Winit version 0.28.7

Fixes: d15feb5cfa (On macOS, fix empty marked text)

.cargo/config.toml

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+[alias]
+run-wasm = ["run", "--release", "--package", "run-wasm", "--"]

.gitattributes

@@ -20,5 +20,3 @@
 *.PDF	 diff=astextplain
 *.rtf	 diff=astextplain
 *.RTF	 diff=astextplain
-
-/CHANGELOG.md merge=union

.github/CODEOWNERS

@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+# Core maintainers:
+# - @msiglreith
+# - @kchibisov
+# - @madsmtm
+# - @maroider
+
+# Android
+/src/platform/android.rs            @msiglreith
+/src/platform_impl/android          @msiglreith
+
+# iOS
+/src/platform/ios.rs                @madsmtm
+/src/platform_impl/ios              @madsmtm
+
+# Unix
+/src/platform_impl/linux/mod.rs     @kchibisov
+
+# Wayland
+/src/platform/wayland.rs            @kchibisov
+/src/platform_impl/linux/wayland    @kchibisov
+
+# X11
+/src/platform/x11.rs                @kchibisov
+/src/platform_impl/linux/x11        @kchibisov
+
+# macOS
+/src/platform/macos.rs              @madsmtm
+/src/platform_impl/macos            @madsmtm
+
+# Web (no maintainer)
+/src/platform/web.rs
+/src/platform_impl/web
+
+# Windows
+/src/platform/windows.rs            @msiglreith
+/src/platform_impl/windows          @msiglreith
+
+# Orbital (Redox OS)
+/src/platform/orbital.rs            @jackpot51
+/src/platform_impl/orbital          @jackpot51

.github/PULL_REQUEST_TEMPLATE.md

@@ -1,7 +1,4 @@
 - [ ] Tested on all platforms changed
-- [ ] Compilation warnings were addressed
-- [ ] `cargo fmt` has been run on this branch
-- [ ] `cargo doc` builds successfully
 - [ ] Added an entry to `CHANGELOG.md` if knowledge of this change could be valuable to users
 - [ ] Updated documentation to reflect any user-facing changes, including notes of platform-specific behavior
 - [ ] Created or updated an example program if it would help users understand this functionality

.github/workflows/ci.yml

@@ -2,16 +2,8 @@ name: CI
 
 on:
   pull_request:
-    paths:
-      - '**.rs'
-      - '**.toml'
-      - '.github/workflows/ci.yml'
   push:
     branches: [master]
-    paths:
-      - '**.rs'
-      - '**.toml'
-      - '.github/workflows/ci.yml'
 
 jobs:
   Check_Formatting:
@@ -25,12 +17,14 @@ jobs:
     - name: Check Formatting
       run: cargo +stable fmt --all -- --check
 
-  Tests:
+  tests:
+    name: Tests
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false
       matrix:
-        rust_version: [stable, nightly]
+        rust_version: ['1.60.0', stable, nightly]
         platform:
+          # Note: Make sure that we test all the `docs.rs` targets defined in Cargo.toml!
           - { target: x86_64-pc-windows-msvc,   os: windows-latest,  }
           - { target: i686-pc-windows-msvc,     os: windows-latest,  }
           - { target: x86_64-pc-windows-gnu,    os: windows-latest, host: -x86_64-pc-windows-gnu }
@@ -38,23 +32,24 @@ jobs:
           - { target: i686-unknown-linux-gnu,   os: ubuntu-latest,   }
           - { target: x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu, os: ubuntu-latest,   }
           - { target: x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu, os: ubuntu-latest, options: --no-default-features, features: x11 }
-          - { target: x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu, os: ubuntu-latest, options: --no-default-features, features: wayland }
-          - { target: aarch64-linux-android,    os: ubuntu-latest,  cmd: 'apk --' }
+          - { target: x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu, os: ubuntu-latest, options: --no-default-features, features: "wayland,wayland-dlopen" }
+          - { target: aarch64-linux-android,    os: ubuntu-latest, options: -p winit, cmd: 'apk --', features: "android-native-activity" }
+          - { target: x86_64-unknown-redox,     os: ubuntu-latest,   }
           - { target: x86_64-apple-darwin,      os: macos-latest,    }
           - { target: x86_64-apple-ios,         os: macos-latest,    }
           - { target: aarch64-apple-ios,        os: macos-latest,    }
           # We're using Windows rather than Ubuntu to run the wasm tests because caching cargo-web
           # doesn't currently work on Linux.
-          - { target: wasm32-unknown-unknown,   os: windows-latest, features: stdweb,  cmd: web }
-          - { target: wasm32-unknown-unknown,   os: windows-latest, features: web-sys, cmd: web }
+          - { target: wasm32-unknown-unknown,   os: windows-latest,  }
 
     env:
       RUST_BACKTRACE: 1
       CARGO_INCREMENTAL: 0
-      RUSTFLAGS: "-C debuginfo=0"
+      RUSTFLAGS: "-C debuginfo=0 --deny warnings"
       OPTIONS: ${{ matrix.platform.options }}
       FEATURES: ${{ format(',{0}', matrix.platform.features ) }}
       CMD: ${{ matrix.platform.cmd }}
+      RUSTDOCFLAGS: -Dwarnings
 
     runs-on: ${{ matrix.platform.os }}
     steps:
@@ -70,6 +65,7 @@ jobs:
       with:
         rust-version: ${{ matrix.rust_version }}${{ matrix.platform.host }}
         targets: ${{ matrix.platform.target }}
+        components: clippy
 
     - name: Install GCC Multilib
       if: (matrix.platform.os == 'ubuntu-latest') && contains(matrix.platform.target, 'i686')
@@ -77,43 +73,49 @@ jobs:
     - name: Install cargo-apk
       if: contains(matrix.platform.target, 'android')
       run: cargo install cargo-apk
-    - name: Install cargo-web
-      continue-on-error: true
-      if: contains(matrix.platform.target, 'wasm32')
-      run: cargo install cargo-web
 
     - name: Check documentation
       shell: bash
-      if: matrix.platform.target != 'wasm32-unknown-unknown'
-      run: cargo $CMD doc --no-deps --target ${{ matrix.platform.target }} $OPTIONS --features $FEATURES
+      run: cargo doc --no-deps --target ${{ matrix.platform.target }} $OPTIONS --features $FEATURES --document-private-items
 
-    - name: Build
+    - name: Build crate
       shell: bash
       run: cargo $CMD build --verbose --target ${{ matrix.platform.target }} $OPTIONS --features $FEATURES
 
     - name: Build tests
       shell: bash
+      if: >
+        !contains(matrix.platform.target, 'redox') &&
+        matrix.rust_version != '1.60.0'
       run: cargo $CMD test --no-run --verbose --target ${{ matrix.platform.target }} $OPTIONS --features $FEATURES
+
     - name: Run tests
       shell: bash
-      if: (
+      if: >
         !contains(matrix.platform.target, 'android') &&
         !contains(matrix.platform.target, 'ios') &&
-        !contains(matrix.platform.target, 'wasm32'))
+        !contains(matrix.platform.target, 'wasm32') &&
+        !contains(matrix.platform.target, 'redox') &&
+        matrix.rust_version != '1.60.0'
       run: cargo $CMD test --verbose --target ${{ matrix.platform.target }} $OPTIONS --features $FEATURES
 
-
-    - name: Build with serde enabled
+    - name: Lint with clippy
       shell: bash
-      run: cargo $CMD build --verbose --target ${{ matrix.platform.target }} $OPTIONS --features serde,$FEATURES
+      if: (matrix.rust_version == 'stable') && !contains(matrix.platform.options, '--no-default-features')
+      run: cargo clippy --all-targets --target ${{ matrix.platform.target }} $OPTIONS --features $FEATURES -- -Dwarnings
 
     - name: Build tests with serde enabled
       shell: bash
+      if: >
+        !contains(matrix.platform.target, 'redox') &&
+        matrix.rust_version != '1.60.0'
       run: cargo $CMD test --no-run --verbose --target ${{ matrix.platform.target }} $OPTIONS --features serde,$FEATURES
     - name: Run tests with serde enabled
       shell: bash
-      if: (
+      if: >
         !contains(matrix.platform.target, 'android') &&
         !contains(matrix.platform.target, 'ios') &&
-        !contains(matrix.platform.target, 'wasm32'))
+        !contains(matrix.platform.target, 'wasm32') &&
+        !contains(matrix.platform.target, 'redox') &&
+        matrix.rust_version != '1.60.0'
       run: cargo $CMD test --verbose --target ${{ matrix.platform.target }} $OPTIONS --features serde,$FEATURES

.github/workflows/publish.yml

@@ -1,18 +0,0 @@
-name: Publish
-
-on:
-  push:
-    tags:
-    - 'v*' # Push events to matching v*, i.e. v1.0, v20.15.10
-
-jobs:
-  Publish:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v2
-    - uses: hecrj/setup-rust-action@v1
-      with:
-        rust-version: stable
-        components: rustfmt
-    - name: Publish to crates.io
-      run: cargo publish --token ${{ secrets.cratesio_token }}

.gitignore

@@ -7,4 +7,4 @@ rls/
 *.ts
 *.js
 #*#
-.DS_Store
+.DS_Store

CHANGELOG.md

@@ -1,3 +1,260 @@
+# Changelog
+
+All notable changes to this project will be documented in this file.
+
+Please keep one empty line before and after all headers. (This is required for `git` to produce a conflict when a release is made while a PR is open and the PR's changelog entry would go into the wrong section).
+
+And please only add new entries to the top of this list, right below the `# Unreleased` header.
+
+# Unreleased
+
+# 0.28.7
+
+- Fix window size sometimes being invalid when resizing on macOS 14 Sonoma.
+
+# 0.28.6
+
+- On macOS, fixed memory leak when getting monitor handle.
+- On macOS, fix `Backspace` being emitted when clearing preedit with it.
+
+# 0.28.5
+
+- On macOS, fix `key_up` beind ignored when `Ime` is disabled.
+
+# 0.28.4
+
+- On macOS, fix empty marked text blocking regular input.
+- On macOS, fixed potential panic when getting refresh rate.
+- On macOS, fix crash when calling `Window::set_ime_position` from another thread.
+- On macOS, fixed memory leak when getting monitor handle.
+
+# 0.28.3
+
+- Fix macOS memory leaks.
+
+# 0.28.2
+
+- Implement `HasRawDisplayHandle` for `EventLoop`.
+- On macOS, set resize increments only for live resizes.
+- On Wayland, fix rare crash on DPI change
+- Web: Added support for `Window::theme`.
+- On Wayland, fix rounding issues when doing resize.
+- On macOS, fix wrong focused state on startup.
+- On Windows, fix crash on setting taskbar when using Visual Studio debugger.
+- On macOS, resize simple fullscreen windows on windowDidChangeScreen events.
+
+# 0.28.1
+
+- On Wayland, fix crash when dropping a window in multi-window setup.
+
+# 0.28.0
+
+- On macOS, fixed `Ime::Commit` persisting for all input after interacting with `Ime`.
+- On macOS, added `WindowExtMacOS::option_as_alt` and `WindowExtMacOS::set_option_as_alt`.
+- On Windows, fix window size for maximized, undecorated windows.
+- On Windows and macOS, add `WindowBuilder::with_active`.
+- Add `Window::is_minimized`.
+- On X11, fix errors handled during `register_xlib_error_hook` invocation bleeding into winit.
+- Add `Window::has_focus`.
+- On Windows, fix `Window::set_minimized(false)` not working for windows minimized by `Win + D` hotkey.
+- **Breaking:** On Web, touch input no longer fires `WindowEvent::Cursor*`, `WindowEvent::MouseInput`, or `DeviceEvent::MouseMotion` like other platforms, but instead it fires `WindowEvent::Touch`.
+- **Breaking:** Removed platform specific `WindowBuilder::with_parent` API in favor of `WindowBuilder::with_parent_window`.
+- On Windows, retain `WS_MAXIMIZE` window style when un-minimizing a maximized window.
+- On Windows, fix left mouse button release event not being sent after `Window::drag_window`.
+- On macOS, run most actions on the main thread, which is strictly more correct, but might make multithreaded applications block slightly more.
+- On macOS, fix panic when getting current monitor without any monitor attached.
+- On Windows and MacOS, add API to enable/disable window buttons (close, minimize, ...etc).
+- On Windows, macOS, X11 and Wayland, add `Window::set_theme`.
+- **Breaking:** Remove `WindowExtWayland::wayland_set_csd_theme` and `WindowBuilderExtX11::with_gtk_theme_variant`.
+- On Windows, revert window background to an empty brush to avoid white flashes when changing scaling.
+- **Breaking:** Removed `Window::set_always_on_top` and related APIs in favor of `Window::set_window_level`.
+- On Windows, MacOS and X11, add always on bottom APIs.
+- On Windows, fix the value in `MouseButton::Other`.
+- On macOS, add `WindowExtMacOS::is_document_edited` and `WindowExtMacOS::set_document_edited` APIs.
+- **Breaking:** Removed `WindowBuilderExtIOS::with_root_view_class`; instead, you should use `[[view layer] addSublayer: ...]` to add an instance of the desired layer class (e.g. `CAEAGLLayer` or `CAMetalLayer`). See `vulkano-win` or `wgpu` for examples of this.
+- On MacOS and Windows, add `Window::set_content_protected`.
+- On MacOS, add `EventLoopBuilderExtMacOS::with_activate_ignoring_other_apps`.
+- On Windows, fix icons specified on `WindowBuilder` not taking effect for windows created after the first one.
+- On Windows and macOS, add `Window::title` to query the current window title.
+- On Windows, fix focusing menubar when pressing `Alt`.
+- On MacOS, made `accepts_first_mouse` configurable.
+- Migrated `WindowBuilderExtUnix::with_resize_increments` to `WindowBuilder`.
+- Added `Window::resize_increments`/`Window::set_resize_increments` to update resize increments at runtime for X11/macOS.
+- macOS/iOS: Use `objc2` instead of `objc` internally.
+- **Breaking:** Bump MSRV from `1.57` to `1.60`.
+- **Breaking:** Split the `platform::unix` module into `platform::x11` and `platform::wayland`. The extension types are similarly renamed.
+- **Breaking:**: Removed deprecated method `platform::unix::WindowExtUnix::is_ready`.
+- Removed `parking_lot` dependency.
+- **Breaking:** On macOS, add support for two-finger touchpad magnification and rotation gestures with new events `WindowEvent::TouchpadMagnify` and `WindowEvent::TouchpadRotate`. Also add support for touchpad smart-magnification gesture with a new event `WindowEvent::SmartMagnify`.
+- **Breaking:** On web, the `WindowBuilderExtWebSys::with_prevent_default` setting (enabled by default), now additionally prevents scrolling of the webpage in mobile browsers, previously it only disabled scrolling on desktop.
+- On Wayland, `wayland-csd-adwaita` now uses `ab_glyph` instead of `crossfont` to render the title for decorations.
+- On Wayland, a new `wayland-csd-adwaita-crossfont` feature was added to use `crossfont` instead of `ab_glyph` for decorations.
+- On Wayland, if not otherwise specified use upstream automatic CSD theme selection.
+- On X11, added `WindowExtX11::with_parent` to create child windows.
+- Added support for `WindowBuilder::with_theme` and `Window::theme` to support per-window dark/light/system theme configuration on macos, windows and wayland.
+- On macOS, added support for `WindowEvent::ThemeChanged`.
+- **Breaking:** Removed `WindowBuilderExtWindows::with_theme` and `WindowBuilderExtWayland::with_wayland_csd_theme` in favour of `WindowBuilder::with_theme`.
+- **Breaking:** Removed `WindowExtWindows::theme` in favour of `Window::theme`.
+- Enabled `doc_auto_cfg` when generating docs on docs.rs for feature labels.
+- **Breaking:** On Android, switched to using [`android-activity`](https://github.com/rib/android-activity) crate as a glue layer instead of [`ndk-glue`](https://github.com/rust-windowing/android-ndk-rs/tree/master/ndk-glue). See [README.md#Android](https://github.com/rust-windowing/winit#Android) for more details. ([#2444](https://github.com/rust-windowing/winit/pull/2444))
+- **Breaking:** Removed support for `raw-window-handle` version `0.4`
+- On Wayland, `RedrawRequested` not emitted during resize.
+- Add a `set_wait_timeout` function to `ControlFlow` to allow waiting for a `Duration`.
+- **Breaking:** Remove the unstable `xlib_xconnection()` function from the private interface.
+- Added Orbital support for Redox OS
+- On X11, added `drag_resize_window` method.
+- Added `Window::set_transparent` to provide a hint about transparency of the window on Wayland and macOS.
+- On macOS, fix the mouse buttons other than left/right/middle being reported as middle.
+- On Wayland, support fractional scaling via the wp-fractional-scale protocol.
+- On web, fix removal of mouse event listeners from the global object upon window distruction.
+- Add WindowAttributes getter to WindowBuilder to allow introspection of default values.
+- Added `Window::set_ime_purpose` for setting the IME purpose, currently implemented on Wayland only.
+
+# 0.27.5
+
+- On Wayland, fix byte offset in `Ime::Preedit` pointing to invalid bytes.
+
+# 0.27.4
+
+- On Windows, emit `ReceivedCharacter` events on system keybindings.
+- On Windows, fixed focus event emission on minimize.
+- On X11, fixed IME crashing during reload.
+
+# 0.27.3
+
+- On Windows, added `WindowExtWindows::set_undecorated_shadow` and `WindowBuilderExtWindows::with_undecorated_shadow` to draw the drop shadow behind a borderless window.
+- On Windows, fixed default window features (ie snap, animations, shake, etc.) when decorations are disabled.
+- On Windows, fixed ALT+Space shortcut to open window menu.
+- On Wayland, fixed `Ime::Preedit` not being sent on IME reset.
+- Fixed unbound version specified for `raw-window-handle` leading to compilation failures.
+- Empty `Ime::Preedit` event will be sent before `Ime::Commit` to help clearing preedit.
+- On X11, fixed IME context picking by querying for supported styles beforehand.
+
+# 0.27.2 (2022-8-12)
+
+- On macOS, fixed touch phase reporting when scrolling.
+- On X11, fix min, max and resize increment hints not persisting for resizable windows (e.g. on DPI change).
+- On Windows, respect min/max inner sizes when creating the window.
+- For backwards compatibility, `Window` now (additionally) implements the old version (`0.4`) of the `HasRawWindowHandle` trait
+- On Windows, added support for `EventLoopWindowTarget::set_device_event_filter`.
+- On Wayland, fix user requested `WindowEvent::RedrawRequested` being delayed by a frame.
+
+# 0.27.1 (2022-07-30)
+
+- The minimum supported Rust version was lowered to `1.57.0` and now explicitly tested.
+- On X11, fix crash on start due to inability to create an IME context without any preedit.
+
+# 0.27.0 (2022-07-26)
+
+- On Windows, fix hiding a maximized window.
+- On Android, `ndk-glue`'s `NativeWindow` lock is now held between `Event::Resumed` and `Event::Suspended`.
+- On Web, added `EventLoopExtWebSys` with a `spawn` method to start the event loop without throwing an exception.
+- Added `WindowEvent::Occluded(bool)`, currently implemented on macOS and X11.
+- On X11, fix events for caps lock key not being sent
+- Build docs on `docs.rs` for iOS and Android as well.
+- **Breaking:** Removed the `WindowAttributes` struct, since all its functionality is accessible from `WindowBuilder`.
+- Added `WindowBuilder::transparent` getter to check if the user set `transparent` attribute.
+- On macOS, Fix emitting `Event::LoopDestroyed` on CMD+Q.
+- On macOS, fixed an issue where having multiple windows would prevent run_return from ever returning.
+- On Wayland, fix bug where the cursor wouldn't hide in GNOME.
+- On macOS, Windows, and Wayland, add `set_cursor_hittest` to let the window ignore mouse events.
+- On Windows, added `WindowExtWindows::set_skip_taskbar` and `WindowBuilderExtWindows::with_skip_taskbar`.
+- On Windows, added `EventLoopBuilderExtWindows::with_msg_hook`.
+- On Windows, remove internally unique DC per window.
+- On macOS, remove the need to call `set_ime_position` after moving the window.
+- Added `Window::is_visible`.
+- Added `Window::is_resizable`.
+- Added `Window::is_decorated`.
+- On X11, fix for repeated event loop iteration when `ControlFlow` was `Wait`
+- On X11, fix scale factor calculation when the only monitor is reconnected
+- On Wayland, report unaccelerated mouse deltas in `DeviceEvent::MouseMotion`.
+- On Web, a focused event is manually generated when a click occurs to emulate behaviour of other backends.
+- **Breaking:** Bump `ndk` version to 0.6, ndk-sys to `v0.3`, `ndk-glue` to `0.6`.
+- Remove no longer needed `WINIT_LINK_COLORSYNC` environment variable.
+- **Breaking:** Rename the `Exit` variant of `ControlFlow` to `ExitWithCode`, which holds a value to control the exit code after running. Add an `Exit` constant which aliases to `ExitWithCode(0)` instead to avoid major breakage. This shouldn't affect most existing programs.
+- Add `EventLoopBuilder`, which allows you to create and tweak the settings of an event loop before creating it.
+- Deprecated `EventLoop::with_user_event`; use `EventLoopBuilder::with_user_event` instead.
+- **Breaking:** Replaced `EventLoopExtMacOS` with `EventLoopBuilderExtMacOS` (which also has renamed methods).
+- **Breaking:** Replaced `EventLoopExtWindows` with `EventLoopBuilderExtWindows` (which also has renamed methods).
+- **Breaking:** Replaced `EventLoopExtUnix` with `EventLoopBuilderExtUnix` (which also has renamed methods).
+- **Breaking:** The platform specific extensions for Windows `winit::platform::windows` have changed. All `HANDLE`-like types e.g. `HWND` and `HMENU` were converted from winapi types or `*mut c_void` to `isize`. This was done to be consistent with the type definitions in windows-sys and to not expose internal dependencies.
+- The internal bindings to the [Windows API](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/) were changed from the unofficial [winapi](https://github.com/retep998/winapi-rs) bindings to the official Microsoft [windows-sys](https://github.com/microsoft/windows-rs) bindings.
+- On Wayland, fix polling during consecutive `EventLoop::run_return` invocations.
+- On Windows, fix race issue creating fullscreen windows with `WindowBuilder::with_fullscreen`
+- On Android, `virtual_keycode` for `KeyboardInput` events is now filled in where a suitable match is found.
+- Added helper methods on `ControlFlow` to set its value.
+- On Wayland, fix `TouchPhase::Ended` always reporting the location of the first touch down, unless the compositor
+  sent a cancel or frame event.
+- On iOS, send `RedrawEventsCleared` even if there are no redraw events, consistent with other platforms.
+- **Breaking:** Replaced `Window::with_app_id` and `Window::with_class` with `Window::with_name` on `WindowBuilderExtUnix`.
+- On Wayland, fallback CSD was replaced with proper one:
+  - `WindowBuilderExtUnix::with_wayland_csd_theme` to set color theme in builder.
+  - `WindowExtUnix::wayland_set_csd_theme` to set color theme when creating a window.
+  - `WINIT_WAYLAND_CSD_THEME` env variable was added, it can be used to set "dark"/"light" theme in apps that don't expose theme setting.
+  - `wayland-csd-adwaita` feature that enables proper CSD with title rendering using FreeType system library.
+  - `wayland-csd-adwaita-notitle` feature that enables CSD but without title rendering.
+- On Wayland and X11, fix window not resizing with `Window::set_inner_size` after calling `Window:set_resizable(false)`.
+- On Windows, fix wrong fullscreen monitors being recognized when handling WM_WINDOWPOSCHANGING messages
+- **Breaking:** Added new `WindowEvent::Ime` supported on desktop platforms.
+- Added `Window::set_ime_allowed` supported on desktop platforms.
+- **Breaking:** IME input on desktop platforms won't be received unless it's explicitly allowed via `Window::set_ime_allowed` and new `WindowEvent::Ime` events are handled.
+- On macOS, `WindowEvent::Resized` is now emitted in `frameDidChange` instead of `windowDidResize`.
+- **Breaking:** On X11, device events are now ignored for unfocused windows by default, use `EventLoopWindowTarget::set_device_event_filter` to set the filter level.
+- Implemented `Default` on `EventLoop<()>`.
+- Implemented `Eq` for `Fullscreen`, `Theme`, and `UserAttentionType`.
+- **Breaking:** `Window::set_cursor_grab` now accepts `CursorGrabMode` to control grabbing behavior.
+- On Wayland, add support for `Window::set_cursor_position`.
+- Fix on macOS `WindowBuilder::with_disallow_hidpi`, setting true or false by the user no matter the SO default value.
+- `EventLoopBuilder::build` will now panic when the `EventLoop` is being created more than once.
+- Added `From<u64>` for `WindowId` and `From<WindowId>` for `u64`.
+- Added `MonitorHandle::refresh_rate_millihertz` to get monitor's refresh rate.
+- **Breaking**, Replaced `VideoMode::refresh_rate` with `VideoMode::refresh_rate_millihertz` providing better precision.
+- On Web, add `with_prevent_default` and `with_focusable` to `WindowBuilderExtWebSys` to control whether events should be propagated.
+- On Windows, fix focus events being sent to inactive windows.
+- **Breaking**, update `raw-window-handle` to `v0.5` and implement `HasRawDisplayHandle` for `Window` and `EventLoopWindowTarget`.
+- On X11, add function `register_xlib_error_hook` into `winit::platform::unix` to subscribe for errors comming from Xlib.
+- On Android, upgrade `ndk` and `ndk-glue` dependencies to the recently released `0.7.0`.
+- All platforms can now be relied on to emit a `Resumed` event. Applications are recommended to lazily initialize graphics state and windows on first resume for portability.
+- **Breaking:**: Reverse horizontal scrolling sign in `MouseScrollDelta` to match the direction of vertical scrolling. A positive X value now means moving the content to the right. The meaning of vertical scrolling stays the same: a positive Y value means moving the content down.
+- On MacOS, fix deadlock when calling `set_maximized` from event loop.
+
+# 0.26.1 (2022-01-05)
+
+- Fix linking to the `ColorSync` framework on macOS 10.7, and in newer Rust versions.
+- On Web, implement cursor grabbing through the pointer lock API.
+- On X11, add mappings for numpad comma, numpad enter, numlock and pause.
+- On macOS, fix Pinyin IME input by reverting a change that intended to improve IME.
+- On Windows, fix a crash with transparent windows on Windows 11.
+
+# 0.26.0 (2021-12-01)
+
+- Update `raw-window-handle` to `v0.4`. This is _not_ a breaking change, we still implement `HasRawWindowHandle` from `v0.3`, see [rust-windowing/raw-window-handle#74](https://github.com/rust-windowing/raw-window-handle/pull/74). Note that you might have to run `cargo update -p raw-window-handle` after upgrading.
+- On X11, bump `mio` to 0.8.
+- On Android, fixed `WindowExtAndroid::config` initially returning an empty `Configuration`.
+- On Android, fixed `Window::scale_factor` and `MonitorHandle::scale_factor` initially always returning 1.0.
+- On X11, select an appropriate visual for transparency if is requested
+- On Wayland and X11, fix diagonal window resize cursor orientation.
+- On macOS, drop the event callback before exiting.
+- On Android, implement `Window::request_redraw`
+- **Breaking:** On Web, remove the `stdweb` backend.
+- Added `Window::focus_window`to bring the window to the front and set input focus.
+- On Wayland and X11, implement `is_maximized` method on `Window`.
+- On Windows, prevent ghost window from showing up in the taskbar after either several hours of use or restarting `explorer.exe`.
+- On macOS, fix issue where `ReceivedCharacter` was not being emitted during some key repeat events.
+- On Wayland, load cursor icons `hand2` and `hand1` for `CursorIcon::Hand`.
+- **Breaking:** On Wayland, Theme trait and its support types are dropped.
+- On Wayland, bump `smithay-client-toolkit` to 0.15.1.
+- On Wayland, implement `request_user_attention` with `xdg_activation_v1`.
+- On X11, emit missing `WindowEvent::ScaleFactorChanged` when the only monitor gets reconnected.
+- On X11, if RANDR based scale factor is higher than 20 reset it to 1
+- On Wayland, add an enabled-by-default feature called `wayland-dlopen` so users can opt out of using `dlopen` to load system libraries.
+- **Breaking:** On Android, bump `ndk` and `ndk-glue` to 0.5.
+- On Windows, increase wait timer resolution for more accurate timing when using `WaitUntil`.
+- On macOS, fix native file dialogs hanging the event loop.
+- On Wayland, implement a workaround for wrong configure size when using `xdg_decoration` in `kwin_wayland`
+- On macOS, fix an issue that prevented the menu bar from showing in borderless fullscreen mode.
+- On X11, EINTR while polling for events no longer causes a panic. Instead it will be treated as a spurious wakeup.
+
 # 0.25.0 (2021-05-15)
 
 - **Breaking:** On macOS, replace `WindowBuilderExtMacOS::with_activation_policy` with `EventLoopExtMacOS::set_activation_policy`
@@ -184,13 +441,13 @@
 
 - On X11, fix `ModifiersChanged` emitting incorrect modifier change events
 - **Breaking**: Overhaul how Winit handles DPI:
-  + Window functions and events now return `PhysicalSize` instead of `LogicalSize`.
-  + Functions that take `Size` or `Position` types can now take either `Logical` or `Physical` types.
-  + `hidpi_factor` has been renamed to `scale_factor`.
-  + `HiDpiFactorChanged` has been renamed to `ScaleFactorChanged`, and lets you control how the OS
+  - Window functions and events now return `PhysicalSize` instead of `LogicalSize`.
+  - Functions that take `Size` or `Position` types can now take either `Logical` or `Physical` types.
+  - `hidpi_factor` has been renamed to `scale_factor`.
+  - `HiDpiFactorChanged` has been renamed to `ScaleFactorChanged`, and lets you control how the OS
     resizes the window in response to the change.
-  + On X11, deprecate `WINIT_HIDPI_FACTOR` environment variable in favor of `WINIT_X11_SCALE_FACTOR`.
-  + `Size` and `Position` types are now generic over their exact pixel type.
+  - On X11, deprecate `WINIT_HIDPI_FACTOR` environment variable in favor of `WINIT_X11_SCALE_FACTOR`.
+  - `Size` and `Position` types are now generic over their exact pixel type.
 
 # 0.20.0 Alpha 6 (2020-01-03)
 
@@ -295,7 +552,7 @@
 - `Window::set_fullscreen` now takes `Option<Fullscreen>` where `Fullscreen`
   consists of `Fullscreen::Exclusive(VideoMode)` and
   `Fullscreen::Borderless(MonitorHandle)` variants.
-    - Adds support for exclusive fullscreen mode.
+  - Adds support for exclusive fullscreen mode.
 - On iOS, add support for hiding the home indicator.
 - On iOS, add support for deferring system gestures.
 - On iOS, fix a crash that occurred while acquiring a monitor's name.
@@ -494,7 +751,7 @@ and `WindowEvent::HoveredFile`.
 # Version 0.16.1 (2018-07-02)
 
 - Added logging through `log`. Logging will become more extensive over time.
-- On X11 and Windows, the window's DPI factor is guessed before creating the window. This *greatly* cuts back on unsightly auto-resizing that would occur immediately after window creation.
+- On X11 and Windows, the window's DPI factor is guessed before creating the window. This _greatly_ cuts back on unsightly auto-resizing that would occur immediately after window creation.
 - Fixed X11 backend compilation for environments where `c_char` is unsigned.
 
 # Version 0.16.0 (2018-06-25)
@@ -644,7 +901,7 @@ and `WindowEvent::HoveredFile`.
 
 # Version 0.10.1 (2018-02-05)
 
-*Yanked*
+_Yanked_
 
 # Version 0.10.0 (2017-12-27)
 

CONTRIBUTING.md

@@ -20,12 +20,16 @@ your description of the issue as detailed as possible:
 
 When making a code contribution to winit, before opening your pull request, please make sure that:
 
+- your patch builds with Winit's minimal supported rust version - Rust 1.60.
 - you tested your modifications on all the platforms impacted, or if not possible detail which platforms
   were not tested, and what should be tested, so that a maintainer or another contributor can test them
 - you updated any relevant documentation in winit
 - you left comments in your code explaining any part that is not straightforward, so that the
   maintainers and future contributors don't have to try to guess what your code is supposed to do
-- your PR adds an entry to the changelog file if the introduced change is relevant to winit users
+- your PR adds an entry to the changelog file if the introduced change is relevant to winit users.
+
+  You needn't worry about the added entry causing conflicts, the maintainer that merges the PR will
+  handle those for you when merging (see below).
 - if your PR affects the platform compatibility of one or more features or adds another feature, the
   relevant sections in [`FEATURES.md`](https://github.com/rust-windowing/winit/blob/master/FEATURES.md#features)
   should be updated.
@@ -34,9 +38,35 @@ Once your PR is open, you can ask for review by a maintainer of your platform. W
 is that a PR must be approved by at least two maintainers of winit before being merged, including
 at least a maintainer of the platform (a maintainer making a PR themselves counts as approving it).
 
+Once your PR is deemed ready, the merging maintainer will take care of resolving conflicts in
+`CHANGELOG.md` (but you must resolve other conflicts yourself). Doing this requires that you check the
+"give contributors write access to the branch" checkbox when creating the PR.
+
 ## Maintainers & Testers
 
-The current [list of testers and contributors](https://github.com/rust-windowing/winit/wiki/Testers-and-Contributors)
-can be found on the Wiki.
+The current maintainers are listed in the [CODEOWNERS](.github/CODEOWNERS) file.
 
-If you are interested in contributing or testing on a platform, please add yourself to that table!
+If you are interested in being pinged when testing is needed for a certain platform, please add yourself to the [Testers and Contributors](https://github.com/rust-windowing/winit/wiki/Testers-and-Contributors) table!
+
+## Release process
+
+Given that winit is a widely used library we should be able to make a patch
+releases at any time we want without blocking the development of new features.
+
+To achieve these goals, a new branch is created for every new release. Releases
+and later patch releases are committed and tagged in this branch.
+
+The exact steps for an exemplary `0.2.0` release might look like this:
+  1. Initially the version on the latest master is `0.1.0`
+  2. A new `v0.2.x` branch is created for the release
+  3. In the branch, the version is bumped to `v0.2.0`
+  4. The new commit in the branch is tagged `v0.2.0`
+  5. The version is pushed to crates.io
+  6. A GitHub release is created for the `v0.2.0` tag
+  7. On master, the version is bumped to `0.2.0` and the CHANGELOG is updated
+  
+When doing a patch release the process is similar:
+  1. Initially the version of the latest release is `0.2.0`
+  2. Checkout the `v0.2.x` branch
+  3. Cherry-pick the required non-breaking changes into the `v0.2.x`
+  4. Follow steps 3-7 of the regular release example

Cargo.toml

@@ -1,103 +1,129 @@
 [package]
 name = "winit"
-version = "0.25.0"
+version = "0.28.7"
 authors = ["The winit contributors", "Pierre Krieger <pierre.krieger1708@gmail.com>"]
 description = "Cross-platform window creation library."
-edition = "2018"
+edition = "2021"
 keywords = ["windowing"]
 license = "Apache-2.0"
 readme = "README.md"
 repository = "https://github.com/rust-windowing/winit"
 documentation = "https://docs.rs/winit"
 categories = ["gui"]
+rust-version = "1.60.0"
 
 [package.metadata.docs.rs]
-features = ["serde", "web-sys"]
+features = ["serde"]
 default-target = "x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu"
-targets = ["i686-pc-windows-msvc", "x86_64-pc-windows-msvc", "i686-unknown-linux-gnu", "x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu", "x86_64-apple-darwin", "wasm32-unknown-unknown"]
+# These are all tested in CI
+targets = [
+    # Windows
+    "i686-pc-windows-msvc",
+    "x86_64-pc-windows-msvc",
+    # macOS
+    "x86_64-apple-darwin",
+    # Unix (X11 & Wayland)
+    "i686-unknown-linux-gnu",
+    "x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu",
+    # iOS
+    "x86_64-apple-ios",
+    # Android
+    "aarch64-linux-android",
+    # WebAssembly
+    "wasm32-unknown-unknown",
+]
+rustdoc-args = ["--cfg", "docsrs"]
 
 [features]
-default = ["x11", "wayland"]
-web-sys = ["web_sys", "wasm-bindgen", "instant/wasm-bindgen"]
-stdweb = ["std_web", "instant/stdweb"]
-x11 = ["x11-dl", "mio", "mio-misc", "percent-encoding", "parking_lot"]
-wayland = ["wayland-client", "sctk"]
+default = ["x11", "wayland", "wayland-dlopen", "wayland-csd-adwaita"]
+x11 = ["x11-dl", "mio", "percent-encoding"]
+wayland = ["wayland-client", "wayland-protocols", "sctk", "wayland-commons"]
+wayland-dlopen = ["sctk/dlopen", "wayland-client/dlopen"]
+wayland-csd-adwaita = ["sctk-adwaita", "sctk-adwaita/ab_glyph"]
+wayland-csd-adwaita-crossfont = ["sctk-adwaita", "sctk-adwaita/crossfont"]
+wayland-csd-adwaita-notitle = ["sctk-adwaita"]
+android-native-activity = [ "android-activity/native-activity" ]
+android-game-activity = [ "android-activity/game-activity" ]
+
+[build-dependencies]
+cfg_aliases = "0.1.1"
 
 [dependencies]
-instant = "0.1"
-lazy_static = "1"
-libc = "0.2.64"
-log = "0.4"
-serde = { version = "1", optional = true, features = ["serde_derive"] }
-raw-window-handle = "0.3"
 bitflags = "1"
+instant = { version = "0.1", features = ["wasm-bindgen"] }
+log = "0.4"
 mint = { version = "0.5.6", optional = true }
+once_cell = "1.12"
+raw_window_handle = { package = "raw-window-handle", version = "0.5" }
+serde = { version = "1", optional = true, features = ["serde_derive"] }
 
 [dev-dependencies]
-image = "0.23.12"
-simple_logger = "1.9"
+image = { version = "0.24.0", default-features = false, features = ["png"] }
+simple_logger = { version = "2.1.0", default_features = false }
 
 [target.'cfg(target_os = "android")'.dependencies]
-ndk = "0.3"
-ndk-sys = "0.2.0"
-ndk-glue = "0.3"
+# Coordinate the next winit release with android-ndk-rs: https://github.com/rust-windowing/winit/issues/1995
+android-activity = "0.4.0"
+ndk = "0.7.0"
 
 [target.'cfg(any(target_os = "ios", target_os = "macos"))'.dependencies]
-objc = "0.2.7"
+core-foundation = "0.9.3"
+objc2 = ">=0.3.0-beta.3, <0.3.0-beta.4" # Allow `0.3.0-beta.3.patch-leaks`
 
 [target.'cfg(target_os = "macos")'.dependencies]
-cocoa = "0.24"
-core-foundation = "0.9"
-core-graphics = "0.22"
+core-graphics = "0.22.3"
 dispatch = "0.2.0"
-scopeguard = "1.1"
 
-[target.'cfg(target_os = "macos")'.dependencies.core-video-sys]
-version = "0.1.4"
-default_features = false
-features = ["display_link"]
-
-[target.'cfg(target_os = "windows")'.dependencies]
-parking_lot = "0.11"
-
-[target.'cfg(target_os = "windows")'.dependencies.winapi]
-version = "0.3.6"
+[target.'cfg(target_os = "windows")'.dependencies.windows-sys]
+version = "0.45"
 features = [
-    "combaseapi",
-    "commctrl",
-    "dwmapi",
-    "errhandlingapi",
-    "imm",
-    "hidusage",
-    "libloaderapi",
-    "objbase",
-    "ole2",
-    "processthreadsapi",
-    "shellapi",
-    "shellscalingapi",
-    "shobjidl_core",
-    "unknwnbase",
-    "winbase",
-    "windowsx",
-    "winerror",
-    "wingdi",
-    "winnt",
-    "winuser",
+    "Win32_Devices_HumanInterfaceDevice",
+    "Win32_Foundation",
+    "Win32_Globalization",
+    "Win32_Graphics_Dwm",
+    "Win32_Graphics_Gdi",
+    "Win32_Media",
+    "Win32_System_Com_StructuredStorage",
+    "Win32_System_Com",
+    "Win32_System_LibraryLoader",
+    "Win32_System_Ole",
+    "Win32_System_SystemInformation",
+    "Win32_System_SystemServices",
+    "Win32_System_Threading",
+    "Win32_System_WindowsProgramming",
+    "Win32_UI_Accessibility",
+    "Win32_UI_Controls",
+    "Win32_UI_HiDpi",
+    "Win32_UI_Input_Ime",
+    "Win32_UI_Input_KeyboardAndMouse",
+    "Win32_UI_Input_Pointer",
+    "Win32_UI_Input_Touch",
+    "Win32_UI_Shell",
+    "Win32_UI_TextServices",
+    "Win32_UI_WindowsAndMessaging",
 ]
 
-[target.'cfg(any(target_os = "linux", target_os = "dragonfly", target_os = "freebsd", target_os = "openbsd", target_os = "netbsd"))'.dependencies]
-wayland-client = { version = "0.28", features = [ "dlopen"] , optional = true }
-sctk = { package = "smithay-client-toolkit", version = "0.12.3", optional = true }
-mio = { version = "0.7", features = ["os-ext"], optional = true }
-mio-misc = { version = "1.0", optional = true }
-x11-dl = { version = "2.18.5", optional = true }
+[target.'cfg(all(unix, not(any(target_os = "redox", target_arch = "wasm32", target_os = "android", target_os = "ios", target_os = "macos"))))'.dependencies]
+libc = "0.2.64"
+mio = { version = "0.8", features = ["os-ext"], optional = true }
 percent-encoding = { version = "2.0", optional = true }
-parking_lot = { version = "0.11.0", optional = true }
+sctk = { package = "smithay-client-toolkit", version = "0.16.0", default_features = false, features = ["calloop"],  optional = true }
+sctk-adwaita = { version = "0.5.1", default_features = false, optional = true }
+wayland-client = { version = "0.29.5", default_features = false,  features = ["use_system_lib"], optional = true }
+wayland-protocols = { version = "0.29.5", features = [ "staging_protocols"], optional = true }
+wayland-commons = { version = "0.29.5", optional = true }
+x11-dl = { version = "2.18.5", optional = true }
+
+[target.'cfg(target_os = "redox")'.dependencies]
+orbclient = { version = "0.3.42", default-features = false }
+redox_syscall = "0.3"
+
+[target.'cfg(any(target_os = "linux", target_os = "dragonfly", target_os = "freebsd", target_os = "openbsd", target_os = "netbsd"))'.build-dependencies]
+wayland-scanner = "0.29.5"
 
 [target.'cfg(target_arch = "wasm32")'.dependencies.web_sys]
 package = "web-sys"
 version = "0.3.22"
-optional = true
 features = [
     'console',
     "AddEventListenerOptions",
@@ -107,6 +133,7 @@ features = [
     'DomRect',
     'Element',
     'Event',
+    "EventListenerOptions",
     'EventTarget',
     'FocusEvent',
     'HtmlCanvasElement',
@@ -123,13 +150,12 @@ features = [
 
 [target.'cfg(target_arch = "wasm32")'.dependencies.wasm-bindgen]
 version = "0.2.45"
-optional = true
-
-[target.'cfg(target_arch = "wasm32")'.dependencies.std_web]
-package = "stdweb"
-version = "=0.4.20"
-optional = true
-features = ["experimental_features_which_may_break_on_minor_version_bumps"]
 
 [target.'cfg(target_arch = "wasm32")'.dev-dependencies]
 console_log = "0.2"
+web-sys = { version = "0.3.22", features = ['CanvasRenderingContext2d'] }
+
+[workspace]
+members = [
+    "run-wasm",
+]

FEATURES.md

@@ -1,13 +1,14 @@
 # Winit Scope
 
 Winit aims to expose an interface that abstracts over window creation and input handling, and can
-be used to create both games and applications. It supports the main graphical platforms:
+be used to create both games and applications. It supports the following main graphical platforms:
 - Desktop
-  - Windows
-  - macOS
+  - Windows 7+ (10+ is tested regularly)
+  - macOS 10.7+ (10.14+ is tested regularly)
   - Unix
     - via X11
     - via Wayland
+  - Redox OS, via Orbital
 - Mobile
   - iOS
   - Android
@@ -100,8 +101,10 @@ If your PR makes notable changes to Winit's features, please update this section
 ### Input Handling
 - **Mouse events**: Generating mouse events associated with pointer motion, click, and scrolling events.
 - **Mouse set location**: Forcibly changing the location of the pointer.
-- **Cursor grab**: Locking the cursor so it cannot exit the client area of a window.
+- **Cursor locking**: Locking the cursor inside the window so it cannot move.
+- **Cursor confining**: Confining the cursor to the window bounds so it cannot leave them.
 - **Cursor icon**: Changing the cursor icon, or hiding the cursor.
+- **Cursor hittest**: Handle or ignore mouse events for a window.
 - **Touch events**: Single-touch events.
 - **Touch pressure**: Touch events contain information about the amount of force being applied.
 - **Multitouch**: Multi-touch events, including cancellation of a gesture.
@@ -127,6 +130,8 @@ If your PR makes notable changes to Winit's features, please update this section
 * Hidden titlebar
 * Hidden titlebar buttons
 * Full-size content view
+* Accepts first mouse
+* Set a preferred theme and get current theme.
 
