,
-        ) -> UIInterfaceOrientationMask {
-            unsafe { *object.get_ivar::<UIInterfaceOrientationMask>("_supported_orientations") }
-        }
-
-        extern "C" fn should_autorotate(_: &Object, _: Sel) -> BOOL {
-            YES
-        }
-
-        let mut decl = ClassDecl::new("WinitUIViewController", uiviewcontroller_class)
-            .expect("Failed to declare class `WinitUIViewController`");
-        decl.add_ivar::<BOOL>("_prefers_status_bar_hidden");
-        decl.add_ivar::<UIInterfaceOrientationMask>("_supported_orientations");
         decl.add_method(
-            sel!(setPrefersStatusBarHidden:),
-            set_prefers_status_bar_hidden as extern "C" fn(&mut Object, Sel, BOOL),
-        );
-        decl.add_method(
-            sel!(prefersStatusBarHidden),
-            prefers_status_bar_hidden as extern "C" fn(&Object, Sel) -> BOOL,
-        );
-        decl.add_method(
-            sel!(setSupportedInterfaceOrientations:),
-            set_supported_orientations
-                as extern "C" fn(&mut Object, Sel, UIInterfaceOrientationMask),
-        );
-        decl.add_method(
-            sel!(supportedInterfaceOrientations),
-            supported_orientations as extern "C" fn(&Object, Sel) -> UIInterfaceOrientationMask,
-        );
-        decl.add_method(
-            sel!(shouldAutorotate),
-            should_autorotate as extern "C" fn(&Object, Sel) -> BOOL,
-        );
-        CLASS = Some(decl.register());
-    }
-    CLASS.unwrap()
-}
-
-// requires main thread
-unsafe fn get_window_class() -> &'static Class {
-    static mut CLASS: Option<&'static Class> = None;
-    if CLASS.is_none() {
-        let uiwindow_class = class!(UIWindow);
-
-        extern "C" fn become_key_window(object: &Object, _: Sel) {
-            unsafe {
-                AppState::handle_nonuser_event(Event::WindowEvent {
-                    window_id: RootWindowId(object.into()),
-                    event: WindowEvent::Focused(true),
-                });
-                let () = msg_send![super(object, class!(UIWindow)), becomeKeyWindow];
-            }
-        }
-
-        extern "C" fn resign_key_window(object: &Object, _: Sel) {
-            unsafe {
-                AppState::handle_nonuser_event(Event::WindowEvent {
-                    window_id: RootWindowId(object.into()),
-                    event: WindowEvent::Focused(false),
-                });
-                let () = msg_send![super(object, class!(UIWindow)), resignKeyWindow];
-            }
-        }
-
-        extern "C" fn handle_touches(object: &Object, _: Sel, touches: id, _: id) {
-            unsafe {
-                let uiscreen = msg_send![object, screen];
-                let touches_enum: id = msg_send![touches, objectEnumerator];
-                let mut touch_events = Vec::new();
-                loop {
-                    let touch: id = msg_send![touches_enum, nextObject];
-                    if touch == nil {
-                        break;
-                    }
-                    let location: CGPoint = msg_send![touch, locationInView: nil];
-                    let touch_id = touch as u64;
-                    let phase: UITouchPhase = msg_send![touch, phase];
-                    let phase = match phase {
-                        UITouchPhase::Began => TouchPhase::Started,
-                        UITouchPhase::Moved => TouchPhase::Moved,
-                        // 2 is UITouchPhase::Stationary and is not expected here
-                        UITouchPhase::Ended => TouchPhase::Ended,
-                        UITouchPhase::Cancelled => TouchPhase::Cancelled,
-                        _ => panic!("unexpected touch phase: {:?}", phase as i32),
-                    };
-
-                    touch_events.push(Event::WindowEvent {
-                        window_id: RootWindowId(object.into()),
-                        event: WindowEvent::Touch(Touch {
-                            device_id: RootDeviceId(DeviceId { uiscreen }),
-                            id: touch_id,
-                            location: (location.x as f64, location.y as f64).into(),
-                            phase,
-                        }),
-                    });
-                }
-                AppState::handle_nonuser_events(touch_events);
-            }
-        }
-
-        extern "C" fn set_content_scale_factor(object: &mut Object, _: Sel, hidpi_factor: CGFloat) {
-            unsafe {
-                let () = msg_send![
-                    super(object, class!(UIWindow)),
-                    setContentScaleFactor: hidpi_factor
-                ];
-                let view_controller: id = msg_send![object, rootViewController];
-                let view: id = msg_send![view_controller, view];
-                let () = msg_send![view, setContentScaleFactor: hidpi_factor];
-                let bounds: CGRect = msg_send![object, bounds];
-                let screen: id = msg_send![object, screen];
-                let screen_space: id = msg_send![screen, coordinateSpace];
-                let screen_frame: CGRect =
-                    msg_send![object, convertRect:bounds toCoordinateSpace:screen_space];
-                let size = crate::dpi::LogicalSize {
-                    width: screen_frame.size.width,
-                    height: screen_frame.size.height,
-                };
-                AppState::handle_nonuser_events(
-                    std::iter::once(Event::WindowEvent {
-                        window_id: RootWindowId(object.into()),
-                        event: WindowEvent::HiDpiFactorChanged(hidpi_factor as _),
-                    })
-                    .chain(std::iter::once(Event::WindowEvent {
-                        window_id: RootWindowId(object.into()),
-                        event: WindowEvent::Resized(size),
-                    })),
-                );
-            }
-        }
-
-        let mut decl = ClassDecl::new("WinitUIWindow", uiwindow_class)
-            .expect("Failed to declare class `WinitUIWindow`");
-        decl.add_method(
-            sel!(becomeKeyWindow),
-            become_key_window as extern "C" fn(&Object, Sel),
-        );
-        decl.add_method(
-            sel!(resignKeyWindow),
-            resign_key_window as extern "C" fn(&Object, Sel),
+            sel!(setContentScaleFactor:),
+            set_content_scale_factor as extern "C" fn(&mut Object, Sel, CGFloat),
         );
 
         decl.add_method(
@@ -279,9 +286,114 @@ unsafe fn get_window_class() -> &'static Class {
             handle_touches as extern "C" fn(this: &Object, _: Sel, _: id, _: id),
         );
 
+        decl.register()
+    })
+}
+
+// requires main thread
+unsafe fn get_view_controller_class() -> &'static Class {
+    static mut CLASS: Option<&'static Class> = None;
+    if CLASS.is_none() {
+        let os_capabilities = app_state::os_capabilities();
+
+        let uiviewcontroller_class = class!(UIViewController);
+
+        extern "C" fn should_autorotate(_: &Object, _: Sel) -> BOOL {
+            YES
+        }
+
+        let mut decl = ClassDecl::new("WinitUIViewController", uiviewcontroller_class)
+            .expect("Failed to declare class `WinitUIViewController`");
         decl.add_method(
-            sel!(setContentScaleFactor:),
-            set_content_scale_factor as extern "C" fn(&mut Object, Sel, CGFloat),
+            sel!(shouldAutorotate),
+            should_autorotate as extern "C" fn(&Object, Sel) -> BOOL,
+        );
+        add_property! {
+            decl,
+            prefers_status_bar_hidden: BOOL,
+            setPrefersStatusBarHidden: |object| {
+                unsafe {
+                    let () = msg_send![object, setNeedsStatusBarAppearanceUpdate];
+                }
+            },
+            prefersStatusBarHidden,
+        }
+        add_property! {
+            decl,
+            prefers_home_indicator_auto_hidden: BOOL,
+            setPrefersHomeIndicatorAutoHidden:
+                os_capabilities.home_indicator_hidden,
+                OSCapabilities::home_indicator_hidden_err_msg;
+                |object| {
+                    unsafe {
+                        let () = msg_send![object, setNeedsUpdateOfHomeIndicatorAutoHidden];
+                    }
+                },
+            prefersHomeIndicatorAutoHidden,
+        }
+        add_property! {
+            decl,
+            supported_orientations: UIInterfaceOrientationMask,
+            setSupportedInterfaceOrientations: |object| {
+                unsafe {
+                    let () = msg_send![class!(UIViewController), attemptRotationToDeviceOrientation];
+                }
+            },
+            supportedInterfaceOrientations,
+        }
+        add_property! {
+            decl,
+            preferred_screen_edges_deferring_system_gestures: UIRectEdge,
+            setPreferredScreenEdgesDeferringSystemGestures:
+                os_capabilities.defer_system_gestures,
+                OSCapabilities::defer_system_gestures_err_msg;
+                |object| {
+                    unsafe {
+                        let () = msg_send![object, setNeedsUpdateOfScreenEdgesDeferringSystemGestures];
+                    }
+                },
+            preferredScreenEdgesDeferringSystemGestures,
+        }
+        CLASS = Some(decl.register());
+    }
+    CLASS.unwrap()
+}
+
+// requires main thread
+unsafe fn get_window_class() -> &'static Class {
+    static mut CLASS: Option<&'static Class> = None;
+    if CLASS.is_none() {
+        let uiwindow_class = class!(UIWindow);
+
+        extern "C" fn become_key_window(object: &Object, _: Sel) {
+            unsafe {
+                app_state::handle_nonuser_event(Event::WindowEvent {
+                    window_id: RootWindowId(object.into()),
+                    event: WindowEvent::Focused(true),
+                });
+                let () = msg_send![super(object, class!(UIWindow)), becomeKeyWindow];
+            }
+        }
+
+        extern "C" fn resign_key_window(object: &Object, _: Sel) {
+            unsafe {
+                app_state::handle_nonuser_event(Event::WindowEvent {
+                    window_id: RootWindowId(object.into()),
+                    event: WindowEvent::Focused(false),
+                });
+                let () = msg_send![super(object, class!(UIWindow)), resignKeyWindow];
+            }
+        }
+
+        let mut decl = ClassDecl::new("WinitUIWindow", uiwindow_class)
+            .expect("Failed to declare class `WinitUIWindow`");
+        decl.add_method(
+            sel!(becomeKeyWindow),
+            become_key_window as extern "C" fn(&Object, Sel),
+        );
+        decl.add_method(
+            sel!(resignKeyWindow),
+            resign_key_window as extern "C" fn(&Object, Sel),
         );
 
         CLASS = Some(decl.register());
@@ -302,13 +414,16 @@ pub unsafe fn create_view(
     let view: id = msg_send![view, initWithFrame: frame];
     assert!(!view.is_null(), "Failed to initialize `UIView` instance");
     let () = msg_send![view, setMultipleTouchEnabled: YES];
+    if let Some(hidpi_factor) = platform_attributes.hidpi_factor {
+        let () = msg_send![view, setContentScaleFactor: hidpi_factor as CGFloat];
+    }
 
     view
 }
 
 // requires main thread
 pub unsafe fn create_view_controller(
-    window_attributes: &WindowAttributes,
+    _window_attributes: &WindowAttributes,
     platform_attributes: &PlatformSpecificWindowBuilderAttributes,
     view: id,
 ) -> id {
@@ -324,16 +439,24 @@ pub unsafe fn create_view_controller(
         !view_controller.is_null(),
         "Failed to initialize `UIViewController` instance"
     );
-    let status_bar_hidden = if window_attributes.decorations {
-        NO
-    } else {
+    let status_bar_hidden = if platform_attributes.prefers_status_bar_hidden {
         YES
+    } else {
+        NO
     };
     let idiom = event_loop::get_idiom();
     let supported_orientations = UIInterfaceOrientationMask::from_valid_orientations_idiom(
         platform_attributes.valid_orientations,
         idiom,
     );
+    let prefers_home_indicator_hidden = if platform_attributes.prefers_home_indicator_hidden {
+        YES
+    } else {
+        NO
+    };
+    let edges: UIRectEdge = platform_attributes
+        .preferred_screen_edges_deferring_system_gestures
+        .into();
     let () = msg_send![
         view_controller,
         setPrefersStatusBarHidden: status_bar_hidden
@@ -342,6 +465,14 @@ pub unsafe fn create_view_controller(
         view_controller,
         setSupportedInterfaceOrientations: supported_orientations
     ];
+    let () = msg_send![
+        view_controller,
+        setPrefersHomeIndicatorAutoHidden: prefers_home_indicator_hidden
+    ];
+    let () = msg_send![
+        view_controller,
+        setPreferredScreenEdgesDeferringSystemGestures: edges
+    ];
     let () = msg_send![view_controller, setView: view];
     view_controller
 }
@@ -349,7 +480,7 @@ pub unsafe fn create_view_controller(
 // requires main thread
 pub unsafe fn create_window(
     window_attributes: &WindowAttributes,
-    platform_attributes: &PlatformSpecificWindowBuilderAttributes,
+    _platform_attributes: &PlatformSpecificWindowBuilderAttributes,
     frame: CGRect,
     view_controller: id,
 ) -> id {
@@ -363,11 +494,16 @@ pub unsafe fn create_window(
         "Failed to initialize `UIWindow` instance"
     );
     let () = msg_send![window, setRootViewController: view_controller];
-    if let Some(hidpi_factor) = platform_attributes.hidpi_factor {
-        let () = msg_send![window, setContentScaleFactor: hidpi_factor as CGFloat];
-    }
-    if let &Some(ref monitor) = &window_attributes.fullscreen {
-        let () = msg_send![window, setScreen:monitor.ui_screen()];
+    match window_attributes.fullscreen {
+        Some(Fullscreen::Exclusive(ref video_mode)) => {
+            let uiscreen = video_mode.monitor().ui_screen() as id;
+            let () = msg_send![uiscreen, setCurrentMode: video_mode.video_mode.screen_mode.0];
+            msg_send![window, setScreen:video_mode.monitor().ui_screen()]
+        }
+        Some(Fullscreen::Borderless(ref monitor)) => {
+            msg_send![window, setScreen:monitor.ui_screen()]
+        }
+        None => (),
     }
 
     window
@@ -376,17 +512,17 @@ pub unsafe fn create_window(
 pub fn create_delegate_class() {
     extern "C" fn did_finish_launching(_: &mut Object, _: Sel, _: id, _: id) -> BOOL {
         unsafe {
-            AppState::did_finish_launching();
+            app_state::did_finish_launching();
         }
         YES
     }
 
     extern "C" fn did_become_active(_: &Object, _: Sel, _: id) {
-        unsafe { AppState::handle_nonuser_event(Event::Resumed) }
+        unsafe { app_state::handle_nonuser_event(Event::Resumed) }
     }
 
     extern "C" fn will_resign_active(_: &Object, _: Sel, _: id) {
-        unsafe { AppState::handle_nonuser_event(Event::Suspended) }
+        unsafe { app_state::handle_nonuser_event(Event::Suspended) }
     }
 
     extern "C" fn will_enter_foreground(_: &Object, _: Sel, _: id) {}
@@ -411,8 +547,8 @@ pub fn create_delegate_class() {
                     });
                 }
             }
-            AppState::handle_nonuser_events(events);
-            AppState::terminated();
+            app_state::handle_nonuser_events(events);
+            app_state::terminated();
         }
     }
 

src/platform_impl/ios/window.rs

@@ -1,30 +1,34 @@
+use raw_window_handle::{ios::IOSHandle, RawWindowHandle};
 use std::{
     collections::VecDeque,
     ops::{Deref, DerefMut},
 };
 
-use objc::runtime::{Class, Object, NO, YES};
+use objc::runtime::{Class, Object, BOOL, NO, YES};
 
 use crate::{
     dpi::{self, LogicalPosition, LogicalSize},
     error::{ExternalError, NotSupportedError, OsError as RootOsError},
+    event::{Event, WindowEvent},
     icon::Icon,
     monitor::MonitorHandle as RootMonitorHandle,
-    platform::ios::{MonitorHandleExtIOS, ValidOrientations},
+    platform::ios::{MonitorHandleExtIOS, ScreenEdge, ValidOrientations},
     platform_impl::platform::{
-        app_state::AppState,
-        event_loop,
-        ffi::{id, CGFloat, CGPoint, CGRect, CGSize, UIEdgeInsets, UIInterfaceOrientationMask},
+        app_state, event_loop,
+        ffi::{
+            id, CGFloat, CGPoint, CGRect, CGSize, UIEdgeInsets, UIInterfaceOrientationMask,
+            UIRectEdge, UIScreenOverscanCompensation,
+        },
         monitor, view, EventLoopWindowTarget, MonitorHandle,
     },
-    window::{CursorIcon, WindowAttributes},
+    window::{CursorIcon, Fullscreen, WindowAttributes, WindowId as RootWindowId},
 };
 
 pub struct Inner {
     pub window: id,
     pub view_controller: id,
     pub view: id,
-    supports_safe_area: bool,
+    gl_or_metal_backed: bool,
 }
 
 impl Drop for Inner {
@@ -55,7 +59,19 @@ impl Inner {
 
     pub fn request_redraw(&self) {
         unsafe {
-            let () = msg_send![self.view, setNeedsDisplay];
+            if self.gl_or_metal_backed {
+                // `setNeedsDisplay` does nothing on UIViews which are directly backed by CAEAGLLayer or CAMetalLayer.
+                // Ordinarily the OS sets up a bunch of UIKit state before calling drawRect: on a UIView, but when using
+                // raw or gl/metal for drawing this work is completely avoided.
+                //
+                // The docs for `setNeedsDisplay` don't mention `CAMetalLayer`; however, this has been confirmed via
+                // testing.
+                //
+                // https://developer.apple.com/documentation/uikit/uiview/1622437-setneedsdisplay?language=objc
+                app_state::queue_gl_or_metal_redraw(self.window);
+            } else {
+                let () = msg_send![self.view, setNeedsDisplay];
+            }
         }
     }
 
@@ -63,8 +79,8 @@ impl Inner {
         unsafe {
             let safe_area = self.safe_area_screen_space();
             Ok(LogicalPosition {
-                x: safe_area.origin.x,
-                y: safe_area.origin.y,
+                x: safe_area.origin.x as _,
+                y: safe_area.origin.y as _,
             })
         }
     }
@@ -73,8 +89,8 @@ impl Inner {
         unsafe {
             let screen_frame = self.screen_frame();
             Ok(LogicalPosition {
-                x: screen_frame.origin.x,
-                y: screen_frame.origin.y,
+                x: screen_frame.origin.x as _,
+                y: screen_frame.origin.y as _,
             })
         }
     }
@@ -98,8 +114,8 @@ impl Inner {
         unsafe {
             let safe_area = self.safe_area_screen_space();
             LogicalSize {
-                width: safe_area.size.width,
-                height: safe_area.size.height,
+                width: safe_area.size.width as _,
+                height: safe_area.size.height as _,
             }
         }
     }
@@ -108,8 +124,8 @@ impl Inner {
         unsafe {
             let screen_frame = self.screen_frame();
             LogicalSize {
-                width: screen_frame.size.width,
-                height: screen_frame.size.height,
+                width: screen_frame.size.width as _,
+                height: screen_frame.size.height as _,
             }
         }
     }
@@ -153,30 +169,49 @@ impl Inner {
         debug!("`Window::set_cursor_visible` is ignored on iOS")
     }
 
+    pub fn set_minimized(&self, _minimized: bool) {
+        warn!("`Window::set_minimized` is ignored on iOS")
+    }
+
     pub fn set_maximized(&self, _maximized: bool) {
         warn!("`Window::set_maximized` is ignored on iOS")
     }
 
-    pub fn set_fullscreen(&self, monitor: Option<RootMonitorHandle>) {
+    pub fn set_fullscreen(&self, monitor: Option<Fullscreen>) {
         unsafe {
-            match monitor {
-                Some(monitor) => {
-                    let uiscreen = monitor.ui_screen() as id;
-                    let current: id = msg_send![self.window, screen];
-                    let bounds: CGRect = msg_send![uiscreen, bounds];
-
-                    // this is pretty slow on iOS, so avoid doing it if we can
-                    if uiscreen != current {
-                        let () = msg_send![self.window, setScreen: uiscreen];
-                    }
-                    let () = msg_send![self.window, setFrame: bounds];
+            let uiscreen = match monitor {
+                Some(Fullscreen::Exclusive(video_mode)) => {
+                    let uiscreen = video_mode.video_mode.monitor.ui_screen() as id;
+                    let () = msg_send![uiscreen, setCurrentMode: video_mode.video_mode.screen_mode];
+                    uiscreen
                 }
-                None => warn!("`Window::set_fullscreen(None)` ignored on iOS"),
+                Some(Fullscreen::Borderless(monitor)) => monitor.ui_screen() as id,
+                None => {
+                    warn!("`Window::set_fullscreen(None)` ignored on iOS");
+                    return;
+                }
+            };
+
+            // this is pretty slow on iOS, so avoid doing it if we can
+            let current: id = msg_send![self.window, screen];
+            if uiscreen != current {
+                let () = msg_send![self.window, setScreen: uiscreen];
             }
+
+            let bounds: CGRect = msg_send![uiscreen, bounds];
+            let () = msg_send![self.window, setFrame: bounds];
+
+            // For external displays, we must disable overscan compensation or
+            // the displayed image will have giant black bars surrounding it on
+            // each side
+            let () = msg_send![
+                uiscreen,
+                setOverscanCompensation: UIScreenOverscanCompensation::None
+            ];
         }
     }
 
-    pub fn fullscreen(&self) -> Option<RootMonitorHandle> {
+    pub fn fullscreen(&self) -> Option<Fullscreen> {
         unsafe {
             let monitor = self.current_monitor();
             let uiscreen = monitor.inner.ui_screen();
@@ -189,21 +224,15 @@ impl Inner {
                 && screen_space_bounds.size.width == screen_bounds.size.width
                 && screen_space_bounds.size.height == screen_bounds.size.height
             {
-                Some(monitor)
+                Some(Fullscreen::Borderless(monitor))
             } else {
                 None
             }
         }
     }
 
-    pub fn set_decorations(&self, decorations: bool) {
-        unsafe {
-            let status_bar_hidden = if decorations { NO } else { YES };
-            let () = msg_send![
-                self.view_controller,
-                setPrefersStatusBarHidden: status_bar_hidden
-            ];
-        }
+    pub fn set_decorations(&self, _decorations: bool) {
+        warn!("`Window::set_decorations` is ignored on iOS")
     }
 
     pub fn set_always_on_top(&self, _always_on_top: bool) {
@@ -238,6 +267,16 @@ impl Inner {
     pub fn id(&self) -> WindowId {
         self.window.into()
     }
+
+    pub fn raw_window_handle(&self) -> RawWindowHandle {
+        let handle = IOSHandle {
+            ui_window: self.window as _,
+            ui_view: self.view as _,
+            ui_view_controller: self.view_controller as _,
+            ..IOSHandle::empty()
+        };
+        RawWindowHandle::IOS(handle)
+    }
 }
 
 pub struct Window {
@@ -277,7 +316,7 @@ impl DerefMut for Window {
 
 impl Window {
     pub fn new<T>(
-        event_loop: &EventLoopWindowTarget<T>,
+        _event_loop: &EventLoopWindowTarget<T>,
         window_attributes: WindowAttributes,
         platform_attributes: PlatformSpecificWindowBuilderAttributes,
     ) -> Result<Window, RootOsError> {
@@ -293,25 +332,38 @@ impl Window {
         // TODO: transparency, visible
 
         unsafe {
-            let screen = window_attributes
-                .fullscreen
-                .as_ref()
-                .map(|screen| screen.ui_screen() as _)
-                .unwrap_or_else(|| monitor::main_uiscreen().ui_screen());
+            let screen = match window_attributes.fullscreen {
+                Some(Fullscreen::Exclusive(ref video_mode)) => {
+                    video_mode.video_mode.monitor.ui_screen() as id
+                }
+                Some(Fullscreen::Borderless(ref monitor)) => monitor.ui_screen() as id,
+                None => monitor::main_uiscreen().ui_screen(),
+            };
+
             let screen_bounds: CGRect = msg_send![screen, bounds];
 
             let frame = match window_attributes.inner_size {
                 Some(dim) => CGRect {
                     origin: screen_bounds.origin,
                     size: CGSize {
-                        width: dim.width,
-                        height: dim.height,
+                        width: dim.width as _,
+                        height: dim.height as _,
                     },
                 },
                 None => screen_bounds,
             };
 
             let view = view::create_view(&window_attributes, &platform_attributes, frame.clone());
+
+            let gl_or_metal_backed = {
+                let view_class: id = msg_send![view, class];
+                let layer_class: id = msg_send![view_class, layerClass];
+                let is_metal: BOOL =
+                    msg_send![layer_class, isSubclassOfClass: class!(CAMetalLayer)];
+                let is_gl: BOOL = msg_send![layer_class, isSubclassOfClass: class!(CAEAGLLayer)];
+                is_metal == YES || is_gl == YES
+            };
+
             let view_controller =
                 view::create_view_controller(&window_attributes, &platform_attributes, view);
             let window = view::create_window(
@@ -321,17 +373,41 @@ impl Window {
                 view_controller,
             );
 
-            let supports_safe_area = event_loop.capabilities().supports_safe_area;
-
             let result = Window {
                 inner: Inner {
                     window,
                     view_controller,
                     view,
-                    supports_safe_area,
+                    gl_or_metal_backed,
                 },
             };
-            AppState::set_key_window(window);
+            app_state::set_key_window(window);
+
+            // Like the Windows and macOS backends, we send a `HiDpiFactorChanged` and `Resized`
+            // event on window creation if the DPI factor != 1.0
+            let hidpi_factor: CGFloat = msg_send![view, contentScaleFactor];
+            if hidpi_factor != 1.0 {
+                let bounds: CGRect = msg_send![view, bounds];
+                let screen: id = msg_send![window, screen];
+                let screen_space: id = msg_send![screen, coordinateSpace];
+                let screen_frame: CGRect =
+                    msg_send![view, convertRect:bounds toCoordinateSpace:screen_space];
+                let size = crate::dpi::LogicalSize {
+                    width: screen_frame.size.width as _,
+                    height: screen_frame.size.height as _,
+                };
+                app_state::handle_nonuser_events(
+                    std::iter::once(Event::WindowEvent {
+                        window_id: RootWindowId(window.into()),
+                        event: WindowEvent::HiDpiFactorChanged(hidpi_factor as _),
+                    })
+                    .chain(std::iter::once(Event::WindowEvent {
+                        window_id: RootWindowId(window.into()),
+                        event: WindowEvent::Resized(size),
+                    })),
+                );
+            }
+
             Ok(result)
         }
     }
@@ -370,6 +446,36 @@ impl Inner {
             msg_send![
                 self.view_controller,
                 setSupportedInterfaceOrientations: supported_orientations
+            ]
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn set_prefers_home_indicator_hidden(&self, hidden: bool) {
+        unsafe {
+            let prefers_home_indicator_hidden = if hidden { YES } else { NO };
+            let () = msg_send![
+                self.view_controller,
+                setPrefersHomeIndicatorAutoHidden: prefers_home_indicator_hidden
+            ];
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn set_preferred_screen_edges_deferring_system_gestures(&self, edges: ScreenEdge) {
+        let edges: UIRectEdge = edges.into();
+        unsafe {
+            let () = msg_send![
+                self.view_controller,
+                setPreferredScreenEdgesDeferringSystemGestures: edges
+            ];
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn set_prefers_status_bar_hidden(&self, hidden: bool) {
+        unsafe {
+            let status_bar_hidden = if hidden { YES } else { NO };
+            let () = msg_send![
+                self.view_controller,
+                setPrefersStatusBarHidden: status_bar_hidden
             ];
         }
     }
@@ -406,7 +512,7 @@ impl Inner {
     // requires main thread
     unsafe fn safe_area_screen_space(&self) -> CGRect {
         let bounds: CGRect = msg_send![self.window, bounds];
-        if self.supports_safe_area {
+        if app_state::os_capabilities().safe_area {
             let safe_area: UIEdgeInsets = msg_send![self.window, safeAreaInsets];
             let safe_bounds = CGRect {
                 origin: CGPoint {
@@ -494,6 +600,9 @@ pub struct PlatformSpecificWindowBuilderAttributes {
     pub root_view_class: &'static Class,
     pub hidpi_factor: Option<f64>,
     pub valid_orientations: ValidOrientations,
+    pub prefers_home_indicator_hidden: bool,
+    pub prefers_status_bar_hidden: bool,
+    pub preferred_screen_edges_deferring_system_gestures: ScreenEdge,
 }
 
 impl Default for PlatformSpecificWindowBuilderAttributes {
@@ -502,6 +611,9 @@ impl Default for PlatformSpecificWindowBuilderAttributes {
             root_view_class: class!(UIView),
             hidpi_factor: None,
             valid_orientations: Default::default(),
+            prefers_home_indicator_hidden: false,
+            prefers_status_bar_hidden: false,
+            preferred_screen_edges_deferring_system_gestures: Default::default(),
         }
     }
 }

src/platform_impl/linux/dlopen.rs

@@ -1,15 +0,0 @@
-#![cfg(any(target_os = "linux", target_os = "dragonfly", target_os = "freebsd", target_os = "netbsd", target_os = "openbsd"))]
-#![allow(dead_code)]
-
-use std::os::raw::{c_char, c_int, c_void};
-
-pub const RTLD_LAZY: c_int = 0x001;
-pub const RTLD_NOW: c_int = 0x002;
-
-#[link(name = "dl")]
-extern "C" {
-    pub fn dlopen(filename: *const c_char, flag: c_int) -> *mut c_void;
-    pub fn dlerror() -> *mut c_char;
-    pub fn dlsym(handle: *mut c_void, symbol: *const c_char) -> *mut c_void;
-    pub fn dlclose(handle: *mut c_void) -> c_int;
-}

src/platform_impl/linux/mod.rs

@@ -1,23 +1,25 @@
 #![cfg(any(target_os = "linux", target_os = "dragonfly", target_os = "freebsd", target_os = "netbsd", target_os = "openbsd"))]
 
-use std::{collections::VecDeque, env, ffi::CStr, fmt, mem, os::raw::*, sync::Arc};
+use std::{collections::VecDeque, env, ffi::CStr, fmt, mem::MaybeUninit, os::raw::*, sync::Arc};
 
 use parking_lot::Mutex;
+use raw_window_handle::RawWindowHandle;
 use smithay_client_toolkit::reexports::client::ConnectError;
 
 pub use self::x11::XNotSupported;
-use self::x11::{ffi::XVisualInfo, XConnection, XError};
+use self::x11::{
+    ffi::XVisualInfo, get_xtarget, util::WindowType as XWindowType, XConnection, XError,
+};
 use crate::{
     dpi::{LogicalPosition, LogicalSize, PhysicalPosition, PhysicalSize},
     error::{ExternalError, NotSupportedError, OsError as RootOsError},
     event::Event,
     event_loop::{ControlFlow, EventLoopClosed, EventLoopWindowTarget as RootELW},
     icon::Icon,
-    monitor::{MonitorHandle as RootMonitorHandle, VideoMode},
-    window::{CursorIcon, WindowAttributes},
+    monitor::{MonitorHandle as RootMonitorHandle, VideoMode as RootVideoMode},
+    window::{CursorIcon, Fullscreen, WindowAttributes},
 };
 
-mod dlopen;
 pub mod wayland;
 pub mod x11;
 
@@ -30,7 +32,7 @@ pub mod x11;
 /// If this variable is set with any other value, winit will panic.
 const BACKEND_PREFERENCE_ENV_VAR: &str = "WINIT_UNIX_BACKEND";
 
-#[derive(Clone, Default)]
+#[derive(Clone)]
 pub struct PlatformSpecificWindowBuilderAttributes {
     pub visual_infos: Option<XVisualInfo>,
     pub screen_id: Option<i32>,
@@ -38,11 +40,27 @@ pub struct PlatformSpecificWindowBuilderAttributes {
     pub base_size: Option<(u32, u32)>,
     pub class: Option<(String, String)>,
     pub override_redirect: bool,
-    pub x11_window_type: x11::util::WindowType,
+    pub x11_window_types: Vec<XWindowType>,
     pub gtk_theme_variant: Option<String>,
     pub app_id: Option<String>,
 }
 
+impl Default for PlatformSpecificWindowBuilderAttributes {
+    fn default() -> Self {
+        Self {
+            visual_infos: None,
+            screen_id: None,
+            resize_increments: None,
+            base_size: None,
+            class: None,
+            override_redirect: false,
+            x11_window_types: vec![XWindowType::Normal],
+            gtk_theme_variant: None,
+            app_id: None,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 lazy_static! {
     pub static ref X11_BACKEND: Mutex<Result<Arc<XConnection>, XNotSupported>> =
         { Mutex::new(XConnection::new(Some(x_error_callback)).map(Arc::new)) };
@@ -92,7 +110,7 @@ impl DeviceId {
     }
 }
 
-#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord)]
 pub enum MonitorHandle {
     X(x11::MonitorHandle),
     Wayland(wayland::MonitorHandle),
@@ -140,7 +158,7 @@ impl MonitorHandle {
     }
 
     #[inline]
-    pub fn video_modes(&self) -> Box<dyn Iterator<Item = VideoMode>> {
+    pub fn video_modes(&self) -> Box<dyn Iterator<Item = RootVideoMode>> {
         match self {
             MonitorHandle::X(m) => Box::new(m.video_modes()),
             MonitorHandle::Wayland(m) => Box::new(m.video_modes()),
@@ -148,6 +166,46 @@ impl MonitorHandle {
     }
 }
 
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
+pub enum VideoMode {
+    X(x11::VideoMode),
+    Wayland(wayland::VideoMode),
+}
+
+impl VideoMode {
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn size(&self) -> PhysicalSize {
+        match self {
+            &VideoMode::X(ref m) => m.size(),
+            &VideoMode::Wayland(ref m) => m.size(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn bit_depth(&self) -> u16 {
+        match self {
+            &VideoMode::X(ref m) => m.bit_depth(),
+            &VideoMode::Wayland(ref m) => m.bit_depth(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn refresh_rate(&self) -> u16 {
+        match self {
+            &VideoMode::X(ref m) => m.refresh_rate(),
+            &VideoMode::Wayland(ref m) => m.refresh_rate(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn monitor(&self) -> RootMonitorHandle {
+        match self {
+            &VideoMode::X(ref m) => m.monitor(),
+            &VideoMode::Wayland(ref m) => m.monitor(),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 impl Window {
     #[inline]
     pub fn new<T>(
@@ -310,17 +368,23 @@ impl Window {
     }
 
     #[inline]
-    pub fn fullscreen(&self) -> Option<RootMonitorHandle> {
+    pub fn set_minimized(&self, minimized: bool) {
         match self {
-            &Window::X(ref w) => w.fullscreen(),
-            &Window::Wayland(ref w) => w.fullscreen().map(|monitor_id| RootMonitorHandle {
-                inner: MonitorHandle::Wayland(monitor_id),
-            }),
+            &Window::X(ref w) => w.set_minimized(minimized),
+            &Window::Wayland(ref w) => w.set_minimized(minimized),
         }
     }
 
     #[inline]
-    pub fn set_fullscreen(&self, monitor: Option<RootMonitorHandle>) {
+    pub fn fullscreen(&self) -> Option<Fullscreen> {
+        match self {
+            &Window::X(ref w) => w.fullscreen(),
+            &Window::Wayland(ref w) => w.fullscreen(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn set_fullscreen(&self, monitor: Option<Fullscreen>) {
         match self {
             &Window::X(ref w) => w.set_fullscreen(monitor),
             &Window::Wayland(ref w) => w.set_fullscreen(monitor),
@@ -402,6 +466,13 @@ impl Window {
             &Window::Wayland(ref window) => MonitorHandle::Wayland(window.primary_monitor()),
         }
     }
+
+    pub fn raw_window_handle(&self) -> RawWindowHandle {
+        match self {
+            &Window::X(ref window) => RawWindowHandle::Xlib(window.raw_window_handle()),
+            &Window::Wayland(ref window) => RawWindowHandle::Wayland(window.raw_window_handle()),
+        }
+    }
 }
 
 unsafe extern "C" fn x_error_callback(
@@ -410,14 +481,16 @@ unsafe extern "C" fn x_error_callback(
 ) -> c_int {
     let xconn_lock = X11_BACKEND.lock();
     if let Ok(ref xconn) = *xconn_lock {
-        let mut buf: [c_char; 1024] = mem::uninitialized();
+        // `assume_init` is safe here because the array consists of `MaybeUninit` values,
+        // which do not require initialization.
+        let mut buf: [MaybeUninit<c_char>; 1024] = MaybeUninit::uninit().assume_init();
         (xconn.xlib.XGetErrorText)(
             display,
             (*event).error_code as c_int,
-            buf.as_mut_ptr(),
+            buf.as_mut_ptr() as *mut c_char,
             buf.len() as c_int,
         );
-        let description = CStr::from_ptr(buf.as_ptr()).to_string_lossy();
+        let description = CStr::from_ptr(buf.as_ptr() as *const c_char).to_string_lossy();
 
         let error = XError {
             description: description.into_owned(),
@@ -439,22 +512,38 @@ pub enum EventLoop<T: 'static> {
     X(x11::EventLoop<T>),
 }
 
-#[derive(Clone)]
 pub enum EventLoopProxy<T: 'static> {
     X(x11::EventLoopProxy<T>),
     Wayland(wayland::EventLoopProxy<T>),
 }
 
+impl<T: 'static> Clone for EventLoopProxy<T> {
+    fn clone(&self) -> Self {
+        match self {
+            EventLoopProxy::X(proxy) => EventLoopProxy::X(proxy.clone()),
+            EventLoopProxy::Wayland(proxy) => EventLoopProxy::Wayland(proxy.clone()),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 impl<T: 'static> EventLoop<T> {
     pub fn new() -> EventLoop<T> {
+        assert_is_main_thread("new_any_thread");
+
+        EventLoop::new_any_thread()
+    }
+
+    pub fn new_any_thread() -> EventLoop<T> {
         if let Ok(env_var) = env::var(BACKEND_PREFERENCE_ENV_VAR) {
             match env_var.as_str() {
                 "x11" => {
                     // TODO: propagate
-                    return EventLoop::new_x11().expect("Failed to initialize X11 backend");
+                    return EventLoop::new_x11_any_thread()
+                        .expect("Failed to initialize X11 backend");
                 }
                 "wayland" => {
-                    return EventLoop::new_wayland().expect("Failed to initialize Wayland backend");
+                    return EventLoop::new_wayland_any_thread()
+                        .expect("Failed to initialize Wayland backend");
                 }
                 _ => panic!(
                     "Unknown environment variable value for {}, try one of `x11`,`wayland`",
@@ -463,12 +552,12 @@ impl<T: 'static> EventLoop<T> {
             }
         }
 
-        let wayland_err = match EventLoop::new_wayland() {
+        let wayland_err = match EventLoop::new_wayland_any_thread() {
             Ok(event_loop) => return event_loop,
             Err(err) => err,
         };
 
-        let x11_err = match EventLoop::new_x11() {
+        let x11_err = match EventLoop::new_x11_any_thread() {
             Ok(event_loop) => return event_loop,
             Err(err) => err,
         };
@@ -481,10 +570,22 @@ impl<T: 'static> EventLoop<T> {
     }
 
     pub fn new_wayland() -> Result<EventLoop<T>, ConnectError> {
+        assert_is_main_thread("new_wayland_any_thread");
+
+        EventLoop::new_wayland_any_thread()
+    }
+
+    pub fn new_wayland_any_thread() -> Result<EventLoop<T>, ConnectError> {
         wayland::EventLoop::new().map(EventLoop::Wayland)
     }
 
     pub fn new_x11() -> Result<EventLoop<T>, XNotSupported> {
+        assert_is_main_thread("new_x11_any_thread");
+
+        EventLoop::new_x11_any_thread()
+    }
+
+    pub fn new_x11_any_thread() -> Result<EventLoop<T>, XNotSupported> {
         X11_BACKEND
             .lock()
             .as_ref()
@@ -502,7 +603,7 @@ impl<T: 'static> EventLoop<T> {
                 .into_iter()
                 .map(MonitorHandle::Wayland)
                 .collect(),
-            EventLoop::X(ref evlp) => evlp
+            EventLoop::X(ref evlp) => get_xtarget(&evlp.target)
                 .x_connection()
                 .available_monitors()
                 .into_iter()
@@ -515,7 +616,9 @@ impl<T: 'static> EventLoop<T> {
     pub fn primary_monitor(&self) -> MonitorHandle {
         match *self {
             EventLoop::Wayland(ref evlp) => MonitorHandle::Wayland(evlp.primary_monitor()),
-            EventLoop::X(ref evlp) => MonitorHandle::X(evlp.x_connection().primary_monitor()),
+            EventLoop::X(ref evlp) => {
+                MonitorHandle::X(get_xtarget(&evlp.target).x_connection().primary_monitor())
+            }
         }
     }
 
@@ -546,14 +649,6 @@ impl<T: 'static> EventLoop<T> {
         }
     }
 
-    #[inline]
-    pub fn is_wayland(&self) -> bool {
-        match *self {
-            EventLoop::Wayland(_) => true,
-            EventLoop::X(_) => false,
-        }
-    }
-
     pub fn window_target(&self) -> &crate::event_loop::EventLoopWindowTarget<T> {
         match *self {
             EventLoop::Wayland(ref evl) => evl.window_target(),
@@ -563,7 +658,7 @@ impl<T: 'static> EventLoop<T> {
 }
 
 impl<T: 'static> EventLoopProxy<T> {
-    pub fn send_event(&self, event: T) -> Result<(), EventLoopClosed> {
+    pub fn send_event(&self, event: T) -> Result<(), EventLoopClosed<T>> {
         match *self {
             EventLoopProxy::Wayland(ref proxy) => proxy.send_event(event),
             EventLoopProxy::X(ref proxy) => proxy.send_event(event),
@@ -576,6 +671,16 @@ pub enum EventLoopWindowTarget<T> {
     X(x11::EventLoopWindowTarget<T>),
 }
 
+impl<T> EventLoopWindowTarget<T> {
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn is_wayland(&self) -> bool {
+        match *self {
+            EventLoopWindowTarget::Wayland(_) => true,
+            EventLoopWindowTarget::X(_) => false,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 fn sticky_exit_callback<T, F>(
     evt: Event<T>,
     target: &RootELW<T>,
@@ -595,3 +700,35 @@ fn sticky_exit_callback<T, F>(
     // user callback
     callback(evt, target, cf)
 }
+
+fn assert_is_main_thread(suggested_method: &str) {
+    if !is_main_thread() {
+        panic!(
+            "Initializing the event loop outside of the main thread is a significant \
+             cross-platform compatibility hazard. If you really, absolutely need to create an \
+             EventLoop on a different thread, please use the `EventLoopExtUnix::{}` function.",
+            suggested_method
+        );
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(target_os = "linux")]
+fn is_main_thread() -> bool {
+    use libc::{c_long, getpid, syscall, SYS_gettid};
+
+    unsafe { syscall(SYS_gettid) == getpid() as c_long }
+}
+
+#[cfg(any(target_os = "dragonfly", target_os = "freebsd", target_os = "openbsd"))]
+fn is_main_thread() -> bool {
+    use libc::pthread_main_np;
+
+    unsafe { pthread_main_np() == 1 }
+}
+
+#[cfg(target_os = "netbsd")]
+fn is_main_thread() -> bool {
+    use libc::_lwp_self;
+
+    unsafe { _lwp_self() == 1 }
+}

src/platform_impl/linux/wayland/event_loop.rs

@@ -7,17 +7,29 @@ use std::{
     time::Instant,
 };
 
+use smithay_client_toolkit::reexports::protocols::unstable::pointer_constraints::v1::client::{
+    zwp_locked_pointer_v1::ZwpLockedPointerV1, zwp_pointer_constraints_v1::ZwpPointerConstraintsV1,
+};
 use smithay_client_toolkit::reexports::protocols::unstable::relative_pointer::v1::client::{
     zwp_relative_pointer_manager_v1::ZwpRelativePointerManagerV1,
     zwp_relative_pointer_v1::ZwpRelativePointerV1,
 };
 
+use smithay_client_toolkit::pointer::{AutoPointer, AutoThemer};
+use smithay_client_toolkit::reexports::client::protocol::{
+    wl_compositor::WlCompositor, wl_shm::WlShm, wl_surface::WlSurface,
+};
+
 use crate::{
     dpi::{PhysicalPosition, PhysicalSize},
     event::ModifiersState,
     event_loop::{ControlFlow, EventLoopClosed, EventLoopWindowTarget as RootELW},
-    monitor::VideoMode,
-    platform_impl::platform::sticky_exit_callback,
+    monitor::{MonitorHandle as RootMonitorHandle, VideoMode as RootVideoMode},
+    platform_impl::platform::{
+        sticky_exit_callback, MonitorHandle as PlatformMonitorHandle,
+        VideoMode as PlatformVideoMode,
+    },
+    window::CursorIcon,
 };
 
 use super::{window::WindowStore, DeviceId, WindowId};
@@ -42,6 +54,10 @@ impl<T> WindowEventsSink<T> {
         }
     }
 
+    pub fn send_event(&mut self, evt: crate::event::Event<T>) {
+        self.buffer.push_back(evt);
+    }
+
     pub fn send_window_event(&mut self, evt: crate::event::WindowEvent, wid: WindowId) {
         self.buffer.push_back(crate::event::Event::WindowEvent {
             event: evt,
@@ -66,40 +82,189 @@ impl<T> WindowEventsSink<T> {
     }
 }
 
+pub struct CursorManager {
+    pointer_constraints_proxy: Arc<Mutex<Option<ZwpPointerConstraintsV1>>>,
+    auto_themer: Option<AutoThemer>,
+    pointers: Vec<AutoPointer>,
+    locked_pointers: Vec<ZwpLockedPointerV1>,
+    cursor_visible: bool,
+    current_cursor: CursorIcon,
+}
+
+impl CursorManager {
+    fn new(constraints: Arc<Mutex<Option<ZwpPointerConstraintsV1>>>) -> CursorManager {
+        CursorManager {
+            pointer_constraints_proxy: constraints,
+            auto_themer: None,
+            pointers: Vec::new(),
+            locked_pointers: Vec::new(),
+            cursor_visible: true,
+            current_cursor: CursorIcon::default(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn register_pointer(&mut self, pointer: wl_pointer::WlPointer) {
+        let auto_themer = self
+            .auto_themer
+            .as_ref()
+            .expect("AutoThemer not initialized. Server did not advertise shm or compositor?");
+        self.pointers.push(auto_themer.theme_pointer(pointer));
+    }
+
+    fn set_auto_themer(&mut self, auto_themer: AutoThemer) {
+        self.auto_themer = Some(auto_themer);
+    }
+
+    pub fn set_cursor_visible(&mut self, visible: bool) {
+        if !visible {
+            for pointer in self.pointers.iter() {
+                (**pointer).set_cursor(0, None, 0, 0);
+            }
+        } else {
+            self.set_cursor_icon_impl(self.current_cursor);
+        }
+        self.cursor_visible = visible;
+    }
+
+    /// A helper function to restore cursor styles on PtrEvent::Enter.
+    pub fn reload_cursor_style(&mut self) {
+        if !self.cursor_visible {
+            self.set_cursor_visible(false);
+        } else {
+            self.set_cursor_icon_impl(self.current_cursor);
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn set_cursor_icon(&mut self, cursor: CursorIcon) {
+        if cursor != self.current_cursor {
+            self.current_cursor = cursor;
+            if self.cursor_visible {
+                self.set_cursor_icon_impl(cursor);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn set_cursor_icon_impl(&mut self, cursor: CursorIcon) {
+        let cursor = match cursor {
+            CursorIcon::Alias => "link",
+            CursorIcon::Arrow => "arrow",
+            CursorIcon::Cell => "plus",
+            CursorIcon::Copy => "copy",
+            CursorIcon::Crosshair => "crosshair",
+            CursorIcon::Default => "left_ptr",
+            CursorIcon::Hand => "hand",
+            CursorIcon::Help => "question_arrow",
+            CursorIcon::Move => "move",
+            CursorIcon::Grab => "grab",
+            CursorIcon::Grabbing => "grabbing",
+            CursorIcon::Progress => "progress",
+            CursorIcon::AllScroll => "all-scroll",
+            CursorIcon::ContextMenu => "context-menu",
+
+            CursorIcon::NoDrop => "no-drop",
+            CursorIcon::NotAllowed => "crossed_circle",
+
+            // Resize cursors
+            CursorIcon::EResize => "right_side",
+            CursorIcon::NResize => "top_side",
+            CursorIcon::NeResize => "top_right_corner",
+            CursorIcon::NwResize => "top_left_corner",
+            CursorIcon::SResize => "bottom_side",
+            CursorIcon::SeResize => "bottom_right_corner",
+            CursorIcon::SwResize => "bottom_left_corner",
+            CursorIcon::WResize => "left_side",
+            CursorIcon::EwResize => "h_double_arrow",
+            CursorIcon::NsResize => "v_double_arrow",
+            CursorIcon::NwseResize => "bd_double_arrow",
+            CursorIcon::NeswResize => "fd_double_arrow",
+            CursorIcon::ColResize => "h_double_arrow",
+            CursorIcon::RowResize => "v_double_arrow",
+
+            CursorIcon::Text => "text",
+            CursorIcon::VerticalText => "vertical-text",
+
+            CursorIcon::Wait => "watch",
+
+            CursorIcon::ZoomIn => "zoom-in",
+            CursorIcon::ZoomOut => "zoom-out",
+        };
+
+        for pointer in self.pointers.iter() {
+            // Ignore erros, since we don't want to fail hard in case we can't find a proper cursor
+            // in a given theme.
+            let _ = pointer.set_cursor(cursor, None);
+        }
+    }
+
+    // This function can only be called from a thread on which `pointer_constraints_proxy` event
+    // queue is located, so calling it directly from a Window doesn't work well, in case
+    // you've sent your window to another thread, so we need to pass cursor grab updates to
+    // the event loop and call this function from there.
+    fn grab_pointer(&mut self, surface: Option<&WlSurface>) {
+        for locked_pointer in self.locked_pointers.drain(..) {
+            locked_pointer.destroy();
+        }
+
+        if let Some(surface) = surface {
+            for pointer in self.pointers.iter() {
+                let locked_pointer = self
+                    .pointer_constraints_proxy
+                    .try_lock()
+                    .unwrap()
+                    .as_ref()
+                    .and_then(|pointer_constraints| {
+                        super::pointer::implement_locked_pointer(
+                            surface,
+                            &**pointer,
+                            pointer_constraints,
+                        )
+                        .ok()
+                    });
+
+                if let Some(locked_pointer) = locked_pointer {
+                    self.locked_pointers.push(locked_pointer);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 pub struct EventLoop<T: 'static> {
     // The loop
     inner_loop: ::calloop::EventLoop<()>,
     // The wayland display
     pub display: Arc<Display>,
-    // the output manager
+    // The output manager
     pub outputs: OutputMgr,
-    // our sink, shared with some handlers, buffering the events
+    // Our sink, shared with some handlers, buffering the events
     sink: Arc<Mutex<WindowEventsSink<T>>>,
     pending_user_events: Rc<RefCell<VecDeque<T>>>,
+    // The cursor manager
+    cursor_manager: Arc<Mutex<CursorManager>>,
+    // Utility for grabbing the cursor and changing visibility
     _user_source: ::calloop::Source<::calloop::channel::Channel<T>>,
     user_sender: ::calloop::channel::Sender<T>,
-    _kbd_source: ::calloop::Source<
-        ::calloop::channel::Channel<(crate::event::WindowEvent, super::WindowId)>,
-    >,
+    _kbd_source: ::calloop::Source<::calloop::channel::Channel<crate::event::Event<()>>>,
     window_target: RootELW<T>,
 }
 
 // A handle that can be sent across threads and used to wake up the `EventLoop`.
 //
 // We should only try and wake up the `EventLoop` if it still exists, so we hold Weak ptrs.
-#[derive(Clone)]
 pub struct EventLoopProxy<T: 'static> {
-    user_sender: ::calloop::channel::Sender<T>,
+    user_sender: calloop::channel::Sender<T>,
 }
 
 pub struct EventLoopWindowTarget<T> {
-    // the event queue
+    // The event queue
     pub evq: RefCell<::calloop::Source<EventQueue>>,
     // The window store
     pub store: Arc<Mutex<WindowStore>>,
-    // the env
+    // The cursor manager
+    pub cursor_manager: Arc<Mutex<CursorManager>>,
+    // The env
     pub env: Environment,
-    // a cleanup switch to prune dead windows
+    // A cleanup switch to prune dead windows
     pub cleanup_needed: Arc<Mutex<bool>>,
     // The wayland display
     pub display: Arc<Display>,
@@ -108,9 +273,23 @@ pub struct EventLoopWindowTarget<T> {
     _marker: ::std::marker::PhantomData<T>,
 }
 
+impl<T: 'static> Clone for EventLoopProxy<T> {
+    fn clone(&self) -> Self {
+        EventLoopProxy {
+            user_sender: self.user_sender.clone(),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 impl<T: 'static> EventLoopProxy<T> {
-    pub fn send_event(&self, event: T) -> Result<(), EventLoopClosed> {
-        self.user_sender.send(event).map_err(|_| EventLoopClosed)
+    pub fn send_event(&self, event: T) -> Result<(), EventLoopClosed<T>> {
+        self.user_sender.send(event).map_err(|e| {
+            EventLoopClosed(if let ::calloop::channel::SendError::Disconnected(x) = e {
+                x
+            } else {
+                unreachable!()
+            })
+        })
     }
 }
 
@@ -125,25 +304,36 @@ impl<T: 'static> EventLoop<T> {
 
         let inner_loop = ::calloop::EventLoop::new().unwrap();
 
-        let (kbd_sender, kbd_channel) = ::calloop::channel::channel();
+        let (kbd_sender, kbd_channel) = ::calloop::channel::channel::<crate::event::Event<()>>();
         let kbd_sink = sink.clone();
         let kbd_source = inner_loop
             .handle()
             .insert_source(kbd_channel, move |evt, &mut ()| {
-                if let ::calloop::channel::Event::Msg((evt, wid)) = evt {
-                    kbd_sink.lock().unwrap().send_window_event(evt, wid);
+                if let ::calloop::channel::Event::Msg(evt) = evt {
+                    let evt = evt.map_nonuser_event().ok().unwrap();
+                    kbd_sink.lock().unwrap().send_event(evt);
                 }
             })
             .unwrap();
 
+        let pointer_constraints_proxy = Arc::new(Mutex::new(None));
+
         let mut seat_manager = SeatManager {
             sink: sink.clone(),
-            relative_pointer_manager_proxy: None,
+            relative_pointer_manager_proxy: Rc::new(RefCell::new(None)),
+            pointer_constraints_proxy: pointer_constraints_proxy.clone(),
             store: store.clone(),
             seats: seats.clone(),
             kbd_sender,
+            cursor_manager: Arc::new(Mutex::new(CursorManager::new(pointer_constraints_proxy))),
         };
 
+        let cursor_manager = seat_manager.cursor_manager.clone();
+        let cursor_manager_clone = cursor_manager.clone();
+
+        let shm_cell = Rc::new(RefCell::new(None));
+        let compositor_cell = Rc::new(RefCell::new(None));
+
         let env = Environment::from_display_with_cb(
             &display,
             &mut event_queue,
@@ -154,14 +344,53 @@ impl<T: 'static> EventLoop<T> {
                     version,
                 } => {
                     if interface == "zwp_relative_pointer_manager_v1" {
-                        seat_manager.relative_pointer_manager_proxy = Some(
-                            registry
-                                .bind(version, id, move |pointer_manager| {
-                                    pointer_manager.implement_closure(|_, _| (), ())
-                                })
-                                .unwrap(),
-                        )
+                        let relative_pointer_manager_proxy = registry
+                            .bind(version, id, move |pointer_manager| {
+                                pointer_manager.implement_closure(|_, _| (), ())
+                            })
+                            .unwrap();
+
+                        *seat_manager
+                            .relative_pointer_manager_proxy
+                            .try_borrow_mut()
+                            .unwrap() = Some(relative_pointer_manager_proxy);
                     }
+                    if interface == "zwp_pointer_constraints_v1" {
+                        let pointer_constraints_proxy = registry
+                            .bind(version, id, move |pointer_constraints| {
+                                pointer_constraints.implement_closure(|_, _| (), ())
+                            })
+                            .unwrap();
+
+                        *seat_manager.pointer_constraints_proxy.lock().unwrap() =
+                            Some(pointer_constraints_proxy);
+                    }
+                    if interface == "wl_shm" {
+                        let shm: WlShm = registry
+                            .bind(version, id, move |shm| shm.implement_closure(|_, _| (), ()))
+                            .unwrap();
+
+                        (*shm_cell.borrow_mut()) = Some(shm);
+                    }
+                    if interface == "wl_compositor" {
+                        let compositor: WlCompositor = registry
+                            .bind(version, id, move |compositor| {
+                                compositor.implement_closure(|_, _| (), ())
+                            })
+                            .unwrap();
+                        (*compositor_cell.borrow_mut()) = Some(compositor);
+                    }
+
+                    if compositor_cell.borrow().is_some() && shm_cell.borrow().is_some() {
+                        let compositor = compositor_cell.borrow_mut().take().unwrap();
+                        let shm = shm_cell.borrow_mut().take().unwrap();
+                        let auto_themer = AutoThemer::init(None, compositor, &shm);
+                        cursor_manager_clone
+                            .lock()
+                            .unwrap()
+                            .set_auto_themer(auto_themer);
+                    }
+
                     if interface == "wl_seat" {
                         seat_manager.add_seat(id, version, registry)
                     }
@@ -194,6 +423,7 @@ impl<T: 'static> EventLoop<T> {
             })
             .unwrap();
 
+        let cursor_manager_clone = cursor_manager.clone();
         Ok(EventLoop {
             inner_loop,
             sink,
@@ -202,12 +432,14 @@ impl<T: 'static> EventLoop<T> {
             outputs: env.outputs.clone(),
             _user_source: user_source,
             user_sender,
+            cursor_manager,
             _kbd_source: kbd_source,
             window_target: RootELW {
                 p: crate::platform_impl::EventLoopWindowTarget::Wayland(EventLoopWindowTarget {
                     evq: RefCell::new(source),
                     store,
                     env,
+                    cursor_manager: cursor_manager_clone,
                     cleanup_needed: Arc::new(Mutex::new(false)),
                     seats,
                     display,
@@ -229,7 +461,7 @@ impl<T: 'static> EventLoop<T> {
         F: 'static + FnMut(crate::event::Event<T>, &RootELW<T>, &mut ControlFlow),
     {
         self.run_return(callback);
-        ::std::process::exit(0);
+        std::process::exit(0);
     }
 
     pub fn run_return<F>(&mut self, mut callback: F)
@@ -277,24 +509,34 @@ impl<T: 'static> EventLoop<T> {
                     );
                 }
             }
-            // do a second run of post-dispatch-triggers, to handle user-generated "request-redraw"
-            // in response of resize & friends
-            self.post_dispatch_triggers();
+            // send Events cleared
             {
-                let mut guard = sink.lock().unwrap();
-                guard.empty_with(|evt| {
+                sticky_exit_callback(
+                    crate::event::Event::MainEventsCleared,
+                    &self.window_target,
+                    &mut control_flow,
+                    &mut callback,
+                );
+            }
+
+            // handle request-redraw
+            {
+                self.redraw_triggers(|wid, window_target| {
                     sticky_exit_callback(
-                        evt,
-                        &self.window_target,
+                        crate::event::Event::RedrawRequested(crate::window::WindowId(
+                            crate::platform_impl::WindowId::Wayland(wid),
+                        )),
+                        window_target,
                         &mut control_flow,
                         &mut callback,
                     );
                 });
             }
-            // send Events cleared
+
+            // send RedrawEventsCleared
             {
                 sticky_exit_callback(
-                    crate::event::Event::EventsCleared,
+                    crate::event::Event::RedrawEventsCleared,
                     &self.window_target,
                     &mut control_flow,
                     &mut callback,
@@ -304,6 +546,25 @@ impl<T: 'static> EventLoop<T> {
             // send pending events to the server
             self.display.flush().expect("Wayland connection lost.");
 
+            // During the run of the user callback, some other code monitoring and reading the
+            // wayland socket may have been run (mesa for example does this with vsync), if that
+            // is the case, some events may have been enqueued in our event queue.
+            //
+            // If some messages are there, the event loop needs to behave as if it was instantly
+            // woken up by messages arriving from the wayland socket, to avoid getting stuck.
+            let instant_wakeup = {
+                let window_target = match self.window_target.p {
+                    crate::platform_impl::EventLoopWindowTarget::Wayland(ref wt) => wt,
+                    _ => unreachable!(),
+                };
+                let dispatched = window_target
+                    .evq
+                    .borrow_mut()
+                    .dispatch_pending()
+                    .expect("Wayland connection lost.");
+                dispatched > 0
+            };
+
             match control_flow {
                 ControlFlow::Exit => break,
                 ControlFlow::Poll => {
@@ -318,7 +579,12 @@ impl<T: 'static> EventLoop<T> {
                     );
                 }
                 ControlFlow::Wait => {
-                    self.inner_loop.dispatch(None, &mut ()).unwrap();
+                    let timeout = if instant_wakeup {
+                        Some(::std::time::Duration::from_millis(0))
+                    } else {
+                        None
+                    };
+                    self.inner_loop.dispatch(timeout, &mut ()).unwrap();
                     callback(
                         crate::event::Event::NewEvents(crate::event::StartCause::WaitCancelled {
                             start: Instant::now(),
@@ -331,7 +597,7 @@ impl<T: 'static> EventLoop<T> {
                 ControlFlow::WaitUntil(deadline) => {
                     let start = Instant::now();
                     // compute the blocking duration
-                    let duration = if deadline > start {
+                    let duration = if deadline > start && !instant_wakeup {
                         deadline - start
                     } else {
                         ::std::time::Duration::from_millis(0)
@@ -380,20 +646,47 @@ impl<T: 'static> EventLoop<T> {
         available_monitors(&self.outputs)
     }
 
-    pub fn display(&self) -> &Display {
-        &*self.display
-    }
-
     pub fn window_target(&self) -> &RootELW<T> {
         &self.window_target
     }
 }
 
+impl<T> EventLoopWindowTarget<T> {
+    pub fn display(&self) -> &Display {
+        &*self.display
+    }
+}
+
 /*
  * Private EventLoop Internals
  */
 
 impl<T> EventLoop<T> {
+    fn redraw_triggers<F>(&mut self, mut callback: F)
+    where
+        F: FnMut(WindowId, &RootELW<T>),
+    {
+        let window_target = match self.window_target.p {
+            crate::platform_impl::EventLoopWindowTarget::Wayland(ref wt) => wt,
+            _ => unreachable!(),
+        };
+        window_target.store.lock().unwrap().for_each_redraw_trigger(
+            |refresh, frame_refresh, wid, frame| {
+                if let Some(frame) = frame {
+                    if frame_refresh {
+                        frame.refresh();
+                        if !refresh {
+                            frame.surface().commit()
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+                if refresh {
+                    callback(wid, &self.window_target);
+                }
+            },
+        )
+    }
+
     fn post_dispatch_triggers(&mut self) {
         let mut sink = self.sink.lock().unwrap();
         let window_target = match self.window_target.p {
@@ -412,39 +705,47 @@ impl<T> EventLoop<T> {
             }
         }
         // process pending resize/refresh
-        window_target.store.lock().unwrap().for_each(
-            |newsize, size, new_dpi, refresh, frame_refresh, closed, wid, frame| {
-                if let Some(frame) = frame {
-                    if let Some((w, h)) = newsize {
-                        frame.resize(w, h);
-                        frame.refresh();
+        window_target.store.lock().unwrap().for_each(|window| {
+            if let Some(frame) = window.frame {
+                if let Some(newsize) = window.newsize {
+                    let (w, h) = newsize;
+                    // mutter (GNOME Wayland) relies on `set_geometry` to reposition window in case
+                    // it overlaps mutter's `bounding box`, so we can't avoid this resize call,
+                    // which calls `set_geometry` under the hood, for now.
+                    frame.resize(w, h);
+                    frame.refresh();
+                    // Don't send resize event downstream if the new size is identical to the
+                    // current one.
+                    if newsize != *window.size {
                         let logical_size = crate::dpi::LogicalSize::new(w as f64, h as f64);
                         sink.send_window_event(
                             crate::event::WindowEvent::Resized(logical_size),
-                            wid,
+                            window.wid,
                         );
-                        *size = (w, h);
-                    } else if frame_refresh {
-                        frame.refresh();
-                        if !refresh {
-                            frame.surface().commit()
-                        }
+
+                        *window.size = (w, h);
                     }
                 }
-                if let Some(dpi) = new_dpi {
-                    sink.send_window_event(
-                        crate::event::WindowEvent::HiDpiFactorChanged(dpi as f64),
-                        wid,
-                    );
-                }
-                if refresh {
-                    sink.send_window_event(crate::event::WindowEvent::RedrawRequested, wid);
-                }
-                if closed {
-                    sink.send_window_event(crate::event::WindowEvent::CloseRequested, wid);
-                }
-            },
-        )
+            }
+            if let Some(dpi) = window.new_dpi {
+                sink.send_window_event(
+                    crate::event::WindowEvent::HiDpiFactorChanged(dpi as f64),
+                    window.wid,
+                );
+            }
+            if window.closed {
+                sink.send_window_event(crate::event::WindowEvent::CloseRequested, window.wid);
+            }
+
+            if let Some(grab_cursor) = window.grab_cursor {
+                let surface = if grab_cursor {
+                    Some(window.surface)
+                } else {
+                    None
+                };
+                self.cursor_manager.lock().unwrap().grab_pointer(surface);
+            }
+        })
     }
 }
 
@@ -456,8 +757,10 @@ struct SeatManager<T: 'static> {
     sink: Arc<Mutex<WindowEventsSink<T>>>,
     store: Arc<Mutex<WindowStore>>,
     seats: Arc<Mutex<Vec<(u32, wl_seat::WlSeat)>>>,
-    kbd_sender: ::calloop::channel::Sender<(crate::event::WindowEvent, super::WindowId)>,
-    relative_pointer_manager_proxy: Option<ZwpRelativePointerManagerV1>,
+    kbd_sender: ::calloop::channel::Sender<crate::event::Event<()>>,
+    relative_pointer_manager_proxy: Rc<RefCell<Option<ZwpRelativePointerManagerV1>>>,
+    pointer_constraints_proxy: Arc<Mutex<Option<ZwpPointerConstraintsV1>>>,
+    cursor_manager: Arc<Mutex<CursorManager>>,
 }
 
 impl<T: 'static> SeatManager<T> {
@@ -469,11 +772,12 @@ impl<T: 'static> SeatManager<T> {
             store: self.store.clone(),
             pointer: None,
             relative_pointer: None,
-            relative_pointer_manager_proxy: self.relative_pointer_manager_proxy.as_ref().cloned(),
+            relative_pointer_manager_proxy: self.relative_pointer_manager_proxy.clone(),
             keyboard: None,
             touch: None,
             kbd_sender: self.kbd_sender.clone(),
             modifiers_tracker: Arc::new(Mutex::new(ModifiersState::default())),
+            cursor_manager: self.cursor_manager.clone(),
         };
         let seat = registry
             .bind(min(version, 5), id, move |seat| {
@@ -498,13 +802,14 @@ impl<T: 'static> SeatManager<T> {
 struct SeatData<T> {
     sink: Arc<Mutex<WindowEventsSink<T>>>,
     store: Arc<Mutex<WindowStore>>,
-    kbd_sender: ::calloop::channel::Sender<(crate::event::WindowEvent, super::WindowId)>,
+    kbd_sender: ::calloop::channel::Sender<crate::event::Event<()>>,
     pointer: Option<wl_pointer::WlPointer>,
     relative_pointer: Option<ZwpRelativePointerV1>,
-    relative_pointer_manager_proxy: Option<ZwpRelativePointerManagerV1>,
+    relative_pointer_manager_proxy: Rc<RefCell<Option<ZwpRelativePointerManagerV1>>>,
     keyboard: Option<wl_keyboard::WlKeyboard>,
     touch: Option<wl_touch::WlTouch>,
     modifiers_tracker: Arc<Mutex<ModifiersState>>,
+    cursor_manager: Arc<Mutex<CursorManager>>,
 }
 
 impl<T: 'static> SeatData<T> {
@@ -519,19 +824,27 @@ impl<T: 'static> SeatData<T> {
                         self.sink.clone(),
                         self.store.clone(),
                         self.modifiers_tracker.clone(),
+                        self.cursor_manager.clone(),
                     ));
 
-                    self.relative_pointer =
-                        self.relative_pointer_manager_proxy
-                            .as_ref()
-                            .and_then(|manager| {
-                                super::pointer::implement_relative_pointer(
-                                    self.sink.clone(),
-                                    self.pointer.as_ref().unwrap(),
-                                    manager,
-                                )
-                                .ok()
-                            })
+                    self.cursor_manager
+                        .lock()
+                        .unwrap()
+                        .register_pointer(self.pointer.as_ref().unwrap().clone());
+
+                    self.relative_pointer = self
+                        .relative_pointer_manager_proxy
+                        .try_borrow()
+                        .unwrap()
+                        .as_ref()
+                        .and_then(|manager| {
+                            super::pointer::implement_relative_pointer(
+                                self.sink.clone(),
+                                self.pointer.as_ref().unwrap(),
+                                manager,
+                            )
+                            .ok()
+                        })
                 }
                 // destroy pointer if applicable
                 if !capabilities.contains(wl_seat::Capability::Pointer) {
@@ -603,17 +916,67 @@ impl<T> Drop for SeatData<T> {
  * Monitor stuff
  */
 
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
+pub struct VideoMode {
+    pub(crate) size: (u32, u32),
+    pub(crate) bit_depth: u16,
+    pub(crate) refresh_rate: u16,
+    pub(crate) monitor: MonitorHandle,
+}
+
+impl VideoMode {
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn size(&self) -> PhysicalSize {
+        self.size.into()
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn bit_depth(&self) -> u16 {
+        self.bit_depth
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn refresh_rate(&self) -> u16 {
+        self.refresh_rate
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn monitor(&self) -> RootMonitorHandle {
+        RootMonitorHandle {
+            inner: PlatformMonitorHandle::Wayland(self.monitor.clone()),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Clone)]
 pub struct MonitorHandle {
     pub(crate) proxy: wl_output::WlOutput,
     pub(crate) mgr: OutputMgr,
 }
 
-impl Clone for MonitorHandle {
-    fn clone(&self) -> MonitorHandle {
-        MonitorHandle {
-            proxy: self.proxy.clone(),
-            mgr: self.mgr.clone(),
-        }
+impl PartialEq for MonitorHandle {
+    fn eq(&self, other: &Self) -> bool {
+        self.native_identifier() == other.native_identifier()
+    }
+}
+
+impl Eq for MonitorHandle {}
+
+impl PartialOrd for MonitorHandle {
+    fn partial_cmp(&self, other: &Self) -> Option<std::cmp::Ordering> {
+        Some(self.cmp(&other))
+    }
+}
+
+impl Ord for MonitorHandle {
+    fn cmp(&self, other: &Self) -> std::cmp::Ordering {
+        self.native_identifier().cmp(&other.native_identifier())
+    }
+}
+
+impl std::hash::Hash for MonitorHandle {
+    fn hash<H: std::hash::Hasher>(&self, state: &mut H) {
+        self.native_identifier().hash(state);
     }
 }
 
@@ -680,15 +1043,20 @@ impl MonitorHandle {
     }
 
     #[inline]
-    pub fn video_modes(&self) -> impl Iterator<Item = VideoMode> {
+    pub fn video_modes(&self) -> impl Iterator<Item = RootVideoMode> {
+        let monitor = self.clone();
+
         self.mgr
             .with_info(&self.proxy, |_, info| info.modes.clone())
             .unwrap_or(vec![])
             .into_iter()
-            .map(|x| VideoMode {
-                size: (x.dimensions.0 as u32, x.dimensions.1 as u32),
-                refresh_rate: (x.refresh_rate as f32 / 1000.0).round() as u16,
-                bit_depth: 32,
+            .map(move |x| RootVideoMode {
+                video_mode: PlatformVideoMode::Wayland(VideoMode {
+                    size: (x.dimensions.0 as u32, x.dimensions.1 as u32),
+                    refresh_rate: (x.refresh_rate as f32 / 1000.0).round() as u16,
+                    bit_depth: 32,
+                    monitor: monitor.clone(),
+                }),
             })
     }
 }

src/platform_impl/linux/wayland/keyboard.rs

@@ -8,11 +8,13 @@ use smithay_client_toolkit::{
     reexports::client::protocol::{wl_keyboard, wl_seat},
 };
 
-use crate::event::{ElementState, KeyboardInput, ModifiersState, VirtualKeyCode, WindowEvent};
+use crate::event::{
+    DeviceEvent, ElementState, Event, KeyboardInput, ModifiersState, VirtualKeyCode, WindowEvent,
+};
 
 pub fn init_keyboard(
     seat: &wl_seat::WlSeat,
-    sink: ::calloop::channel::Sender<(crate::event::WindowEvent, super::WindowId)>,
+    sink: ::calloop::channel::Sender<crate::event::Event<()>>,
     modifiers_tracker: Arc<Mutex<ModifiersState>>,
 ) -> wl_keyboard::WlKeyboard {
     // { variables to be captured by the closures
@@ -29,12 +31,22 @@ pub fn init_keyboard(
             match evt {
                 KbEvent::Enter { surface, .. } => {
                     let wid = make_wid(&surface);
-                    my_sink.send((WindowEvent::Focused(true), wid)).unwrap();
+                    my_sink
+                        .send(Event::WindowEvent {
+                            window_id: mk_root_wid(wid),
+                            event: WindowEvent::Focused(true),
+                        })
+                        .unwrap();
                     *target.lock().unwrap() = Some(wid);
                 }
                 KbEvent::Leave { surface, .. } => {
                     let wid = make_wid(&surface);
-                    my_sink.send((WindowEvent::Focused(false), wid)).unwrap();
+                    my_sink
+                        .send(Event::WindowEvent {
+                            window_id: mk_root_wid(wid),
+                            event: WindowEvent::Focused(false),
+                        })
+                        .unwrap();
                     *target.lock().unwrap() = None;
                 }
                 KbEvent::Key {
@@ -52,20 +64,19 @@ pub fn init_keyboard(
                         };
                         let vkcode = key_to_vkey(rawkey, keysym);
                         my_sink
-                            .send((
-                                WindowEvent::KeyboardInput {
-                                    device_id: crate::event::DeviceId(
-                                        crate::platform_impl::DeviceId::Wayland(DeviceId),
-                                    ),
+                            .send(Event::WindowEvent {
+                                window_id: mk_root_wid(wid),
+                                event: WindowEvent::KeyboardInput {
+                                    device_id: device_id(),
                                     input: KeyboardInput {
                                         state,
                                         scancode: rawkey,
                                         virtual_keycode: vkcode,
                                         modifiers: modifiers_tracker.lock().unwrap().clone(),
                                     },
+                                    is_synthetic: false,
                                 },
-                                wid,
-                            ))
+                            })
                             .unwrap();
                         // send char event only on key press, not release
                         if let ElementState::Released = state {
@@ -74,7 +85,10 @@ pub fn init_keyboard(
                         if let Some(txt) = utf8 {
                             for chr in txt.chars() {
                                 my_sink
-                                    .send((WindowEvent::ReceivedCharacter(chr), wid))
+                                    .send(Event::WindowEvent {
+                                        window_id: mk_root_wid(wid),
+                                        event: WindowEvent::ReceivedCharacter(chr),
+                                    })
                                     .unwrap();
                             }
                         }
@@ -83,7 +97,18 @@ pub fn init_keyboard(
                 KbEvent::RepeatInfo { .. } => { /* Handled by smithay client toolkit */ }
                 KbEvent::Modifiers {
                     modifiers: event_modifiers,
-                } => *modifiers_tracker.lock().unwrap() = event_modifiers.into(),
+                } => {
+                    let modifiers = ModifiersState::from_wayland(event_modifiers);
+
+                    *modifiers_tracker.lock().unwrap() = modifiers;
+
+                    my_sink
+                        .send(Event::DeviceEvent {
+                            device_id: device_id(),
+                            event: DeviceEvent::ModifiersChanged(modifiers),
+                        })
+                        .unwrap();
+                }
             }
         },
         move |repeat_event: KeyRepeatEvent, _| {
@@ -91,25 +116,27 @@ pub fn init_keyboard(
                 let state = ElementState::Pressed;
                 let vkcode = key_to_vkey(repeat_event.rawkey, repeat_event.keysym);
                 repeat_sink
-                    .send((
-                        WindowEvent::KeyboardInput {
-                            device_id: crate::event::DeviceId(
-                                crate::platform_impl::DeviceId::Wayland(DeviceId),
-                            ),
+                    .send(Event::WindowEvent {
+                        window_id: mk_root_wid(wid),
+                        event: WindowEvent::KeyboardInput {
+                            device_id: device_id(),
                             input: KeyboardInput {
                                 state,
                                 scancode: repeat_event.rawkey,
                                 virtual_keycode: vkcode,
                                 modifiers: my_modifiers.lock().unwrap().clone(),
                             },
+                            is_synthetic: false,
                         },
-                        wid,
-                    ))
+                    })
                     .unwrap();
                 if let Some(txt) = repeat_event.utf8 {
                     for chr in txt.chars() {
                         repeat_sink
-                            .send((WindowEvent::ReceivedCharacter(chr), wid))
+                            .send(Event::WindowEvent {
+                                window_id: mk_root_wid(wid),
+                                event: WindowEvent::ReceivedCharacter(chr),
+                            })
                             .unwrap();
                     }
                 }
@@ -137,12 +164,22 @@ pub fn init_keyboard(
                     move |evt, _| match evt {
                         wl_keyboard::Event::Enter { surface, .. } => {
                             let wid = make_wid(&surface);
-                            my_sink.send((WindowEvent::Focused(true), wid)).unwrap();
+                            my_sink
+                                .send(Event::WindowEvent {
+                                    window_id: mk_root_wid(wid),
+                                    event: WindowEvent::Focused(true),
+                                })
+                                .unwrap();
                             target = Some(wid);
                         }
                         wl_keyboard::Event::Leave { surface, .. } => {
                             let wid = make_wid(&surface);
-                            my_sink.send((WindowEvent::Focused(false), wid)).unwrap();
+                            my_sink
+                                .send(Event::WindowEvent {
+                                    window_id: mk_root_wid(wid),
+                                    event: WindowEvent::Focused(false),
+                                })
+                                .unwrap();
                             target = None;
                         }
                         wl_keyboard::Event::Key { key, state, .. } => {
@@ -153,20 +190,19 @@ pub fn init_keyboard(
                                     _ => unreachable!(),
                                 };
                                 my_sink
-                                    .send((
-                                        WindowEvent::KeyboardInput {
-                                            device_id: crate::event::DeviceId(
-                                                crate::platform_impl::DeviceId::Wayland(DeviceId),
-                                            ),
+                                    .send(Event::WindowEvent {
+                                        window_id: mk_root_wid(wid),
+                                        event: WindowEvent::KeyboardInput {
+                                            device_id: device_id(),
                                             input: KeyboardInput {
                                                 state,
                                                 scancode: key,
                                                 virtual_keycode: None,
                                                 modifiers: ModifiersState::default(),
                                             },
+                                            is_synthetic: false,
                                         },
-                                        wid,
-                                    ))
+                                    })
                                     .unwrap();
                             }
                         }
@@ -366,13 +402,21 @@ fn keysym_to_vkey(keysym: u32) -> Option<VirtualKeyCode> {
     }
 }
 
-impl From<keyboard::ModifiersState> for ModifiersState {
-    fn from(mods: keyboard::ModifiersState) -> ModifiersState {
-        ModifiersState {
-            shift: mods.shift,
-            ctrl: mods.ctrl,
-            alt: mods.alt,
-            logo: mods.logo,
-        }
+impl ModifiersState {
+    pub(crate) fn from_wayland(mods: keyboard::ModifiersState) -> ModifiersState {
+        let mut m = ModifiersState::empty();
+        m.set(ModifiersState::SHIFT, mods.shift);
+        m.set(ModifiersState::CTRL, mods.ctrl);
+        m.set(ModifiersState::ALT, mods.alt);
+        m.set(ModifiersState::LOGO, mods.logo);
+        m
     }
 }
+
+fn device_id() -> crate::event::DeviceId {
+    crate::event::DeviceId(crate::platform_impl::DeviceId::Wayland(DeviceId))
+}
+
+fn mk_root_wid(wid: crate::platform_impl::wayland::WindowId) -> crate::window::WindowId {
+    crate::window::WindowId(crate::platform_impl::WindowId::Wayland(wid))
+}

src/platform_impl/linux/wayland/mod.rs

@@ -3,7 +3,8 @@
 
 pub use self::{
     event_loop::{
-        EventLoop, EventLoopProxy, EventLoopWindowTarget, MonitorHandle, WindowEventsSink,
+        EventLoop, EventLoopProxy, EventLoopWindowTarget, MonitorHandle, VideoMode,
+        WindowEventsSink,
     },
     window::Window,
 };

src/platform_impl/linux/wayland/pointer.rs

@@ -5,7 +5,11 @@ use crate::event::{
     WindowEvent,
 };
 
-use super::{event_loop::WindowEventsSink, window::WindowStore, DeviceId};
+use super::{
+    event_loop::{CursorManager, WindowEventsSink},
+    window::WindowStore,
+    DeviceId,
+};
 
 use smithay_client_toolkit::reexports::client::protocol::{
     wl_pointer::{self, Event as PtrEvent, WlPointer},
@@ -17,11 +21,19 @@ use smithay_client_toolkit::reexports::protocols::unstable::relative_pointer::v1
     zwp_relative_pointer_v1::ZwpRelativePointerV1,
 };
 
+use smithay_client_toolkit::reexports::protocols::unstable::pointer_constraints::v1::client::{
+    zwp_locked_pointer_v1::ZwpLockedPointerV1, zwp_pointer_constraints_v1::Lifetime,
+    zwp_pointer_constraints_v1::ZwpPointerConstraintsV1,
+};
+
+use smithay_client_toolkit::reexports::client::protocol::wl_surface::WlSurface;
+
 pub fn implement_pointer<T: 'static>(
     seat: &wl_seat::WlSeat,
     sink: Arc<Mutex<WindowEventsSink<T>>>,
     store: Arc<Mutex<WindowStore>>,
     modifiers_tracker: Arc<Mutex<ModifiersState>>,
+    cursor_manager: Arc<Mutex<CursorManager>>,
 ) -> WlPointer {
     seat.get_pointer(|pointer| {
         let mut mouse_focus = None;
@@ -33,6 +45,7 @@ pub fn implement_pointer<T: 'static>(
             move |evt, pointer| {
                 let mut sink = sink.lock().unwrap();
                 let store = store.lock().unwrap();
+                let mut cursor_manager = cursor_manager.lock().unwrap();
                 match evt {
                     PtrEvent::Enter {
                         surface,
@@ -43,6 +56,13 @@ pub fn implement_pointer<T: 'static>(
                         let wid = store.find_wid(&surface);
                         if let Some(wid) = wid {
                             mouse_focus = Some(wid);
+
+                            // Reload cursor style only when we enter winit's surface. Calling
+                            // this function every time on `PtrEvent::Enter` could interfere with
+                            // SCTK CSD handling, since it changes cursor icons when you hover
+                            // cursor over the window borders.
+                            cursor_manager.reload_cursor_style();
+
                             sink.send_window_event(
                                 WindowEvent::CursorEntered {
                                     device_id: crate::event::DeviceId(
@@ -241,3 +261,13 @@ pub fn implement_relative_pointer<T: 'static>(
         )
     })
 }
+
+pub fn implement_locked_pointer(
+    surface: &WlSurface,
+    pointer: &WlPointer,
+    constraints: &ZwpPointerConstraintsV1,
+) -> Result<ZwpLockedPointerV1, ()> {
+    constraints.lock_pointer(surface, pointer, None, Lifetime::Persistent.to_raw(), |c| {
+        c.implement_closure(|_, _| (), ())
+    })
+}

src/platform_impl/linux/wayland/touch.rs

@@ -39,6 +39,7 @@ pub(crate) fn implement_touch<T: 'static>(
                                     ),
                                     phase: TouchPhase::Started,
                                     location: (x, y).into(),
+                                    force: None, // TODO
                                     id: id as u64,
                                 }),
                                 wid,
@@ -61,6 +62,7 @@ pub(crate) fn implement_touch<T: 'static>(
                                     ),
                                     phase: TouchPhase::Ended,
                                     location: pt.location.into(),
+                                    force: None, // TODO
                                     id: id as u64,
                                 }),
                                 pt.wid,
@@ -78,6 +80,7 @@ pub(crate) fn implement_touch<T: 'static>(
                                     ),
                                     phase: TouchPhase::Moved,
                                     location: (x, y).into(),
+                                    force: None, // TODO
                                     id: id as u64,
                                 }),
                                 pt.wid,
@@ -94,6 +97,7 @@ pub(crate) fn implement_touch<T: 'static>(
                                     ),
                                     phase: TouchPhase::Cancelled,
                                     location: pt.location.into(),
+                                    force: None, // TODO
                                     id: pt.id as u64,
                                 }),
                                 pt.wid,

src/platform_impl/linux/wayland/window.rs

@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
+use raw_window_handle::unix::WaylandHandle;
 use std::{
     collections::VecDeque,
+    mem::replace,
     sync::{Arc, Mutex, Weak},
 };
 
@@ -8,10 +10,11 @@ use crate::{
     error::{ExternalError, NotSupportedError, OsError as RootOsError},
     monitor::MonitorHandle as RootMonitorHandle,
     platform_impl::{
+        platform::wayland::event_loop::{available_monitors, primary_monitor},
         MonitorHandle as PlatformMonitorHandle,
         PlatformSpecificWindowBuilderAttributes as PlAttributes,
     },
-    window::{CursorIcon, WindowAttributes},
+    window::{CursorIcon, Fullscreen, WindowAttributes},
 };
 
 use smithay_client_toolkit::{
@@ -24,12 +27,12 @@ use smithay_client_toolkit::{
     window::{ConceptFrame, Event as WEvent, State as WState, Theme, Window as SWindow},
 };
 
-use super::{make_wid, EventLoopWindowTarget, MonitorHandle, WindowId};
-use crate::platform_impl::platform::wayland::event_loop::{available_monitors, primary_monitor};
+use super::{event_loop::CursorManager, make_wid, EventLoopWindowTarget, MonitorHandle, WindowId};
 
 pub struct Window {
     surface: wl_surface::WlSurface,
     frame: Arc<Mutex<SWindow<ConceptFrame>>>,
+    cursor_manager: Arc<Mutex<CursorManager>>,
     outputs: OutputMgr, // Access to info for all monitors
     size: Arc<Mutex<(u32, u32)>>,
     kill_switch: (Arc<Mutex<bool>>, Arc<Mutex<bool>>),
@@ -37,6 +40,7 @@ pub struct Window {
     need_frame_refresh: Arc<Mutex<bool>>,
     need_refresh: Arc<Mutex<bool>>,
     fullscreen: Arc<Mutex<bool>>,
+    cursor_grab_changed: Arc<Mutex<Option<bool>>>, // Update grab state
 }
 
 impl Window {
@@ -51,6 +55,7 @@ impl Window {
         let fullscreen = Arc::new(Mutex::new(false));
 
         let window_store = evlp.store.clone();
+        let cursor_manager = evlp.cursor_manager.clone();
         let surface = evlp.env.create_surface(move |dpi, surface| {
             window_store.lock().unwrap().dpi_change(&surface, dpi);
             surface.set_buffer_scale(dpi);
@@ -108,13 +113,19 @@ impl Window {
         }
 
         // Check for fullscreen requirements
-        if let Some(RootMonitorHandle {
-            inner: PlatformMonitorHandle::Wayland(ref monitor_id),
-        }) = attributes.fullscreen
-        {
-            frame.set_fullscreen(Some(&monitor_id.proxy));
-        } else if attributes.maximized {
-            frame.set_maximized();
+        match attributes.fullscreen {
+            Some(Fullscreen::Exclusive(_)) => {
+                panic!("Wayland doesn't support exclusive fullscreen")
+            }
+            Some(Fullscreen::Borderless(RootMonitorHandle {
+                inner: PlatformMonitorHandle::Wayland(ref monitor_id),
+            })) => frame.set_fullscreen(Some(&monitor_id.proxy)),
+            Some(Fullscreen::Borderless(_)) => unreachable!(),
+            None => {
+                if attributes.maximized {
+                    frame.set_maximized();
+                }
+            }
         }
 
         frame.set_resizable(attributes.resizable);
@@ -133,6 +144,7 @@ impl Window {
         let need_frame_refresh = Arc::new(Mutex::new(true));
         let frame = Arc::new(Mutex::new(frame));
         let need_refresh = Arc::new(Mutex::new(true));
+        let cursor_grab_changed = Arc::new(Mutex::new(None));
 
         evlp.store.lock().unwrap().windows.push(InternalWindow {
             closed: false,
@@ -140,6 +152,7 @@ impl Window {
             size: size.clone(),
             need_refresh: need_refresh.clone(),
             fullscreen: fullscreen.clone(),
+            cursor_grab_changed: cursor_grab_changed.clone(),
             need_frame_refresh: need_frame_refresh.clone(),
             surface: surface.clone(),
             kill_switch: kill_switch.clone(),
@@ -158,7 +171,9 @@ impl Window {
             kill_switch: (kill_switch, evlp.cleanup_needed.clone()),
             need_frame_refresh,
             need_refresh,
+            cursor_manager,
             fullscreen,
+            cursor_grab_changed,
         })
     }
 
@@ -244,6 +259,13 @@ impl Window {
         *(self.need_frame_refresh.lock().unwrap()) = true;
     }
 
+    pub fn set_minimized(&self, minimized: bool) {
+        // An app cannot un-minimize itself on Wayland
+        if minimized {
+            self.frame.lock().unwrap().set_minimized();
+        }
+    }
+
     pub fn set_maximized(&self, maximized: bool) {
         if maximized {
             self.frame.lock().unwrap().set_maximized();
@@ -252,25 +274,31 @@ impl Window {
         }
     }
 
-    pub fn fullscreen(&self) -> Option<MonitorHandle> {
+    pub fn fullscreen(&self) -> Option<Fullscreen> {
         if *(self.fullscreen.lock().unwrap()) {
-            Some(self.current_monitor())
+            Some(Fullscreen::Borderless(RootMonitorHandle {
+                inner: PlatformMonitorHandle::Wayland(self.current_monitor()),
+            }))
         } else {
             None
         }
     }
 
-    pub fn set_fullscreen(&self, monitor: Option<RootMonitorHandle>) {
-        if let Some(RootMonitorHandle {
-            inner: PlatformMonitorHandle::Wayland(ref monitor_id),
-        }) = monitor
-        {
-            self.frame
-                .lock()
-                .unwrap()
-                .set_fullscreen(Some(&monitor_id.proxy));
-        } else {
-            self.frame.lock().unwrap().unset_fullscreen();
+    pub fn set_fullscreen(&self, fullscreen: Option<Fullscreen>) {
+        match fullscreen {
+            Some(Fullscreen::Exclusive(_)) => {
+                panic!("Wayland doesn't support exclusive fullscreen")
+            }
+            Some(Fullscreen::Borderless(RootMonitorHandle {
+                inner: PlatformMonitorHandle::Wayland(ref monitor_id),
+            })) => {
+                self.frame
+                    .lock()
+                    .unwrap()
+                    .set_fullscreen(Some(&monitor_id.proxy));
+            }
+            Some(Fullscreen::Borderless(_)) => unreachable!(),
+            None => self.frame.lock().unwrap().unset_fullscreen(),
         }
     }
 
@@ -279,18 +307,21 @@ impl Window {
     }
 
     #[inline]
-    pub fn set_cursor_icon(&self, _cursor: CursorIcon) {
-        // TODO
+    pub fn set_cursor_icon(&self, cursor: CursorIcon) {
+        let mut cursor_manager = self.cursor_manager.lock().unwrap();
+        cursor_manager.set_cursor_icon(cursor);
     }
 
     #[inline]
-    pub fn set_cursor_visible(&self, _visible: bool) {
-        // TODO: This isn't possible on Wayland yet
+    pub fn set_cursor_visible(&self, visible: bool) {
+        let mut cursor_manager = self.cursor_manager.lock().unwrap();
+        cursor_manager.set_cursor_visible(visible);
     }
 
     #[inline]
-    pub fn set_cursor_grab(&self, _grab: bool) -> Result<(), ExternalError> {
-        Err(ExternalError::NotSupported(NotSupportedError::new()))
+    pub fn set_cursor_grab(&self, grab: bool) -> Result<(), ExternalError> {
+        *self.cursor_grab_changed.lock().unwrap() = Some(grab);
+        Ok(())
     }
 
     #[inline]
@@ -321,6 +352,14 @@ impl Window {
     pub fn primary_monitor(&self) -> MonitorHandle {
         primary_monitor(&self.outputs)
     }
+
+    pub fn raw_window_handle(&self) -> WaylandHandle {
+        WaylandHandle {
+            surface: self.surface().as_ref().c_ptr() as *mut _,
+            display: self.display().as_ref().c_ptr() as *mut _,
+            ..WaylandHandle::empty()
+        }
+    }
 }
 
 impl Drop for Window {
@@ -341,6 +380,7 @@ struct InternalWindow {
     need_refresh: Arc<Mutex<bool>>,
     fullscreen: Arc<Mutex<bool>>,
     need_frame_refresh: Arc<Mutex<bool>>,
+    cursor_grab_changed: Arc<Mutex<Option<bool>>>,
     closed: bool,
     kill_switch: Arc<Mutex<bool>>,
     frame: Weak<Mutex<SWindow<ConceptFrame>>>,
@@ -352,6 +392,17 @@ pub struct WindowStore {
     windows: Vec<InternalWindow>,
 }
 
+pub struct WindowStoreForEach<'a> {
+    pub newsize: Option<(u32, u32)>,
+    pub size: &'a mut (u32, u32),
+    pub new_dpi: Option<i32>,
+    pub closed: bool,
+    pub grab_cursor: Option<bool>,
+    pub surface: &'a wl_surface::WlSurface,
+    pub wid: WindowId,
+    pub frame: Option<&'a mut SWindow<ConceptFrame>>,
+}
+
 impl WindowStore {
     pub fn new() -> WindowStore {
         WindowStore {
@@ -401,30 +452,21 @@ impl WindowStore {
 
     pub fn for_each<F>(&mut self, mut f: F)
     where
-        F: FnMut(
-            Option<(u32, u32)>,
-            &mut (u32, u32),
-            Option<i32>,
-            bool,
-            bool,
-            bool,
-            WindowId,
-            Option<&mut SWindow<ConceptFrame>>,
-        ),
+        F: FnMut(WindowStoreForEach<'_>),
     {
         for window in &mut self.windows {
             let opt_arc = window.frame.upgrade();
             let mut opt_mutex_lock = opt_arc.as_ref().map(|m| m.lock().unwrap());
-            f(
-                window.newsize.take(),
-                &mut *(window.size.lock().unwrap()),
-                window.new_dpi,
-                ::std::mem::replace(&mut *window.need_refresh.lock().unwrap(), false),
-                ::std::mem::replace(&mut *window.need_frame_refresh.lock().unwrap(), false),
-                window.closed,
-                make_wid(&window.surface),
-                opt_mutex_lock.as_mut().map(|m| &mut **m),
-            );
+            f(WindowStoreForEach {
+                newsize: window.newsize.take(),
+                size: &mut *(window.size.lock().unwrap()),
+                new_dpi: window.new_dpi,
+                closed: window.closed,
+                grab_cursor: window.cursor_grab_changed.lock().unwrap().take(),
+                surface: &window.surface,
+                wid: make_wid(&window.surface),
+                frame: opt_mutex_lock.as_mut().map(|m| &mut **m),
+            });
             if let Some(dpi) = window.new_dpi.take() {
                 window.current_dpi = dpi;
             }
@@ -432,4 +474,20 @@ impl WindowStore {
             window.closed = false;
         }
     }
+
+    pub fn for_each_redraw_trigger<F>(&mut self, mut f: F)
+    where
+        F: FnMut(bool, bool, WindowId, Option<&mut SWindow<ConceptFrame>>),
+    {
+        for window in &mut self.windows {
+            let opt_arc = window.frame.upgrade();
+            let mut opt_mutex_lock = opt_arc.as_ref().map(|m| m.lock().unwrap());
+            f(
+                replace(&mut *window.need_refresh.lock().unwrap(), false),
+                replace(&mut *window.need_frame_refresh.lock().unwrap(), false),
+                make_wid(&window.surface),
+                opt_mutex_lock.as_mut().map(|m| &mut **m),
+            );
+        }
+    }
 }

src/platform_impl/linux/x11/event_processor.rs

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-use std::{cell::RefCell, collections::HashMap, ptr, rc::Rc, slice};
+use std::{cell::RefCell, collections::HashMap, rc::Rc, slice};
 
 use libc::{c_char, c_int, c_long, c_uint, c_ulong};
 