 ### Unix
 * Window urgency
@@ -134,6 +139,7 @@ If your PR makes notable changes to Winit's features, please update this section
 * X11 Override Redirect Flag
 * GTK Theme Variant
 * Base window size
+* Setting the X11 parent window
 
 ### iOS
 * `winit` has a minimum OS requirement of iOS 8
@@ -146,7 +152,6 @@ If your PR makes notable changes to Winit's features, please update this section
 * Home indicator visibility
 * Status bar visibility
 * Deferrring system gestures
-* Support for custom `UIView` derived class
 * Getting the device idiom
 * Getting the preferred video mode
 
@@ -167,62 +172,63 @@ Legend:
 - ❓: Unknown status
 
 ### Windowing
-|Feature                          |Windows|MacOS   |Linux x11   |Linux Wayland  |Android|iOS    |WASM      |
-|-------------------------------- | ----- | ----   | -------    | -----------   | ----- | ----- | -------- |
-|Window initialization            |✔️     |✔️     |▢[#5]      |✔️             |▢[#33]|▢[#33] |✔️        |
-|Providing pointer to init OpenGL |✔️     |✔️     |✔️         |✔️             |✔️     |✔️    |**N/A**|
-|Providing pointer to init Vulkan |✔️     |✔️     |✔️         |✔️             |✔️     |❓     |**N/A**|
-|Window decorations               |✔️     |✔️     |✔️         |▢[#306]        |**N/A**|**N/A**|**N/A**|
-|Window decorations toggle        |✔️     |✔️     |✔️         |✔️             |**N/A**|**N/A**|**N/A**|
-|Window resizing                  |✔️     |▢[#219]|✔️         |▢[#306]        |**N/A**|**N/A**|✔️        |
-|Window resize increments         |❌     |❌     |❌         |❌             |❌    |❌     |**N/A**|
-|Window transparency              |✔️     |✔️     |✔️         |✔️             |**N/A**|**N/A**|N/A        |
-|Window maximization              |✔️     |✔️     |✔️         |✔️             |**N/A**|**N/A**|**N/A**|
-|Window maximization toggle       |✔️     |✔️     |✔️         |✔️             |**N/A**|**N/A**|**N/A**|
-|Window minimization              |✔️     |✔️     |✔️         |✔️             |**N/A**|**N/A**|**N/A**|
-|Fullscreen                       |✔️     |✔️     |✔️         |✔️             |**N/A**|✔️     |✔️        |
-|Fullscreen toggle                |✔️     |✔️     |✔️         |✔️             |**N/A**|✔️     |✔️        |
-|Exclusive fullscreen             |✔️     |✔️     |✔️         |**N/A**         |❌    |✔️     |**N/A**|
-|HiDPI support                    |✔️     |✔️     |✔️         |✔️             |▢[#721]|✔️    |✔️ \*1|
-|Popup windows                    |❌     |❌     |❌         |❌             |❌    |❌     |**N/A**|
-
-\*1: `WindowEvent::ScaleFactorChanged` is not sent on `stdweb` backend.
+|Feature                          |Windows|MacOS   |Linux x11   |Linux Wayland  |Android|iOS    |WASM      |Redox OS|
+|-------------------------------- | ----- | ----   | -------    | -----------   | ----- | ----- | -------- | ------ |
+|Window initialization            |✔️     |✔️     |▢[#5]      |✔️             |▢[#33]|▢[#33] |✔️        |✔️      |
+|Providing pointer to init OpenGL |✔️     |✔️     |✔️         |✔️             |✔️     |✔️    |**N/A**|✔️      |
+|Providing pointer to init Vulkan |✔️     |✔️     |✔️         |✔️             |✔️     |❓     |**N/A**|**N/A** |
+|Window decorations               |✔️     |✔️     |✔️         |✔️             |**N/A**|**N/A**|**N/A**|✔️      |
+|Window decorations toggle        |✔️     |✔️     |✔️         |✔️             |**N/A**|**N/A**|**N/A**|**N/A** |
+|Window resizing                  |✔️     |✔️     |✔️         |✔️        |**N/A**|**N/A**|✔️        |✔️      |
+|Window resize increments         |❌     |✔️     |✔️         |❌             |**N/A**|**N/A**|**N/A**|**N/A** |
+|Window transparency              |✔️     |✔️     |✔️         |✔️             |**N/A**|**N/A**|N/A        |✔️      |
+|Window maximization              |✔️     |✔️     |✔️         |✔️             |**N/A**|**N/A**|**N/A**|**N/A** |
+|Window maximization toggle       |✔️     |✔️     |✔️         |✔️             |**N/A**|**N/A**|**N/A**|**N/A** |
+|Window minimization              |✔️     |✔️     |✔️         |✔️             |**N/A**|**N/A**|**N/A**|**N/A** |
+|Fullscreen                       |✔️     |✔️     |✔️         |✔️             |**N/A**|✔️     |✔️        |**N/A** |
+|Fullscreen toggle                |✔️     |✔️     |✔️         |✔️             |**N/A**|✔️     |✔️        |**N/A** |
+|Exclusive fullscreen             |✔️     |✔️     |✔️         |**N/A**         |❌    |✔️     |**N/A**|**N/A** |
+|HiDPI support                    |✔️     |✔️     |✔️         |✔️             |✔️     |✔️    |✔️    |❌      |
+|Popup windows                    |❌     |❌     |❌         |❌             |❌    |❌     |**N/A**|**N/A** |
 
 ### System information
-|Feature          |Windows|MacOS |Linux x11|Linux Wayland|Android|iOS      |WASM      |
-|---------------- | ----- | ---- | ------- | ----------- | ----- | ------- | -------- |
-|Monitor list     |✔️    |✔️    |✔️       |✔️          |**N/A**|✔️       |**N/A**|
-|Video mode query |✔️    |✔️    |✔️       |✔️          |❌     |✔️      |**N/A**|
+|Feature          |Windows|MacOS |Linux x11|Linux Wayland|Android|iOS      |WASM      |Redox OS|
+|---------------- | ----- | ---- | ------- | ----------- | ----- | ------- | -------- | ------ |
+|Monitor list     |✔️    |✔️    |✔️       |✔️          |✔️     |✔️      |**N/A**|❌      |
+|Video mode query |✔️    |✔️    |✔️       |✔️          |✔️     |✔️      |**N/A**|❌      |
 
 ### Input handling
-|Feature                 |Windows   |MacOS   |Linux x11|Linux Wayland|Android|iOS    |WASM      |
-|----------------------- | -----    | ----   | ------- | ----------- | ----- | ----- | -------- |
-|Mouse events            |✔️       |▢[#63]  |✔️       |✔️          |**N/A**|**N/A**|✔️        |
-|Mouse set location      |✔️       |✔️      |✔️       |❓           |**N/A**|**N/A**|**N/A**|
-|Cursor grab             |✔️       |▢[#165] |▢[#242]  |✔️         |**N/A**|**N/A**|❓        |
-|Cursor icon             |✔️       |✔️      |✔️       |✔️           |**N/A**|**N/A**|✔️        |
-|Touch events            |✔️       |❌      |✔️       |✔️          |✔️    |✔️     |❌        |
-|Touch pressure          |✔️       |❌      |❌       |❌          |❌    |✔️     |❌        |
-|Multitouch              |✔️       |❌      |✔️       |✔️          |✔️    |✔️     |❌        |
-|Keyboard events         |✔️       |✔️      |✔️       |✔️          |❓     |❌     |✔️        |
-|Drag & Drop             |▢[#720]  |▢[#720] |▢[#720]  |❌[#306]    |**N/A**|**N/A**|❓        |
-|Raw Device Events       |▢[#750]  |▢[#750] |▢[#750]  |❌          |❌    |❌     |❓        |
-|Gamepad/Joystick events |❌[#804] |❌      |❌       |❌          |❌    |❌     |❓        |
-|Device movement events  |❓        |❓       |❓       |❓           |❌    |❌     |❓        |
-|Drag window with cursor |✔️         |✔️       |✔️        |✔️            |**N/A**|**N/A**|**N/A**   |
+|Feature                 |Windows   |MacOS   |Linux x11|Linux Wayland|Android|iOS    |WASM      |Redox OS|
+|----------------------- | -----    | ----   | ------- | ----------- | ----- | ----- | -------- | ------ |
+|Mouse events            |✔️       |▢[#63]  |✔️       |✔️          |**N/A**|**N/A**|✔️        |✔️      |
+|Mouse set location      |✔️       |✔️      |✔️       |✔️(when locked)  |**N/A**|**N/A**|**N/A**|**N/A** |
+|Cursor locking          |❌       |✔️      |❌       |✔️          |**N/A**|**N/A**|✔️        |❌      |
+|Cursor confining        |✔️       |❌      |✔️       |✔️          |**N/A**|**N/A**|❌       |❌      |
+|Cursor icon             |✔️       |✔️      |✔️       |✔️          |**N/A**|**N/A**|✔️        |**N/A** |
+|Cursor hittest          |✔️       |✔️      |❌       |✔️          |**N/A**|**N/A**|❌        |❌      |
+|Touch events            |✔️       |❌      |✔️       |✔️          |✔️    |✔️     |✔️        |**N/A** |
+|Touch pressure          |✔️       |❌      |❌       |❌          |❌    |✔️     |✔️        |**N/A** |
+|Multitouch              |✔️       |❌      |✔️       |✔️          |✔️    |✔️     |❌        |**N/A** |
+|Keyboard events         |✔️       |✔️      |✔️       |✔️          |✔️    |❌     |✔️        |✔️      |
+|Drag & Drop             |▢[#720]  |▢[#720] |▢[#720]  |▢[#720]   |**N/A**|**N/A**|❓        |**N/A** |
+|Raw Device Events       |▢[#750]  |▢[#750] |▢[#750]  |❌          |❌    |❌     |❓        |**N/A** |
+|Gamepad/Joystick events |❌[#804] |❌      |❌       |❌          |❌    |❌     |❓        |**N/A** |
+|Device movement events  |❓        |❓       |❓       |❓           |❌    |❌     |❓        |**N/A** |
+|Drag window with cursor |✔️       |✔️      |✔️       |✔️          |**N/A**|**N/A**|**N/A**   |**N/A** |
+|Resize with cursor      |❌         |❌       |✔️       |❌       |**N/A**|**N/A**|**N/A**   |**N/A** |
 
 ### Pending API Reworks
 Changes in the API that have been agreed upon but aren't implemented across all platforms.
 
-|Feature                             |Windows|MacOS |Linux x11|Linux Wayland|Android|iOS    |WASM      |
-|------------------------------      | ----- | ---- | ------- | ----------- | ----- | ----- | -------- |
-|New API for HiDPI ([#315] [#319])   |✔️    |✔️    |✔️       |✔️          |▢[#721]|✔️    |❓        |
-|Event Loop 2.0 ([#459])             |✔️    |✔️    |❌       |✔️          |❌     |✔️    |❓        |
-|Keyboard Input ([#812])             |❌    |❌    |❌       |❌          |❌     |❌    |❓        |
+|Feature                             |Windows|MacOS |Linux x11|Linux Wayland|Android|iOS    |WASM      |Redox OS|
+|------------------------------      | ----- | ---- | ------- | ----------- | ----- | ----- | -------- | ------ |
+|New API for HiDPI ([#315] [#319])   |✔️    |✔️    |✔️       |✔️          |✔️     |✔️    |❓        |❓      |
+|Event Loop 2.0 ([#459])             |✔️    |✔️    |✔️       |✔️          |✔️     |✔️    |❓        |❓      |
+|Keyboard Input ([#812])             |❌    |❌    |❌       |❌          |❌     |❌    |❓        |❓      |
 
 ### Completed API Reworks
-|Feature                             |Windows|MacOS |Linux x11|Linux Wayland|Android|iOS    |WASM      |
-|------------------------------      | ----- | ---- | ------- | ----------- | ----- | ----- | -------- |
+|Feature                             |Windows|MacOS |Linux x11|Linux Wayland|Android|iOS    |WASM      |Redox OS|
+|------------------------------      | ----- | ---- | ------- | ----------- | ----- | ----- | -------- | ------ |
 
 [#165]: https://github.com/rust-windowing/winit/issues/165
 [#219]: https://github.com/rust-windowing/winit/issues/219

HALL_OF_CHAMPIONS.md

@@ -1,14 +1,26 @@
 # Hall of Champions
 
-The Winit maintainers would like to recognize the following former Winit
-contributors, without whom Winit would not exist in its current form. We thank
+The winit maintainers would like to recognize the following former winit
+contributors, without whom winit would not exist in its current form. We thank
 them deeply for their time and efforts, and wish them best of luck in their
 future endeavors:
 
-* [@tomaka]: For creating the Winit project and guiding it through its early
+* [@tomaka]: For creating the winit project and guiding it through its early
   years of existence.
+* [@vberger]: For diligently creating the Wayland backend, and being its
+  extremely helpful and benevolent maintainer for years.
 * [@francesca64]: For taking over the responsibility of maintaining almost every
-  Winit backend, and standardizing HiDPI support across all of them
+  winit backend, and standardizing HiDPI support across all of them.
+* [@Osspial]: For heroically landing EventLoop 2.0, and valiantly ushering in a
+  vastly more sustainable era of winit.
+* [@goddessfreya]: For selflessly taking over maintainership of glutin, and her
+  stellar dedication to improving both winit and glutin.
+* [@ArturKovacs]: For consistently maintaining the macOS backend, and his
+  immense involvement in designing and implementing the new keyboard API.
 
 [@tomaka]: https://github.com/tomaka
+[@vberger]: https://github.com/vberger
 [@francesca64]: https://github.com/francesca64
+[@Osspial]: https://github.com/Osspial
+[@goddessfreya]: https://github.com/goddessfreya
+[@ArturKovacs]: https://github.com/ArturKovacs

README.md

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 
 ```toml
 [dependencies]
-winit = "0.25.0"
+winit = "0.28.7"
 ```
 
 ## [Documentation](https://docs.rs/winit)
@@ -19,9 +19,8 @@ For features _outside_ the scope of winit, see [Missing features provided by oth
 
 Join us in any of these:
 
-[![Freenode](https://img.shields.io/badge/freenode.net-%23glutin-red.svg)](http://webchat.freenode.net?channels=%23glutin&uio=MTY9dHJ1ZSYyPXRydWUmND10cnVlJjExPTE4NSYxMj10cnVlJjE1PXRydWU7a)
-[![Matrix](https://img.shields.io/badge/Matrix-%23Glutin%3Amatrix.org-blueviolet.svg)](https://matrix.to/#/#Glutin:matrix.org)
-[![Gitter](https://badges.gitter.im/Join%20Chat.svg)](https://gitter.im/tomaka/glutin?utm_source=badge&utm_medium=badge&utm_campaign=pr-badge&utm_content=badge)
+[![Matrix](https://img.shields.io/badge/Matrix-%23rust--windowing%3Amatrix.org-blueviolet.svg)](https://matrix.to/#/#rust-windowing:matrix.org)
+[![Libera.Chat](https://img.shields.io/badge/libera.chat-%23winit-red.svg)](https://web.libera.chat/#winit)
 
 ## Usage
 
@@ -70,12 +69,19 @@ Winit provides the following features, which can be enabled in your `Cargo.toml`
 
 ### Platform-specific usage
 
+#### Wayland
+
+Note that windows don't appear on Wayland until you draw/present to them.
+
+`winit` doesn't do drawing, try the examples in [`glutin`] instead.
+
+[`glutin`]: https://github.com/rust-windowing/glutin
+
 #### WebAssembly
 
-Winit supports compiling to the `wasm32-unknown-unknown` target with either a
-`stdweb` or a `web-sys` backend for use on web browsers. However, please note
-that **the `stdweb` backend is being deprecated and may be removed in a future
-release of Winit**. The `web-sys` backend is also more feature complete.
+To run the web example: `cargo run-wasm --example web`
+
+Winit supports compiling to the `wasm32-unknown-unknown` target with `web-sys`.
 
 On the web platform, a Winit window is backed by a `<canvas>` element. You can
 either [provide Winit with a `<canvas>` element][web with_canvas], or [let Winit
@@ -93,31 +99,118 @@ book].
 
 #### Android
 
-This library makes use of the [ndk-rs](https://github.com/rust-windowing/android-ndk-rs) crates, refer to that repo for more documentation.
+The Android backend builds on (and exposes types from) the [`ndk`](https://docs.rs/ndk/0.7.0/ndk/) crate.
+
+Native Android applications need some form of "glue" crate that is responsible
+for defining the main entry point for your Rust application as well as tracking
+various life-cycle events and synchronizing with the main JVM thread.
+
+Winit uses the [android-activity](https://github.com/rib/android-activity) as a
+glue crate (prior to `0.28` it used
+[ndk-glue](https://github.com/rust-windowing/android-ndk-rs/tree/master/ndk-glue)).
+
+The version of the glue crate that your application depends on _must_ match the
+version that Winit depends on because the glue crate is responsible for your
+application's main entrypoint. If Cargo resolves multiple versions they will
+clash.
+
+`winit` glue compatibility table:
+
+| winit |       ndk-glue               |
+| :---: | :--------------------------: |
+| 0.28  | `android-activity = "0.4"`   |
+| 0.27  | `ndk-glue = "0.7"`           |
+| 0.26  | `ndk-glue = "0.5"`           |
+| 0.25  | `ndk-glue = "0.3"`           |
+| 0.24  | `ndk-glue = "0.2"`           |
+
+The recommended way to avoid a conflict with the glue version is to avoid explicitly
+depending on the `android-activity` crate, and instead consume the API that
+is re-exported by Winit under `winit::platform::android::activity::*`
 
 Running on an Android device needs a dynamic system library, add this to Cargo.toml:
+
 ```toml
-[[example]]
-name = "request_redraw_threaded"
+[lib]
+name = "main"
 crate-type = ["cdylib"]
 ```
 
-And add this to the example file to add the native activity glue:
+All Android applications are based on an `Activity` subclass and the
+`android-activity` crate is designed to support different choices for this base
+class. Your application _must_ specify the base class it needs via a feature flag:
+
+| Base Class       | Feature Flag      |  Notes  |
+| :--------------: | :---------------: | :-----: |
+| `NativeActivity` | `android-native-activity` | Built-in to Android - it is possible to use without compiling any Java or Kotlin code. Java or Kotlin code may be needed to subclass `NativeActivity` to access some platform features. It does not derive from the [`AndroidAppCompat`] base class.|
+| [`GameActivity`] | `android-game-activity`   | Derives from [`AndroidAppCompat`] which is a defacto standard `Activity` base class that helps support a wider range of Android versions. Requires a build system that can compile Java or Kotlin and fetch Android dependencies from a [Maven repository][agdk_jetpack] (or link with an embedded [release][agdk_releases] of [`GameActivity`]) |
+
+[`GameActivity`]: https://developer.android.com/games/agdk/game-activity
+[`GameTextInput`]: https://developer.android.com/games/agdk/add-support-for-text-input
+[`AndroidAppCompat`]: https://developer.android.com/reference/androidx/appcompat/app/AppCompatActivity
+[agdk_jetpack]: https://developer.android.com/jetpack/androidx/releases/games
+[agdk_releases]: https://developer.android.com/games/agdk/download#agdk-libraries
+[Gradle]: https://developer.android.com/studio/build
+
+For example, add this to Cargo.toml:
+```toml
+winit = { version = "0.28", features = [ "android-native-activity" ] }
+
+[target.'cfg(target_os = "android")'.dependencies]
+android_logger = "0.11.0"
+```
+
+And, for example, define an entry point for your library like this:
 ```rust
-#[cfg_attr(target_os = "android", ndk_glue::main(backtrace = "on"))]
-fn main() {
-    ...
+#[cfg(target_os = "android")]
+use winit::platform::android::activity::AndroidApp;
+
+#[cfg(target_os = "android")]
+#[no_mangle]
+fn android_main(app: AndroidApp) {
+    use winit::platform::android::EventLoopBuilderExtAndroid;
+
+    android_logger::init_once(android_logger::Config::default().with_min_level(log::Level::Trace));
+
+    let event_loop = EventLoopBuilder::with_user_event()
+        .with_android_app(app)
+        .build();
+    _main(event_loop);
 }
 ```
 
-And run the application with `cargo apk run --example request_redraw_threaded`
+For more details, refer to these `android-activity` [example applications](https://github.com/rib/android-activity/tree/main/examples).
+
+##### Converting from `ndk-glue` to `android-activity`
+
+If your application is currently based on `NativeActivity` via the `ndk-glue` crate and building with `cargo apk` then the minimal changes would be:
+1. Remove `ndk-glue` from your `Cargo.toml`
+2. Enable the `"android-native-activity"` feature for Winit: `winit = { version = "0.28", features = [ "android-native-activity" ] }`
+3. Add an `android_main` entrypoint (as above), instead of using the '`[ndk_glue::main]` proc macro from `ndk-macros` (optionally add a dependency on `android_logger` and initialize logging as above).
+4. Pass a clone of the `AndroidApp` that your application receives to Winit when building your event loop (as shown above).
 
 #### MacOS
 
-To ensure compatibility with older MacOS systems, winit links to
-CGDisplayCreateUUIDFromDisplayID through the CoreGraphics framework.
-However, under certain setups this function is only available to be linked
-through the newer ColorSync framework. So, winit provides the
-`WINIT_LINK_COLORSYNC` environment variable which can be set to `1` or `true` 
-while compiling to enable linking via ColorSync.
+A lot of functionality expects the application to be ready before you start
+doing anything; this includes creating windows, fetching monitors, drawing,
+and so on, see issues [#2238], [#2051] and [#2087].
 
+If you encounter problems, you should try doing your initialization inside
+`Event::NewEvents(StartCause::Init)`.
+
+#### iOS
+
+Similar to macOS, iOS's main `UIApplicationMain` does some init work that's required
+by all UI related code, see issue [#1705]. You should consider creating your windows
+inside `Event::NewEvents(StartCause::Init)`.
+
+
+[#2238]: https://github.com/rust-windowing/winit/issues/2238
+[#2051]: https://github.com/rust-windowing/winit/issues/2051
+[#2087]: https://github.com/rust-windowing/winit/issues/2087
+[#1705]: https://github.com/rust-windowing/winit/issues/1705
+
+#### Redox OS
+
+Redox OS has some functionality not present yet, that will be implemented when
+its orbital display server provides it.

build.rs

@@ -1,10 +1,64 @@
-fn main() {
-    // If building for macos and WINIT_LINK_COLORSYNC is set to true
-    // use CGDisplayCreateUUIDFromDisplayID from ColorSync instead of CoreGraphics
-    if std::env::var("CARGO_CFG_TARGET_OS").map_or(false, |os| os == "macos")
-        && std::env::var("WINIT_LINK_COLORSYNC")
-            .map_or(false, |v| v == "1" || v.eq_ignore_ascii_case("true"))
-    {
-        println!("cargo:rustc-cfg=use_colorsync_cgdisplaycreateuuidfromdisplayid");
+use cfg_aliases::cfg_aliases;
+
+#[cfg(all(
+    any(
+        target_os = "linux",
+        target_os = "dragonfly",
+        target_os = "freebsd",
+        target_os = "openbsd",
+        target_os = "netbsd",
+    ),
+    feature = "wayland",
+))]
+mod wayland {
+    use std::env;
+    use std::path::PathBuf;
+    use wayland_scanner::Side;
+
+    pub fn main() {
+        let mut path = PathBuf::from(env::var("OUT_DIR").unwrap());
+        path.push("fractional_scale_v1.rs");
+        wayland_scanner::generate_code(
+            "wayland_protocols/fractional-scale-v1.xml",
+            &path,
+            Side::Client,
+        );
     }
 }
+
+fn main() {
+    // The script doesn't depend on our code
+    println!("cargo:rerun-if-changed=build.rs");
+    println!("cargo:rerun-if-changed=wayland_protocols");
+
+    // Setup cfg aliases
+    cfg_aliases! {
+        // Systems.
+        android_platform: { target_os = "android" },
+        wasm_platform: { target_arch = "wasm32" },
+        macos_platform: { target_os = "macos" },
+        ios_platform: { target_os = "ios" },
+        windows_platform: { target_os = "windows" },
+        apple: { any(target_os = "ios", target_os = "macos") },
+        free_unix: { all(unix, not(apple), not(android_platform)) },
+        redox: { target_os = "redox" },
+
+        // Native displays.
+        x11_platform: { all(feature = "x11", free_unix, not(wasm), not(redox)) },
+        wayland_platform: { all(feature = "wayland", free_unix, not(wasm), not(redox)) },
+        orbital_platform: { redox },
+    }
+
+    // XXX aliases are not available for the build script itself.
+    #[cfg(all(
+        any(
+            target_os = "linux",
+            target_os = "dragonfly",
+            target_os = "freebsd",
+            target_os = "openbsd",
+            target_os = "netbsd",
+        ),
+        feature = "wayland",
+    ))]
+    wayland::main();
+}

examples/child_window.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+#[cfg(any(x11_platform, macos_platform, windows_platform))]
+fn main() {
+    use std::collections::HashMap;
+
+    use raw_window_handle::HasRawWindowHandle;
+    use winit::{
+        dpi::{LogicalPosition, LogicalSize, Position},
+        event::{ElementState, Event, KeyboardInput, WindowEvent},
+        event_loop::{ControlFlow, EventLoop, EventLoopWindowTarget},
+        window::{Window, WindowBuilder, WindowId},
+    };
+
+    fn spawn_child_window(
+        parent: &Window,
+        event_loop: &EventLoopWindowTarget<()>,
+        windows: &mut HashMap<WindowId, Window>,
+    ) {
+        let parent = parent.raw_window_handle();
+        let mut builder = WindowBuilder::new()
+            .with_title("child window")
+            .with_inner_size(LogicalSize::new(200.0f32, 200.0f32))
+            .with_position(Position::Logical(LogicalPosition::new(0.0, 0.0)))
+            .with_visible(true);
+        // `with_parent_window` is unsafe. Parent window must be a valid window.
+        builder = unsafe { builder.with_parent_window(Some(parent)) };
+        let child_window = builder.build(event_loop).unwrap();
+
+        let id = child_window.id();
+        windows.insert(id, child_window);
+        println!("child window created with id: {id:?}");
+    }
+
+    let mut windows = HashMap::new();
+
+    let event_loop: EventLoop<()> = EventLoop::new();
+    let parent_window = WindowBuilder::new()
+        .with_title("parent window")
+        .with_position(Position::Logical(LogicalPosition::new(0.0, 0.0)))
+        .with_inner_size(LogicalSize::new(640.0f32, 480.0f32))
+        .build(&event_loop)
+        .unwrap();
+
+    println!("parent window: {parent_window:?})");
+
+    event_loop.run(move |event: Event<'_, ()>, event_loop, control_flow| {
+        *control_flow = ControlFlow::Wait;
+
+        if let Event::WindowEvent { event, window_id } = event {
+            match event {
+                WindowEvent::CloseRequested => {
+                    windows.clear();
+                    *control_flow = ControlFlow::Exit;
+                }
+                WindowEvent::CursorEntered { device_id: _ } => {
+                    // On x11, println when the cursor entered in a window even if the child window is created
+                    // by some key inputs.
+                    // the child windows are always placed at (0, 0) with size (200, 200) in the parent window,
+                    // so we also can see this log when we move the cursor arround (200, 200) in parent window.
+                    println!("cursor entered in the window {window_id:?}");
+                }
+                WindowEvent::KeyboardInput {
+                    input:
+                        KeyboardInput {
+                            state: ElementState::Pressed,
+                            ..
+                        },
+                    ..
+                } => {
+                    spawn_child_window(&parent_window, event_loop, &mut windows);
+                }
+                _ => (),
+            }
+        }
+    })
+}
+
+#[cfg(not(any(x11_platform, macos_platform, windows_platform)))]
+fn main() {
+    panic!("This example is supported only on x11, macOS, and Windows.");
+}

examples/control_flow.rs

@@ -1,9 +1,11 @@
+#![allow(clippy::single_match)]
+
 use std::{thread, time};
 
 use simple_logger::SimpleLogger;
 use winit::{
     event::{Event, KeyboardInput, WindowEvent},
-    event_loop::{ControlFlow, EventLoop},
+    event_loop::EventLoop,
     window::WindowBuilder,
 };
 
@@ -39,7 +41,7 @@ fn main() {
 
     event_loop.run(move |event, _, control_flow| {
         use winit::event::{ElementState, StartCause, VirtualKeyCode};
-        println!("{:?}", event);
+        println!("{event:?}");
         match event {
             Event::NewEvents(start_cause) => {
                 wait_cancelled = match start_cause {
@@ -62,19 +64,19 @@ fn main() {
                 } => match virtual_code {
                     VirtualKeyCode::Key1 => {
                         mode = Mode::Wait;
-                        println!("\nmode: {:?}\n", mode);
+                        println!("\nmode: {mode:?}\n");
                     }
                     VirtualKeyCode::Key2 => {
                         mode = Mode::WaitUntil;
-                        println!("\nmode: {:?}\n", mode);
+                        println!("\nmode: {mode:?}\n");
                     }
                     VirtualKeyCode::Key3 => {
                         mode = Mode::Poll;
-                        println!("\nmode: {:?}\n", mode);
+                        println!("\nmode: {mode:?}\n");
                     }
                     VirtualKeyCode::R => {
                         request_redraw = !request_redraw;
-                        println!("\nrequest_redraw: {}\n", request_redraw);
+                        println!("\nrequest_redraw: {request_redraw}\n");
                     }
                     VirtualKeyCode::Escape => {
                         close_requested = true;
@@ -88,23 +90,21 @@ fn main() {
                     window.request_redraw();
                 }
                 if close_requested {
-                    *control_flow = ControlFlow::Exit;
+                    control_flow.set_exit();
                 }
             }
             Event::RedrawRequested(_window_id) => {}
             Event::RedrawEventsCleared => {
-                *control_flow = match mode {
-                    Mode::Wait => ControlFlow::Wait,
+                match mode {
+                    Mode::Wait => control_flow.set_wait(),
                     Mode::WaitUntil => {
-                        if wait_cancelled {
-                            *control_flow
-                        } else {
-                            ControlFlow::WaitUntil(time::Instant::now() + WAIT_TIME)
+                        if !wait_cancelled {
+                            control_flow.set_wait_until(instant::Instant::now() + WAIT_TIME);
                         }
                     }
                     Mode::Poll => {
                         thread::sleep(POLL_SLEEP_TIME);
-                        ControlFlow::Poll
+                        control_flow.set_poll();
                     }
                 };
             }

examples/cursor.rs

@@ -1,7 +1,9 @@
+#![allow(clippy::single_match)]
+
 use simple_logger::SimpleLogger;
 use winit::{
     event::{ElementState, Event, KeyboardInput, WindowEvent},
-    event_loop::{ControlFlow, EventLoop},
+    event_loop::EventLoop,
     window::{CursorIcon, WindowBuilder},
 };
 
@@ -15,7 +17,7 @@ fn main() {
     let mut cursor_idx = 0;
 
     event_loop.run(move |event, _, control_flow| {
-        *control_flow = ControlFlow::Wait;
+        control_flow.set_wait();
 
         match event {
             Event::WindowEvent {
@@ -42,8 +44,7 @@ fn main() {
                 event: WindowEvent::CloseRequested,
                 ..
             } => {
-                *control_flow = ControlFlow::Exit;
-                return;
+                control_flow.set_exit();
             }
             _ => (),
         }

examples/cursor_grab.rs

@@ -1,8 +1,10 @@
+#![allow(clippy::single_match)]
+
 use simple_logger::SimpleLogger;
 use winit::{
     event::{DeviceEvent, ElementState, Event, KeyboardInput, ModifiersState, WindowEvent},
-    event_loop::{ControlFlow, EventLoop},
-    window::WindowBuilder,
+    event_loop::EventLoop,
+    window::{CursorGrabMode, WindowBuilder},
 };
 
 fn main() {
@@ -17,11 +19,11 @@ fn main() {
     let mut modifiers = ModifiersState::default();
 
     event_loop.run(move |event, _, control_flow| {
-        *control_flow = ControlFlow::Wait;
+        control_flow.set_wait();
 
         match event {
             Event::WindowEvent { event, .. } => match event {
-                WindowEvent::CloseRequested => *control_flow = ControlFlow::Exit,
+                WindowEvent::CloseRequested => control_flow.set_exit(),
                 WindowEvent::KeyboardInput {
                     input:
                         KeyboardInput {
@@ -32,21 +34,33 @@ fn main() {
                     ..
                 } => {
                     use winit::event::VirtualKeyCode::*;
-                    match key {
-                        Escape => *control_flow = ControlFlow::Exit,
-                        G => window.set_cursor_grab(!modifiers.shift()).unwrap(),
-                        H => window.set_cursor_visible(modifiers.shift()),
-                        _ => (),
+                    let result = match key {
+                        Escape => {
+                            control_flow.set_exit();
+                            Ok(())
+                        }
+                        G => window.set_cursor_grab(CursorGrabMode::Confined),
+                        L => window.set_cursor_grab(CursorGrabMode::Locked),
+                        A => window.set_cursor_grab(CursorGrabMode::None),
+                        H => {
+                            window.set_cursor_visible(modifiers.shift());
+                            Ok(())
+                        }
+                        _ => Ok(()),
+                    };
+
+                    if let Err(err) = result {
+                        println!("error: {err}");
                     }
                 }
                 WindowEvent::ModifiersChanged(m) => modifiers = m,
                 _ => (),
             },
             Event::DeviceEvent { event, .. } => match event {
-                DeviceEvent::MouseMotion { delta } => println!("mouse moved: {:?}", delta),
+                DeviceEvent::MouseMotion { delta } => println!("mouse moved: {delta:?}"),
                 DeviceEvent::Button { button, state } => match state {
-                    ElementState::Pressed => println!("mouse button {} pressed", button),
-                    ElementState::Released => println!("mouse button {} released", button),
+                    ElementState::Pressed => println!("mouse button {button} pressed"),
+                    ElementState::Released => println!("mouse button {button} released"),
                 },
                 _ => (),
             },

examples/custom_events.rs

@@ -1,9 +1,11 @@
-#[cfg(not(target_arch = "wasm32"))]
+#![allow(clippy::single_match)]
+
+#[cfg(not(wasm_platform))]
 fn main() {
     use simple_logger::SimpleLogger;
     use winit::{
         event::{Event, WindowEvent},
-        event_loop::{ControlFlow, EventLoop},
+        event_loop::EventLoopBuilder,
         window::WindowBuilder,
     };
 
@@ -13,7 +15,7 @@ fn main() {
     }
 
     SimpleLogger::new().init().unwrap();
-    let event_loop = EventLoop::<CustomEvent>::with_user_event();
+    let event_loop = EventLoopBuilder::<CustomEvent>::with_user_event().build();
 
     let _window = WindowBuilder::new()
         .with_title("A fantastic window!")
@@ -34,20 +36,20 @@ fn main() {
     });
 
     event_loop.run(move |event, _, control_flow| {
-        *control_flow = ControlFlow::Wait;
+        control_flow.set_wait();
 
         match event {
-            Event::UserEvent(event) => println!("user event: {:?}", event),
+            Event::UserEvent(event) => println!("user event: {event:?}"),
             Event::WindowEvent {
                 event: WindowEvent::CloseRequested,
                 ..
-            } => *control_flow = ControlFlow::Exit,
+            } => control_flow.set_exit(),
             _ => (),
         }
     });
 }
 
-#[cfg(target_arch = "wasm32")]
+#[cfg(wasm_platform)]
 fn main() {
     panic!("This example is not supported on web.");
 }

examples/drag_window.rs

@@ -1,9 +1,11 @@
+#![allow(clippy::single_match)]
+
 use simple_logger::SimpleLogger;
 use winit::{
     event::{
         ElementState, Event, KeyboardInput, MouseButton, StartCause, VirtualKeyCode, WindowEvent,
     },
-    event_loop::{ControlFlow, EventLoop},
+    event_loop::EventLoop,
     window::{Window, WindowBuilder, WindowId},
 };
 
@@ -22,7 +24,7 @@ fn main() {
             eprintln!("Switch which window is to be dragged by pressing \"x\".")
         }
         Event::WindowEvent { event, window_id } => match event {
-            WindowEvent::CloseRequested => *control_flow = ControlFlow::Exit,
+            WindowEvent::CloseRequested => control_flow.set_exit(),
             WindowEvent::MouseInput {
                 state: ElementState::Pressed,
                 button: MouseButton::Left,

examples/fullscreen.rs

@@ -1,69 +1,116 @@
-use std::io::{stdin, stdout, Write};
+#![allow(clippy::single_match)]
 
 use simple_logger::SimpleLogger;
 use winit::event::{ElementState, Event, KeyboardInput, VirtualKeyCode, WindowEvent};
-use winit::event_loop::{ControlFlow, EventLoop};
-use winit::monitor::{MonitorHandle, VideoMode};
+use winit::event_loop::EventLoop;
 use winit::window::{Fullscreen, WindowBuilder};
 