@@ -8,9 +8,13 @@ use super::{
     XExtension,
 };
 
+use util::modifiers::{ModifierKeyState, ModifierKeymap};
+
 use crate::{
     dpi::{LogicalPosition, LogicalSize},
-    event::{DeviceEvent, Event, KeyboardInput, ModifiersState, WindowEvent},
+    event::{
+        DeviceEvent, ElementState, Event, KeyboardInput, ModifiersState, TouchPhase, WindowEvent,
+    },
     event_loop::EventLoopWindowTarget as RootELW,
 };
 
@@ -21,6 +25,11 @@ pub(super) struct EventProcessor<T: 'static> {
     pub(super) devices: RefCell<HashMap<DeviceId, Device>>,
     pub(super) xi2ext: XExtension,
     pub(super) target: Rc<RootELW<T>>,
+    pub(super) mod_keymap: ModifierKeymap,
+    pub(super) device_mod_state: ModifierKeyState,
+    // Number of touch events currently in progress
+    pub(super) num_touch: u32,
+    pub(super) first_touch: Option<u64>,
 }
 
 impl<T: 'static> EventProcessor<T> {
@@ -62,6 +71,13 @@ impl<T: 'static> EventProcessor<T> {
         self.with_window(window_id, |_| ()).is_some()
     }
 
+    pub(super) fn poll(&self) -> bool {
+        let wt = get_xtarget(&self.target);
+        let result = unsafe { (wt.xconn.xlib.XPending)(wt.xconn.display) };
+
+        result != 0
+    }
+
     pub(super) unsafe fn poll_one_event(&mut self, event_ptr: *mut ffi::XEvent) -> bool {
         let wt = get_xtarget(&self.target);
         // This function is used to poll and remove a single event
@@ -109,15 +125,44 @@ impl<T: 'static> EventProcessor<T> {
             return;
         }
 
+        // We can't call a `&mut self` method because of the above borrow,
+        // so we use this macro for repeated modifier state updates.
+        macro_rules! update_modifiers {
+            ( $state:expr , $modifier:expr ) => {{
+                match ($state, $modifier) {
+                    (state, modifier) => {
+                        if let Some(modifiers) =
+                            self.device_mod_state.update_state(&state, modifier)
+                        {
+                            let device_id = mkdid(util::VIRTUAL_CORE_KEYBOARD);
+                            callback(Event::DeviceEvent {
+                                device_id,
+                                event: DeviceEvent::ModifiersChanged(modifiers),
+                            });
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }};
+        }
+
         let event_type = xev.get_type();
         match event_type {
             ffi::MappingNotify => {
-                unsafe {
-                    (wt.xconn.xlib.XRefreshKeyboardMapping)(xev.as_mut());
+                let mapping: &ffi::XMappingEvent = xev.as_ref();
+
+                if mapping.request == ffi::MappingModifier
+                    || mapping.request == ffi::MappingKeyboard
+                {
+                    unsafe {
+                        (wt.xconn.xlib.XRefreshKeyboardMapping)(xev.as_mut());
+                    }
+                    wt.xconn
+                        .check_errors()
+                        .expect("Failed to call XRefreshKeyboardMapping");
+
+                    self.mod_keymap.reset_from_x_connection(&wt.xconn);
+                    self.device_mod_state.update_keymap(&self.mod_keymap);
                 }
-                wt.xconn
-                    .check_errors()
-                    .expect("Failed to call XRefreshKeyboardMapping");
             }
 
             ffi::ClientMessage => {
@@ -362,20 +407,20 @@ impl<T: 'static> EventProcessor<T> {
                         let (width, height) = shared_state_lock
                             .dpi_adjusted
                             .unwrap_or_else(|| (xev.width as f64, xev.height as f64));
-                        let last_hidpi_factor =
-                            shared_state_lock.guessed_dpi.take().unwrap_or_else(|| {
-                                shared_state_lock
-                                    .last_monitor
-                                    .as_ref()
-                                    .map(|last_monitor| last_monitor.hidpi_factor)
-                                    .unwrap_or(1.0)
-                            });
+
+                        let last_hidpi_factor = shared_state_lock.last_monitor.hidpi_factor;
                         let new_hidpi_factor = {
                             let window_rect = util::AaRect::new(new_outer_position, new_inner_size);
-                            monitor = wt.xconn.get_monitor_for_window(Some(window_rect));
-                            let new_hidpi_factor = monitor.hidpi_factor;
-                            shared_state_lock.last_monitor = Some(monitor.clone());
-                            new_hidpi_factor
+                            let new_monitor = wt.xconn.get_monitor_for_window(Some(window_rect));
+
+                            if new_monitor.is_dummy() {
+                                // Avoid updating monitor using a dummy monitor handle
+                                last_hidpi_factor
+                            } else {
+                                monitor = new_monitor;
+                                shared_state_lock.last_monitor = monitor.clone();
+                                monitor.hidpi_factor
+                            }
                         };
                         if last_hidpi_factor != new_hidpi_factor {
                             events.dpi_changed =
@@ -479,16 +524,24 @@ impl<T: 'static> EventProcessor<T> {
                 });
             }
 
+            ffi::VisibilityNotify => {
+                let xev: &ffi::XVisibilityEvent = xev.as_ref();
+                let xwindow = xev.window;
+
+                self.with_window(xwindow, |window| window.visibility_notify());
+            }
+
             ffi::Expose => {
                 let xev: &ffi::XExposeEvent = xev.as_ref();
 
-                let window = xev.window;
-                let window_id = mkwid(window);
+                // Multiple Expose events may be received for subareas of a window.
+                // We issue `RedrawRequested` only for the last event of such a series.
+                if xev.count == 0 {
+                    let window = xev.window;
+                    let window_id = mkwid(window);
 
-                callback(Event::WindowEvent {
-                    window_id,
-                    event: WindowEvent::RedrawRequested,
-                });
+                    callback(Event::RedrawRequested(window_id));
+                }
             }
 
             ffi::KeyPress | ffi::KeyRelease => {
@@ -510,41 +563,33 @@ impl<T: 'static> EventProcessor<T> {
                 // value, though this should only be an issue under multiseat configurations.
                 let device = util::VIRTUAL_CORE_KEYBOARD;
                 let device_id = mkdid(device);
+                let keycode = xkev.keycode;
 
                 // When a compose sequence or IME pre-edit is finished, it ends in a KeyPress with
                 // a keycode of 0.
-                if xkev.keycode != 0 {
-                    let modifiers = ModifiersState {
-                        alt: xkev.state & ffi::Mod1Mask != 0,
-                        shift: xkev.state & ffi::ShiftMask != 0,
-                        ctrl: xkev.state & ffi::ControlMask != 0,
-                        logo: xkev.state & ffi::Mod4Mask != 0,
-                    };
-
-                    let keysym = unsafe {
-                        let mut keysym = 0;
-                        (wt.xconn.xlib.XLookupString)(
-                            xkev,
-                            ptr::null_mut(),
-                            0,
-                            &mut keysym,
-                            ptr::null_mut(),
-                        );
-                        wt.xconn.check_errors().expect("Failed to lookup keysym");
-                        keysym
-                    };
+                if keycode != 0 {
+                    let scancode = keycode - 8;
+                    let keysym = wt.xconn.lookup_keysym(xkev);
                     let virtual_keycode = events::keysym_to_element(keysym as c_uint);
 
+                    update_modifiers!(
+                        ModifiersState::from_x11_mask(xkev.state),
+                        self.mod_keymap.get_modifier(xkev.keycode as ffi::KeyCode)
+                    );
+
+                    let modifiers = self.device_mod_state.modifiers();
+
                     callback(Event::WindowEvent {
                         window_id,
                         event: WindowEvent::KeyboardInput {
                             device_id,
                             input: KeyboardInput {
                                 state,
-                                scancode: xkev.keycode - 8,
+                                scancode,
                                 virtual_keycode,
                                 modifiers,
                             },
+                            is_synthetic: false,
                         },
                     });
                 }
@@ -581,7 +626,7 @@ impl<T: 'static> EventProcessor<T> {
                     ElementState::{Pressed, Released},
                     MouseButton::{Left, Middle, Other, Right},
                     MouseScrollDelta::LineDelta,
-                    Touch, TouchPhase,
+                    Touch,
                     WindowEvent::{
                         AxisMotion, CursorEntered, CursorLeft, CursorMoved, Focused, MouseInput,
                         MouseWheel,
@@ -598,7 +643,8 @@ impl<T: 'static> EventProcessor<T> {
                             return;
                         }
 
-                        let modifiers = ModifiersState::from(xev.mods);
+                        let modifiers = ModifiersState::from_x11(&xev.mods);
+                        update_modifiers!(modifiers, None);
 
                         let state = if xev.evtype == ffi::XI_ButtonPress {
                             Pressed
@@ -674,7 +720,8 @@ impl<T: 'static> EventProcessor<T> {
                         let window_id = mkwid(xev.event);
                         let new_cursor_pos = (xev.event_x, xev.event_y);
 
-                        let modifiers = ModifiersState::from(xev.mods);
+                        let modifiers = ModifiersState::from_x11(&xev.mods);
+                        update_modifiers!(modifiers, None);
 
                         let cursor_moved = self.with_window(xev.event, |window| {
                             let mut shared_state_lock = window.shared_state.lock();
@@ -788,14 +835,15 @@ impl<T: 'static> EventProcessor<T> {
                                 }
                             }
                         }
-                        callback(Event::WindowEvent {
-                            window_id,
-                            event: CursorEntered { device_id },
-                        });
 
                         if let Some(dpi_factor) =
                             self.with_window(xev.event, |window| window.hidpi_factor())
                         {
+                            callback(Event::WindowEvent {
+                                window_id,
+                                event: CursorEntered { device_id },
+                            });
+
                             let position = LogicalPosition::from_physical(
                                 (xev.event_x as f64, xev.event_y as f64),
                                 dpi_factor,
@@ -859,6 +907,10 @@ impl<T: 'static> EventProcessor<T> {
                             event: Focused(true),
                         });
 
+                        let modifiers = ModifiersState::from_x11(&xev.mods);
+
+                        update_modifiers!(modifiers, None);
+
                         // The deviceid for this event is for a keyboard instead of a pointer,
                         // so we have to do a little extra work.
                         let pointer_id = self
@@ -877,9 +929,12 @@ impl<T: 'static> EventProcessor<T> {
                             event: CursorMoved {
                                 device_id: mkdid(pointer_id),
                                 position,
-                                modifiers: ModifiersState::from(xev.mods),
+                                modifiers,
                             },
                         });
+
+                        // Issue key press events for all pressed keys
+                        self.handle_pressed_keys(window_id, ElementState::Pressed, &mut callback);
                     }
                     ffi::XI_FocusOut => {
                         let xev: &ffi::XIFocusOutEvent = unsafe { &*(xev.data as *const _) };
@@ -890,8 +945,14 @@ impl<T: 'static> EventProcessor<T> {
                             .borrow_mut()
                             .unfocus(xev.event)
                             .expect("Failed to unfocus input context");
+
+                        let window_id = mkwid(xev.event);
+
+                        // Issue key release events for all pressed keys
+                        self.handle_pressed_keys(window_id, ElementState::Released, &mut callback);
+
                         callback(Event::WindowEvent {
-                            window_id: mkwid(xev.event),
+                            window_id,
                             event: Focused(false),
                         })
                     }
@@ -908,17 +969,35 @@ impl<T: 'static> EventProcessor<T> {
                         let dpi_factor =
                             self.with_window(xev.event, |window| window.hidpi_factor());
                         if let Some(dpi_factor) = dpi_factor {
+                            let id = xev.detail as u64;
+                            let modifiers = self.device_mod_state.modifiers();
                             let location = LogicalPosition::from_physical(
                                 (xev.event_x as f64, xev.event_y as f64),
                                 dpi_factor,
                             );
+
+                            // Mouse cursor position changes when touch events are received.
+                            // Only the first concurrently active touch ID moves the mouse cursor.
+                            if is_first_touch(&mut self.first_touch, &mut self.num_touch, id, phase)
+                            {
+                                callback(Event::WindowEvent {
+                                    window_id,
+                                    event: WindowEvent::CursorMoved {
+                                        device_id: mkdid(util::VIRTUAL_CORE_POINTER),
+                                        position: location,
+                                        modifiers,
+                                    },
+                                });
+                            }
+
                             callback(Event::WindowEvent {
                                 window_id,
                                 event: WindowEvent::Touch(Touch {
                                     device_id: mkdid(xev.deviceid),
                                     phase,
                                     location,
-                                    id: xev.detail as u64,
+                                    force: None, // TODO
+                                    id,
                                 }),
                             })
                         }
@@ -1001,40 +1080,44 @@ impl<T: 'static> EventProcessor<T> {
                             _ => unreachable!(),
                         };
 
-                        let device_id = xev.sourceid;
+                        let device_id = mkdid(xev.sourceid);
                         let keycode = xev.detail;
                         if keycode < 8 {
                             return;
                         }
                         let scancode = (keycode - 8) as u32;
-
-                        let keysym = unsafe {
-                            (wt.xconn.xlib.XKeycodeToKeysym)(
-                                wt.xconn.display,
-                                xev.detail as ffi::KeyCode,
-                                0,
-                            )
-                        };
-                        wt.xconn
-                            .check_errors()
-                            .expect("Failed to lookup raw keysym");
-
+                        let keysym = wt.xconn.keycode_to_keysym(keycode as ffi::KeyCode);
                         let virtual_keycode = events::keysym_to_element(keysym as c_uint);
+                        let modifiers = self.device_mod_state.modifiers();
 
                         callback(Event::DeviceEvent {
-                            device_id: mkdid(device_id),
+                            device_id,
                             event: DeviceEvent::Key(KeyboardInput {
                                 scancode,
                                 virtual_keycode,
                                 state,
-                                // So, in an ideal world we can use libxkbcommon to get modifiers.
-                                // However, libxkbcommon-x11 isn't as commonly installed as one
-                                // would hope. We can still use the Xkb extension to get
-                                // comprehensive keyboard state updates, but interpreting that
-                                // info manually is going to be involved.
-                                modifiers: ModifiersState::default(),
+                                modifiers,
                             }),
                         });
+
+                        if let Some(modifier) =
+                            self.mod_keymap.get_modifier(keycode as ffi::KeyCode)
+                        {
+                            self.device_mod_state.key_event(
+                                state,
+                                keycode as ffi::KeyCode,
+                                modifier,
+                            );
+
+                            let new_modifiers = self.device_mod_state.modifiers();
+
+                            if modifiers != new_modifiers {
+                                callback(Event::DeviceEvent {
+                                    device_id,
+                                    event: DeviceEvent::ModifiersChanged(new_modifiers),
+                                });
+                            }
+                        }
                     }
 
                     ffi::XI_HierarchyChanged => {
@@ -1113,4 +1196,65 @@ impl<T: 'static> EventProcessor<T> {
             Err(_) => (),
         }
     }
+
+    fn handle_pressed_keys<F>(
+        &self,
+        window_id: crate::window::WindowId,
+        state: ElementState,
+        callback: &mut F,
+    ) where
+        F: FnMut(Event<T>),
+    {
+        let wt = get_xtarget(&self.target);
+
+        let device_id = mkdid(util::VIRTUAL_CORE_KEYBOARD);
+        let modifiers = self.device_mod_state.modifiers();
+
+        // Get the set of keys currently pressed and apply Key events to each
+        let keys = wt.xconn.query_keymap();
+
+        for keycode in &keys {
+            if keycode < 8 {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            let scancode = (keycode - 8) as u32;
+            let keysym = wt.xconn.keycode_to_keysym(keycode);
+            let virtual_keycode = events::keysym_to_element(keysym as c_uint);
+
+            callback(Event::WindowEvent {
+                window_id,
+                event: WindowEvent::KeyboardInput {
+                    device_id,
+                    input: KeyboardInput {
+                        scancode,
+                        state,
+                        virtual_keycode,
+                        modifiers,
+                    },
+                    is_synthetic: true,
+                },
+            });
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+fn is_first_touch(first: &mut Option<u64>, num: &mut u32, id: u64, phase: TouchPhase) -> bool {
+    match phase {
+        TouchPhase::Started => {
+            if *num == 0 {
+                *first = Some(id);
+            }
+            *num += 1;
+        }
+        TouchPhase::Cancelled | TouchPhase::Ended => {
+            if *first == Some(id) {
+                *first = None;
+            }
+            *num = num.saturating_sub(1);
+        }
+        _ => (),
+    }
+
+    *first == Some(id)
 }

src/platform_impl/linux/x11/mod.rs

@@ -1,4 +1,10 @@
-#![cfg(any(target_os = "linux", target_os = "dragonfly", target_os = "freebsd", target_os = "netbsd", target_os = "openbsd"))]
+#![cfg(any(
+    target_os = "linux",
+    target_os = "dragonfly",
+    target_os = "freebsd",
+    target_os = "netbsd",
+    target_os = "openbsd"
+))]
 
 mod dnd;
 mod event_processor;
@@ -11,7 +17,7 @@ mod window;
 mod xdisplay;
 
 pub use self::{
-    monitor::MonitorHandle,
+    monitor::{MonitorHandle, VideoMode},
     window::UnownedWindow,
     xdisplay::{XConnection, XError, XNotSupported},
 };
@@ -20,12 +26,13 @@ use std::{
     cell::RefCell,
     collections::{HashMap, HashSet, VecDeque},
     ffi::CStr,
-    mem,
+    mem::{self, MaybeUninit},
     ops::Deref,
     os::raw::*,
     rc::Rc,
     slice,
     sync::{mpsc, Arc, Mutex, Weak},
+    time::{Duration, Instant},
 };
 
 use libc::{self, setlocale, LC_CTYPE};
@@ -34,10 +41,11 @@ use self::{
     dnd::{Dnd, DndState},
     event_processor::EventProcessor,
     ime::{Ime, ImeCreationError, ImeReceiver, ImeSender},
+    util::modifiers::ModifierKeymap,
 };
 use crate::{
     error::OsError as RootOsError,
-    event::{Event, WindowEvent},
+    event::{Event, StartCause},
     event_loop::{ControlFlow, EventLoopClosed, EventLoopWindowTarget as RootELW},
     platform_impl::{platform::sticky_exit_callback, PlatformSpecificWindowBuilderAttributes},
     window::WindowAttributes,
@@ -60,16 +68,24 @@ pub struct EventLoop<T: 'static> {
     _x11_source: ::calloop::Source<::calloop::generic::Generic<::calloop::generic::EventedRawFd>>,
     _user_source: ::calloop::Source<::calloop::channel::Channel<T>>,
     pending_user_events: Rc<RefCell<VecDeque<T>>>,
+    event_processor: Rc<RefCell<EventProcessor<T>>>,
     user_sender: ::calloop::channel::Sender<T>,
     pending_events: Rc<RefCell<VecDeque<Event<T>>>>,
-    target: Rc<RootELW<T>>,
+    pub(crate) target: Rc<RootELW<T>>,
 }
 
-#[derive(Clone)]
 pub struct EventLoopProxy<T: 'static> {
     user_sender: ::calloop::channel::Sender<T>,
 }
 
+impl<T: 'static> Clone for EventLoopProxy<T> {
+    fn clone(&self) -> Self {
+        EventLoopProxy {
+            user_sender: self.user_sender.clone(),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 impl<T: 'static> EventLoop<T> {
     pub fn new(xconn: Arc<XConnection>) -> EventLoop<T> {
         let root = unsafe { (xconn.xlib.XDefaultRootWindow)(xconn.display) };
@@ -100,22 +116,21 @@ impl<T: 'static> EventLoop<T> {
             .expect("Failed to query XRandR extension");
 
         let xi2ext = unsafe {
-            let mut result = XExtension {
-                opcode: mem::uninitialized(),
-                first_event_id: mem::uninitialized(),
-                first_error_id: mem::uninitialized(),
-            };
+            let mut ext = XExtension::default();
+
             let res = (xconn.xlib.XQueryExtension)(
                 xconn.display,
                 b"XInputExtension\0".as_ptr() as *const c_char,
-                &mut result.opcode as *mut c_int,
-                &mut result.first_event_id as *mut c_int,
-                &mut result.first_error_id as *mut c_int,
+                &mut ext.opcode,
+                &mut ext.first_event_id,
+                &mut ext.first_error_id,
             );
+
             if res == ffi::False {
                 panic!("X server missing XInput extension");
             }
-            result
+
+            ext
         };
 
         unsafe {
@@ -136,6 +151,11 @@ impl<T: 'static> EventLoop<T> {
 
         xconn.update_cached_wm_info(root);
 
+        let pending_redraws: Arc<Mutex<HashSet<WindowId>>> = Default::default();
+
+        let mut mod_keymap = ModifierKeymap::new();
+        mod_keymap.reset_from_x_connection(&xconn);
+
         let target = Rc::new(RootELW {
             p: super::EventLoopWindowTarget::X(EventLoopWindowTarget {
                 ime,
@@ -146,7 +166,7 @@ impl<T: 'static> EventLoop<T> {
                 xconn,
                 wm_delete_window,
                 net_wm_ping,
-                pending_redraws: Default::default(),
+                pending_redraws: pending_redraws.clone(),
             }),
             _marker: ::std::marker::PhantomData,
         });
@@ -172,13 +192,17 @@ impl<T: 'static> EventLoop<T> {
         // Handle X11 events
         let pending_events: Rc<RefCell<VecDeque<_>>> = Default::default();
 
-        let mut processor = EventProcessor {
+        let processor = EventProcessor {
             target: target.clone(),
             dnd,
             devices: Default::default(),
             randr_event_offset,
             ime_receiver,
             xi2ext,
+            mod_keymap,
+            device_mod_state: Default::default(),
+            num_touch: 0,
+            first_touch: None,
         };
 
         // Register for device hotplug events
@@ -190,6 +214,9 @@ impl<T: 'static> EventLoop<T> {
 
         processor.init_device(ffi::XIAllDevices);
 
+        let processor = Rc::new(RefCell::new(processor));
+        let event_processor = processor.clone();
+
         // Setup the X11 event source
         let mut x11_events =
             ::calloop::generic::Generic::from_raw_fd(get_xtarget(&target).xconn.x11_fd);
@@ -198,16 +225,13 @@ impl<T: 'static> EventLoop<T> {
             .handle()
             .insert_source(x11_events, {
                 let pending_events = pending_events.clone();
-                let mut callback = move |event| {
-                    pending_events.borrow_mut().push_back(event);
-                };
                 move |evt, &mut ()| {
                     if evt.readiness.is_readable() {
-                        // process all pending events
-                        let mut xev = unsafe { mem::uninitialized() };
-                        while unsafe { processor.poll_one_event(&mut xev) } {
-                            processor.process_event(&mut xev, &mut callback);
-                        }
+                        let mut processor = processor.borrow_mut();
+                        let mut pending_events = pending_events.borrow_mut();
+                        let mut pending_redraws = pending_redraws.lock().unwrap();
+
+                        drain_events(&mut processor, &mut pending_events, &mut pending_redraws);
                     }
                 }
             })
@@ -220,18 +244,13 @@ impl<T: 'static> EventLoop<T> {
             _user_source,
             user_sender,
             pending_user_events,
+            event_processor,
             target,
         };
 
         result
     }
 
-    /// Returns the `XConnection` of this events loop.
-    #[inline]
-    pub fn x_connection(&self) -> &Arc<XConnection> {
-        &get_xtarget(&self.target).xconn
-    }
-
     pub fn create_proxy(&self) -> EventLoopProxy<T> {
         EventLoopProxy {
             user_sender: self.user_sender.clone(),
@@ -249,7 +268,15 @@ impl<T: 'static> EventLoop<T> {
         let mut control_flow = ControlFlow::default();
         let wt = get_xtarget(&self.target);
 
+        callback(
+            crate::event::Event::NewEvents(crate::event::StartCause::Init),
+            &self.target,
+            &mut control_flow,
+        );
+
         loop {
+            self.drain_events();
+
             // Empty the event buffer
             {
                 let mut guard = self.pending_events.borrow_mut();
@@ -270,90 +297,91 @@ impl<T: 'static> EventLoop<T> {
                     );
                 }
             }
+            // send MainEventsCleared
+            {
+                sticky_exit_callback(
+                    crate::event::Event::MainEventsCleared,
+                    &self.target,
+                    &mut control_flow,
+                    &mut callback,
+                );
+            }
             // Empty the redraw requests
             {
-                let mut guard = wt.pending_redraws.lock().unwrap();
-                for wid in guard.drain() {
+                // Release the lock to prevent deadlock
+                let windows: Vec<_> = wt.pending_redraws.lock().unwrap().drain().collect();
+
+                for wid in windows {
                     sticky_exit_callback(
-                        Event::WindowEvent {
-                            window_id: crate::window::WindowId(super::WindowId::X(wid)),
-                            event: WindowEvent::RedrawRequested,
-                        },
+                        Event::RedrawRequested(crate::window::WindowId(super::WindowId::X(wid))),
                         &self.target,
                         &mut control_flow,
                         &mut callback,
                     );
                 }
             }
-            // send Events cleared
+            // send RedrawEventsCleared
             {
                 sticky_exit_callback(
-                    crate::event::Event::EventsCleared,
+                    crate::event::Event::RedrawEventsCleared,
                     &self.target,
                     &mut control_flow,
                     &mut callback,
                 );
             }
 
+            let start = Instant::now();
+            let (mut cause, deadline, mut timeout);
+
             match control_flow {
                 ControlFlow::Exit => break,
                 ControlFlow::Poll => {
-                    // non-blocking dispatch
-                    self.inner_loop
-                        .dispatch(Some(::std::time::Duration::from_millis(0)), &mut ())
-                        .unwrap();
-                    callback(
-                        crate::event::Event::NewEvents(crate::event::StartCause::Poll),
-                        &self.target,
-                        &mut control_flow,
-                    );
+                    cause = StartCause::Poll;
+                    deadline = None;
+                    timeout = Some(Duration::from_millis(0));
                 }
                 ControlFlow::Wait => {
-                    self.inner_loop.dispatch(None, &mut ()).unwrap();
-                    callback(
-                        crate::event::Event::NewEvents(crate::event::StartCause::WaitCancelled {
-                            start: ::std::time::Instant::now(),
-                            requested_resume: None,
-                        }),
-                        &self.target,
-                        &mut control_flow,
-                    );
-                }
-                ControlFlow::WaitUntil(deadline) => {
-                    let start = ::std::time::Instant::now();
-                    // compute the blocking duration
-                    let duration = if deadline > start {
-                        deadline - start
-                    } else {
-                        ::std::time::Duration::from_millis(0)
+                    cause = StartCause::WaitCancelled {
+                        start,
+                        requested_resume: None,
                     };
-                    self.inner_loop.dispatch(Some(duration), &mut ()).unwrap();
-                    let now = std::time::Instant::now();
-                    if now < deadline {
-                        callback(
-                            crate::event::Event::NewEvents(
-                                crate::event::StartCause::WaitCancelled {
-                                    start,
-                                    requested_resume: Some(deadline),
-                                },
-                            ),
-                            &self.target,
-                            &mut control_flow,
-                        );
+                    deadline = None;
+                    timeout = None;
+                }
+                ControlFlow::WaitUntil(wait_deadline) => {
+                    cause = StartCause::ResumeTimeReached {
+                        start,
+                        requested_resume: wait_deadline,
+                    };
+                    timeout = if wait_deadline > start {
+                        Some(wait_deadline - start)
                     } else {
-                        callback(
-                            crate::event::Event::NewEvents(
-                                crate::event::StartCause::ResumeTimeReached {
-                                    start,
-                                    requested_resume: deadline,
-                                },
-                            ),
-                            &self.target,
-                            &mut control_flow,
-                        );
-                    }
+                        Some(Duration::from_millis(0))
+                    };
+                    deadline = Some(wait_deadline);
                 }
             }
+
+            if self.events_waiting() {
+                timeout = Some(Duration::from_millis(0));
+            }
+
+            self.inner_loop.dispatch(timeout, &mut ()).unwrap();
+
+            if let Some(deadline) = deadline {
+                if deadline > Instant::now() {
+                    cause = StartCause::WaitCancelled {
+                        start,
+                        requested_resume: Some(deadline),
+                    };
+                }
+            }
+
+            callback(
+                crate::event::Event::NewEvents(cause),
+                &self.target,
+                &mut control_flow,
+            );
         }
 
         callback(
@@ -370,19 +398,66 @@ impl<T: 'static> EventLoop<T> {
         self.run_return(callback);
         ::std::process::exit(0);
     }
+
+    fn drain_events(&self) {
+        let mut processor = self.event_processor.borrow_mut();
+        let mut pending_events = self.pending_events.borrow_mut();
+        let wt = get_xtarget(&self.target);
+        let mut pending_redraws = wt.pending_redraws.lock().unwrap();
+
+        drain_events(&mut processor, &mut pending_events, &mut pending_redraws);
+    }
+
+    fn events_waiting(&self) -> bool {
+        !self.pending_events.borrow().is_empty() || self.event_processor.borrow().poll()
+    }
 }
 
-fn get_xtarget<T>(rt: &RootELW<T>) -> &EventLoopWindowTarget<T> {
-    if let super::EventLoopWindowTarget::X(ref target) = rt.p {
-        target
-    } else {
-        unreachable!();
+fn drain_events<T: 'static>(
+    processor: &mut EventProcessor<T>,
+    pending_events: &mut VecDeque<Event<T>>,
+    pending_redraws: &mut HashSet<WindowId>,
+) {
+    let mut callback = |event| {
+        if let Event::RedrawRequested(crate::window::WindowId(super::WindowId::X(wid))) = event {
+            pending_redraws.insert(wid);
+        } else {
+            pending_events.push_back(event);
+        }
+    };
+
+    // process all pending events
+    let mut xev = MaybeUninit::uninit();
+    while unsafe { processor.poll_one_event(xev.as_mut_ptr()) } {
+        let mut xev = unsafe { xev.assume_init() };
+        processor.process_event(&mut xev, &mut callback);
+    }
+}
+
+pub(crate) fn get_xtarget<T>(target: &RootELW<T>) -> &EventLoopWindowTarget<T> {
+    match target.p {
+        super::EventLoopWindowTarget::X(ref target) => target,
+        _ => unreachable!(),
+    }
+}
+
+impl<T> EventLoopWindowTarget<T> {
+    /// Returns the `XConnection` of this events loop.
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn x_connection(&self) -> &Arc<XConnection> {
+        &self.xconn
     }
 }
 
 impl<T: 'static> EventLoopProxy<T> {
-    pub fn send_event(&self, event: T) -> Result<(), EventLoopClosed> {
-        self.user_sender.send(event).map_err(|_| EventLoopClosed)
+    pub fn send_event(&self, event: T) -> Result<(), EventLoopClosed<T>> {
+        self.user_sender.send(event).map_err(|e| {
+            EventLoopClosed(if let ::calloop::channel::SendError::Disconnected(x) = e {
+                x
+            } else {
+                unreachable!()
+            })
+        })
     }
 }
 
@@ -395,19 +470,19 @@ struct DeviceInfo<'a> {
 impl<'a> DeviceInfo<'a> {
     fn get(xconn: &'a XConnection, device: c_int) -> Option<Self> {
         unsafe {
-            let mut count = mem::uninitialized();
+            let mut count = 0;
             let info = (xconn.xinput2.XIQueryDevice)(xconn.display, device, &mut count);
-            xconn.check_errors().ok().and_then(|_| {
-                if info.is_null() || count == 0 {
-                    None
-                } else {
-                    Some(DeviceInfo {
-                        xconn,
-                        info,
-                        count: count as usize,
-                    })
-                }
-            })
+            xconn.check_errors().ok()?;
+
+            if info.is_null() || count == 0 {
+                None
+            } else {
+                Some(DeviceInfo {
+                    xconn,
+                    info,
+                    count: count as usize,
+                })
+            }
         }
     }
 }
@@ -512,7 +587,7 @@ impl<'a> Drop for GenericEventCookie<'a> {
     }
 }
 
-#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone)]
+#[derive(Debug, Default, Copy, Clone)]
 struct XExtension {
     opcode: c_int,
     first_event_id: c_int,

src/platform_impl/linux/x11/monitor.rs

@@ -4,47 +4,66 @@ use parking_lot::Mutex;
 
 use super::{
     ffi::{
-        RRCrtcChangeNotifyMask, RROutputPropertyNotifyMask, RRScreenChangeNotifyMask, True, Window,
-        XRRScreenResources,
+        RRCrtc, RRCrtcChangeNotifyMask, RRMode, RROutputPropertyNotifyMask,
+        RRScreenChangeNotifyMask, True, Window, XRRCrtcInfo, XRRScreenResources,
     },
     util, XConnection, XError,
 };
 use crate::{
     dpi::{PhysicalPosition, PhysicalSize},
-    monitor::VideoMode,
+    monitor::{MonitorHandle as RootMonitorHandle, VideoMode as RootVideoMode},
+    platform_impl::{MonitorHandle as PlatformMonitorHandle, VideoMode as PlatformVideoMode},
 };
 
-// Used to test XRandR < 1.5 code path. This should always be committed as false.
-const FORCE_RANDR_COMPAT: bool = false;
-// Also used for testing. This should always be committed as false.
+// Used for testing. This should always be committed as false.
 const DISABLE_MONITOR_LIST_CACHING: bool = false;
 
 lazy_static! {
-    static ref XRANDR_VERSION: Mutex<Option<(c_int, c_int)>> = Mutex::default();
     static ref MONITORS: Mutex<Option<Vec<MonitorHandle>>> = Mutex::default();
 }
 
-fn version_is_at_least(major: c_int, minor: c_int) -> bool {
-    if let Some((avail_major, avail_minor)) = *XRANDR_VERSION.lock() {
-        if avail_major == major {
-            avail_minor >= minor
-        } else {
-            avail_major > major
-        }
-    } else {
-        unreachable!();
-    }
-}
-
 pub fn invalidate_cached_monitor_list() -> Option<Vec<MonitorHandle>> {
     // We update this lazily.
     (*MONITORS.lock()).take()
 }
 
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
+pub struct VideoMode {
+    pub(crate) size: (u32, u32),
+    pub(crate) bit_depth: u16,
+    pub(crate) refresh_rate: u16,
+    pub(crate) native_mode: RRMode,
+    pub(crate) monitor: Option<MonitorHandle>,
+}
+
+impl VideoMode {
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn size(&self) -> PhysicalSize {
+        self.size.into()
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn bit_depth(&self) -> u16 {
+        self.bit_depth
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn refresh_rate(&self) -> u16 {
+        self.refresh_rate
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn monitor(&self) -> RootMonitorHandle {
+        RootMonitorHandle {
+            inner: PlatformMonitorHandle::X(self.monitor.clone().unwrap()),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 #[derive(Debug, Clone)]
 pub struct MonitorHandle {
     /// The actual id
-    id: u32,
+    pub(crate) id: RRCrtc,
     /// The name of the monitor
     pub(crate) name: String,
     /// The size of the monitor
@@ -61,16 +80,43 @@ pub struct MonitorHandle {
     video_modes: Vec<VideoMode>,
 }
 
+impl PartialEq for MonitorHandle {
+    fn eq(&self, other: &Self) -> bool {
+        self.id == other.id
+    }
+}
+
+impl Eq for MonitorHandle {}
+
+impl PartialOrd for MonitorHandle {
+    fn partial_cmp(&self, other: &Self) -> Option<std::cmp::Ordering> {
+        Some(self.cmp(&other))
+    }
+}
+
+impl Ord for MonitorHandle {
+    fn cmp(&self, other: &Self) -> std::cmp::Ordering {
+        self.id.cmp(&other.id)
+    }
+}
+
+impl std::hash::Hash for MonitorHandle {
+    fn hash<H: std::hash::Hasher>(&self, state: &mut H) {
+        self.id.hash(state);
+    }
+}
+
 impl MonitorHandle {
-    fn from_repr(
+    fn new(
         xconn: &XConnection,
         resources: *mut XRRScreenResources,
-        id: u32,
-        repr: util::MonitorRepr,
+        id: RRCrtc,
+        crtc: *mut XRRCrtcInfo,
         primary: bool,
     ) -> Option<Self> {
-        let (name, hidpi_factor, video_modes) = unsafe { xconn.get_output_info(resources, &repr)? };
-        let (dimensions, position) = unsafe { (repr.size(), repr.position()) };
+        let (name, hidpi_factor, video_modes) = unsafe { xconn.get_output_info(resources, crtc)? };
+        let dimensions = unsafe { ((*crtc).width as u32, (*crtc).height as u32) };
+        let position = unsafe { ((*crtc).x as i32, (*crtc).y as i32) };
         let rect = util::AaRect::new(position, dimensions);
         Some(MonitorHandle {
             id,
@@ -84,6 +130,24 @@ impl MonitorHandle {
         })
     }
 
+    pub fn dummy() -> Self {
+        MonitorHandle {
+            id: 0,
+            name: "<dummy monitor>".into(),
+            hidpi_factor: 1.0,
+            dimensions: (1, 1),
+            position: (0, 0),
+            primary: true,
+            rect: util::AaRect::new((0, 0), (1, 1)),
+            video_modes: Vec::new(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub(crate) fn is_dummy(&self) -> bool {
+        // Zero is an invalid XID value; no real monitor will have it
+        self.id == 0
+    }
+
     pub fn name(&self) -> Option<String> {
         Some(self.name.clone())
     }
@@ -107,17 +171,27 @@ impl MonitorHandle {
     }
 
     #[inline]
-    pub fn video_modes(&self) -> impl Iterator<Item = VideoMode> {
-        self.video_modes.clone().into_iter()
+    pub fn video_modes(&self) -> impl Iterator<Item = RootVideoMode> {
+        let monitor = self.clone();
+        self.video_modes.clone().into_iter().map(move |mut x| {
+            x.monitor = Some(monitor.clone());
+            RootVideoMode {
+                video_mode: PlatformVideoMode::X(x),
+            }
+        })
     }
 }
 
 impl XConnection {
     pub fn get_monitor_for_window(&self, window_rect: Option<util::AaRect>) -> MonitorHandle {
         let monitors = self.available_monitors();
-        let default = monitors
-            .get(0)
-            .expect("[winit] Failed to find any monitors using XRandR.");
+
+        if monitors.is_empty() {
+            // Return a dummy monitor to avoid panicking
+            return MonitorHandle::dummy();
+        }
+
+        let default = monitors.get(0).unwrap();
 
         let window_rect = match window_rect {
             Some(rect) => rect,
@@ -139,8 +213,12 @@ impl XConnection {
 
     fn query_monitor_list(&self) -> Vec<MonitorHandle> {
         unsafe {
+            let mut major = 0;
+            let mut minor = 0;
+            (self.xrandr.XRRQueryVersion)(self.display, &mut major, &mut minor);
+
             let root = (self.xlib.XDefaultRootWindow)(self.display);
-            let resources = if version_is_at_least(1, 3) {
+            let resources = if (major == 1 && minor >= 3) || major > 1 {
                 (self.xrandr.XRRGetScreenResourcesCurrent)(self.display, root)
             } else {
                 // WARNING: this function is supposedly very slow, on the order of hundreds of ms.
@@ -155,48 +233,19 @@ impl XConnection {
             let mut available;
             let mut has_primary = false;
 
-            if self.xrandr_1_5.is_some() && version_is_at_least(1, 5) && !FORCE_RANDR_COMPAT {
-                // We're in XRandR >= 1.5, enumerate monitors. This supports things like MST and
-                // videowalls.
-                let xrandr_1_5 = self.xrandr_1_5.as_ref().unwrap();
-                let mut monitor_count = 0;
-                let monitors =
-                    (xrandr_1_5.XRRGetMonitors)(self.display, root, 1, &mut monitor_count);
-                assert!(monitor_count >= 0);
-                available = Vec::with_capacity(monitor_count as usize);
-                for monitor_index in 0..monitor_count {
-                    let monitor = monitors.offset(monitor_index as isize);
-                    let is_primary = (*monitor).primary != 0;
+            let primary = (self.xrandr.XRRGetOutputPrimary)(self.display, root);
+            available = Vec::with_capacity((*resources).ncrtc as usize);
+            for crtc_index in 0..(*resources).ncrtc {
+                let crtc_id = *((*resources).crtcs.offset(crtc_index as isize));
+                let crtc = (self.xrandr.XRRGetCrtcInfo)(self.display, resources, crtc_id);
+                let is_active = (*crtc).width > 0 && (*crtc).height > 0 && (*crtc).noutput > 0;
+                if is_active {
+                    let is_primary = *(*crtc).outputs.offset(0) == primary;
                     has_primary |= is_primary;
-                    MonitorHandle::from_repr(
-                        self,
-                        resources,
-                        monitor_index as u32,
-                        monitor.into(),
-                        is_primary,
-                    )
-                    .map(|monitor_id| available.push(monitor_id));
-                }
-                (xrandr_1_5.XRRFreeMonitors)(monitors);
-            } else {
-                // We're in XRandR < 1.5, enumerate CRTCs. Everything will work except MST and
-                // videowall setups will also show monitors that aren't in the logical groups the user
-                // cares about.
-                let primary = (self.xrandr.XRRGetOutputPrimary)(self.display, root);
-                available = Vec::with_capacity((*resources).ncrtc as usize);
-                for crtc_index in 0..(*resources).ncrtc {
-                    let crtc_id = *((*resources).crtcs.offset(crtc_index as isize));
-                    let crtc = (self.xrandr.XRRGetCrtcInfo)(self.display, resources, crtc_id);
-                    let is_active = (*crtc).width > 0 && (*crtc).height > 0 && (*crtc).noutput > 0;
-                    if is_active {
-                        let crtc = util::MonitorRepr::from(crtc);
-                        let is_primary = crtc.get_output() == primary;
-                        has_primary |= is_primary;
-                        MonitorHandle::from_repr(self, resources, crtc_id as u32, crtc, is_primary)
-                            .map(|monitor_id| available.push(monitor_id));
-                    }
-                    (self.xrandr.XRRFreeCrtcInfo)(crtc);
+                    MonitorHandle::new(self, resources, crtc_id, crtc, is_primary)
+                        .map(|monitor_id| available.push(monitor_id));
                 }
+                (self.xrandr.XRRFreeCrtcInfo)(crtc);
             }
 
             // If no monitors were detected as being primary, we just pick one ourselves!
@@ -232,23 +281,19 @@ impl XConnection {
         self.available_monitors()
             .into_iter()
             .find(|monitor| monitor.primary)
-            .expect("[winit] Failed to find any monitors using XRandR.")
+            .unwrap_or_else(MonitorHandle::dummy)
     }
 
     pub fn select_xrandr_input(&self, root: Window) -> Result<c_int, XError> {
-        {
-            let mut version_lock = XRANDR_VERSION.lock();
-            if version_lock.is_none() {
-                let mut major = 0;
-                let mut minor = 0;
-                let has_extension =
-                    unsafe { (self.xrandr.XRRQueryVersion)(self.display, &mut major, &mut minor) };
-                if has_extension != True {
-                    panic!("[winit] XRandR extension not available.");
-                }
-                *version_lock = Some((major, minor));
-            }
-        }
+        let has_xrandr = unsafe {
+            let mut major = 0;
+            let mut minor = 0;
+            (self.xrandr.XRRQueryVersion)(self.display, &mut major, &mut minor)
+        };
+        assert!(
+            has_xrandr == True,
+            "[winit] XRandR extension not available."
+        );
 
         let mut event_offset = 0;
         let mut error_offset = 0;

src/platform_impl/linux/x11/util/client_msg.rs

@@ -30,13 +30,17 @@ impl XConnection {
         event_mask: Option<c_long>,
         data: ClientMsgPayload,
     ) -> Flusher<'_> {
-        let mut event: ffi::XClientMessageEvent = unsafe { mem::uninitialized() };
-        event.type_ = ffi::ClientMessage;
-        event.display = self.display;
-        event.window = window;
-        event.message_type = message_type;
-        event.format = c_long::FORMAT as c_int;
-        event.data = unsafe { mem::transmute(data) };
+        let event = ffi::XClientMessageEvent {
+            type_: ffi::ClientMessage,
+            display: self.display,
+            window,
+            message_type,
+            format: c_long::FORMAT as c_int,
+            data: unsafe { mem::transmute(data) },
+            // These fields are ignored by `XSendEvent`
+            serial: 0,
+            send_event: 0,
+        };
         self.send_event(target_window, event_mask, event)
     }
 
@@ -54,12 +58,17 @@ impl XConnection {
         let format = T::FORMAT;
         let size_of_t = mem::size_of::<T>();
         debug_assert_eq!(size_of_t, format.get_actual_size());
-        let mut event: ffi::XClientMessageEvent = unsafe { mem::uninitialized() };
-        event.type_ = ffi::ClientMessage;
-        event.display = self.display;
-        event.window = window;
-        event.message_type = message_type;
-        event.format = format as c_int;
+        let mut event = ffi::XClientMessageEvent {
+            type_: ffi::ClientMessage,
+            display: self.display,
+            window,
+            message_type,
+            format: format as c_int,
+            data: ffi::ClientMessageData::new(),
+            // These fields are ignored by `XSendEvent`
+            serial: 0,
+            send_event: 0,
+        };
 
         let t_per_payload = format.get_payload_size() / size_of_t;
         assert!(t_per_payload > 0);

src/platform_impl/linux/x11/util/cursor.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,129 @@
+use crate::window::CursorIcon;
+
+use super::*;
+
+impl XConnection {
+    pub fn set_cursor_icon(&self, window: ffi::Window, cursor: Option<CursorIcon>) {
+        let cursor = *self
+            .cursor_cache
+            .lock()
+            .entry(cursor)
+            .or_insert_with(|| self.get_cursor(cursor));
+
+        self.update_cursor(window, cursor);
+    }
+
+    fn create_empty_cursor(&self) -> ffi::Cursor {
+        let data = 0;
+        let pixmap = unsafe {
+            let screen = (self.xlib.XDefaultScreen)(self.display);
+            let window = (self.xlib.XRootWindow)(self.display, screen);
+            (self.xlib.XCreateBitmapFromData)(self.display, window, &data, 1, 1)
+        };
+
+        if pixmap == 0 {
+            panic!("failed to allocate pixmap for cursor");
+        }
+
+        unsafe {
+            // We don't care about this color, since it only fills bytes
+            // in the pixmap which are not 0 in the mask.
+            let mut dummy_color = MaybeUninit::uninit();
+            let cursor = (self.xlib.XCreatePixmapCursor)(
+                self.display,
+                pixmap,
+                pixmap,
+                dummy_color.as_mut_ptr(),
+                dummy_color.as_mut_ptr(),
+                0,
+                0,
+            );
+            (self.xlib.XFreePixmap)(self.display, pixmap);
+
+            cursor
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn load_cursor(&self, name: &[u8]) -> ffi::Cursor {
+        unsafe {
+            (self.xcursor.XcursorLibraryLoadCursor)(self.display, name.as_ptr() as *const c_char)
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn load_first_existing_cursor(&self, names: &[&[u8]]) -> ffi::Cursor {
+        for name in names.iter() {
+            let xcursor = self.load_cursor(name);
+            if xcursor != 0 {
+                return xcursor;
+            }
+        }
+        0
+    }
+
+    fn get_cursor(&self, cursor: Option<CursorIcon>) -> ffi::Cursor {
+        let cursor = match cursor {
+            Some(cursor) => cursor,
+            None => return self.create_empty_cursor(),
+        };
+
+        let load = |name: &[u8]| self.load_cursor(name);
+
+        let loadn = |names: &[&[u8]]| self.load_first_existing_cursor(names);
+
+        // Try multiple names in some cases where the name
+        // differs on the desktop environments or themes.
+        //
+        // Try the better looking (or more suiting) names first.
+        match cursor {
+            CursorIcon::Alias => load(b"link\0"),
+            CursorIcon::Arrow => load(b"arrow\0"),
+            CursorIcon::Cell => load(b"plus\0"),
+            CursorIcon::Copy => load(b"copy\0"),
+            CursorIcon::Crosshair => load(b"crosshair\0"),
+            CursorIcon::Default => load(b"left_ptr\0"),
+            CursorIcon::Hand => loadn(&[b"hand2\0", b"hand1\0"]),
+            CursorIcon::Help => load(b"question_arrow\0"),
+            CursorIcon::Move => load(b"move\0"),
+            CursorIcon::Grab => loadn(&[b"openhand\0", b"grab\0"]),
+            CursorIcon::Grabbing => loadn(&[b"closedhand\0", b"grabbing\0"]),
+            CursorIcon::Progress => load(b"left_ptr_watch\0"),
+            CursorIcon::AllScroll => load(b"all-scroll\0"),
+            CursorIcon::ContextMenu => load(b"context-menu\0"),
+
+            CursorIcon::NoDrop => loadn(&[b"no-drop\0", b"circle\0"]),
+            CursorIcon::NotAllowed => load(b"crossed_circle\0"),
+
+            // Resize cursors
+            CursorIcon::EResize => load(b"right_side\0"),
+            CursorIcon::NResize => load(b"top_side\0"),
+            CursorIcon::NeResize => load(b"top_right_corner\0"),
+            CursorIcon::NwResize => load(b"top_left_corner\0"),
+            CursorIcon::SResize => load(b"bottom_side\0"),
+            CursorIcon::SeResize => load(b"bottom_right_corner\0"),
+            CursorIcon::SwResize => load(b"bottom_left_corner\0"),
+            CursorIcon::WResize => load(b"left_side\0"),
+            CursorIcon::EwResize => load(b"h_double_arrow\0"),
+            CursorIcon::NsResize => load(b"v_double_arrow\0"),
+            CursorIcon::NwseResize => loadn(&[b"bd_double_arrow\0", b"size_bdiag\0"]),
+            CursorIcon::NeswResize => loadn(&[b"fd_double_arrow\0", b"size_fdiag\0"]),
+            CursorIcon::ColResize => loadn(&[b"split_h\0", b"h_double_arrow\0"]),
+            CursorIcon::RowResize => loadn(&[b"split_v\0", b"v_double_arrow\0"]),
+
+            CursorIcon::Text => loadn(&[b"text\0", b"xterm\0"]),
+            CursorIcon::VerticalText => load(b"vertical-text\0"),
+
+            CursorIcon::Wait => load(b"watch\0"),
+
+            CursorIcon::ZoomIn => load(b"zoom-in\0"),
+            CursorIcon::ZoomOut => load(b"zoom-out\0"),
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn update_cursor(&self, window: ffi::Window, cursor: ffi::Cursor) {
+        unsafe {
+            (self.xlib.XDefineCursor)(self.display, window, cursor);
+
+            self.flush_requests().expect("Failed to set the cursor");
+        }
+    }
+}

src/platform_impl/linux/x11/util/geometry.rs

@@ -41,14 +41,14 @@ impl AaRect {
     }
 }
 
-#[derive(Debug)]
+#[derive(Debug, Default)]
 pub struct TranslatedCoords {
     pub x_rel_root: c_int,
     pub y_rel_root: c_int,
     pub child: ffi::Window,
 }
 
-#[derive(Debug)]
+#[derive(Debug, Default)]
 pub struct Geometry {
     pub root: ffi::Window,
     // If you want positions relative to the root window, use translate_coords.
@@ -183,7 +183,8 @@ impl XConnection {
         window: ffi::Window,
         root: ffi::Window,
     ) -> Result<TranslatedCoords, XError> {
-        let mut translated_coords: TranslatedCoords = unsafe { mem::uninitialized() };
+        let mut coords = TranslatedCoords::default();
+
         unsafe {
             (self.xlib.XTranslateCoordinates)(
                 self.display,
@@ -191,18 +192,20 @@ impl XConnection {
                 root,
                 0,
                 0,
-                &mut translated_coords.x_rel_root,
-                &mut translated_coords.y_rel_root,
-                &mut translated_coords.child,
+                &mut coords.x_rel_root,
+                &mut coords.y_rel_root,
+                &mut coords.child,
             );
         }
-        //println!("XTranslateCoordinates coords:{:?}", translated_coords);
-        self.check_errors().map(|_| translated_coords)
+
+        self.check_errors()?;
+        Ok(coords)
     }
 
     // This is adequate for inner_size
     pub fn get_geometry(&self, window: ffi::Window) -> Result<Geometry, XError> {
-        let mut geometry: Geometry = unsafe { mem::uninitialized() };
+        let mut geometry = Geometry::default();
+
         let _status = unsafe {
             (self.xlib.XGetGeometry)(
                 self.display,
@@ -216,8 +219,9 @@ impl XConnection {
                 &mut geometry.depth,
             )
         };
-        //println!("XGetGeometry geo:{:?}", geometry);
-        self.check_errors().map(|_| geometry)
+
+        self.check_errors()?;
+        Ok(geometry)
     }
 
     fn get_frame_extents(&self, window: ffi::Window) -> Option<FrameExtents> {
@@ -264,10 +268,10 @@ impl XConnection {
 
     fn get_parent_window(&self, window: ffi::Window) -> Result<ffi::Window, XError> {
         let parent = unsafe {
-            let mut root: ffi::Window = mem::uninitialized();
-            let mut parent: ffi::Window = mem::uninitialized();
+            let mut root = 0;
+            let mut parent = 0;
             let mut children: *mut ffi::Window = ptr::null_mut();
-            let mut nchildren: c_uint = mem::uninitialized();
+            let mut nchildren = 0;
 
             // What's filled into `parent` if `window` is the root window?
             let _status = (self.xlib.XQueryTree)(

src/platform_impl/linux/x11/util/hint.rs

@@ -72,21 +72,21 @@ impl Default for WindowType {
 impl WindowType {
     pub(crate) fn as_atom(&self, xconn: &Arc<XConnection>) -> ffi::Atom {
         use self::WindowType::*;
-        let atom_name: &[u8] = match self {
-            &Desktop => b"_NET_WM_WINDOW_TYPE_DESKTOP\0",
-            &Dock => b"_NET_WM_WINDOW_TYPE_DOCK\0",
-            &Toolbar => b"_NET_WM_WINDOW_TYPE_TOOLBAR\0",
-            &Menu => b"_NET_WM_WINDOW_TYPE_MENU\0",
-            &Utility => b"_NET_WM_WINDOW_TYPE_UTILITY\0",
-            &Splash => b"_NET_WM_WINDOW_TYPE_SPLASH\0",
-            &Dialog => b"_NET_WM_WINDOW_TYPE_DIALOG\0",
-            &DropdownMenu => b"_NET_WM_WINDOW_TYPE_DROPDOWN_MENU\0",
-            &PopupMenu => b"_NET_WM_WINDOW_TYPE_POPUP_MENU\0",
-            &Tooltip => b"_NET_WM_WINDOW_TYPE_TOOLTIP\0",
-            &Notification => b"_NET_WM_WINDOW_TYPE_NOTIFICATION\0",
-            &Combo => b"_NET_WM_WINDOW_TYPE_COMBO\0",
-            &Dnd => b"_NET_WM_WINDOW_TYPE_DND\0",
-            &Normal => b"_NET_WM_WINDOW_TYPE_NORMAL\0",
+        let atom_name: &[u8] = match *self {
+            Desktop => b"_NET_WM_WINDOW_TYPE_DESKTOP\0",
+            Dock => b"_NET_WM_WINDOW_TYPE_DOCK\0",
+            Toolbar => b"_NET_WM_WINDOW_TYPE_TOOLBAR\0",
+            Menu => b"_NET_WM_WINDOW_TYPE_MENU\0",
+            Utility => b"_NET_WM_WINDOW_TYPE_UTILITY\0",
+            Splash => b"_NET_WM_WINDOW_TYPE_SPLASH\0",
+            Dialog => b"_NET_WM_WINDOW_TYPE_DIALOG\0",
+            DropdownMenu => b"_NET_WM_WINDOW_TYPE_DROPDOWN_MENU\0",
+            PopupMenu => b"_NET_WM_WINDOW_TYPE_POPUP_MENU\0",
+            Tooltip => b"_NET_WM_WINDOW_TYPE_TOOLTIP\0",
+            Notification => b"_NET_WM_WINDOW_TYPE_NOTIFICATION\0",
+            Combo => b"_NET_WM_WINDOW_TYPE_COMBO\0",
+            Dnd => b"_NET_WM_WINDOW_TYPE_DND\0",
+            Normal => b"_NET_WM_WINDOW_TYPE_NORMAL\0",
         };
         unsafe { xconn.get_atom_unchecked(atom_name) }
     }
@@ -317,13 +317,13 @@ impl XConnection {
 
     pub fn get_normal_hints(&self, window: ffi::Window) -> Result<NormalHints<'_>, XError> {
         let size_hints = self.alloc_size_hints();
-        let mut supplied_by_user: c_long = unsafe { mem::uninitialized() };
+        let mut supplied_by_user = MaybeUninit::uninit();
         unsafe {
             (self.xlib.XGetWMNormalHints)(
                 self.display,
                 window,
                 size_hints.ptr,
-                &mut supplied_by_user,
+                supplied_by_user.as_mut_ptr(),
             );
         }
         self.check_errors().map(|_| NormalHints { size_hints })

src/platform_impl/linux/x11/util/input.rs

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-use std::str;
+use std::{slice, str};
 
 use super::*;
 use crate::event::ModifiersState;
@@ -11,35 +11,39 @@ pub const VIRTUAL_CORE_KEYBOARD: c_int = 3;
 // To test if `lookup_utf8` works correctly, set this to 1.
 const TEXT_BUFFER_SIZE: usize = 1024;
 
-impl From<ffi::XIModifierState> for ModifiersState {
-    fn from(mods: ffi::XIModifierState) -> Self {
-        let state = mods.effective as c_uint;
-        ModifiersState {
-            alt: state & ffi::Mod1Mask != 0,
-            shift: state & ffi::ShiftMask != 0,
-            ctrl: state & ffi::ControlMask != 0,
-            logo: state & ffi::Mod4Mask != 0,
-        }
+impl ModifiersState {
+    pub(crate) fn from_x11(state: &ffi::XIModifierState) -> Self {
+        ModifiersState::from_x11_mask(state.effective as c_uint)
+    }
+
+    pub(crate) fn from_x11_mask(mask: c_uint) -> Self {
+        let mut m = ModifiersState::empty();
+        m.set(ModifiersState::SHIFT, mask & ffi::Mod1Mask != 0);
+        m.set(ModifiersState::CTRL, mask & ffi::ShiftMask != 0);
+        m.set(ModifiersState::ALT, mask & ffi::ControlMask != 0);
+        m.set(ModifiersState::LOGO, mask & ffi::Mod4Mask != 0);
+        m
     }
 }
 
+// NOTE: Some of these fields are not used, but may be of use in the future.
 pub struct PointerState<'a> {
     xconn: &'a XConnection,
-    root: ffi::Window,
-    child: ffi::Window,
+    pub root: ffi::Window,
+    pub child: ffi::Window,
     pub root_x: c_double,
     pub root_y: c_double,
-    win_x: c_double,
-    win_y: c_double,
+    pub win_x: c_double,
+    pub win_y: c_double,
     buttons: ffi::XIButtonState,
     modifiers: ffi::XIModifierState,
-    group: ffi::XIGroupState,
-    relative_to_window: bool,
+    pub group: ffi::XIGroupState,
+    pub relative_to_window: bool,
 }
 
 impl<'a> PointerState<'a> {
     pub fn get_modifier_state(&self) -> ModifiersState {
-        self.modifiers.into()
+        ModifiersState::from_x11(&self.modifiers)
     }
 }
 
@@ -93,29 +97,46 @@ impl XConnection {
         device_id: c_int,
     ) -> Result<PointerState<'_>, XError> {
         unsafe {
-            let mut pointer_state: PointerState<'_> = mem::uninitialized();
-            pointer_state.xconn = self;
-            pointer_state.relative_to_window = (self.xinput2.XIQueryPointer)(
+            let mut root = 0;
+            let mut child = 0;
+            let mut root_x = 0.0;
+            let mut root_y = 0.0;
+            let mut win_x = 0.0;
+            let mut win_y = 0.0;
+            let mut buttons = Default::default();
+            let mut modifiers = Default::default();
+            let mut group = Default::default();
+
+            let relative_to_window = (self.xinput2.XIQueryPointer)(
                 self.display,
                 device_id,
                 window,
-                &mut pointer_state.root,
-                &mut pointer_state.child,
-                &mut pointer_state.root_x,
-                &mut pointer_state.root_y,
-                &mut pointer_state.win_x,
-                &mut pointer_state.win_y,
-                &mut pointer_state.buttons,
-                &mut pointer_state.modifiers,
-                &mut pointer_state.group,
+                &mut root,
+                &mut child,
+                &mut root_x,
+                &mut root_y,
+                &mut win_x,
+                &mut win_y,
+                &mut buttons,
+                &mut modifiers,
+                &mut group,
             ) == ffi::True;
-            if let Err(err) = self.check_errors() {
-                // Running the destrutor would be bad news for us...
-                mem::forget(pointer_state);
-                Err(err)
-            } else {
-                Ok(pointer_state)
-            }
+
+            self.check_errors()?;
+
+            Ok(PointerState {
+                xconn: self,
+                root,
+                child,
+                root_x,
+                root_y,
+                win_x,
+                win_y,
+                buttons,
+                modifiers,
+                group,
+                relative_to_window,
+            })
         }
     }
 
@@ -123,7 +144,8 @@ impl XConnection {
         &self,
         ic: ffi::XIC,
         key_event: &mut ffi::XKeyEvent,
-        buffer: &mut [u8],
+        buffer: *mut u8,
+        size: usize,
     ) -> (ffi::KeySym, ffi::Status, c_int) {
         let mut keysym: ffi::KeySym = 0;
         let mut status: ffi::Status = 0;
@@ -131,8 +153,8 @@ impl XConnection {
             (self.xlib.Xutf8LookupString)(
                 ic,
                 key_event,
-                buffer.as_mut_ptr() as *mut c_char,
-                buffer.len() as c_int,
+                buffer as *mut c_char,
+                size as c_int,
                 &mut keysym,
                 &mut status,
             )
@@ -141,21 +163,28 @@ impl XConnection {
     }
 
     pub fn lookup_utf8(&self, ic: ffi::XIC, key_event: &mut ffi::XKeyEvent) -> String {
-        let mut buffer: [u8; TEXT_BUFFER_SIZE] = unsafe { mem::uninitialized() };
-        let (_, status, count) = self.lookup_utf8_inner(ic, key_event, &mut buffer);
-        // The buffer overflowed, so we'll make a new one on the heap.
-        if status == ffi::XBufferOverflow {
-            let mut buffer = Vec::with_capacity(count as usize);
-            unsafe { buffer.set_len(count as usize) };
-            let (_, _, new_count) = self.lookup_utf8_inner(ic, key_event, &mut buffer);
+        // `assume_init` is safe here because the array consists of `MaybeUninit` values,
+        // which do not require initialization.
+        let mut buffer: [MaybeUninit<u8>; TEXT_BUFFER_SIZE] =
+            unsafe { MaybeUninit::uninit().assume_init() };
+        // If the buffer overflows, we'll make a new one on the heap.
+        let mut vec;
+
+        let (_, status, count) =
+            self.lookup_utf8_inner(ic, key_event, buffer.as_mut_ptr() as *mut u8, buffer.len());
+
+        let bytes = if status == ffi::XBufferOverflow {
+            vec = Vec::with_capacity(count as usize);
+            let (_, _, new_count) =
+                self.lookup_utf8_inner(ic, key_event, vec.as_mut_ptr(), vec.capacity());
             debug_assert_eq!(count, new_count);
-            str::from_utf8(&buffer[..count as usize])
-                .unwrap_or("")
-                .to_string()
+
+            unsafe { vec.set_len(count as usize) };
+            &vec[..count as usize]
         } else {
-            str::from_utf8(&buffer[..count as usize])
-                .unwrap_or("")
-                .to_string()
-        }
+            unsafe { slice::from_raw_parts(buffer.as_ptr() as *const u8, count as usize) }
+        };
+
+        str::from_utf8(bytes).unwrap_or("").to_string()
     }
 }

src/platform_impl/linux/x11/util/keys.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+use std::{iter::Enumerate, ptr, slice::Iter};
+
+use super::*;
+
+pub struct Keymap {
+    keys: [u8; 32],
+}
+
+pub struct KeymapIter<'a> {
+    iter: Enumerate<Iter<'a, u8>>,
+    index: usize,
+    item: Option<u8>,
+}
+
+impl Keymap {
+    pub fn iter(&self) -> KeymapIter<'_> {
+        KeymapIter {
+            iter: self.keys.iter().enumerate(),
+            index: 0,
+            item: None,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'a> IntoIterator for &'a Keymap {
+    type Item = ffi::KeyCode;
+    type IntoIter = KeymapIter<'a>;
+
+    fn into_iter(self) -> Self::IntoIter {
+        self.iter()
+    }
+}
+
+impl Iterator for KeymapIter<'_> {
+    type Item = ffi::KeyCode;
+
+    fn next(&mut self) -> Option<ffi::KeyCode> {
+        if self.item.is_none() {
+            while let Some((index, &item)) = self.iter.next() {
+                if item != 0 {
+                    self.index = index;
+                    self.item = Some(item);
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        self.item.take().map(|item| {
+            debug_assert!(item != 0);
+
+            let bit = first_bit(item);
+
+            if item != bit {
+                // Remove the first bit; save the rest for further iterations
+                self.item = Some(item ^ bit);
+            }
+
+            let shift = bit.trailing_zeros() + (self.index * 8) as u32;
+            shift as ffi::KeyCode
+        })
+    }
+}
+
+impl XConnection {
+    pub fn keycode_to_keysym(&self, keycode: ffi::KeyCode) -> ffi::KeySym {
+        unsafe { (self.xlib.XKeycodeToKeysym)(self.display, keycode, 0) }
+    }
+
+    pub fn lookup_keysym(&self, xkev: &mut ffi::XKeyEvent) -> ffi::KeySym {
+        let mut keysym = 0;
+
+        unsafe {
+            (self.xlib.XLookupString)(xkev, ptr::null_mut(), 0, &mut keysym, ptr::null_mut());
+        }
+
+        keysym
+    }
+
+    pub fn query_keymap(&self) -> Keymap {
+        let mut keys = [0; 32];
+
+        unsafe {
+            (self.xlib.XQueryKeymap)(self.display, keys.as_mut_ptr() as *mut c_char);
+        }
+
+        Keymap { keys }
+    }
+}
+
+fn first_bit(b: u8) -> u8 {
+    1 << b.trailing_zeros()
+}

src/platform_impl/linux/x11/util/mod.rs

@@ -3,12 +3,15 @@
 
 mod atom;
 mod client_msg;
+mod cursor;
 mod format;
 mod geometry;
 mod hint;
 mod icon;
 mod input;
+pub mod keys;
 mod memory;
+pub mod modifiers;
 mod randr;
 mod window_property;
 mod wm;
@@ -18,7 +21,12 @@ pub use self::{
     randr::*, window_property::*, wm::*,
 };
 
-use std::{mem, ops::BitAnd, os::raw::*, ptr};
+use std::{
+    mem::{self, MaybeUninit},
+    ops::BitAnd,
+    os::raw::*,
+    ptr,
+};
 
 use super::{ffi, XConnection, XError};
 

src/platform_impl/linux/x11/util/modifiers.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,187 @@
+use std::{collections::HashMap, slice};
+
+use super::*;
+
+use crate::event::{ElementState, ModifiersState};
+
+// Offsets within XModifierKeymap to each set of keycodes.
+// We are only interested in Shift, Control, Alt, and Logo.
+//
+// There are 8 sets total. The order of keycode sets is:
+//     Shift, Lock, Control, Mod1 (Alt), Mod2, Mod3, Mod4 (Logo), Mod5
+//
+// https://tronche.com/gui/x/xlib/input/XSetModifierMapping.html
+const SHIFT_OFFSET: usize = 0;
+const CONTROL_OFFSET: usize = 2;
+const ALT_OFFSET: usize = 3;
+const LOGO_OFFSET: usize = 6;
+const NUM_MODS: usize = 8;
+
+#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, Eq, PartialEq)]
+pub enum Modifier {
+    Alt,
+    Ctrl,
+    Shift,
+    Logo,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Default)]
+pub struct ModifierKeymap {
+    // Maps keycodes to modifiers
+    keys: HashMap<ffi::KeyCode, Modifier>,
+}
+
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, Default)]
+pub struct ModifierKeyState {
+    // Contains currently pressed modifier keys and their corresponding modifiers
+    keys: HashMap<ffi::KeyCode, Modifier>,
+    state: ModifiersState,
+}
+
+impl ModifierKeymap {
+    pub fn new() -> ModifierKeymap {
+        ModifierKeymap::default()
+    }
+
+    pub fn get_modifier(&self, keycode: ffi::KeyCode) -> Option<Modifier> {
+        self.keys.get(&keycode).cloned()
+    }
+
+    pub fn reset_from_x_connection(&mut self, xconn: &XConnection) {
+        unsafe {
+            let keymap = (xconn.xlib.XGetModifierMapping)(xconn.display);
+
+            if keymap.is_null() {
+                panic!("failed to allocate XModifierKeymap");
+            }
+
+            self.reset_from_x_keymap(&*keymap);
+
+            (xconn.xlib.XFreeModifiermap)(keymap);
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn reset_from_x_keymap(&mut self, keymap: &ffi::XModifierKeymap) {
+        let keys_per_mod = keymap.max_keypermod as usize;
+
+        let keys = unsafe {
+            slice::from_raw_parts(keymap.modifiermap as *const _, keys_per_mod * NUM_MODS)
+        };
+
+        self.keys.clear();
+
+        self.read_x_keys(keys, SHIFT_OFFSET, keys_per_mod, Modifier::Shift);
+        self.read_x_keys(keys, CONTROL_OFFSET, keys_per_mod, Modifier::Ctrl);
+        self.read_x_keys(keys, ALT_OFFSET, keys_per_mod, Modifier::Alt);
+        self.read_x_keys(keys, LOGO_OFFSET, keys_per_mod, Modifier::Logo);
+    }
+
+    fn read_x_keys(
+        &mut self,
+        keys: &[ffi::KeyCode],
+        offset: usize,
+        keys_per_mod: usize,
+        modifier: Modifier,
+    ) {
+        let start = offset * keys_per_mod;
+        let end = start + keys_per_mod;
+
+        for &keycode in &keys[start..end] {
+            if keycode != 0 {
+                self.keys.insert(keycode, modifier);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl ModifierKeyState {
+    pub fn update_keymap(&mut self, mods: &ModifierKeymap) {
+        self.keys.retain(|k, v| {
+            if let Some(m) = mods.get_modifier(*k) {
+                *v = m;
+                true
+            } else {
+                false
+            }
+        });
+
+        self.reset_state();
+    }
+
+    pub fn update_state(
+        &mut self,
+        state: &ModifiersState,
+        except: Option<Modifier>,
+    ) -> Option<ModifiersState> {
+        let mut new_state = *state;
+
+        match except {
+            Some(Modifier::Alt) => new_state.set(ModifiersState::ALT, self.state.alt()),
+            Some(Modifier::Ctrl) => new_state.set(ModifiersState::CTRL, self.state.ctrl()),
+            Some(Modifier::Shift) => new_state.set(ModifiersState::SHIFT, self.state.shift()),
+            Some(Modifier::Logo) => new_state.set(ModifiersState::LOGO, self.state.logo()),
+            None => (),
+        }
+
+        if self.state == new_state {
+            None
+        } else {
+            self.keys.retain(|_k, v| get_modifier(&new_state, *v));
+            self.state = new_state;
+            Some(new_state)
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn modifiers(&self) -> ModifiersState {
+        self.state
+    }
+
+    pub fn key_event(&mut self, state: ElementState, keycode: ffi::KeyCode, modifier: Modifier) {
+        match state {
+            ElementState::Pressed => self.key_press(keycode, modifier),
+            ElementState::Released => self.key_release(keycode),
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn key_press(&mut self, keycode: ffi::KeyCode, modifier: Modifier) {
+        self.keys.insert(keycode, modifier);
+
+        set_modifier(&mut self.state, modifier, true);
+    }
+
+    pub fn key_release(&mut self, keycode: ffi::KeyCode) {
+        if let Some(modifier) = self.keys.remove(&keycode) {
+            if self.keys.values().find(|&&m| m == modifier).is_none() {
+                set_modifier(&mut self.state, modifier, false);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn reset_state(&mut self) {
+        let mut new_state = ModifiersState::default();
+
+        for &m in self.keys.values() {
+            set_modifier(&mut new_state, m, true);
+        }
+
+        self.state = new_state;
+    }
+}
+
+fn get_modifier(state: &ModifiersState, modifier: Modifier) -> bool {
+    match modifier {
+        Modifier::Alt => state.alt(),
+        Modifier::Ctrl => state.ctrl(),
+        Modifier::Shift => state.shift(),
+        Modifier::Logo => state.logo(),
+    }
+}
+
+fn set_modifier(state: &mut ModifiersState, modifier: Modifier, value: bool) {
+    match modifier {
+        Modifier::Alt => state.set(ModifiersState::ALT, value),
+        Modifier::Ctrl => state.set(ModifiersState::CTRL, value),
+        Modifier::Shift => state.set(ModifiersState::SHIFT, value),
+        Modifier::Logo => state.set(ModifiersState::LOGO, value),
+    }
+}

src/platform_impl/linux/x11/util/randr.rs

@@ -1,26 +1,22 @@
 use std::{env, slice, str::FromStr};
 
-use super::*;
-use crate::{dpi::validate_hidpi_factor, monitor::VideoMode};
+use super::{
+    ffi::{CurrentTime, RRCrtc, RRMode, Success, XRRCrtcInfo, XRRScreenResources},
+    *,
+};
+use crate::{dpi::validate_hidpi_factor, platform_impl::platform::x11::VideoMode};
+
+/// Represents values of `WINIT_HIDPI_FACTOR`.
+pub enum EnvVarDPI {
+    Randr,
+    Scale(f64),
+    NotSet,
+}
 
 pub fn calc_dpi_factor(
     (width_px, height_px): (u32, u32),
     (width_mm, height_mm): (u64, u64),
 ) -> f64 {
-    // Override DPI if `WINIT_HIDPI_FACTOR` variable is set
-    let dpi_override = env::var("WINIT_HIDPI_FACTOR")
-        .ok()
-        .and_then(|var| f64::from_str(&var).ok());
-    if let Some(dpi_override) = dpi_override {
-        if !validate_hidpi_factor(dpi_override) {
-            panic!(
-                "`WINIT_HIDPI_FACTOR` invalid; DPI factors must be normal floats greater than 0. Got `{}`",
-                dpi_override,
-            );
-        }
-        return dpi_override;
-    }
-
     // See http://xpra.org/trac/ticket/728 for more information.
     if width_mm == 0 || height_mm == 0 {
         warn!("XRandR reported that the display's 0mm in size, which is certifiably insane");
@@ -34,47 +30,6 @@ pub fn calc_dpi_factor(
     dpi_factor
 }
 
-pub enum MonitorRepr {
-    Monitor(*mut ffi::XRRMonitorInfo),
-    Crtc(*mut ffi::XRRCrtcInfo),
-}
-
-impl MonitorRepr {
-    pub unsafe fn get_output(&self) -> ffi::RROutput {
-        match *self {
-            // Same member names, but different locations within the struct...
-            MonitorRepr::Monitor(monitor) => *((*monitor).outputs.offset(0)),
-            MonitorRepr::Crtc(crtc) => *((*crtc).outputs.offset(0)),
-        }
-    }
-
-    pub unsafe fn size(&self) -> (u32, u32) {
-        match *self {
-            MonitorRepr::Monitor(monitor) => ((*monitor).width as u32, (*monitor).height as u32),
-            MonitorRepr::Crtc(crtc) => ((*crtc).width as u32, (*crtc).height as u32),
-        }
-    }
-
-    pub unsafe fn position(&self) -> (i32, i32) {
-        match *self {
-            MonitorRepr::Monitor(monitor) => ((*monitor).x as i32, (*monitor).y as i32),
-            MonitorRepr::Crtc(crtc) => ((*crtc).x as i32, (*crtc).y as i32),
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-impl From<*mut ffi::XRRMonitorInfo> for MonitorRepr {
-    fn from(monitor: *mut ffi::XRRMonitorInfo) -> Self {
-        MonitorRepr::Monitor(monitor)
-    }
-}
-
-impl From<*mut ffi::XRRCrtcInfo> for MonitorRepr {
-    fn from(crtc: *mut ffi::XRRCrtcInfo) -> Self {
-        MonitorRepr::Crtc(crtc)
-    }
-}
-
 impl XConnection {
     // Retrieve DPI from Xft.dpi property
     pub unsafe fn get_xft_dpi(&self) -> Option<f64> {
@@ -96,11 +51,11 @@ impl XConnection {
     }
     pub unsafe fn get_output_info(
         &self,
-        resources: *mut ffi::XRRScreenResources,
-        repr: &MonitorRepr,
+        resources: *mut XRRScreenResources,
+        crtc: *mut XRRCrtcInfo,
     ) -> Option<(String, f64, Vec<VideoMode>)> {
         let output_info =
-            (self.xrandr.XRRGetOutputInfo)(self.display, resources, repr.get_output());
+            (self.xrandr.XRRGetOutputInfo)(self.display, resources, *(*crtc).outputs.offset(0));
         if output_info.is_null() {
             // When calling `XRRGetOutputInfo` on a virtual monitor (versus a physical display)
             // it's possible for it to return null.
@@ -132,27 +87,128 @@ impl XConnection {
                     size: (x.width, x.height),
                     refresh_rate: (refresh_rate as f32 / 1000.0).round() as u16,
                     bit_depth: bit_depth as u16,
+                    native_mode: x.id,
+                    // This is populated in `MonitorHandle::video_modes` as the
+                    // video mode is returned to the user
+                    monitor: None,
                 }
-            });
+            })
+            .collect();
 
         let name_slice = slice::from_raw_parts(
             (*output_info).name as *mut u8,
             (*output_info).nameLen as usize,
         );
         let name = String::from_utf8_lossy(name_slice).into();
-        let hidpi_factor = if let Some(dpi) = self.get_xft_dpi() {
-            dpi / 96.
-        } else {
-            calc_dpi_factor(
-                repr.size(),
+        // Override DPI if `WINIT_HIDPI_FACTOR` variable is set
+        let dpi_env = env::var("WINIT_HIDPI_FACTOR").ok().map_or_else(
+            || EnvVarDPI::NotSet,
+            |var| {
+                if var.to_lowercase() == "randr" {
+                    EnvVarDPI::Randr
+                } else if let Ok(dpi) = f64::from_str(&var) {
+                    EnvVarDPI::Scale(dpi)
+                } else if var.is_empty() {
+                    EnvVarDPI::NotSet
+                } else {
+                    panic!(
+                        "`WINIT_HIDPI_FACTOR` invalid; DPI factors must be either normal floats greater than 0, or `randr`. Got `{}`",
+                        var
+                    );
+                }
+            },
+        );
+
+        let hidpi_factor = match dpi_env {
+            EnvVarDPI::Randr => calc_dpi_factor(
+                ((*crtc).width as u32, (*crtc).height as u32),
                 (
                     (*output_info).mm_width as u64,
                     (*output_info).mm_height as u64,
                 ),
-            )
+            ),
+            EnvVarDPI::Scale(dpi_override) => {
+                if !validate_hidpi_factor(dpi_override) {
+                    panic!(
+                        "`WINIT_HIDPI_FACTOR` invalid; DPI factors must be either normal floats greater than 0, or `randr`. Got `{}`",
+                        dpi_override,
+                    );
+                }
+                dpi_override
+            }
+            EnvVarDPI::NotSet => {
+                if let Some(dpi) = self.get_xft_dpi() {
+                    dpi / 96.
+                } else {
+                    calc_dpi_factor(
+                        ((*crtc).width as u32, (*crtc).height as u32),
+                        (
+                            (*output_info).mm_width as u64,
+                            (*output_info).mm_height as u64,
+                        ),
+                    )
+                }
+            }
         };
 
         (self.xrandr.XRRFreeOutputInfo)(output_info);
-        Some((name, hidpi_factor, modes.collect()))
+        Some((name, hidpi_factor, modes))
+    }
+    pub fn set_crtc_config(&self, crtc_id: RRCrtc, mode_id: RRMode) -> Result<(), ()> {
+        unsafe {
+            let mut major = 0;
+            let mut minor = 0;
+            (self.xrandr.XRRQueryVersion)(self.display, &mut major, &mut minor);
+
+            let root = (self.xlib.XDefaultRootWindow)(self.display);
+            let resources = if (major == 1 && minor >= 3) || major > 1 {
+                (self.xrandr.XRRGetScreenResourcesCurrent)(self.display, root)
+            } else {
+                (self.xrandr.XRRGetScreenResources)(self.display, root)
+            };
+
+            let crtc = (self.xrandr.XRRGetCrtcInfo)(self.display, resources, crtc_id);
+            let status = (self.xrandr.XRRSetCrtcConfig)(
+                self.display,
+                resources,
+                crtc_id,
+                CurrentTime,
+                (*crtc).x,
+                (*crtc).y,
+                mode_id,
+                (*crtc).rotation,
+                (*crtc).outputs.offset(0),
+                1,
+            );
+
+            (self.xrandr.XRRFreeCrtcInfo)(crtc);
+            (self.xrandr.XRRFreeScreenResources)(resources);
+
+            if status == Success as i32 {
+                Ok(())
+            } else {
+                Err(())
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    pub fn get_crtc_mode(&self, crtc_id: RRCrtc) -> RRMode {
+        unsafe {
+            let mut major = 0;
+            let mut minor = 0;
+            (self.xrandr.XRRQueryVersion)(self.display, &mut major, &mut minor);
+
+            let root = (self.xlib.XDefaultRootWindow)(self.display);
+            let resources = if (major == 1 && minor >= 3) || major > 1 {
+                (self.xrandr.XRRGetScreenResourcesCurrent)(self.display, root)
+            } else {
+                (self.xrandr.XRRGetScreenResources)(self.display, root)
+            };
+
+            let crtc = (self.xrandr.XRRGetCrtcInfo)(self.display, resources, crtc_id);
+            let mode = (*crtc).mode;
+            (self.xrandr.XRRFreeCrtcInfo)(crtc);
+            (self.xrandr.XRRFreeScreenResources)(resources);
+            mode
+        }
     }
 }

src/platform_impl/linux/x11/util/window_property.rs

@@ -43,13 +43,14 @@ impl XConnection {
         let mut offset = 0;
 
         let mut done = false;
+        let mut actual_type = 0;
+        let mut actual_format = 0;
+        let mut quantity_returned = 0;
+        let mut bytes_after = 0;
+        let mut buf: *mut c_uchar = ptr::null_mut();
+
         while !done {
             unsafe {
-                let mut actual_type: ffi::Atom = mem::uninitialized();
-                let mut actual_format: c_int = mem::uninitialized();
-                let mut quantity_returned: c_ulong = mem::uninitialized();
-                let mut bytes_after: c_ulong = mem::uninitialized();
-                let mut buf: *mut c_uchar = ptr::null_mut();
                 (self.xlib.XGetWindowProperty)(
                     self.display,
                     window,

src/platform_impl/linux/x11/window.rs

@@ -1,4 +1,15 @@
-use std::{cmp, collections::HashSet, env, ffi::CString, mem, os::raw::*, path::Path, sync::Arc};
+use raw_window_handle::unix::XlibHandle;
+use std::{
+    cmp,
+    collections::HashSet,
+    env,
+    ffi::CString,
+    mem::{self, replace, MaybeUninit},
+    os::raw::*,
+    path::Path,
+    ptr, slice,
+    sync::Arc,
+};
 
 use libc;
 use parking_lot::Mutex;
@@ -6,49 +17,73 @@ use parking_lot::Mutex;
 use crate::{
     dpi::{LogicalPosition, LogicalSize},
     error::{ExternalError, NotSupportedError, OsError as RootOsError},
-    monitor::MonitorHandle as RootMonitorHandle,
+    monitor::{MonitorHandle as RootMonitorHandle, VideoMode as RootVideoMode},
     platform_impl::{
         x11::{ime::ImeContextCreationError, MonitorHandle as X11MonitorHandle},
         MonitorHandle as PlatformMonitorHandle, OsError, PlatformSpecificWindowBuilderAttributes,
+        VideoMode as PlatformVideoMode,
     },
-    window::{CursorIcon, Icon, WindowAttributes},
+    window::{CursorIcon, Fullscreen, Icon, WindowAttributes},
 };
 
 use super::{ffi, util, EventLoopWindowTarget, ImeSender, WindowId, XConnection, XError};
 
-unsafe extern "C" fn visibility_predicate(
-    _display: *mut ffi::Display,
-    event: *mut ffi::XEvent,
-    arg: ffi::XPointer, // We populate this with the window ID (by value) when we call XIfEvent
-) -> ffi::Bool {
-    let event: &ffi::XAnyEvent = (*event).as_ref();
-    let window = arg as ffi::Window;
-    (event.window == window && event.type_ == ffi::VisibilityNotify) as _
-}
-
-#[derive(Debug, Default)]
+#[derive(Debug)]
 pub struct SharedState {
     pub cursor_pos: Option<(f64, f64)>,
     pub size: Option<(u32, u32)>,
     pub position: Option<(i32, i32)>,
     pub inner_position: Option<(i32, i32)>,
     pub inner_position_rel_parent: Option<(i32, i32)>,
-    pub guessed_dpi: Option<f64>,
-    pub last_monitor: Option<X11MonitorHandle>,
+    pub last_monitor: X11MonitorHandle,
     pub dpi_adjusted: Option<(f64, f64)>,
-    pub fullscreen: Option<RootMonitorHandle>,
-    // Used to restore position after exiting fullscreen.
+    pub fullscreen: Option<Fullscreen>,
+    // Set when application calls `set_fullscreen` when window is not visible
+    pub desired_fullscreen: Option<Option<Fullscreen>>,
+    // Used to restore position after exiting fullscreen
     pub restore_position: Option<(i32, i32)>,
+    // Used to restore video mode after exiting fullscreen
+    pub desktop_video_mode: Option<(ffi::RRCrtc, ffi::RRMode)>,
     pub frame_extents: Option<util::FrameExtentsHeuristic>,
     pub min_inner_size: Option<LogicalSize>,
     pub max_inner_size: Option<LogicalSize>,
+    pub visibility: Visibility,
+}
+
+#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, Eq, PartialEq)]
+pub enum Visibility {
+    No,
+    Yes,
+    // Waiting for VisibilityNotify
+    YesWait,
 }
 
 impl SharedState {
-    fn new(dpi_factor: f64) -> Mutex<Self> {
-        let mut shared_state = SharedState::default();
-        shared_state.guessed_dpi = Some(dpi_factor);
-        Mutex::new(shared_state)
+    fn new(last_monitor: X11MonitorHandle, is_visible: bool) -> Mutex<Self> {
+        let visibility = if is_visible {
+            Visibility::YesWait
+        } else {
+            Visibility::No
+        };
+
+        Mutex::new(SharedState {
+            last_monitor,
+            visibility,
+
+            cursor_pos: None,
+            size: None,
+            position: None,
+            inner_position: None,
+            inner_position_rel_parent: None,
+            dpi_adjusted: None,
+            fullscreen: None,
+            desired_fullscreen: None,
+            restore_position: None,
+            desktop_video_mode: None,
+            frame_extents: None,
+            min_inner_size: None,
+            max_inner_size: None,
+        })
     }
 }
 
@@ -77,34 +112,27 @@ impl UnownedWindow {
         let xconn = &event_loop.xconn;
         let root = event_loop.root;
 
-        let monitors = xconn.available_monitors();
-        let dpi_factor = if !monitors.is_empty() {
-            let mut dpi_factor = Some(monitors[0].hidpi_factor());
-            for monitor in &monitors {
-                if Some(monitor.hidpi_factor()) != dpi_factor {
-                    dpi_factor = None;
-                }
-            }
-            dpi_factor.unwrap_or_else(|| {
-                xconn
-                    .query_pointer(root, util::VIRTUAL_CORE_POINTER)
-                    .ok()
-                    .and_then(|pointer_state| {
-                        let (x, y) = (pointer_state.root_x as i64, pointer_state.root_y as i64);
-                        let mut dpi_factor = None;
-                        for monitor in &monitors {
-                            if monitor.rect.contains_point(x, y) {
-                                dpi_factor = Some(monitor.hidpi_factor());
-                                break;
-                            }
-                        }
-                        dpi_factor
-                    })
-                    .unwrap_or(1.0)
-            })
+        let mut monitors = xconn.available_monitors();
+        let guessed_monitor = if monitors.is_empty() {
+            X11MonitorHandle::dummy()
         } else {
-            return Err(os_error!(OsError::XMisc("No monitors were detected.")));
+            xconn
+                .query_pointer(root, util::VIRTUAL_CORE_POINTER)
+                .ok()
+                .and_then(|pointer_state| {
+                    let (x, y) = (pointer_state.root_x as i64, pointer_state.root_y as i64);
+
+                    for i in 0..monitors.len() {
+                        if monitors[i].rect.contains_point(x, y) {
+                            return Some(monitors.swap_remove(i));
+                        }
+                    }
+
+                    None
+                })
+                .unwrap_or_else(|| monitors.swap_remove(0))
         };
+        let dpi_factor = guessed_monitor.hidpi_factor();
 
         info!("Guessed window DPI factor: {}", dpi_factor);
 
@@ -216,7 +244,7 @@ impl UnownedWindow {
             cursor_grabbed: Mutex::new(false),
             cursor_visible: Mutex::new(true),
             ime_sender: Mutex::new(event_loop.ime_sender.clone()),
-            shared_state: SharedState::new(dpi_factor),
+            shared_state: SharedState::new(guessed_monitor, window_attrs.visible),
             pending_redraws: event_loop.pending_redraws.clone(),
         };
 
@@ -282,9 +310,7 @@ impl UnownedWindow {
 
             window.set_pid().map(|flusher| flusher.queue());
 
-            if pl_attribs.x11_window_type != Default::default() {
-                window.set_window_type(pl_attribs.x11_window_type).queue();
-            }
+            window.set_window_types(pl_attribs.x11_window_types).queue();
 
             if let Some(variant) = pl_attribs.gtk_theme_variant {
                 window.set_gtk_theme_variant(variant).queue();
@@ -398,34 +424,13 @@ impl UnownedWindow {
             if window_attrs.fullscreen.is_some() {
                 window
                     .set_fullscreen_inner(window_attrs.fullscreen.clone())
-                    .queue();
+                    .map(|flusher| flusher.queue());
             }
             if window_attrs.always_on_top {
                 window
                     .set_always_on_top_inner(window_attrs.always_on_top)
                     .queue();
             }
-
-            if window_attrs.visible {
-                unsafe {
-                    // XSetInputFocus generates an error if the window is not visible, so we wait
-                    // until we receive VisibilityNotify.
-                    let mut event = mem::uninitialized();
-                    (xconn.xlib.XIfEvent)(
-                        // This will flush the request buffer IF it blocks.
-                        xconn.display,
-                        &mut event as *mut ffi::XEvent,
-                        Some(visibility_predicate),
-                        window.xwindow as _,
-                    );
-                    (xconn.xlib.XSetInputFocus)(
-                        xconn.display,
-                        window.xwindow,
-                        ffi::RevertToParent,
-                        ffi::CurrentTime,
-                    );
-                }
-            }
         }
 
         // We never want to give the user a broken window, since by then, it's too late to handle.
@@ -449,19 +454,22 @@ impl UnownedWindow {
         let pid_atom = unsafe { self.xconn.get_atom_unchecked(b"_NET_WM_PID\0") };
         let client_machine_atom = unsafe { self.xconn.get_atom_unchecked(b"WM_CLIENT_MACHINE\0") };
         unsafe {
-            let (hostname, hostname_length) = {
-                // 64 would suffice for Linux, but 256 will be enough everywhere (as per SUSv2). For instance, this is
-                // the limit defined by OpenBSD.
-                const MAXHOSTNAMELEN: usize = 256;
-                let mut hostname: [c_char; MAXHOSTNAMELEN] = mem::uninitialized();
-                let status = libc::gethostname(hostname.as_mut_ptr(), hostname.len());
-                if status != 0 {
-                    return None;
-                }
-                hostname[MAXHOSTNAMELEN - 1] = '\0' as c_char; // a little extra safety
-                let hostname_length = libc::strlen(hostname.as_ptr());
-                (hostname, hostname_length as usize)
-            };
+            // 64 would suffice for Linux, but 256 will be enough everywhere (as per SUSv2). For instance, this is
+            // the limit defined by OpenBSD.
+            const MAXHOSTNAMELEN: usize = 256;
+            // `assume_init` is safe here because the array consists of `MaybeUninit` values,
+            // which do not require initialization.
+            let mut buffer: [MaybeUninit<c_char>; MAXHOSTNAMELEN] =
+                MaybeUninit::uninit().assume_init();
+            let status = libc::gethostname(buffer.as_mut_ptr() as *mut c_char, buffer.len());
+            if status != 0 {
+                return None;
+            }
+            ptr::write(buffer[MAXHOSTNAMELEN - 1].as_mut_ptr() as *mut u8, b'\0'); // a little extra safety
+            let hostname_length = libc::strlen(buffer.as_ptr() as *const c_char);
+
+            let hostname = slice::from_raw_parts(buffer.as_ptr() as *const c_char, hostname_length);
+
             self.xconn
                 .change_property(
                     self.xwindow,
@@ -482,15 +490,19 @@ impl UnownedWindow {
         }
     }
 
-    fn set_window_type(&self, window_type: util::WindowType) -> util::Flusher<'_> {
+    fn set_window_types(&self, window_types: Vec<util::WindowType>) -> util::Flusher<'_> {
         let hint_atom = unsafe { self.xconn.get_atom_unchecked(b"_NET_WM_WINDOW_TYPE\0") };
-        let window_type_atom = window_type.as_atom(&self.xconn);
+        let atoms: Vec<_> = window_types
+            .iter()
+            .map(|t| t.as_atom(&self.xconn))
+            .collect();
+
         self.xconn.change_property(
             self.xwindow,
             hint_atom,
             ffi::XA_ATOM,
             util::PropMode::Replace,
-            &[window_type_atom],
+            &atoms,
         )
     }
 
@@ -548,64 +560,185 @@ impl UnownedWindow {
     fn set_fullscreen_hint(&self, fullscreen: bool) -> util::Flusher<'_> {
         let fullscreen_atom =
             unsafe { self.xconn.get_atom_unchecked(b"_NET_WM_STATE_FULLSCREEN\0") };
-        self.set_netwm(fullscreen.into(), (fullscreen_atom as c_long, 0, 0, 0))
+        let flusher = self.set_netwm(fullscreen.into(), (fullscreen_atom as c_long, 0, 0, 0));
+
+        if fullscreen {
+            // Ensure that the fullscreen window receives input focus to prevent
+            // locking up the user's display.
+            unsafe {
+                (self.xconn.xlib.XSetInputFocus)(
+                    self.xconn.display,
+                    self.xwindow,
+                    ffi::RevertToParent,
+                    ffi::CurrentTime,
+                );
+            }
+        }
+
+        flusher
     }
 