+#[cfg(target_os = "macos")]
+use winit::platform::macos::WindowExtMacOS;
+
 fn main() {
     SimpleLogger::new().init().unwrap();
     let event_loop = EventLoop::new();
 
-    print!("Please choose the fullscreen mode: (1) exclusive, (2) borderless: ");
-    stdout().flush().unwrap();
-
-    let mut num = String::new();
-    stdin().read_line(&mut num).unwrap();
-    let num = num.trim().parse().ok().expect("Please enter a number");
-
-    let fullscreen = Some(match num {
-        1 => Fullscreen::Exclusive(prompt_for_video_mode(&prompt_for_monitor(&event_loop))),
-        2 => Fullscreen::Borderless(Some(prompt_for_monitor(&event_loop))),
-        _ => panic!("Please enter a valid number"),
-    });
-
     let mut decorations = true;
+    let mut minimized = false;
 
     let window = WindowBuilder::new()
         .with_title("Hello world!")
-        .with_fullscreen(fullscreen.clone())
         .build(&event_loop)
         .unwrap();
 
-    event_loop.run(move |event, _, control_flow| {
-        *control_flow = ControlFlow::Wait;
+    let mut monitor_index = 0;
+    let mut monitor = event_loop
+        .available_monitors()
+        .next()
+        .expect("no monitor found!");
+    println!("Monitor: {:?}", monitor.name());
+
+    let mut mode_index = 0;
+    let mut mode = monitor.video_modes().next().expect("no mode found");
+    println!("Mode: {mode}");
+
+    println!("Keys:");
+    println!("- Esc\tExit");
+    println!("- F\tToggle exclusive fullscreen mode");
+    println!("- B\tToggle borderless mode");
+    #[cfg(target_os = "macos")]
+    println!("- C\tToggle simple fullscreen mode");
+    println!("- S\tNext screen");
+    println!("- M\tNext mode for this screen");
+    println!("- D\tToggle window decorations");
+    println!("- X\tMaximize window");
+    println!("- Z\tMinimize window");
+
+    event_loop.run(move |event, elwt, control_flow| {
+        control_flow.set_wait();
 
         match event {
             Event::WindowEvent { event, .. } => match event {
-                WindowEvent::CloseRequested => *control_flow = ControlFlow::Exit,
+                WindowEvent::CloseRequested => control_flow.set_exit(),
                 WindowEvent::KeyboardInput {
                     input:
                         KeyboardInput {
                             virtual_keycode: Some(virtual_code),
-                            state,
+                            state: ElementState::Pressed,
                             ..
                         },
                     ..
-                } => match (virtual_code, state) {
-                    (VirtualKeyCode::Escape, _) => *control_flow = ControlFlow::Exit,
-                    (VirtualKeyCode::F, ElementState::Pressed) => {
-                        if window.fullscreen().is_some() {
-                            window.set_fullscreen(None);
+                } => match virtual_code {
+                    VirtualKeyCode::Escape => control_flow.set_exit(),
+                    VirtualKeyCode::F | VirtualKeyCode::B if window.fullscreen().is_some() => {
+                        window.set_fullscreen(None);
+                    }
+                    VirtualKeyCode::F => {
+                        let fullscreen = Some(Fullscreen::Exclusive(mode.clone()));
+                        println!("Setting mode: {fullscreen:?}");
+                        window.set_fullscreen(fullscreen);
+                    }
+                    VirtualKeyCode::B => {
+                        let fullscreen = Some(Fullscreen::Borderless(Some(monitor.clone())));
+                        println!("Setting mode: {fullscreen:?}");
+                        window.set_fullscreen(fullscreen);
+                    }
+                    #[cfg(target_os = "macos")]
+                    VirtualKeyCode::C => {
+                        window.set_simple_fullscreen(!window.simple_fullscreen());
+                    }
+                    VirtualKeyCode::S => {
+                        monitor_index += 1;
+                        if let Some(mon) = elwt.available_monitors().nth(monitor_index) {
+                            monitor = mon;
                         } else {
-                            window.set_fullscreen(fullscreen.clone());
+                            monitor_index = 0;
+                            monitor = elwt.available_monitors().next().expect("no monitor found!");
                         }
+                        println!("Monitor: {:?}", monitor.name());
+
+                        mode_index = 0;
+                        mode = monitor.video_modes().next().expect("no mode found");
+                        println!("Mode: {mode}");
                     }
-                    (VirtualKeyCode::S, ElementState::Pressed) => {
-                        println!("window.fullscreen {:?}", window.fullscreen());
+                    VirtualKeyCode::M => {
+                        mode_index += 1;
+                        if let Some(m) = monitor.video_modes().nth(mode_index) {
+                            mode = m;
+                        } else {
+                            mode_index = 0;
+                            mode = monitor.video_modes().next().expect("no mode found");
+                        }
+                        println!("Mode: {mode}");
                     }
-                    (VirtualKeyCode::M, ElementState::Pressed) => {
+                    VirtualKeyCode::D => {
+                        decorations = !decorations;
+                        window.set_decorations(decorations);
+                    }
+                    VirtualKeyCode::X => {
                         let is_maximized = window.is_maximized();
                         window.set_maximized(!is_maximized);
                     }
-                    (VirtualKeyCode::D, ElementState::Pressed) => {
-                        decorations = !decorations;
-                        window.set_decorations(decorations);
+                    VirtualKeyCode::Z => {
+                        minimized = !minimized;
+                        window.set_minimized(minimized);
                     }
                     _ => (),
                 },
@@ -73,46 +120,3 @@ fn main() {
         }
     });
 }
-
-// Enumerate monitors and prompt user to choose one
-fn prompt_for_monitor(event_loop: &EventLoop<()>) -> MonitorHandle {
-    for (num, monitor) in event_loop.available_monitors().enumerate() {
-        println!("Monitor #{}: {:?}", num, monitor.name());
-    }
-
-    print!("Please write the number of the monitor to use: ");
-    stdout().flush().unwrap();
-
-    let mut num = String::new();
-    stdin().read_line(&mut num).unwrap();
-    let num = num.trim().parse().ok().expect("Please enter a number");
-    let monitor = event_loop
-        .available_monitors()
-        .nth(num)
-        .expect("Please enter a valid ID");
-
-    println!("Using {:?}", monitor.name());
-
-    monitor
-}
-
-fn prompt_for_video_mode(monitor: &MonitorHandle) -> VideoMode {
-    for (i, video_mode) in monitor.video_modes().enumerate() {
-        println!("Video mode #{}: {}", i, video_mode);
-    }
-
-    print!("Please write the number of the video mode to use: ");
-    stdout().flush().unwrap();
-
-    let mut num = String::new();
-    stdin().read_line(&mut num).unwrap();
-    let num = num.trim().parse().ok().expect("Please enter a number");
-    let video_mode = monitor
-        .video_modes()
-        .nth(num)
-        .expect("Please enter a valid ID");
-
-    println!("Using {}", video_mode);
-
-    video_mode
-}

examples/handling_close.rs

@@ -1,7 +1,9 @@
+#![allow(clippy::single_match)]
+
 use simple_logger::SimpleLogger;
 use winit::{
     event::{Event, KeyboardInput, WindowEvent},
-    event_loop::{ControlFlow, EventLoop},
+    event_loop::EventLoop,
     window::WindowBuilder,
 };
 
@@ -21,7 +23,7 @@ fn main() {
             ElementState::Released,
             VirtualKeyCode::{N, Y},
         };
-        *control_flow = ControlFlow::Wait;
+        control_flow.set_wait();
 
         match event {
             Event::WindowEvent { event, .. } => {
@@ -63,7 +65,7 @@ fn main() {
                                     // event loop (i.e. if it's a multi-window application), you need to
                                     // drop the window. That closes it, and results in `Destroyed` being
                                     // sent.
-                                    *control_flow = ControlFlow::Exit;
+                                    control_flow.set_exit();
                                 }
                             }
                             N => {

examples/ime.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,112 @@
+#![allow(clippy::single_match)]
+
+use log::LevelFilter;
+use simple_logger::SimpleLogger;
+use winit::{
+    dpi::PhysicalPosition,
+    event::{ElementState, Event, Ime, VirtualKeyCode, WindowEvent},
+    event_loop::{ControlFlow, EventLoop},
+    window::{ImePurpose, WindowBuilder},
+};
+
+fn main() {
+    SimpleLogger::new()
+        .with_level(LevelFilter::Trace)
+        .init()
+        .unwrap();
+
+    println!("IME position will system default");
+    println!("Click to set IME position to cursor's");
+    println!("Press F2 to toggle IME. See the documentation of `set_ime_allowed` for more info");
+    println!("Press F3 to cycle through IME purposes.");
+
+    let event_loop = EventLoop::new();
+
+    let window = WindowBuilder::new()
+        .with_inner_size(winit::dpi::LogicalSize::new(256f64, 128f64))
+        .build(&event_loop)
+        .unwrap();
+
+    let mut ime_purpose = ImePurpose::Normal;
+    let mut ime_allowed = true;
+    window.set_ime_allowed(ime_allowed);
+
+    let mut may_show_ime = false;
+    let mut cursor_position = PhysicalPosition::new(0.0, 0.0);
+    let mut ime_pos = PhysicalPosition::new(0.0, 0.0);
+
+    event_loop.run(move |event, _, control_flow| {
+        *control_flow = ControlFlow::Wait;
+        match event {
+            Event::WindowEvent {
+                event: WindowEvent::CloseRequested,
+                ..
+            } => *control_flow = ControlFlow::Exit,
+            Event::WindowEvent {
+                event: WindowEvent::CursorMoved { position, .. },
+                ..
+            } => {
+                cursor_position = position;
+            }
+            Event::WindowEvent {
+                event:
+                    WindowEvent::MouseInput {
+                        state: ElementState::Released,
+                        ..
+                    },
+                ..
+            } => {
+                println!(
+                    "Setting ime position to {}, {}",
+                    cursor_position.x, cursor_position.y
+                );
+                ime_pos = cursor_position;
+                if may_show_ime {
+                    window.set_ime_position(ime_pos);
+                }
+            }
+            Event::WindowEvent {
+                event: WindowEvent::Ime(event),
+                ..
+            } => {
+                println!("{event:?}");
+                may_show_ime = event != Ime::Disabled;
+                if may_show_ime {
+                    window.set_ime_position(ime_pos);
+                }
+            }
+            Event::WindowEvent {
+                event: WindowEvent::ReceivedCharacter(ch),
+                ..
+            } => {
+                println!("ch: {ch:?}");
+            }
+            Event::WindowEvent {
+                event: WindowEvent::KeyboardInput { input, .. },
+                ..
+            } => {
+                println!("key: {input:?}");
+
+                if input.state == ElementState::Pressed
+                    && input.virtual_keycode == Some(VirtualKeyCode::F2)
+                {
+                    ime_allowed = !ime_allowed;
+                    window.set_ime_allowed(ime_allowed);
+                    println!("\nIME allowed: {ime_allowed}\n");
+                }
+                if input.state == ElementState::Pressed
+                    && input.virtual_keycode == Some(VirtualKeyCode::F3)
+                {
+                    ime_purpose = match ime_purpose {
+                        ImePurpose::Normal => ImePurpose::Password,
+                        ImePurpose::Password => ImePurpose::Terminal,
+                        _ => ImePurpose::Normal,
+                    };
+                    window.set_ime_purpose(ime_purpose);
+                    println!("\nIME purpose: {ime_purpose:?}\n");
+                }
+            }
+            _ => (),
+        }
+    });
+}

examples/min_max_size.rs

@@ -1,30 +0,0 @@
-use simple_logger::SimpleLogger;
-use winit::{
-    dpi::LogicalSize,
-    event::{Event, WindowEvent},
-    event_loop::{ControlFlow, EventLoop},
-    window::WindowBuilder,
-};
-
-fn main() {
-    SimpleLogger::new().init().unwrap();
-    let event_loop = EventLoop::new();
-
-    let window = WindowBuilder::new().build(&event_loop).unwrap();
-
-    window.set_min_inner_size(Some(LogicalSize::new(400.0, 200.0)));
-    window.set_max_inner_size(Some(LogicalSize::new(800.0, 400.0)));
-
-    event_loop.run(move |event, _, control_flow| {
-        *control_flow = ControlFlow::Wait;
-        println!("{:?}", event);
-
-        match event {
-            Event::WindowEvent {
-                event: WindowEvent::CloseRequested,
-                ..
-            } => *control_flow = ControlFlow::Exit,
-            _ => (),
-        }
-    });
-}

examples/minimize.rs

@@ -1,41 +0,0 @@
-extern crate winit;
-
-use simple_logger::SimpleLogger;
-use winit::event::{Event, VirtualKeyCode, WindowEvent};
-use winit::event_loop::{ControlFlow, EventLoop};
-use winit::window::WindowBuilder;
-
-fn main() {
-    SimpleLogger::new().init().unwrap();
-    let event_loop = EventLoop::new();
-
-    let window = WindowBuilder::new()
-        .with_title("A fantastic window!")
-        .build(&event_loop)
-        .unwrap();
-
-    event_loop.run(move |event, _, control_flow| {
-        *control_flow = ControlFlow::Wait;
-
-        match event {
-            Event::WindowEvent {
-                event: WindowEvent::CloseRequested,
-                ..
-            } => *control_flow = ControlFlow::Exit,
-
-            // Keyboard input event to handle minimize via a hotkey
-            Event::WindowEvent {
-                event: WindowEvent::KeyboardInput { input, .. },
-                window_id,
-            } => {
-                if window_id == window.id() {
-                    // Pressing the 'M' key will minimize the window
-                    if input.virtual_keycode == Some(VirtualKeyCode::M) {
-                        window.set_minimized(true);
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-            _ => (),
-        }
-    });
-}

examples/monitor_list.rs

@@ -1,4 +1,8 @@
+#![allow(clippy::single_match)]
+
 use simple_logger::SimpleLogger;
+use winit::dpi::{PhysicalPosition, PhysicalSize};
+use winit::monitor::MonitorHandle;
 use winit::{event_loop::EventLoop, window::WindowBuilder};
 
 fn main() {
@@ -6,6 +10,49 @@ fn main() {
     let event_loop = EventLoop::new();
     let window = WindowBuilder::new().build(&event_loop).unwrap();
 
-    dbg!(window.available_monitors().collect::<Vec<_>>());
-    dbg!(window.primary_monitor());
+    if let Some(mon) = window.primary_monitor() {
+        print_info("Primary output", mon);
+    }
+
+    for mon in window.available_monitors() {
+        if Some(&mon) == window.primary_monitor().as_ref() {
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        println!();
+        print_info("Output", mon);
+    }
+}
+
+fn print_info(intro: &str, monitor: MonitorHandle) {
+    if let Some(name) = monitor.name() {
+        println!("{intro}: {name}");
+    } else {
+        println!("{intro}: [no name]");
+    }
+
+    let PhysicalSize { width, height } = monitor.size();
+    print!("  Current mode: {width}x{height}");
+    if let Some(m_hz) = monitor.refresh_rate_millihertz() {
+        println!(" @ {}.{} Hz", m_hz / 1000, m_hz % 1000);
+    } else {
+        println!();
+    }
+
+    let PhysicalPosition { x, y } = monitor.position();
+    println!("  Position: {x},{y}");
+
+    println!("  Scale factor: {}", monitor.scale_factor());
+
+    println!("  Available modes (width x height x bit-depth):");
+    for mode in monitor.video_modes() {
+        let PhysicalSize { width, height } = mode.size();
+        let bits = mode.bit_depth();
+        let m_hz = mode.refresh_rate_millihertz();
+        println!(
+            "    {width}x{height}x{bits} @ {}.{} Hz",
+            m_hz / 1000,
+            m_hz % 1000
+        );
+    }
 }

examples/mouse_wheel.rs

@@ -1,7 +1,9 @@
+#![allow(clippy::single_match)]
+
 use simple_logger::SimpleLogger;
 use winit::{
-    event::{DeviceEvent, Event, WindowEvent},
-    event_loop::{ControlFlow, EventLoop},
+    event::{Event, WindowEvent},
+    event_loop::EventLoop,
     window::WindowBuilder,
 };
 
@@ -14,29 +16,41 @@ fn main() {
         .build(&event_loop)
         .unwrap();
 
+    println!(
+        r"
+When using so called 'natural scrolling' (scrolling that acts like on a touch screen), this is what to expect:
+
+Moving your finger downwards on a scroll wheel should make the window move down, and you should see a positive Y scroll value.
+
+When moving fingers on a trackpad down and to the right, you should see positive X and Y deltas, and the window should move down and to the right.
+
+With reverse scrolling, you should see the inverse behavior.
+
+In both cases the example window should move like the content of a scroll area in any other application.
+
+In other words, the deltas indicate the direction in which to move the content (in this case the window)."
+    );
+
     event_loop.run(move |event, _, control_flow| {
-        *control_flow = ControlFlow::Wait;
+        control_flow.set_wait();
 
         match event {
             Event::WindowEvent { event, .. } => match event {
-                WindowEvent::CloseRequested => *control_flow = ControlFlow::Exit,
-                _ => (),
-            },
-            Event::DeviceEvent { event, .. } => match event {
-                DeviceEvent::MouseWheel { delta } => match delta {
+                WindowEvent::CloseRequested => control_flow.set_exit(),
+                WindowEvent::MouseWheel { delta, .. } => match delta {
                     winit::event::MouseScrollDelta::LineDelta(x, y) => {
-                        println!("mouse wheel Line Delta: ({},{})", x, y);
+                        println!("mouse wheel Line Delta: ({x},{y})");
                         let pixels_per_line = 120.0;
                         let mut pos = window.outer_position().unwrap();
-                        pos.x -= (x * pixels_per_line) as i32;
-                        pos.y -= (y * pixels_per_line) as i32;
+                        pos.x += (x * pixels_per_line) as i32;
+                        pos.y += (y * pixels_per_line) as i32;
                         window.set_outer_position(pos)
                     }
                     winit::event::MouseScrollDelta::PixelDelta(p) => {
                         println!("mouse wheel Pixel Delta: ({},{})", p.x, p.y);
                         let mut pos = window.outer_position().unwrap();
-                        pos.x -= p.x as i32;
-                        pos.y -= p.y as i32;
+                        pos.x += p.x as i32;
+                        pos.y += p.y as i32;
                         window.set_outer_position(pos)
                     }
                 },

examples/multithreaded.rs

@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
-#[cfg(not(target_arch = "wasm32"))]
+#![allow(clippy::single_match)]
+
+#[cfg(not(wasm_platform))]
 fn main() {
     use std::{collections::HashMap, sync::mpsc, thread, time::Duration};
 
@@ -6,8 +8,8 @@ fn main() {
     use winit::{
         dpi::{PhysicalPosition, PhysicalSize, Position, Size},
         event::{ElementState, Event, KeyboardInput, VirtualKeyCode, WindowEvent},
-        event_loop::{ControlFlow, EventLoop},
-        window::{CursorIcon, Fullscreen, WindowBuilder},
+        event_loop::EventLoop,
+        window::{CursorGrabMode, CursorIcon, Fullscreen, WindowBuilder, WindowLevel},
     };
 
     const WINDOW_COUNT: usize = 3;
@@ -34,10 +36,10 @@ fn main() {
                         // We need to update our chosen video mode if the window
                         // was moved to an another monitor, so that the window
                         // appears on this monitor instead when we go fullscreen
-                        let previous_video_mode = video_modes.iter().cloned().nth(video_mode_id);
+                        let previous_video_mode = video_modes.get(video_mode_id).cloned();
                         video_modes = window.current_monitor().unwrap().video_modes().collect();
                         video_mode_id = video_mode_id.min(video_modes.len());
-                        let video_mode = video_modes.iter().nth(video_mode_id);
+                        let video_mode = video_modes.get(video_mode_id);
 
                         // Different monitors may support different video modes,
                         // and the index we chose previously may now point to a
@@ -45,7 +47,7 @@ fn main() {
                         if video_mode != previous_video_mode.as_ref() {
                             println!(
                                 "Window moved to another monitor, picked video mode: {}",
-                                video_modes.iter().nth(video_mode_id).unwrap()
+                                video_modes.get(video_mode_id).unwrap()
                             );
                         }
                     }
@@ -60,11 +62,13 @@ fn main() {
                             },
                         ..
                     } => {
-                        window.set_title(&format!("{:?}", key));
+                        window.set_title(&format!("{key:?}"));
                         let state = !modifiers.shift();
                         use VirtualKeyCode::*;
                         match key {
-                            A => window.set_always_on_top(state),
+                            Key1 => window.set_window_level(WindowLevel::AlwaysOnTop),
+                            Key2 => window.set_window_level(WindowLevel::AlwaysOnBottom),
+                            Key3 => window.set_window_level(WindowLevel::Normal),
                             C => window.set_cursor_icon(match state {
                                 true => CursorIcon::Progress,
                                 false => CursorIcon::Default,
@@ -77,19 +81,30 @@ fn main() {
                                     Right => (video_modes.len() - 1).min(video_mode_id + 1),
                                     _ => unreachable!(),
                                 };
-                                println!(
-                                    "Picking video mode: {}",
-                                    video_modes.iter().nth(video_mode_id).unwrap()
-                                );
+                                println!("Picking video mode: {}", video_modes[video_mode_id]);
                             }
                             F => window.set_fullscreen(match (state, modifiers.alt()) {
                                 (true, false) => Some(Fullscreen::Borderless(None)),
-                                (true, true) => Some(Fullscreen::Exclusive(
-                                    video_modes.iter().nth(video_mode_id).unwrap().clone(),
-                                )),
+                                (true, true) => {
+                                    Some(Fullscreen::Exclusive(video_modes[video_mode_id].clone()))
+                                }
                                 (false, _) => None,
                             }),
-                            G => window.set_cursor_grab(state).unwrap(),
+                            L if state => {
+                                if let Err(err) = window.set_cursor_grab(CursorGrabMode::Locked) {
+                                    println!("error: {err}");
+                                }
+                            }
+                            G if state => {
+                                if let Err(err) = window.set_cursor_grab(CursorGrabMode::Confined) {
+                                    println!("error: {err}");
+                                }
+                            }
+                            G | L if !state => {
+                                if let Err(err) = window.set_cursor_grab(CursorGrabMode::None) {
+                                    println!("error: {err}");
+                                }
+                            }
                             H => window.set_cursor_visible(!state),
                             I => {
                                 println!("Info:");
@@ -146,9 +161,9 @@ fn main() {
         });
     }
     event_loop.run(move |event, _event_loop, control_flow| {
-        *control_flow = match !window_senders.is_empty() {
-            true => ControlFlow::Wait,
-            false => ControlFlow::Exit,
+        match !window_senders.is_empty() {
+            true => control_flow.set_wait(),
+            false => control_flow.set_exit(),
         };
         match event {
             Event::WindowEvent { event, window_id } => match event {
@@ -173,12 +188,12 @@ fn main() {
                     }
                 }
             },
-            _ => (),
+            _ => {}
         }
     })
 }
 
-#[cfg(target_arch = "wasm32")]
+#[cfg(wasm_platform)]
 fn main() {
     panic!("Example not supported on Wasm");
 }

examples/multiwindow.rs

@@ -1,9 +1,11 @@
+#![allow(clippy::single_match)]
+
 use std::collections::HashMap;
 
 use simple_logger::SimpleLogger;
 use winit::{
-    event::{ElementState, Event, KeyboardInput, WindowEvent},
-    event_loop::{ControlFlow, EventLoop},
+    event::{ElementState, Event, KeyboardInput, VirtualKeyCode, WindowEvent},
+    event_loop::EventLoop,
     window::Window,
 };
 
@@ -14,34 +16,40 @@ fn main() {
     let mut windows = HashMap::new();
     for _ in 0..3 {
         let window = Window::new(&event_loop).unwrap();
+        println!("Opened a new window: {:?}", window.id());
         windows.insert(window.id(), window);
     }
 
+    println!("Press N to open a new window.");
+
     event_loop.run(move |event, event_loop, control_flow| {
-        *control_flow = ControlFlow::Wait;
+        control_flow.set_wait();
 
         match event {
             Event::WindowEvent { event, window_id } => {
                 match event {
                     WindowEvent::CloseRequested => {
-                        println!("Window {:?} has received the signal to close", window_id);
+                        println!("Window {window_id:?} has received the signal to close");
 
                         // This drops the window, causing it to close.
                         windows.remove(&window_id);
 
                         if windows.is_empty() {
-                            *control_flow = ControlFlow::Exit;
+                            control_flow.set_exit();
                         }
                     }
                     WindowEvent::KeyboardInput {
                         input:
                             KeyboardInput {
                                 state: ElementState::Pressed,
+                                virtual_keycode: Some(VirtualKeyCode::N),
                                 ..
                             },
+                        is_synthetic: false,
                         ..
                     } => {
-                        let window = Window::new(&event_loop).unwrap();
+                        let window = Window::new(event_loop).unwrap();
+                        println!("Opened a new window: {:?}", window.id());
                         windows.insert(window.id(), window);
                     }
                     _ => (),

examples/request_redraw.rs

@@ -1,7 +1,9 @@
+#![allow(clippy::single_match)]
+
 use simple_logger::SimpleLogger;
 use winit::{
     event::{ElementState, Event, WindowEvent},
-    event_loop::{ControlFlow, EventLoop},
+    event_loop::EventLoop,
     window::WindowBuilder,
 };
 
@@ -15,13 +17,13 @@ fn main() {
         .unwrap();
 
     event_loop.run(move |event, _, control_flow| {
-        println!("{:?}", event);
+        println!("{event:?}");
 
-        *control_flow = ControlFlow::Wait;
+        control_flow.set_wait();
 
         match event {
             Event::WindowEvent { event, .. } => match event {
-                WindowEvent::CloseRequested => *control_flow = ControlFlow::Exit,
+                WindowEvent::CloseRequested => control_flow.set_exit(),
                 WindowEvent::MouseInput {
                     state: ElementState::Released,
                     ..

examples/request_redraw_threaded.rs

@@ -1,13 +1,16 @@
-use std::{thread, time};
-
-use simple_logger::SimpleLogger;
-use winit::{
-    event::{Event, WindowEvent},
-    event_loop::{ControlFlow, EventLoop},
-    window::WindowBuilder,
-};
+#![allow(clippy::single_match)]
 
+#[cfg(not(wasm_platform))]
 fn main() {
+    use std::{thread, time};
+
+    use simple_logger::SimpleLogger;
+    use winit::{
+        event::{Event, WindowEvent},
+        event_loop::EventLoop,
+        window::WindowBuilder,
+    };
+
     SimpleLogger::new().init().unwrap();
     let event_loop = EventLoop::new();
 
@@ -22,15 +25,15 @@ fn main() {
     });
 
     event_loop.run(move |event, _, control_flow| {
-        println!("{:?}", event);
+        println!("{event:?}");
 
-        *control_flow = ControlFlow::Wait;
+        control_flow.set_wait();
 
         match event {
-            Event::WindowEvent { event, .. } => match event {
-                WindowEvent::CloseRequested => *control_flow = ControlFlow::Exit,
-                _ => (),
-            },
+            Event::WindowEvent {
+                event: WindowEvent::CloseRequested,
+                ..
+            } => control_flow.set_exit(),
             Event::RedrawRequested(_) => {
                 println!("\nredrawing!\n");
             }
@@ -38,3 +41,8 @@ fn main() {
         }
     });
 }
+
+#[cfg(wasm_platform)]
+fn main() {
+    unimplemented!() // `Window` can't be sent between threads
+}

examples/resizable.rs

@@ -1,8 +1,10 @@
+#![allow(clippy::single_match)]
+
 use simple_logger::SimpleLogger;
 use winit::{
     dpi::LogicalSize,
     event::{ElementState, Event, KeyboardInput, VirtualKeyCode, WindowEvent},
-    event_loop::{ControlFlow, EventLoop},
+    event_loop::EventLoop,
     window::WindowBuilder,
 };
 
@@ -14,17 +16,19 @@ fn main() {
 
     let window = WindowBuilder::new()
         .with_title("Hit space to toggle resizability.")
-        .with_inner_size(LogicalSize::new(400.0, 200.0))
+        .with_inner_size(LogicalSize::new(600.0, 300.0))
+        .with_min_inner_size(LogicalSize::new(400.0, 200.0))
+        .with_max_inner_size(LogicalSize::new(800.0, 400.0))
         .with_resizable(resizable)
         .build(&event_loop)
         .unwrap();
 
     event_loop.run(move |event, _, control_flow| {
-        *control_flow = ControlFlow::Wait;
+        control_flow.set_wait();
 
         match event {
             Event::WindowEvent { event, .. } => match event {
-                WindowEvent::CloseRequested => *control_flow = ControlFlow::Exit,
+                WindowEvent::CloseRequested => control_flow.set_exit(),
                 WindowEvent::KeyboardInput {
                     input:
                         KeyboardInput {
@@ -35,7 +39,7 @@ fn main() {
                     ..
                 } => {
                     resizable = !resizable;
-                    println!("Resizable: {}", resizable);
+                    println!("Resizable: {resizable}");
                     window.set_resizable(resizable);
                 }
                 _ => (),

examples/set_ime_position.rs

@@ -1,54 +0,0 @@
-use simple_logger::SimpleLogger;
-use winit::{
-    dpi::PhysicalPosition,
-    event::{ElementState, Event, WindowEvent},
-    event_loop::{ControlFlow, EventLoop},
-    window::WindowBuilder,
-};
-
-fn main() {
-    SimpleLogger::new().init().unwrap();
-    let event_loop = EventLoop::new();
-
-    let window = WindowBuilder::new().build(&event_loop).unwrap();
-    window.set_title("A fantastic window!");
-
-    println!("Ime position will system default");
-    println!("Click to set ime position to cursor's");
-
-    let mut cursor_position = PhysicalPosition::new(0.0, 0.0);
-    event_loop.run(move |event, _, control_flow| {
-        *control_flow = ControlFlow::Wait;
-
-        match event {
-            Event::WindowEvent {
-                event: WindowEvent::CursorMoved { position, .. },
-                ..
-            } => {
-                cursor_position = position;
-            }
-            Event::WindowEvent {
-                event:
-                    WindowEvent::MouseInput {
-                        state: ElementState::Released,
-                        ..
-                    },
-                ..
-            } => {
-                println!(
-                    "Setting ime position to {}, {}",
-                    cursor_position.x, cursor_position.y
-                );
-                window.set_ime_position(cursor_position);
-            }
-            Event::WindowEvent {
-                event: WindowEvent::CloseRequested,
-                ..
-            } => {
-                *control_flow = ControlFlow::Exit;
-                return;
-            }
-            _ => (),
-        }
-    });
-}

examples/theme.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+#![allow(clippy::single_match)]
+
+use simple_logger::SimpleLogger;
+use winit::{
+    event::{ElementState, Event, KeyboardInput, VirtualKeyCode, WindowEvent},
+    event_loop::{ControlFlow, EventLoop},
+    window::{Theme, WindowBuilder},
+};
+
+fn main() {
+    SimpleLogger::new().init().unwrap();
+    let event_loop = EventLoop::new();
+
+    let window = WindowBuilder::new()
+        .with_title("A fantastic window!")
+        .with_theme(Some(Theme::Dark))
+        .build(&event_loop)
+        .unwrap();
+
+    println!("Initial theme: {:?}", window.theme());
+    println!("debugging keys:");
+    println!("  (A) Automatic theme");
+    println!("  (L) Light theme");
+    println!("  (D) Dark theme");
+
+    event_loop.run(move |event, _, control_flow| {
+        *control_flow = ControlFlow::Wait;
+
+        match event {
+            Event::WindowEvent {
+                event: WindowEvent::CloseRequested,
+                ..
+            } => *control_flow = ControlFlow::Exit,
+            Event::WindowEvent {
+                event: WindowEvent::ThemeChanged(theme),
+                window_id,
+                ..
+            } if window_id == window.id() => {
+                println!("Theme is changed: {theme:?}")
+            }
+            Event::WindowEvent {
+                event:
+                    WindowEvent::KeyboardInput {
+                        input:
+                            KeyboardInput {
+                                virtual_keycode: Some(key),
+                                state: ElementState::Pressed,
+                                ..
+                            },
+                        ..
+                    },
+                ..
+            } => match key {
+                VirtualKeyCode::A => {
+                    println!("Theme was: {:?}", window.theme());
+                    window.set_theme(None);
+                }
+                VirtualKeyCode::L => {
+                    println!("Theme was: {:?}", window.theme());
+                    window.set_theme(Some(Theme::Light));
+                }
+                VirtualKeyCode::D => {
+                    println!("Theme was: {:?}", window.theme());
+                    window.set_theme(Some(Theme::Dark));
+                }
+                _ => (),
+            },
+            _ => (),
+        }
+    });
+}

examples/timer.rs

@@ -1,10 +1,12 @@
+#![allow(clippy::single_match)]
+
 use instant::Instant;
 use std::time::Duration;
 
 use simple_logger::SimpleLogger;
 use winit::{
     event::{Event, StartCause, WindowEvent},
-    event_loop::{ControlFlow, EventLoop},
+    event_loop::EventLoop,
     window::WindowBuilder,
 };
 
@@ -20,20 +22,20 @@ fn main() {
     let timer_length = Duration::new(1, 0);
 
     event_loop.run(move |event, _, control_flow| {
-        println!("{:?}", event);
+        println!("{event:?}");
 
         match event {
             Event::NewEvents(StartCause::Init) => {
-                *control_flow = ControlFlow::WaitUntil(Instant::now() + timer_length)
+                control_flow.set_wait_until(Instant::now() + timer_length);
             }
             Event::NewEvents(StartCause::ResumeTimeReached { .. }) => {
-                *control_flow = ControlFlow::WaitUntil(Instant::now() + timer_length);
+                control_flow.set_wait_until(Instant::now() + timer_length);
                 println!("\nTimer\n");
             }
             Event::WindowEvent {
                 event: WindowEvent::CloseRequested,
                 ..
-            } => *control_flow = ControlFlow::Exit,
+            } => control_flow.set_exit(),
             _ => (),
         }
     });

examples/touchpad_gestures.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+use simple_logger::SimpleLogger;
+use winit::{
+    event::{Event, WindowEvent},
+    event_loop::{ControlFlow, EventLoop},
+    window::WindowBuilder,
+};
+
+fn main() {
+    SimpleLogger::new().init().unwrap();
+    let event_loop = EventLoop::new();
+
+    let _window = WindowBuilder::new()
+        .with_title("Touchpad gestures")
+        .build(&event_loop)
+        .unwrap();
+
+    println!("Only supported on macOS at the moment.");
+
+    event_loop.run(move |event, _, control_flow| {
+        *control_flow = ControlFlow::Wait;
+
+        if let Event::WindowEvent { event, .. } = event {
+            match event {
+                WindowEvent::CloseRequested => *control_flow = ControlFlow::Exit,
+                WindowEvent::TouchpadMagnify { delta, .. } => {
+                    if delta > 0.0 {
+                        println!("Zoomed in {delta}");
+                    } else {
+                        println!("Zoomed out {delta}");
+                    }
+                }
+                WindowEvent::SmartMagnify { .. } => {
+                    println!("Smart zoom");
+                }
+                WindowEvent::TouchpadRotate { delta, .. } => {
+                    if delta > 0.0 {
+                        println!("Rotated counterclockwise {delta}");
+                    } else {
+                        println!("Rotated clockwise {delta}");
+                    }
+                }
+                _ => (),
+            }
+        }
+    });
+}

examples/transparent.rs

@@ -1,7 +1,9 @@
+#![allow(clippy::single_match)]
+
 use simple_logger::SimpleLogger;
 use winit::{
     event::{Event, WindowEvent},
-    event_loop::{ControlFlow, EventLoop},
+    event_loop::EventLoop,
     window::WindowBuilder,
 };
 
@@ -18,14 +20,14 @@ fn main() {
     window.set_title("A fantastic window!");
 
     event_loop.run(move |event, _, control_flow| {
-        *control_flow = ControlFlow::Wait;
-        println!("{:?}", event);
+        control_flow.set_wait();
+        println!("{event:?}");
 
         match event {
             Event::WindowEvent {
                 event: WindowEvent::CloseRequested,
                 ..
-            } => *control_flow = ControlFlow::Exit,
+            } => control_flow.set_exit(),
             _ => (),
         }
     });

examples/video_modes.rs

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+#![allow(clippy::single_match)]
+
 use simple_logger::SimpleLogger;
 use winit::event_loop::EventLoop;
 
@@ -15,6 +17,6 @@ fn main() {
     println!("Listing available video modes:");
 
     for mode in monitor.video_modes() {
-        println!("{}", mode);
+        println!("{mode}");
     }
 }

examples/web.rs

@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
+#![allow(clippy::single_match)]
+
 use winit::{
     event::{Event, WindowEvent},
-    event_loop::{ControlFlow, EventLoop},
+    event_loop::EventLoop,
     window::WindowBuilder,
 };
 
@@ -12,47 +14,20 @@ pub fn main() {
         .build(&event_loop)
         .unwrap();
 
-    #[cfg(feature = "web-sys")]
-    {
-        use winit::platform::web::WindowExtWebSys;
-
-        let canvas = window.canvas();
-
-        let window = web_sys::window().unwrap();
-        let document = window.document().unwrap();
-        let body = document.body().unwrap();
-
-        body.append_child(&canvas)
-            .expect("Append canvas to HTML body");
-    }
-
-    #[cfg(feature = "stdweb")]
-    {
-        use std_web::web::INode;
-        use winit::platform::web::WindowExtStdweb;
-
-        let canvas = window.canvas();
-
-        let document = std_web::web::document();
-        let body: std_web::web::Node = document.body().expect("Get HTML body").into();
-
-        body.append_child(&canvas);
-    }
+    #[cfg(wasm_platform)]
+    let log_list = wasm::insert_canvas_and_create_log_list(&window);
 
     event_loop.run(move |event, _, control_flow| {
-        *control_flow = ControlFlow::Wait;
+        control_flow.set_wait();
 
-        #[cfg(feature = "web-sys")]
-        log::debug!("{:?}", event);
-
-        #[cfg(feature = "stdweb")]
-        std_web::console!(log, "%s", format!("{:?}", event));
+        #[cfg(wasm_platform)]
+        wasm::log_event(&log_list, &event);
 
         match event {
             Event::WindowEvent {
                 event: WindowEvent::CloseRequested,
                 window_id,
-            } if window_id == window.id() => *control_flow = ControlFlow::Exit,
+            } if window_id == window.id() => control_flow.set_exit(),
             Event::MainEventsCleared => {
                 window.request_redraw();
             }
@@ -61,14 +36,55 @@ pub fn main() {
     });
 }
 
-#[cfg(feature = "web-sys")]
+#[cfg(wasm_platform)]
 mod wasm {
     use wasm_bindgen::prelude::*;
+    use winit::{event::Event, window::Window};
 
     #[wasm_bindgen(start)]
     pub fn run() {
-        console_log::init_with_level(log::Level::Debug);
+        console_log::init_with_level(log::Level::Debug).expect("error initializing logger");
 