-    fn set_fullscreen_inner(&self, monitor: Option<RootMonitorHandle>) -> util::Flusher<'_> {
-        match monitor {
+    fn set_fullscreen_inner(&self, fullscreen: Option<Fullscreen>) -> Option<util::Flusher<'_>> {
+        let mut shared_state_lock = self.shared_state.lock();
+
+        match shared_state_lock.visibility {
+            // Setting fullscreen on a window that is not visible will generate an error.
+            Visibility::No | Visibility::YesWait => {
+                shared_state_lock.desired_fullscreen = Some(fullscreen);
+                return None;
+            }
+            Visibility::Yes => (),
+        }
+
+        let old_fullscreen = shared_state_lock.fullscreen.clone();
+        if old_fullscreen == fullscreen {
+            return None;
+        }
+        shared_state_lock.fullscreen = fullscreen.clone();
+
+        match (&old_fullscreen, &fullscreen) {
+            // Store the desktop video mode before entering exclusive
+            // fullscreen, so we can restore it upon exit, as XRandR does not
+            // provide a mechanism to set this per app-session or restore this
+            // to the desktop video mode as macOS and Windows do
+            (
+                &None,
+                &Some(Fullscreen::Exclusive(RootVideoMode {
+                    video_mode: PlatformVideoMode::X(ref video_mode),
+                })),
+            )
+            | (
+                &Some(Fullscreen::Borderless(_)),
+                &Some(Fullscreen::Exclusive(RootVideoMode {
+                    video_mode: PlatformVideoMode::X(ref video_mode),
+                })),
+            ) => {
+                let monitor = video_mode.monitor.as_ref().unwrap();
+                shared_state_lock.desktop_video_mode =
+                    Some((monitor.id, self.xconn.get_crtc_mode(monitor.id)));
+            }
+            // Restore desktop video mode upon exiting exclusive fullscreen
+            (&Some(Fullscreen::Exclusive(_)), &None)
+            | (&Some(Fullscreen::Exclusive(_)), &Some(Fullscreen::Borderless(_))) => {
+                let (monitor_id, mode_id) = shared_state_lock.desktop_video_mode.take().unwrap();
+                self.xconn
+                    .set_crtc_config(monitor_id, mode_id)
+                    .expect("failed to restore desktop video mode");
+            }
+            _ => (),
+        }
+
+        drop(shared_state_lock);
+
+        match fullscreen {
             None => {
                 let flusher = self.set_fullscreen_hint(false);
-                if let Some(position) = self.shared_state.lock().restore_position.take() {
+                let mut shared_state_lock = self.shared_state.lock();
+                if let Some(position) = shared_state_lock.restore_position.take() {
                     self.set_position_inner(position.0, position.1).queue();
                 }
-                flusher
+                Some(flusher)
             }
-            Some(RootMonitorHandle {
-                inner: PlatformMonitorHandle::X(monitor),
-            }) => {
+            Some(fullscreen) => {
+                let (video_mode, monitor) = match fullscreen {
+                    Fullscreen::Exclusive(RootVideoMode {
+                        video_mode: PlatformVideoMode::X(ref video_mode),
+                    }) => (Some(video_mode), video_mode.monitor.as_ref().unwrap()),
+                    Fullscreen::Borderless(RootMonitorHandle {
+                        inner: PlatformMonitorHandle::X(ref monitor),
+                    }) => (None, monitor),
+                    _ => unreachable!(),
+                };
+
+                // Don't set fullscreen on an invalid dummy monitor handle
+                if monitor.is_dummy() {
+                    return None;
+                }
+
+                if let Some(video_mode) = video_mode {
+                    // FIXME: this is actually not correct if we're setting the
+                    // video mode to a resolution higher than the current
+                    // desktop resolution, because XRandR does not automatically
+                    // reposition the monitors to the right and below this
+                    // monitor.
+                    //
+                    // What ends up happening is we will get the fullscreen
+                    // window showing up on those monitors as well, because
+                    // their virtual position now overlaps with the monitor that
+                    // we just made larger..
+                    //
+                    // It'd be quite a bit of work to handle this correctly (and
+                    // nobody else seems to bother doing this correctly either),
+                    // so we're just leaving this broken. Fixing this would
+                    // involve storing all CRTCs upon entering fullscreen,
+                    // restoring them upon exit, and after entering fullscreen,
+                    // repositioning displays to the right and below this
+                    // display. I think there would still be edge cases that are
+                    // difficult or impossible to handle correctly, e.g. what if
+                    // a new monitor was plugged in while in fullscreen?
+                    //
+                    // I think we might just want to disallow setting the video
+                    // mode higher than the current desktop video mode (I'm sure
+                    // this will make someone unhappy, but it's very unusual for
+                    // games to want to do this anyway).
+                    self.xconn
+                        .set_crtc_config(monitor.id, video_mode.native_mode)
+                        .expect("failed to set video mode");
+                }
+
                 let window_position = self.outer_position_physical();
                 self.shared_state.lock().restore_position = Some(window_position);
                 let monitor_origin: (i32, i32) = monitor.position().into();
                 self.set_position_inner(monitor_origin.0, monitor_origin.1)
                     .queue();
-                self.set_fullscreen_hint(true)
+                Some(self.set_fullscreen_hint(true))
             }
-            _ => unreachable!(),
         }
     }
 
     #[inline]
-    pub fn fullscreen(&self) -> Option<RootMonitorHandle> {
-        self.shared_state.lock().fullscreen.clone()
+    pub fn fullscreen(&self) -> Option<Fullscreen> {
+        let shared_state = self.shared_state.lock();
+
+        shared_state
+            .desired_fullscreen
+            .clone()
+            .unwrap_or_else(|| shared_state.fullscreen.clone())
     }
 
     #[inline]
-    pub fn set_fullscreen(&self, monitor: Option<RootMonitorHandle>) {
-        self.shared_state.lock().fullscreen = monitor.clone();
-        self.set_fullscreen_inner(monitor)
-            .flush()
-            .expect("Failed to change window fullscreen state");
-        self.invalidate_cached_frame_extents();
+    pub fn set_fullscreen(&self, fullscreen: Option<Fullscreen>) {
+        if let Some(flusher) = self.set_fullscreen_inner(fullscreen) {
+            flusher
+                .sync()
+                .expect("Failed to change window fullscreen state");
+            self.invalidate_cached_frame_extents();
+        }
     }
 
-    fn get_rect(&self) -> util::AaRect {
-        // TODO: This might round-trip more times than needed.
-        let position = self.outer_position_physical();
-        let size = self.outer_size_physical();
-        util::AaRect::new(position, size)
+    // Called by EventProcessor when a VisibilityNotify event is received
+    pub(crate) fn visibility_notify(&self) {
+        let mut shared_state = self.shared_state.lock();
+
+        match shared_state.visibility {
+            Visibility::No => unsafe {
+                (self.xconn.xlib.XUnmapWindow)(self.xconn.display, self.xwindow);
+            },
+            Visibility::Yes => (),
+            Visibility::YesWait => {
+                shared_state.visibility = Visibility::Yes;
+
+                if let Some(fullscreen) = shared_state.desired_fullscreen.take() {
+                    drop(shared_state);
+                    self.set_fullscreen(fullscreen);
+                }
+            }
+        }
     }
 
     #[inline]
     pub fn current_monitor(&self) -> X11MonitorHandle {
-        let monitor = self.shared_state.lock().last_monitor.as_ref().cloned();
-        monitor.unwrap_or_else(|| {
-            let monitor = self
-                .xconn
-                .get_monitor_for_window(Some(self.get_rect()))
-                .to_owned();
-            self.shared_state.lock().last_monitor = Some(monitor.clone());
-            monitor
-        })
+        self.shared_state.lock().last_monitor.clone()
     }
 
     pub fn available_monitors(&self) -> Vec<X11MonitorHandle> {
@@ -616,6 +749,35 @@ impl UnownedWindow {
         self.xconn.primary_monitor()
     }
 
+    fn set_minimized_inner(&self, minimized: bool) -> util::Flusher<'_> {
+        unsafe {
+            if minimized {
+                let screen = (self.xconn.xlib.XDefaultScreen)(self.xconn.display);
+
+                (self.xconn.xlib.XIconifyWindow)(self.xconn.display, self.xwindow, screen);
+
+                util::Flusher::new(&self.xconn)
+            } else {
+                let atom = self.xconn.get_atom_unchecked(b"_NET_ACTIVE_WINDOW\0");
+
+                self.xconn.send_client_msg(
+                    self.xwindow,
+                    self.root,
+                    atom,
+                    Some(ffi::SubstructureRedirectMask | ffi::SubstructureNotifyMask),
+                    [1, ffi::CurrentTime as c_long, 0, 0, 0],
+                )
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn set_minimized(&self, minimized: bool) {
+        self.set_minimized_inner(minimized)
+            .flush()
+            .expect("Failed to change window minimization");
+    }
+
     fn set_maximized_inner(&self, maximized: bool) -> util::Flusher<'_> {
         let horz_atom = unsafe {
             self.xconn
@@ -738,19 +900,31 @@ impl UnownedWindow {
 
     #[inline]
     pub fn set_visible(&self, visible: bool) {
-        match visible {
-            true => unsafe {
+        let mut shared_state = self.shared_state.lock();
+
+        match (visible, shared_state.visibility) {
+            (true, Visibility::Yes) | (true, Visibility::YesWait) | (false, Visibility::No) => {
+                return
+            }
+            _ => (),
+        }
+
+        if visible {
+            unsafe {
                 (self.xconn.xlib.XMapRaised)(self.xconn.display, self.xwindow);
-                self.xconn
-                    .flush_requests()
-                    .expect("Failed to call XMapRaised");
-            },
-            false => unsafe {
+            }
+            self.xconn
+                .flush_requests()
+                .expect("Failed to call XMapRaised");
+            shared_state.visibility = Visibility::YesWait;
+        } else {
+            unsafe {
                 (self.xconn.xlib.XUnmapWindow)(self.xconn.display, self.xwindow);
-                self.xconn
-                    .flush_requests()
-                    .expect("Failed to call XUnmapWindow");
-            },
+            }
+            self.xconn
+                .flush_requests()
+                .expect("Failed to call XUnmapWindow");
+            shared_state.visibility = Visibility::No;
         }
     }
 
@@ -847,17 +1021,6 @@ impl UnownedWindow {
         self.logicalize_size(self.inner_size_physical())
     }
 
-    pub(crate) fn outer_size_physical(&self) -> (u32, u32) {
-        let extents = self.shared_state.lock().frame_extents.clone();
-        if let Some(extents) = extents {
-            let (w, h) = self.inner_size_physical();
-            extents.inner_size_to_outer(w, h)
-        } else {
-            self.update_cached_frame_extents();
-            self.outer_size_physical()
-        }
-    }
-
     #[inline]
     pub fn outer_size(&self) -> LogicalSize {
         let extents = self.shared_state.lock().frame_extents.clone();
@@ -1025,131 +1188,14 @@ impl UnownedWindow {
         unsafe { (self.xconn.xlib_xcb.XGetXCBConnection)(self.xconn.display) as *mut _ }
     }
 
-    fn load_cursor(&self, name: &[u8]) -> ffi::Cursor {
-        unsafe {
-            (self.xconn.xcursor.XcursorLibraryLoadCursor)(
-                self.xconn.display,
-                name.as_ptr() as *const c_char,
-            )
-        }
-    }
-
-    fn load_first_existing_cursor(&self, names: &[&[u8]]) -> ffi::Cursor {
-        for name in names.iter() {
-            let xcursor = self.load_cursor(name);
-            if xcursor != 0 {
-                return xcursor;
-            }
-        }
-        0
-    }
-
-    fn get_cursor(&self, cursor: CursorIcon) -> ffi::Cursor {
-        let load = |name: &[u8]| self.load_cursor(name);
-
-        let loadn = |names: &[&[u8]]| self.load_first_existing_cursor(names);
-
-        // Try multiple names in some cases where the name
-        // differs on the desktop environments or themes.
-        //
-        // Try the better looking (or more suiting) names first.
-        match cursor {
-            CursorIcon::Alias => load(b"link\0"),
-            CursorIcon::Arrow => load(b"arrow\0"),
-            CursorIcon::Cell => load(b"plus\0"),
-            CursorIcon::Copy => load(b"copy\0"),
-            CursorIcon::Crosshair => load(b"crosshair\0"),
-            CursorIcon::Default => load(b"left_ptr\0"),
-            CursorIcon::Hand => loadn(&[b"hand2\0", b"hand1\0"]),
-            CursorIcon::Help => load(b"question_arrow\0"),
-            CursorIcon::Move => load(b"move\0"),
-            CursorIcon::Grab => loadn(&[b"openhand\0", b"grab\0"]),
-            CursorIcon::Grabbing => loadn(&[b"closedhand\0", b"grabbing\0"]),
-            CursorIcon::Progress => load(b"left_ptr_watch\0"),
-            CursorIcon::AllScroll => load(b"all-scroll\0"),
-            CursorIcon::ContextMenu => load(b"context-menu\0"),
-
-            CursorIcon::NoDrop => loadn(&[b"no-drop\0", b"circle\0"]),
-            CursorIcon::NotAllowed => load(b"crossed_circle\0"),
-
-            // Resize cursors
-            CursorIcon::EResize => load(b"right_side\0"),
-            CursorIcon::NResize => load(b"top_side\0"),
-            CursorIcon::NeResize => load(b"top_right_corner\0"),
-            CursorIcon::NwResize => load(b"top_left_corner\0"),
-            CursorIcon::SResize => load(b"bottom_side\0"),
-            CursorIcon::SeResize => load(b"bottom_right_corner\0"),
-            CursorIcon::SwResize => load(b"bottom_left_corner\0"),
-            CursorIcon::WResize => load(b"left_side\0"),
-            CursorIcon::EwResize => load(b"h_double_arrow\0"),
-            CursorIcon::NsResize => load(b"v_double_arrow\0"),
-            CursorIcon::NwseResize => loadn(&[b"bd_double_arrow\0", b"size_bdiag\0"]),
-            CursorIcon::NeswResize => loadn(&[b"fd_double_arrow\0", b"size_fdiag\0"]),
-            CursorIcon::ColResize => loadn(&[b"split_h\0", b"h_double_arrow\0"]),
-            CursorIcon::RowResize => loadn(&[b"split_v\0", b"v_double_arrow\0"]),
-
-            CursorIcon::Text => loadn(&[b"text\0", b"xterm\0"]),
-            CursorIcon::VerticalText => load(b"vertical-text\0"),
-
-            CursorIcon::Wait => load(b"watch\0"),
-
-            CursorIcon::ZoomIn => load(b"zoom-in\0"),
-            CursorIcon::ZoomOut => load(b"zoom-out\0"),
-        }
-    }
-
-    fn update_cursor(&self, cursor: ffi::Cursor) {
-        unsafe {
-            (self.xconn.xlib.XDefineCursor)(self.xconn.display, self.xwindow, cursor);
-            if cursor != 0 {
-                (self.xconn.xlib.XFreeCursor)(self.xconn.display, cursor);
-            }
-            self.xconn
-                .flush_requests()
-                .expect("Failed to set or free the cursor");
-        }
-    }
-
     #[inline]
     pub fn set_cursor_icon(&self, cursor: CursorIcon) {
-        *self.cursor.lock() = cursor;
-        if *self.cursor_visible.lock() {
-            self.update_cursor(self.get_cursor(cursor));
+        let old_cursor = replace(&mut *self.cursor.lock(), cursor);
+        if cursor != old_cursor && *self.cursor_visible.lock() {
+            self.xconn.set_cursor_icon(self.xwindow, Some(cursor));
         }
     }
 
-    // TODO: This could maybe be cached. I don't think it's worth
-    // the complexity, since cursor changes are not so common,
-    // and this is just allocating a 1x1 pixmap...
-    fn create_empty_cursor(&self) -> Option<ffi::Cursor> {
-        let data = 0;
-        let pixmap = unsafe {
-            (self.xconn.xlib.XCreateBitmapFromData)(self.xconn.display, self.xwindow, &data, 1, 1)
-        };
-        if pixmap == 0 {
-            // Failed to allocate
-            return None;
-        }
-
-        let cursor = unsafe {
-            // We don't care about this color, since it only fills bytes
-            // in the pixmap which are not 0 in the mask.
-            let dummy_color: ffi::XColor = mem::uninitialized();
-            let cursor = (self.xconn.xlib.XCreatePixmapCursor)(
-                self.xconn.display,
-                pixmap,
-                pixmap,
-                &dummy_color as *const _ as *mut _,
-                &dummy_color as *const _ as *mut _,
-                0,
-                0,
-            );
-            (self.xconn.xlib.XFreePixmap)(self.xconn.display, pixmap);
-            cursor
-        };
-        Some(cursor)
-    }
-
     #[inline]
     pub fn set_cursor_grab(&self, grab: bool) -> Result<(), ExternalError> {
         let mut grabbed_lock = self.cursor_grabbed.lock();
@@ -1219,14 +1265,13 @@ impl UnownedWindow {
             return;
         }
         let cursor = if visible {
-            self.get_cursor(*self.cursor.lock())
+            Some(*self.cursor.lock())
         } else {
-            self.create_empty_cursor()
-                .expect("Failed to create empty cursor")
+            None
         };
         *visible_lock = visible;
         drop(visible_lock);
-        self.update_cursor(cursor);
+        self.xconn.set_cursor_icon(self.xwindow, cursor);
     }
 
     #[inline]
@@ -1277,4 +1322,13 @@ impl UnownedWindow {
             .unwrap()
             .insert(WindowId(self.xwindow));
     }
+
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn raw_window_handle(&self) -> XlibHandle {
+        XlibHandle {
+            window: self.xwindow,
+            display: self.xconn.display as _,
+            ..XlibHandle::empty()
+        }
+    }
 }

src/platform_impl/linux/x11/xdisplay.rs

@@ -1,8 +1,10 @@
-use std::{error::Error, fmt, os::raw::c_int, ptr};
+use std::{collections::HashMap, error::Error, fmt, os::raw::c_int, ptr};
 
 use libc;
 use parking_lot::Mutex;
 
+use crate::window::CursorIcon;
+
 use super::ffi;
 
 /// A connection to an X server.
@@ -19,6 +21,7 @@ pub struct XConnection {
     pub display: *mut ffi::Display,
     pub x11_fd: c_int,
     pub latest_error: Mutex<Option<XError>>,
+    pub cursor_cache: Mutex<HashMap<Option<CursorIcon>, ffi::Cursor>>,
 }
 
 unsafe impl Send for XConnection {}
@@ -64,6 +67,7 @@ impl XConnection {
             display,
             x11_fd: fd,
             latest_error: Mutex::new(None),
+            cursor_cache: Default::default(),
         })
     }
 

src/platform_impl/macos/app_state.rs

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ use std::{
     fmt::{self, Debug},
     hint::unreachable_unchecked,
     mem,
+    rc::Rc,
     sync::{
         atomic::{AtomicBool, Ordering},
         Mutex, MutexGuard,
@@ -10,14 +11,19 @@ use std::{
     time::Instant,
 };
 
-use cocoa::{appkit::NSApp, base::nil};
+use cocoa::{
+    appkit::NSApp,
+    base::nil,
+    foundation::{NSAutoreleasePool, NSString},
+};
 
 use crate::{
-    event::{Event, StartCause, WindowEvent},
+    event::{Event, StartCause},
     event_loop::{ControlFlow, EventLoopWindowTarget as RootWindowTarget},
     platform_impl::platform::{observer::EventLoopWaker, util::Never},
     window::WindowId,
 };
+use objc::runtime::Object;
 
 lazy_static! {
     static ref HANDLER: Handler = Default::default();
@@ -37,13 +43,13 @@ pub trait EventHandler: Debug {
     fn handle_user_events(&mut self, control_flow: &mut ControlFlow);
 }
 
-struct EventLoopHandler<F, T: 'static> {
-    callback: F,
+struct EventLoopHandler<T: 'static> {
+    callback: Box<dyn FnMut(Event<T>, &RootWindowTarget<T>, &mut ControlFlow)>,
     will_exit: bool,
-    window_target: RootWindowTarget<T>,
+    window_target: Rc<RootWindowTarget<T>>,
 }
 
-impl<F, T> Debug for EventLoopHandler<F, T> {
+impl<T> Debug for EventLoopHandler<T> {
     fn fmt(&self, formatter: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
         formatter
             .debug_struct("EventLoopHandler")
@@ -52,11 +58,7 @@ impl<F, T> Debug for EventLoopHandler<F, T> {
     }
 }
 
-impl<F, T> EventHandler for EventLoopHandler<F, T>
-where
-    F: 'static + FnMut(Event<T>, &RootWindowTarget<T>, &mut ControlFlow),
-    T: 'static,
-{
+impl<T> EventHandler for EventLoopHandler<T> {
     fn handle_nonuser_event(&mut self, event: Event<Never>, control_flow: &mut ControlFlow) {
         (self.callback)(event.userify(), &self.window_target, control_flow);
         self.will_exit |= *control_flow == ControlFlow::Exit;
@@ -87,7 +89,6 @@ struct Handler {
     start_time: Mutex<Option<Instant>>,
     callback: Mutex<Option<Box<dyn EventHandler>>>,
     pending_events: Mutex<VecDeque<Event<Never>>>,
-    deferred_events: Mutex<VecDeque<Event<Never>>>,
     pending_redraw: Mutex<Vec<WindowId>>,
     waker: Mutex<EventLoopWaker>,
 }
@@ -100,10 +101,6 @@ impl Handler {
         self.pending_events.lock().unwrap()
     }
 
-    fn deferred<'a>(&'a self) -> MutexGuard<'a, VecDeque<Event<Never>>> {
-        self.deferred_events.lock().unwrap()
-    }
-
     fn redraw<'a>(&'a self) -> MutexGuard<'a, Vec<WindowId>> {
         self.pending_redraw.lock().unwrap()
     }
@@ -148,10 +145,6 @@ impl Handler {
         mem::replace(&mut *self.events(), Default::default())
     }
 
-    fn take_deferred(&self) -> VecDeque<Event<Never>> {
-        mem::replace(&mut *self.deferred(), Default::default())
-    }
-
     fn should_redraw(&self) -> Vec<WindowId> {
         mem::replace(&mut *self.redraw(), Default::default())
     }
@@ -180,13 +173,20 @@ impl Handler {
 pub enum AppState {}
 
 impl AppState {
-    pub fn set_callback<F, T>(callback: F, window_target: RootWindowTarget<T>)
+    // This function extends lifetime of `callback` to 'static as its side effect
+    pub unsafe fn set_callback<F, T>(callback: F, window_target: Rc<RootWindowTarget<T>>)
     where
-        F: 'static + FnMut(Event<T>, &RootWindowTarget<T>, &mut ControlFlow),
-        T: 'static,
+        F: FnMut(Event<T>, &RootWindowTarget<T>, &mut ControlFlow),
     {
         *HANDLER.callback.lock().unwrap() = Some(Box::new(EventLoopHandler {
-            callback,
+            // This transmute is always safe, in case it was reached through `run`, since our
+            // lifetime will be already 'static. In other cases caller should ensure that all data
+            // they passed to callback will actually outlive it, some apps just can't move
+            // everything to event loop, so this is something that they should care about.
+            callback: mem::transmute::<
+                Box<dyn FnMut(Event<T>, &RootWindowTarget<T>, &mut ControlFlow)>,
+                Box<dyn FnMut(Event<T>, &RootWindowTarget<T>, &mut ControlFlow)>,
+            >(Box::new(callback)),
             will_exit: false,
             window_target,
         }));
@@ -196,6 +196,7 @@ impl AppState {
         HANDLER.set_in_callback(true);
         HANDLER.handle_nonuser_event(Event::LoopDestroyed);
         HANDLER.set_in_callback(false);
+        HANDLER.callback.lock().unwrap().take();
     }
 
     pub fn launched() {
@@ -259,20 +260,6 @@ impl AppState {
         HANDLER.events().append(&mut events);
     }
 
-    pub fn send_event_immediately(event: Event<Never>) {
-        if !unsafe { msg_send![class!(NSThread), isMainThread] } {
-            panic!("Event sent from different thread: {:#?}", event);
-        }
-        HANDLER.deferred().push_back(event);
-        if !HANDLER.get_in_callback() {
-            HANDLER.set_in_callback(true);
-            for event in HANDLER.take_deferred() {
-                HANDLER.handle_nonuser_event(event);
-            }
-            HANDLER.set_in_callback(false);
-        }
-    }
-
     pub fn cleared() {
         if !HANDLER.is_ready() {
             return;
@@ -283,22 +270,41 @@ impl AppState {
             for event in HANDLER.take_events() {
                 HANDLER.handle_nonuser_event(event);
             }
+            HANDLER.handle_nonuser_event(Event::MainEventsCleared);
             for window_id in HANDLER.should_redraw() {
-                HANDLER.handle_nonuser_event(Event::WindowEvent {
-                    window_id,
-                    event: WindowEvent::RedrawRequested,
-                });
+                HANDLER.handle_nonuser_event(Event::RedrawRequested(window_id));
             }
-            HANDLER.handle_nonuser_event(Event::EventsCleared);
+            HANDLER.handle_nonuser_event(Event::RedrawEventsCleared);
             HANDLER.set_in_callback(false);
         }
         if HANDLER.should_exit() {
-            let _: () = unsafe { msg_send![NSApp(), stop: nil] };
-            return;
+            unsafe {
+                let _: () = msg_send![NSApp(), stop: nil];
+
+                let pool = NSAutoreleasePool::new(nil);
+
+                let windows: *const Object = msg_send![NSApp(), windows];
+                let window: *const Object = msg_send![windows, objectAtIndex:0];
+                assert_ne!(window, nil);
+
+                let title: *const Object = msg_send![window, title];
+                assert_ne!(title, nil);
+                let postfix = NSString::alloc(nil).init_str("*");
+                let some_unique_title: *const Object =
+                    msg_send![title, stringByAppendingString: postfix];
+                assert_ne!(some_unique_title, nil);
+
+                // To stop event loop immediately, we need to send some UI event here.
+                let _: () = msg_send![window, setTitle: some_unique_title];
+                // And restore it.
+                let _: () = msg_send![window, setTitle: title];
+
+                pool.drain();
+            };
         }
         HANDLER.update_start_time();
         match HANDLER.get_old_and_new_control_flow() {
-            (ControlFlow::Exit, _) | (_, ControlFlow::Exit) => unreachable!(),
+            (ControlFlow::Exit, _) | (_, ControlFlow::Exit) => (),
             (old, new) if old == new => (),
             (_, ControlFlow::Wait) => HANDLER.waker().stop(),
             (_, ControlFlow::WaitUntil(instant)) => HANDLER.waker().start_at(instant),

src/platform_impl/macos/event.rs

@@ -208,7 +208,7 @@ pub fn scancode_to_keycode(scancode: c_ushort) -> Option<VirtualKeyCode> {
 // While F1-F20 have scancodes we can match on, we have to check against UTF-16
 // constants for the rest.
 // https://developer.apple.com/documentation/appkit/1535851-function-key_unicodes?preferredLanguage=occ
-pub fn check_function_keys(string: &String) -> Option<VirtualKeyCode> {
+pub fn check_function_keys(string: &str) -> Option<VirtualKeyCode> {
     if let Some(ch) = string.encode_utf16().next() {
         return Some(match ch {
             0xf718 => VirtualKeyCode::F21,
@@ -224,12 +224,24 @@ pub fn check_function_keys(string: &String) -> Option<VirtualKeyCode> {
 
 pub fn event_mods(event: id) -> ModifiersState {
     let flags = unsafe { NSEvent::modifierFlags(event) };
-    ModifiersState {
-        shift: flags.contains(NSEventModifierFlags::NSShiftKeyMask),
-        ctrl: flags.contains(NSEventModifierFlags::NSControlKeyMask),
-        alt: flags.contains(NSEventModifierFlags::NSAlternateKeyMask),
-        logo: flags.contains(NSEventModifierFlags::NSCommandKeyMask),
-    }
+    let mut m = ModifiersState::empty();
+    m.set(
+        ModifiersState::SHIFT,
+        flags.contains(NSEventModifierFlags::NSShiftKeyMask),
+    );
+    m.set(
+        ModifiersState::CTRL,
+        flags.contains(NSEventModifierFlags::NSControlKeyMask),
+    );
+    m.set(
+        ModifiersState::ALT,
+        flags.contains(NSEventModifierFlags::NSAlternateKeyMask),
+    );
+    m.set(
+        ModifiersState::LOGO,
+        flags.contains(NSEventModifierFlags::NSCommandKeyMask),
+    );
+    m
 }
 
 pub fn get_scancode(event: cocoa::base::id) -> c_ushort {
@@ -264,6 +276,7 @@ pub unsafe fn modifier_event(
                 virtual_keycode,
                 modifiers: event_mods(ns_event),
             },
+            is_synthetic: false,
         })
     } else {
         None

src/platform_impl/macos/event_loop.rs

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 use std::{
-    collections::VecDeque, marker::PhantomData, mem, os::raw::c_void, process, ptr, sync::mpsc,
+    collections::VecDeque, marker::PhantomData, mem, os::raw::c_void, process, ptr, rc::Rc,
+    sync::mpsc,
 };
 
 use cocoa::{
@@ -34,7 +35,7 @@ impl<T> Default for EventLoopWindowTarget<T> {
 }
 
 pub struct EventLoop<T: 'static> {
-    window_target: RootWindowTarget<T>,
+    window_target: Rc<RootWindowTarget<T>>,
     _delegate: IdRef,
 }
 
@@ -59,10 +60,10 @@ impl<T> EventLoop<T> {
         };
         setup_control_flow_observers();
         EventLoop {
-            window_target: RootWindowTarget {
+            window_target: Rc::new(RootWindowTarget {
                 p: Default::default(),
                 _marker: PhantomData,
-            },
+            }),
             _delegate: delegate,
         }
     }
@@ -81,26 +82,27 @@ impl<T> EventLoop<T> {
         &self.window_target
     }
 
-    pub fn run<F>(self, callback: F) -> !
+    pub fn run<F>(mut self, callback: F) -> !
     where
         F: 'static + FnMut(Event<T>, &RootWindowTarget<T>, &mut ControlFlow),
     {
-        unsafe {
-            let _pool = NSAutoreleasePool::new(nil);
-            let app = NSApp();
-            assert_ne!(app, nil);
-            AppState::set_callback(callback, self.window_target);
-            let _: () = msg_send![app, run];
-            AppState::exit();
-            process::exit(0)
-        }
+        self.run_return(callback);
+        process::exit(0);
     }
 
-    pub fn run_return<F>(&mut self, _callback: F)
+    pub fn run_return<F>(&mut self, callback: F)
     where
         F: FnMut(Event<T>, &RootWindowTarget<T>, &mut ControlFlow),
     {
-        unimplemented!();
+        unsafe {
+            let pool = NSAutoreleasePool::new(nil);
+            let app = NSApp();
+            assert_ne!(app, nil);
+            AppState::set_callback(callback, Rc::clone(&self.window_target));
+            let _: () = msg_send![app, run];
+            AppState::exit();
+            pool.drain();
+        }
     }
 
     pub fn create_proxy(&self) -> Proxy<T> {
@@ -108,26 +110,30 @@ impl<T> EventLoop<T> {
     }
 }
 
-#[derive(Clone)]
 pub struct Proxy<T> {
     sender: mpsc::Sender<T>,
     source: CFRunLoopSourceRef,
 }
 
-unsafe impl<T> Send for Proxy<T> {}
-unsafe impl<T> Sync for Proxy<T> {}
+unsafe impl<T: Send> Send for Proxy<T> {}
+
+impl<T> Clone for Proxy<T> {
+    fn clone(&self) -> Self {
+        Proxy::new(self.sender.clone())
+    }
+}
 
 impl<T> Proxy<T> {
     fn new(sender: mpsc::Sender<T>) -> Self {
         unsafe {
-            // just wakeup the eventloop
+            // just wake up the eventloop
             extern "C" fn event_loop_proxy_handler(_: *mut c_void) {}
 
             // adding a Source to the main CFRunLoop lets us wake it up and
             // process user events through the normal OS EventLoop mechanisms.
             let rl = CFRunLoopGetMain();
             let mut context: CFRunLoopSourceContext = mem::zeroed();
-            context.perform = event_loop_proxy_handler;
+            context.perform = Some(event_loop_proxy_handler);
             let source =
                 CFRunLoopSourceCreate(ptr::null_mut(), CFIndex::max_value() - 1, &mut context);
             CFRunLoopAddSource(rl, source, kCFRunLoopCommonModes);
@@ -137,8 +143,10 @@ impl<T> Proxy<T> {
         }
     }
 
-    pub fn send_event(&self, event: T) -> Result<(), EventLoopClosed> {
-        self.sender.send(event).map_err(|_| EventLoopClosed)?;
+    pub fn send_event(&self, event: T) -> Result<(), EventLoopClosed<T>> {
+        self.sender
+            .send(event)
+            .map_err(|mpsc::SendError(x)| EventLoopClosed(x))?;
         unsafe {
             // let the main thread know there's a new event
             CFRunLoopSourceSignal(self.source);

src/platform_impl/macos/ffi.rs

@@ -6,6 +6,13 @@ use cocoa::{
     base::id,
     foundation::{NSInteger, NSUInteger},
 };
+use core_foundation::{
+    array::CFArrayRef, dictionary::CFDictionaryRef, string::CFStringRef, uuid::CFUUIDRef,
+};
+use core_graphics::{
+    base::CGError,
+    display::{CGDirectDisplayID, CGDisplayConfigRef},
+};
 use objc;
 
 pub const NSNotFound: NSInteger = NSInteger::max_value();
@@ -108,3 +115,95 @@ pub enum NSWindowLevel {
     NSPopUpMenuWindowLevel = kCGPopUpMenuWindowLevelKey as _,
     NSScreenSaverWindowLevel = kCGScreenSaverWindowLevelKey as _,
 }
+
+pub type CGDisplayFadeInterval = f32;
+pub type CGDisplayReservationInterval = f32;
+pub type CGDisplayBlendFraction = f32;
+
+pub const kCGDisplayBlendNormal: f32 = 0.0;
+pub const kCGDisplayBlendSolidColor: f32 = 1.0;
+
+pub type CGDisplayFadeReservationToken = u32;
+pub const kCGDisplayFadeReservationInvalidToken: CGDisplayFadeReservationToken = 0;
+
+pub type Boolean = u8;
+pub const FALSE: Boolean = 0;
+pub const TRUE: Boolean = 1;
+
+pub const kCGErrorSuccess: i32 = 0;
+pub const kCGErrorFailure: i32 = 1000;
+pub const kCGErrorIllegalArgument: i32 = 1001;
+pub const kCGErrorInvalidConnection: i32 = 1002;
+pub const kCGErrorInvalidContext: i32 = 1003;
+pub const kCGErrorCannotComplete: i32 = 1004;
+pub const kCGErrorNotImplemented: i32 = 1006;
+pub const kCGErrorRangeCheck: i32 = 1007;
+pub const kCGErrorTypeCheck: i32 = 1008;
+pub const kCGErrorInvalidOperation: i32 = 1010;
+pub const kCGErrorNoneAvailable: i32 = 1011;
+
+pub const IO1BitIndexedPixels: &str = "P";
+pub const IO2BitIndexedPixels: &str = "PP";
+pub const IO4BitIndexedPixels: &str = "PPPP";
+pub const IO8BitIndexedPixels: &str = "PPPPPPPP";
+pub const IO16BitDirectPixels: &str = "-RRRRRGGGGGBBBBB";
+pub const IO32BitDirectPixels: &str = "--------RRRRRRRRGGGGGGGGBBBBBBBB";
+
+pub const kIO30BitDirectPixels: &str = "--RRRRRRRRRRGGGGGGGGGGBBBBBBBBBB";
+pub const kIO64BitDirectPixels: &str = "-16R16G16B16";
+
+pub const kIO16BitFloatPixels: &str = "-16FR16FG16FB16";
+pub const kIO32BitFloatPixels: &str = "-32FR32FG32FB32";
+
+pub const IOYUV422Pixels: &str = "Y4U2V2";
+pub const IO8BitOverlayPixels: &str = "O8";
+
+pub type CGWindowLevel = i32;
+pub type CGDisplayModeRef = *mut libc::c_void;
+
+#[link(name = "CoreGraphics", kind = "framework")]
+extern "C" {
+    pub fn CGRestorePermanentDisplayConfiguration();
+    pub fn CGDisplayCapture(display: CGDirectDisplayID) -> CGError;
+    pub fn CGDisplayRelease(display: CGDirectDisplayID) -> CGError;
+    pub fn CGConfigureDisplayFadeEffect(
+        config: CGDisplayConfigRef,
+        fadeOutSeconds: CGDisplayFadeInterval,
+        fadeInSeconds: CGDisplayFadeInterval,
+        fadeRed: f32,
+        fadeGreen: f32,
+        fadeBlue: f32,
+    ) -> CGError;
+    pub fn CGAcquireDisplayFadeReservation(
+        seconds: CGDisplayReservationInterval,
+        token: *mut CGDisplayFadeReservationToken,
+    ) -> CGError;
+    pub fn CGDisplayFade(
+        token: CGDisplayFadeReservationToken,
+        duration: CGDisplayFadeInterval,
+        startBlend: CGDisplayBlendFraction,
+        endBlend: CGDisplayBlendFraction,
+        redBlend: f32,
+        greenBlend: f32,
+        blueBlend: f32,
+        synchronous: Boolean,
+    ) -> CGError;
+    pub fn CGReleaseDisplayFadeReservation(token: CGDisplayFadeReservationToken) -> CGError;
+    pub fn CGDisplayCreateUUIDFromDisplayID(display: CGDirectDisplayID) -> CFUUIDRef;
+    pub fn CGShieldingWindowLevel() -> CGWindowLevel;
+    pub fn CGDisplaySetDisplayMode(
+        display: CGDirectDisplayID,
+        mode: CGDisplayModeRef,
+        options: CFDictionaryRef,
+    ) -> CGError;
+    pub fn CGDisplayCopyAllDisplayModes(
+        display: CGDirectDisplayID,
+        options: CFDictionaryRef,
+    ) -> CFArrayRef;
+    pub fn CGDisplayModeGetPixelWidth(mode: CGDisplayModeRef) -> usize;
+    pub fn CGDisplayModeGetPixelHeight(mode: CGDisplayModeRef) -> usize;
+    pub fn CGDisplayModeGetRefreshRate(mode: CGDisplayModeRef) -> f64;
+    pub fn CGDisplayModeCopyPixelEncoding(mode: CGDisplayModeRef) -> CFStringRef;
+    pub fn CGDisplayModeRetain(mode: CGDisplayModeRef);
+    pub fn CGDisplayModeRelease(mode: CGDisplayModeRef);
+}

src/platform_impl/macos/mod.rs

@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ use std::{fmt, ops::Deref, sync::Arc};
 
 pub use self::{
     event_loop::{EventLoop, EventLoopWindowTarget, Proxy as EventLoopProxy},
-    monitor::MonitorHandle,
+    monitor::{MonitorHandle, VideoMode},
     window::{Id as WindowId, PlatformSpecificWindowBuilderAttributes, UnownedWindow},
 };
 use crate::{

src/platform_impl/macos/monitor.rs

@@ -1,25 +1,148 @@
 use std::{collections::VecDeque, fmt};
 
+use super::ffi;
+use crate::{
+    dpi::{PhysicalPosition, PhysicalSize},
+    monitor::{MonitorHandle as RootMonitorHandle, VideoMode as RootVideoMode},
+    platform_impl::platform::util::IdRef,
+};
 use cocoa::{
     appkit::NSScreen,
     base::{id, nil},
     foundation::{NSString, NSUInteger},
 };
-use core_graphics::display::{CGDirectDisplayID, CGDisplay, CGDisplayBounds, CGDisplayMode};
+use core_foundation::{
+    array::{CFArrayGetCount, CFArrayGetValueAtIndex},
+    base::{CFRelease, TCFType},
+    string::CFString,
+};
+use core_graphics::display::{CGDirectDisplayID, CGDisplay, CGDisplayBounds};
 use core_video_sys::{
     kCVReturnSuccess, kCVTimeIsIndefinite, CVDisplayLinkCreateWithCGDisplay,
     CVDisplayLinkGetNominalOutputVideoRefreshPeriod, CVDisplayLinkRelease,
 };
 
-use crate::{
-    dpi::{PhysicalPosition, PhysicalSize},
-    monitor::VideoMode,
-    platform_impl::platform::util::IdRef,
-};
+#[derive(Clone)]
+pub struct VideoMode {
+    pub(crate) size: (u32, u32),
+    pub(crate) bit_depth: u16,
+    pub(crate) refresh_rate: u16,
+    pub(crate) monitor: MonitorHandle,
+    pub(crate) native_mode: NativeDisplayMode,
+}
 
-#[derive(Clone, PartialEq)]
+impl PartialEq for VideoMode {
+    fn eq(&self, other: &Self) -> bool {
+        self.size == other.size
+            && self.bit_depth == other.bit_depth
+            && self.refresh_rate == other.refresh_rate
+            && self.monitor == other.monitor
+    }
+}
+
+impl Eq for VideoMode {}
+
+impl std::hash::Hash for VideoMode {
+    fn hash<H: std::hash::Hasher>(&self, state: &mut H) {
+        self.size.hash(state);
+        self.bit_depth.hash(state);
+        self.refresh_rate.hash(state);
+        self.monitor.hash(state);
+    }
+}
+
+impl std::fmt::Debug for VideoMode {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
+        f.debug_struct("VideoMode")
+            .field("size", &self.size)
+            .field("bit_depth", &self.bit_depth)
+            .field("refresh_rate", &self.refresh_rate)
+            .field("monitor", &self.monitor)
+            .finish()
+    }
+}
+
+pub struct NativeDisplayMode(pub ffi::CGDisplayModeRef);
+
+unsafe impl Send for NativeDisplayMode {}
+
+impl Drop for NativeDisplayMode {
+    fn drop(&mut self) {
+        unsafe {
+            ffi::CGDisplayModeRelease(self.0);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl Clone for NativeDisplayMode {
+    fn clone(&self) -> Self {
+        unsafe {
+            ffi::CGDisplayModeRetain(self.0);
+        }
+        NativeDisplayMode(self.0)
+    }
+}
+
+impl VideoMode {
+    pub fn size(&self) -> PhysicalSize {
+        self.size.into()
+    }
+
+    pub fn bit_depth(&self) -> u16 {
+        self.bit_depth
+    }
+
+    pub fn refresh_rate(&self) -> u16 {
+        self.refresh_rate
+    }
+
+    pub fn monitor(&self) -> RootMonitorHandle {
+        RootMonitorHandle {
+            inner: self.monitor.clone(),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Clone)]
 pub struct MonitorHandle(CGDirectDisplayID);
 
+// `CGDirectDisplayID` changes on video mode change, so we cannot rely on that
+// for comparisons, but we can use `CGDisplayCreateUUIDFromDisplayID` to get an
+// unique identifier that persists even across system reboots
+impl PartialEq for MonitorHandle {
+    fn eq(&self, other: &Self) -> bool {
+        unsafe {
+            ffi::CGDisplayCreateUUIDFromDisplayID(self.0)
+                == ffi::CGDisplayCreateUUIDFromDisplayID(other.0)
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl Eq for MonitorHandle {}
+
+impl PartialOrd for MonitorHandle {
+    fn partial_cmp(&self, other: &Self) -> Option<std::cmp::Ordering> {
+        Some(self.cmp(&other))
+    }
+}
+
+impl Ord for MonitorHandle {
+    fn cmp(&self, other: &Self) -> std::cmp::Ordering {
+        unsafe {
+            ffi::CGDisplayCreateUUIDFromDisplayID(self.0)
+                .cmp(&ffi::CGDisplayCreateUUIDFromDisplayID(other.0))
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl std::hash::Hash for MonitorHandle {
+    fn hash<H: std::hash::Hasher>(&self, state: &mut H) {
+        unsafe {
+            ffi::CGDisplayCreateUUIDFromDisplayID(self.0).hash(state);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 pub fn available_monitors() -> VecDeque<MonitorHandle> {
     if let Ok(displays) = CGDisplay::active_displays() {
         let mut monitors = VecDeque::with_capacity(displays.len());
@@ -101,7 +224,7 @@ impl MonitorHandle {
         unsafe { NSScreen::backingScaleFactor(screen) as f64 }
     }
 
-    pub fn video_modes(&self) -> impl Iterator<Item = VideoMode> {
+    pub fn video_modes(&self) -> impl Iterator<Item = RootVideoMode> {
         let cv_refresh_rate = unsafe {
             let mut display_link = std::ptr::null_mut();
             assert_eq!(
@@ -117,11 +240,26 @@ impl MonitorHandle {
             time.timeScale as i64 / time.timeValue
         };
 
-        CGDisplayMode::all_display_modes(self.0, std::ptr::null())
-            .expect("failed to obtain list of display modes")
-            .into_iter()
-            .map(move |mode| {
-                let cg_refresh_rate = mode.refresh_rate().round() as i64;
+        let monitor = self.clone();
+
+        unsafe {
+            let modes = {
+                let array = ffi::CGDisplayCopyAllDisplayModes(self.0, std::ptr::null());
+                assert!(!array.is_null(), "failed to get list of display modes");
+                let array_count = CFArrayGetCount(array);
+                let modes: Vec<_> = (0..array_count)
+                    .map(move |i| {
+                        let mode = CFArrayGetValueAtIndex(array, i) as *mut _;
+                        ffi::CGDisplayModeRetain(mode);
+                        mode
+                    })
+                    .collect();
+                CFRelease(array as *const _);
+                modes
+            };
+
+            modes.into_iter().map(move |mode| {
+                let cg_refresh_rate = ffi::CGDisplayModeGetRefreshRate(mode).round() as i64;
 
                 // CGDisplayModeGetRefreshRate returns 0.0 for any display that
                 // isn't a CRT
@@ -131,34 +269,55 @@ impl MonitorHandle {
                     cv_refresh_rate
                 };
 
-                VideoMode {
-                    size: (mode.width() as u32, mode.height() as u32),
+                let pixel_encoding =
+                    CFString::wrap_under_create_rule(ffi::CGDisplayModeCopyPixelEncoding(mode))
+                        .to_string();
+                let bit_depth = if pixel_encoding.eq_ignore_ascii_case(ffi::IO32BitDirectPixels) {
+                    32
+                } else if pixel_encoding.eq_ignore_ascii_case(ffi::IO16BitDirectPixels) {
+                    16
+                } else if pixel_encoding.eq_ignore_ascii_case(ffi::kIO30BitDirectPixels) {
+                    30
+                } else {
+                    unimplemented!()
+                };
+
+                let video_mode = VideoMode {
+                    size: (
+                        ffi::CGDisplayModeGetPixelWidth(mode) as u32,
+                        ffi::CGDisplayModeGetPixelHeight(mode) as u32,
+                    ),
                     refresh_rate: refresh_rate as u16,
-                    bit_depth: mode.bit_depth() as u16,
-                }
+                    bit_depth,
+                    monitor: monitor.clone(),
+                    native_mode: NativeDisplayMode(mode),
+                };
+
+                RootVideoMode { video_mode }
             })
+        }
     }
 
     pub(crate) fn ns_screen(&self) -> Option<id> {
         unsafe {
-            let native_id = self.native_identifier();
+            let uuid = ffi::CGDisplayCreateUUIDFromDisplayID(self.0);
             let screens = NSScreen::screens(nil);
             let count: NSUInteger = msg_send![screens, count];
             let key = IdRef::new(NSString::alloc(nil).init_str("NSScreenNumber"));
-            let mut matching_screen: Option<id> = None;
             for i in 0..count {
                 let screen = msg_send![screens, objectAtIndex: i as NSUInteger];
                 let device_description = NSScreen::deviceDescription(screen);
                 let value: id = msg_send![device_description, objectForKey:*key];
                 if value != nil {
-                    let screen_number: NSUInteger = msg_send![value, unsignedIntegerValue];
-                    if screen_number as u32 == native_id {
-                        matching_screen = Some(screen);
-                        break;
+                    let other_native_id: NSUInteger = msg_send![value, unsignedIntegerValue];
+                    let other_uuid =
+                        ffi::CGDisplayCreateUUIDFromDisplayID(other_native_id as CGDirectDisplayID);
+                    if uuid == other_uuid {
+                        return Some(screen);
                     }
                 }
             }
-            matching_screen
+            None
         }
     }
 }

src/platform_impl/macos/observer.rs

@@ -1,10 +1,9 @@
 use std::{self, os::raw::*, ptr, time::Instant};
 