+        #[allow(clippy::main_recursion)]
         super::main();
     }
+
+    pub fn insert_canvas_and_create_log_list(window: &Window) -> web_sys::Element {
+        use winit::platform::web::WindowExtWebSys;
+
+        let canvas = window.canvas();
+
+        let window = web_sys::window().unwrap();
+        let document = window.document().unwrap();
+        let body = document.body().unwrap();
+
+        // Set a background color for the canvas to make it easier to tell where the canvas is for debugging purposes.
+        canvas.style().set_css_text("background-color: crimson;");
+        body.append_child(&canvas).unwrap();
+
+        let log_header = document.create_element("h2").unwrap();
+        log_header.set_text_content(Some("Event Log"));
+        body.append_child(&log_header).unwrap();
+
+        let log_list = document.create_element("ul").unwrap();
+        body.append_child(&log_list).unwrap();
+        log_list
+    }
+
+    pub fn log_event(log_list: &web_sys::Element, event: &Event<()>) {
+        log::debug!("{:?}", event);
+
+        // Getting access to browser logs requires a lot of setup on mobile devices.
+        // So we implement this basic logging system into the page to give developers an easy alternative.
+        // As a bonus its also kind of handy on desktop.
+        if let Event::WindowEvent { event, .. } = &event {
+            let window = web_sys::window().unwrap();
+            let document = window.document().unwrap();
+            let log = document.create_element("li").unwrap();
+            log.set_text_content(Some(&format!("{event:?}")));
+            log_list
+                .insert_before(&log, log_list.first_child().as_ref())
+                .unwrap();
+        }
+    }
 }

examples/web_aspect_ratio.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,103 @@
+pub fn main() {
+    println!("This example must be run with cargo run-wasm --example web_aspect_ratio")
+}
+
+#[cfg(wasm_platform)]
+mod wasm {
+    use wasm_bindgen::prelude::*;
+    use wasm_bindgen::JsCast;
+    use web_sys::HtmlCanvasElement;
+    use winit::{
+        dpi::PhysicalSize,
+        event::{Event, WindowEvent},
+        event_loop::{ControlFlow, EventLoop},
+        window::{Window, WindowBuilder},
+    };
+
+    const EXPLANATION: &str = "
+This example draws a circle in the middle of a 4/1 aspect ratio canvas which acts as a useful demonstration of winit's resize handling on web.
+Even when the browser window is resized or aspect-ratio of the canvas changed the circle should always:
+* Fill the entire width or height of the canvas (whichever is smaller) without exceeding it.
+* Be perfectly round
+* Not be blurry or pixelated (there is no antialiasing so you may still see jagged edges depending on the DPI of your monitor)
+
+Currently winit does not handle resizes on web so the circle is rendered incorrectly.
+This example demonstrates the desired future functionality which will possibly be provided by https://github.com/rust-windowing/winit/pull/2074
+";
+
+    #[wasm_bindgen(start)]
+    pub fn run() {
+        console_log::init_with_level(log::Level::Debug).expect("error initializing logger");
+        let event_loop = EventLoop::new();
+
+        let window = WindowBuilder::new()
+            .with_title("A fantastic window!")
+            // When running in a non-wasm environment this would set the window size to 100x100.
+            // However in this example it just sets a default initial size of 100x100 that is immediately overwritten due to the layout + styling of the page.
+            .with_inner_size(PhysicalSize::new(100, 100))
+            .build(&event_loop)
+            .unwrap();
+
+        let canvas = create_canvas(&window);
+
+        // Render once with the size info we currently have
+        render_circle(&canvas, window.inner_size());
+
+        event_loop.run(move |event, _, control_flow| {
+            *control_flow = ControlFlow::Wait;
+
+            match event {
+                Event::WindowEvent {
+                    event: WindowEvent::Resized(resize),
+                    window_id,
+                } if window_id == window.id() => {
+                    render_circle(&canvas, resize);
+                }
+                _ => (),
+            }
+        });
+    }
+
+    pub fn create_canvas(window: &Window) -> HtmlCanvasElement {
+        use winit::platform::web::WindowExtWebSys;
+
+        let web_window = web_sys::window().unwrap();
+        let document = web_window.document().unwrap();
+        let body = document.body().unwrap();
+
+        // Set a background color for the canvas to make it easier to tell the where the canvas is for debugging purposes.
+        let canvas = window.canvas();
+        canvas
+            .style()
+            .set_css_text("display: block; background-color: crimson; margin: auto; width: 50%; aspect-ratio: 4 / 1;");
+        body.append_child(&canvas).unwrap();
+
+        let explanation = document.create_element("pre").unwrap();
+        explanation.set_text_content(Some(EXPLANATION));
+        body.append_child(&explanation).unwrap();
+
+        canvas
+    }
+
+    pub fn render_circle(canvas: &HtmlCanvasElement, size: PhysicalSize<u32>) {
+        log::info!("rendering circle with canvas size: {:?}", size);
+        let context = canvas
+            .get_context("2d")
+            .unwrap()
+            .unwrap()
+            .dyn_into::<web_sys::CanvasRenderingContext2d>()
+            .unwrap();
+
+        context.begin_path();
+        context
+            .arc(
+                size.width as f64 / 2.0,
+                size.height as f64 / 2.0,
+                size.width.min(size.height) as f64 / 2.0,
+                0.0,
+                std::f64::consts::PI * 2.0,
+            )
+            .unwrap();
+        context.fill();
+    }
+}

examples/window.rs

@@ -1,7 +1,9 @@
+#![allow(clippy::single_match)]
+
 use simple_logger::SimpleLogger;
 use winit::{
     event::{Event, WindowEvent},
-    event_loop::{ControlFlow, EventLoop},
+    event_loop::EventLoop,
     window::WindowBuilder,
 };
 
@@ -16,14 +18,14 @@ fn main() {
         .unwrap();
 
     event_loop.run(move |event, _, control_flow| {
-        *control_flow = ControlFlow::Wait;
-        println!("{:?}", event);
+        control_flow.set_wait();
+        println!("{event:?}");
 
         match event {
             Event::WindowEvent {
                 event: WindowEvent::CloseRequested,
                 window_id,
-            } if window_id == window.id() => *control_flow = ControlFlow::Exit,
+            } if window_id == window.id() => control_flow.set_exit(),
             Event::MainEventsCleared => {
                 window.request_redraw();
             }

examples/window_buttons.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+#![allow(clippy::single_match)]
+
+// This example is used by developers to test various window functions.
+
+use simple_logger::SimpleLogger;
+use winit::{
+    dpi::LogicalSize,
+    event::{ElementState, Event, KeyboardInput, VirtualKeyCode, WindowEvent},
+    event_loop::{DeviceEventFilter, EventLoop},
+    window::{WindowBuilder, WindowButtons},
+};
+
+fn main() {
+    SimpleLogger::new().init().unwrap();
+    let event_loop = EventLoop::new();
+
+    let window = WindowBuilder::new()
+        .with_title("A fantastic window!")
+        .with_inner_size(LogicalSize::new(300.0, 300.0))
+        .build(&event_loop)
+        .unwrap();
+
+    eprintln!("Window Button keys:");
+    eprintln!("  (F) Toggle close button");
+    eprintln!("  (G) Toggle maximize button");
+    eprintln!("  (H) Toggle minimize button");
+
+    event_loop.set_device_event_filter(DeviceEventFilter::Never);
+
+    event_loop.run(move |event, _, control_flow| {
+        control_flow.set_wait();
+
+        match event {
+            Event::WindowEvent {
+                event:
+                    WindowEvent::KeyboardInput {
+                        input:
+                            KeyboardInput {
+                                virtual_keycode: Some(key),
+                                state: ElementState::Pressed,
+                                ..
+                            },
+                        ..
+                    },
+                ..
+            } => match key {
+                VirtualKeyCode::F => {
+                    let buttons = window.enabled_buttons();
+                    window.set_enabled_buttons(buttons ^ WindowButtons::CLOSE);
+                }
+                VirtualKeyCode::G => {
+                    let buttons = window.enabled_buttons();
+                    window.set_enabled_buttons(buttons ^ WindowButtons::MAXIMIZE);
+                }
+                VirtualKeyCode::H => {
+                    let buttons = window.enabled_buttons();
+                    window.set_enabled_buttons(buttons ^ WindowButtons::MINIMIZE);
+                }
+                _ => (),
+            },
+            Event::WindowEvent {
+                event: WindowEvent::CloseRequested,
+                window_id,
+            } if window_id == window.id() => control_flow.set_exit(),
+            _ => (),
+        }
+    });
+}

examples/window_debug.rs

@@ -1,10 +1,12 @@
+#![allow(clippy::single_match)]
+
 // This example is used by developers to test various window functions.
 
 use simple_logger::SimpleLogger;
 use winit::{
     dpi::{LogicalSize, PhysicalSize},
     event::{DeviceEvent, ElementState, Event, KeyboardInput, VirtualKeyCode, WindowEvent},
-    event_loop::{ControlFlow, EventLoop},
+    event_loop::{DeviceEventFilter, EventLoop},
     window::{Fullscreen, WindowBuilder},
 };
 
@@ -30,8 +32,10 @@ fn main() {
     let mut minimized = false;
     let mut visible = true;
 
+    event_loop.set_device_event_filter(DeviceEventFilter::Never);
+
     event_loop.run(move |event, _, control_flow| {
-        *control_flow = ControlFlow::Wait;
+        control_flow.set_wait();
 
         match event {
             Event::DeviceEvent {
@@ -47,6 +51,7 @@ fn main() {
                     if minimized {
                         minimized = !minimized;
                         window.set_minimized(minimized);
+                        window.focus_window();
                     }
                 }
                 VirtualKeyCode::V => {
@@ -58,67 +63,69 @@ fn main() {
                 _ => (),
             },
             Event::WindowEvent {
-                event: WindowEvent::KeyboardInput { input, .. },
+                event:
+                    WindowEvent::KeyboardInput {
+                        input:
+                            KeyboardInput {
+                                virtual_keycode: Some(key),
+                                state: ElementState::Pressed,
+                                ..
+                            },
+                        ..
+                    },
                 ..
-            } => match input {
-                KeyboardInput {
-                    virtual_keycode: Some(key),
-                    state: ElementState::Pressed,
-                    ..
-                } => match key {
-                    VirtualKeyCode::E => {
-                        fn area(size: PhysicalSize<u32>) -> u32 {
-                            size.width * size.height
-                        }
+            } => match key {
+                VirtualKeyCode::E => {
+                    fn area(size: PhysicalSize<u32>) -> u32 {
+                        size.width * size.height
+                    }
 
-                        let monitor = window.current_monitor().unwrap();
-                        if let Some(mode) = monitor
-                            .video_modes()
-                            .max_by(|a, b| area(a.size()).cmp(&area(b.size())))
-                        {
-                            window.set_fullscreen(Some(Fullscreen::Exclusive(mode)));
-                        } else {
-                            eprintln!("no video modes available");
-                        }
+                    let monitor = window.current_monitor().unwrap();
+                    if let Some(mode) = monitor
+                        .video_modes()
+                        .max_by(|a, b| area(a.size()).cmp(&area(b.size())))
+                    {
+                        window.set_fullscreen(Some(Fullscreen::Exclusive(mode)));
+                    } else {
+                        eprintln!("no video modes available");
                     }
-                    VirtualKeyCode::F => {
-                        if window.fullscreen().is_some() {
-                            window.set_fullscreen(None);
-                        } else {
-                            let monitor = window.current_monitor();
-                            window.set_fullscreen(Some(Fullscreen::Borderless(monitor)));
-                        }
+                }
+                VirtualKeyCode::F => {
+                    if window.fullscreen().is_some() {
+                        window.set_fullscreen(None);
+                    } else {
+                        let monitor = window.current_monitor();
+                        window.set_fullscreen(Some(Fullscreen::Borderless(monitor)));
                     }
-                    VirtualKeyCode::P => {
-                        if window.fullscreen().is_some() {
-                            window.set_fullscreen(None);
-                        } else {
-                            window.set_fullscreen(Some(Fullscreen::Borderless(None)));
-                        }
+                }
+                VirtualKeyCode::P => {
+                    if window.fullscreen().is_some() {
+                        window.set_fullscreen(None);
+                    } else {
+                        window.set_fullscreen(Some(Fullscreen::Borderless(None)));
                     }
-                    VirtualKeyCode::M => {
-                        minimized = !minimized;
-                        window.set_minimized(minimized);
-                    }
-                    VirtualKeyCode::Q => {
-                        *control_flow = ControlFlow::Exit;
-                    }
-                    VirtualKeyCode::V => {
-                        visible = !visible;
-                        window.set_visible(visible);
-                    }
-                    VirtualKeyCode::X => {
-                        let is_maximized = window.is_maximized();
-                        window.set_maximized(!is_maximized);
-                    }
-                    _ => (),
-                },
+                }
+                VirtualKeyCode::M => {
+                    minimized = !minimized;
+                    window.set_minimized(minimized);
+                }
+                VirtualKeyCode::Q => {
+                    control_flow.set_exit();
+                }
+                VirtualKeyCode::V => {
+                    visible = !visible;
+                    window.set_visible(visible);
+                }
+                VirtualKeyCode::X => {
+                    let is_maximized = window.is_maximized();
+                    window.set_maximized(!is_maximized);
+                }
                 _ => (),
             },
             Event::WindowEvent {
                 event: WindowEvent::CloseRequested,
                 window_id,
-            } if window_id == window.id() => *control_flow = ControlFlow::Exit,
+            } if window_id == window.id() => control_flow.set_exit(),
             _ => (),
         }
     });

examples/window_drag_resize.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,141 @@
+//! Demonstrates capability to create in-app draggable regions for client-side decoration support.
+
+use simple_logger::SimpleLogger;
+use winit::{
+    event::{
+        ElementState, Event, KeyboardInput, MouseButton, StartCause, VirtualKeyCode, WindowEvent,
+    },
+    event_loop::{ControlFlow, EventLoop},
+    window::{CursorIcon, ResizeDirection, WindowBuilder},
+};
+
+const BORDER: f64 = 8.0;
+
+fn main() {
+    SimpleLogger::new().init().unwrap();
+    let event_loop = EventLoop::new();
+
+    let window = WindowBuilder::new()
+        .with_inner_size(winit::dpi::LogicalSize::new(600.0, 400.0))
+        .with_min_inner_size(winit::dpi::LogicalSize::new(400.0, 200.0))
+        .with_decorations(false)
+        .build(&event_loop)
+        .unwrap();
+
+    let mut border = false;
+    let mut cursor_location = None;
+
+    event_loop.run(move |event, _, control_flow| match event {
+        Event::NewEvents(StartCause::Init) => {
+            eprintln!("Press 'B' to toggle borderless")
+        }
+        Event::WindowEvent { event, .. } => match event {
+            WindowEvent::CloseRequested => *control_flow = ControlFlow::Exit,
+            WindowEvent::CursorMoved { position, .. } => {
+                if !window.is_decorated() {
+                    let new_location =
+                        cursor_resize_direction(window.inner_size(), position, BORDER);
+
+                    if new_location != cursor_location {
+                        cursor_location = new_location;
+                        window.set_cursor_icon(cursor_direction_icon(cursor_location))
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            WindowEvent::MouseInput {
+                state: ElementState::Pressed,
+                button: MouseButton::Left,
+                ..
+            } => {
+                if let Some(dir) = cursor_location {
+                    let _res = window.drag_resize_window(dir);
+                }
+            }
+            WindowEvent::KeyboardInput {
+                input:
+                    KeyboardInput {
+                        state: ElementState::Released,
+                        virtual_keycode: Some(VirtualKeyCode::B),
+                        ..
+                    },
+                ..
+            } => {
+                border = !border;
+                window.set_decorations(border);
+            }
+            _ => (),
+        },
+        _ => (),
+    });
+}
+
+fn cursor_direction_icon(resize_direction: Option<ResizeDirection>) -> CursorIcon {
+    match resize_direction {
+        Some(resize_direction) => match resize_direction {
+            ResizeDirection::East => CursorIcon::EResize,
+            ResizeDirection::North => CursorIcon::NResize,
+            ResizeDirection::NorthEast => CursorIcon::NeResize,
+            ResizeDirection::NorthWest => CursorIcon::NwResize,
+            ResizeDirection::South => CursorIcon::SResize,
+            ResizeDirection::SouthEast => CursorIcon::SeResize,
+            ResizeDirection::SouthWest => CursorIcon::SwResize,
+            ResizeDirection::West => CursorIcon::WResize,
+        },
+        None => CursorIcon::Default,
+    }
+}
+
+fn cursor_resize_direction(
+    win_size: winit::dpi::PhysicalSize<u32>,
+    position: winit::dpi::PhysicalPosition<f64>,
+    border_size: f64,
+) -> Option<ResizeDirection> {
+    enum XDirection {
+        West,
+        East,
+        Default,
+    }
+
+    enum YDirection {
+        North,
+        South,
+        Default,
+    }
+
+    let xdir = if position.x < border_size {
+        XDirection::West
+    } else if position.x > (win_size.width as f64 - border_size) {
+        XDirection::East
+    } else {
+        XDirection::Default
+    };
+
+    let ydir = if position.y < border_size {
+        YDirection::North
+    } else if position.y > (win_size.height as f64 - border_size) {
+        YDirection::South
+    } else {
+        YDirection::Default
+    };
+
+    Some(match xdir {
+        XDirection::West => match ydir {
+            YDirection::North => ResizeDirection::NorthWest,
+            YDirection::South => ResizeDirection::SouthWest,
+            YDirection::Default => ResizeDirection::West,
+        },
+
+        XDirection::East => match ydir {
+            YDirection::North => ResizeDirection::NorthEast,
+            YDirection::South => ResizeDirection::SouthEast,
+            YDirection::Default => ResizeDirection::East,
+        },
+
+        XDirection::Default => match ydir {
+            YDirection::North => ResizeDirection::North,
+            YDirection::South => ResizeDirection::South,
+            YDirection::Default => return None,
+        },
+    })
+}

examples/window_icon.rs

@@ -1,10 +1,11 @@
-extern crate image;
+#![allow(clippy::single_match)]
+
 use std::path::Path;
 
 use simple_logger::SimpleLogger;
 use winit::{
     event::Event,
-    event_loop::{ControlFlow, EventLoop},
+    event_loop::EventLoop,
     window::{Icon, WindowBuilder},
 };
 
@@ -30,12 +31,12 @@ fn main() {
         .unwrap();
 
     event_loop.run(move |event, _, control_flow| {
-        *control_flow = ControlFlow::Wait;
+        control_flow.set_wait();
 
         if let Event::WindowEvent { event, .. } = event {
             use winit::event::WindowEvent::*;
             match event {
-                CloseRequested => *control_flow = ControlFlow::Exit,
+                CloseRequested => control_flow.set_exit(),
                 DroppedFile(path) => {
                     window.set_window_icon(Some(load_icon(&path)));
                 }

examples/window_option_as_alt.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+#![allow(clippy::single_match)]
+
+#[cfg(target_os = "macos")]
+use winit::platform::macos::{OptionAsAlt, WindowExtMacOS};
+
+#[cfg(target_os = "macos")]
+use winit::{
+    event::ElementState,
+    event::{Event, MouseButton, WindowEvent},
+    event_loop::EventLoop,
+    window::WindowBuilder,
+};
+
+/// Prints the keyboard events characters received when option_is_alt is true versus false.
+/// A left mouse click will toggle option_is_alt.
+#[cfg(target_os = "macos")]
+fn main() {
+    let event_loop = EventLoop::new();
+
+    let window = WindowBuilder::new()
+        .with_title("A fantastic window!")
+        .with_inner_size(winit::dpi::LogicalSize::new(128.0, 128.0))
+        .build(&event_loop)
+        .unwrap();
+
+    let mut option_as_alt = window.option_as_alt();
+
+    event_loop.run(move |event, _, control_flow| {
+        control_flow.set_wait();
+
+        match event {
+            Event::WindowEvent {
+                event: WindowEvent::CloseRequested,
+                window_id,
+            } if window_id == window.id() => control_flow.set_exit(),
+            Event::WindowEvent { event, .. } => match event {
+                WindowEvent::MouseInput {
+                    state: ElementState::Pressed,
+                    button: MouseButton::Left,
+                    ..
+                } => {
+                    option_as_alt = match option_as_alt {
+                        OptionAsAlt::None => OptionAsAlt::OnlyLeft,
+                        OptionAsAlt::OnlyLeft => OptionAsAlt::OnlyRight,
+                        OptionAsAlt::OnlyRight => OptionAsAlt::Both,
+                        OptionAsAlt::Both => OptionAsAlt::None,
+                    };
+
+                    println!("Received Mouse click, toggling option_as_alt to: {option_as_alt:?}");
+                    window.set_option_as_alt(option_as_alt);
+                }
+                WindowEvent::ReceivedCharacter(c) => println!("ReceivedCharacter: {c:?}"),
+                WindowEvent::KeyboardInput { .. } => println!("KeyboardInput: {event:?}"),
+                _ => (),
+            },
+            Event::MainEventsCleared => {
+                window.request_redraw();
+            }
+            _ => (),
+        }
+    });
+}
+
+#[cfg(not(target_os = "macos"))]
+fn main() {
+    println!("This example is only supported on MacOS");
+}

examples/window_resize_increments.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+use log::debug;
+use simple_logger::SimpleLogger;
+use winit::{
+    dpi::LogicalSize,
+    event::{ElementState, Event, KeyboardInput, VirtualKeyCode, WindowEvent},
+    event_loop::EventLoop,
+    window::WindowBuilder,
+};
+
+fn main() {
+    SimpleLogger::new().init().unwrap();
+    let event_loop = EventLoop::new();
+
+    let window = WindowBuilder::new()
+        .with_title("A fantastic window!")
+        .with_inner_size(LogicalSize::new(128.0, 128.0))
+        .with_resize_increments(LogicalSize::new(25.0, 25.0))
+        .build(&event_loop)
+        .unwrap();
+
+    let mut has_increments = true;
+
+    event_loop.run(move |event, _, control_flow| {
+        control_flow.set_wait();
+
+        match event {
+            Event::WindowEvent {
+                event: WindowEvent::CloseRequested,
+                window_id,
+            } if window_id == window.id() => control_flow.set_exit(),
+            Event::WindowEvent {
+                event:
+                    WindowEvent::KeyboardInput {
+                        input:
+                            KeyboardInput {
+                                virtual_keycode: Some(VirtualKeyCode::Space),
+                                state: ElementState::Released,
+                                ..
+                            },
+                        ..
+                    },
+                window_id,
+            } if window_id == window.id() => {
+                has_increments = !has_increments;
+
+                let new_increments = match window.resize_increments() {
+                    Some(_) => None,
+                    None => Some(LogicalSize::new(25.0, 25.0)),
+                };
+                debug!("Had increments: {}", new_increments.is_none());
+                window.set_resize_increments(new_increments);
+            }
+            Event::MainEventsCleared => window.request_redraw(),
+            _ => (),
+        }
+    });
+}

examples/window_run_return.rs

@@ -1,12 +1,13 @@
+#![allow(clippy::single_match)]
+
 // Limit this example to only compatible platforms.
 #[cfg(any(
-    target_os = "windows",
-    target_os = "macos",
-    target_os = "linux",
-    target_os = "dragonfly",
-    target_os = "freebsd",
-    target_os = "netbsd",
-    target_os = "openbsd"
+    windows_platform,
+    macos_platform,
+    x11_platform,
+    wayland_platform,
+    android_platform,
+    orbital_platform,
 ))]
 fn main() {
     use std::{thread::sleep, time::Duration};
@@ -14,7 +15,7 @@ fn main() {
     use simple_logger::SimpleLogger;
     use winit::{
         event::{Event, WindowEvent},
-        event_loop::{ControlFlow, EventLoop},
+        event_loop::EventLoop,
         platform::run_return::EventLoopExtRunReturn,
         window::WindowBuilder,
     };
@@ -30,11 +31,11 @@ fn main() {
 
     while !quit {
         event_loop.run_return(|event, _, control_flow| {
-            *control_flow = ControlFlow::Wait;
+            control_flow.set_wait();
 
             if let Event::WindowEvent { event, .. } = &event {
                 // Print only Window events to reduce noise
-                println!("{:?}", event);
+                println!("{event:?}");
             }
 
             match event {
@@ -45,7 +46,7 @@ fn main() {
                     quit = true;
                 }
                 Event::MainEventsCleared => {
-                    *control_flow = ControlFlow::Exit;
+                    control_flow.set_exit();
                 }
                 _ => (),
             }
@@ -57,7 +58,7 @@ fn main() {
     }
 }
 
-#[cfg(any(target_os = "ios", target_os = "android", target_arch = "wasm32"))]
+#[cfg(any(ios_platform, wasm_platform))]
 fn main() {
     println!("This platform doesn't support run_return.");
 }

run-wasm/Cargo.toml

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+[package]
+name = "run-wasm"
+version = "0.1.0"
+edition = "2021"
+
+# See more keys and their definitions at https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/manifest.html
+
+[dependencies]
+cargo-run-wasm = "0.2.0"

run-wasm/src/main.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+fn main() {
+    cargo_run_wasm::run_wasm_with_css("body { margin: 0px; }");
+}

src/dpi.rs

@@ -35,8 +35,9 @@
 //!
 //! ### Position and Size types
 //!
-//! Winit's `Physical(Position|Size)` types correspond with the actual pixels on the device, and the
-//! `Logical(Position|Size)` types correspond to the physical pixels divided by the scale factor.
+//! Winit's [`PhysicalPosition`] / [`PhysicalSize`] types correspond with the actual pixels on the
+//! device, and the [`LogicalPosition`] / [`LogicalSize`] types correspond to the physical pixels
+//! divided by the scale factor.
 //! All of Winit's functions return physical types, but can take either logical or physical
 //! coordinates as input, allowing you to use the most convenient coordinate system for your
 //! particular application.
@@ -46,19 +47,18 @@
 //! floating precision when necessary (e.g. logical sizes for fractional scale factors and touch
 //! input). If `P` is a floating-point type, please do not cast the values with `as {int}`. Doing so
 //! will truncate the fractional part of the float, rather than properly round to the nearest
-//! integer. Use the provided `cast` function or `From`/`Into` conversions, which handle the
+//! integer. Use the provided `cast` function or [`From`]/[`Into`] conversions, which handle the
 //! rounding properly. Note that precision loss will still occur when rounding from a float to an
 //! int, although rounding lessens the problem.
 //!
 //! ### Events
 //!
-//! Winit will dispatch a [`ScaleFactorChanged`](crate::event::WindowEvent::ScaleFactorChanged)
-//! event whenever a window's scale factor has changed. This can happen if the user drags their
-//! window from a standard-resolution monitor to a high-DPI monitor, or if the user changes their
-//! DPI settings. This gives you a chance to rescale your application's UI elements and adjust how
-//! the platform changes the window's size to reflect the new scale factor. If a window hasn't
-//! received a [`ScaleFactorChanged`](crate::event::WindowEvent::ScaleFactorChanged) event,
-//! then its scale factor is `1.0`.
+//! Winit will dispatch a [`ScaleFactorChanged`] event whenever a window's scale factor has changed.
+//! This can happen if the user drags their window from a standard-resolution monitor to a high-DPI
+//! monitor, or if the user changes their DPI settings. This gives you a chance to rescale your
+//! application's UI elements and adjust how the platform changes the window's size to reflect the new
+//! scale factor. If a window hasn't received a [`ScaleFactorChanged`] event,  then its scale factor
+//! can be found by calling [`window.scale_factor()`].
 //!
 //! ## How is the scale factor calculated?
 //!
@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@
 //!   currently uses a three-pronged approach:
 //!   + Use the value in the `WINIT_X11_SCALE_FACTOR` environment variable, if present.
 //!   + If not present, use the value set in `Xft.dpi` in Xresources.
-//!   + Otherwise, calcuate the scale factor based on the millimeter monitor dimensions provided by XRandR.
+//!   + Otherwise, calculate the scale factor based on the millimeter monitor dimensions provided by XRandR.
 //!
 //!   If `WINIT_X11_SCALE_FACTOR` is set to `randr`, it'll ignore the `Xft.dpi` field and use the
 //!   XRandR scaling method. Generally speaking, you should try to configure the standard system
@@ -93,8 +93,11 @@
 //!   In other words, it is the value of [`window.devicePixelRatio`][web_1]. It is affected by
 //!   both the screen scaling and the browser zoom level and can go below `1.0`.
 //!
+//!
 //! [points]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Point_(typography)
 //! [picas]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pica_(typography)
+//! [`ScaleFactorChanged`]: crate::event::WindowEvent::ScaleFactorChanged
+//! [`window.scale_factor()`]: crate::window::Window::scale_factor
 //! [windows_1]: https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/hidpi/high-dpi-desktop-application-development-on-windows
 //! [apple_1]: https://developer.apple.com/library/archive/documentation/DeviceInformation/Reference/iOSDeviceCompatibility/Displays/Displays.html
 //! [apple_2]: https://developer.apple.com/design/human-interface-guidelines/macos/icons-and-images/image-size-and-resolution/
@@ -210,9 +213,9 @@ impl<P: Pixel, X: Pixel> From<(X, X)> for LogicalPosition<P> {
     }
 }
 
-impl<P: Pixel, X: Pixel> Into<(X, X)> for LogicalPosition<P> {
-    fn into(self: Self) -> (X, X) {
-        (self.x.cast(), self.y.cast())
+impl<P: Pixel, X: Pixel> From<LogicalPosition<P>> for (X, X) {
+    fn from(p: LogicalPosition<P>) -> (X, X) {
+        (p.x.cast(), p.y.cast())
     }
 }
 
@@ -222,26 +225,23 @@ impl<P: Pixel, X: Pixel> From<[X; 2]> for LogicalPosition<P> {
     }
 }
 
-impl<P: Pixel, X: Pixel> Into<[X; 2]> for LogicalPosition<P> {
-    fn into(self: Self) -> [X; 2] {
-        [self.x.cast(), self.y.cast()]
+impl<P: Pixel, X: Pixel> From<LogicalPosition<P>> for [X; 2] {
+    fn from(p: LogicalPosition<P>) -> [X; 2] {
+        [p.x.cast(), p.y.cast()]
     }
 }
 
 #[cfg(feature = "mint")]
 impl<P: Pixel> From<mint::Point2<P>> for LogicalPosition<P> {
-    fn from(mint: mint::Point2<P>) -> Self {
-        Self::new(mint.x, mint.y)
+    fn from(p: mint::Point2<P>) -> Self {
+        Self::new(p.x, p.y)
     }
 }
 
 #[cfg(feature = "mint")]
 impl<P: Pixel> From<LogicalPosition<P>> for mint::Point2<P> {
-    fn from(winit: LogicalPosition<P>) -> Self {
-        mint::Point2 {
-            x: winit.x,
-            y: winit.y,
-        }
+    fn from(p: LogicalPosition<P>) -> Self {
+        mint::Point2 { x: p.x, y: p.y }
     }
 }
 
@@ -292,9 +292,9 @@ impl<P: Pixel, X: Pixel> From<(X, X)> for PhysicalPosition<P> {
     }
 }
 
-impl<P: Pixel, X: Pixel> Into<(X, X)> for PhysicalPosition<P> {
-    fn into(self: Self) -> (X, X) {
-        (self.x.cast(), self.y.cast())
+impl<P: Pixel, X: Pixel> From<PhysicalPosition<P>> for (X, X) {
+    fn from(p: PhysicalPosition<P>) -> (X, X) {
+        (p.x.cast(), p.y.cast())
     }
 }
 
@@ -304,26 +304,23 @@ impl<P: Pixel, X: Pixel> From<[X; 2]> for PhysicalPosition<P> {
     }
 }
 
-impl<P: Pixel, X: Pixel> Into<[X; 2]> for PhysicalPosition<P> {
-    fn into(self: Self) -> [X; 2] {
-        [self.x.cast(), self.y.cast()]
+impl<P: Pixel, X: Pixel> From<PhysicalPosition<P>> for [X; 2] {
+    fn from(p: PhysicalPosition<P>) -> [X; 2] {
+        [p.x.cast(), p.y.cast()]
     }
 }
 
 #[cfg(feature = "mint")]
 impl<P: Pixel> From<mint::Point2<P>> for PhysicalPosition<P> {
-    fn from(mint: mint::Point2<P>) -> Self {
-        Self::new(mint.x, mint.y)
+    fn from(p: mint::Point2<P>) -> Self {
+        Self::new(p.x, p.y)
     }
 }
 
 #[cfg(feature = "mint")]
 impl<P: Pixel> From<PhysicalPosition<P>> for mint::Point2<P> {
-    fn from(winit: PhysicalPosition<P>) -> Self {
-        mint::Point2 {
-            x: winit.x,
-            y: winit.y,
-        }
+    fn from(p: PhysicalPosition<P>) -> Self {
+        mint::Point2 { x: p.x, y: p.y }
     }
 }
 
@@ -374,9 +371,9 @@ impl<P: Pixel, X: Pixel> From<(X, X)> for LogicalSize<P> {
     }
 }
 
-impl<P: Pixel, X: Pixel> Into<(X, X)> for LogicalSize<P> {
-    fn into(self: LogicalSize<P>) -> (X, X) {
-        (self.width.cast(), self.height.cast())
+impl<P: Pixel, X: Pixel> From<LogicalSize<P>> for (X, X) {
+    fn from(s: LogicalSize<P>) -> (X, X) {
+        (s.width.cast(), s.height.cast())
     }
 }
 
@@ -386,25 +383,25 @@ impl<P: Pixel, X: Pixel> From<[X; 2]> for LogicalSize<P> {
     }
 }
 
-impl<P: Pixel, X: Pixel> Into<[X; 2]> for LogicalSize<P> {
-    fn into(self: Self) -> [X; 2] {
-        [self.width.cast(), self.height.cast()]
+impl<P: Pixel, X: Pixel> From<LogicalSize<P>> for [X; 2] {
+    fn from(s: LogicalSize<P>) -> [X; 2] {
+        [s.width.cast(), s.height.cast()]
     }
 }
 
 #[cfg(feature = "mint")]
 impl<P: Pixel> From<mint::Vector2<P>> for LogicalSize<P> {
-    fn from(mint: mint::Vector2<P>) -> Self {
-        Self::new(mint.x, mint.y)
+    fn from(v: mint::Vector2<P>) -> Self {
+        Self::new(v.x, v.y)
     }
 }
 
 #[cfg(feature = "mint")]
 impl<P: Pixel> From<LogicalSize<P>> for mint::Vector2<P> {
-    fn from(winit: LogicalSize<P>) -> Self {
+    fn from(s: LogicalSize<P>) -> Self {
         mint::Vector2 {
-            x: winit.width,
-            y: winit.height,
+            x: s.width,
+            y: s.height,
         }
     }
 }
@@ -453,9 +450,9 @@ impl<P: Pixel, X: Pixel> From<(X, X)> for PhysicalSize<P> {
     }
 }
 
-impl<P: Pixel, X: Pixel> Into<(X, X)> for PhysicalSize<P> {
-    fn into(self: Self) -> (X, X) {
-        (self.width.cast(), self.height.cast())
+impl<P: Pixel, X: Pixel> From<PhysicalSize<P>> for (X, X) {
+    fn from(s: PhysicalSize<P>) -> (X, X) {
+        (s.width.cast(), s.height.cast())
     }
 }
 
@@ -465,25 +462,25 @@ impl<P: Pixel, X: Pixel> From<[X; 2]> for PhysicalSize<P> {
     }
 }
 
-impl<P: Pixel, X: Pixel> Into<[X; 2]> for PhysicalSize<P> {
-    fn into(self: Self) -> [X; 2] {
-        [self.width.cast(), self.height.cast()]
+impl<P: Pixel, X: Pixel> From<PhysicalSize<P>> for [X; 2] {
+    fn from(s: PhysicalSize<P>) -> [X; 2] {
+        [s.width.cast(), s.height.cast()]
     }
 }
 
 #[cfg(feature = "mint")]
 impl<P: Pixel> From<mint::Vector2<P>> for PhysicalSize<P> {
-    fn from(mint: mint::Vector2<P>) -> Self {
-        Self::new(mint.x, mint.y)
+    fn from(v: mint::Vector2<P>) -> Self {
+        Self::new(v.x, v.y)
     }
 }
 
 #[cfg(feature = "mint")]
 impl<P: Pixel> From<PhysicalSize<P>> for mint::Vector2<P> {
-    fn from(winit: PhysicalSize<P>) -> Self {
+    fn from(s: PhysicalSize<P>) -> Self {
         mint::Vector2 {
-            x: winit.width,
-            y: winit.height,
+            x: s.width,
+            y: s.height,
         }
     }
 }
@@ -514,6 +511,19 @@ impl Size {
             Size::Logical(size) => size.to_physical(scale_factor),
         }
     }
+
+    pub fn clamp<S: Into<Size>>(input: S, min: S, max: S, scale_factor: f64) -> Size {
+        let (input, min, max) = (
+            input.into().to_physical::<f64>(scale_factor),
+            min.into().to_physical::<f64>(scale_factor),
+            max.into().to_physical::<f64>(scale_factor),
+        );
+
+        let width = input.width.clamp(min.width, max.width);
+        let height = input.height.clamp(min.height, max.height);
+
+        PhysicalSize::new(width, height).into()
+    }
 }
 
 impl<P: Pixel> From<PhysicalSize<P>> for Size {

src/event.rs

@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
-//! The `Event` enum and assorted supporting types.
+//! The [`Event`] enum and assorted supporting types.
 //!
-//! These are sent to the closure given to [`EventLoop::run(...)`][event_loop_run], where they get
+//! These are sent to the closure given to [`EventLoop::run(...)`], where they get
 //! processed and used to modify the program state. For more details, see the root-level documentation.
 //!
 //! Some of these events represent different "parts" of a traditional event-handling loop. You could
-//! approximate the basic ordering loop of [`EventLoop::run(...)`][event_loop_run] like this:
+//! approximate the basic ordering loop of [`EventLoop::run(...)`] like this:
 //!
 //! ```rust,ignore
 //! let mut control_flow = ControlFlow::Poll;
@@ -29,13 +29,16 @@
 //! event_handler(LoopDestroyed, ..., &mut control_flow);
 //! ```
 //!
-//! This leaves out timing details like `ControlFlow::WaitUntil` but hopefully
+//! This leaves out timing details like [`ControlFlow::WaitUntil`] but hopefully
 //! describes what happens in what order.
 //!
-//! [event_loop_run]: crate::event_loop::EventLoop::run
+//! [`EventLoop::run(...)`]: crate::event_loop::EventLoop::run
+//! [`ControlFlow::WaitUntil`]: crate::event_loop::ControlFlow::WaitUntil
 use instant::Instant;
 use std::path::PathBuf;
 
+#[cfg(doc)]
+use crate::window::Window;
 use crate::{
     dpi::{PhysicalPosition, PhysicalSize},
     platform_impl,
@@ -71,9 +74,107 @@ pub enum Event<'a, T: 'static> {
     UserEvent(T),
 
     /// Emitted when the application has been suspended.
+    ///
+    /// # Portability
+    ///
+    /// Not all platforms support the notion of suspending applications, and there may be no
+    /// technical way to guarantee being able to emit a `Suspended` event if the OS has
+    /// no formal application lifecycle (currently only Android and iOS do). For this reason,
+    /// Winit does not currently try to emit pseudo `Suspended` events before the application
+    /// quits on platforms without an application lifecycle.
+    ///
+    /// Considering that the implementation of `Suspended` and [`Resumed`] events may be internally
+    /// driven by multiple platform-specific events, and that there may be subtle differences across
+    /// platforms with how these internal events are delivered, it's recommended that applications
+    /// be able to gracefully handle redundant (i.e. back-to-back) `Suspended` or [`Resumed`] events.
+    ///
+    /// Also see [`Resumed`] notes.
+    ///
+    /// ## Android
+    ///
+    /// On Android, the `Suspended` event is only sent when the application's associated
+    /// [`SurfaceView`] is destroyed. This is expected to closely correlate with the [`onPause`]
+    /// lifecycle event but there may technically be a discrepancy.
+    ///
+    /// [`onPause`]: https://developer.android.com/reference/android/app/Activity#onPause()
+    ///
+    /// Applications that need to run on Android should assume their [`SurfaceView`] has been
+    /// destroyed, which indirectly invalidates any existing render surfaces that may have been
+    /// created outside of Winit (such as an `EGLSurface`, [`VkSurfaceKHR`] or [`wgpu::Surface`]).
+    ///
+    /// After being `Suspended` on Android applications must drop all render surfaces before
+    /// the event callback completes, which may be re-created when the application is next [`Resumed`].
+    ///
+    /// [`SurfaceView`]: https://developer.android.com/reference/android/view/SurfaceView
+    /// [Activity lifecycle]: https://developer.android.com/guide/components/activities/activity-lifecycle
+    /// [`VkSurfaceKHR`]: https://www.khronos.org/registry/vulkan/specs/1.3-extensions/man/html/VkSurfaceKHR.html
+    /// [`wgpu::Surface`]: https://docs.rs/wgpu/latest/wgpu/struct.Surface.html
+    ///
+    /// ## iOS
+    ///
+    /// On iOS, the `Suspended` event is currently emitted in response to an
+    /// [`applicationWillResignActive`] callback which means that the application is
+    /// about to transition from the active to inactive state (according to the
+    /// [iOS application lifecycle]).
+    ///
+    /// [`applicationWillResignActive`]: https://developer.apple.com/documentation/uikit/uiapplicationdelegate/1622950-applicationwillresignactive
+    /// [iOS application lifecycle]: https://developer.apple.com/documentation/uikit/app_and_environment/managing_your_app_s_life_cycle
+    ///
+    /// [`Resumed`]: Self::Resumed
     Suspended,
 