-use crate::platform_impl::platform::app_state::AppState;
+use crate::platform_impl::platform::{app_state::AppState, ffi};
 
 #[link(name = "CoreFoundation", kind = "framework")]
 extern "C" {
-    pub static kCFRunLoopDefaultMode: CFRunLoopMode;
     pub static kCFRunLoopCommonModes: CFRunLoopMode;
 
     pub fn CFRunLoopGetMain() -> CFRunLoopRef;
@@ -13,7 +12,7 @@ extern "C" {
     pub fn CFRunLoopObserverCreate(
         allocator: CFAllocatorRef,
         activities: CFOptionFlags,
-        repeats: Boolean,
+        repeats: ffi::Boolean,
         order: CFIndex,
         callout: CFRunLoopObserverCallBack,
         context: *mut CFRunLoopObserverContext,
@@ -51,11 +50,6 @@ extern "C" {
     pub fn CFRelease(cftype: *const c_void);
 }
 
-pub type Boolean = u8;
-#[allow(dead_code)]
-const FALSE: Boolean = 0;
-const TRUE: Boolean = 1;
-
 pub enum CFAllocator {}
 pub type CFAllocatorRef = *mut CFAllocator;
 pub enum CFRunLoop {}
@@ -99,14 +93,14 @@ pub enum CFRunLoopTimerContext {}
 pub struct CFRunLoopSourceContext {
     pub version: CFIndex,
     pub info: *mut c_void,
-    pub retain: extern "C" fn(*const c_void) -> *const c_void,
-    pub release: extern "C" fn(*const c_void),
-    pub copyDescription: extern "C" fn(*const c_void) -> CFStringRef,
-    pub equal: extern "C" fn(*const c_void, *const c_void) -> Boolean,
-    pub hash: extern "C" fn(*const c_void) -> CFHashCode,
-    pub schedule: extern "C" fn(*mut c_void, CFRunLoopRef, CFRunLoopMode),
-    pub cancel: extern "C" fn(*mut c_void, CFRunLoopRef, CFRunLoopMode),
-    pub perform: extern "C" fn(*mut c_void),
+    pub retain: Option<extern "C" fn(*const c_void) -> *const c_void>,
+    pub release: Option<extern "C" fn(*const c_void)>,
+    pub copyDescription: Option<extern "C" fn(*const c_void) -> CFStringRef>,
+    pub equal: Option<extern "C" fn(*const c_void, *const c_void) -> ffi::Boolean>,
+    pub hash: Option<extern "C" fn(*const c_void) -> CFHashCode>,
+    pub schedule: Option<extern "C" fn(*mut c_void, CFRunLoopRef, CFRunLoopMode)>,
+    pub cancel: Option<extern "C" fn(*mut c_void, CFRunLoopRef, CFRunLoopMode)>,
+    pub perform: Option<extern "C" fn(*mut c_void)>,
 }
 
 // begin is queued with the highest priority to ensure it is processed before other observers
@@ -162,12 +156,12 @@ impl RunLoop {
         let observer = CFRunLoopObserverCreate(
             ptr::null_mut(),
             flags,
-            TRUE,     // Indicates we want this to run repeatedly
-            priority, // The lower the value, the sooner this will run
+            ffi::TRUE, // Indicates we want this to run repeatedly
+            priority,  // The lower the value, the sooner this will run
             handler,
             ptr::null_mut(),
         );
-        CFRunLoopAddObserver(self.0, observer, kCFRunLoopDefaultMode);
+        CFRunLoopAddObserver(self.0, observer, kCFRunLoopCommonModes);
     }
 }
 
@@ -204,9 +198,9 @@ impl Default for EventLoopWaker {
     fn default() -> EventLoopWaker {
         extern "C" fn wakeup_main_loop(_timer: CFRunLoopTimerRef, _info: *mut c_void) {}
         unsafe {
-            // create a timer with a 1µs interval (1ns does not work) to mimic polling.
-            // it is initially setup with a first fire time really far into the
-            // future, but that gets changed to fire immediatley in did_finish_launching
+            // Create a timer with a 0.1µs interval (1ns does not work) to mimic polling.
+            // It is initially setup with a first fire time really far into the
+            // future, but that gets changed to fire immediately in did_finish_launching
             let timer = CFRunLoopTimerCreate(
                 ptr::null_mut(),
                 std::f64::MAX,

src/platform_impl/macos/util/async.rs

@@ -60,11 +60,15 @@ pub unsafe fn set_style_mask_async(ns_window: id, ns_view: id, mask: NSWindowSty
 }
 pub unsafe fn set_style_mask_sync(ns_window: id, ns_view: id, mask: NSWindowStyleMask) {
     let context = SetStyleMaskData::new_ptr(ns_window, ns_view, mask);
-    dispatch_sync_f(
-        dispatch_get_main_queue(),
-        context as *mut _,
-        set_style_mask_callback,
-    );
+    if msg_send![class!(NSThread), isMainThread] {
+        set_style_mask_callback(context as *mut _);
+    } else {
+        dispatch_sync_f(
+            dispatch_get_main_queue(),
+            context as *mut _,
+            set_style_mask_callback,
+        );
+    }
 }
 
 struct SetContentSizeData {
@@ -206,7 +210,10 @@ extern "C" fn toggle_full_screen_callback(context: *mut c_void) {
                     }
                 }
             }
-
+            // Window level must be restored from `CGShieldingWindowLevel()
+            // + 1` back to normal in order for `toggleFullScreen` to do
+            // anything
+            context.ns_window.setLevel_(0);
             context.ns_window.toggleFullScreen_(nil);
         }
         Box::from_raw(context_ptr);
@@ -228,6 +235,21 @@ pub unsafe fn toggle_full_screen_async(
     );
 }
 
+extern "C" fn restore_display_mode_callback(screen: *mut c_void) {
+    unsafe {
+        let screen = Box::from_raw(screen as *mut u32);
+        ffi::CGRestorePermanentDisplayConfiguration();
+        assert_eq!(ffi::CGDisplayRelease(*screen), ffi::kCGErrorSuccess);
+    }
+}
+pub unsafe fn restore_display_mode_async(ns_screen: u32) {
+    dispatch_async_f(
+        dispatch_get_main_queue(),
+        Box::into_raw(Box::new(ns_screen)) as *mut _,
+        restore_display_mode_callback,
+    );
+}
+
 struct SetMaximizedData {
     ns_window: id,
     is_zoomed: bool,

src/platform_impl/macos/util/cursor.rs

@@ -3,7 +3,8 @@ use cocoa::{
     base::{id, nil},
     foundation::{NSDictionary, NSPoint, NSString},
 };
-use objc::runtime::Sel;
+use objc::{runtime::Sel, runtime::NO};
+use std::cell::RefCell;
 
 use crate::window::CursorIcon;
 
@@ -15,10 +16,12 @@ pub enum Cursor {
 
 impl From<CursorIcon> for Cursor {
     fn from(cursor: CursorIcon) -> Self {
+        // See native cursors at https://developer.apple.com/documentation/appkit/nscursor?language=objc.
         match cursor {
             CursorIcon::Arrow | CursorIcon::Default => Cursor::Native("arrowCursor"),
             CursorIcon::Hand => Cursor::Native("pointingHandCursor"),
-            CursorIcon::Grabbing | CursorIcon::Grab => Cursor::Native("closedHandCursor"),
+            CursorIcon::Grab => Cursor::Native("openHandCursor"),
+            CursorIcon::Grabbing => Cursor::Native("closedHandCursor"),
             CursorIcon::Text => Cursor::Native("IBeamCursor"),
             CursorIcon::VerticalText => Cursor::Native("IBeamCursorForVerticalLayout"),
             CursorIcon::Copy => Cursor::Native("dragCopyCursor"),
@@ -124,3 +127,38 @@ pub unsafe fn load_webkit_cursor(cursor_name: &str) -> id {
         hotSpot:point
     ]
 }
+
+pub unsafe fn invisible_cursor() -> id {
+    // 16x16 GIF data for invisible cursor
+    // You can reproduce this via ImageMagick.
+    // $ convert -size 16x16 xc:none cursor.gif
+    static CURSOR_BYTES: &[u8] = &[
+        0x47, 0x49, 0x46, 0x38, 0x39, 0x61, 0x10, 0x00, 0x10, 0x00, 0xF0, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+        0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x21, 0xF9, 0x04, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x2C, 0x00, 0x00,
+        0x00, 0x00, 0x10, 0x00, 0x10, 0x00, 0x00, 0x02, 0x0E, 0x84, 0x8F, 0xA9, 0xCB, 0xED, 0x0F,
+        0xA3, 0x9C, 0xB4, 0xDA, 0x8B, 0xB3, 0x3E, 0x05, 0x00, 0x3B,
+    ];
+
+    thread_local! {
+        // We can't initialize this at startup.
+        static CURSOR_OBJECT: RefCell<id> = RefCell::new(nil);
+    }
+
+    CURSOR_OBJECT.with(|cursor_obj| {
+        if *cursor_obj.borrow() == nil {
+            // Create a cursor from `CURSOR_BYTES`
+            let cursor_data: id = msg_send![class!(NSData),
+                dataWithBytesNoCopy:CURSOR_BYTES as *const [u8]
+                length:CURSOR_BYTES.len()
+                freeWhenDone:NO
+            ];
+
+            let ns_image: id = msg_send![class!(NSImage), alloc];
+            let _: id = msg_send![ns_image, initWithData: cursor_data];
+            let cursor: id = msg_send![class!(NSCursor), alloc];
+            *cursor_obj.borrow_mut() =
+                msg_send![cursor, initWithImage:ns_image hotSpot: NSPoint::new(0.0, 0.0)];
+        }
+        *cursor_obj.borrow()
+    })
+}

src/platform_impl/macos/view.rs

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ use std::{
 use cocoa::{
     appkit::{NSApp, NSEvent, NSEventModifierFlags, NSEventPhase, NSView, NSWindow},
     base::{id, nil},
-    foundation::{NSPoint, NSRect, NSSize, NSString, NSUInteger},
+    foundation::{NSInteger, NSPoint, NSRect, NSSize, NSString, NSUInteger},
 };
 use objc::{
     declare::ClassDecl,
@@ -18,8 +18,8 @@ use objc::{
 
 use crate::{
     event::{
-        DeviceEvent, ElementState, Event, KeyboardInput, MouseButton, MouseScrollDelta, TouchPhase,
-        VirtualKeyCode, WindowEvent,
+        DeviceEvent, ElementState, Event, KeyboardInput, ModifiersState, MouseButton,
+        MouseScrollDelta, TouchPhase, VirtualKeyCode, WindowEvent,
     },
     platform_impl::platform::{
         app_state::AppState,
@@ -35,33 +35,41 @@ use crate::{
     window::WindowId,
 };
 
-#[derive(Default)]
-struct Modifiers {
-    shift_pressed: bool,
-    ctrl_pressed: bool,
-    win_pressed: bool,
-    alt_pressed: bool,
+pub struct CursorState {
+    pub visible: bool,
+    pub cursor: util::Cursor,
+}
+
+impl Default for CursorState {
+    fn default() -> Self {
+        Self {
+            visible: true,
+            cursor: Default::default(),
+        }
+    }
 }
 
 struct ViewState {
     ns_window: id,
-    pub cursor: Arc<Mutex<util::Cursor>>,
+    pub cursor_state: Arc<Mutex<CursorState>>,
     ime_spot: Option<(f64, f64)>,
     raw_characters: Option<String>,
     is_key_down: bool,
-    modifiers: Modifiers,
+    modifiers: ModifiersState,
+    tracking_rect: Option<NSInteger>,
 }
 
-pub fn new_view(ns_window: id) -> (IdRef, Weak<Mutex<util::Cursor>>) {
-    let cursor = Default::default();
-    let cursor_access = Arc::downgrade(&cursor);
+pub fn new_view(ns_window: id) -> (IdRef, Weak<Mutex<CursorState>>) {
+    let cursor_state = Default::default();
+    let cursor_access = Arc::downgrade(&cursor_state);
     let state = ViewState {
         ns_window,
-        cursor,
+        cursor_state,
         ime_spot: None,
         raw_characters: None,
         is_key_down: false,
         modifiers: Default::default(),
+        tracking_rect: None,
     };
     unsafe {
         // This is free'd in `dealloc`
@@ -104,7 +112,7 @@ lazy_static! {
         );
         decl.add_method(
             sel!(drawRect:),
-            draw_rect as extern "C" fn(&Object, Sel, id),
+            draw_rect as extern "C" fn(&Object, Sel, NSRect),
         );
         decl.add_method(
             sel!(acceptsFirstResponder),
@@ -236,6 +244,10 @@ lazy_static! {
             sel!(cancelOperation:),
             cancel_operation as extern "C" fn(&Object, Sel, id),
         );
+        decl.add_method(
+            sel!(frameDidChange:),
+            frame_did_change as extern "C" fn(&Object, Sel, id),
+        );
         decl.add_ivar::<*mut c_void>("winitState");
         decl.add_ivar::<id>("markedText");
         let protocol = Protocol::get("NSTextInputClient").unwrap();
@@ -261,6 +273,19 @@ extern "C" fn init_with_winit(this: &Object, _sel: Sel, state: *mut c_void) -> i
             let marked_text =
                 <id as NSMutableAttributedString>::init(NSMutableAttributedString::alloc(nil));
             (*this).set_ivar("markedText", marked_text);
+            let _: () = msg_send![this, setPostsFrameChangedNotifications: YES];
+
+            let notification_center: &Object =
+                msg_send![class!(NSNotificationCenter), defaultCenter];
+            let notification_name =
+                NSString::alloc(nil).init_str("NSViewFrameDidChangeNotification");
+            let _: () = msg_send![
+                notification_center,
+                addObserver: this
+                selector: sel!(frameDidChange:)
+                name: notification_name
+                object: this
+            ];
         }
         this
     }
@@ -269,18 +294,47 @@ extern "C" fn init_with_winit(this: &Object, _sel: Sel, state: *mut c_void) -> i
 extern "C" fn view_did_move_to_window(this: &Object, _sel: Sel) {
     trace!("Triggered `viewDidMoveToWindow`");
     unsafe {
+        let state_ptr: *mut c_void = *this.get_ivar("winitState");
+        let state = &mut *(state_ptr as *mut ViewState);
+
+        if let Some(tracking_rect) = state.tracking_rect.take() {
+            let _: () = msg_send![this, removeTrackingRect: tracking_rect];
+        }
+
         let rect: NSRect = msg_send![this, visibleRect];
-        let _: () = msg_send![this,
+        let tracking_rect: NSInteger = msg_send![this,
             addTrackingRect:rect
             owner:this
             userData:nil
             assumeInside:NO
         ];
+        state.tracking_rect = Some(tracking_rect);
     }
     trace!("Completed `viewDidMoveToWindow`");
 }
 
-extern "C" fn draw_rect(this: &Object, _sel: Sel, rect: id) {
+extern "C" fn frame_did_change(this: &Object, _sel: Sel, _event: id) {
+    unsafe {
+        let state_ptr: *mut c_void = *this.get_ivar("winitState");
+        let state = &mut *(state_ptr as *mut ViewState);
+
+        if let Some(tracking_rect) = state.tracking_rect.take() {
+            let _: () = msg_send![this, removeTrackingRect: tracking_rect];
+        }
+
+        let rect: NSRect = msg_send![this, visibleRect];
+        let tracking_rect: NSInteger = msg_send![this,
+            addTrackingRect:rect
+            owner:this
+            userData:nil
+            assumeInside:NO
+        ];
+
+        state.tracking_rect = Some(tracking_rect);
+    }
+}
+
+extern "C" fn draw_rect(this: &Object, _sel: Sel, rect: NSRect) {
     unsafe {
         let state_ptr: *mut c_void = *this.get_ivar("winitState");
         let state = &mut *(state_ptr as *mut ViewState);
@@ -309,7 +363,12 @@ extern "C" fn reset_cursor_rects(this: &Object, _sel: Sel) {
         let state = &mut *(state_ptr as *mut ViewState);
 
         let bounds: NSRect = msg_send![this, bounds];
-        let cursor = state.cursor.lock().unwrap().load();
+        let cursor_state = state.cursor_state.lock().unwrap();
+        let cursor = if cursor_state.visible {
+            cursor_state.cursor.load()
+        } else {
+            util::invisible_cursor()
+        };
         let _: () = msg_send![this,
             addCursorRect:bounds
             cursor:cursor
@@ -452,7 +511,7 @@ extern "C" fn insert_text(this: &Object, _sel: Sel, string: id, _replacement_ran
         //let event: id = msg_send![NSApp(), currentEvent];
 
         let mut events = VecDeque::with_capacity(characters.len());
-        for character in string.chars() {
+        for character in string.chars().filter(|c| !is_corporate_character(*c)) {
             events.push_back(Event::WindowEvent {
                 window_id: WindowId(get_window_id(state.ns_window)),
                 event: WindowEvent::ReceivedCharacter(character),
@@ -484,7 +543,10 @@ extern "C" fn do_command_by_selector(this: &Object, _sel: Sel, command: Sel) {
         } else {
             let raw_characters = state.raw_characters.take();
             if let Some(raw_characters) = raw_characters {
-                for character in raw_characters.chars() {
+                for character in raw_characters
+                    .chars()
+                    .filter(|c| !is_corporate_character(*c))
+                {
                     events.push_back(Event::WindowEvent {
                         window_id: WindowId(get_window_id(state.ns_window)),
                         event: WindowEvent::ReceivedCharacter(character),
@@ -515,15 +577,27 @@ fn get_characters(event: id, ignore_modifiers: bool) -> String {
     }
 }
 
+// As defined in: https://www.unicode.org/Public/MAPPINGS/VENDORS/APPLE/CORPCHAR.TXT
+fn is_corporate_character(c: char) -> bool {
+    match c {
+        '\u{F700}'..='\u{F747}'
+        | '\u{F802}'..='\u{F84F}'
+        | '\u{F850}'
+        | '\u{F85C}'
+        | '\u{F85D}'
+        | '\u{F85F}'
+        | '\u{F860}'..='\u{F86B}'
+        | '\u{F870}'..='\u{F8FF}' => true,
+        _ => false,
+    }
+}
+
 // Retrieves a layout-independent keycode given an event.
 fn retrieve_keycode(event: id) -> Option<VirtualKeyCode> {
     #[inline]
     fn get_code(ev: id, raw: bool) -> Option<VirtualKeyCode> {
         let characters = get_characters(ev, raw);
-        characters
-            .chars()
-            .next()
-            .map_or(None, |c| char_to_keycode(c))
+        characters.chars().next().and_then(|c| char_to_keycode(c))
     }
 
     // Cmd switches Roman letters for Dvorak-QWERTY layout, so we try modified characters first.
@@ -567,6 +641,7 @@ extern "C" fn key_down(this: &Object, _sel: Sel, event: id) {
                     virtual_keycode,
                     modifiers: event_mods(event),
                 },
+                is_synthetic: false,
             },
         };
 
@@ -574,7 +649,7 @@ extern "C" fn key_down(this: &Object, _sel: Sel, event: id) {
             AppState::queue_event(window_event);
             // Emit `ReceivedCharacter` for key repeats
             if is_repeat && state.is_key_down {
-                for character in characters.chars() {
+                for character in characters.chars().filter(|c| !is_corporate_character(*c)) {
                     AppState::queue_event(Event::WindowEvent {
                         window_id,
                         event: WindowEvent::ReceivedCharacter(character),
@@ -618,6 +693,7 @@ extern "C" fn key_up(this: &Object, _sel: Sel, event: id) {
                     virtual_keycode,
                     modifiers: event_mods(event),
                 },
+                is_synthetic: false,
             },
         };
 
@@ -637,36 +713,36 @@ extern "C" fn flags_changed(this: &Object, _sel: Sel, event: id) {
         if let Some(window_event) = modifier_event(
             event,
             NSEventModifierFlags::NSShiftKeyMask,
-            state.modifiers.shift_pressed,
+            state.modifiers.shift(),
         ) {
-            state.modifiers.shift_pressed = !state.modifiers.shift_pressed;
+            state.modifiers.toggle(ModifiersState::SHIFT);
             events.push_back(window_event);
         }
 
         if let Some(window_event) = modifier_event(
             event,
             NSEventModifierFlags::NSControlKeyMask,
-            state.modifiers.ctrl_pressed,
+            state.modifiers.ctrl(),
         ) {
-            state.modifiers.ctrl_pressed = !state.modifiers.ctrl_pressed;
+            state.modifiers.toggle(ModifiersState::CTRL);
             events.push_back(window_event);
         }
 
         if let Some(window_event) = modifier_event(
             event,
             NSEventModifierFlags::NSCommandKeyMask,
-            state.modifiers.win_pressed,
+            state.modifiers.logo(),
         ) {
-            state.modifiers.win_pressed = !state.modifiers.win_pressed;
+            state.modifiers.toggle(ModifiersState::LOGO);
             events.push_back(window_event);
         }
 
         if let Some(window_event) = modifier_event(
             event,
             NSEventModifierFlags::NSAlternateKeyMask,
-            state.modifiers.alt_pressed,
+            state.modifiers.alt(),
         ) {
-            state.modifiers.alt_pressed = !state.modifiers.alt_pressed;
+            state.modifiers.toggle(ModifiersState::ALT);
             events.push_back(window_event);
         }
 
@@ -676,6 +752,11 @@ extern "C" fn flags_changed(this: &Object, _sel: Sel, event: id) {
                 event,
             });
         }
+
+        AppState::queue_event(Event::DeviceEvent {
+            device_id: DEVICE_ID,
+            event: DeviceEvent::ModifiersChanged(state.modifiers),
+        });
     }
     trace!("Completed `flagsChanged`");
 }
@@ -726,6 +807,7 @@ extern "C" fn cancel_operation(this: &Object, _sel: Sel, _sender: id) {
                     virtual_keycode,
                     modifiers: event_mods(event),
                 },
+                is_synthetic: false,
             },
         };
 

src/platform_impl/macos/window.rs

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+use raw_window_handle::{macos::MacOSHandle, RawWindowHandle};
 use std::{
     collections::VecDeque,
     f64,
@@ -8,6 +9,24 @@ use std::{
     },
 };
 
+use crate::{
+    dpi::{LogicalPosition, LogicalSize},
+    error::{ExternalError, NotSupportedError, OsError as RootOsError},
+    icon::Icon,
+    monitor::{MonitorHandle as RootMonitorHandle, VideoMode as RootVideoMode},
+    platform::macos::{ActivationPolicy, RequestUserAttentionType, WindowExtMacOS},
+    platform_impl::platform::{
+        app_state::AppState,
+        ffi,
+        monitor::{self, MonitorHandle, VideoMode},
+        util::{self, IdRef},
+        view::CursorState,
+        view::{self, new_view},
+        window_delegate::new_delegate,
+        OsError,
+    },
+    window::{CursorIcon, Fullscreen, WindowAttributes, WindowId as RootWindowId},
+};
 use cocoa::{
     appkit::{
         self, CGFloat, NSApp, NSApplication, NSApplicationActivationPolicy,
@@ -17,30 +36,12 @@ use cocoa::{
     base::{id, nil},
     foundation::{NSAutoreleasePool, NSDictionary, NSPoint, NSRect, NSSize, NSString},
 };
-use core_graphics::display::CGDisplay;
+use core_graphics::display::{CGDisplay, CGDisplayMode};
 use objc::{
     declare::ClassDecl,
     runtime::{Class, Object, Sel, BOOL, NO, YES},
 };
 
-use crate::{
-    dpi::{LogicalPosition, LogicalSize},
-    error::{ExternalError, NotSupportedError, OsError as RootOsError},
-    icon::Icon,
-    monitor::MonitorHandle as RootMonitorHandle,
-    platform::macos::{ActivationPolicy, RequestUserAttentionType, WindowExtMacOS},
-    platform_impl::platform::{
-        app_state::AppState,
-        ffi,
-        monitor::{self, MonitorHandle},
-        util::{self, IdRef},
-        view::{self, new_view},
-        window_delegate::new_delegate,
-        OsError,
-    },
-    window::{CursorIcon, WindowAttributes, WindowId as RootWindowId},
-};
-
 #[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord, Hash)]
 pub struct Id(pub usize);
 
@@ -66,6 +67,7 @@ pub struct PlatformSpecificWindowBuilderAttributes {
     pub titlebar_buttons_hidden: bool,
     pub fullsize_content_view: bool,
     pub resize_increments: Option<LogicalSize>,
+    pub disallow_hidpi: bool,
 }
 
 fn create_app(activation_policy: ActivationPolicy) -> Option<id> {
@@ -86,10 +88,15 @@ fn create_app(activation_policy: ActivationPolicy) -> Option<id> {
     }
 }
 
-unsafe fn create_view(ns_window: id) -> Option<(IdRef, Weak<Mutex<util::Cursor>>)> {
-    let (ns_view, cursor) = new_view(ns_window);
+unsafe fn create_view(
+    ns_window: id,
+    pl_attribs: &PlatformSpecificWindowBuilderAttributes,
+) -> Option<(IdRef, Weak<Mutex<CursorState>>)> {
+    let (ns_view, cursor_state) = new_view(ns_window);
     ns_view.non_nil().map(|ns_view| {
-        ns_view.setWantsBestResolutionOpenGLSurface_(YES);
+        if !pl_attribs.disallow_hidpi {
+            ns_view.setWantsBestResolutionOpenGLSurface_(YES);
+        }
 
         // On Mojave, views automatically become layer-backed shortly after being added to
         // a window. Changing the layer-backedness of a view breaks the association between
@@ -102,7 +109,7 @@ unsafe fn create_view(ns_window: id) -> Option<(IdRef, Weak<Mutex<util::Cursor>>
 
         ns_window.setContentView_(*ns_view);
         ns_window.makeFirstResponder_(*ns_view);
-        (ns_view, cursor)
+        (ns_view, cursor_state)
     })
 }
 
@@ -113,11 +120,14 @@ fn create_window(
     unsafe {
         let pool = NSAutoreleasePool::new(nil);
         let screen = match attrs.fullscreen {
-            Some(ref monitor_id) => {
-                let monitor_screen = monitor_id.inner.ns_screen();
+            Some(Fullscreen::Borderless(RootMonitorHandle { inner: ref monitor }))
+            | Some(Fullscreen::Exclusive(RootVideoMode {
+                video_mode: VideoMode { ref monitor, .. },
+            })) => {
+                let monitor_screen = monitor.ns_screen();
                 Some(monitor_screen.unwrap_or(appkit::NSScreen::mainScreen(nil)))
             }
-            _ => None,
+            None => None,
         };
         let frame = match screen {
             Some(screen) => appkit::NSScreen::frame(screen),
@@ -233,12 +243,22 @@ lazy_static! {
 #[derive(Default)]
 pub struct SharedState {
     pub resizable: bool,
-    pub fullscreen: Option<RootMonitorHandle>,
+    pub fullscreen: Option<Fullscreen>,
+    // This is true between windowWillEnterFullScreen and windowDidEnterFullScreen
+    // or windowWillExitFullScreen and windowDidExitFullScreen.
+    // We must not toggle fullscreen when this is true.
+    pub in_fullscreen_transition: bool,
+    // If it is attempted to toggle fullscreen when in_fullscreen_transition is true,
+    // Set target_fullscreen and do after fullscreen transition is end.
+    pub target_fullscreen: Option<Option<Fullscreen>>,
     pub maximized: bool,
     pub standard_frame: Option<NSRect>,
     is_simple_fullscreen: bool,
     pub saved_style: Option<NSWindowStyleMask>,
+    /// Presentation options saved before entering `set_simple_fullscreen`, and
+    /// restored upon exiting it
     save_presentation_opts: Option<NSApplicationPresentationOptions>,
+    pub saved_desktop_display_mode: Option<(CGDisplay, CGDisplayMode)>,
 }
 
 impl SharedState {
@@ -271,8 +291,7 @@ pub struct UnownedWindow {
     input_context: IdRef, // never changes
     pub shared_state: Arc<Mutex<SharedState>>,
     decorations: AtomicBool,
-    cursor: Weak<Mutex<util::Cursor>>,
-    cursor_visible: AtomicBool,
+    cursor_state: Weak<Mutex<CursorState>>,
 }
 
 unsafe impl Send for UnownedWindow {}
@@ -301,10 +320,11 @@ impl UnownedWindow {
             os_error!(OsError::CreationError("Couldn't create `NSWindow`"))
         })?;
 
-        let (ns_view, cursor) = unsafe { create_view(*ns_window) }.ok_or_else(|| {
-            unsafe { pool.drain() };
-            os_error!(OsError::CreationError("Couldn't create `NSView`"))
-        })?;
+        let (ns_view, cursor_state) =
+            unsafe { create_view(*ns_window, &pl_attribs) }.ok_or_else(|| {
+                unsafe { pool.drain() };
+                os_error!(OsError::CreationError("Couldn't create `NSView`"))
+            })?;
 
         let input_context = unsafe { util::create_input_context(*ns_view) };
 
@@ -348,23 +368,13 @@ impl UnownedWindow {
             input_context,
             shared_state: Arc::new(Mutex::new(win_attribs.into())),
             decorations: AtomicBool::new(decorations),
-            cursor,
-            cursor_visible: AtomicBool::new(true),
+            cursor_state,
         });
 
         let delegate = new_delegate(&window, fullscreen.is_some());
 
         // Set fullscreen mode after we setup everything
-        if let Some(monitor) = fullscreen {
-            if monitor.inner != window.current_monitor().inner {
-                // To do this with native fullscreen, we probably need to
-                // warp the window... while we could use
-                // `enterFullScreenMode`, they're idiomatically different
-                // fullscreen modes, so we'd have to support both anyway.
-                unimplemented!();
-            }
-            window.set_fullscreen(Some(monitor));
-        }
+        window.set_fullscreen(fullscreen);
 
         // Setting the window as key has to happen *after* we set the fullscreen
         // state, since otherwise we'll briefly see the window at normal size
@@ -505,8 +515,8 @@ impl UnownedWindow {
 
     pub fn set_cursor_icon(&self, cursor: CursorIcon) {
         let cursor = util::Cursor::from(cursor);
-        if let Some(cursor_access) = self.cursor.upgrade() {
-            *cursor_access.lock().unwrap() = cursor;
+        if let Some(cursor_access) = self.cursor_state.upgrade() {
+            cursor_access.lock().unwrap().cursor = cursor;
         }
         unsafe {
             let _: () = msg_send![*self.ns_window,
@@ -524,16 +534,17 @@ impl UnownedWindow {
 
     #[inline]
     pub fn set_cursor_visible(&self, visible: bool) {
-        let cursor_class = class!(NSCursor);
-        // macOS uses a "hide counter" like Windows does, so we avoid incrementing it more than once.
-        // (otherwise, `hide_cursor(false)` would need to be called n times!)
-        if visible != self.cursor_visible.load(Ordering::Acquire) {
-            if visible {
-                let _: () = unsafe { msg_send![cursor_class, unhide] };
-            } else {
-                let _: () = unsafe { msg_send![cursor_class, hide] };
+        if let Some(cursor_access) = self.cursor_state.upgrade() {
+            let mut cursor_state = cursor_access.lock().unwrap();
+            if visible != cursor_state.visible {
+                cursor_state.visible = visible;
+                drop(cursor_state);
+                unsafe {
+                    let _: () = msg_send![*self.ns_window,
+                        invalidateCursorRectsForView:*self.ns_view
+                    ];
+                }
             }
-            self.cursor_visible.store(visible, Ordering::Release);
         }
     }
 
@@ -594,22 +605,44 @@ impl UnownedWindow {
         }
     }
 
+    /// This is called when the window is exiting fullscreen, whether by the
+    /// user clicking on the green fullscreen button or programmatically by
+    /// `toggleFullScreen:`
     pub(crate) fn restore_state_from_fullscreen(&self) {
-        let maximized = {
-            trace!("Locked shared state in `restore_state_from_fullscreen`");
-            let mut shared_state_lock = self.shared_state.lock().unwrap();
+        trace!("Locked shared state in `restore_state_from_fullscreen`");
+        let mut shared_state_lock = self.shared_state.lock().unwrap();
 
-            shared_state_lock.fullscreen = None;
+        shared_state_lock.fullscreen = None;
 
-            let mask = self.saved_style(&mut *shared_state_lock);
+        let maximized = shared_state_lock.maximized;
+        let mask = self.saved_style(&mut *shared_state_lock);
 
-            self.set_style_mask_async(mask);
-            shared_state_lock.maximized
-        };
+        drop(shared_state_lock);
         trace!("Unocked shared state in `restore_state_from_fullscreen`");
+
+        self.set_style_mask_async(mask);
         self.set_maximized(maximized);
     }
 
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn set_minimized(&self, minimized: bool) {
+        let is_minimized: BOOL = unsafe { msg_send![*self.ns_window, isMiniaturized] };
+        let is_minimized: bool = is_minimized == YES;
+        if is_minimized == minimized {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        if minimized {
+            unsafe {
+                NSWindow::miniaturize_(*self.ns_window, *self.ns_window);
+            }
+        } else {
+            unsafe {
+                NSWindow::deminiaturize_(*self.ns_window, *self.ns_window);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
     #[inline]
     pub fn set_maximized(&self, maximized: bool) {
         let is_zoomed = self.is_zoomed();
@@ -627,44 +660,175 @@ impl UnownedWindow {
     }
 
     #[inline]
-    pub fn fullscreen(&self) -> Option<RootMonitorHandle> {
+    pub fn fullscreen(&self) -> Option<Fullscreen> {
         let shared_state_lock = self.shared_state.lock().unwrap();
         shared_state_lock.fullscreen.clone()
     }
 
     #[inline]
-    /// TODO: Right now set_fullscreen do not work on switching monitors
-    /// in fullscreen mode
-    pub fn set_fullscreen(&self, monitor: Option<RootMonitorHandle>) {
-        let shared_state_lock = self.shared_state.lock().unwrap();
+    pub fn set_fullscreen(&self, fullscreen: Option<Fullscreen>) {
+        trace!("Locked shared state in `set_fullscreen`");
+        let mut shared_state_lock = self.shared_state.lock().unwrap();
         if shared_state_lock.is_simple_fullscreen {
+            trace!("Unlocked shared state in `set_fullscreen`");
             return;
         }
-
-        let not_fullscreen = {
-            trace!("Locked shared state in `set_fullscreen`");
-            let current = &shared_state_lock.fullscreen;
-            match (current, monitor) {
-                (&Some(ref a), Some(ref b)) if a.inner != b.inner => {
-                    // Our best bet is probably to move to the origin of the
-                    // target monitor.
-                    unimplemented!()
-                }
-                (&None, None) | (&Some(_), Some(_)) => return,
-                _ => (),
-            }
+        if shared_state_lock.in_fullscreen_transition {
+            // We can't set fullscreen here.
+            // Set fullscreen after transition.
+            shared_state_lock.target_fullscreen = Some(fullscreen);
             trace!("Unlocked shared state in `set_fullscreen`");
-            current.is_none()
-        };
+            return;
+        }
+        let old_fullscreen = shared_state_lock.fullscreen.clone();
+        if fullscreen == old_fullscreen {
+            trace!("Unlocked shared state in `set_fullscreen`");
+            return;
+        }
+        trace!("Unlocked shared state in `set_fullscreen`");
+        drop(shared_state_lock);
 
-        unsafe {
-            util::toggle_full_screen_async(
-                *self.ns_window,
-                *self.ns_view,
-                not_fullscreen,
-                Arc::downgrade(&self.shared_state),
-            )
-        };
+        // If the fullscreen is on a different monitor, we must move the window
+        // to that monitor before we toggle fullscreen (as `toggleFullScreen`
+        // does not take a screen parameter, but uses the current screen)
+        if let Some(ref fullscreen) = fullscreen {
+            let new_screen = match fullscreen {
+                Fullscreen::Borderless(RootMonitorHandle { inner: ref monitor }) => monitor,
+                Fullscreen::Exclusive(RootVideoMode {
+                    video_mode: VideoMode { ref monitor, .. },
+                }) => monitor,
+            }
+            .ns_screen()
+            .unwrap();
+
+            unsafe {
+                let old_screen = NSWindow::screen(*self.ns_window);
+                if old_screen != new_screen {
+                    let mut screen_frame: NSRect = msg_send![new_screen, frame];
+                    // The coordinate system here has its origin at bottom-left
+                    // and Y goes up
+                    screen_frame.origin.y += screen_frame.size.height;
+                    util::set_frame_top_left_point_async(*self.ns_window, screen_frame.origin);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        if let Some(Fullscreen::Exclusive(ref video_mode)) = fullscreen {
+            // Note: `enterFullScreenMode:withOptions:` seems to do the exact
+            // same thing as we're doing here (captures the display, sets the
+            // video mode, and hides the menu bar and dock), with the exception
+            // of that I couldn't figure out how to set the display mode with
+            // it. I think `enterFullScreenMode:withOptions:` is still using the
+            // older display mode API where display modes were of the type
+            // `CFDictionary`, but this has changed, so we can't obtain the
+            // correct parameter for this any longer. Apple's code samples for
+            // this function seem to just pass in "YES" for the display mode
+            // parameter, which is not consistent with the docs saying that it
+            // takes a `NSDictionary`..
+
+            let display_id = video_mode.monitor().inner.native_identifier();
+
+            let mut fade_token = ffi::kCGDisplayFadeReservationInvalidToken;
+
+            unsafe {
+                // Fade to black (and wait for the fade to complete) to hide the
+                // flicker from capturing the display and switching display mode
+                if ffi::CGAcquireDisplayFadeReservation(5.0, &mut fade_token)
+                    == ffi::kCGErrorSuccess
+                {
+                    ffi::CGDisplayFade(
+                        fade_token,
+                        0.3,
+                        ffi::kCGDisplayBlendNormal,
+                        ffi::kCGDisplayBlendSolidColor,
+                        0.0,
+                        0.0,
+                        0.0,
+                        ffi::TRUE,
+                    );
+                }
+
+                assert_eq!(ffi::CGDisplayCapture(display_id), ffi::kCGErrorSuccess);
+            }
+
+            unsafe {
+                let result = ffi::CGDisplaySetDisplayMode(
+                    display_id,
+                    video_mode.video_mode.native_mode.0,
+                    std::ptr::null(),
+                );
+                assert!(result == ffi::kCGErrorSuccess, "failed to set video mode");
+
+                // After the display has been configured, fade back in
+                // asynchronously
+                if fade_token != ffi::kCGDisplayFadeReservationInvalidToken {
+                    ffi::CGDisplayFade(
+                        fade_token,
+                        0.6,
+                        ffi::kCGDisplayBlendSolidColor,
+                        ffi::kCGDisplayBlendNormal,
+                        0.0,
+                        0.0,
+                        0.0,
+                        ffi::FALSE,
+                    );
+                    ffi::CGReleaseDisplayFadeReservation(fade_token);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        trace!("Locked shared state in `set_fullscreen`");
+        let mut shared_state_lock = self.shared_state.lock().unwrap();
+        shared_state_lock.fullscreen = fullscreen.clone();
+        trace!("Unlocked shared state in `set_fullscreen`");
+
+        match (&old_fullscreen, &fullscreen) {
+            (&None, &Some(_)) => unsafe {
+                util::toggle_full_screen_async(
+                    *self.ns_window,
+                    *self.ns_view,
+                    old_fullscreen.is_none(),
+                    Arc::downgrade(&self.shared_state),
+                );
+            },
+            (&Some(Fullscreen::Borderless(_)), &None) => unsafe {
+                // State is restored by `window_did_exit_fullscreen`
+                util::toggle_full_screen_async(
+                    *self.ns_window,
+                    *self.ns_view,
+                    old_fullscreen.is_none(),
+                    Arc::downgrade(&self.shared_state),
+                );
+            },
+            (&Some(Fullscreen::Exclusive(RootVideoMode { ref video_mode })), &None) => unsafe {
+                util::restore_display_mode_async(video_mode.monitor().inner.native_identifier());
+                // Rest of the state is restored by `window_did_exit_fullscreen`
+                util::toggle_full_screen_async(
+                    *self.ns_window,
+                    *self.ns_view,
+                    old_fullscreen.is_none(),
+                    Arc::downgrade(&self.shared_state),
+                );
+            },
+            (&Some(Fullscreen::Borderless(_)), &Some(Fullscreen::Exclusive(_))) => unsafe {
+                // If we're already in fullscreen mode, calling
+                // `CGDisplayCapture` will place the shielding window on top of
+                // our window, which results in a black display and is not what
+                // we want. So, we must place our window on top of the shielding
+                // window. Unfortunately, this also makes our window be on top
+                // of the menu bar, and this looks broken, so we must make sure
+                // that the menu bar is disabled. This is done in the window
+                // delegate in `window:willUseFullScreenPresentationOptions:`.
+                let () = msg_send![*self.ns_window, setLevel: ffi::CGShieldingWindowLevel() + 1];
+            },
+            (
+                &Some(Fullscreen::Exclusive(RootVideoMode { ref video_mode })),
+                &Some(Fullscreen::Borderless(_)),
+            ) => unsafe {
+                util::restore_display_mode_async(video_mode.monitor().inner.native_identifier());
+            },
+            _ => (),
+        }
     }
 
     #[inline]
@@ -764,6 +928,16 @@ impl UnownedWindow {
     pub fn primary_monitor(&self) -> MonitorHandle {
         monitor::primary_monitor()
     }
+
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn raw_window_handle(&self) -> RawWindowHandle {
+        let handle = MacOSHandle {
+            ns_window: *self.ns_window as *mut _,
+            ns_view: *self.ns_view as *mut _,
+            ..MacOSHandle::empty()
+        };
+        RawWindowHandle::MacOS(handle)
+    }
 }
 
 impl WindowExtMacOS for UnownedWindow {

src/platform_impl/macos/window_delegate.rs

@@ -5,9 +5,9 @@ use std::{
 };
 
 use cocoa::{
-    appkit::{self, NSView, NSWindow},
+    appkit::{self, NSApplicationPresentationOptions, NSView, NSWindow},
     base::{id, nil},
-    foundation::NSAutoreleasePool,
+    foundation::{NSAutoreleasePool, NSUInteger},
 };
 use objc::{
     declare::ClassDecl,
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ use crate::{
         util::{self, IdRef},
         window::{get_window_id, UnownedWindow},
     },
-    window::WindowId,
+    window::{Fullscreen, WindowId},
 };
 
 pub struct WindowDelegateState {
@@ -84,11 +84,7 @@ impl WindowDelegateState {
     pub fn emit_resize_event(&mut self) {
         let rect = unsafe { NSView::frame(*self.ns_view) };
         let size = LogicalSize::new(rect.size.width as f64, rect.size.height as f64);
-        let event = Event::WindowEvent {
-            window_id: WindowId(get_window_id(*self.ns_window)),
-            event: WindowEvent::Resized(size),
-        };
-        AppState::send_event_immediately(event);
+        self.emit_event(WindowEvent::Resized(size));
     }
 
     fn emit_move_event(&mut self) {
@@ -182,6 +178,11 @@ lazy_static! {
             dragging_exited as extern "C" fn(&Object, Sel, id),
         );
 
+        decl.add_method(
+            sel!(window:willUseFullScreenPresentationOptions:),
+            window_will_use_fullscreen_presentation_options
+                as extern "C" fn(&Object, Sel, id, NSUInteger) -> NSUInteger,
+        );
         decl.add_method(
             sel!(windowDidEnterFullScreen:),
             window_did_enter_fullscreen as extern "C" fn(&Object, Sel, id),
@@ -194,6 +195,10 @@ lazy_static! {
             sel!(windowDidExitFullScreen:),
             window_did_exit_fullscreen as extern "C" fn(&Object, Sel, id),
         );
+        decl.add_method(
+            sel!(windowWillExitFullScreen:),
+            window_will_exit_fullscreen as extern "C" fn(&Object, Sel, id),
+        );
         decl.add_method(
             sel!(windowDidFailToEnterFullScreen:),
             window_did_fail_to_enter_fullscreen as extern "C" fn(&Object, Sel, id),
@@ -401,24 +406,80 @@ extern "C" fn window_will_enter_fullscreen(this: &Object, _: Sel, _: id) {
     with_state(this, |state| {
         state.with_window(|window| {
             trace!("Locked shared state in `window_will_enter_fullscreen`");
-            window.shared_state.lock().unwrap().maximized = window.is_zoomed();
+            let mut shared_state = window.shared_state.lock().unwrap();
+            shared_state.maximized = window.is_zoomed();
+            match shared_state.fullscreen {
+                // Exclusive mode sets the state in `set_fullscreen` as the user
+                // can't enter exclusive mode by other means (like the
+                // fullscreen button on the window decorations)
+                Some(Fullscreen::Exclusive(_)) => (),
+                // `window_will_enter_fullscreen` was triggered and we're already
+                // in fullscreen, so we must've reached here by `set_fullscreen`
+                // as it updates the state
+                Some(Fullscreen::Borderless(_)) => (),
+                // Otherwise, we must've reached fullscreen by the user clicking
+                // on the green fullscreen button. Update state!
+                None => {
+                    shared_state.fullscreen = Some(Fullscreen::Borderless(window.current_monitor()))
+                }
+            }
+            shared_state.in_fullscreen_transition = true;
             trace!("Unlocked shared state in `window_will_enter_fullscreen`");
         })
     });
     trace!("Completed `windowWillEnterFullscreen:`");
 }
 
+/// Invoked when before exit fullscreen
+extern "C" fn window_will_exit_fullscreen(this: &Object, _: Sel, _: id) {
+    trace!("Triggered `windowWillExitFullScreen:`");
+    with_state(this, |state| {
+        state.with_window(|window| {
+            trace!("Locked shared state in `window_will_exit_fullscreen`");
+            let mut shared_state = window.shared_state.lock().unwrap();
+            shared_state.in_fullscreen_transition = true;
+            trace!("Unlocked shared state in `window_will_exit_fullscreen`");
+        });
+    });
+    trace!("Completed `windowWillExitFullScreen:`");
+}
+
+extern "C" fn window_will_use_fullscreen_presentation_options(
+    _this: &Object,
+    _: Sel,
+    _: id,
+    _proposed_options: NSUInteger,
+) -> NSUInteger {
+    // Generally, games will want to disable the menu bar and the dock. Ideally,
+    // this would be configurable by the user. Unfortunately because of our
+    // `CGShieldingWindowLevel() + 1` hack (see `set_fullscreen`), our window is
+    // placed on top of the menu bar in exclusive fullscreen mode. This looks
+    // broken so we always disable the menu bar in exclusive fullscreen. We may
+    // still want to make this configurable for borderless fullscreen. Right now
+    // we don't, for consistency. If we do, it should be documented that the
+    // user-provided options are ignored in exclusive fullscreen.
+    (NSApplicationPresentationOptions::NSApplicationPresentationFullScreen
+        | NSApplicationPresentationOptions::NSApplicationPresentationHideDock
+        | NSApplicationPresentationOptions::NSApplicationPresentationHideMenuBar)
+        .bits()
+}
+
 /// Invoked when entered fullscreen
 extern "C" fn window_did_enter_fullscreen(this: &Object, _: Sel, _: id) {
     trace!("Triggered `windowDidEnterFullscreen:`");
     with_state(this, |state| {
-        state.with_window(|window| {
-            let monitor = window.current_monitor();
-            trace!("Locked shared state in `window_did_enter_fullscreen`");
-            window.shared_state.lock().unwrap().fullscreen = Some(monitor);
-            trace!("Unlocked shared state in `window_will_enter_fullscreen`");
-        });
         state.initial_fullscreen = false;
+        state.with_window(|window| {
+            trace!("Locked shared state in `window_did_enter_fullscreen`");
+            let mut shared_state = window.shared_state.lock().unwrap();
+            shared_state.in_fullscreen_transition = false;
+            let target_fullscreen = shared_state.target_fullscreen.take();
+            trace!("Unlocked shared state in `window_did_enter_fullscreen`");
+            drop(shared_state);
+            if let Some(target_fullscreen) = target_fullscreen {
+                window.set_fullscreen(target_fullscreen);
+            }
+        });
     });
     trace!("Completed `windowDidEnterFullscreen:`");
 }
@@ -429,6 +490,15 @@ extern "C" fn window_did_exit_fullscreen(this: &Object, _: Sel, _: id) {
     with_state(this, |state| {
         state.with_window(|window| {
             window.restore_state_from_fullscreen();
+            trace!("Locked shared state in `window_did_exit_fullscreen`");
+            let mut shared_state = window.shared_state.lock().unwrap();
+            shared_state.in_fullscreen_transition = false;
+            let target_fullscreen = shared_state.target_fullscreen.take();
+            trace!("Unlocked shared state in `window_did_exit_fullscreen`");
+            drop(shared_state);
+            if let Some(target_fullscreen) = target_fullscreen {
+                window.set_fullscreen(target_fullscreen);
+            }
         })
     });
     trace!("Completed `windowDidExitFullscreen:`");
@@ -453,6 +523,13 @@ extern "C" fn window_did_exit_fullscreen(this: &Object, _: Sel, _: id) {
 extern "C" fn window_did_fail_to_enter_fullscreen(this: &Object, _: Sel, _: id) {
     trace!("Triggered `windowDidFailToEnterFullscreen:`");
     with_state(this, |state| {
+        state.with_window(|window| {
+            trace!("Locked shared state in `window_did_fail_to_enter_fullscreen`");
+            let mut shared_state = window.shared_state.lock().unwrap();
+            shared_state.in_fullscreen_transition = false;
+            shared_state.target_fullscreen = None;
+            trace!("Unlocked shared state in `window_did_fail_to_enter_fullscreen`");
+        });
         if state.initial_fullscreen {
             let _: () = unsafe {
                 msg_send![*state.ns_window,

src/platform_impl/mod.rs

@@ -21,8 +21,8 @@ mod platform;
 #[cfg(target_os = "ios")]
 #[path = "ios/mod.rs"]
 mod platform;
-#[cfg(target_os = "emscripten")]
-#[path = "emscripten/mod.rs"]
+#[cfg(target_arch = "wasm32")]
+#[path = "web/mod.rs"]
 mod platform;
 