     /// Emitted when the application has been resumed.
+    ///
+    /// For consistency, all platforms emit a `Resumed` event even if they don't themselves have a
+    /// formal suspend/resume lifecycle. For systems without a standard suspend/resume lifecycle
+    /// the `Resumed` event is always emitted after the [`NewEvents(StartCause::Init)`][StartCause::Init]
+    /// event.
+    ///
+    /// # Portability
+    ///
+    /// It's recommended that applications should only initialize their graphics context and create
+    /// a window after they have received their first `Resumed` event. Some systems
+    /// (specifically Android) won't allow applications to create a render surface until they are
+    /// resumed.
+    ///
+    /// Considering that the implementation of [`Suspended`] and `Resumed` events may be internally
+    /// driven by multiple platform-specific events, and that there may be subtle differences across
+    /// platforms with how these internal events are delivered, it's recommended that applications
+    /// be able to gracefully handle redundant (i.e. back-to-back) [`Suspended`] or `Resumed` events.
+    ///
+    /// Also see [`Suspended`] notes.
+    ///
+    /// ## Android
+    ///
+    /// On Android, the `Resumed` event is sent when a new [`SurfaceView`] has been created. This is
+    /// expected to closely correlate with the [`onResume`] lifecycle event but there may technically
+    /// be a discrepancy.
+    ///
+    /// [`onResume`]: https://developer.android.com/reference/android/app/Activity#onResume()
+    ///
+    /// Applications that need to run on Android must wait until they have been `Resumed`
+    /// before they will be able to create a render surface (such as an `EGLSurface`,
+    /// [`VkSurfaceKHR`] or [`wgpu::Surface`]) which depend on having a
+    /// [`SurfaceView`]. Applications must also assume that if they are [`Suspended`], then their
+    /// render surfaces are invalid and should be dropped.
+    ///
+    /// Also see [`Suspended`] notes.
+    ///
+    /// [`SurfaceView`]: https://developer.android.com/reference/android/view/SurfaceView
+    /// [Activity lifecycle]: https://developer.android.com/guide/components/activities/activity-lifecycle
+    /// [`VkSurfaceKHR`]: https://www.khronos.org/registry/vulkan/specs/1.3-extensions/man/html/VkSurfaceKHR.html
+    /// [`wgpu::Surface`]: https://docs.rs/wgpu/latest/wgpu/struct.Surface.html
+    ///
+    /// ## iOS
+    ///
+    /// On iOS, the `Resumed` event is emitted in response to an [`applicationDidBecomeActive`]
+    /// callback which means the application is "active" (according to the
+    /// [iOS application lifecycle]).
+    ///
+    /// [`applicationDidBecomeActive`]: https://developer.apple.com/documentation/uikit/uiapplicationdelegate/1622956-applicationdidbecomeactive
+    /// [iOS application lifecycle]: https://developer.apple.com/documentation/uikit/app_and_environment/managing_your_app_s_life_cycle
+    ///
+    /// [`Suspended`]: Self::Suspended
     Resumed,
 
     /// Emitted when all of the event loop's input events have been processed and redraw processing
@@ -88,32 +189,44 @@ pub enum Event<'a, T: 'static> {
     /// can render here unconditionally for simplicity.
     MainEventsCleared,
 
-    /// Emitted after `MainEventsCleared` when a window should be redrawn.
+    /// Emitted after [`MainEventsCleared`] when a window should be redrawn.
     ///
     /// This gets triggered in two scenarios:
     /// - The OS has performed an operation that's invalidated the window's contents (such as
     ///   resizing the window).
-    /// - The application has explicitly requested a redraw via
-    ///   [`Window::request_redraw`](crate::window::Window::request_redraw).
+    /// - The application has explicitly requested a redraw via [`Window::request_redraw`].
     ///
     /// During each iteration of the event loop, Winit will aggregate duplicate redraw requests
     /// into a single event, to help avoid duplicating rendering work.
     ///
     /// Mainly of interest to applications with mostly-static graphics that avoid redrawing unless
     /// something changes, like most non-game GUIs.
+    ///
+    ///
+    /// ## Platform-specific
+    ///
+    /// - **macOS / iOS:** Due to implementation difficulties, this will often, but not always, be
+    ///   emitted directly inside `drawRect:`, with neither a preceding [`MainEventsCleared`] nor
+    ///   subsequent `RedrawEventsCleared`. See [#2640] for work on this.
+    ///
+    /// [`MainEventsCleared`]: Self::MainEventsCleared
+    /// [`RedrawEventsCleared`]: Self::RedrawEventsCleared
+    /// [#2640]: https://github.com/rust-windowing/winit/issues/2640
     RedrawRequested(WindowId),
 
-    /// Emitted after all `RedrawRequested` events have been processed and control flow is about to
+    /// Emitted after all [`RedrawRequested`] events have been processed and control flow is about to
     /// be taken away from the program. If there are no `RedrawRequested` events, it is emitted
     /// immediately after `MainEventsCleared`.
     ///
     /// This event is useful for doing any cleanup or bookkeeping work after all the rendering
     /// tasks have been completed.
+    ///
+    /// [`RedrawRequested`]: Self::RedrawRequested
     RedrawEventsCleared,
 
     /// Emitted when the event loop is being shut down.
     ///
-    /// This is irreversable - if this event is emitted, it is guaranteed to be the last event that
+    /// This is irreversible - if this event is emitted, it is guaranteed to be the last event that
     /// gets emitted. You generally want to treat this as an "do on quit" event.
     LoopDestroyed,
 }
@@ -131,7 +244,7 @@ impl<T: Clone> Clone for Event<'static, T> {
                 device_id: *device_id,
                 event: event.clone(),
             },
-            NewEvents(cause) => NewEvents(cause.clone()),
+            NewEvents(cause) => NewEvents(*cause),
             MainEventsCleared => MainEventsCleared,
             RedrawRequested(wid) => RedrawRequested(*wid),
             RedrawEventsCleared => RedrawEventsCleared,
@@ -183,9 +296,11 @@ impl<'a, T> Event<'a, T> {
 /// Describes the reason the event loop is resuming.
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
 pub enum StartCause {
-    /// Sent if the time specified by `ControlFlow::WaitUntil` has been reached. Contains the
+    /// Sent if the time specified by [`ControlFlow::WaitUntil`] has been reached. Contains the
     /// moment the timeout was requested and the requested resume time. The actual resume time is
     /// guaranteed to be equal to or after the requested resume time.
+    ///
+    /// [`ControlFlow::WaitUntil`]: crate::event_loop::ControlFlow::WaitUntil
     ResumeTimeReached {
         start: Instant,
         requested_resume: Instant,
@@ -199,20 +314,26 @@ pub enum StartCause {
     },
 
     /// Sent if the event loop is being resumed after the loop's control flow was set to
-    /// `ControlFlow::Poll`.
+    /// [`ControlFlow::Poll`].
+    ///
+    /// [`ControlFlow::Poll`]: crate::event_loop::ControlFlow::Poll
     Poll,
 
     /// Sent once, immediately after `run` is called. Indicates that the loop was just initialized.
     Init,
 }
 
-/// Describes an event from a `Window`.
+/// Describes an event from a [`Window`].
 #[derive(Debug, PartialEq)]
 pub enum WindowEvent<'a> {
     /// The size of the window has changed. Contains the client area's new dimensions.
     Resized(PhysicalSize<u32>),
 
     /// The position of the window has changed. Contains the window's new position.
+    ///
+    /// ## Platform-specific
+    ///
+    /// - **iOS / Android / Web / Wayland:** Unsupported.
     Moved(PhysicalPosition<i32>),
 
     /// The window has been requested to close.
@@ -240,6 +361,8 @@ pub enum WindowEvent<'a> {
     HoveredFileCancelled,
 
     /// The window received a unicode character.
+    ///
+    /// See also the [`Ime`](Self::Ime) event for more complex character sequences.
     ReceivedCharacter(char),
 
     /// The window gained or lost focus.
@@ -265,11 +388,21 @@ pub enum WindowEvent<'a> {
 
     /// The keyboard modifiers have changed.
     ///
-    /// Platform-specific behavior:
-    /// - **Web**: This API is currently unimplemented on the web. This isn't by design - it's an
+    /// ## Platform-specific
+    ///
+    /// - **Web:** This API is currently unimplemented on the web. This isn't by design - it's an
     ///   issue, and it should get fixed - but it's the current state of the API.
     ModifiersChanged(ModifiersState),
 
+    /// An event from an input method.
+    ///
+    /// **Note:** You have to explicitly enable this event using [`Window::set_ime_allowed`].
+    ///
+    /// ## Platform-specific
+    ///
+    /// - **iOS / Android / Web / Orbital:** Unsupported.
+    Ime(Ime),
+
     /// The cursor has moved on the window.
     CursorMoved {
         device_id: DeviceId,
@@ -306,6 +439,53 @@ pub enum WindowEvent<'a> {
         modifiers: ModifiersState,
     },
 
+    /// Touchpad magnification event with two-finger pinch gesture.
+    ///
+    /// Positive delta values indicate magnification (zooming in) and
+    /// negative delta values indicate shrinking (zooming out).
+    ///
+    /// ## Platform-specific
+    ///
+    /// - Only available on **macOS**.
+    TouchpadMagnify {
+        device_id: DeviceId,
+        delta: f64,
+        phase: TouchPhase,
+    },
+
+    /// Smart magnification event.
+    ///
+    /// On a Mac, smart magnification is triggered by a double tap with two fingers
+    /// on the trackpad and is commonly used to zoom on a certain object
+    /// (e.g. a paragraph of a PDF) or (sort of like a toggle) to reset any zoom.
+    /// The gesture is also supported in Safari, Pages, etc.
+    ///
+    /// The event is general enough that its generating gesture is allowed to vary
+    /// across platforms. It could also be generated by another device.
+    ///
+    /// Unfortunatly, neither [Windows](https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/touch-gestures-for-windows-a9d28305-4818-a5df-4e2b-e5590f850741)
+    /// nor [Wayland](https://wayland.freedesktop.org/libinput/doc/latest/gestures.html)
+    /// support this gesture or any other gesture with the same effect.
+    ///
+    /// ## Platform-specific
+    ///
+    /// - Only available on **macOS 10.8** and later.
+    SmartMagnify { device_id: DeviceId },
+
+    /// Touchpad rotation event with two-finger rotation gesture.
+    ///
+    /// Positive delta values indicate rotation counterclockwise and
+    /// negative delta values indicate rotation clockwise.
+    ///
+    /// ## Platform-specific
+    ///
+    /// - Only available on **macOS**.
+    TouchpadRotate {
+        device_id: DeviceId,
+        delta: f32,
+        phase: TouchPhase,
+    },
+
     /// Touchpad pressure event.
     ///
     /// At the moment, only supported on Apple forcetouch-capable macbooks.
@@ -325,6 +505,10 @@ pub enum WindowEvent<'a> {
     },
 
     /// Touch event has been received
+    ///
+    /// ## Platform-specific
+    ///
+    /// - **macOS:** Unsupported.
     Touch(Touch),
 
     /// The window's scale factor has changed.
@@ -350,16 +534,27 @@ pub enum WindowEvent<'a> {
     /// Applications might wish to react to this to change the theme of the content of the window
     /// when the system changes the window theme.
     ///
-    /// At the moment this is only supported on Windows.
+    /// ## Platform-specific
+    ///
+    /// - **iOS / Android / X11 / Wayland / Orbital:** Unsupported.
     ThemeChanged(Theme),
+
+    /// The window has been occluded (completely hidden from view).
+    ///
+    /// This is different to window visibility as it depends on whether the window is closed,
+    /// minimised, set invisible, or fully occluded by another window.
+    ///
+    /// Platform-specific behavior:
+    /// - **iOS / Android / Web / Wayland / Windows / Orbital:** Unsupported.
+    Occluded(bool),
 }
 
 impl Clone for WindowEvent<'static> {
     fn clone(&self) -> Self {
         use self::WindowEvent::*;
         return match self {
-            Resized(size) => Resized(size.clone()),
-            Moved(pos) => Moved(pos.clone()),
+            Resized(size) => Resized(*size),
+            Moved(pos) => Moved(*pos),
             CloseRequested => CloseRequested,
             Destroyed => Destroyed,
             DroppedFile(file) => DroppedFile(file.clone()),
@@ -376,8 +571,8 @@ impl Clone for WindowEvent<'static> {
                 input: *input,
                 is_synthetic: *is_synthetic,
             },
-
-            ModifiersChanged(modifiers) => ModifiersChanged(modifiers.clone()),
+            Ime(preedit_state) => Ime(preedit_state.clone()),
+            ModifiersChanged(modifiers) => ModifiersChanged(*modifiers),
             #[allow(deprecated)]
             CursorMoved {
                 device_id,
@@ -418,6 +613,27 @@ impl Clone for WindowEvent<'static> {
                 button: *button,
                 modifiers: *modifiers,
             },
+            TouchpadMagnify {
+                device_id,
+                delta,
+                phase,
+            } => TouchpadMagnify {
+                device_id: *device_id,
+                delta: *delta,
+                phase: *phase,
+            },
+            SmartMagnify { device_id } => SmartMagnify {
+                device_id: *device_id,
+            },
+            TouchpadRotate {
+                device_id,
+                delta,
+                phase,
+            } => TouchpadRotate {
+                device_id: *device_id,
+                delta: *delta,
+                phase: *phase,
+            },
             TouchpadPressure {
                 device_id,
                 pressure,
@@ -437,10 +653,11 @@ impl Clone for WindowEvent<'static> {
                 value: *value,
             },
             Touch(touch) => Touch(*touch),
-            ThemeChanged(theme) => ThemeChanged(theme.clone()),
+            ThemeChanged(theme) => ThemeChanged(*theme),
             ScaleFactorChanged { .. } => {
                 unreachable!("Static event can't be about scale factor changing")
             }
+            Occluded(occluded) => Occluded(*occluded),
         };
     }
 }
@@ -468,6 +685,7 @@ impl<'a> WindowEvent<'a> {
                 is_synthetic,
             }),
             ModifiersChanged(modifiers) => Some(ModifiersChanged(modifiers)),
+            Ime(event) => Some(Ime(event)),
             #[allow(deprecated)]
             CursorMoved {
                 device_id,
@@ -504,6 +722,25 @@ impl<'a> WindowEvent<'a> {
                 button,
                 modifiers,
             }),
+            TouchpadMagnify {
+                device_id,
+                delta,
+                phase,
+            } => Some(TouchpadMagnify {
+                device_id,
+                delta,
+                phase,
+            }),
+            SmartMagnify { device_id } => Some(SmartMagnify { device_id }),
+            TouchpadRotate {
+                device_id,
+                delta,
+                phase,
+            } => Some(TouchpadRotate {
+                device_id,
+                delta,
+                phase,
+            }),
             TouchpadPressure {
                 device_id,
                 pressure,
@@ -525,6 +762,7 @@ impl<'a> WindowEvent<'a> {
             Touch(touch) => Some(Touch(touch)),
             ThemeChanged(theme) => Some(ThemeChanged(theme)),
             ScaleFactorChanged { .. } => None,
+            Occluded(occluded) => Some(Occluded(occluded)),
         }
     }
 }
@@ -538,12 +776,16 @@ impl<'a> WindowEvent<'a> {
 pub struct DeviceId(pub(crate) platform_impl::DeviceId);
 
 impl DeviceId {
-    /// Returns a dummy `DeviceId`, useful for unit testing. The only guarantee made about the return
-    /// value of this function is that it will always be equal to itself and to future values returned
-    /// by this function.  No other guarantees are made. This may be equal to a real `DeviceId`.
+    /// Returns a dummy id, useful for unit testing.
+    ///
+    /// # Safety
+    ///
+    /// The only guarantee made about the return value of this function is that
+    /// it will always be equal to itself and to future values returned by this function.
+    /// No other guarantees are made. This may be equal to a real `DeviceId`.
     ///
     /// **Passing this into a winit function will result in undefined behavior.**
-    pub unsafe fn dummy() -> Self {
+    pub const unsafe fn dummy() -> Self {
         DeviceId(platform_impl::DeviceId::dummy())
     }
 }
@@ -563,7 +805,7 @@ pub enum DeviceEvent {
 
     /// Change in physical position of a pointing device.
     ///
-    /// This represents raw, unfiltered physical motion. Not to be confused with `WindowEvent::CursorMoved`.
+    /// This represents raw, unfiltered physical motion. Not to be confused with [`WindowEvent::CursorMoved`].
     MouseMotion {
         /// (x, y) change in position in unspecified units.
         ///
@@ -576,7 +818,7 @@ pub enum DeviceEvent {
         delta: MouseScrollDelta,
     },
 
-    /// Motion on some analog axis.  This event will be reported for all arbitrary input devices
+    /// Motion on some analog axis. This event will be reported for all arbitrary input devices
     /// that winit supports on this platform, including mouse devices.  If the device is a mouse
     /// device then this will be reported alongside the MouseMotion event.
     Motion {
@@ -623,6 +865,75 @@ pub struct KeyboardInput {
     pub modifiers: ModifiersState,
 }
 
+/// Describes [input method](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Input_method) events.
+///
+/// This is also called a "composition event".
+///
+/// Most keypresses using a latin-like keyboard layout simply generate a [`WindowEvent::ReceivedCharacter`].
+/// However, one couldn't possibly have a key for every single unicode character that the user might want to type
+/// - so the solution operating systems employ is to allow the user to type these using _a sequence of keypresses_ instead.
+///
+/// A prominent example of this is accents - many keyboard layouts allow you to first click the "accent key", and then
+/// the character you want to apply the accent to. This will generate the following event sequence:
+/// ```ignore
+/// // Press "`" key
+/// Ime::Preedit("`", Some((0, 0)))
+/// // Press "E" key
+/// Ime::Preedit("", None) // Synthetic event generated by winit to clear preedit.
+/// Ime::Commit("é")
+/// ```
+///
+/// Additionally, certain input devices are configured to display a candidate box that allow the user to select the
+/// desired character interactively. (To properly position this box, you must use [`Window::set_ime_position`].)
+///
+/// An example of a keyboard layout which uses candidate boxes is pinyin. On a latin keybaord the following event
+/// sequence could be obtained:
+/// ```ignore
+/// // Press "A" key
+/// Ime::Preedit("a", Some((1, 1)))
+/// // Press "B" key
+/// Ime::Preedit("a b", Some((3, 3)))
+/// // Press left arrow key
+/// Ime::Preedit("a b", Some((1, 1)))
+/// // Press space key
+/// Ime::Preedit("啊b", Some((3, 3)))
+/// // Press space key
+/// Ime::Preedit("", None) // Synthetic event generated by winit to clear preedit.
+/// Ime::Commit("啊不")
+/// ```
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
+pub enum Ime {
+    /// Notifies when the IME was enabled.
+    ///
+    /// After getting this event you could receive [`Preedit`](Self::Preedit) and
+    /// [`Commit`](Self::Commit) events. You should also start performing IME related requests
+    /// like [`Window::set_ime_position`].
+    Enabled,
+
+    /// Notifies when a new composing text should be set at the cursor position.
+    ///
+    /// The value represents a pair of the preedit string and the cursor begin position and end
+    /// position. When it's `None`, the cursor should be hidden. When `String` is an empty string
+    /// this indicates that preedit was cleared.
+    ///
+    /// The cursor position is byte-wise indexed.
+    Preedit(String, Option<(usize, usize)>),
+
+    /// Notifies when text should be inserted into the editor widget.
+    ///
+    /// Right before this event winit will send empty [`Self::Preedit`] event.
+    Commit(String),
+
+    /// Notifies when the IME was disabled.
+    ///
+    /// After receiving this event you won't get any more [`Preedit`](Self::Preedit) or
+    /// [`Commit`](Self::Commit) events until the next [`Enabled`](Self::Enabled) event. You should
+    /// also stop issuing IME related requests like [`Window::set_ime_position`] and clear pending
+    /// preedit text.
+    Disabled,
+}
+
 /// Describes touch-screen input state.
 #[derive(Debug, Hash, PartialEq, Eq, Clone, Copy)]
 #[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
@@ -635,20 +946,24 @@ pub enum TouchPhase {
 
 /// Represents a touch event
 ///
-/// Every time the user touches the screen, a new `Start` event with an unique
-/// identifier for the finger is generated. When the finger is lifted, an `End`
+/// Every time the user touches the screen, a new [`TouchPhase::Started`] event with an unique
+/// identifier for the finger is generated. When the finger is lifted, an [`TouchPhase::Ended`]
 /// event is generated with the same finger id.
 ///
-/// After a `Start` event has been emitted, there may be zero or more `Move`
+/// After a `Started` event has been emitted, there may be zero or more `Move`
 /// events when the finger is moved or the touch pressure changes.
 ///
-/// The finger id may be reused by the system after an `End` event. The user
-/// should assume that a new `Start` event received with the same id has nothing
+/// The finger id may be reused by the system after an `Ended` event. The user
+/// should assume that a new `Started` event received with the same id has nothing
 /// to do with the old finger and is a new finger.
 ///
-/// A `Cancelled` event is emitted when the system has canceled tracking this
+/// A [`TouchPhase::Cancelled`] event is emitted when the system has canceled tracking this
 /// touch, such as when the window loses focus, or on iOS if the user moves the
 /// device against their face.
+///
+/// ## Platform-specific
+///
+/// - **macOS:** Unsupported.
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq)]
 pub struct Touch {
     pub device_id: DeviceId,
@@ -700,8 +1015,9 @@ pub enum Force {
 
 impl Force {
     /// Returns the force normalized to the range between 0.0 and 1.0 inclusive.
+    ///
     /// Instead of normalizing the force, you should prefer to handle
-    /// `Force::Calibrated` so that the amount of force the user has to apply is
+    /// [`Force::Calibrated`] so that the amount of force the user has to apply is
     /// consistent across devices.
     pub fn normalized(&self) -> f64 {
         match self {
@@ -755,15 +1071,23 @@ pub enum MouseScrollDelta {
     /// Amount in lines or rows to scroll in the horizontal
     /// and vertical directions.
     ///
-    /// Positive values indicate movement forward
-    /// (away from the user) or rightwards.
+    /// Positive values indicate that the content that is being scrolled should move
+    /// right and down (revealing more content left and up).
     LineDelta(f32, f32),
+
     /// Amount in pixels to scroll in the horizontal and
     /// vertical direction.
     ///
-    /// Scroll events are expressed as a PixelDelta if
+    /// Scroll events are expressed as a `PixelDelta` if
     /// supported by the device (eg. a touchpad) and
     /// platform.
+    ///
+    /// Positive values indicate that the content being scrolled should
+    /// move right/down.
+    ///
+    /// For a 'natural scrolling' touch pad (that acts like a touch screen)
+    /// this means moving your fingers right and down should give positive values,
+    /// and move the content right and down (to reveal more things left and up).
     PixelDelta(PhysicalPosition<f64>),
 }
 
@@ -998,9 +1322,9 @@ bitflags! {
         // left and right modifiers are currently commented out, but we should be able to support
         // them in a future release
         /// The "shift" key.
-        const SHIFT = 0b100 << 0;
-        // const LSHIFT = 0b010 << 0;
-        // const RSHIFT = 0b001 << 0;
+        const SHIFT = 0b100;
+        // const LSHIFT = 0b010;
+        // const RSHIFT = 0b001;
         /// The "control" key.
         const CTRL = 0b100 << 3;
         // const LCTRL = 0b010 << 3;

src/event_loop.rs

@@ -1,48 +1,127 @@
-//! The `EventLoop` struct and assorted supporting types, including `ControlFlow`.
+//! The [`EventLoop`] struct and assorted supporting types, including
+//! [`ControlFlow`].
 //!
-//! If you want to send custom events to the event loop, use [`EventLoop::create_proxy()`][create_proxy]
-//! to acquire an [`EventLoopProxy`][event_loop_proxy] and call its [`send_event`][send_event] method.
+//! If you want to send custom events to the event loop, use
+//! [`EventLoop::create_proxy`] to acquire an [`EventLoopProxy`] and call its
+//! [`send_event`](`EventLoopProxy::send_event`) method.
 //!
 //! See the root-level documentation for information on how to create and use an event loop to
 //! handle events.
-//!
-//! [create_proxy]: crate::event_loop::EventLoop::create_proxy
-//! [event_loop_proxy]: crate::event_loop::EventLoopProxy
-//! [send_event]: crate::event_loop::EventLoopProxy::send_event
-use instant::Instant;
+use std::marker::PhantomData;
 use std::ops::Deref;
 use std::{error, fmt};
 
+use instant::{Duration, Instant};
+use once_cell::sync::OnceCell;
+use raw_window_handle::{HasRawDisplayHandle, RawDisplayHandle};
+
 use crate::{event::Event, monitor::MonitorHandle, platform_impl};
 
 /// Provides a way to retrieve events from the system and from the windows that were registered to
 /// the events loop.
 ///
-/// An `EventLoop` can be seen more or less as a "context". Calling `EventLoop::new()`
+/// An `EventLoop` can be seen more or less as a "context". Calling [`EventLoop::new`]
 /// initializes everything that will be required to create windows. For example on Linux creating
 /// an event loop opens a connection to the X or Wayland server.
 ///
-/// To wake up an `EventLoop` from a another thread, see the `EventLoopProxy` docs.
+/// To wake up an `EventLoop` from a another thread, see the [`EventLoopProxy`] docs.
 ///
-/// Note that the `EventLoop` cannot be shared across threads (due to platform-dependant logic
-/// forbidding it), as such it is neither `Send` nor `Sync`. If you need cross-thread access, the
-/// `Window` created from this `EventLoop` _can_ be sent to an other thread, and the
-/// `EventLoopProxy` allows you to wake up an `EventLoop` from another thread.
+/// Note that this cannot be shared across threads (due to platform-dependant logic
+/// forbidding it), as such it is neither [`Send`] nor [`Sync`]. If you need cross-thread access, the
+/// [`Window`] created from this _can_ be sent to an other thread, and the
+/// [`EventLoopProxy`] allows you to wake up an `EventLoop` from another thread.
 ///
+/// [`Window`]: crate::window::Window
 pub struct EventLoop<T: 'static> {
     pub(crate) event_loop: platform_impl::EventLoop<T>,
-    pub(crate) _marker: ::std::marker::PhantomData<*mut ()>, // Not Send nor Sync
+    pub(crate) _marker: PhantomData<*mut ()>, // Not Send nor Sync
 }
 
-/// Target that associates windows with an `EventLoop`.
+/// Target that associates windows with an [`EventLoop`].
 ///
 /// This type exists to allow you to create new windows while Winit executes
-/// your callback. `EventLoop` will coerce into this type (`impl<T> Deref for
+/// your callback. [`EventLoop`] will coerce into this type (`impl<T> Deref for
 /// EventLoop<T>`), so functions that take this as a parameter can also take
 /// `&EventLoop`.
 pub struct EventLoopWindowTarget<T: 'static> {
     pub(crate) p: platform_impl::EventLoopWindowTarget<T>,
-    pub(crate) _marker: ::std::marker::PhantomData<*mut ()>, // Not Send nor Sync
+    pub(crate) _marker: PhantomData<*mut ()>, // Not Send nor Sync
+}
+
+/// Object that allows building the event loop.
+///
+/// This is used to make specifying options that affect the whole application
+/// easier. But note that constructing multiple event loops is not supported.
+#[derive(Default)]
+pub struct EventLoopBuilder<T: 'static> {
+    pub(crate) platform_specific: platform_impl::PlatformSpecificEventLoopAttributes,
+    _p: PhantomData<T>,
+}
+
+impl EventLoopBuilder<()> {
+    /// Start building a new event loop.
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn new() -> Self {
+        Self::with_user_event()
+    }
+}
+
+impl<T> EventLoopBuilder<T> {
+    /// Start building a new event loop, with the given type as the user event
+    /// type.
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn with_user_event() -> Self {
+        Self {
+            platform_specific: Default::default(),
+            _p: PhantomData,
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Builds a new event loop.
+    ///
+    /// ***For cross-platform compatibility, the [`EventLoop`] must be created on the main thread,
+    /// and only once per application.***
+    ///
+    /// Attempting to create the event loop on a different thread, or multiple event loops in
+    /// the same application, will panic. This restriction isn't
+    /// strictly necessary on all platforms, but is imposed to eliminate any nasty surprises when
+    /// porting to platforms that require it. `EventLoopBuilderExt::any_thread` functions are exposed
+    /// in the relevant [`platform`] module if the target platform supports creating an event loop on
+    /// any thread.
+    ///
+    /// Calling this function will result in display backend initialisation.
+    ///
+    /// ## Platform-specific
+    ///
+    /// - **Linux:** Backend type can be controlled using an environment variable
+    ///   `WINIT_UNIX_BACKEND`. Legal values are `x11` and `wayland`.
+    ///   If it is not set, winit will try to connect to a Wayland connection, and if that fails,
+    ///   will fall back on X11. If this variable is set with any other value, winit will panic.
+    /// - **Android:** Must be configured with an `AndroidApp` from `android_main()` by calling
+    ///     [`.with_android_app(app)`] before calling `.build()`.
+    ///
+    /// [`platform`]: crate::platform
+    #[cfg_attr(
+        android,
+        doc = "[`.with_android_app(app)`]: crate::platform::android::EventLoopBuilderExtAndroid::with_android_app"
+    )]
+    #[cfg_attr(
+        not(android),
+        doc = "[`.with_android_app(app)`]: #only-available-on-android"
+    )]
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn build(&mut self) -> EventLoop<T> {
+        static EVENT_LOOP_CREATED: OnceCell<()> = OnceCell::new();
+        if EVENT_LOOP_CREATED.set(()).is_err() {
+            panic!("Creating EventLoop multiple times is not supported.");
+        }
+        // Certain platforms accept a mutable reference in their API.
+        #[allow(clippy::unnecessary_mut_passed)]
+        EventLoop {
+            event_loop: platform_impl::EventLoop::new(&mut self.platform_specific),
+            _marker: PhantomData,
+        }
+    }
 }
 
 impl<T> fmt::Debug for EventLoop<T> {
@@ -57,83 +136,150 @@ impl<T> fmt::Debug for EventLoopWindowTarget<T> {
     }
 }
 
-/// Set by the user callback given to the `EventLoop::run` method.
+/// Set by the user callback given to the [`EventLoop::run`] method.
 ///
-/// Indicates the desired behavior of the event loop after [`Event::RedrawEventsCleared`][events_cleared]
-/// is emitted. Defaults to `Poll`.
+/// Indicates the desired behavior of the event loop after [`Event::RedrawEventsCleared`] is emitted.
+///
+/// Defaults to [`Poll`].
 ///
 /// ## Persistency
-/// Almost every change is persistent between multiple calls to the event loop closure within a
-/// given run loop. The only exception to this is `Exit` which, once set, cannot be unset. Changes
-/// are **not** persistent between multiple calls to `run_return` - issuing a new call will reset
-/// the control flow to `Poll`.
 ///
-/// [events_cleared]: crate::event::Event::RedrawEventsCleared
+/// Almost every change is persistent between multiple calls to the event loop closure within a
+/// given run loop. The only exception to this is [`ExitWithCode`] which, once set, cannot be unset.
+/// Changes are **not** persistent between multiple calls to `run_return` - issuing a new call will
+/// reset the control flow to [`Poll`].
+///
+/// [`ExitWithCode`]: Self::ExitWithCode
+/// [`Poll`]: Self::Poll
 #[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
 pub enum ControlFlow {
     /// When the current loop iteration finishes, immediately begin a new iteration regardless of
     /// whether or not new events are available to process.
     ///
     /// ## Platform-specific
+    ///
     /// - **Web:** Events are queued and usually sent when `requestAnimationFrame` fires but sometimes
     ///   the events in the queue may be sent before the next `requestAnimationFrame` callback, for
     ///   example when the scaling of the page has changed. This should be treated as an implementation
     ///   detail which should not be relied on.
     Poll,
+
     /// When the current loop iteration finishes, suspend the thread until another event arrives.
     Wait,
+
     /// When the current loop iteration finishes, suspend the thread until either another event
     /// arrives or the given time is reached.
+    ///
+    /// Useful for implementing efficient timers. Applications which want to render at the display's
+    /// native refresh rate should instead use [`Poll`] and the VSync functionality of a graphics API
+    /// to reduce odds of missed frames.
+    ///
+    /// [`Poll`]: Self::Poll
     WaitUntil(Instant),
-    /// Send a `LoopDestroyed` event and stop the event loop. This variant is *sticky* - once set,
-    /// `control_flow` cannot be changed from `Exit`, and any future attempts to do so will result
-    /// in the `control_flow` parameter being reset to `Exit`.
-    Exit,
+
+    /// Send a [`LoopDestroyed`] event and stop the event loop. This variant is *sticky* - once set,
+    /// `control_flow` cannot be changed from `ExitWithCode`, and any future attempts to do so will
+    /// result in the `control_flow` parameter being reset to `ExitWithCode`.
+    ///
+    /// The contained number will be used as exit code. The [`Exit`] constant is a shortcut for this
+    /// with exit code 0.
+    ///
+    /// ## Platform-specific
+    ///
+    /// - **Android / iOS / WASM:** The supplied exit code is unused.
+    /// - **Unix:** On most Unix-like platforms, only the 8 least significant bits will be used,
+    ///   which can cause surprises with negative exit values (`-42` would end up as `214`). See
+    ///   [`std::process::exit`].
+    ///
+    /// [`LoopDestroyed`]: Event::LoopDestroyed
+    /// [`Exit`]: ControlFlow::Exit
+    ExitWithCode(i32),
+}
+
+impl ControlFlow {
+    /// Alias for [`ExitWithCode`]`(0)`.
+    ///
+    /// [`ExitWithCode`]: Self::ExitWithCode
+    #[allow(non_upper_case_globals)]
+    pub const Exit: Self = Self::ExitWithCode(0);
+
+    /// Sets this to [`Poll`].
+    ///
+    /// [`Poll`]: Self::Poll
+    pub fn set_poll(&mut self) {
+        *self = Self::Poll;
+    }
+
+    /// Sets this to [`Wait`].
+    ///
+    /// [`Wait`]: Self::Wait
+    pub fn set_wait(&mut self) {
+        *self = Self::Wait;
+    }
+
+    /// Sets this to [`WaitUntil`]`(instant)`.
+    ///
+    /// [`WaitUntil`]: Self::WaitUntil
+    pub fn set_wait_until(&mut self, instant: Instant) {
+        *self = Self::WaitUntil(instant);
+    }
+
+    /// Sets this to wait until a timeout has expired.
+    ///
+    /// In most cases, this is set to [`WaitUntil`]. However, if the timeout overflows, it is
+    /// instead set to [`Wait`].
+    ///
+    /// [`WaitUntil`]: Self::WaitUntil
+    /// [`Wait`]: Self::Wait
+    pub fn set_wait_timeout(&mut self, timeout: Duration) {
+        match Instant::now().checked_add(timeout) {
+            Some(instant) => self.set_wait_until(instant),
+            None => self.set_wait(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Sets this to [`ExitWithCode`]`(code)`.
+    ///
+    /// [`ExitWithCode`]: Self::ExitWithCode
+    pub fn set_exit_with_code(&mut self, code: i32) {
+        *self = Self::ExitWithCode(code);
+    }
+
+    /// Sets this to [`Exit`].
+    ///
+    /// [`Exit`]: Self::Exit
+    pub fn set_exit(&mut self) {
+        *self = Self::Exit;
+    }
 }
 
 impl Default for ControlFlow {
     #[inline(always)]
-    fn default() -> ControlFlow {
-        ControlFlow::Poll
+    fn default() -> Self {
+        Self::Poll
     }
 }
 
 impl EventLoop<()> {
-    /// Builds a new event loop with a `()` as the user event type.
+    /// Alias for [`EventLoopBuilder::new().build()`].
     ///
-    /// ***For cross-platform compatibility, the `EventLoop` must be created on the main thread.***
-    /// Attempting to create the event loop on a different thread will panic. This restriction isn't
-    /// strictly necessary on all platforms, but is imposed to eliminate any nasty surprises when
-    /// porting to platforms that require it. `EventLoopExt::new_any_thread` functions are exposed
-    /// in the relevant `platform` module if the target platform supports creating an event loop on
-    /// any thread.
-    ///
-    /// Usage will result in display backend initialisation, this can be controlled on linux
-    /// using an environment variable `WINIT_UNIX_BACKEND`. Legal values are `x11` and `wayland`.
-    /// If it is not set, winit will try to connect to a wayland connection, and if it fails will
-    /// fallback on x11. If this variable is set with any other value, winit will panic.
-    ///
-    /// ## Platform-specific
-    ///
-    /// - **iOS:** Can only be called on the main thread.
+    /// [`EventLoopBuilder::new().build()`]: EventLoopBuilder::build
+    #[inline]
     pub fn new() -> EventLoop<()> {
-        EventLoop::<()>::with_user_event()
+        EventLoopBuilder::new().build()
+    }
+}
+
+impl Default for EventLoop<()> {
+    fn default() -> Self {
+        Self::new()
     }
 }
 
 impl<T> EventLoop<T> {
-    /// Builds a new event loop.
-    ///
-    /// All caveats documented in [`EventLoop::new`] apply to this function.
-    ///
-    /// ## Platform-specific
-    ///
-    /// - **iOS:** Can only be called on the main thread.
+    #[deprecated = "Use `EventLoopBuilder::<T>::with_user_event().build()` instead."]
     pub fn with_user_event() -> EventLoop<T> {
-        EventLoop {
-            event_loop: platform_impl::EventLoop::new(),
-            _marker: ::std::marker::PhantomData,
-        }
+        EventLoopBuilder::<T>::with_user_event().build()
     }
 
     /// Hijacks the calling thread and initializes the winit event loop with the provided
@@ -145,6 +291,11 @@ impl<T> EventLoop<T> {
     ///
     /// Any values not passed to this function will *not* be dropped.
     ///
+    /// ## Platform-specific
+    ///
+    /// - **X11 / Wayland:** The program terminates with exit code 1 if the display server
+    ///   disconnects.
+    ///
     /// [`ControlFlow`]: crate::event_loop::ControlFlow
     #[inline]
     pub fn run<F>(self, event_handler: F) -> !
@@ -154,7 +305,7 @@ impl<T> EventLoop<T> {
         self.event_loop.run(event_handler)
     }
 
-    /// Creates an `EventLoopProxy` that can be used to dispatch user events to the main event loop.
+    /// Creates an [`EventLoopProxy`] that can be used to dispatch user events to the main event loop.
     pub fn create_proxy(&self) -> EventLoopProxy<T> {
         EventLoopProxy {
             event_loop_proxy: self.event_loop.create_proxy(),
@@ -162,6 +313,13 @@ impl<T> EventLoop<T> {
     }
 }
 
+unsafe impl<T> HasRawDisplayHandle for EventLoop<T> {
+    /// Returns a [`raw_window_handle::RawDisplayHandle`] for the event loop.
+    fn raw_display_handle(&self) -> RawDisplayHandle {
+        self.event_loop.window_target().p.raw_display_handle()
+    }
+}
+
 impl<T> Deref for EventLoop<T> {
     type Target = EventLoopWindowTarget<T>;
     fn deref(&self) -> &EventLoopWindowTarget<T> {
@@ -188,11 +346,36 @@ impl<T> EventLoopWindowTarget<T> {
     /// **Wayland:** Always returns `None`.
     #[inline]
     pub fn primary_monitor(&self) -> Option<MonitorHandle> {
-        self.p.primary_monitor()
+        self.p
+            .primary_monitor()
+            .map(|inner| MonitorHandle { inner })
+    }
+
+    /// Change [`DeviceEvent`] filter mode.
+    ///
+    /// Since the [`DeviceEvent`] capture can lead to high CPU usage for unfocused windows, winit
+    /// will ignore them by default for unfocused windows on Linux/BSD. This method allows changing
+    /// this filter at runtime to explicitly capture them again.
+    ///
+    /// ## Platform-specific
+    ///
+    /// - **Wayland / macOS / iOS / Android / Web / Orbital:** Unsupported.
+    ///
+    /// [`DeviceEvent`]: crate::event::DeviceEvent
+    pub fn set_device_event_filter(&self, _filter: DeviceEventFilter) {
+        #[cfg(any(x11_platform, wayland_platform, windows))]
+        self.p.set_device_event_filter(_filter);
     }
 }
 
-/// Used to send custom events to `EventLoop`.
+unsafe impl<T> HasRawDisplayHandle for EventLoopWindowTarget<T> {
+    /// Returns a [`raw_window_handle::RawDisplayHandle`] for the event loop.
+    fn raw_display_handle(&self) -> RawDisplayHandle {
+        self.p.raw_display_handle()
+    }
+}
+
+/// Used to send custom events to [`EventLoop`].
 pub struct EventLoopProxy<T: 'static> {
     event_loop_proxy: platform_impl::EventLoopProxy<T>,
 }
@@ -206,11 +389,13 @@ impl<T: 'static> Clone for EventLoopProxy<T> {
 }
 
 impl<T: 'static> EventLoopProxy<T> {
-    /// Send an event to the `EventLoop` from which this proxy was created. This emits a
+    /// Send an event to the [`EventLoop`] from which this proxy was created. This emits a
     /// `UserEvent(event)` event in the event loop, where `event` is the value passed to this
     /// function.
     ///
-    /// Returns an `Err` if the associated `EventLoop` no longer exists.
+    /// Returns an `Err` if the associated [`EventLoop`] no longer exists.
+    ///
+    /// [`UserEvent(event)`]: Event::UserEvent
     pub fn send_event(&self, event: T) -> Result<(), EventLoopClosed<T>> {
         self.event_loop_proxy.send_event(event)
     }
@@ -222,8 +407,10 @@ impl<T: 'static> fmt::Debug for EventLoopProxy<T> {
     }
 }
 
-/// The error that is returned when an `EventLoopProxy` attempts to wake up an `EventLoop` that
-/// no longer exists. Contains the original event given to `send_event`.
+/// The error that is returned when an [`EventLoopProxy`] attempts to wake up an [`EventLoop`] that
+/// no longer exists.
+///
+/// Contains the original event given to [`EventLoopProxy::send_event`].
 #[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
 pub struct EventLoopClosed<T>(pub T);
 
@@ -234,3 +421,20 @@ impl<T> fmt::Display for EventLoopClosed<T> {
 }
 
 impl<T: fmt::Debug> error::Error for EventLoopClosed<T> {}
+
+/// Filter controlling the propagation of device events.
+#[derive(Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord, Hash, Debug)]
+pub enum DeviceEventFilter {
+    /// Always filter out device events.
+    Always,
+    /// Filter out device events while the window is not focused.
+    Unfocused,
+    /// Report all device events regardless of window focus.
+    Never,
+}
+
+impl Default for DeviceEventFilter {
+    fn default() -> Self {
+        Self::Unfocused
+    }
+}

src/icon.rs

@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ pub(crate) struct Pixel {
 pub(crate) const PIXEL_SIZE: usize = mem::size_of::<Pixel>();
 
 #[derive(Debug)]
-/// An error produced when using `Icon::from_rgba` with invalid arguments.
+/// An error produced when using [`Icon::from_rgba`] with invalid arguments.
 pub enum BadIcon {
     /// Produced when the length of the `rgba` argument isn't divisible by 4, thus `rgba` can't be
     /// safely interpreted as 32bpp RGBA pixels.
@@ -34,8 +34,7 @@ impl fmt::Display for BadIcon {
     fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
         match self {
             BadIcon::ByteCountNotDivisibleBy4 { byte_count } => write!(f,
-                "The length of the `rgba` argument ({:?}) isn't divisible by 4, making it impossible to interpret as 32bpp RGBA pixels.",
-                byte_count,
+                "The length of the `rgba` argument ({byte_count:?}) isn't divisible by 4, making it impossible to interpret as 32bpp RGBA pixels.",
             ),
             BadIcon::DimensionsVsPixelCount {
                 width,
@@ -43,10 +42,9 @@ impl fmt::Display for BadIcon {
                 width_x_height,
                 pixel_count,
             } => write!(f,
-                "The specified dimensions ({:?}x{:?}) don't match the number of pixels supplied by the `rgba` argument ({:?}). For those dimensions, the expected pixel count is {:?}.",
-                width, height, pixel_count, width_x_height,
+                "The specified dimensions ({width:?}x{height:?}) don't match the number of pixels supplied by the `rgba` argument ({pixel_count:?}). For those dimensions, the expected pixel count is {width_x_height:?}.",
             ),
-            BadIcon::OsError(e) => write!(f, "OS error when instantiating the icon: {:?}", e),
+            BadIcon::OsError(e) => write!(f, "OS error when instantiating the icon: {e:?}"),
         }
     }
 }
@@ -73,10 +71,6 @@ mod constructors {
     use super::*;
 
     impl RgbaIcon {
-        /// Creates an `Icon` from 32bpp RGBA data.
-        ///
-        /// The length of `rgba` must be divisible by 4, and `width * height` must equal
-        /// `rgba.len() / 4`. Otherwise, this will return a `BadIcon` error.
         pub fn from_rgba(rgba: Vec<u8>, width: u32, height: u32) -> Result<Self, BadIcon> {
             if rgba.len() % PIXEL_SIZE != 0 {
                 return Err(BadIcon::ByteCountNotDivisibleBy4 {
@@ -123,7 +117,7 @@ impl fmt::Debug for Icon {
 }
 
 impl Icon {
-    /// Creates an `Icon` from 32bpp RGBA data.
+    /// Creates an icon from 32bpp RGBA data.
     ///
     /// The length of `rgba` must be divisible by 4, and `width * height` must equal
     /// `rgba.len() / 4`. Otherwise, this will return a `BadIcon` error.

src/lib.rs

@@ -31,8 +31,8 @@
 //! You can retrieve events by calling [`EventLoop::run`][event_loop_run]. This function will
 //! dispatch events for every [`Window`] that was created with that particular [`EventLoop`], and
 //! will run until the `control_flow` argument given to the closure is set to
-//! [`ControlFlow`]`::`[`Exit`], at which point [`Event`]`::`[`LoopDestroyed`] is emitted and the
-//! entire program terminates.
+//! [`ControlFlow`]`::`[`ExitWithCode`] (which [`ControlFlow`]`::`[`Exit`] aliases to), at which
+//! point [`Event`]`::`[`LoopDestroyed`] is emitted and the entire program terminates.
 //!
 //! Winit no longer uses a `EventLoop::poll_events() -> impl Iterator<Event>`-based event loop
 //! model, since that can't be implemented properly on some platforms (e.g web, iOS) and works poorly on
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@
 //! ```no_run
 //! use winit::{
 //!     event::{Event, WindowEvent},
-//!     event_loop::{ControlFlow, EventLoop},
+//!     event_loop::EventLoop,
 //!     window::WindowBuilder,
 //! };
 //!
@@ -54,12 +54,12 @@
 //! event_loop.run(move |event, _, control_flow| {
 //!     // ControlFlow::Poll continuously runs the event loop, even if the OS hasn't
 //!     // dispatched any events. This is ideal for games and similar applications.
-//!     *control_flow = ControlFlow::Poll;
+//!     control_flow.set_poll();
 //!
 //!     // ControlFlow::Wait pauses the event loop if no events are available to process.
 //!     // This is ideal for non-game applications that only update in response to user
 //!     // input, and uses significantly less power/CPU time than ControlFlow::Poll.
-//!     *control_flow = ControlFlow::Wait;
+//!     control_flow.set_wait();
 //!
 //!     match event {
 //!         Event::WindowEvent {
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@
 //!             ..
 //!         } => {
 //!             println!("The close button was pressed; stopping");
-//!             *control_flow = ControlFlow::Exit
+//!             control_flow.set_exit();
 //!         },
 //!         Event::MainEventsCleared => {
 //!             // Application update code.
@@ -98,9 +98,9 @@
 //! # Drawing on the window
 //!
 //! Winit doesn't directly provide any methods for drawing on a [`Window`]. However it allows you to
-//! retrieve the raw handle of the window (see the [`platform`] module and/or the
-//! [`raw_window_handle`] method), which in turn allows you to create an
-//! OpenGL/Vulkan/DirectX/Metal/etc. context that can be used to render graphics.
+//! retrieve the raw handle of the window and display (see the [`platform`] module and/or the
+//! [`raw_window_handle`] and [`raw_display_handle`] methods), which in turn allows
+//!  you to create an OpenGL/Vulkan/DirectX/Metal/etc. context that can be used to render graphics.
 //!
 //! Note that many platforms will display garbage data in the window's client area if the
 //! application doesn't render anything to the window by the time the desktop compositor is ready to
@@ -114,6 +114,7 @@
 //! [event_loop_run]: event_loop::EventLoop::run
 //! [`ControlFlow`]: event_loop::ControlFlow
 //! [`Exit`]: event_loop::ControlFlow::Exit
+//! [`ExitWithCode`]: event_loop::ControlFlow::ExitWithCode
 //! [`Window`]: window::Window
 //! [`WindowId`]: window::WindowId
 //! [`WindowBuilder`]: window::WindowBuilder
@@ -128,13 +129,16 @@
 //! [`LoopDestroyed`]: event::Event::LoopDestroyed
 //! [`platform`]: platform
 //! [`raw_window_handle`]: ./window/struct.Window.html#method.raw_window_handle
+//! [`raw_display_handle`]: ./window/struct.Window.html#method.raw_display_handle
 
 #![deny(rust_2018_idioms)]
-#![deny(broken_intra_doc_links)]
+#![deny(rustdoc::broken_intra_doc_links)]
+#![deny(clippy::all)]
+#![cfg_attr(feature = "cargo-clippy", deny(warnings))]
+// Doc feature labels can be tested locally by running RUSTDOCFLAGS="--cfg=docsrs" cargo +nightly doc
+#![cfg_attr(docsrs, feature(doc_auto_cfg))]
+#![allow(clippy::missing_safety_doc)]
 
-#[allow(unused_imports)]
-#[macro_use]
-extern crate lazy_static;
 #[allow(unused_imports)]
 #[macro_use]
 extern crate log;
@@ -143,11 +147,6 @@ extern crate log;
 extern crate serde;
 #[macro_use]
 extern crate bitflags;
-#[cfg(any(target_os = "macos", target_os = "ios"))]
-#[macro_use]
-extern crate objc;
-#[cfg(all(target_arch = "wasm32", feature = "std_web"))]
-extern crate std_web as stdweb;
 
 pub mod dpi;
 #[macro_use]

src/monitor.rs

@@ -1,14 +1,10 @@
 //! Types useful for interacting with a user's monitors.
 //!
-//! If you want to get basic information about a monitor, you can use the [`MonitorHandle`][monitor_handle]
-//! type. This is retrieved from one of the following methods, which return an iterator of
-//! [`MonitorHandle`][monitor_handle]:
-//! - [`EventLoopWindowTarget::available_monitors`][loop_get]
-//! - [`Window::available_monitors`][window_get].
-//!
-//! [monitor_handle]: crate::monitor::MonitorHandle
-//! [loop_get]: crate::event_loop::EventLoopWindowTarget::available_monitors
-//! [window_get]: crate::window::Window::available_monitors
+//! If you want to get basic information about a monitor, you can use the
+//! [`MonitorHandle`] type. This is retrieved from one of the following
+//! methods, which return an iterator of [`MonitorHandle`]:
+//! - [`EventLoopWindowTarget::available_monitors`](crate::event_loop::EventLoopWindowTarget::available_monitors).
+//! - [`Window::available_monitors`](crate::window::Window::available_monitors).
 use crate::{
     dpi::{PhysicalPosition, PhysicalSize},
     platform_impl,
@@ -16,10 +12,7 @@ use crate::{
 
 /// Describes a fullscreen video mode of a monitor.
 ///
-/// Can be acquired with:
-/// - [`MonitorHandle::video_modes`][monitor_get].
-///
-/// [monitor_get]: crate::monitor::MonitorHandle::video_modes
+/// Can be acquired with [`MonitorHandle::video_modes`].
 #[derive(Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
 pub struct VideoMode {
     pub(crate) video_mode: platform_impl::VideoMode,
@@ -46,8 +39,8 @@ impl Ord for VideoMode {
         self.monitor().cmp(&other.monitor()).then(
             size.cmp(&other_size)
                 .then(
-                    self.refresh_rate()
-                        .cmp(&other.refresh_rate())
+                    self.refresh_rate_millihertz()
+                        .cmp(&other.refresh_rate_millihertz())
                         .then(self.bit_depth().cmp(&other.bit_depth())),
                 )
                 .reverse(),
@@ -68,26 +61,26 @@ impl VideoMode {
     ///
     /// ## Platform-specific
     ///
-    /// - **Wayland:** Always returns 32.
+    /// - **Wayland / Orbital:** Always returns 32.
     /// - **iOS:** Always returns 32.
     #[inline]
     pub fn bit_depth(&self) -> u16 {
         self.video_mode.bit_depth()
     }
 
-    /// Returns the refresh rate of this video mode. **Note**: the returned
-    /// refresh rate is an integer approximation, and you shouldn't rely on this
-    /// value to be exact.
+    /// Returns the refresh rate of this video mode in mHz.
     #[inline]
-    pub fn refresh_rate(&self) -> u16 {
-        self.video_mode.refresh_rate()
+    pub fn refresh_rate_millihertz(&self) -> u32 {
+        self.video_mode.refresh_rate_millihertz()
     }
 
     /// Returns the monitor that this video mode is valid for. Each monitor has
     /// a separate set of valid video modes.
     #[inline]
     pub fn monitor(&self) -> MonitorHandle {
-        self.video_mode.monitor()
+        MonitorHandle {
+            inner: self.video_mode.monitor(),
+        }
     }
 }
 
@@ -95,10 +88,10 @@ impl std::fmt::Display for VideoMode {
     fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
         write!(
             f,
-            "{}x{} @ {} Hz ({} bpp)",
+            "{}x{} @ {} mHz ({} bpp)",
             self.size().width,
             self.size().height,
-            self.refresh_rate(),
+            self.refresh_rate_millihertz(),
             self.bit_depth()
         )
     }
@@ -148,6 +141,18 @@ impl MonitorHandle {
         self.inner.position()
     }
 
+    /// The monitor refresh rate used by the system.
+    ///
+    /// Return `Some` if succeed, or `None` if failed, which usually happens when the monitor
+    /// the window is on is removed.
+    ///
+    /// When using exclusive fullscreen, the refresh rate of the [`VideoMode`] that was used to
+    /// enter fullscreen should be used instead.
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn refresh_rate_millihertz(&self) -> Option<u32> {
+        self.inner.refresh_rate_millihertz()
+    }
+
     /// Returns the scale factor that can be used to map logical pixels to physical pixels, and vice versa.
     ///
     /// See the [`dpi`](crate::dpi) module for more information.
@@ -169,6 +174,8 @@ impl MonitorHandle {
     /// - **Web:** Always returns an empty iterator
     #[inline]
     pub fn video_modes(&self) -> impl Iterator<Item = VideoMode> {
-        self.inner.video_modes()
+        self.inner
+            .video_modes()
+            .map(|video_mode| VideoMode { video_mode })
     }
 }

src/platform/android.rs

@@ -1,25 +1,23 @@
-#![cfg(any(target_os = "android"))]
-
 use crate::{
-    event_loop::{EventLoop, EventLoopWindowTarget},
+    event_loop::{EventLoop, EventLoopBuilder, EventLoopWindowTarget},
     window::{Window, WindowBuilder},
 };
-use ndk::configuration::Configuration;
-use ndk_glue::Rect;
 
-/// Additional methods on `EventLoop` that are specific to Android.
+use android_activity::{AndroidApp, ConfigurationRef, Rect};
+
+/// Additional methods on [`EventLoop`] that are specific to Android.
 pub trait EventLoopExtAndroid {}
 
 impl<T> EventLoopExtAndroid for EventLoop<T> {}
 
-/// Additional methods on `EventLoopWindowTarget` that are specific to Android.
+/// Additional methods on [`EventLoopWindowTarget`] that are specific to Android.
 pub trait EventLoopWindowTargetExtAndroid {}
 
-/// Additional methods on `Window` that are specific to Android.
+/// Additional methods on [`Window`] that are specific to Android.
 pub trait WindowExtAndroid {
     fn content_rect(&self) -> Rect;
 
-    fn config(&self) -> Configuration;
+    fn config(&self) -> ConfigurationRef;
 }
 
 impl WindowExtAndroid for Window {
@@ -27,14 +25,54 @@ impl WindowExtAndroid for Window {
         self.window.content_rect()
     }
 
-    fn config(&self) -> Configuration {
+    fn config(&self) -> ConfigurationRef {
         self.window.config()
     }
 }
 
 impl<T> EventLoopWindowTargetExtAndroid for EventLoopWindowTarget<T> {}
 
-/// Additional methods on `WindowBuilder` that are specific to Android.
+/// Additional methods on [`WindowBuilder`] that are specific to Android.
 pub trait WindowBuilderExtAndroid {}
 
 impl WindowBuilderExtAndroid for WindowBuilder {}
+
+pub trait EventLoopBuilderExtAndroid {
+    /// Associates the `AndroidApp` that was passed to `android_main()` with the event loop
+    ///
+    /// This must be called on Android since the `AndroidApp` is not global state.
+    fn with_android_app(&mut self, app: AndroidApp) -> &mut Self;
+}
+
+impl<T> EventLoopBuilderExtAndroid for EventLoopBuilder<T> {
+    fn with_android_app(&mut self, app: AndroidApp) -> &mut Self {
+        self.platform_specific.android_app = Some(app);
+        self
+    }
+}
+
+/// Re-export of the `android_activity` API
+///
+/// Winit re-exports the `android_activity` API for convenience so that most
+/// applications can rely on the Winit crate to resolve the required version of
+/// `android_activity` and avoid any chance of a conflict between Winit and the
+/// application crate.
+///
+/// Unlike most libraries there can only be a single implementation
+/// of the `android_activity` glue crate linked with an application because
+/// it is responsible for the application's `android_main()` entry point.
+///
+/// Since Winit depends on a specific version of `android_activity` the simplest
+/// way to avoid creating a conflict is for applications to avoid explicitly
+/// depending on the `android_activity` crate, and instead consume the API that
+/// is re-exported by Winit.
+///
+/// For compatibility applications should then import the `AndroidApp` type for
+/// their `android_main(app: AndroidApp)` function like:
+/// ```rust
+/// #[cfg(target_os="android")]
+/// use winit::platform::android::activity::AndroidApp;
+/// ```
+pub mod activity {
+    pub use android_activity::*;
+}

src/platform/ios.rs

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
-#![cfg(target_os = "ios")]
-
 use std::os::raw::c_void;
 
+use objc2::rc::Id;
+
 use crate::{
     event_loop::EventLoop,
     monitor::{MonitorHandle, VideoMode},
@@ -99,17 +99,17 @@ pub trait WindowExtIOS {
 impl WindowExtIOS for Window {
     #[inline]
     fn ui_window(&self) -> *mut c_void {
-        self.window.ui_window() as _
+        self.window.ui_window()
     }
 
     #[inline]
     fn ui_view_controller(&self) -> *mut c_void {
-        self.window.ui_view_controller() as _
+        self.window.ui_view_controller()
     }
 
     #[inline]
     fn ui_view(&self) -> *mut c_void {
-        self.window.ui_view() as _
+        self.window.ui_view()
     }
 
     #[inline]
@@ -141,13 +141,6 @@ impl WindowExtIOS for Window {
 
 /// Additional methods on [`WindowBuilder`] that are specific to iOS.
 pub trait WindowBuilderExtIOS {
-    /// Sets the root view class used by the [`Window`], otherwise a barebones [`UIView`] is provided.
-    ///
-    /// An instance of the class will be initialized by calling [`-[UIView initWithFrame:]`](https://developer.apple.com/documentation/uikit/uiview/1622488-initwithframe?language=objc).
-    ///
-    /// [`UIView`]: https://developer.apple.com/documentation/uikit/uiview?language=objc
-    fn with_root_view_class(self, root_view_class: *const c_void) -> WindowBuilder;
-
     /// Sets the [`contentScaleFactor`] of the underlying [`UIWindow`] to `scale_factor`.
     ///
     /// The default value is device dependent, and it's recommended GLES or Metal applications set
@@ -197,12 +190,6 @@ pub trait WindowBuilderExtIOS {
 }
 
 impl WindowBuilderExtIOS for WindowBuilder {
-    #[inline]
-    fn with_root_view_class(mut self, root_view_class: *const c_void) -> WindowBuilder {
-        self.platform_specific.root_view_class = unsafe { &*(root_view_class as *const _) };
-        self
-    }
-
     #[inline]
     fn with_scale_factor(mut self, scale_factor: f64) -> WindowBuilder {
         self.platform_specific.scale_factor = Some(scale_factor);
@@ -254,12 +241,14 @@ pub trait MonitorHandleExtIOS {
 impl MonitorHandleExtIOS for MonitorHandle {
     #[inline]
     fn ui_screen(&self) -> *mut c_void {
-        self.inner.ui_screen() as _
+        Id::as_ptr(self.inner.ui_screen()) as *mut c_void
     }
 
     #[inline]
     fn preferred_video_mode(&self) -> VideoMode {
-        self.inner.preferred_video_mode()
+        VideoMode {
+            video_mode: self.inner.preferred_video_mode(),
+        }
     }
 }
 

src/platform/macos.rs

@@ -1,25 +1,23 @@
-#![cfg(target_os = "macos")]
-
 use std::os::raw::c_void;
 
+use objc2::rc::Id;
+
 use crate::{
-    dpi::LogicalSize,
-    event_loop::{EventLoop, EventLoopWindowTarget},
+    event_loop::{EventLoopBuilder, EventLoopWindowTarget},
     monitor::MonitorHandle,
-    platform_impl::get_aux_state_mut,
     window::{Window, WindowBuilder},
 };
 
-/// Additional methods on `Window` that are specific to MacOS.
+/// Additional methods on [`Window`] that are specific to MacOS.
 pub trait WindowExtMacOS {
     /// Returns a pointer to the cocoa `NSWindow` that is used by this window.
     ///
-    /// The pointer will become invalid when the `Window` is destroyed.
+    /// The pointer will become invalid when the [`Window`] is destroyed.
     fn ns_window(&self) -> *mut c_void;
 
     /// Returns a pointer to the cocoa `NSView` that is used by this window.
     ///
-    /// The pointer will become invalid when the `Window` is destroyed.
+    /// The pointer will become invalid when the [`Window`] is destroyed.
     fn ns_view(&self) -> *mut c_void;
 
     /// Returns whether or not the window is in simple fullscreen mode.
@@ -39,6 +37,36 @@ pub trait WindowExtMacOS {
 
     /// Sets whether or not the window has shadow.
     fn set_has_shadow(&self, has_shadow: bool);
+
+    /// Get the window's edit state.
+    ///
+    /// # Examples
+    ///
+    /// ```ignore
+    /// WindowEvent::CloseRequested => {
+    ///     if window.is_document_edited() {
+    ///         // Show the user a save pop-up or similar
+    ///     } else {
+    ///         // Close the window
+    ///         drop(window);
+    ///     }
+    /// }
+    /// ```
+    fn is_document_edited(&self) -> bool;
+
+    /// Put the window in a state which indicates a file save is required.
+    fn set_document_edited(&self, edited: bool);
+
+    /// Set option as alt behavior as described in [`OptionAsAlt`].
+    ///
+    /// This will ignore diacritical marks and accent characters from
+    /// being processed as received characters. Instead, the input
+    /// device's raw character will be placed in event queues with the
+    /// Alt modifier set.
+    fn set_option_as_alt(&self, option_as_alt: OptionAsAlt);
+
+    /// Getter for the [`WindowExtMacOS::set_option_as_alt`].
+    fn option_as_alt(&self) -> OptionAsAlt;
 }
 
 impl WindowExtMacOS for Window {
@@ -71,10 +99,30 @@ impl WindowExtMacOS for Window {
     fn set_has_shadow(&self, has_shadow: bool) {
         self.window.set_has_shadow(has_shadow)
     }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn is_document_edited(&self) -> bool {
+        self.window.is_document_edited()
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn set_document_edited(&self, edited: bool) {
+        self.window.set_document_edited(edited)
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn set_option_as_alt(&self, option_as_alt: OptionAsAlt) {
+        self.window.set_option_as_alt(option_as_alt)
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn option_as_alt(&self) -> OptionAsAlt {
+        self.window.option_as_alt()
+    }
 }
 
 /// Corresponds to `NSApplicationActivationPolicy`.
-#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq)]
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
 pub enum ActivationPolicy {
     /// Corresponds to `NSApplicationActivationPolicyRegular`.
     Regular,
@@ -90,16 +138,14 @@ impl Default for ActivationPolicy {
     }
 }
 
-/// Additional methods on `WindowBuilder` that are specific to MacOS.
+/// Additional methods on [`WindowBuilder`] that are specific to MacOS.
 ///
-/// **Note:** Properties dealing with the titlebar will be overwritten by the `with_decorations` method
-/// on the base `WindowBuilder`:
-///
-///  - `with_titlebar_transparent`
-///  - `with_title_hidden`
-///  - `with_titlebar_hidden`
-///  - `with_titlebar_buttons_hidden`
-///  - `with_fullsize_content_view`
+/// **Note:** Properties dealing with the titlebar will be overwritten by the [`WindowBuilder::with_decorations`] method:
+/// - `with_titlebar_transparent`
+/// - `with_title_hidden`
+/// - `with_titlebar_hidden`
+/// - `with_titlebar_buttons_hidden`
+/// - `with_fullsize_content_view`
 pub trait WindowBuilderExtMacOS {
     /// Enables click-and-drag behavior for the entire window, not just the titlebar.
     fn with_movable_by_window_background(self, movable_by_window_background: bool)
@@ -114,10 +160,15 @@ pub trait WindowBuilderExtMacOS {
     fn with_titlebar_buttons_hidden(self, titlebar_buttons_hidden: bool) -> WindowBuilder;
     /// Makes the window content appear behind the titlebar.
     fn with_fullsize_content_view(self, fullsize_content_view: bool) -> WindowBuilder;
-    /// Build window with `resizeIncrements` property. Values must not be 0.
-    fn with_resize_increments(self, increments: LogicalSize<f64>) -> WindowBuilder;
     fn with_disallow_hidpi(self, disallow_hidpi: bool) -> WindowBuilder;
     fn with_has_shadow(self, has_shadow: bool) -> WindowBuilder;
+    /// Window accepts click-through mouse events.
+    fn with_accepts_first_mouse(self, accepts_first_mouse: bool) -> WindowBuilder;
+
+    /// Set whether the `OptionAsAlt` key is interpreted as the `Alt` modifier.
+    ///
+    /// See [`WindowExtMacOS::set_option_as_alt`] for details on what this means if set.
+    fn with_option_as_alt(self, option_as_alt: OptionAsAlt) -> WindowBuilder;
 }
 
 impl WindowBuilderExtMacOS for WindowBuilder {
@@ -160,12 +211,6 @@ impl WindowBuilderExtMacOS for WindowBuilder {
         self
     }
 
-    #[inline]
-    fn with_resize_increments(mut self, increments: LogicalSize<f64>) -> WindowBuilder {
-        self.platform_specific.resize_increments = Some(increments.into());
-        self
-    }
-
     #[inline]
     fn with_disallow_hidpi(mut self, disallow_hidpi: bool) -> WindowBuilder {
         self.platform_specific.disallow_hidpi = disallow_hidpi;
@@ -177,42 +222,93 @@ impl WindowBuilderExtMacOS for WindowBuilder {
         self.platform_specific.has_shadow = has_shadow;
         self
     }
-}
 
-pub trait EventLoopExtMacOS {
-    /// Sets the activation policy for the application. It is set to
-    /// `NSApplicationActivationPolicyRegular` by default.
-    ///
-    /// This function only takes effect if it's called before calling [`run`](crate::event_loop::EventLoop::run) or
-    /// [`run_return`](crate::platform::run_return::EventLoopExtRunReturn::run_return)
-    fn set_activation_policy(&mut self, activation_policy: ActivationPolicy);
-
-    /// Used to prevent a default menubar menu from getting created
-    ///
-    /// The default menu creation is enabled by default.
-    ///
-    /// This function only takes effect if it's called before calling
-    /// [`run`](crate::event_loop::EventLoop::run) or
-    /// [`run_return`](crate::platform::run_return::EventLoopExtRunReturn::run_return)
-    fn enable_default_menu_creation(&mut self, enable: bool);
-}
-impl<T> EventLoopExtMacOS for EventLoop<T> {
     #[inline]
-    fn set_activation_policy(&mut self, activation_policy: ActivationPolicy) {
-        unsafe {
-            get_aux_state_mut(&**self.event_loop.delegate).activation_policy = activation_policy;
-        }
+    fn with_accepts_first_mouse(mut self, accepts_first_mouse: bool) -> WindowBuilder {
+        self.platform_specific.accepts_first_mouse = accepts_first_mouse;
+        self
     }
 
     #[inline]
-    fn enable_default_menu_creation(&mut self, enable: bool) {
-        unsafe {
-            get_aux_state_mut(&**self.event_loop.delegate).create_default_menu = enable;
-        }
+    fn with_option_as_alt(mut self, option_as_alt: OptionAsAlt) -> WindowBuilder {
+        self.platform_specific.option_as_alt = option_as_alt;
+        self
     }
 }
 
-/// Additional methods on `MonitorHandle` that are specific to MacOS.
+pub trait EventLoopBuilderExtMacOS {
+    /// Sets the activation policy for the application.
+    ///
+    /// It is set to [`ActivationPolicy::Regular`] by default.
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// Set the activation policy to "accessory".
+    ///
+    /// ```
+    /// use winit::event_loop::EventLoopBuilder;
+    /// #[cfg(target_os = "macos")]
+    /// use winit::platform::macos::{EventLoopBuilderExtMacOS, ActivationPolicy};
+    ///
+    /// let mut builder = EventLoopBuilder::new();
+    /// #[cfg(target_os = "macos")]
+    /// builder.with_activation_policy(ActivationPolicy::Accessory);
+    /// # if false { // We can't test this part
+    /// let event_loop = builder.build();
+    /// # }
+    /// ```
+    fn with_activation_policy(&mut self, activation_policy: ActivationPolicy) -> &mut Self;
+
+    /// Used to control whether a default menubar menu is created.
+    ///
+    /// Menu creation is enabled by default.
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// Disable creating a default menubar.
+    ///
+    /// ```
+    /// use winit::event_loop::EventLoopBuilder;
+    /// #[cfg(target_os = "macos")]
+    /// use winit::platform::macos::EventLoopBuilderExtMacOS;
+    ///
+    /// let mut builder = EventLoopBuilder::new();
+    /// #[cfg(target_os = "macos")]
+    /// builder.with_default_menu(false);
+    /// # if false { // We can't test this part
+    /// let event_loop = builder.build();
+    /// # }
+    /// ```
+    fn with_default_menu(&mut self, enable: bool) -> &mut Self;
+
+    /// Used to prevent the application from automatically activating when launched if
+    /// another application is already active.
+    ///
+    /// The default behavior is to ignore other applications and activate when launched.
+    fn with_activate_ignoring_other_apps(&mut self, ignore: bool) -> &mut Self;
+}
+
+impl<T> EventLoopBuilderExtMacOS for EventLoopBuilder<T> {
+    #[inline]
+    fn with_activation_policy(&mut self, activation_policy: ActivationPolicy) -> &mut Self {
+        self.platform_specific.activation_policy = activation_policy;
+        self
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn with_default_menu(&mut self, enable: bool) -> &mut Self {
+        self.platform_specific.default_menu = enable;
+        self
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn with_activate_ignoring_other_apps(&mut self, ignore: bool) -> &mut Self {
+        self.platform_specific.activate_ignoring_other_apps = ignore;
+        self
+    }
+}
+
+/// Additional methods on [`MonitorHandle`] that are specific to MacOS.
 pub trait MonitorHandleExtMacOS {
     /// Returns the identifier of the monitor for Cocoa.
     fn native_id(&self) -> u32;
@@ -227,11 +323,11 @@ impl MonitorHandleExtMacOS for MonitorHandle {
     }
 
     fn ns_screen(&self) -> Option<*mut c_void> {
-        self.inner.ns_screen().map(|s| s as *mut c_void)
+        self.inner.ns_screen().map(|s| Id::as_ptr(&s) as _)
     }
 }
 
-/// Additional methods on `EventLoopWindowTarget` that are specific to macOS.
+/// Additional methods on [`EventLoopWindowTarget`] that are specific to macOS.
 pub trait EventLoopWindowTargetExtMacOS {
     /// Hide the entire application. In most applications this is typically triggered with Command-H.
     fn hide_application(&self);
@@ -241,14 +337,35 @@ pub trait EventLoopWindowTargetExtMacOS {
 
 impl<T> EventLoopWindowTargetExtMacOS for EventLoopWindowTarget<T> {
     fn hide_application(&self) {
-        let cls = objc::runtime::Class::get("NSApplication").unwrap();
-        let app: cocoa::base::id = unsafe { msg_send![cls, sharedApplication] };
-        unsafe { msg_send![app, hide: 0] }
+        self.p.hide_application()
     }
 
     fn hide_other_applications(&self) {
-        let cls = objc::runtime::Class::get("NSApplication").unwrap();
-        let app: cocoa::base::id = unsafe { msg_send![cls, sharedApplication] };
-        unsafe { msg_send![app, hideOtherApplications: 0] }
+        self.p.hide_other_applications()
+    }
+}
+
+/// Option as alt behavior.
+///
+/// The default is `None`.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
+pub enum OptionAsAlt {
+    /// The left `Option` key is treated as `Alt`.
+    OnlyLeft,
+
+    /// The right `Option` key is treated as `Alt`.
+    OnlyRight,
+
+    /// Both `Option` keys are treated as `Alt`.
+    Both,
+
+    /// No special handling is applied for `Option` key.
+    None,
+}
+
+impl Default for OptionAsAlt {
+    fn default() -> Self {
+        OptionAsAlt::None
     }
 }

src/platform/mod.rs

@@ -15,11 +15,29 @@
 //!
 //! However only the module corresponding to the platform you're compiling to will be available.
 
+#[cfg(android_platform)]
 pub mod android;
+#[cfg(ios_platform)]
 pub mod ios;
+#[cfg(macos_platform)]
 pub mod macos;
-pub mod unix;
-pub mod windows;
-
-pub mod run_return;
+#[cfg(orbital_platform)]
+pub mod orbital;
+#[cfg(wayland_platform)]
+pub mod wayland;
+#[cfg(wasm_platform)]
 pub mod web;
+#[cfg(windows_platform)]
+pub mod windows;
+#[cfg(x11_platform)]
+pub mod x11;
+
+#[cfg(any(
+    windows_platform,
+    macos_platform,
+    android_platform,
+    x11_platform,
+    wayland_platform,
+    orbital_platform
+))]
+pub mod run_return;

src/platform/orbital.rs

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+// There are no Orbital specific traits yet.

src/platform/run_return.rs

@@ -1,30 +1,20 @@
-#![cfg(any(
-    target_os = "windows",
-    target_os = "macos",
-    target_os = "android",
-    target_os = "linux",
-    target_os = "dragonfly",
-    target_os = "freebsd",
-    target_os = "netbsd",
-    target_os = "openbsd"
-))]
-
 use crate::{
     event::Event,
     event_loop::{ControlFlow, EventLoop, EventLoopWindowTarget},
 };
 
-/// Additional methods on `EventLoop` to return control flow to the caller.
+/// Additional methods on [`EventLoop`] to return control flow to the caller.
 pub trait EventLoopExtRunReturn {
-    /// A type provided by the user that can be passed through `Event::UserEvent`.
+    /// A type provided by the user that can be passed through [`Event::UserEvent`].
     type UserEvent;
 
     /// Initializes the `winit` event loop.
     ///
-    /// Unlike `run`, this function accepts non-`'static` (i.e. non-`move`) closures and returns
-    /// control flow to the caller when `control_flow` is set to `ControlFlow::Exit`.
+    /// Unlike [`EventLoop::run`], this function accepts non-`'static` (i.e. non-`move`) closures
+    /// and returns control flow to the caller when `control_flow` is set to [`ControlFlow::Exit`].
     ///
     /// # Caveats
+    ///
     /// Despite its appearance at first glance, this is *not* a perfect replacement for
     /// `poll_events`. For example, this function will not return on Windows or macOS while a
     /// window is getting resized, resulting in all application logic outside of the
@@ -33,7 +23,12 @@ pub trait EventLoopExtRunReturn {
     /// underlying OS APIs, which cannot be hidden by `winit` without severe stability repercussions.
     ///
     /// You are strongly encouraged to use `run`, unless the use of this is absolutely necessary.
-    fn run_return<F>(&mut self, event_handler: F)
+    ///
+    /// ## Platform-specific
+    ///
+    /// - **X11 / Wayland:** This function returns `1` upon disconnection from
+    ///   the display server.
+    fn run_return<F>(&mut self, event_handler: F) -> i32
     where
         F: FnMut(
             Event<'_, Self::UserEvent>,
@@ -45,7 +40,7 @@ pub trait EventLoopExtRunReturn {
 impl<T> EventLoopExtRunReturn for EventLoop<T> {
     type UserEvent = T;
 