 #[cfg(all(
@@ -35,6 +35,6 @@ mod platform;
     not(target_os = "freebsd"),
     not(target_os = "netbsd"),
     not(target_os = "openbsd"),
-    not(target_os = "emscripten")
+    not(target_arch = "wasm32"),
 ))]
 compile_error!("The platform you're compiling for is not supported by winit");

src/platform_impl/web/device.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord, Hash)]
+pub struct Id(pub i32);
+
+impl Id {
+    pub unsafe fn dummy() -> Self {
+        Id(0)
+    }
+}

src/platform_impl/web/error.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+use std::fmt;
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub struct OsError(pub String);
+
+impl fmt::Display for OsError {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
+        write!(f, "{}", self.0)
+    }
+}

src/platform_impl/web/event_loop/mod.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+mod proxy;
+mod runner;
+mod state;
+mod window_target;
+
+pub use self::proxy::Proxy;
+pub use self::window_target::WindowTarget;
+
+use super::{backend, device, monitor, window};
+use crate::event::Event;
+use crate::event_loop as root;
+
+use std::collections::{vec_deque::IntoIter as VecDequeIter, VecDeque};
+use std::marker::PhantomData;
+
+pub struct EventLoop<T: 'static> {
+    elw: root::EventLoopWindowTarget<T>,
+}
+
+impl<T> EventLoop<T> {
+    pub fn new() -> Self {
+        EventLoop {
+            elw: root::EventLoopWindowTarget {
+                p: WindowTarget::new(),
+                _marker: PhantomData,
+            },
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn available_monitors(&self) -> VecDequeIter<monitor::Handle> {
+        VecDeque::new().into_iter()
+    }
+
+    pub fn primary_monitor(&self) -> monitor::Handle {
+        monitor::Handle
+    }
+
+    pub fn run<F>(self, mut event_handler: F) -> !
+    where
+        F: 'static + FnMut(Event<T>, &root::EventLoopWindowTarget<T>, &mut root::ControlFlow),
+    {
+        let target = root::EventLoopWindowTarget {
+            p: self.elw.p.clone(),
+            _marker: PhantomData,
+        };
+
+        self.elw.p.run(Box::new(move |event, flow| {
+            event_handler(event, &target, flow)
+        }));
+
+        // Throw an exception to break out of Rust exceution and use unreachable to tell the
+        // compiler this function won't return, giving it a return type of '!'
+        backend::throw(
+            "Using exceptions for control flow, don't mind me. This isn't actually an error!",
+        );
+
+        unreachable!();
+    }
+
+    pub fn create_proxy(&self) -> Proxy<T> {
+        self.elw.p.proxy()
+    }
+
+    pub fn window_target(&self) -> &root::EventLoopWindowTarget<T> {
+        &self.elw
+    }
+}

src/platform_impl/web/event_loop/proxy.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+use super::runner;
+use crate::event::Event;
+use crate::event_loop::EventLoopClosed;
+
+pub struct Proxy<T: 'static> {
+    runner: runner::Shared<T>,
+}
+
+impl<T: 'static> Proxy<T> {
+    pub fn new(runner: runner::Shared<T>) -> Self {
+        Proxy { runner }
+    }
+
+    pub fn send_event(&self, event: T) -> Result<(), EventLoopClosed<T>> {
+        self.runner.send_event(Event::UserEvent(event));
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
+
+impl<T: 'static> Clone for Proxy<T> {
+    fn clone(&self) -> Self {
+        Proxy {
+            runner: self.runner.clone(),
+        }
+    }
+}

src/platform_impl/web/event_loop/runner.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,251 @@
+use super::{backend, state::State};
+use crate::event::{Event, StartCause};
+use crate::event_loop as root;
+use crate::window::WindowId;
+
+use instant::{Duration, Instant};
+use std::{
+    cell::RefCell,
+    clone::Clone,
+    collections::{HashSet, VecDeque},
+    rc::Rc,
+};
+
+pub struct Shared<T>(Rc<Execution<T>>);
+
+impl<T> Clone for Shared<T> {
+    fn clone(&self) -> Self {
+        Shared(self.0.clone())
+    }
+}
+
+pub struct Execution<T> {
+    runner: RefCell<Option<Runner<T>>>,
+    events: RefCell<VecDeque<Event<T>>>,
+    id: RefCell<u32>,
+    redraw_pending: RefCell<HashSet<WindowId>>,
+}
+
+struct Runner<T> {
+    state: State,
+    is_busy: bool,
+    event_handler: Box<dyn FnMut(Event<T>, &mut root::ControlFlow)>,
+}
+
+impl<T: 'static> Runner<T> {
+    pub fn new(event_handler: Box<dyn FnMut(Event<T>, &mut root::ControlFlow)>) -> Self {
+        Runner {
+            state: State::Init,
+            is_busy: false,
+            event_handler,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<T: 'static> Shared<T> {
+    pub fn new() -> Self {
+        Shared(Rc::new(Execution {
+            runner: RefCell::new(None),
+            events: RefCell::new(VecDeque::new()),
+            id: RefCell::new(0),
+            redraw_pending: RefCell::new(HashSet::new()),
+        }))
+    }
+
+    // Set the event callback to use for the event loop runner
+    // This the event callback is a fairly thin layer over the user-provided callback that closes
+    // over a RootEventLoopWindowTarget reference
+    pub fn set_listener(&self, event_handler: Box<dyn FnMut(Event<T>, &mut root::ControlFlow)>) {
+        self.0.runner.replace(Some(Runner::new(event_handler)));
+        self.send_event(Event::NewEvents(StartCause::Init));
+
+        let close_instance = self.clone();
+        backend::on_unload(move || close_instance.handle_unload());
+    }
+
+    // Generate a strictly increasing ID
+    // This is used to differentiate windows when handling events
+    pub fn generate_id(&self) -> u32 {
+        let mut id = self.0.id.borrow_mut();
+        *id += 1;
+
+        *id
+    }
+
+    pub fn request_redraw(&self, id: WindowId) {
+        self.0.redraw_pending.borrow_mut().insert(id);
+    }
+
+    // Add an event to the event loop runner
+    //
+    // It will determine if the event should be immediately sent to the user or buffered for later
+    pub fn send_event(&self, event: Event<T>) {
+        // If the event loop is closed, it should discard any new events
+        if self.is_closed() {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        // Determine if event handling is in process, and then release the borrow on the runner
+        let (start_cause, event_is_start) = match *self.0.runner.borrow() {
+            Some(ref runner) if !runner.is_busy => {
+                if let Event::NewEvents(cause) = event {
+                    (cause, true)
+                } else {
+                    (
+                        match runner.state {
+                            State::Init => StartCause::Init,
+                            State::Poll { .. } => StartCause::Poll,
+                            State::Wait { start } => StartCause::WaitCancelled {
+                                start,
+                                requested_resume: None,
+                            },
+                            State::WaitUntil { start, end, .. } => StartCause::WaitCancelled {
+                                start,
+                                requested_resume: Some(end),
+                            },
+                            State::Exit => {
+                                return;
+                            }
+                        },
+                        false,
+                    )
+                }
+            }
+            _ => {
+                // Events are currently being handled, so queue this one and don't try to
+                // double-process the event queue
+                self.0.events.borrow_mut().push_back(event);
+                return;
+            }
+        };
+        let mut control = self.current_control_flow();
+        // Handle starting a new batch of events
+        //
+        // The user is informed via Event::NewEvents that there is a batch of events to process
+        // However, there is only one of these per batch of events
+        self.handle_event(Event::NewEvents(start_cause), &mut control);
+        if !event_is_start {
+            self.handle_event(event, &mut control);
+        }
+        self.handle_event(Event::MainEventsCleared, &mut control);
+
+        // Collect all of the redraw events to avoid double-locking the RefCell
+        let redraw_events: Vec<WindowId> = self.0.redraw_pending.borrow_mut().drain().collect();
+        for window_id in redraw_events {
+            self.handle_event(Event::RedrawRequested(window_id), &mut control);
+        }
+        self.handle_event(Event::RedrawEventsCleared, &mut control);
+
+        self.apply_control_flow(control);
+        // If the event loop is closed, it has been closed this iteration and now the closing
+        // event should be emitted
+        if self.is_closed() {
+            self.handle_event(Event::LoopDestroyed, &mut control);
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn handle_unload(&self) {
+        self.apply_control_flow(root::ControlFlow::Exit);
+        let mut control = self.current_control_flow();
+        self.handle_event(Event::LoopDestroyed, &mut control);
+    }
+
+    // handle_event takes in events and either queues them or applies a callback
+    //
+    // It should only ever be called from send_event
+    fn handle_event(&self, event: Event<T>, control: &mut root::ControlFlow) {
+        let is_closed = self.is_closed();
+
+        match *self.0.runner.borrow_mut() {
+            Some(ref mut runner) => {
+                // An event is being processed, so the runner should be marked busy
+                runner.is_busy = true;
+
+                (runner.event_handler)(event, control);
+
+                // Maintain closed state, even if the callback changes it
+                if is_closed {
+                    *control = root::ControlFlow::Exit;
+                }
+
+                // An event is no longer being processed
+                runner.is_busy = false;
+            }
+            // If an event is being handled without a runner somehow, add it to the event queue so
+            // it will eventually be processed
+            _ => self.0.events.borrow_mut().push_back(event),
+        }
+
+        // Don't take events out of the queue if the loop is closed or the runner doesn't exist
+        // If the runner doesn't exist and this method recurses, it will recurse infinitely
+        if !is_closed && self.0.runner.borrow().is_some() {
+            // Take an event out of the queue and handle it
+            if let Some(event) = self.0.events.borrow_mut().pop_front() {
+                self.handle_event(event, control);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Apply the new ControlFlow that has been selected by the user
+    // Start any necessary timeouts etc
+    fn apply_control_flow(&self, control_flow: root::ControlFlow) {
+        let new_state = match control_flow {
+            root::ControlFlow::Poll => {
+                let cloned = self.clone();
+                State::Poll {
+                    timeout: backend::Timeout::new(
+                        move || cloned.send_event(Event::NewEvents(StartCause::Poll)),
+                        Duration::from_millis(0),
+                    ),
+                }
+            }
+            root::ControlFlow::Wait => State::Wait {
+                start: Instant::now(),
+            },
+            root::ControlFlow::WaitUntil(end) => {
+                let start = Instant::now();
+
+                let delay = if end <= start {
+                    Duration::from_millis(0)
+                } else {
+                    end - start
+                };
+
+                let cloned = self.clone();
+
+                State::WaitUntil {
+                    start,
+                    end,
+                    timeout: backend::Timeout::new(
+                        move || cloned.send_event(Event::NewEvents(StartCause::Poll)),
+                        delay,
+                    ),
+                }
+            }
+            root::ControlFlow::Exit => State::Exit,
+        };
+
+        match *self.0.runner.borrow_mut() {
+            Some(ref mut runner) => {
+                runner.state = new_state;
+            }
+            None => (),
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Check if the event loop is currently closed
+    fn is_closed(&self) -> bool {
+        match *self.0.runner.borrow() {
+            Some(ref runner) => runner.state.is_exit(),
+            None => false, // If the event loop is None, it has not been intialised yet, so it cannot be closed
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Get the current control flow state
+    fn current_control_flow(&self) -> root::ControlFlow {
+        match *self.0.runner.borrow() {
+            Some(ref runner) => runner.state.control_flow(),
+            None => root::ControlFlow::Poll,
+        }
+    }
+}

src/platform_impl/web/event_loop/state.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+use super::backend;
+use crate::event_loop::ControlFlow;
+
+use instant::Instant;
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub enum State {
+    Init,
+    WaitUntil {
+        timeout: backend::Timeout,
+        start: Instant,
+        end: Instant,
+    },
+    Wait {
+        start: Instant,
+    },
+    Poll {
+        timeout: backend::Timeout,
+    },
+    Exit,
+}
+
+impl State {
+    pub fn is_exit(&self) -> bool {
+        match self {
+            State::Exit => true,
+            _ => false,
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn control_flow(&self) -> ControlFlow {
+        match self {
+            State::Init => ControlFlow::Poll,
+            State::WaitUntil { end, .. } => ControlFlow::WaitUntil(*end),
+            State::Wait { .. } => ControlFlow::Wait,
+            State::Poll { .. } => ControlFlow::Poll,
+            State::Exit => ControlFlow::Exit,
+        }
+    }
+}

src/platform_impl/web/event_loop/window_target.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,199 @@
+use super::{backend, device, proxy::Proxy, runner, window};
+use crate::dpi::LogicalSize;
+use crate::event::{DeviceId, ElementState, Event, KeyboardInput, TouchPhase, WindowEvent};
+use crate::event_loop::ControlFlow;
+use crate::window::WindowId;
+use std::clone::Clone;
+
+pub struct WindowTarget<T: 'static> {
+    pub(crate) runner: runner::Shared<T>,
+}
+
+impl<T> Clone for WindowTarget<T> {
+    fn clone(&self) -> Self {
+        WindowTarget {
+            runner: self.runner.clone(),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<T> WindowTarget<T> {
+    pub fn new() -> Self {
+        WindowTarget {
+            runner: runner::Shared::new(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn proxy(&self) -> Proxy<T> {
+        Proxy::new(self.runner.clone())
+    }
+
+    pub fn run(&self, event_handler: Box<dyn FnMut(Event<T>, &mut ControlFlow)>) {
+        self.runner.set_listener(event_handler);
+    }
+
+    pub fn generate_id(&self) -> window::Id {
+        window::Id(self.runner.generate_id())
+    }
+
+    pub fn register(&self, canvas: &mut backend::Canvas, id: window::Id) {
+        let runner = self.runner.clone();
+        canvas.set_attribute("data-raw-handle", &id.0.to_string());
+
+        canvas.on_blur(move || {
+            runner.send_event(Event::WindowEvent {
+                window_id: WindowId(id),
+                event: WindowEvent::Focused(false),
+            });
+        });
+
+        let runner = self.runner.clone();
+        canvas.on_focus(move || {
+            runner.send_event(Event::WindowEvent {
+                window_id: WindowId(id),
+                event: WindowEvent::Focused(true),
+            });
+        });
+
+        let runner = self.runner.clone();
+        canvas.on_keyboard_press(move |scancode, virtual_keycode, modifiers| {
+            runner.send_event(Event::WindowEvent {
+                window_id: WindowId(id),
+                event: WindowEvent::KeyboardInput {
+                    device_id: DeviceId(unsafe { device::Id::dummy() }),
+                    input: KeyboardInput {
+                        scancode,
+                        state: ElementState::Pressed,
+                        virtual_keycode,
+                        modifiers,
+                    },
+                    is_synthetic: false,
+                },
+            });
+        });
+
+        let runner = self.runner.clone();
+        canvas.on_keyboard_release(move |scancode, virtual_keycode, modifiers| {
+            runner.send_event(Event::WindowEvent {
+                window_id: WindowId(id),
+                event: WindowEvent::KeyboardInput {
+                    device_id: DeviceId(unsafe { device::Id::dummy() }),
+                    input: KeyboardInput {
+                        scancode,
+                        state: ElementState::Released,
+                        virtual_keycode,
+                        modifiers,
+                    },
+                    is_synthetic: false,
+                },
+            });
+        });
+
+        let runner = self.runner.clone();
+        canvas.on_received_character(move |char_code| {
+            runner.send_event(Event::WindowEvent {
+                window_id: WindowId(id),
+                event: WindowEvent::ReceivedCharacter(char_code),
+            });
+        });
+
+        let runner = self.runner.clone();
+        canvas.on_cursor_leave(move |pointer_id| {
+            runner.send_event(Event::WindowEvent {
+                window_id: WindowId(id),
+                event: WindowEvent::CursorLeft {
+                    device_id: DeviceId(device::Id(pointer_id)),
+                },
+            });
+        });
+
+        let runner = self.runner.clone();
+        canvas.on_cursor_enter(move |pointer_id| {
+            runner.send_event(Event::WindowEvent {
+                window_id: WindowId(id),
+                event: WindowEvent::CursorEntered {
+                    device_id: DeviceId(device::Id(pointer_id)),
+                },
+            });
+        });
+
+        let runner = self.runner.clone();
+        canvas.on_cursor_move(move |pointer_id, position, modifiers| {
+            runner.send_event(Event::WindowEvent {
+                window_id: WindowId(id),
+                event: WindowEvent::CursorMoved {
+                    device_id: DeviceId(device::Id(pointer_id)),
+                    position,
+                    modifiers,
+                },
+            });
+        });
+
+        let runner = self.runner.clone();
+        canvas.on_mouse_press(move |pointer_id, button, modifiers| {
+            runner.send_event(Event::WindowEvent {
+                window_id: WindowId(id),
+                event: WindowEvent::MouseInput {
+                    device_id: DeviceId(device::Id(pointer_id)),
+                    state: ElementState::Pressed,
+                    button,
+                    modifiers,
+                },
+            });
+        });
+
+        let runner = self.runner.clone();
+        canvas.on_mouse_release(move |pointer_id, button, modifiers| {
+            runner.send_event(Event::WindowEvent {
+                window_id: WindowId(id),
+                event: WindowEvent::MouseInput {
+                    device_id: DeviceId(device::Id(pointer_id)),
+                    state: ElementState::Released,
+                    button,
+                    modifiers,
+                },
+            });
+        });
+
+        let runner = self.runner.clone();
+        canvas.on_mouse_wheel(move |pointer_id, delta, modifiers| {
+            runner.send_event(Event::WindowEvent {
+                window_id: WindowId(id),
+                event: WindowEvent::MouseWheel {
+                    device_id: DeviceId(device::Id(pointer_id)),
+                    delta,
+                    phase: TouchPhase::Moved,
+                    modifiers,
+                },
+            });
+        });
+
+        let runner = self.runner.clone();
+        let raw = canvas.raw().clone();
+        let mut intended_size = LogicalSize {
+            width: raw.width() as f64,
+            height: raw.height() as f64,
+        };
+        canvas.on_fullscreen_change(move || {
+            // If the canvas is marked as fullscreen, it is moving *into* fullscreen
+            // If it is not, it is moving *out of* fullscreen
+            let new_size = if backend::is_fullscreen(&raw) {
+                intended_size = LogicalSize {
+                    width: raw.width() as f64,
+                    height: raw.height() as f64,
+                };
+
+                backend::window_size()
+            } else {
+                intended_size
+            };
+            raw.set_width(new_size.width as u32);
+            raw.set_height(new_size.height as u32);
+            runner.send_event(Event::WindowEvent {
+                window_id: WindowId(id),
+                event: WindowEvent::Resized(new_size),
+            });
+            runner.request_redraw(WindowId(id));
+        });
+    }
+}

src/platform_impl/web/mod.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+// TODO: close events (port from old stdweb branch)
+// TODO: pointer locking (stdweb PR required)
+// TODO: fullscreen API (stdweb PR required)
+
+mod device;
+mod error;
+mod event_loop;
+mod monitor;
+mod window;
+
+#[cfg(feature = "web-sys")]
+#[path = "web_sys/mod.rs"]
+mod backend;
+
+#[cfg(feature = "stdweb")]
+#[path = "stdweb/mod.rs"]
+mod backend;
+
+#[cfg(not(any(feature = "web-sys", feature = "stdweb")))]
+compile_error!("Please select a feature to build for web: `web-sys`, `stdweb`");
+
+pub use self::device::Id as DeviceId;
+pub use self::error::OsError;
+pub use self::event_loop::{
+    EventLoop, Proxy as EventLoopProxy, WindowTarget as EventLoopWindowTarget,
+};
+pub use self::monitor::{Handle as MonitorHandle, Mode as VideoMode};
+pub use self::window::{
+    Id as WindowId, PlatformSpecificBuilderAttributes as PlatformSpecificWindowBuilderAttributes,
+    Window,
+};

src/platform_impl/web/monitor.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+use crate::dpi::{PhysicalPosition, PhysicalSize};
+use crate::monitor::{MonitorHandle, VideoMode};
+
+#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord, Hash)]
+pub struct Handle;
+
+impl Handle {
+    pub fn hidpi_factor(&self) -> f64 {
+        1.0
+    }
+
+    pub fn position(&self) -> PhysicalPosition {
+        PhysicalPosition { x: 0.0, y: 0.0 }
+    }
+
+    pub fn name(&self) -> Option<String> {
+        None
+    }
+
+    pub fn size(&self) -> PhysicalSize {
+        PhysicalSize {
+            width: 0.0,
+            height: 0.0,
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn video_modes(&self) -> impl Iterator<Item = VideoMode> {
+        std::iter::empty()
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
+pub struct Mode;
+
+impl Mode {
+    pub fn size(&self) -> PhysicalSize {
+        unimplemented!();
+    }
+
+    pub fn bit_depth(&self) -> u16 {
+        unimplemented!();
+    }
+
+    pub fn refresh_rate(&self) -> u16 {
+        32
+    }
+
+    pub fn monitor(&self) -> MonitorHandle {
+        MonitorHandle { inner: Handle }
+    }
+}

src/platform_impl/web/stdweb/canvas.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,282 @@
+use super::event;
+use crate::dpi::{LogicalPosition, LogicalSize};
+use crate::error::OsError as RootOE;
+use crate::event::{ModifiersState, MouseButton, MouseScrollDelta, ScanCode, VirtualKeyCode};
+use crate::platform_impl::OsError;
+
+use std::cell::RefCell;
+use std::rc::Rc;
+use stdweb::traits::IPointerEvent;
+use stdweb::unstable::TryInto;
+use stdweb::web::event::{
+    BlurEvent, ConcreteEvent, FocusEvent, FullscreenChangeEvent, KeyDownEvent, KeyPressEvent,
+    KeyUpEvent, MouseWheelEvent, PointerDownEvent, PointerMoveEvent, PointerOutEvent,
+    PointerOverEvent, PointerUpEvent,
+};
+use stdweb::web::html_element::CanvasElement;
+use stdweb::web::{
+    document, EventListenerHandle, IChildNode, IElement, IEventTarget, IHtmlElement,
+};
+
+pub struct Canvas {
+    raw: CanvasElement,
+    on_focus: Option<EventListenerHandle>,
+    on_blur: Option<EventListenerHandle>,
+    on_keyboard_release: Option<EventListenerHandle>,
+    on_keyboard_press: Option<EventListenerHandle>,
+    on_received_character: Option<EventListenerHandle>,
+    on_cursor_leave: Option<EventListenerHandle>,
+    on_cursor_enter: Option<EventListenerHandle>,
+    on_cursor_move: Option<EventListenerHandle>,
+    on_mouse_press: Option<EventListenerHandle>,
+    on_mouse_release: Option<EventListenerHandle>,
+    on_mouse_wheel: Option<EventListenerHandle>,
+    on_fullscreen_change: Option<EventListenerHandle>,
+    wants_fullscreen: Rc<RefCell<bool>>,
+}
+
+impl Drop for Canvas {
+    fn drop(&mut self) {
+        self.raw.remove();
+    }
+}
+
+impl Canvas {
+    pub fn create() -> Result<Self, RootOE> {
+        let canvas: CanvasElement = document()
+            .create_element("canvas")
+            .map_err(|_| os_error!(OsError("Failed to create canvas element".to_owned())))?
+            .try_into()
+            .map_err(|_| os_error!(OsError("Failed to create canvas element".to_owned())))?;
+
+        // A tabindex is needed in order to capture local keyboard events.
+        // A "0" value means that the element should be focusable in
+        // sequential keyboard navigation, but its order is defined by the
+        // document's source order.
+        // https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Global_attributes/tabindex
+        canvas
+            .set_attribute("tabindex", "0")
+            .map_err(|_| os_error!(OsError("Failed to set a tabindex".to_owned())))?;
+
+        Ok(Canvas {
+            raw: canvas,
+            on_blur: None,
+            on_focus: None,
+            on_keyboard_release: None,
+            on_keyboard_press: None,
+            on_received_character: None,
+            on_cursor_leave: None,
+            on_cursor_enter: None,
+            on_cursor_move: None,
+            on_mouse_release: None,
+            on_mouse_press: None,
+            on_mouse_wheel: None,
+            on_fullscreen_change: None,
+            wants_fullscreen: Rc::new(RefCell::new(false)),
+        })
+    }
+
+    pub fn set_attribute(&self, attribute: &str, value: &str) {
+        self.raw
+            .set_attribute(attribute, value)
+            .expect(&format!("Set attribute: {}", attribute));
+    }
+
+    pub fn position(&self) -> (f64, f64) {
+        let bounds = self.raw.get_bounding_client_rect();
+
+        (bounds.get_x(), bounds.get_y())
+    }
+
+    pub fn width(&self) -> f64 {
+        self.raw.width() as f64
+    }
+
+    pub fn height(&self) -> f64 {
+        self.raw.height() as f64
+    }
+
+    pub fn set_size(&self, size: LogicalSize) {
+        self.raw.set_width(size.width as u32);
+        self.raw.set_height(size.height as u32);
+    }
+
+    pub fn raw(&self) -> &CanvasElement {
+        &self.raw
+    }
+
+    pub fn on_blur<F>(&mut self, mut handler: F)
+    where
+        F: 'static + FnMut(),
+    {
+        self.on_blur = Some(self.add_event(move |_: BlurEvent| {
+            handler();
+        }));
+    }
+
+    pub fn on_focus<F>(&mut self, mut handler: F)
+    where
+        F: 'static + FnMut(),
+    {
+        self.on_focus = Some(self.add_event(move |_: FocusEvent| {
+            handler();
+        }));
+    }
+
+    pub fn on_keyboard_release<F>(&mut self, mut handler: F)
+    where
+        F: 'static + FnMut(ScanCode, Option<VirtualKeyCode>, ModifiersState),
+    {
+        self.on_keyboard_release = Some(self.add_user_event(move |event: KeyUpEvent| {
+            handler(
+                event::scan_code(&event),
+                event::virtual_key_code(&event),
+                event::keyboard_modifiers(&event),
+            );
+        }));
+    }
+
+    pub fn on_keyboard_press<F>(&mut self, mut handler: F)
+    where
+        F: 'static + FnMut(ScanCode, Option<VirtualKeyCode>, ModifiersState),
+    {
+        self.on_keyboard_press = Some(self.add_user_event(move |event: KeyDownEvent| {
+            handler(
+                event::scan_code(&event),
+                event::virtual_key_code(&event),
+                event::keyboard_modifiers(&event),
+            );
+        }));
+    }
+
+    pub fn on_received_character<F>(&mut self, mut handler: F)
+    where
+        F: 'static + FnMut(char),
+    {
+        // TODO: Use `beforeinput`.
+        //
+        // The `keypress` event is deprecated, but there does not seem to be a
+        // viable/compatible alternative as of now. `beforeinput` is still widely
+        // unsupported.
+        self.on_received_character = Some(self.add_user_event(move |event: KeyPressEvent| {
+            handler(event::codepoint(&event));
+        }));
+    }
+
+    pub fn on_cursor_leave<F>(&mut self, mut handler: F)
+    where
+        F: 'static + FnMut(i32),
+    {
+        self.on_cursor_leave = Some(self.add_event(move |event: PointerOutEvent| {
+            handler(event.pointer_id());
+        }));
+    }
+
+    pub fn on_cursor_enter<F>(&mut self, mut handler: F)
+    where
+        F: 'static + FnMut(i32),
+    {
+        self.on_cursor_enter = Some(self.add_event(move |event: PointerOverEvent| {
+            handler(event.pointer_id());
+        }));
+    }
+
+    pub fn on_mouse_release<F>(&mut self, mut handler: F)
+    where
+        F: 'static + FnMut(i32, MouseButton, ModifiersState),
+    {
+        self.on_mouse_release = Some(self.add_user_event(move |event: PointerUpEvent| {
+            handler(
+                event.pointer_id(),
+                event::mouse_button(&event),
+                event::mouse_modifiers(&event),
+            );
+        }));
+    }
+
+    pub fn on_mouse_press<F>(&mut self, mut handler: F)
+    where
+        F: 'static + FnMut(i32, MouseButton, ModifiersState),
+    {
+        self.on_mouse_press = Some(self.add_user_event(move |event: PointerDownEvent| {
+            handler(
+                event.pointer_id(),
+                event::mouse_button(&event),
+                event::mouse_modifiers(&event),
+            );
+        }));
+    }
+
+    pub fn on_cursor_move<F>(&mut self, mut handler: F)
+    where
+        F: 'static + FnMut(i32, LogicalPosition, ModifiersState),
+    {
+        self.on_cursor_move = Some(self.add_event(move |event: PointerMoveEvent| {
+            handler(
+                event.pointer_id(),
+                event::mouse_position(&event),
+                event::mouse_modifiers(&event),
+            );
+        }));
+    }
+
+    pub fn on_mouse_wheel<F>(&mut self, mut handler: F)
+    where
+        F: 'static + FnMut(i32, MouseScrollDelta, ModifiersState),
+    {
+        self.on_mouse_wheel = Some(self.add_event(move |event: MouseWheelEvent| {
+            if let Some(delta) = event::mouse_scroll_delta(&event) {
+                handler(0, delta, event::mouse_modifiers(&event));
+            }
+        }));
+    }
+
+    pub fn on_fullscreen_change<F>(&mut self, mut handler: F)
+    where
+        F: 'static + FnMut(),
+    {
+        self.on_fullscreen_change = Some(self.add_event(move |_: FullscreenChangeEvent| handler()));
+    }
+
+    fn add_event<E, F>(&self, mut handler: F) -> EventListenerHandle
+    where
+        E: ConcreteEvent,
+        F: 'static + FnMut(E),
+    {
+        self.raw.add_event_listener(move |event: E| {
+            event.stop_propagation();
+            event.cancel_bubble();
+
+            handler(event);
+        })
+    }
+
+    // The difference between add_event and add_user_event is that the latter has a special meaning
+    // for browser security. A user event is a deliberate action by the user (like a mouse or key
+    // press) and is the only time things like a fullscreen request may be successfully completed.)
+    fn add_user_event<E, F>(&self, mut handler: F) -> EventListenerHandle
+    where
+        E: ConcreteEvent,
+        F: 'static + FnMut(E),
+    {
+        let wants_fullscreen = self.wants_fullscreen.clone();
+        let canvas = self.raw.clone();
+
+        self.add_event(move |event: E| {
+            handler(event);
+
+            if *wants_fullscreen.borrow() {
+                canvas.request_fullscreen();
+                *wants_fullscreen.borrow_mut() = false;
+            }
+        })
+    }
+
+    pub fn request_fullscreen(&self) {
+        *self.wants_fullscreen.borrow_mut() = true;
+    }
+
+    pub fn is_fullscreen(&self) -> bool {
+        super::is_fullscreen(&self.raw)
+    }
+}

src/platform_impl/web/stdweb/event.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,229 @@
+use crate::dpi::LogicalPosition;
+use crate::event::{ModifiersState, MouseButton, MouseScrollDelta, ScanCode, VirtualKeyCode};
+
+use stdweb::web::event::{IKeyboardEvent, IMouseEvent, MouseWheelDeltaMode, MouseWheelEvent};
+use stdweb::{js, unstable::TryInto, JsSerialize};
+
+pub fn mouse_button(event: &impl IMouseEvent) -> MouseButton {
+    match event.button() {
+        stdweb::web::event::MouseButton::Left => MouseButton::Left,
+        stdweb::web::event::MouseButton::Right => MouseButton::Right,
+        stdweb::web::event::MouseButton::Wheel => MouseButton::Middle,
+        stdweb::web::event::MouseButton::Button4 => MouseButton::Other(0),
+        stdweb::web::event::MouseButton::Button5 => MouseButton::Other(1),
+    }
+}
+
+pub fn mouse_modifiers(event: &impl IMouseEvent) -> ModifiersState {
+    let mut m = ModifiersState::empty();
+    m.set(ModifiersState::SHIFT, event.shift_key());
+    m.set(ModifiersState::CTRL, event.ctrl_key());
+    m.set(ModifiersState::ALT, event.alt_key());
+    m.set(ModifiersState::LOGO, event.meta_key());
+    m
+}
+
+pub fn mouse_position(event: &impl IMouseEvent) -> LogicalPosition {
+    LogicalPosition {
+        x: event.offset_x() as f64,
+        y: event.offset_y() as f64,
+    }
+}
+
+pub fn mouse_scroll_delta(event: &MouseWheelEvent) -> Option<MouseScrollDelta> {
+    let x = event.delta_x();
+    let y = event.delta_y();
+
+    match event.delta_mode() {
+        MouseWheelDeltaMode::Line => Some(MouseScrollDelta::LineDelta(x as f32, y as f32)),
+        MouseWheelDeltaMode::Pixel => Some(MouseScrollDelta::PixelDelta(LogicalPosition { x, y })),
+        MouseWheelDeltaMode::Page => None,
+    }
+}
+
+pub fn scan_code<T: JsSerialize>(event: &T) -> ScanCode {
+    let key_code = js! ( return @{event}.keyCode; );
+
+    key_code
+        .try_into()
+        .expect("The which value should be a number")
+}
+
+pub fn virtual_key_code(event: &impl IKeyboardEvent) -> Option<VirtualKeyCode> {
+    Some(match &event.code()[..] {
+        "Digit1" => VirtualKeyCode::Key1,
+        "Digit2" => VirtualKeyCode::Key2,
+        "Digit3" => VirtualKeyCode::Key3,
+        "Digit4" => VirtualKeyCode::Key4,
+        "Digit5" => VirtualKeyCode::Key5,
+        "Digit6" => VirtualKeyCode::Key6,
+        "Digit7" => VirtualKeyCode::Key7,
+        "Digit8" => VirtualKeyCode::Key8,
+        "Digit9" => VirtualKeyCode::Key9,
+        "Digit0" => VirtualKeyCode::Key0,
+        "KeyA" => VirtualKeyCode::A,
+        "KeyB" => VirtualKeyCode::B,
+        "KeyC" => VirtualKeyCode::C,
+        "KeyD" => VirtualKeyCode::D,
+        "KeyE" => VirtualKeyCode::E,
+        "KeyF" => VirtualKeyCode::F,
+        "KeyG" => VirtualKeyCode::G,
+        "KeyH" => VirtualKeyCode::H,
+        "KeyI" => VirtualKeyCode::I,
+        "KeyJ" => VirtualKeyCode::J,
+        "KeyK" => VirtualKeyCode::K,
+        "KeyL" => VirtualKeyCode::L,
+        "KeyM" => VirtualKeyCode::M,
+        "KeyN" => VirtualKeyCode::N,
+        "KeyO" => VirtualKeyCode::O,
+        "KeyP" => VirtualKeyCode::P,
+        "KeyQ" => VirtualKeyCode::Q,
+        "KeyR" => VirtualKeyCode::R,
+        "KeyS" => VirtualKeyCode::S,
+        "KeyT" => VirtualKeyCode::T,
+        "KeyU" => VirtualKeyCode::U,
+        "KeyV" => VirtualKeyCode::V,
+        "KeyW" => VirtualKeyCode::W,
+        "KeyX" => VirtualKeyCode::X,
+        "KeyY" => VirtualKeyCode::Y,
+        "KeyZ" => VirtualKeyCode::Z,
+        "Escape" => VirtualKeyCode::Escape,
+        "F1" => VirtualKeyCode::F1,
+        "F2" => VirtualKeyCode::F2,
+        "F3" => VirtualKeyCode::F3,
+        "F4" => VirtualKeyCode::F4,
+        "F5" => VirtualKeyCode::F5,
+        "F6" => VirtualKeyCode::F6,
+        "F7" => VirtualKeyCode::F7,
+        "F8" => VirtualKeyCode::F8,
+        "F9" => VirtualKeyCode::F9,
+        "F10" => VirtualKeyCode::F10,
+        "F11" => VirtualKeyCode::F11,
+        "F12" => VirtualKeyCode::F12,
+        "F13" => VirtualKeyCode::F13,
+        "F14" => VirtualKeyCode::F14,
+        "F15" => VirtualKeyCode::F15,
+        "F16" => VirtualKeyCode::F16,
+        "F17" => VirtualKeyCode::F17,
+        "F18" => VirtualKeyCode::F18,
+        "F19" => VirtualKeyCode::F19,
+        "F20" => VirtualKeyCode::F20,
+        "F21" => VirtualKeyCode::F21,
+        "F22" => VirtualKeyCode::F22,
+        "F23" => VirtualKeyCode::F23,
+        "F24" => VirtualKeyCode::F24,
+        "PrintScreen" => VirtualKeyCode::Snapshot,
+        "ScrollLock" => VirtualKeyCode::Scroll,
+        "Pause" => VirtualKeyCode::Pause,
+        "Insert" => VirtualKeyCode::Insert,
+        "Home" => VirtualKeyCode::Home,
+        "Delete" => VirtualKeyCode::Delete,
+        "End" => VirtualKeyCode::End,
+        "PageDown" => VirtualKeyCode::PageDown,
+        "PageUp" => VirtualKeyCode::PageUp,
+        "ArrowLeft" => VirtualKeyCode::Left,
+        "ArrowUp" => VirtualKeyCode::Up,
+        "ArrowRight" => VirtualKeyCode::Right,
+        "ArrowDown" => VirtualKeyCode::Down,
+        "Backspace" => VirtualKeyCode::Back,
+        "Enter" => VirtualKeyCode::Return,
+        "Space" => VirtualKeyCode::Space,
+        "Compose" => VirtualKeyCode::Compose,
+        "Caret" => VirtualKeyCode::Caret,
+        "NumLock" => VirtualKeyCode::Numlock,
+        "Numpad0" => VirtualKeyCode::Numpad0,
+        "Numpad1" => VirtualKeyCode::Numpad1,
+        "Numpad2" => VirtualKeyCode::Numpad2,
+        "Numpad3" => VirtualKeyCode::Numpad3,
+        "Numpad4" => VirtualKeyCode::Numpad4,
+        "Numpad5" => VirtualKeyCode::Numpad5,
+        "Numpad6" => VirtualKeyCode::Numpad6,
+        "Numpad7" => VirtualKeyCode::Numpad7,
+        "Numpad8" => VirtualKeyCode::Numpad8,
+        "Numpad9" => VirtualKeyCode::Numpad9,
+        "AbntC1" => VirtualKeyCode::AbntC1,
+        "AbntC2" => VirtualKeyCode::AbntC2,
+        "NumpadAdd" => VirtualKeyCode::Add,
+        "Quote" => VirtualKeyCode::Apostrophe,
+        "Apps" => VirtualKeyCode::Apps,
+        "At" => VirtualKeyCode::At,
+        "Ax" => VirtualKeyCode::Ax,
+        "Backslash" => VirtualKeyCode::Backslash,
+        "Calculator" => VirtualKeyCode::Calculator,
+        "Capital" => VirtualKeyCode::Capital,
+        "Semicolon" => VirtualKeyCode::Semicolon,
+        "Comma" => VirtualKeyCode::Comma,
+        "Convert" => VirtualKeyCode::Convert,
+        "NumpadDecimal" => VirtualKeyCode::Decimal,
+        "NumpadDivide" => VirtualKeyCode::Divide,
+        "Equal" => VirtualKeyCode::Equals,
+        "Backquote" => VirtualKeyCode::Grave,
+        "Kana" => VirtualKeyCode::Kana,
+        "Kanji" => VirtualKeyCode::Kanji,
+        "AltLeft" => VirtualKeyCode::LAlt,
+        "BracketLeft" => VirtualKeyCode::LBracket,
+        "ControlLeft" => VirtualKeyCode::LControl,
+        "ShiftLeft" => VirtualKeyCode::LShift,
+        "MetaLeft" => VirtualKeyCode::LWin,
+        "Mail" => VirtualKeyCode::Mail,
+        "MediaSelect" => VirtualKeyCode::MediaSelect,
+        "MediaStop" => VirtualKeyCode::MediaStop,
+        "Minus" => VirtualKeyCode::Minus,
+        "NumpadMultiply" => VirtualKeyCode::Multiply,
+        "Mute" => VirtualKeyCode::Mute,
+        "LaunchMyComputer" => VirtualKeyCode::MyComputer,
+        "NavigateForward" => VirtualKeyCode::NavigateForward,
+        "NavigateBackward" => VirtualKeyCode::NavigateBackward,
+        "NextTrack" => VirtualKeyCode::NextTrack,
+        "NoConvert" => VirtualKeyCode::NoConvert,
+        "NumpadComma" => VirtualKeyCode::NumpadComma,
+        "NumpadEnter" => VirtualKeyCode::NumpadEnter,
+        "NumpadEquals" => VirtualKeyCode::NumpadEquals,
+        "OEM102" => VirtualKeyCode::OEM102,
+        "Period" => VirtualKeyCode::Period,
+        "PlayPause" => VirtualKeyCode::PlayPause,
+        "Power" => VirtualKeyCode::Power,
+        "PrevTrack" => VirtualKeyCode::PrevTrack,
+        "AltRight" => VirtualKeyCode::RAlt,
+        "BracketRight" => VirtualKeyCode::RBracket,
+        "ControlRight" => VirtualKeyCode::RControl,
+        "ShiftRight" => VirtualKeyCode::RShift,
+        "MetaRight" => VirtualKeyCode::RWin,
+        "Slash" => VirtualKeyCode::Slash,
+        "Sleep" => VirtualKeyCode::Sleep,
+        "Stop" => VirtualKeyCode::Stop,
+        "NumpadSubtract" => VirtualKeyCode::Subtract,
+        "Sysrq" => VirtualKeyCode::Sysrq,
+        "Tab" => VirtualKeyCode::Tab,
+        "Underline" => VirtualKeyCode::Underline,
+        "Unlabeled" => VirtualKeyCode::Unlabeled,
+        "AudioVolumeDown" => VirtualKeyCode::VolumeDown,
+        "AudioVolumeUp" => VirtualKeyCode::VolumeUp,
+        "Wake" => VirtualKeyCode::Wake,
+        "WebBack" => VirtualKeyCode::WebBack,
+        "WebFavorites" => VirtualKeyCode::WebFavorites,
+        "WebForward" => VirtualKeyCode::WebForward,
+        "WebHome" => VirtualKeyCode::WebHome,
+        "WebRefresh" => VirtualKeyCode::WebRefresh,
+        "WebSearch" => VirtualKeyCode::WebSearch,
+        "WebStop" => VirtualKeyCode::WebStop,
+        "Yen" => VirtualKeyCode::Yen,
+        _ => return None,
+    })
+}
+
+pub fn keyboard_modifiers(event: &impl IKeyboardEvent) -> ModifiersState {
+    let mut m = ModifiersState::empty();
+    m.set(ModifiersState::SHIFT, event.shift_key());
+    m.set(ModifiersState::CTRL, event.ctrl_key());
+    m.set(ModifiersState::ALT, event.alt_key());
+    m.set(ModifiersState::LOGO, event.meta_key());
+    m
+}
+
+pub fn codepoint(event: &impl IKeyboardEvent) -> char {
+    // `event.key()` always returns a non-empty `String`. Therefore, this should
+    // never panic.
+    // https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/KeyboardEvent/key
+    event.key().chars().next().unwrap()
+}

src/platform_impl/web/stdweb/mod.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+mod canvas;
+mod event;
+mod timeout;
+
+pub use self::canvas::Canvas;
+pub use self::timeout::Timeout;
+
+use crate::dpi::LogicalSize;
+use crate::platform::web::WindowExtStdweb;
+use crate::window::Window;
+
+use stdweb::js;
+use stdweb::web::event::BeforeUnloadEvent;
+use stdweb::web::window;
+use stdweb::web::IEventTarget;
+use stdweb::web::{document, html_element::CanvasElement, Element};
+
+pub fn throw(msg: &str) {
+    js! { throw @{msg} }
+}
+
+pub fn exit_fullscreen() {
+    document().exit_fullscreen();
+}
+
+pub fn on_unload(mut handler: impl FnMut() + 'static) {
+    window().add_event_listener(move |_: BeforeUnloadEvent| handler());
+}
+
+impl WindowExtStdweb for Window {
+    fn canvas(&self) -> CanvasElement {
+        self.window.canvas().raw().clone()
+    }
+}
+
+pub fn window_size() -> LogicalSize {
+    let window = window();
+    let width = window.inner_width() as f64;
+    let height = window.inner_height() as f64;
+
+    LogicalSize { width, height }
+}
+
+pub fn is_fullscreen(canvas: &CanvasElement) -> bool {
+    match document().fullscreen_element() {
+        Some(elem) => {
+            let raw: Element = canvas.clone().into();
+            raw == elem
+        }
+        None => false,
+    }
+}

src/platform_impl/web/stdweb/timeout.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+use std::time::Duration;
+use stdweb::web::{window, IWindowOrWorker, TimeoutHandle};
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub struct Timeout {
+    handle: Option<TimeoutHandle>,
+}
+
+impl Timeout {
+    pub fn new<F>(f: F, duration: Duration) -> Timeout
+    where
+        F: 'static + FnMut(),
+    {
+        Timeout {
+            handle: Some(window().set_clearable_timeout(f, duration.as_millis() as u32)),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl Drop for Timeout {
+    fn drop(&mut self) {
+        let handle = self.handle.take().unwrap();
+        handle.clear();
+    }
+}