-    fn run_return<F>(&mut self, event_handler: F)
+    fn run_return<F>(&mut self, event_handler: F) -> i32
     where
         F: FnMut(
             Event<'_, Self::UserEvent>,

src/platform/unix.rs

@@ -1,531 +0,0 @@
-#![cfg(any(
-    target_os = "linux",
-    target_os = "dragonfly",
-    target_os = "freebsd",
-    target_os = "netbsd",
-    target_os = "openbsd"
-))]
-
-use std::os::raw;
-#[cfg(feature = "x11")]
-use std::{ptr, sync::Arc};
-
-use crate::{
-    event_loop::{EventLoop, EventLoopWindowTarget},
-    monitor::MonitorHandle,
-    window::{Window, WindowBuilder},
-};
-
-#[cfg(feature = "x11")]
-use crate::dpi::Size;
-#[cfg(feature = "x11")]
-use crate::platform_impl::x11::{ffi::XVisualInfo, XConnection};
-use crate::platform_impl::{
-    EventLoop as LinuxEventLoop, EventLoopWindowTarget as LinuxEventLoopWindowTarget,
-    Window as LinuxWindow,
-};
-
-// TODO: stupid hack so that glutin can do its work
-#[doc(hidden)]
-#[cfg(feature = "x11")]
-pub use crate::platform_impl::x11;
-#[cfg(feature = "x11")]
-pub use crate::platform_impl::{x11::util::WindowType as XWindowType, XNotSupported};
-
-/// Additional methods on `EventLoopWindowTarget` that are specific to Unix.
-pub trait EventLoopWindowTargetExtUnix {
-    /// True if the `EventLoopWindowTarget` uses Wayland.
-    #[cfg(feature = "wayland")]
-    fn is_wayland(&self) -> bool;
-
-    /// True if the `EventLoopWindowTarget` uses X11.
-    #[cfg(feature = "x11")]
-    fn is_x11(&self) -> bool;
-
-    #[doc(hidden)]
-    #[cfg(feature = "x11")]
-    fn xlib_xconnection(&self) -> Option<Arc<XConnection>>;
-
-    /// Returns a pointer to the `wl_display` object of wayland that is used by this
-    /// `EventLoopWindowTarget`.
-    ///
-    /// Returns `None` if the `EventLoop` doesn't use wayland (if it uses xlib for example).
-    ///
-    /// The pointer will become invalid when the winit `EventLoop` is destroyed.
-    #[cfg(feature = "wayland")]
-    fn wayland_display(&self) -> Option<*mut raw::c_void>;
-}
-
-impl<T> EventLoopWindowTargetExtUnix for EventLoopWindowTarget<T> {
-    #[inline]
-    #[cfg(feature = "wayland")]
-    fn is_wayland(&self) -> bool {
-        self.p.is_wayland()
-    }
-
-    #[inline]
-    #[cfg(feature = "x11")]
-    fn is_x11(&self) -> bool {
-        !self.p.is_wayland()
-    }
-
-    #[inline]
-    #[doc(hidden)]
-    #[cfg(feature = "x11")]
-    fn xlib_xconnection(&self) -> Option<Arc<XConnection>> {
-        match self.p {
-            LinuxEventLoopWindowTarget::X(ref e) => Some(e.x_connection().clone()),
-            #[cfg(feature = "wayland")]
-            _ => None,
-        }
-    }
-
-    #[inline]
-    #[cfg(feature = "wayland")]
-    fn wayland_display(&self) -> Option<*mut raw::c_void> {
-        match self.p {
-            LinuxEventLoopWindowTarget::Wayland(ref p) => {
-                Some(p.display().get_display_ptr() as *mut _)
-            }
-            #[cfg(feature = "x11")]
-            _ => None,
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-/// Additional methods on `EventLoop` that are specific to Unix.
-pub trait EventLoopExtUnix {
-    /// Builds a new `EventLoop` that is forced to use X11.
-    ///
-    /// # Panics
-    ///
-    /// If called outside the main thread. To initialize an X11 event loop outside
-    /// the main thread, use [`new_x11_any_thread`](#tymethod.new_x11_any_thread).
-    #[cfg(feature = "x11")]
-    fn new_x11() -> Result<Self, XNotSupported>
-    where
-        Self: Sized;
-
-    /// Builds a new `EventLoop` that is forced to use Wayland.
-    ///
-    /// # Panics
-    ///
-    /// If called outside the main thread. To initialize a Wayland event loop outside
-    /// the main thread, use [`new_wayland_any_thread`](#tymethod.new_wayland_any_thread).
-    #[cfg(feature = "wayland")]
-    fn new_wayland() -> Self
-    where
-        Self: Sized;
-
-    /// Builds a new `EventLoop` on any thread.
-    ///
-    /// This method bypasses the cross-platform compatibility requirement
-    /// that `EventLoop` be created on the main thread.
-    fn new_any_thread() -> Self
-    where
-        Self: Sized;
-
-    /// Builds a new X11 `EventLoop` on any thread.
-    ///
-    /// This method bypasses the cross-platform compatibility requirement
-    /// that `EventLoop` be created on the main thread.
-    #[cfg(feature = "x11")]
-    fn new_x11_any_thread() -> Result<Self, XNotSupported>
-    where
-        Self: Sized;
-
-    /// Builds a new Wayland `EventLoop` on any thread.
-    ///
-    /// This method bypasses the cross-platform compatibility requirement
-    /// that `EventLoop` be created on the main thread.
-    #[cfg(feature = "wayland")]
-    fn new_wayland_any_thread() -> Self
-    where
-        Self: Sized;
-}
-
-fn wrap_ev<T>(event_loop: LinuxEventLoop<T>) -> EventLoop<T> {
-    EventLoop {
-        event_loop,
-        _marker: std::marker::PhantomData,
-    }
-}
-
-impl<T> EventLoopExtUnix for EventLoop<T> {
-    #[inline]
-    fn new_any_thread() -> Self {
-        wrap_ev(LinuxEventLoop::new_any_thread())
-    }
-
-    #[inline]
-    #[cfg(feature = "x11")]
-    fn new_x11_any_thread() -> Result<Self, XNotSupported> {
-        LinuxEventLoop::new_x11_any_thread().map(wrap_ev)
-    }
-
-    #[inline]
-    #[cfg(feature = "wayland")]
-    fn new_wayland_any_thread() -> Self {
-        wrap_ev(
-            LinuxEventLoop::new_wayland_any_thread()
-                // TODO: propagate
-                .expect("failed to open Wayland connection"),
-        )
-    }
-
-    #[inline]
-    #[cfg(feature = "x11")]
-    fn new_x11() -> Result<Self, XNotSupported> {
-        LinuxEventLoop::new_x11().map(wrap_ev)
-    }
-
-    #[inline]
-    #[cfg(feature = "wayland")]
-    fn new_wayland() -> Self {
-        wrap_ev(
-            LinuxEventLoop::new_wayland()
-                // TODO: propagate
-                .expect("failed to open Wayland connection"),
-        )
-    }
-}
-
-/// Additional methods on `Window` that are specific to Unix.
-pub trait WindowExtUnix {
-    /// Returns the ID of the `Window` xlib object that is used by this window.
-    ///
-    /// Returns `None` if the window doesn't use xlib (if it uses wayland for example).
-    #[cfg(feature = "x11")]
-    fn xlib_window(&self) -> Option<raw::c_ulong>;
-
-    /// Returns a pointer to the `Display` object of xlib that is used by this window.
-    ///
-    /// Returns `None` if the window doesn't use xlib (if it uses wayland for example).
-    ///
-    /// The pointer will become invalid when the glutin `Window` is destroyed.
-    #[cfg(feature = "x11")]
-    fn xlib_display(&self) -> Option<*mut raw::c_void>;
-
-    #[cfg(feature = "x11")]
-    fn xlib_screen_id(&self) -> Option<raw::c_int>;
-
-    #[doc(hidden)]
-    #[cfg(feature = "x11")]
-    fn xlib_xconnection(&self) -> Option<Arc<XConnection>>;
-
-    /// This function returns the underlying `xcb_connection_t` of an xlib `Display`.
-    ///
-    /// Returns `None` if the window doesn't use xlib (if it uses wayland for example).
-    ///
-    /// The pointer will become invalid when the glutin `Window` is destroyed.
-    #[cfg(feature = "x11")]
-    fn xcb_connection(&self) -> Option<*mut raw::c_void>;
-
-    /// Returns a pointer to the `wl_surface` object of wayland that is used by this window.
-    ///
-    /// Returns `None` if the window doesn't use wayland (if it uses xlib for example).
-    ///
-    /// The pointer will become invalid when the glutin `Window` is destroyed.
-    #[cfg(feature = "wayland")]
-    fn wayland_surface(&self) -> Option<*mut raw::c_void>;
-
-    /// Returns a pointer to the `wl_display` object of wayland that is used by this window.
-    ///
-    /// Returns `None` if the window doesn't use wayland (if it uses xlib for example).
-    ///
-    /// The pointer will become invalid when the glutin `Window` is destroyed.
-    #[cfg(feature = "wayland")]
-    fn wayland_display(&self) -> Option<*mut raw::c_void>;
-
-    /// Sets the color theme of the client side window decorations on wayland
-    #[cfg(feature = "wayland")]
-    fn set_wayland_theme<T: Theme>(&self, theme: T);
-
-    /// Check if the window is ready for drawing
-    ///
-    /// It is a remnant of a previous implementation detail for the
-    /// wayland backend, and is no longer relevant.
-    ///
-    /// Always return true.
-    #[deprecated]
-    fn is_ready(&self) -> bool;
-}
-
-impl WindowExtUnix for Window {
-    #[inline]
-    #[cfg(feature = "x11")]
-    fn xlib_window(&self) -> Option<raw::c_ulong> {
-        match self.window {
-            LinuxWindow::X(ref w) => Some(w.xlib_window()),
-            #[cfg(feature = "wayland")]
-            _ => None,
-        }
-    }
-
-    #[inline]
-    #[cfg(feature = "x11")]
-    fn xlib_display(&self) -> Option<*mut raw::c_void> {
-        match self.window {
-            LinuxWindow::X(ref w) => Some(w.xlib_display()),
-            #[cfg(feature = "wayland")]
-            _ => None,
-        }
-    }
-
-    #[inline]
-    #[cfg(feature = "x11")]
-    fn xlib_screen_id(&self) -> Option<raw::c_int> {
-        match self.window {
-            LinuxWindow::X(ref w) => Some(w.xlib_screen_id()),
-            #[cfg(feature = "wayland")]
-            _ => None,
-        }
-    }
-
-    #[inline]
-    #[doc(hidden)]
-    #[cfg(feature = "x11")]
-    fn xlib_xconnection(&self) -> Option<Arc<XConnection>> {
-        match self.window {
-            LinuxWindow::X(ref w) => Some(w.xlib_xconnection()),
-            #[cfg(feature = "wayland")]
-            _ => None,
-        }
-    }
-
-    #[inline]
-    #[cfg(feature = "x11")]
-    fn xcb_connection(&self) -> Option<*mut raw::c_void> {
-        match self.window {
-            LinuxWindow::X(ref w) => Some(w.xcb_connection()),
-            #[cfg(feature = "wayland")]
-            _ => None,
-        }
-    }
-
-    #[inline]
-    #[cfg(feature = "wayland")]
-    fn wayland_surface(&self) -> Option<*mut raw::c_void> {
-        match self.window {
-            LinuxWindow::Wayland(ref w) => Some(w.surface().as_ref().c_ptr() as *mut _),
-            #[cfg(feature = "x11")]
-            _ => None,
-        }
-    }
-
-    #[inline]
-    #[cfg(feature = "wayland")]
-    fn wayland_display(&self) -> Option<*mut raw::c_void> {
-        match self.window {
-            LinuxWindow::Wayland(ref w) => Some(w.display().get_display_ptr() as *mut _),
-            #[cfg(feature = "x11")]
-            _ => None,
-        }
-    }
-
-    #[inline]
-    #[cfg(feature = "wayland")]
-    fn set_wayland_theme<T: Theme>(&self, theme: T) {
-        match self.window {
-            LinuxWindow::Wayland(ref w) => w.set_theme(theme),
-            #[cfg(feature = "x11")]
-            _ => {}
-        }
-    }
-
-    #[inline]
-    fn is_ready(&self) -> bool {
-        true
-    }
-}
-
-/// Additional methods on `WindowBuilder` that are specific to Unix.
-pub trait WindowBuilderExtUnix {
-    #[cfg(feature = "x11")]
-    fn with_x11_visual<T>(self, visual_infos: *const T) -> Self;
-    #[cfg(feature = "x11")]
-    fn with_x11_screen(self, screen_id: i32) -> Self;
-
-    /// Build window with `WM_CLASS` hint; defaults to the name of the binary. Only relevant on X11.
-    #[cfg(feature = "x11")]
-    fn with_class(self, class: String, instance: String) -> Self;
-    /// Build window with override-redirect flag; defaults to false. Only relevant on X11.
-    #[cfg(feature = "x11")]
-    fn with_override_redirect(self, override_redirect: bool) -> Self;
-    /// Build window with `_NET_WM_WINDOW_TYPE` hints; defaults to `Normal`. Only relevant on X11.
-    #[cfg(feature = "x11")]
-    fn with_x11_window_type(self, x11_window_type: Vec<XWindowType>) -> Self;
-    /// Build window with `_GTK_THEME_VARIANT` hint set to the specified value. Currently only relevant on X11.
-    #[cfg(feature = "x11")]
-    fn with_gtk_theme_variant(self, variant: String) -> Self;
-    /// Build window with resize increment hint. Only implemented on X11.
-    #[cfg(feature = "x11")]
-    fn with_resize_increments<S: Into<Size>>(self, increments: S) -> Self;
-    /// Build window with base size hint. Only implemented on X11.
-    #[cfg(feature = "x11")]
-    fn with_base_size<S: Into<Size>>(self, base_size: S) -> Self;
-
-    /// Build window with a given application ID. It should match the `.desktop` file distributed with
-    /// your program. Only relevant on Wayland.
-    ///
-    /// For details about application ID conventions, see the
-    /// [Desktop Entry Spec](https://specifications.freedesktop.org/desktop-entry-spec/desktop-entry-spec-latest.html#desktop-file-id)
-    #[cfg(feature = "wayland")]
-    fn with_app_id(self, app_id: String) -> Self;
-}
-
-impl WindowBuilderExtUnix for WindowBuilder {
-    #[inline]
-    #[cfg(feature = "x11")]
-    fn with_x11_visual<T>(mut self, visual_infos: *const T) -> Self {
-        {
-            self.platform_specific.visual_infos =
-                Some(unsafe { ptr::read(visual_infos as *const XVisualInfo) });
-        }
-        self
-    }
-
-    #[inline]
-    #[cfg(feature = "x11")]
-    fn with_x11_screen(mut self, screen_id: i32) -> Self {
-        self.platform_specific.screen_id = Some(screen_id);
-        self
-    }
-
-    #[inline]
-    #[cfg(feature = "x11")]
-    fn with_class(mut self, instance: String, class: String) -> Self {
-        self.platform_specific.class = Some((instance, class));
-        self
-    }
-
-    #[inline]
-    #[cfg(feature = "x11")]
-    fn with_override_redirect(mut self, override_redirect: bool) -> Self {
-        self.platform_specific.override_redirect = override_redirect;
-        self
-    }
-
-    #[inline]
-    #[cfg(feature = "x11")]
-    fn with_x11_window_type(mut self, x11_window_types: Vec<XWindowType>) -> Self {
-        self.platform_specific.x11_window_types = x11_window_types;
-        self
-    }
-
-    #[inline]
-    #[cfg(feature = "x11")]
-    fn with_gtk_theme_variant(mut self, variant: String) -> Self {
-        self.platform_specific.gtk_theme_variant = Some(variant);
-        self
-    }
-
-    #[inline]
-    #[cfg(feature = "x11")]
-    fn with_resize_increments<S: Into<Size>>(mut self, increments: S) -> Self {
-        self.platform_specific.resize_increments = Some(increments.into());
-        self
-    }
-
-    #[inline]
-    #[cfg(feature = "x11")]
-    fn with_base_size<S: Into<Size>>(mut self, base_size: S) -> Self {
-        self.platform_specific.base_size = Some(base_size.into());
-        self
-    }
-
-    #[inline]
-    #[cfg(feature = "wayland")]
-    fn with_app_id(mut self, app_id: String) -> Self {
-        self.platform_specific.app_id = Some(app_id);
-        self
-    }
-}
-
-/// Additional methods on `MonitorHandle` that are specific to Linux.
-pub trait MonitorHandleExtUnix {
-    /// Returns the inner identifier of the monitor.
-    fn native_id(&self) -> u32;
-}
-
-impl MonitorHandleExtUnix for MonitorHandle {
-    #[inline]
-    fn native_id(&self) -> u32 {
-        self.inner.native_identifier()
-    }
-}
-
-/// A theme for a Wayland's client side decorations.
-#[cfg(feature = "wayland")]
-pub trait Theme: Send + 'static {
-    /// Title bar color.
-    fn element_color(&self, element: Element, window_active: bool) -> ARGBColor;
-
-    /// Color for a given button part.
-    fn button_color(
-        &self,
-        button: Button,
-        state: ButtonState,
-        foreground: bool,
-        window_active: bool,
-    ) -> ARGBColor;
-
-    /// Font name and the size for the title bar.
-    ///
-    /// By default the font is `sans-serif` at the size of 17.
-    ///
-    /// Returning `None` means that title won't be drawn.
-    fn font(&self) -> Option<(String, f32)> {
-        // Not having any title isn't something desirable for the users, so setting it to
-        // something generic.
-        Some((String::from("sans-serif"), 17.))
-    }
-}
-
-/// A button on Wayland's client side decorations.
-#[cfg(feature = "wayland")]
-#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
-pub enum Button {
-    /// Button that maximizes the window.
-    Maximize,
-
-    /// Button that minimizes the window.
-    Minimize,
-
-    /// Button that closes the window.
-    Close,
-}
-
-/// A button state of the button on Wayland's client side decorations.
-#[cfg(feature = "wayland")]
-#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
-pub enum ButtonState {
-    /// Button is being hovered over by pointer.
-    Hovered,
-    /// Button is not being hovered over by pointer.
-    Idle,
-    /// Button is disabled.
-    Disabled,
-}
-
-#[cfg(feature = "wayland")]
-#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
-pub enum Element {
-    /// Bar itself.
-    Bar,
-
-    /// Separator between window and title bar.
-    Separator,
-
-    /// Title bar text.
-    Text,
-}
-
-#[cfg(feature = "wayland")]
-#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
-pub struct ARGBColor {
-    pub a: u8,
-    pub r: u8,
-    pub g: u8,
-    pub b: u8,
-}

src/platform/wayland.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,144 @@
+use std::os::raw;
+
+use crate::{
+    event_loop::{EventLoopBuilder, EventLoopWindowTarget},
+    monitor::MonitorHandle,
+    window::{Window, WindowBuilder},
+};
+
+use crate::platform_impl::{
+    ApplicationName, Backend, EventLoopWindowTarget as LinuxEventLoopWindowTarget,
+    Window as LinuxWindow,
+};
+
+pub use crate::window::Theme;
+
+/// Additional methods on [`EventLoopWindowTarget`] that are specific to Wayland.
+pub trait EventLoopWindowTargetExtWayland {
+    /// True if the [`EventLoopWindowTarget`] uses Wayland.
+    fn is_wayland(&self) -> bool;
+
+    /// Returns a pointer to the `wl_display` object of wayland that is used by this
+    /// [`EventLoopWindowTarget`].
+    ///
+    /// Returns `None` if the [`EventLoop`] doesn't use wayland (if it uses xlib for example).
+    ///
+    /// The pointer will become invalid when the winit [`EventLoop`] is destroyed.
+    ///
+    /// [`EventLoop`]: crate::event_loop::EventLoop
+    fn wayland_display(&self) -> Option<*mut raw::c_void>;
+}
+
+impl<T> EventLoopWindowTargetExtWayland for EventLoopWindowTarget<T> {
+    #[inline]
+    fn is_wayland(&self) -> bool {
+        self.p.is_wayland()
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn wayland_display(&self) -> Option<*mut raw::c_void> {
+        match self.p {
+            LinuxEventLoopWindowTarget::Wayland(ref p) => {
+                Some(p.display().get_display_ptr() as *mut _)
+            }
+            #[cfg(x11_platform)]
+            _ => None,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Additional methods on [`EventLoopBuilder`] that are specific to Wayland.
+pub trait EventLoopBuilderExtWayland {
+    /// Force using Wayland.
+    fn with_wayland(&mut self) -> &mut Self;
+
+    /// Whether to allow the event loop to be created off of the main thread.
+    ///
+    /// By default, the window is only allowed to be created on the main
+    /// thread, to make platform compatibility easier.
+    fn with_any_thread(&mut self, any_thread: bool) -> &mut Self;
+}
+
+impl<T> EventLoopBuilderExtWayland for EventLoopBuilder<T> {
+    #[inline]
+    fn with_wayland(&mut self) -> &mut Self {
+        self.platform_specific.forced_backend = Some(Backend::Wayland);
+        self
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn with_any_thread(&mut self, any_thread: bool) -> &mut Self {
+        self.platform_specific.any_thread = any_thread;
+        self
+    }
+}
+
+/// Additional methods on [`Window`] that are specific to Wayland.
+pub trait WindowExtWayland {
+    /// Returns a pointer to the `wl_surface` object of wayland that is used by this window.
+    ///
+    /// Returns `None` if the window doesn't use wayland (if it uses xlib for example).
+    ///
+    /// The pointer will become invalid when the [`Window`] is destroyed.
+    fn wayland_surface(&self) -> Option<*mut raw::c_void>;
+
+    /// Returns a pointer to the `wl_display` object of wayland that is used by this window.
+    ///
+    /// Returns `None` if the window doesn't use wayland (if it uses xlib for example).
+    ///
+    /// The pointer will become invalid when the [`Window`] is destroyed.
+    fn wayland_display(&self) -> Option<*mut raw::c_void>;
+}
+
+impl WindowExtWayland for Window {
+    #[inline]
+    fn wayland_surface(&self) -> Option<*mut raw::c_void> {
+        match self.window {
+            LinuxWindow::Wayland(ref w) => Some(w.surface().as_ref().c_ptr() as *mut _),
+            #[cfg(x11_platform)]
+            _ => None,
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn wayland_display(&self) -> Option<*mut raw::c_void> {
+        match self.window {
+            LinuxWindow::Wayland(ref w) => Some(w.display().get_display_ptr() as *mut _),
+            #[cfg(x11_platform)]
+            _ => None,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Additional methods on [`WindowBuilder`] that are specific to Wayland.
+pub trait WindowBuilderExtWayland {
+    /// Build window with the given name.
+    ///
+    /// The `general` name sets an application ID, which should match the `.desktop`
+    /// file destributed with your program. The `instance` is a `no-op`.
+    ///
+    /// For details about application ID conventions, see the
+    /// [Desktop Entry Spec](https://specifications.freedesktop.org/desktop-entry-spec/desktop-entry-spec-latest.html#desktop-file-id)
+    fn with_name(self, general: impl Into<String>, instance: impl Into<String>) -> Self;
+}
+
+impl WindowBuilderExtWayland for WindowBuilder {
+    #[inline]
+    fn with_name(mut self, general: impl Into<String>, instance: impl Into<String>) -> Self {
+        self.platform_specific.name = Some(ApplicationName::new(general.into(), instance.into()));
+        self
+    }
+}
+
+/// Additional methods on `MonitorHandle` that are specific to Wayland.
+pub trait MonitorHandleExtWayland {
+    /// Returns the inner identifier of the monitor.
+    fn native_id(&self) -> u32;
+}
+
+impl MonitorHandleExtWayland for MonitorHandle {
+    #[inline]
+    fn native_id(&self) -> u32 {
+        self.inner.native_identifier()
+    }
+}

src/platform/web.rs

@@ -1,28 +1,16 @@
-#![cfg(target_arch = "wasm32")]
-
 //! The web target does not automatically insert the canvas element object into the web page, to
-//! allow end users to determine how the page should be laid out. Use the `WindowExtStdweb` or
-//! `WindowExtWebSys` traits (depending on your web backend) to retrieve the canvas from the
-//! Window. Alternatively, use the `WindowBuilderExtStdweb` or `WindowBuilderExtWebSys` to provide
-//! your own canvas.
+//! allow end users to determine how the page should be laid out. Use the [`WindowExtWebSys`] trait
+//! to retrieve the canvas from the Window. Alternatively, use the [`WindowBuilderExtWebSys`] trait
+//! to provide your own canvas.
 
+use crate::event::Event;
+use crate::event_loop::ControlFlow;
+use crate::event_loop::EventLoop;
+use crate::event_loop::EventLoopWindowTarget;
 use crate::window::WindowBuilder;
 
-#[cfg(feature = "stdweb")]
-use stdweb::web::html_element::CanvasElement;
-
-#[cfg(feature = "stdweb")]
-pub trait WindowExtStdweb {
-    fn canvas(&self) -> CanvasElement;
-
-    /// Whether the browser reports the preferred color scheme to be "dark".
-    fn is_dark_mode(&self) -> bool;
-}
-
-#[cfg(feature = "web-sys")]
 use web_sys::HtmlCanvasElement;
 
-#[cfg(feature = "web-sys")]
 pub trait WindowExtWebSys {
     fn canvas(&self) -> HtmlCanvasElement;
 
@@ -30,30 +18,72 @@ pub trait WindowExtWebSys {
     fn is_dark_mode(&self) -> bool;
 }
 
-#[cfg(feature = "stdweb")]
-pub trait WindowBuilderExtStdweb {
-    fn with_canvas(self, canvas: Option<CanvasElement>) -> Self;
-}
-
-#[cfg(feature = "stdweb")]
-impl WindowBuilderExtStdweb for WindowBuilder {
-    fn with_canvas(mut self, canvas: Option<CanvasElement>) -> Self {
-        self.platform_specific.canvas = canvas;
-
-        self
-    }
-}
-
-#[cfg(feature = "web-sys")]
 pub trait WindowBuilderExtWebSys {
     fn with_canvas(self, canvas: Option<HtmlCanvasElement>) -> Self;
+
+    /// Whether `event.preventDefault` should be automatically called to prevent event propagation
+    /// when appropriate.
+    ///
+    /// For example, mouse wheel events are only handled by the canvas by default. This avoids
+    /// the default behavior of scrolling the page.
+    fn with_prevent_default(self, prevent_default: bool) -> Self;
+
+    /// Whether the canvas should be focusable using the tab key. This is necessary to capture
+    /// canvas keyboard events.
+    fn with_focusable(self, focusable: bool) -> Self;
 }
 
-#[cfg(feature = "web-sys")]
 impl WindowBuilderExtWebSys for WindowBuilder {
     fn with_canvas(mut self, canvas: Option<HtmlCanvasElement>) -> Self {
         self.platform_specific.canvas = canvas;
 
         self
     }
+
+    fn with_prevent_default(mut self, prevent_default: bool) -> Self {
+        self.platform_specific.prevent_default = prevent_default;
+
+        self
+    }
+
+    fn with_focusable(mut self, focusable: bool) -> Self {
+        self.platform_specific.focusable = focusable;
+
+        self
+    }
+}
+
+/// Additional methods on `EventLoop` that are specific to the web.
+pub trait EventLoopExtWebSys {
+    /// A type provided by the user that can be passed through `Event::UserEvent`.
+    type UserEvent;
+
+    /// Initializes the winit event loop.
+    ///
+    /// Unlike `run`, this returns immediately, and doesn't throw an exception in order to
+    /// satisfy its `!` return type.
+    fn spawn<F>(self, event_handler: F)
+    where
+        F: 'static
+            + FnMut(
+                Event<'_, Self::UserEvent>,
+                &EventLoopWindowTarget<Self::UserEvent>,
+                &mut ControlFlow,
+            );
+}
+
+impl<T> EventLoopExtWebSys for EventLoop<T> {
+    type UserEvent = T;
+
+    fn spawn<F>(self, event_handler: F)
+    where
+        F: 'static
+            + FnMut(
+                Event<'_, Self::UserEvent>,
+                &EventLoopWindowTarget<Self::UserEvent>,
+                &mut ControlFlow,
+            ),
+    {
+        self.event_loop.spawn(event_handler)
+    }
 }

src/platform/windows.rs

@@ -1,82 +1,122 @@
-#![cfg(target_os = "windows")]
-
-use std::os::raw::c_void;
-use std::path::Path;
-
-use libc;
-use winapi::shared::minwindef::WORD;
-use winapi::shared::windef::{HMENU, HWND};
+use std::{ffi::c_void, path::Path};
 
 use crate::{
     dpi::PhysicalSize,
     event::DeviceId,
-    event_loop::EventLoop,
+    event_loop::EventLoopBuilder,
     monitor::MonitorHandle,
-    platform_impl::{EventLoop as WindowsEventLoop, Parent, WinIcon},
-    window::{BadIcon, Icon, Theme, Window, WindowBuilder},
+    platform_impl::WinIcon,
+    window::{BadIcon, Icon, Window, WindowBuilder},
 };
 
+/// Window Handle type used by Win32 API
+pub type HWND = isize;
+/// Menu Handle type used by Win32 API
+pub type HMENU = isize;
+/// Monitor Handle type used by Win32 API
+pub type HMONITOR = isize;
+/// Instance Handle type used by Win32 API
+pub type HINSTANCE = isize;
+
 /// Additional methods on `EventLoop` that are specific to Windows.
-pub trait EventLoopExtWindows {
-    /// Creates an event loop off of the main thread.
+pub trait EventLoopBuilderExtWindows {
+    /// Whether to allow the event loop to be created off of the main thread.
+    ///
+    /// By default, the window is only allowed to be created on the main
+    /// thread, to make platform compatibility easier.
     ///
     /// # `Window` caveats
     ///
     /// Note that any `Window` created on the new thread will be destroyed when the thread
     /// terminates. Attempting to use a `Window` after its parent thread terminates has
     /// unspecified, although explicitly not undefined, behavior.
-    fn new_any_thread() -> Self
-    where
-        Self: Sized;
+    fn with_any_thread(&mut self, any_thread: bool) -> &mut Self;
 
-    /// By default, winit on Windows will attempt to enable process-wide DPI awareness. If that's
-    /// undesirable, you can create an `EventLoop` using this function instead.
-    fn new_dpi_unaware() -> Self
-    where
-        Self: Sized;
-
-    /// Creates a DPI-unaware event loop off of the main thread.
+    /// Whether to enable process-wide DPI awareness.
     ///
-    /// The `Window` caveats in [`new_any_thread`](EventLoopExtWindows::new_any_thread) also apply here.
-    fn new_dpi_unaware_any_thread() -> Self
+    /// By default, `winit` will attempt to enable process-wide DPI awareness. If
+    /// that's undesirable, you can disable it with this function.
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// Disable process-wide DPI awareness.
+    ///
+    /// ```
+    /// use winit::event_loop::EventLoopBuilder;
+    /// #[cfg(target_os = "windows")]
+    /// use winit::platform::windows::EventLoopBuilderExtWindows;
+    ///
+    /// let mut builder = EventLoopBuilder::new();
+    /// #[cfg(target_os = "windows")]
+    /// builder.with_dpi_aware(false);
+    /// # if false { // We can't test this part
+    /// let event_loop = builder.build();
+    /// # }
+    /// ```
+    fn with_dpi_aware(&mut self, dpi_aware: bool) -> &mut Self;
+
+    /// A callback to be executed before dispatching a win32 message to the window procedure.
+    /// Return true to disable winit's internal message dispatching.
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// ```
+    /// # use windows_sys::Win32::UI::WindowsAndMessaging::{ACCEL, CreateAcceleratorTableW, TranslateAcceleratorW, DispatchMessageW, TranslateMessage, MSG};
+    /// use winit::event_loop::EventLoopBuilder;
+    /// #[cfg(target_os = "windows")]
+    /// use winit::platform::windows::EventLoopBuilderExtWindows;
+    ///
+    /// let mut builder = EventLoopBuilder::new();
+    /// #[cfg(target_os = "windows")]
+    /// builder.with_msg_hook(|msg|{
+    ///     let msg = msg as *const MSG;
+    /// #   let accels: Vec<ACCEL> = Vec::new();
+    ///     let translated = unsafe {
+    ///         TranslateAcceleratorW(
+    ///             (*msg).hwnd,
+    ///             CreateAcceleratorTableW(accels.as_ptr() as _, 1),
+    ///             msg,
+    ///         ) == 1
+    ///     };
+    ///     translated
+    /// });
+    /// ```
+    fn with_msg_hook<F>(&mut self, callback: F) -> &mut Self
     where
-        Self: Sized;
+        F: FnMut(*const c_void) -> bool + 'static;
 }
 
-impl<T> EventLoopExtWindows for EventLoop<T> {
+impl<T> EventLoopBuilderExtWindows for EventLoopBuilder<T> {
     #[inline]
-    fn new_any_thread() -> Self {
-        EventLoop {
-            event_loop: WindowsEventLoop::new_any_thread(),
-            _marker: ::std::marker::PhantomData,
-        }
+    fn with_any_thread(&mut self, any_thread: bool) -> &mut Self {
+        self.platform_specific.any_thread = any_thread;
+        self
     }
 
     #[inline]
-    fn new_dpi_unaware() -> Self {
-        EventLoop {
-            event_loop: WindowsEventLoop::new_dpi_unaware(),
-            _marker: ::std::marker::PhantomData,
-        }
+    fn with_dpi_aware(&mut self, dpi_aware: bool) -> &mut Self {
+        self.platform_specific.dpi_aware = dpi_aware;
+        self
     }
 
     #[inline]
-    fn new_dpi_unaware_any_thread() -> Self {
-        EventLoop {
-            event_loop: WindowsEventLoop::new_dpi_unaware_any_thread(),
-            _marker: ::std::marker::PhantomData,
-        }
+    fn with_msg_hook<F>(&mut self, callback: F) -> &mut Self
+    where
+        F: FnMut(*const c_void) -> bool + 'static,
+    {
+        self.platform_specific.msg_hook = Some(Box::new(callback));
+        self
     }
 }
 
 /// Additional methods on `Window` that are specific to Windows.
 pub trait WindowExtWindows {
     /// Returns the HINSTANCE of the window
-    fn hinstance(&self) -> *mut libc::c_void;
+    fn hinstance(&self) -> HINSTANCE;
     /// Returns the native handle that is used by this window.
     ///
     /// The pointer will become invalid when the native window was destroyed.
-    fn hwnd(&self) -> *mut libc::c_void;
+    fn hwnd(&self) -> HWND;
 
     /// Enables or disables mouse and keyboard input to the specified window.
     ///
@@ -96,26 +136,29 @@ pub trait WindowExtWindows {
     /// This sets `ICON_BIG`. A good ceiling here is 256x256.
     fn set_taskbar_icon(&self, taskbar_icon: Option<Icon>);
 
-    /// Returns the current window theme.
-    fn theme(&self) -> Theme;
+    /// Whether to show or hide the window icon in the taskbar.
+    fn set_skip_taskbar(&self, skip: bool);
+
+    /// Shows or hides the background drop shadow for undecorated windows.
+    ///
+    /// Enabling the shadow causes a thin 1px line to appear on the top of the window.
+    fn set_undecorated_shadow(&self, shadow: bool);
 }
 
 impl WindowExtWindows for Window {
     #[inline]
-    fn hinstance(&self) -> *mut libc::c_void {
-        self.window.hinstance() as *mut _
+    fn hinstance(&self) -> HINSTANCE {
+        self.window.hinstance()
     }
 
     #[inline]
-    fn hwnd(&self) -> *mut libc::c_void {
-        self.window.hwnd() as *mut _
+    fn hwnd(&self) -> HWND {
+        self.window.hwnd()
     }
 
     #[inline]
     fn set_enable(&self, enabled: bool) {
-        unsafe {
-            winapi::um::winuser::EnableWindow(self.hwnd() as _, enabled as _);
-        }
+        self.window.set_enable(enabled)
     }
 
     #[inline]
@@ -124,21 +167,20 @@ impl WindowExtWindows for Window {
     }
 
     #[inline]
-    fn theme(&self) -> Theme {
-        self.window.theme()
+    fn set_skip_taskbar(&self, skip: bool) {
+        self.window.set_skip_taskbar(skip)
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn set_undecorated_shadow(&self, shadow: bool) {
+        self.window.set_undecorated_shadow(shadow)
     }
 }
 
 /// Additional methods on `WindowBuilder` that are specific to Windows.
 pub trait WindowBuilderExtWindows {
-    /// Sets a parent to the window to be created.
-    ///
-    /// A child window has the WS_CHILD style and is confined to the client area of its parent window.
-    ///
-    /// For more information, see <https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/winmsg/window-features#child-windows>
-    fn with_parent_window(self, parent: HWND) -> WindowBuilder;
-
     /// Set an owner to the window to be created. Can be used to create a dialog box, for example.
+    /// This only works when [`WindowBuilder::with_parent_window`] isn't called or set to `None`.
     /// Can be used in combination with [`WindowExtWindows::set_enable(false)`](WindowExtWindows::set_enable)
     /// on the owner window to create a modal dialog box.
     ///
@@ -154,10 +196,12 @@ pub trait WindowBuilderExtWindows {
     ///
     /// Parent and menu are mutually exclusive; a child window cannot have a menu!
     ///
-    /// The menu must have been manually created beforehand with [`winapi::um::winuser::CreateMenu`] or similar.
+    /// The menu must have been manually created beforehand with [`CreateMenu`] or similar.
     ///
     /// Note: Dark mode cannot be supported for win32 menus, it's simply not possible to change how the menus look.
     /// If you use this, it is recommended that you combine it with `with_theme(Some(Theme::Light))` to avoid a jarring effect.
+    ///
+    /// [`CreateMenu`]: windows_sys::Win32::UI::WindowsAndMessaging::CreateMenu
     fn with_menu(self, menu: HMENU) -> WindowBuilder;
 
     /// This sets `ICON_BIG`. A good ceiling here is 256x256.
@@ -174,20 +218,20 @@ pub trait WindowBuilderExtWindows {
     /// See <https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/api/objbase/nf-objbase-coinitialize#remarks> for more information.
     fn with_drag_and_drop(self, flag: bool) -> WindowBuilder;
 
-    /// Forces a theme or uses the system settings if `None` was provided.
-    fn with_theme(self, theme: Option<Theme>) -> WindowBuilder;
+    /// Whether show or hide the window icon in the taskbar.
+    fn with_skip_taskbar(self, skip: bool) -> WindowBuilder;
+
+    /// Shows or hides the background drop shadow for undecorated windows.
+    ///
+    /// The shadow is hidden by default.
+    /// Enabling the shadow causes a thin 1px line to appear on the top of the window.
+    fn with_undecorated_shadow(self, shadow: bool) -> WindowBuilder;
 }
 
 impl WindowBuilderExtWindows for WindowBuilder {
-    #[inline]
-    fn with_parent_window(mut self, parent: HWND) -> WindowBuilder {
-        self.platform_specific.parent = Parent::ChildOf(parent);
-        self
-    }
-
     #[inline]
     fn with_owner_window(mut self, parent: HWND) -> WindowBuilder {
-        self.platform_specific.parent = Parent::OwnedBy(parent);
+        self.platform_specific.owner = Some(parent);
         self
     }
 
@@ -216,8 +260,14 @@ impl WindowBuilderExtWindows for WindowBuilder {
     }
 
     #[inline]
-    fn with_theme(mut self, theme: Option<Theme>) -> WindowBuilder {
-        self.platform_specific.preferred_theme = theme;
+    fn with_skip_taskbar(mut self, skip: bool) -> WindowBuilder {
+        self.platform_specific.skip_taskbar = skip;
+        self
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn with_undecorated_shadow(mut self, shadow: bool) -> WindowBuilder {
+        self.platform_specific.decoration_shadow = shadow;
         self
     }
 }
@@ -228,7 +278,7 @@ pub trait MonitorHandleExtWindows {
     fn native_id(&self) -> String;
 
     /// Returns the handle of the monitor - `HMONITOR`.
-    fn hmonitor(&self) -> *mut c_void;
+    fn hmonitor(&self) -> HMONITOR;
 }
 
 impl MonitorHandleExtWindows for MonitorHandle {
@@ -238,8 +288,8 @@ impl MonitorHandleExtWindows for MonitorHandle {
     }
 
     #[inline]
-    fn hmonitor(&self) -> *mut c_void {
-        self.inner.hmonitor() as *mut _
+    fn hmonitor(&self) -> HMONITOR {
+        self.inner.hmonitor()
     }
 }
 
@@ -277,7 +327,7 @@ pub trait IconExtWindows: Sized {
     ///
     /// In cases where the specified size does not exist in the file, Windows may perform scaling
     /// to get an icon of the desired size.
-    fn from_resource(ordinal: WORD, size: Option<PhysicalSize<u32>>) -> Result<Self, BadIcon>;
+    fn from_resource(ordinal: u16, size: Option<PhysicalSize<u32>>) -> Result<Self, BadIcon>;
 }
 
 impl IconExtWindows for Icon {
@@ -289,7 +339,7 @@ impl IconExtWindows for Icon {
         Ok(Icon { inner: win_icon })
     }
 
-    fn from_resource(ordinal: WORD, size: Option<PhysicalSize<u32>>) -> Result<Self, BadIcon> {
+    fn from_resource(ordinal: u16, size: Option<PhysicalSize<u32>>) -> Result<Self, BadIcon> {
         let win_icon = WinIcon::from_resource(ordinal, size)?;
         Ok(Icon { inner: win_icon })
     }

src/platform/x11.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,233 @@
+use std::os::raw;
+use std::ptr;
+
+use crate::{
+    event_loop::{EventLoopBuilder, EventLoopWindowTarget},
+    monitor::MonitorHandle,
+    window::{Window, WindowBuilder},
+};
+
+use crate::dpi::Size;
+use crate::platform_impl::{
+    x11::ffi::XVisualInfo, ApplicationName, Backend, Window as LinuxWindow, XLIB_ERROR_HOOKS,
+};
+
+pub use crate::platform_impl::{x11::util::WindowType as XWindowType, XNotSupported};
+
+/// The first argument in the provided hook will be the pointer to `XDisplay`
+/// and the second one the pointer to [`XErrorEvent`]. The returned `bool` is an
+/// indicator whether the error was handled by the callback.
+///
+/// [`XErrorEvent`]: https://linux.die.net/man/3/xerrorevent
+pub type XlibErrorHook =
+    Box<dyn Fn(*mut std::ffi::c_void, *mut std::ffi::c_void) -> bool + Send + Sync>;
+
+/// Hook to winit's xlib error handling callback.
+///
+/// This method is provided as a safe way to handle the errors comming from X11
+/// when using xlib in external crates, like glutin for GLX access. Trying to
+/// handle errors by speculating with `XSetErrorHandler` is [`unsafe`].
+///
+/// **Be aware that your hook is always invoked and returning `true` from it will
+/// prevent `winit` from getting the error itself. It's wise to always return
+/// `false` if you're not initiated the `Sync`.**
+///
+/// [`unsafe`]: https://www.remlab.net/op/xlib.shtml
+#[inline]
+pub fn register_xlib_error_hook(hook: XlibErrorHook) {
+    // Append new hook.
+    unsafe {
+        XLIB_ERROR_HOOKS.lock().unwrap().push(hook);
+    }
+}
+
+/// Additional methods on [`EventLoopWindowTarget`] that are specific to X11.
+pub trait EventLoopWindowTargetExtX11 {
+    /// True if the [`EventLoopWindowTarget`] uses X11.
+    fn is_x11(&self) -> bool;
+}
+
+impl<T> EventLoopWindowTargetExtX11 for EventLoopWindowTarget<T> {
+    #[inline]
+    fn is_x11(&self) -> bool {
+        !self.p.is_wayland()
+    }
+}
+
+/// Additional methods on [`EventLoopBuilder`] that are specific to X11.
+pub trait EventLoopBuilderExtX11 {
+    /// Force using X11.
+    fn with_x11(&mut self) -> &mut Self;
+
+    /// Whether to allow the event loop to be created off of the main thread.
+    ///
+    /// By default, the window is only allowed to be created on the main
+    /// thread, to make platform compatibility easier.
+    fn with_any_thread(&mut self, any_thread: bool) -> &mut Self;
+}
+
+impl<T> EventLoopBuilderExtX11 for EventLoopBuilder<T> {
+    #[inline]
+    fn with_x11(&mut self) -> &mut Self {
+        self.platform_specific.forced_backend = Some(Backend::X);
+        self
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn with_any_thread(&mut self, any_thread: bool) -> &mut Self {
+        self.platform_specific.any_thread = any_thread;
+        self
+    }
+}
+
+/// Additional methods on [`Window`] that are specific to X11.
+pub trait WindowExtX11 {
+    /// Returns the ID of the [`Window`] xlib object that is used by this window.
+    ///
+    /// Returns `None` if the window doesn't use xlib (if it uses wayland for example).
+    fn xlib_window(&self) -> Option<raw::c_ulong>;
+
+    /// Returns a pointer to the `Display` object of xlib that is used by this window.
+    ///
+    /// Returns `None` if the window doesn't use xlib (if it uses wayland for example).
+    ///
+    /// The pointer will become invalid when the [`Window`] is destroyed.
+    fn xlib_display(&self) -> Option<*mut raw::c_void>;
+
+    fn xlib_screen_id(&self) -> Option<raw::c_int>;
+
+    /// This function returns the underlying `xcb_connection_t` of an xlib `Display`.
+    ///
+    /// Returns `None` if the window doesn't use xlib (if it uses wayland for example).
+    ///
+    /// The pointer will become invalid when the [`Window`] is destroyed.
+    fn xcb_connection(&self) -> Option<*mut raw::c_void>;
+}
+
+impl WindowExtX11 for Window {
+    #[inline]
+    fn xlib_window(&self) -> Option<raw::c_ulong> {
+        match self.window {
+            LinuxWindow::X(ref w) => Some(w.xlib_window()),
+            #[cfg(wayland_platform)]
+            _ => None,
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn xlib_display(&self) -> Option<*mut raw::c_void> {
+        match self.window {
+            LinuxWindow::X(ref w) => Some(w.xlib_display()),
+            #[cfg(wayland_platform)]
+            _ => None,
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn xlib_screen_id(&self) -> Option<raw::c_int> {
+        match self.window {
+            LinuxWindow::X(ref w) => Some(w.xlib_screen_id()),
+            #[cfg(wayland_platform)]
+            _ => None,
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn xcb_connection(&self) -> Option<*mut raw::c_void> {
+        match self.window {
+            LinuxWindow::X(ref w) => Some(w.xcb_connection()),
+            #[cfg(wayland_platform)]
+            _ => None,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Additional methods on [`WindowBuilder`] that are specific to X11.
+pub trait WindowBuilderExtX11 {
+    fn with_x11_visual<T>(self, visual_infos: *const T) -> Self;
+
+    fn with_x11_screen(self, screen_id: i32) -> Self;
+
+    /// Build window with the given `general` and `instance` names.
+    ///
+    /// The `general` sets general class of `WM_CLASS(STRING)`, while `instance` set the
+    /// instance part of it. The resulted property looks like `WM_CLASS(STRING) = "general", "instance"`.
+    ///
+    /// For details about application ID conventions, see the
+    /// [Desktop Entry Spec](https://specifications.freedesktop.org/desktop-entry-spec/desktop-entry-spec-latest.html#desktop-file-id)
+    fn with_name(self, general: impl Into<String>, instance: impl Into<String>) -> Self;
+
+    /// Build window with override-redirect flag; defaults to false. Only relevant on X11.
+    fn with_override_redirect(self, override_redirect: bool) -> Self;
+
+    /// Build window with `_NET_WM_WINDOW_TYPE` hints; defaults to `Normal`. Only relevant on X11.
+    fn with_x11_window_type(self, x11_window_type: Vec<XWindowType>) -> Self;
+
+    /// Build window with base size hint. Only implemented on X11.
+    ///
+    /// ```
+    /// # use winit::dpi::{LogicalSize, PhysicalSize};
+    /// # use winit::window::WindowBuilder;
+    /// # use winit::platform::x11::WindowBuilderExtX11;
+    /// // Specify the size in logical dimensions like this:
+    /// WindowBuilder::new().with_base_size(LogicalSize::new(400.0, 200.0));
+    ///
+    /// // Or specify the size in physical dimensions like this:
+    /// WindowBuilder::new().with_base_size(PhysicalSize::new(400, 200));
+    /// ```
+    fn with_base_size<S: Into<Size>>(self, base_size: S) -> Self;
+}
+
+impl WindowBuilderExtX11 for WindowBuilder {
+    #[inline]
+    fn with_x11_visual<T>(mut self, visual_infos: *const T) -> Self {
+        {
+            self.platform_specific.visual_infos =
+                Some(unsafe { ptr::read(visual_infos as *const XVisualInfo) });
+        }
+        self
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn with_x11_screen(mut self, screen_id: i32) -> Self {
+        self.platform_specific.screen_id = Some(screen_id);
+        self
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn with_name(mut self, general: impl Into<String>, instance: impl Into<String>) -> Self {
+        self.platform_specific.name = Some(ApplicationName::new(general.into(), instance.into()));
+        self
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn with_override_redirect(mut self, override_redirect: bool) -> Self {
+        self.platform_specific.override_redirect = override_redirect;
+        self
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn with_x11_window_type(mut self, x11_window_types: Vec<XWindowType>) -> Self {
+        self.platform_specific.x11_window_types = x11_window_types;
+        self
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn with_base_size<S: Into<Size>>(mut self, base_size: S) -> Self {
+        self.platform_specific.base_size = Some(base_size.into());
+        self
+    }
+}
+
+/// Additional methods on `MonitorHandle` that are specific to X11.
+pub trait MonitorHandleExtX11 {
+    /// Returns the inner identifier of the monitor.
+    fn native_id(&self) -> u32;
+}
+
+impl MonitorHandleExtX11 for MonitorHandle {
+    #[inline]
+    fn native_id(&self) -> u32 {
+        self.inner.native_identifier()
+    }
+}

src/platform_impl/ios/app_state.rs

@@ -9,20 +9,27 @@ use std::{
     time::Instant,
 };
 