src/platform_impl/web/web_sys/canvas.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,303 @@
+use super::event;
+use crate::dpi::{LogicalPosition, LogicalSize};
+use crate::error::OsError as RootOE;
+use crate::event::{ModifiersState, MouseButton, MouseScrollDelta, ScanCode, VirtualKeyCode};
+use crate::platform_impl::OsError;
+
+use std::cell::RefCell;
+use std::rc::Rc;
+
+use wasm_bindgen::{closure::Closure, JsCast};
+use web_sys::{Event, FocusEvent, HtmlCanvasElement, KeyboardEvent, PointerEvent, WheelEvent};
+
+pub struct Canvas {
+    raw: HtmlCanvasElement,
+    on_focus: Option<Closure<dyn FnMut(FocusEvent)>>,
+    on_blur: Option<Closure<dyn FnMut(FocusEvent)>>,
+    on_keyboard_release: Option<Closure<dyn FnMut(KeyboardEvent)>>,
+    on_keyboard_press: Option<Closure<dyn FnMut(KeyboardEvent)>>,
+    on_received_character: Option<Closure<dyn FnMut(KeyboardEvent)>>,
+    on_cursor_leave: Option<Closure<dyn FnMut(PointerEvent)>>,
+    on_cursor_enter: Option<Closure<dyn FnMut(PointerEvent)>>,
+    on_cursor_move: Option<Closure<dyn FnMut(PointerEvent)>>,
+    on_mouse_press: Option<Closure<dyn FnMut(PointerEvent)>>,
+    on_mouse_release: Option<Closure<dyn FnMut(PointerEvent)>>,
+    on_mouse_wheel: Option<Closure<dyn FnMut(WheelEvent)>>,
+    on_fullscreen_change: Option<Closure<dyn FnMut(Event)>>,
+    wants_fullscreen: Rc<RefCell<bool>>,
+}
+
+impl Drop for Canvas {
+    fn drop(&mut self) {
+        self.raw.remove();
+    }
+}
+
+impl Canvas {
+    pub fn create() -> Result<Self, RootOE> {
+        let window =
+            web_sys::window().ok_or(os_error!(OsError("Failed to obtain window".to_owned())))?;
+
+        let document = window
+            .document()
+            .ok_or(os_error!(OsError("Failed to obtain document".to_owned())))?;
+
+        let canvas: HtmlCanvasElement = document
+            .create_element("canvas")
+            .map_err(|_| os_error!(OsError("Failed to create canvas element".to_owned())))?
+            .unchecked_into();
+
+        // A tabindex is needed in order to capture local keyboard events.
+        // A "0" value means that the element should be focusable in
+        // sequential keyboard navigation, but its order is defined by the
+        // document's source order.
+        // https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Global_attributes/tabindex
+        canvas
+            .set_attribute("tabindex", "0")
+            .map_err(|_| os_error!(OsError("Failed to set a tabindex".to_owned())))?;
+
+        Ok(Canvas {
+            raw: canvas,
+            on_blur: None,
+            on_focus: None,
+            on_keyboard_release: None,
+            on_keyboard_press: None,
+            on_received_character: None,
+            on_cursor_leave: None,
+            on_cursor_enter: None,
+            on_cursor_move: None,
+            on_mouse_release: None,
+            on_mouse_press: None,
+            on_mouse_wheel: None,
+            on_fullscreen_change: None,
+            wants_fullscreen: Rc::new(RefCell::new(false)),
+        })
+    }
+
+    pub fn set_attribute(&self, attribute: &str, value: &str) {
+        self.raw
+            .set_attribute(attribute, value)
+            .expect(&format!("Set attribute: {}", attribute));
+    }
+
+    pub fn position(&self) -> (f64, f64) {
+        let bounds = self.raw.get_bounding_client_rect();
+
+        (bounds.x(), bounds.y())
+    }
+
+    pub fn width(&self) -> f64 {
+        self.raw.width() as f64
+    }
+
+    pub fn height(&self) -> f64 {
+        self.raw.height() as f64
+    }
+
+    pub fn set_size(&self, size: LogicalSize) {
+        self.raw.set_width(size.width as u32);
+        self.raw.set_height(size.height as u32);
+    }
+
+    pub fn raw(&self) -> &HtmlCanvasElement {
+        &self.raw
+    }
+
+    pub fn on_blur<F>(&mut self, mut handler: F)
+    where
+        F: 'static + FnMut(),
+    {
+        self.on_blur = Some(self.add_event("blur", move |_: FocusEvent| {
+            handler();
+        }));
+    }
+
+    pub fn on_focus<F>(&mut self, mut handler: F)
+    where
+        F: 'static + FnMut(),
+    {
+        self.on_focus = Some(self.add_event("focus", move |_: FocusEvent| {
+            handler();
+        }));
+    }
+
+    pub fn on_keyboard_release<F>(&mut self, mut handler: F)
+    where
+        F: 'static + FnMut(ScanCode, Option<VirtualKeyCode>, ModifiersState),
+    {
+        self.on_keyboard_release =
+            Some(self.add_user_event("keyup", move |event: KeyboardEvent| {
+                handler(
+                    event::scan_code(&event),
+                    event::virtual_key_code(&event),
+                    event::keyboard_modifiers(&event),
+                );
+            }));
+    }
+
+    pub fn on_keyboard_press<F>(&mut self, mut handler: F)
+    where
+        F: 'static + FnMut(ScanCode, Option<VirtualKeyCode>, ModifiersState),
+    {
+        self.on_keyboard_press =
+            Some(self.add_user_event("keydown", move |event: KeyboardEvent| {
+                handler(
+                    event::scan_code(&event),
+                    event::virtual_key_code(&event),
+                    event::keyboard_modifiers(&event),
+                );
+            }));
+    }
+
+    pub fn on_received_character<F>(&mut self, mut handler: F)
+    where
+        F: 'static + FnMut(char),
+    {
+        // TODO: Use `beforeinput`.
+        //
+        // The `keypress` event is deprecated, but there does not seem to be a
+        // viable/compatible alternative as of now. `beforeinput` is still widely
+        // unsupported.
+        self.on_received_character = Some(self.add_user_event(
+            "keypress",
+            move |event: KeyboardEvent| {
+                handler(event::codepoint(&event));
+            },
+        ));
+    }
+
+    pub fn on_cursor_leave<F>(&mut self, mut handler: F)
+    where
+        F: 'static + FnMut(i32),
+    {
+        self.on_cursor_leave = Some(self.add_event("pointerout", move |event: PointerEvent| {
+            handler(event.pointer_id());
+        }));
+    }
+
+    pub fn on_cursor_enter<F>(&mut self, mut handler: F)
+    where
+        F: 'static + FnMut(i32),
+    {
+        self.on_cursor_enter = Some(self.add_event("pointerover", move |event: PointerEvent| {
+            handler(event.pointer_id());
+        }));
+    }
+
+    pub fn on_mouse_release<F>(&mut self, mut handler: F)
+    where
+        F: 'static + FnMut(i32, MouseButton, ModifiersState),
+    {
+        self.on_mouse_release = Some(self.add_user_event(
+            "pointerup",
+            move |event: PointerEvent| {
+                handler(
+                    event.pointer_id(),
+                    event::mouse_button(&event),
+                    event::mouse_modifiers(&event),
+                );
+            },
+        ));
+    }
+
+    pub fn on_mouse_press<F>(&mut self, mut handler: F)
+    where
+        F: 'static + FnMut(i32, MouseButton, ModifiersState),
+    {
+        self.on_mouse_press = Some(self.add_user_event(
+            "pointerdown",
+            move |event: PointerEvent| {
+                handler(
+                    event.pointer_id(),
+                    event::mouse_button(&event),
+                    event::mouse_modifiers(&event),
+                );
+            },
+        ));
+    }
+
+    pub fn on_cursor_move<F>(&mut self, mut handler: F)
+    where
+        F: 'static + FnMut(i32, LogicalPosition, ModifiersState),
+    {
+        self.on_cursor_move = Some(self.add_event("pointermove", move |event: PointerEvent| {
+            handler(
+                event.pointer_id(),
+                event::mouse_position(&event),
+                event::mouse_modifiers(&event),
+            );
+        }));
+    }
+
+    pub fn on_mouse_wheel<F>(&mut self, mut handler: F)
+    where
+        F: 'static + FnMut(i32, MouseScrollDelta, ModifiersState),
+    {
+        self.on_mouse_wheel = Some(self.add_event("wheel", move |event: WheelEvent| {
+            if let Some(delta) = event::mouse_scroll_delta(&event) {
+                handler(0, delta, event::mouse_modifiers(&event));
+            }
+        }));
+    }
+
+    pub fn on_fullscreen_change<F>(&mut self, mut handler: F)
+    where
+        F: 'static + FnMut(),
+    {
+        self.on_fullscreen_change =
+            Some(self.add_event("fullscreenchange", move |_: Event| handler()));
+    }
+
+    fn add_event<E, F>(&self, event_name: &str, mut handler: F) -> Closure<dyn FnMut(E)>
+    where
+        E: 'static + AsRef<web_sys::Event> + wasm_bindgen::convert::FromWasmAbi,
+        F: 'static + FnMut(E),
+    {
+        let closure = Closure::wrap(Box::new(move |event: E| {
+            {
+                let event_ref = event.as_ref();
+                event_ref.stop_propagation();
+                event_ref.cancel_bubble();
+            }
+
+            handler(event);
+        }) as Box<dyn FnMut(E)>);
+
+        self.raw
+            .add_event_listener_with_callback(event_name, &closure.as_ref().unchecked_ref())
+            .expect("Failed to add event listener with callback");
+
+        closure
+    }
+
+    // The difference between add_event and add_user_event is that the latter has a special meaning
+    // for browser security. A user event is a deliberate action by the user (like a mouse or key
+    // press) and is the only time things like a fullscreen request may be successfully completed.)
+    fn add_user_event<E, F>(&self, event_name: &str, mut handler: F) -> Closure<dyn FnMut(E)>
+    where
+        E: 'static + AsRef<web_sys::Event> + wasm_bindgen::convert::FromWasmAbi,
+        F: 'static + FnMut(E),
+    {
+        let wants_fullscreen = self.wants_fullscreen.clone();
+        let canvas = self.raw.clone();
+
+        self.add_event(event_name, move |event: E| {
+            handler(event);
+
+            if *wants_fullscreen.borrow() {
+                canvas
+                    .request_fullscreen()
+                    .expect("Failed to enter fullscreen");
+                *wants_fullscreen.borrow_mut() = false;
+            }
+        })
+    }
+
+    pub fn request_fullscreen(&self) {
+        *self.wants_fullscreen.borrow_mut() = true;
+    }
+
+    pub fn is_fullscreen(&self) -> bool {
+        super::is_fullscreen(&self.raw)
+    }
+}

src/platform_impl/web/web_sys/event.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,227 @@
+use crate::dpi::LogicalPosition;
+use crate::event::{ModifiersState, MouseButton, MouseScrollDelta, ScanCode, VirtualKeyCode};
+
+use std::convert::TryInto;
+use web_sys::{KeyboardEvent, MouseEvent, WheelEvent};
+
+pub fn mouse_button(event: &MouseEvent) -> MouseButton {
+    match event.button() {
+        0 => MouseButton::Left,
+        1 => MouseButton::Middle,
+        2 => MouseButton::Right,
+        i => MouseButton::Other((i - 3).try_into().expect("very large mouse button value")),
+    }
+}
+
+pub fn mouse_modifiers(event: &MouseEvent) -> ModifiersState {
+    let mut m = ModifiersState::empty();
+    m.set(ModifiersState::SHIFT, event.shift_key());
+    m.set(ModifiersState::CTRL, event.ctrl_key());
+    m.set(ModifiersState::ALT, event.alt_key());
+    m.set(ModifiersState::LOGO, event.meta_key());
+    m
+}
+
+pub fn mouse_position(event: &MouseEvent) -> LogicalPosition {
+    LogicalPosition {
+        x: event.offset_x() as f64,
+        y: event.offset_y() as f64,
+    }
+}
+
+pub fn mouse_scroll_delta(event: &WheelEvent) -> Option<MouseScrollDelta> {
+    let x = event.delta_x();
+    let y = event.delta_y();
+
+    match event.delta_mode() {
+        WheelEvent::DOM_DELTA_LINE => Some(MouseScrollDelta::LineDelta(x as f32, y as f32)),
+        WheelEvent::DOM_DELTA_PIXEL => Some(MouseScrollDelta::PixelDelta(LogicalPosition { x, y })),
+        _ => None,
+    }
+}
+
+pub fn scan_code(event: &KeyboardEvent) -> ScanCode {
+    match event.key_code() {
+        0 => event.char_code(),
+        i => i,
+    }
+}
+
+pub fn virtual_key_code(event: &KeyboardEvent) -> Option<VirtualKeyCode> {
+    Some(match &event.code()[..] {
+        "Digit1" => VirtualKeyCode::Key1,
+        "Digit2" => VirtualKeyCode::Key2,
+        "Digit3" => VirtualKeyCode::Key3,
+        "Digit4" => VirtualKeyCode::Key4,
+        "Digit5" => VirtualKeyCode::Key5,
+        "Digit6" => VirtualKeyCode::Key6,
+        "Digit7" => VirtualKeyCode::Key7,
+        "Digit8" => VirtualKeyCode::Key8,
+        "Digit9" => VirtualKeyCode::Key9,
+        "Digit0" => VirtualKeyCode::Key0,
+        "KeyA" => VirtualKeyCode::A,
+        "KeyB" => VirtualKeyCode::B,
+        "KeyC" => VirtualKeyCode::C,
+        "KeyD" => VirtualKeyCode::D,
+        "KeyE" => VirtualKeyCode::E,
+        "KeyF" => VirtualKeyCode::F,
+        "KeyG" => VirtualKeyCode::G,
+        "KeyH" => VirtualKeyCode::H,
+        "KeyI" => VirtualKeyCode::I,
+        "KeyJ" => VirtualKeyCode::J,
+        "KeyK" => VirtualKeyCode::K,
+        "KeyL" => VirtualKeyCode::L,
+        "KeyM" => VirtualKeyCode::M,
+        "KeyN" => VirtualKeyCode::N,
+        "KeyO" => VirtualKeyCode::O,
+        "KeyP" => VirtualKeyCode::P,
+        "KeyQ" => VirtualKeyCode::Q,
+        "KeyR" => VirtualKeyCode::R,
+        "KeyS" => VirtualKeyCode::S,
+        "KeyT" => VirtualKeyCode::T,
+        "KeyU" => VirtualKeyCode::U,
+        "KeyV" => VirtualKeyCode::V,
+        "KeyW" => VirtualKeyCode::W,
+        "KeyX" => VirtualKeyCode::X,
+        "KeyY" => VirtualKeyCode::Y,
+        "KeyZ" => VirtualKeyCode::Z,
+        "Escape" => VirtualKeyCode::Escape,
+        "F1" => VirtualKeyCode::F1,
+        "F2" => VirtualKeyCode::F2,
+        "F3" => VirtualKeyCode::F3,
+        "F4" => VirtualKeyCode::F4,
+        "F5" => VirtualKeyCode::F5,
+        "F6" => VirtualKeyCode::F6,
+        "F7" => VirtualKeyCode::F7,
+        "F8" => VirtualKeyCode::F8,
+        "F9" => VirtualKeyCode::F9,
+        "F10" => VirtualKeyCode::F10,
+        "F11" => VirtualKeyCode::F11,
+        "F12" => VirtualKeyCode::F12,
+        "F13" => VirtualKeyCode::F13,
+        "F14" => VirtualKeyCode::F14,
+        "F15" => VirtualKeyCode::F15,
+        "F16" => VirtualKeyCode::F16,
+        "F17" => VirtualKeyCode::F17,
+        "F18" => VirtualKeyCode::F18,
+        "F19" => VirtualKeyCode::F19,
+        "F20" => VirtualKeyCode::F20,
+        "F21" => VirtualKeyCode::F21,
+        "F22" => VirtualKeyCode::F22,
+        "F23" => VirtualKeyCode::F23,
+        "F24" => VirtualKeyCode::F24,
+        "PrintScreen" => VirtualKeyCode::Snapshot,
+        "ScrollLock" => VirtualKeyCode::Scroll,
+        "Pause" => VirtualKeyCode::Pause,
+        "Insert" => VirtualKeyCode::Insert,
+        "Home" => VirtualKeyCode::Home,
+        "Delete" => VirtualKeyCode::Delete,
+        "End" => VirtualKeyCode::End,
+        "PageDown" => VirtualKeyCode::PageDown,
+        "PageUp" => VirtualKeyCode::PageUp,
+        "ArrowLeft" => VirtualKeyCode::Left,
+        "ArrowUp" => VirtualKeyCode::Up,
+        "ArrowRight" => VirtualKeyCode::Right,
+        "ArrowDown" => VirtualKeyCode::Down,
+        "Backspace" => VirtualKeyCode::Back,
+        "Enter" => VirtualKeyCode::Return,
+        "Space" => VirtualKeyCode::Space,
+        "Compose" => VirtualKeyCode::Compose,
+        "Caret" => VirtualKeyCode::Caret,
+        "NumLock" => VirtualKeyCode::Numlock,
+        "Numpad0" => VirtualKeyCode::Numpad0,
+        "Numpad1" => VirtualKeyCode::Numpad1,
+        "Numpad2" => VirtualKeyCode::Numpad2,
+        "Numpad3" => VirtualKeyCode::Numpad3,
+        "Numpad4" => VirtualKeyCode::Numpad4,
+        "Numpad5" => VirtualKeyCode::Numpad5,
+        "Numpad6" => VirtualKeyCode::Numpad6,
+        "Numpad7" => VirtualKeyCode::Numpad7,
+        "Numpad8" => VirtualKeyCode::Numpad8,
+        "Numpad9" => VirtualKeyCode::Numpad9,
+        "AbntC1" => VirtualKeyCode::AbntC1,
+        "AbntC2" => VirtualKeyCode::AbntC2,
+        "NumpadAdd" => VirtualKeyCode::Add,
+        "Quote" => VirtualKeyCode::Apostrophe,
+        "Apps" => VirtualKeyCode::Apps,
+        "At" => VirtualKeyCode::At,
+        "Ax" => VirtualKeyCode::Ax,
+        "Backslash" => VirtualKeyCode::Backslash,
+        "Calculator" => VirtualKeyCode::Calculator,
+        "Capital" => VirtualKeyCode::Capital,
+        "Semicolon" => VirtualKeyCode::Semicolon,
+        "Comma" => VirtualKeyCode::Comma,
+        "Convert" => VirtualKeyCode::Convert,
+        "NumpadDecimal" => VirtualKeyCode::Decimal,
+        "NumpadDivide" => VirtualKeyCode::Divide,
+        "Equal" => VirtualKeyCode::Equals,
+        "Backquote" => VirtualKeyCode::Grave,
+        "Kana" => VirtualKeyCode::Kana,
+        "Kanji" => VirtualKeyCode::Kanji,
+        "AltLeft" => VirtualKeyCode::LAlt,
+        "BracketLeft" => VirtualKeyCode::LBracket,
+        "ControlLeft" => VirtualKeyCode::LControl,
+        "ShiftLeft" => VirtualKeyCode::LShift,
+        "MetaLeft" => VirtualKeyCode::LWin,
+        "Mail" => VirtualKeyCode::Mail,
+        "MediaSelect" => VirtualKeyCode::MediaSelect,
+        "MediaStop" => VirtualKeyCode::MediaStop,
+        "Minus" => VirtualKeyCode::Minus,
+        "NumpadMultiply" => VirtualKeyCode::Multiply,
+        "Mute" => VirtualKeyCode::Mute,
+        "LaunchMyComputer" => VirtualKeyCode::MyComputer,
+        "NavigateForward" => VirtualKeyCode::NavigateForward,
+        "NavigateBackward" => VirtualKeyCode::NavigateBackward,
+        "NextTrack" => VirtualKeyCode::NextTrack,
+        "NoConvert" => VirtualKeyCode::NoConvert,
+        "NumpadComma" => VirtualKeyCode::NumpadComma,
+        "NumpadEnter" => VirtualKeyCode::NumpadEnter,
+        "NumpadEquals" => VirtualKeyCode::NumpadEquals,
+        "OEM102" => VirtualKeyCode::OEM102,
+        "Period" => VirtualKeyCode::Period,
+        "PlayPause" => VirtualKeyCode::PlayPause,
+        "Power" => VirtualKeyCode::Power,
+        "PrevTrack" => VirtualKeyCode::PrevTrack,
+        "AltRight" => VirtualKeyCode::RAlt,
+        "BracketRight" => VirtualKeyCode::RBracket,
+        "ControlRight" => VirtualKeyCode::RControl,
+        "ShiftRight" => VirtualKeyCode::RShift,
+        "MetaRight" => VirtualKeyCode::RWin,
+        "Slash" => VirtualKeyCode::Slash,
+        "Sleep" => VirtualKeyCode::Sleep,
+        "Stop" => VirtualKeyCode::Stop,
+        "NumpadSubtract" => VirtualKeyCode::Subtract,
+        "Sysrq" => VirtualKeyCode::Sysrq,
+        "Tab" => VirtualKeyCode::Tab,
+        "Underline" => VirtualKeyCode::Underline,
+        "Unlabeled" => VirtualKeyCode::Unlabeled,
+        "AudioVolumeDown" => VirtualKeyCode::VolumeDown,
+        "AudioVolumeUp" => VirtualKeyCode::VolumeUp,
+        "Wake" => VirtualKeyCode::Wake,
+        "WebBack" => VirtualKeyCode::WebBack,
+        "WebFavorites" => VirtualKeyCode::WebFavorites,
+        "WebForward" => VirtualKeyCode::WebForward,
+        "WebHome" => VirtualKeyCode::WebHome,
+        "WebRefresh" => VirtualKeyCode::WebRefresh,
+        "WebSearch" => VirtualKeyCode::WebSearch,
+        "WebStop" => VirtualKeyCode::WebStop,
+        "Yen" => VirtualKeyCode::Yen,
+        _ => return None,
+    })
+}
+
+pub fn keyboard_modifiers(event: &KeyboardEvent) -> ModifiersState {
+    let mut m = ModifiersState::empty();
+    m.set(ModifiersState::SHIFT, event.shift_key());
+    m.set(ModifiersState::CTRL, event.ctrl_key());
+    m.set(ModifiersState::ALT, event.alt_key());
+    m.set(ModifiersState::LOGO, event.meta_key());
+    m
+}
+
+pub fn codepoint(event: &KeyboardEvent) -> char {
+    // `event.key()` always returns a non-empty `String`. Therefore, this should
+    // never panic.
+    // https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/KeyboardEvent/key
+    event.key().chars().next().unwrap()
+}

src/platform_impl/web/web_sys/mod.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+mod canvas;
+mod event;
+mod timeout;
+
+pub use self::canvas::Canvas;
+pub use self::timeout::Timeout;
+
+use crate::dpi::LogicalSize;
+use crate::platform::web::WindowExtWebSys;
+use crate::window::Window;
+use wasm_bindgen::{closure::Closure, JsCast};
+use web_sys::{window, BeforeUnloadEvent, Element, HtmlCanvasElement};
+
+pub fn throw(msg: &str) {
+    wasm_bindgen::throw_str(msg);
+}
+
+pub fn exit_fullscreen() {
+    let window = web_sys::window().expect("Failed to obtain window");
+    let document = window.document().expect("Failed to obtain document");
+
+    document.exit_fullscreen();
+}
+
+pub fn on_unload(mut handler: impl FnMut() + 'static) {
+    let window = web_sys::window().expect("Failed to obtain window");
+
+    let closure = Closure::wrap(
+        Box::new(move |_: BeforeUnloadEvent| handler()) as Box<dyn FnMut(BeforeUnloadEvent)>
+    );
+
+    window
+        .add_event_listener_with_callback("beforeunload", &closure.as_ref().unchecked_ref())
+        .expect("Failed to add close listener");
+}
+
+impl WindowExtWebSys for Window {
+    fn canvas(&self) -> HtmlCanvasElement {
+        self.window.canvas().raw().clone()
+    }
+}
+
+pub fn window_size() -> LogicalSize {
+    let window = web_sys::window().expect("Failed to obtain window");
+    let width = window
+        .inner_width()
+        .expect("Failed to get width")
+        .as_f64()
+        .expect("Failed to get width as f64");
+    let height = window
+        .inner_height()
+        .expect("Failed to get height")
+        .as_f64()
+        .expect("Failed to get height as f64");
+
+    LogicalSize { width, height }
+}
+
+pub fn is_fullscreen(canvas: &HtmlCanvasElement) -> bool {
+    let window = window().expect("Failed to obtain window");
+    let document = window.document().expect("Failed to obtain document");
+
+    match document.fullscreen_element() {
+        Some(elem) => {
+            let raw: Element = canvas.clone().into();
+            raw == elem
+        }
+        None => false,
+    }
+}

src/platform_impl/web/web_sys/timeout.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+use std::time::Duration;
+use wasm_bindgen::closure::Closure;
+use wasm_bindgen::JsCast;
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub struct Timeout {
+    handle: i32,
+    _closure: Closure<dyn FnMut()>,
+}
+
+impl Timeout {
+    pub fn new<F>(f: F, duration: Duration) -> Timeout
+    where
+        F: 'static + FnMut(),
+    {
+        let window = web_sys::window().expect("Failed to obtain window");
+
+        let closure = Closure::wrap(Box::new(f) as Box<dyn FnMut()>);
+
+        let handle = window
+            .set_timeout_with_callback_and_timeout_and_arguments_0(
+                &closure.as_ref().unchecked_ref(),
+                duration.as_millis() as i32,
+            )
+            .expect("Failed to set timeout");
+
+        Timeout {
+            handle,
+            _closure: closure,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl Drop for Timeout {
+    fn drop(&mut self) {
+        let window = web_sys::window().expect("Failed to obtain window");
+
+        window.clear_timeout_with_handle(self.handle);
+    }
+}

src/platform_impl/web/window.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,293 @@
+use crate::dpi::{LogicalPosition, LogicalSize};
+use crate::error::{ExternalError, NotSupportedError, OsError as RootOE};
+use crate::icon::Icon;
+use crate::monitor::MonitorHandle as RootMH;
+use crate::window::{CursorIcon, Fullscreen, WindowAttributes, WindowId as RootWI};
+
+use raw_window_handle::web::WebHandle;
+
+use super::{backend, monitor, EventLoopWindowTarget};
+
+use std::cell::RefCell;
+use std::collections::vec_deque::IntoIter as VecDequeIter;
+use std::collections::VecDeque;
+
+pub struct Window {
+    canvas: backend::Canvas,
+    previous_pointer: RefCell<&'static str>,
+    position: RefCell<LogicalPosition>,
+    id: Id,
+    register_redraw_request: Box<dyn Fn()>,
+}
+
+impl Window {
+    pub fn new<T>(
+        target: &EventLoopWindowTarget<T>,
+        attr: WindowAttributes,
+        _: PlatformSpecificBuilderAttributes,
+    ) -> Result<Self, RootOE> {
+        let runner = target.runner.clone();
+
+        let id = target.generate_id();
+
+        let mut canvas = backend::Canvas::create()?;
+
+        let register_redraw_request = Box::new(move || runner.request_redraw(RootWI(id)));
+
+        target.register(&mut canvas, id);
+
+        let window = Window {
+            canvas,
+            previous_pointer: RefCell::new("auto"),
+            position: RefCell::new(LogicalPosition { x: 0.0, y: 0.0 }),
+            id,
+            register_redraw_request,
+        };
+
+        window.set_inner_size(attr.inner_size.unwrap_or(LogicalSize {
+            width: 1024.0,
+            height: 768.0,
+        }));
+        window.set_title(&attr.title);
+        window.set_maximized(attr.maximized);
+        window.set_visible(attr.visible);
+        window.set_window_icon(attr.window_icon);
+
+        Ok(window)
+    }
+
+    pub fn canvas(&self) -> &backend::Canvas {
+        &self.canvas
+    }
+
+    pub fn set_title(&self, title: &str) {
+        self.canvas.set_attribute("alt", title);
+    }
+
+    pub fn set_visible(&self, _visible: bool) {
+        // Intentionally a no-op
+    }
+
+    pub fn request_redraw(&self) {
+        (self.register_redraw_request)();
+    }
+
+    pub fn outer_position(&self) -> Result<LogicalPosition, NotSupportedError> {
+        let (x, y) = self.canvas.position();
+
+        Ok(LogicalPosition { x, y })
+    }
+
+    pub fn inner_position(&self) -> Result<LogicalPosition, NotSupportedError> {
+        Ok(*self.position.borrow())
+    }
+
+    pub fn set_outer_position(&self, position: LogicalPosition) {
+        *self.position.borrow_mut() = position;
+
+        self.canvas.set_attribute("position", "fixed");
+        self.canvas.set_attribute("left", &position.x.to_string());
+        self.canvas.set_attribute("top", &position.y.to_string());
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn inner_size(&self) -> LogicalSize {
+        LogicalSize {
+            width: self.canvas.width() as f64,
+            height: self.canvas.height() as f64,
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn outer_size(&self) -> LogicalSize {
+        LogicalSize {
+            width: self.canvas.width() as f64,
+            height: self.canvas.height() as f64,
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn set_inner_size(&self, size: LogicalSize) {
+        self.canvas.set_size(size);
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn set_min_inner_size(&self, _dimensions: Option<LogicalSize>) {
+        // Intentionally a no-op: users can't resize canvas elements
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn set_max_inner_size(&self, _dimensions: Option<LogicalSize>) {
+        // Intentionally a no-op: users can't resize canvas elements
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn set_resizable(&self, _resizable: bool) {
+        // Intentionally a no-op: users can't resize canvas elements
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn hidpi_factor(&self) -> f64 {
+        1.0
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn set_cursor_icon(&self, cursor: CursorIcon) {
+        let text = match cursor {
+            CursorIcon::Default => "auto",
+            CursorIcon::Crosshair => "crosshair",
+            CursorIcon::Hand => "pointer",
+            CursorIcon::Arrow => "default",
+            CursorIcon::Move => "move",
+            CursorIcon::Text => "text",
+            CursorIcon::Wait => "wait",
+            CursorIcon::Help => "help",
+            CursorIcon::Progress => "progress",
+
+            CursorIcon::NotAllowed => "not-allowed",
+            CursorIcon::ContextMenu => "context-menu",
+            CursorIcon::Cell => "cell",
+            CursorIcon::VerticalText => "vertical-text",
+            CursorIcon::Alias => "alias",
+            CursorIcon::Copy => "copy",
+            CursorIcon::NoDrop => "no-drop",
+            CursorIcon::Grab => "grab",
+            CursorIcon::Grabbing => "grabbing",
+            CursorIcon::AllScroll => "all-scroll",
+            CursorIcon::ZoomIn => "zoom-in",
+            CursorIcon::ZoomOut => "zoom-out",
+
+            CursorIcon::EResize => "e-resize",
+            CursorIcon::NResize => "n-resize",
+            CursorIcon::NeResize => "ne-resize",
+            CursorIcon::NwResize => "nw-resize",
+            CursorIcon::SResize => "s-resize",
+            CursorIcon::SeResize => "se-resize",
+            CursorIcon::SwResize => "sw-resize",
+            CursorIcon::WResize => "w-resize",
+            CursorIcon::EwResize => "ew-resize",
+            CursorIcon::NsResize => "ns-resize",
+            CursorIcon::NeswResize => "nesw-resize",
+            CursorIcon::NwseResize => "nwse-resize",
+            CursorIcon::ColResize => "col-resize",
+            CursorIcon::RowResize => "row-resize",
+        };
+        *self.previous_pointer.borrow_mut() = text;
+        self.canvas
+            .set_attribute("style", &format!("cursor: {}", text));
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn set_cursor_position(&self, _position: LogicalPosition) -> Result<(), ExternalError> {
+        // Intentionally a no-op, as the web does not support setting cursor positions
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn set_cursor_grab(&self, _grab: bool) -> Result<(), ExternalError> {
+        // Intentionally a no-op, as the web does not (properly) support grabbing the cursor
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn set_cursor_visible(&self, visible: bool) {
+        if !visible {
+            self.canvas.set_attribute("cursor", "none");
+        } else {
+            self.canvas
+                .set_attribute("cursor", *self.previous_pointer.borrow());
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn set_minimized(&self, _minimized: bool) {
+        // Intentionally a no-op, as canvases cannot be 'minimized'
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn set_maximized(&self, _maximized: bool) {
+        // Intentionally a no-op, as canvases cannot be 'maximized'
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn fullscreen(&self) -> Option<Fullscreen> {
+        if self.canvas.is_fullscreen() {
+            Some(Fullscreen::Borderless(self.current_monitor()))
+        } else {
+            None
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn set_fullscreen(&self, monitor: Option<Fullscreen>) {
+        if monitor.is_some() {
+            self.canvas.request_fullscreen();
+        } else if self.canvas.is_fullscreen() {
+            backend::exit_fullscreen();
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn set_decorations(&self, _decorations: bool) {
+        // Intentionally a no-op, no canvas decorations
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn set_always_on_top(&self, _always_on_top: bool) {
+        // Intentionally a no-op, no window ordering
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn set_window_icon(&self, _window_icon: Option<Icon>) {
+        // Currently an intentional no-op
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn set_ime_position(&self, _position: LogicalPosition) {
+        // Currently a no-op as it does not seem there is good support for this on web
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn current_monitor(&self) -> RootMH {
+        RootMH {
+            inner: monitor::Handle,
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn available_monitors(&self) -> VecDequeIter<monitor::Handle> {
+        VecDeque::new().into_iter()
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn primary_monitor(&self) -> monitor::Handle {
+        monitor::Handle
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn id(&self) -> Id {
+        return self.id;
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn raw_window_handle(&self) -> raw_window_handle::RawWindowHandle {
+        let handle = WebHandle {
+            id: self.id.0,
+            ..WebHandle::empty()
+        };
+
+        raw_window_handle::RawWindowHandle::Web(handle)
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord, Hash)]
+pub struct Id(pub(crate) u32);
+
+impl Id {
+    pub unsafe fn dummy() -> Id {
+        Id(0)
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Default, Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord, Hash)]
+pub struct PlatformSpecificBuilderAttributes;

src/platform_impl/windows/dark_mode.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,216 @@
+/// This is a simple implementation of support for Windows Dark Mode,
+/// which is inspired by the solution in https://github.com/ysc3839/win32-darkmode
+use std::ffi::OsStr;
+use std::os::windows::ffi::OsStrExt;
+
+use winapi::{
+    shared::{
+        basetsd::SIZE_T,
+        minwindef::{BOOL, DWORD, UINT, ULONG, WORD},
+        ntdef::{LPSTR, NTSTATUS, NT_SUCCESS, PVOID, WCHAR},
+        windef::HWND,
+    },
+    um::{libloaderapi, uxtheme, winuser},
+};
+
+lazy_static! {
+    static ref WIN10_BUILD_VERSION: Option<DWORD> = {
+        // FIXME: RtlGetVersion is a documented windows API,
+        // should be part of winapi!
+
+        #[allow(non_snake_case)]
+        #[repr(C)]
+        struct OSVERSIONINFOW {
+            dwOSVersionInfoSize: ULONG,
+            dwMajorVersion: ULONG,
+            dwMinorVersion: ULONG,
+            dwBuildNumber: ULONG,
+            dwPlatformId: ULONG,
+            szCSDVersion: [WCHAR; 128],
+        }
+
+        type RtlGetVersion = unsafe extern "system" fn (*mut OSVERSIONINFOW) -> NTSTATUS;
+        let handle = get_function!("ntdll.dll", RtlGetVersion);
+
+        if let Some(rtl_get_version) = handle {
+            unsafe {
+                let mut vi = OSVERSIONINFOW {
+                    dwOSVersionInfoSize: 0,
+                    dwMajorVersion: 0,
+                    dwMinorVersion: 0,
+                    dwBuildNumber: 0,
+                    dwPlatformId: 0,
+                    szCSDVersion: [0; 128],
+                };
+
+                let status = (rtl_get_version)(&mut vi as _);
+                assert!(NT_SUCCESS(status));
+
+                if vi.dwMajorVersion == 10 && vi.dwMinorVersion == 0 {
+                    Some(vi.dwBuildNumber)
+                } else {
+                    None
+                }
+            }
+        } else {
+            None
+        }
+    };
+
+    static ref DARK_MODE_SUPPORTED: bool = {
+        // We won't try to do anything for windows versions < 17763
+        // (Windows 10 October 2018 update)
+        match *WIN10_BUILD_VERSION {
+            Some(v) => v >= 17763,
+            None => false
+        }
+    };
+
+    static ref DARK_THEME_NAME: Vec<u16> = widestring("DarkMode_Explorer");
+    static ref LIGHT_THEME_NAME: Vec<u16> = widestring("");
+}
+
+/// Attempt to set dark mode on a window, if necessary.
+/// Returns true if dark mode was set, false if not.
+pub fn try_dark_mode(hwnd: HWND) -> bool {
+    if *DARK_MODE_SUPPORTED {
+        let is_dark_mode = should_use_dark_mode();
+
+        let theme_name = if is_dark_mode {
+            DARK_THEME_NAME.as_ptr()
+        } else {
+            LIGHT_THEME_NAME.as_ptr()
+        };
+
+        unsafe {
+            assert_eq!(
+                0,
+                uxtheme::SetWindowTheme(hwnd, theme_name as _, std::ptr::null())
+            );
+
+            set_dark_mode_for_window(hwnd, is_dark_mode)
+        }
+
+        is_dark_mode
+    } else {
+        false
+    }
+}
+
+fn set_dark_mode_for_window(hwnd: HWND, is_dark_mode: bool) {
+    // Uses Windows undocumented API SetWindowCompositionAttribute,
+    // as seen in win32-darkmode example linked at top of file.
+
+    type SetWindowCompositionAttribute =
+        unsafe extern "system" fn(HWND, *mut WINDOWCOMPOSITIONATTRIBDATA) -> BOOL;
+
+    #[allow(non_snake_case)]
+    type WINDOWCOMPOSITIONATTRIB = u32;
+    const WCA_USEDARKMODECOLORS: WINDOWCOMPOSITIONATTRIB = 26;
+
+    #[allow(non_snake_case)]
+    #[repr(C)]
+    struct WINDOWCOMPOSITIONATTRIBDATA {
+        Attrib: WINDOWCOMPOSITIONATTRIB,
+        pvData: PVOID,
+        cbData: SIZE_T,
+    }
+
+    lazy_static! {
+        static ref SET_WINDOW_COMPOSITION_ATTRIBUTE: Option<SetWindowCompositionAttribute> =
+            get_function!("user32.dll", SetWindowCompositionAttribute);
+    }
+
+    if let Some(set_window_composition_attribute) = *SET_WINDOW_COMPOSITION_ATTRIBUTE {
+        unsafe {
+            // SetWindowCompositionAttribute needs a bigbool (i32), not bool.
+            let mut is_dark_mode_bigbool = is_dark_mode as BOOL;
+
+            let mut data = WINDOWCOMPOSITIONATTRIBDATA {
+                Attrib: WCA_USEDARKMODECOLORS,
+                pvData: &mut is_dark_mode_bigbool as *mut _ as _,
+                cbData: std::mem::size_of_val(&is_dark_mode_bigbool) as _,
+            };
+
+            assert_eq!(
+                1,
+                set_window_composition_attribute(hwnd, &mut data as *mut _)
+            );
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+fn should_use_dark_mode() -> bool {
+    should_apps_use_dark_mode() && !is_high_contrast()
+}
+
+fn should_apps_use_dark_mode() -> bool {
+    type ShouldAppsUseDarkMode = unsafe extern "system" fn() -> bool;
+    lazy_static! {
+        static ref SHOULD_APPS_USE_DARK_MODE: Option<ShouldAppsUseDarkMode> = {
+            unsafe {
+                const UXTHEME_SHOULDAPPSUSEDARKMODE_ORDINAL: WORD = 132;
+
+                let module = libloaderapi::LoadLibraryA("uxtheme.dll\0".as_ptr() as _);
+
+                if module.is_null() {
+                    return None;
+                }
+
+                let handle = libloaderapi::GetProcAddress(
+                    module,
+                    winuser::MAKEINTRESOURCEA(UXTHEME_SHOULDAPPSUSEDARKMODE_ORDINAL),
+                );
+
+                if handle.is_null() {
+                    None
+                } else {
+                    Some(std::mem::transmute(handle))
+                }
+            }
+        };
+    }
+
+    SHOULD_APPS_USE_DARK_MODE
+        .map(|should_apps_use_dark_mode| unsafe { (should_apps_use_dark_mode)() })
+        .unwrap_or(false)
+}
+
+// FIXME: This definition was missing from winapi. Can remove from
+// here and use winapi once the following PR is released:
+// https://github.com/retep998/winapi-rs/pull/815
+#[repr(C)]
+#[allow(non_snake_case)]
+struct HIGHCONTRASTA {
+    cbSize: UINT,
+    dwFlags: DWORD,
+    lpszDefaultScheme: LPSTR,
+}
+
+const HCF_HIGHCONTRASTON: DWORD = 1;
+
+fn is_high_contrast() -> bool {
+    let mut hc = HIGHCONTRASTA {
+        cbSize: 0,
+        dwFlags: 0,
+        lpszDefaultScheme: std::ptr::null_mut(),
+    };
+
+    let ok = unsafe {
+        winuser::SystemParametersInfoA(
+            winuser::SPI_GETHIGHCONTRAST,
+            std::mem::size_of_val(&hc) as _,
+            &mut hc as *mut _ as _,
+            0,
+        )
+    };
+
+    (ok > 0) && ((HCF_HIGHCONTRASTON & hc.dwFlags) == 1)
+}
+
+fn widestring(src: &'static str) -> Vec<u16> {
+    OsStr::new(src)
+        .encode_wide()
+        .chain(Some(0).into_iter())
+        .collect()
+}

src/platform_impl/windows/dpi.rs

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 #![allow(non_snake_case, unused_unsafe)]
 
-use std::{mem, os::raw::c_void, sync::Once};
+use std::sync::Once;
 
 use winapi::{
     shared::{
@@ -9,13 +9,12 @@ use winapi::{
         winerror::S_OK,
     },
     um::{
-        libloaderapi::{GetProcAddress, LoadLibraryA},
         shellscalingapi::{
             MDT_EFFECTIVE_DPI, MONITOR_DPI_TYPE, PROCESS_DPI_AWARENESS,
             PROCESS_PER_MONITOR_DPI_AWARE,
         },
         wingdi::{GetDeviceCaps, LOGPIXELSX},
-        winnt::{HRESULT, LPCSTR},
+        winnt::HRESULT,
         winuser::{self, MONITOR_DEFAULTTONEAREST},
     },
 };
@@ -35,33 +34,6 @@ type GetDpiForMonitor = unsafe extern "system" fn(
 ) -> HRESULT;
 type EnableNonClientDpiScaling = unsafe extern "system" fn(hwnd: HWND) -> BOOL;
 
-// Helper function to dynamically load function pointer.
-// `library` and `function` must be zero-terminated.
-fn get_function_impl(library: &str, function: &str) -> Option<*const c_void> {
-    assert_eq!(library.chars().last(), Some('\0'));
-    assert_eq!(function.chars().last(), Some('\0'));
-
-    // Library names we will use are ASCII so we can use the A version to avoid string conversion.
-    let module = unsafe { LoadLibraryA(library.as_ptr() as LPCSTR) };
-    if module.is_null() {
-        return None;
-    }
-
-    let function_ptr = unsafe { GetProcAddress(module, function.as_ptr() as LPCSTR) };
-    if function_ptr.is_null() {
-        return None;
-    }
-
-    Some(function_ptr as _)
-}
-
-macro_rules! get_function {
-    ($lib:expr, $func:ident) => {
-        get_function_impl(concat!($lib, '\0'), concat!(stringify!($func), '\0'))
-            .map(|f| unsafe { mem::transmute::<*const _, $func>(f) })
-    };
-}
-
 lazy_static! {
     static ref GET_DPI_FOR_WINDOW: Option<GetDpiForWindow> =
         get_function!("user32.dll", GetDpiForWindow);
@@ -71,10 +43,7 @@ lazy_static! {
         get_function!("user32.dll", EnableNonClientDpiScaling);
 }
 
-pub fn become_dpi_aware(enable: bool) {
-    if !enable {
-        return;
-    }
+pub fn become_dpi_aware() {
     static ENABLE_DPI_AWARENESS: Once = Once::new();
     ENABLE_DPI_AWARENESS.call_once(|| {
         unsafe {

src/platform_impl/windows/event.rs

@@ -17,16 +17,84 @@ fn key_pressed(vkey: c_int) -> bool {
 }
 
 pub fn get_key_mods() -> ModifiersState {
-    let mut mods = ModifiersState::default();
     let filter_out_altgr = layout_uses_altgr() && key_pressed(winuser::VK_RMENU);
 
-    mods.shift = key_pressed(winuser::VK_SHIFT);
-    mods.ctrl = key_pressed(winuser::VK_CONTROL) && !filter_out_altgr;
-    mods.alt = key_pressed(winuser::VK_MENU) && !filter_out_altgr;
-    mods.logo = key_pressed(winuser::VK_LWIN) || key_pressed(winuser::VK_RWIN);
+    let mut mods = ModifiersState::empty();
+    mods.set(ModifiersState::SHIFT, key_pressed(winuser::VK_SHIFT));
+    mods.set(
+        ModifiersState::CTRL,
+        key_pressed(winuser::VK_CONTROL) && !filter_out_altgr,
+    );
+    mods.set(
+        ModifiersState::ALT,
+        key_pressed(winuser::VK_MENU) && !filter_out_altgr,
+    );
+    mods.set(
+        ModifiersState::LOGO,
+        key_pressed(winuser::VK_LWIN) || key_pressed(winuser::VK_RWIN),
+    );
     mods
 }
 
+bitflags! {
+    #[derive(Default)]
+    pub struct ModifiersStateSide: u32 {
+        const LSHIFT = 0b010 << 0;
+        const RSHIFT = 0b001 << 0;
+
+        const LCTRL = 0b010 << 3;
+        const RCTRL = 0b001 << 3;
+
+        const LALT = 0b010 << 6;
+        const RALT = 0b001 << 6;
+
+        const LLOGO = 0b010 << 9;
+        const RLOGO = 0b001 << 9;
+    }
+}
+
+impl ModifiersStateSide {
+    pub fn filter_out_altgr(&self) -> ModifiersStateSide {
+        match layout_uses_altgr() && self.contains(Self::RALT) {
+            false => *self,
+            true => *self & !(Self::LCTRL | Self::RCTRL | Self::LALT | Self::RALT),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<ModifiersStateSide> for ModifiersState {
+    fn from(side: ModifiersStateSide) -> Self {
+        let mut state = ModifiersState::default();
+        state.set(
+            Self::SHIFT,
+            side.intersects(ModifiersStateSide::LSHIFT | ModifiersStateSide::RSHIFT),
+        );
+        state.set(
+            Self::CTRL,
+            side.intersects(ModifiersStateSide::LCTRL | ModifiersStateSide::RCTRL),
+        );
+        state.set(
+            Self::ALT,
+            side.intersects(ModifiersStateSide::LALT | ModifiersStateSide::RALT),
+        );
+        state.set(
+            Self::LOGO,
+            side.intersects(ModifiersStateSide::LLOGO | ModifiersStateSide::RLOGO),
+        );
+        state
+    }
+}
+
+pub fn get_pressed_keys() -> impl Iterator<Item = c_int> {
+    let mut keyboard_state = vec![0u8; 256];
+    unsafe { winuser::GetKeyboardState(keyboard_state.as_mut_ptr()) };
+    keyboard_state
+        .into_iter()
+        .enumerate()
+        .filter(|(_, p)| (*p & (1 << 7)) != 0) // whether or not a key is pressed is communicated via the high-order bit
+        .map(|(i, _)| i as c_int)
+}
+
 unsafe fn get_char(keyboard_state: &[u8; 256], v_key: u32, hkl: HKL) -> Option<char> {
     let mut unicode_bytes = [0u16; 5];
     let len = winuser::ToUnicodeEx(
@@ -39,7 +107,7 @@ unsafe fn get_char(keyboard_state: &[u8; 256], v_key: u32, hkl: HKL) -> Option<c
         hkl,
     );
     if len >= 1 {
-        char::decode_utf16(unicode_bytes.into_iter().cloned())
+        char::decode_utf16(unicode_bytes.iter().cloned())
             .next()
             .and_then(|c| c.ok())
     } else {
@@ -177,8 +245,8 @@ pub fn vkey_to_winit_vkey(vkey: c_int) -> Option<VirtualKeyCode> {
         0x58 => Some(VirtualKeyCode::X),
         0x59 => Some(VirtualKeyCode::Y),
         0x5A => Some(VirtualKeyCode::Z),
-        //winuser::VK_LWIN => Some(VirtualKeyCode::Lwin),
-        //winuser::VK_RWIN => Some(VirtualKeyCode::Rwin),
+        winuser::VK_LWIN => Some(VirtualKeyCode::LWin),
+        winuser::VK_RWIN => Some(VirtualKeyCode::RWin),
         winuser::VK_APPS => Some(VirtualKeyCode::Apps),
         winuser::VK_SLEEP => Some(VirtualKeyCode::Sleep),
         winuser::VK_NUMPAD0 => Some(VirtualKeyCode::Numpad0),