-use objc::runtime::{BOOL, YES};
+use core_foundation::base::CFRelease;
+use core_foundation::date::CFAbsoluteTimeGetCurrent;
+use core_foundation::runloop::{
+    kCFRunLoopCommonModes, CFRunLoopAddTimer, CFRunLoopGetMain, CFRunLoopRef, CFRunLoopTimerCreate,
+    CFRunLoopTimerInvalidate, CFRunLoopTimerRef, CFRunLoopTimerSetNextFireDate,
+};
+use objc2::foundation::{CGRect, CGSize, NSInteger, NSProcessInfo};
+use objc2::rc::{Id, Shared};
+use objc2::runtime::Object;
+use objc2::{msg_send, sel};
+use once_cell::sync::Lazy;
 
+use super::uikit::UIView;
+use super::view::WinitUIWindow;
 use crate::{
     dpi::LogicalSize,
     event::{Event, StartCause, WindowEvent},
     event_loop::ControlFlow,
     platform_impl::platform::{
         event_loop::{EventHandler, EventProxy, EventWrapper, Never},
-        ffi::{
-            id, kCFRunLoopCommonModes, CFAbsoluteTimeGetCurrent, CFRelease, CFRunLoopAddTimer,
-            CFRunLoopGetMain, CFRunLoopRef, CFRunLoopTimerCreate, CFRunLoopTimerInvalidate,
-            CFRunLoopTimerRef, CFRunLoopTimerSetNextFireDate, CGRect, CGSize, NSInteger,
-            NSOperatingSystemVersion, NSUInteger,
-        },
+        ffi::NSOperatingSystemVersion,
     },
     window::WindowId as RootWindowId,
 };
@@ -52,11 +59,7 @@ enum UserCallbackTransitionResult<'a> {
 
 impl Event<'static, Never> {
     fn is_redraw(&self) -> bool {
-        if let Event::RedrawRequested(_) = self {
-            true
-        } else {
-            false
-        }
+        matches!(self, Event::RedrawRequested(_))
     }
 }
 
@@ -65,25 +68,25 @@ impl Event<'static, Never> {
 #[must_use = "dropping `AppStateImpl` without inspecting it is probably a bug"]
 enum AppStateImpl {
     NotLaunched {
-        queued_windows: Vec<id>,
+        queued_windows: Vec<Id<WinitUIWindow, Shared>>,
         queued_events: Vec<EventWrapper>,
-        queued_gpu_redraws: HashSet<id>,
+        queued_gpu_redraws: HashSet<Id<WinitUIWindow, Shared>>,
     },
     Launching {
-        queued_windows: Vec<id>,
+        queued_windows: Vec<Id<WinitUIWindow, Shared>>,
         queued_events: Vec<EventWrapper>,
         queued_event_handler: Box<dyn EventHandler>,
-        queued_gpu_redraws: HashSet<id>,
+        queued_gpu_redraws: HashSet<Id<WinitUIWindow, Shared>>,
     },
     ProcessingEvents {
         event_handler: Box<dyn EventHandler>,
-        queued_gpu_redraws: HashSet<id>,
+        queued_gpu_redraws: HashSet<Id<WinitUIWindow, Shared>>,
         active_control_flow: ControlFlow,
     },
     // special state to deal with reentrancy and prevent mutable aliasing.
     InUserCallback {
         queued_events: Vec<EventWrapper>,
-        queued_gpu_redraws: HashSet<id>,
+        queued_gpu_redraws: HashSet<Id<WinitUIWindow, Shared>>,
     },
     ProcessingRedraws {
         event_handler: Box<dyn EventHandler>,
@@ -106,28 +109,6 @@ struct AppState {
     waker: EventLoopWaker,
 }
 
-impl Drop for AppState {
-    fn drop(&mut self) {
-        match self.state_mut() {
-            &mut AppStateImpl::NotLaunched {
-                ref mut queued_windows,
-                ..
-            }
-            | &mut AppStateImpl::Launching {
-                ref mut queued_windows,
-                ..
-            } => {
-                for &mut window in queued_windows {
-                    unsafe {
-                        let () = msg_send![window, release];
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-            _ => {}
-        }
-    }
-}
-
 impl AppState {
     // requires main thread
     unsafe fn get_mut() -> RefMut<'static, AppState> {
@@ -200,10 +181,10 @@ impl AppState {
     }
 
     fn has_launched(&self) -> bool {
-        match self.state() {
-            &AppStateImpl::NotLaunched { .. } | &AppStateImpl::Launching { .. } => false,
-            _ => true,
-        }
+        !matches!(
+            self.state(),
+            AppStateImpl::NotLaunched { .. } | AppStateImpl::Launching { .. }
+        )
     }
 
     fn will_launch_transition(&mut self, queued_event_handler: Box<dyn EventHandler>) {
@@ -223,7 +204,9 @@ impl AppState {
         });
     }
 
-    fn did_finish_launching_transition(&mut self) -> (Vec<id>, Vec<EventWrapper>) {
+    fn did_finish_launching_transition(
+        &mut self,
+    ) -> (Vec<Id<WinitUIWindow, Shared>>, Vec<EventWrapper>) {
         let (windows, events, event_handler, queued_gpu_redraws) = match self.take_state() {
             AppStateImpl::Launching {
                 queued_windows,
@@ -296,7 +279,7 @@ impl AppState {
                 };
                 (waiting_event_handler, event)
             }
-            (ControlFlow::Exit, _) => bug!("unexpected `ControlFlow` `Exit`"),
+            (ControlFlow::ExitWithCode(_), _) => bug!("unexpected `ControlFlow` `Exit`"),
             s => bug!("`EventHandler` unexpectedly woke up {:?}", s),
         };
 
@@ -380,7 +363,7 @@ impl AppState {
         }
     }
 
-    fn main_events_cleared_transition(&mut self) -> HashSet<id> {
+    fn main_events_cleared_transition(&mut self) -> HashSet<Id<WinitUIWindow, Shared>> {
         let (event_handler, queued_gpu_redraws, active_control_flow) = match self.take_state() {
             AppStateImpl::ProcessingEvents {
                 event_handler,
@@ -451,7 +434,7 @@ impl AppState {
                 });
                 self.waker.start()
             }
-            (_, ControlFlow::Exit) => {
+            (_, ControlFlow::ExitWithCode(_)) => {
                 // https://developer.apple.com/library/archive/qa/qa1561/_index.html
                 // it is not possible to quit an iOS app gracefully and programatically
                 warn!("`ControlFlow::Exit` ignored on iOS");
@@ -473,20 +456,13 @@ impl AppState {
 
 // requires main thread and window is a UIWindow
 // retains window
-pub unsafe fn set_key_window(window: id) {
-    bug_assert!(
-        {
-            let is_window: BOOL = msg_send![window, isKindOfClass: class!(UIWindow)];
-            is_window == YES
-        },
-        "set_key_window called with an incorrect type"
-    );
+pub(crate) unsafe fn set_key_window(window: &Id<WinitUIWindow, Shared>) {
     let mut this = AppState::get_mut();
     match this.state_mut() {
         &mut AppStateImpl::NotLaunched {
             ref mut queued_windows,
             ..
-        } => return queued_windows.push(msg_send![window, retain]),
+        } => return queued_windows.push(window.clone()),
         &mut AppStateImpl::ProcessingEvents { .. }
         | &mut AppStateImpl::InUserCallback { .. }
         | &mut AppStateImpl::ProcessingRedraws { .. } => {}
@@ -498,19 +474,12 @@ pub unsafe fn set_key_window(window: id) {
         }
     }
     drop(this);
-    msg_send![window, makeKeyAndVisible]
+    window.makeKeyAndVisible();
 }
 
 // requires main thread and window is a UIWindow
 // retains window
-pub unsafe fn queue_gl_or_metal_redraw(window: id) {
-    bug_assert!(
-        {
-            let is_window: BOOL = msg_send![window, isKindOfClass: class!(UIWindow)];
-            is_window == YES
-        },
-        "set_key_window called with an incorrect type"
-    );
+pub(crate) unsafe fn queue_gl_or_metal_redraw(window: Id<WinitUIWindow, Shared>) {
     let mut this = AppState::get_mut();
     match this.state_mut() {
         &mut AppStateImpl::NotLaunched {
@@ -528,7 +497,9 @@ pub unsafe fn queue_gl_or_metal_redraw(window: id) {
         | &mut AppStateImpl::InUserCallback {
             ref mut queued_gpu_redraws,
             ..
-        } => drop(queued_gpu_redraws.insert(window)),
+        } => {
+            let _ = queued_gpu_redraws.insert(window);
+        }
         s @ &mut AppStateImpl::ProcessingRedraws { .. }
         | s @ &mut AppStateImpl::Waiting { .. }
         | s @ &mut AppStateImpl::PollFinished { .. } => bug!("unexpected state {:?}", s),
@@ -536,7 +507,6 @@ pub unsafe fn queue_gl_or_metal_redraw(window: id) {
             panic!("Attempt to create a `Window` after the app has terminated")
         }
     }
-    drop(this);
 }
 
 // requires main thread
@@ -548,7 +518,7 @@ pub unsafe fn will_launch(queued_event_handler: Box<dyn EventHandler>) {
 pub unsafe fn did_finish_launching() {
     let mut this = AppState::get_mut();
     let windows = match this.state_mut() {
-        AppStateImpl::Launching { queued_windows, .. } => mem::replace(queued_windows, Vec::new()),
+        AppStateImpl::Launching { queued_windows, .. } => mem::take(queued_windows),
         s => bug!("unexpected state {:?}", s),
     };
 
@@ -563,30 +533,25 @@ pub unsafe fn did_finish_launching() {
     drop(this);
 
     for window in windows {
-        let count: NSUInteger = msg_send![window, retainCount];
-        // make sure the window is still referenced
-        if count > 1 {
-            // Do a little screen dance here to account for windows being created before
-            // `UIApplicationMain` is called. This fixes visual issues such as being
-            // offcenter and sized incorrectly. Additionally, to fix orientation issues, we
-            // gotta reset the `rootViewController`.
-            //
-            // relevant iOS log:
-            // ```
-            // [ApplicationLifecycle] Windows were created before application initialzation
-            // completed. This may result in incorrect visual appearance.
-            // ```
-            let screen: id = msg_send![window, screen];
-            let _: id = msg_send![screen, retain];
-            let () = msg_send![window, setScreen:0 as id];
-            let () = msg_send![window, setScreen: screen];
-            let () = msg_send![screen, release];
-            let controller: id = msg_send![window, rootViewController];
-            let () = msg_send![window, setRootViewController:ptr::null::<()>()];
-            let () = msg_send![window, setRootViewController: controller];
-            let () = msg_send![window, makeKeyAndVisible];
-        }
-        let () = msg_send![window, release];
+        // Do a little screen dance here to account for windows being created before
+        // `UIApplicationMain` is called. This fixes visual issues such as being
+        // offcenter and sized incorrectly. Additionally, to fix orientation issues, we
+        // gotta reset the `rootViewController`.
+        //
+        // relevant iOS log:
+        // ```
+        // [ApplicationLifecycle] Windows were created before application initialzation
+        // completed. This may result in incorrect visual appearance.
+        // ```
+        let screen = window.screen();
+        let _: () = msg_send![&window, setScreen: ptr::null::<Object>()];
+        window.setScreen(&screen);
+
+        let controller = window.rootViewController();
+        window.setRootViewController(None);
+        window.setRootViewController(controller.as_deref());
+
+        window.makeKeyAndVisible();
     }
 
     let (windows, events) = AppState::get_mut().did_finish_launching_transition();
@@ -600,12 +565,7 @@ pub unsafe fn did_finish_launching() {
     // the above window dance hack, could possibly trigger new windows to be created.
     // we can just set those windows up normally, as they were created after didFinishLaunching
     for window in windows {
-        let count: NSUInteger = msg_send![window, retainCount];
-        // make sure the window is still referenced
-        if count > 1 {
-            let () = msg_send![window, makeKeyAndVisible];
-        }
-        let () = msg_send![window, release];
+        window.makeKeyAndVisible();
     }
 }
 
@@ -623,12 +583,12 @@ pub unsafe fn handle_wakeup_transition() {
 }
 
 // requires main thread
-pub unsafe fn handle_nonuser_event(event: EventWrapper) {
+pub(crate) unsafe fn handle_nonuser_event(event: EventWrapper) {
     handle_nonuser_events(std::iter::once(event))
 }
 
 // requires main thread
-pub unsafe fn handle_nonuser_events<I: IntoIterator<Item = EventWrapper>>(events: I) {
+pub(crate) unsafe fn handle_nonuser_events<I: IntoIterator<Item = EventWrapper>>(events: I) {
     let mut this = AppState::get_mut();
     let (mut event_handler, active_control_flow, processing_redraws) =
         match this.try_user_callback_transition() {
@@ -670,7 +630,7 @@ pub unsafe fn handle_nonuser_events<I: IntoIterator<Item = EventWrapper>>(events
             &mut AppStateImpl::InUserCallback {
                 ref mut queued_events,
                 queued_gpu_redraws: _,
-            } => mem::replace(queued_events, Vec::new()),
+            } => mem::take(queued_events),
             s => bug!("unexpected state {:?}", s),
         };
         if queued_events.is_empty() {
@@ -751,7 +711,7 @@ unsafe fn handle_user_events() {
             &mut AppStateImpl::InUserCallback {
                 ref mut queued_events,
                 queued_gpu_redraws: _,
-            } => mem::replace(queued_events, Vec::new()),
+            } => mem::take(queued_events),
             s => bug!("unexpected state {:?}", s),
         };
         if queued_events.is_empty() {
@@ -793,7 +753,7 @@ pub unsafe fn handle_main_events_cleared() {
         return;
     }
     match this.state_mut() {
-        &mut AppStateImpl::ProcessingEvents { .. } => {}
+        AppStateImpl::ProcessingEvents { .. } => {}
         _ => bug!("`ProcessingRedraws` happened unexpectedly"),
     };
     drop(this);
@@ -806,14 +766,10 @@ pub unsafe fn handle_main_events_cleared() {
     let mut redraw_events: Vec<EventWrapper> = this
         .main_events_cleared_transition()
         .into_iter()
-        .map(|window| {
-            EventWrapper::StaticEvent(Event::RedrawRequested(RootWindowId(window.into())))
-        })
+        .map(|window| EventWrapper::StaticEvent(Event::RedrawRequested(RootWindowId(window.id()))))
         .collect();
 
-    if !redraw_events.is_empty() {
-        redraw_events.push(EventWrapper::StaticEvent(Event::RedrawEventsCleared));
-    }
+    redraw_events.push(EventWrapper::StaticEvent(Event::RedrawEventsCleared));
     drop(this);
 
     handle_nonuser_events(redraw_events);
@@ -843,13 +799,13 @@ fn handle_event_proxy(
         EventProxy::DpiChangedProxy {
             suggested_size,
             scale_factor,
-            window_id,
+            window,
         } => handle_hidpi_proxy(
             event_handler,
             control_flow,
             suggested_size,
             scale_factor,
-            window_id,
+            window,
         ),
     }
 }
@@ -859,39 +815,34 @@ fn handle_hidpi_proxy(
     mut control_flow: ControlFlow,
     suggested_size: LogicalSize<f64>,
     scale_factor: f64,
-    window_id: id,
+    window: Id<WinitUIWindow, Shared>,
 ) {
     let mut size = suggested_size.to_physical(scale_factor);
     let new_inner_size = &mut size;
     let event = Event::WindowEvent {
-        window_id: RootWindowId(window_id.into()),
+        window_id: RootWindowId(window.id()),
         event: WindowEvent::ScaleFactorChanged {
             scale_factor,
             new_inner_size,
         },
     };
     event_handler.handle_nonuser_event(event, &mut control_flow);
-    let (view, screen_frame) = get_view_and_screen_frame(window_id);
+    let (view, screen_frame) = get_view_and_screen_frame(&window);
     let physical_size = *new_inner_size;
     let logical_size = physical_size.to_logical(scale_factor);
-    let size = CGSize::new(logical_size);
+    let size = CGSize::new(logical_size.width, logical_size.height);
     let new_frame: CGRect = CGRect::new(screen_frame.origin, size);
-    unsafe {
-        let () = msg_send![view, setFrame: new_frame];
-    }
+    view.setFrame(new_frame);
 }
 
-fn get_view_and_screen_frame(window_id: id) -> (id, CGRect) {
-    unsafe {
-        let view_controller: id = msg_send![window_id, rootViewController];
-        let view: id = msg_send![view_controller, view];
-        let bounds: CGRect = msg_send![window_id, bounds];
-        let screen: id = msg_send![window_id, screen];
-        let screen_space: id = msg_send![screen, coordinateSpace];
-        let screen_frame: CGRect =
-            msg_send![window_id, convertRect:bounds toCoordinateSpace:screen_space];
-        (view, screen_frame)
-    }
+fn get_view_and_screen_frame(window: &WinitUIWindow) -> (Id<UIView, Shared>, CGRect) {
+    let view_controller = window.rootViewController().unwrap();
+    let view = view_controller.view().unwrap();
+    let bounds = window.bounds();
+    let screen = window.screen();
+    let screen_space = screen.coordinateSpace();
+    let screen_frame = window.convertRect_toCoordinateSpace(bounds, &screen_space);
+    (view, screen_frame)
 }
 
 struct EventLoopWaker {
@@ -992,20 +943,20 @@ macro_rules! os_capabilities {
 }
 
 os_capabilities! {
-    /// https://developer.apple.com/documentation/uikit/uiview/2891103-safeareainsets?language=objc
+    /// <https://developer.apple.com/documentation/uikit/uiview/2891103-safeareainsets?language=objc>
     #[allow(unused)] // error message unused
     safe_area_err_msg: "-[UIView safeAreaInsets]",
     safe_area: 11-0,
-    /// https://developer.apple.com/documentation/uikit/uiviewcontroller/2887509-setneedsupdateofhomeindicatoraut?language=objc
+    /// <https://developer.apple.com/documentation/uikit/uiviewcontroller/2887509-setneedsupdateofhomeindicatoraut?language=objc>
     home_indicator_hidden_err_msg: "-[UIViewController setNeedsUpdateOfHomeIndicatorAutoHidden]",
     home_indicator_hidden: 11-0,
-    /// https://developer.apple.com/documentation/uikit/uiviewcontroller/2887507-setneedsupdateofscreenedgesdefer?language=objc
+    /// <https://developer.apple.com/documentation/uikit/uiviewcontroller/2887507-setneedsupdateofscreenedgesdefer?language=objc>
     defer_system_gestures_err_msg: "-[UIViewController setNeedsUpdateOfScreenEdgesDeferringSystem]",
     defer_system_gestures: 11-0,
-    /// https://developer.apple.com/documentation/uikit/uiscreen/2806814-maximumframespersecond?language=objc
+    /// <https://developer.apple.com/documentation/uikit/uiscreen/2806814-maximumframespersecond?language=objc>
     maximum_frames_per_second_err_msg: "-[UIScreen maximumFramesPerSecond]",
     maximum_frames_per_second: 10-3,
-    /// https://developer.apple.com/documentation/uikit/uitouch/1618110-force?language=objc
+    /// <https://developer.apple.com/documentation/uikit/uitouch/1618110-force?language=objc>
     #[allow(unused)] // error message unused
     force_touch_err_msg: "-[UITouch force]",
     force_touch: 9-0,
@@ -1018,29 +969,24 @@ impl NSOperatingSystemVersion {
 }
 
 pub fn os_capabilities() -> OSCapabilities {
-    lazy_static! {
-        static ref OS_CAPABILITIES: OSCapabilities = {
-            let version: NSOperatingSystemVersion = unsafe {
-                let process_info: id = msg_send![class!(NSProcessInfo), processInfo];
-                let atleast_ios_8: BOOL = msg_send![
-                    process_info,
-                    respondsToSelector: sel!(operatingSystemVersion)
-                ];
-                // winit requires atleast iOS 8 because no one has put the time into supporting earlier os versions.
-                // Older iOS versions are increasingly difficult to test. For example, Xcode 11 does not support
-                // debugging on devices with an iOS version of less than 8. Another example, in order to use an iOS
-                // simulator older than iOS 8, you must download an older version of Xcode (<9), and at least Xcode 7
-                // has been tested to not even run on macOS 10.15 - Xcode 8 might?
-                //
-                // The minimum required iOS version is likely to grow in the future.
-                assert!(
-                    atleast_ios_8 == YES,
-                    "`winit` requires iOS version 8 or greater"
-                );
-                msg_send![process_info, operatingSystemVersion]
-            };
-            version.into()
+    static OS_CAPABILITIES: Lazy<OSCapabilities> = Lazy::new(|| {
+        let version: NSOperatingSystemVersion = unsafe {
+            let process_info = NSProcessInfo::process_info();
+            let atleast_ios_8: bool = msg_send![
+                &process_info,
+                respondsToSelector: sel!(operatingSystemVersion)
+            ];
+            // winit requires atleast iOS 8 because no one has put the time into supporting earlier os versions.
+            // Older iOS versions are increasingly difficult to test. For example, Xcode 11 does not support
+            // debugging on devices with an iOS version of less than 8. Another example, in order to use an iOS
+            // simulator older than iOS 8, you must download an older version of Xcode (<9), and at least Xcode 7
+            // has been tested to not even run on macOS 10.15 - Xcode 8 might?
+            //
+            // The minimum required iOS version is likely to grow in the future.
+            assert!(atleast_ios_8, "`winit` requires iOS version 8 or greater");
+            msg_send![&process_info, operatingSystemVersion]
         };
-    }
+        version.into()
+    });
     OS_CAPABILITIES.clone()
 }

src/platform_impl/ios/event_loop.rs

@@ -3,44 +3,44 @@ use std::{
     ffi::c_void,
     fmt::{self, Debug},
     marker::PhantomData,
-    mem, ptr,
+    ptr,
     sync::mpsc::{self, Receiver, Sender},
 };
 
+use core_foundation::base::{CFIndex, CFRelease};
+use core_foundation::runloop::{
+    kCFRunLoopAfterWaiting, kCFRunLoopBeforeWaiting, kCFRunLoopCommonModes, kCFRunLoopDefaultMode,
+    kCFRunLoopExit, CFRunLoopActivity, CFRunLoopAddObserver, CFRunLoopAddSource, CFRunLoopGetMain,
+    CFRunLoopObserverCreate, CFRunLoopObserverRef, CFRunLoopSourceContext, CFRunLoopSourceCreate,
+    CFRunLoopSourceInvalidate, CFRunLoopSourceRef, CFRunLoopSourceSignal, CFRunLoopWakeUp,
+};
+use objc2::foundation::{MainThreadMarker, NSString};
+use objc2::rc::{Id, Shared};
+use objc2::ClassType;
+use raw_window_handle::{RawDisplayHandle, UiKitDisplayHandle};
+
+use super::uikit::{UIApplication, UIApplicationMain, UIDevice, UIScreen};
+use super::view::WinitUIWindow;
+use super::{app_state, monitor, view, MonitorHandle};
 use crate::{
     dpi::LogicalSize,
     event::Event,
     event_loop::{
         ControlFlow, EventLoopClosed, EventLoopWindowTarget as RootEventLoopWindowTarget,
     },
-    monitor::MonitorHandle as RootMonitorHandle,
     platform::ios::Idiom,
 };
 
-use crate::platform_impl::platform::{
-    app_state,
-    ffi::{
-        id, kCFRunLoopAfterWaiting, kCFRunLoopBeforeWaiting, kCFRunLoopCommonModes,
-        kCFRunLoopDefaultMode, kCFRunLoopEntry, kCFRunLoopExit, nil, CFIndex, CFRelease,
-        CFRunLoopActivity, CFRunLoopAddObserver, CFRunLoopAddSource, CFRunLoopGetMain,
-        CFRunLoopObserverCreate, CFRunLoopObserverRef, CFRunLoopSourceContext,
-        CFRunLoopSourceCreate, CFRunLoopSourceInvalidate, CFRunLoopSourceRef,
-        CFRunLoopSourceSignal, CFRunLoopWakeUp, NSStringRust, UIApplicationMain,
-        UIUserInterfaceIdiom,
-    },
-    monitor, view, MonitorHandle,
-};
-
 #[derive(Debug)]
-pub enum EventWrapper {
+pub(crate) enum EventWrapper {
     StaticEvent(Event<'static, Never>),
     EventProxy(EventProxy),
 }
 
 #[derive(Debug, PartialEq)]
-pub enum EventProxy {
+pub(crate) enum EventProxy {
     DpiChangedProxy {
-        window_id: id,
+        window: Id<WinitUIWindow, Shared>,
         suggested_size: LogicalSize<f64>,
         scale_factor: f64,
     },
@@ -53,15 +53,17 @@ pub struct EventLoopWindowTarget<T: 'static> {
 
 impl<T: 'static> EventLoopWindowTarget<T> {
     pub fn available_monitors(&self) -> VecDeque<MonitorHandle> {
-        // guaranteed to be on main thread
-        unsafe { monitor::uiscreens() }
+        monitor::uiscreens(MainThreadMarker::new().unwrap())
     }
 
-    pub fn primary_monitor(&self) -> Option<RootMonitorHandle> {
-        // guaranteed to be on main thread
-        let monitor = unsafe { monitor::main_uiscreen() };
+    pub fn primary_monitor(&self) -> Option<MonitorHandle> {
+        Some(MonitorHandle::new(UIScreen::main(
+            MainThreadMarker::new().unwrap(),
+        )))
+    }
 
-        Some(RootMonitorHandle { inner: monitor })
+    pub fn raw_display_handle(&self) -> RawDisplayHandle {
+        RawDisplayHandle::UiKit(UiKitDisplayHandle::empty())
     }
 }
 
@@ -69,18 +71,21 @@ pub struct EventLoop<T: 'static> {
     window_target: RootEventLoopWindowTarget<T>,
 }
 
+#[derive(Default, Debug, Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
+pub(crate) struct PlatformSpecificEventLoopAttributes {}
+
 impl<T: 'static> EventLoop<T> {
-    pub fn new() -> EventLoop<T> {
+    pub(crate) fn new(_: &PlatformSpecificEventLoopAttributes) -> EventLoop<T> {
+        assert_main_thread!("`EventLoop` can only be created on the main thread on iOS");
+
         static mut SINGLETON_INIT: bool = false;
         unsafe {
-            assert_main_thread!("`EventLoop` can only be created on the main thread on iOS");
             assert!(
                 !SINGLETON_INIT,
                 "Only one `EventLoop` is supported on iOS. \
                  `EventLoopProxy` might be helpful"
             );
             SINGLETON_INIT = true;
-            view::create_delegate_class();
         }
 
         let (sender_to_clone, receiver) = mpsc::channel();
@@ -104,24 +109,26 @@ impl<T: 'static> EventLoop<T> {
         F: 'static + FnMut(Event<'_, T>, &RootEventLoopWindowTarget<T>, &mut ControlFlow),
     {
         unsafe {
-            let application: *mut c_void = msg_send![class!(UIApplication), sharedApplication];
-            assert_eq!(
-                application,
-                ptr::null_mut(),
+            let application = UIApplication::shared(MainThreadMarker::new().unwrap());
+            assert!(
+                application.is_none(),
                 "\
-                 `EventLoop` cannot be `run` after a call to `UIApplicationMain` on iOS\n\
-                 Note: `EventLoop::run` calls `UIApplicationMain` on iOS"
+                `EventLoop` cannot be `run` after a call to `UIApplicationMain` on iOS\n\
+                 Note: `EventLoop::run` calls `UIApplicationMain` on iOS",
             );
             app_state::will_launch(Box::new(EventLoopHandler {
                 f: event_handler,
                 event_loop: self.window_target,
             }));
 
+            // Ensure application delegate is initialized
+            view::WinitApplicationDelegate::class();
+
             UIApplicationMain(
                 0,
                 ptr::null(),
-                nil,
-                NSStringRust::alloc(nil).init_str("AppDelegate"),
+                None,
+                Some(&NSString::from_str("WinitApplicationDelegate")),
             );
             unreachable!()
         }
@@ -139,8 +146,9 @@ impl<T: 'static> EventLoop<T> {
 // EventLoopExtIOS
 impl<T: 'static> EventLoop<T> {
     pub fn idiom(&self) -> Idiom {
-        // guaranteed to be on main thread
-        unsafe { self::get_idiom() }
+        UIDevice::current(MainThreadMarker::new().unwrap())
+            .userInterfaceIdiom()
+            .into()
     }
 }
 
@@ -170,14 +178,23 @@ impl<T> EventLoopProxy<T> {
     fn new(sender: Sender<T>) -> EventLoopProxy<T> {
         unsafe {
             // just wake up the eventloop
-            extern "C" fn event_loop_proxy_handler(_: *mut c_void) {}
+            extern "C" fn event_loop_proxy_handler(_: *const c_void) {}
 
             // adding a Source to the main CFRunLoop lets us wake it up and
             // process user events through the normal OS EventLoop mechanisms.
             let rl = CFRunLoopGetMain();
-            // we want all the members of context to be zero/null, except one
-            let mut context: CFRunLoopSourceContext = mem::zeroed();
-            context.perform = Some(event_loop_proxy_handler);
+            let mut context = CFRunLoopSourceContext {
+                version: 0,
+                info: ptr::null_mut(),
+                retain: None,
+                release: None,
+                copyDescription: None,
+                equal: None,
+                hash: None,
+                schedule: None,
+                cancel: None,
+                perform: event_loop_proxy_handler,
+            };
             let source =
                 CFRunLoopSourceCreate(ptr::null_mut(), CFIndex::max_value() - 1, &mut context);
             CFRunLoopAddSource(rl, source, kCFRunLoopCommonModes);
@@ -213,7 +230,6 @@ fn setup_control_flow_observers() {
                 #[allow(non_upper_case_globals)]
                 match activity {
                     kCFRunLoopAfterWaiting => app_state::handle_wakeup_transition(),
-                    kCFRunLoopEntry => unimplemented!(), // not expected to ever happen
                     _ => unreachable!(),
                 }
             }
@@ -265,7 +281,7 @@ fn setup_control_flow_observers() {
 
         let begin_observer = CFRunLoopObserverCreate(
             ptr::null_mut(),
-            kCFRunLoopEntry | kCFRunLoopAfterWaiting,
+            kCFRunLoopAfterWaiting,
             1, // repeat = true
             CFIndex::min_value(),
             control_flow_begin_handler,
@@ -335,10 +351,3 @@ where
         }
     }
 }
-
-// must be called on main thread
-pub unsafe fn get_idiom() -> Idiom {
-    let device: id = msg_send![class!(UIDevice), currentDevice];
-    let raw_idiom: UIUserInterfaceIdiom = msg_send![device, userInterfaceIdiom];
-    raw_idiom.into()
-}

src/platform_impl/ios/ffi.rs

@@ -1,24 +1,11 @@
 #![allow(non_camel_case_types, non_snake_case, non_upper_case_globals)]
 
-use std::{convert::TryInto, ffi::CString, ops::BitOr, os::raw::*};
+use std::convert::TryInto;
 
-use objc::{runtime::Object, Encode, Encoding};
+use objc2::encode::{Encode, Encoding};
+use objc2::foundation::{NSInteger, NSUInteger};
 
-use crate::{
-    dpi::LogicalSize,
-    platform::ios::{Idiom, ScreenEdge, ValidOrientations},
-};
-
-pub type id = *mut Object;
-pub const nil: id = 0 as id;
-
-#[cfg(target_pointer_width = "32")]
-pub type CGFloat = f32;
-#[cfg(target_pointer_width = "64")]
-pub type CGFloat = f64;
-
-pub type NSInteger = isize;
-pub type NSUInteger = usize;
+use crate::platform::ios::{Idiom, ScreenEdge};
 
 #[repr(C)]
 #[derive(Clone, Debug)]
@@ -28,91 +15,15 @@ pub struct NSOperatingSystemVersion {
     pub patch: NSInteger,
 }
 
-#[repr(C)]
-#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq)]
-pub struct CGPoint {
-    pub x: CGFloat,
-    pub y: CGFloat,
-}
-
-#[repr(C)]
-#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq)]
-pub struct CGSize {
-    pub width: CGFloat,
-    pub height: CGFloat,
-}
-
-impl CGSize {
-    pub fn new(size: LogicalSize<f64>) -> CGSize {
-        CGSize {
-            width: size.width as _,
-            height: size.height as _,
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-#[repr(C)]
-#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq)]
-pub struct CGRect {
-    pub origin: CGPoint,
-    pub size: CGSize,
-}
-
-impl CGRect {
-    pub fn new(origin: CGPoint, size: CGSize) -> CGRect {
-        CGRect { origin, size }
-    }
-}
-
-unsafe impl Encode for CGRect {
-    fn encode() -> Encoding {
-        unsafe {
-            if cfg!(target_pointer_width = "32") {
-                Encoding::from_str("{CGRect={CGPoint=ff}{CGSize=ff}}")
-            } else if cfg!(target_pointer_width = "64") {
-                Encoding::from_str("{CGRect={CGPoint=dd}{CGSize=dd}}")
-            } else {
-                unimplemented!()
-            }
-        }
-    }
-}
-#[derive(Debug)]
-#[allow(dead_code)]
-#[repr(isize)]
-pub enum UITouchPhase {
-    Began = 0,
-    Moved,
-    Stationary,
-    Ended,
-    Cancelled,
-}
-
-#[derive(Debug, PartialEq)]
-#[allow(dead_code)]
-#[repr(isize)]
-pub enum UIForceTouchCapability {
-    Unknown = 0,
-    Unavailable,
-    Available,
-}
-
-#[derive(Debug, PartialEq)]
-#[allow(dead_code)]
-#[repr(isize)]
-pub enum UITouchType {
-    Direct = 0,
-    Indirect,
-    Pencil,
-}
-
-#[repr(C)]
-#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
-pub struct UIEdgeInsets {
-    pub top: CGFloat,
-    pub left: CGFloat,
-    pub bottom: CGFloat,
-    pub right: CGFloat,
+unsafe impl Encode for NSOperatingSystemVersion {
+    const ENCODING: Encoding = Encoding::Struct(
+        "NSOperatingSystemVersion",
+        &[
+            NSInteger::ENCODING,
+            NSInteger::ENCODING,
+            NSInteger::ENCODING,
+        ],
+    );
 }
 
 #[repr(transparent)]
@@ -120,9 +31,7 @@ pub struct UIEdgeInsets {
 pub struct UIUserInterfaceIdiom(NSInteger);
 
 unsafe impl Encode for UIUserInterfaceIdiom {
-    fn encode() -> Encoding {
-        NSInteger::encode()
-    }
+    const ENCODING: Encoding = NSInteger::ENCODING;
 }
 
 impl UIUserInterfaceIdiom {
@@ -144,10 +53,9 @@ impl From<Idiom> for UIUserInterfaceIdiom {
         }
     }
 }
-
-impl Into<Idiom> for UIUserInterfaceIdiom {
-    fn into(self) -> Idiom {
-        match self {
+impl From<UIUserInterfaceIdiom> for Idiom {
+    fn from(ui_idiom: UIUserInterfaceIdiom) -> Idiom {
+        match ui_idiom {
             UIUserInterfaceIdiom::Unspecified => Idiom::Unspecified,
             UIUserInterfaceIdiom::Phone => Idiom::Phone,
             UIUserInterfaceIdiom::Pad => Idiom::Pad,
@@ -158,65 +66,12 @@ impl Into<Idiom> for UIUserInterfaceIdiom {
     }
 }
 
-#[repr(transparent)]
-#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug)]
-pub struct UIInterfaceOrientationMask(NSUInteger);
-
-unsafe impl Encode for UIInterfaceOrientationMask {
-    fn encode() -> Encoding {
-        NSUInteger::encode()
-    }
-}
-
-impl UIInterfaceOrientationMask {
-    pub const Portrait: UIInterfaceOrientationMask = UIInterfaceOrientationMask(1 << 1);
-    pub const PortraitUpsideDown: UIInterfaceOrientationMask = UIInterfaceOrientationMask(1 << 2);
-    pub const LandscapeLeft: UIInterfaceOrientationMask = UIInterfaceOrientationMask(1 << 4);
-    pub const LandscapeRight: UIInterfaceOrientationMask = UIInterfaceOrientationMask(1 << 3);
-    pub const Landscape: UIInterfaceOrientationMask =
-        UIInterfaceOrientationMask(Self::LandscapeLeft.0 | Self::LandscapeRight.0);
-    pub const AllButUpsideDown: UIInterfaceOrientationMask =
-        UIInterfaceOrientationMask(Self::Landscape.0 | Self::Portrait.0);
-    pub const All: UIInterfaceOrientationMask =
-        UIInterfaceOrientationMask(Self::AllButUpsideDown.0 | Self::PortraitUpsideDown.0);
-}
-
-impl BitOr for UIInterfaceOrientationMask {
-    type Output = Self;
-
-    fn bitor(self, rhs: Self) -> Self {
-        UIInterfaceOrientationMask(self.0 | rhs.0)
-    }
-}
-
-impl UIInterfaceOrientationMask {
-    pub fn from_valid_orientations_idiom(
-        valid_orientations: ValidOrientations,
-        idiom: Idiom,
-    ) -> UIInterfaceOrientationMask {
-        match (valid_orientations, idiom) {
-            (ValidOrientations::LandscapeAndPortrait, Idiom::Phone) => {
-                UIInterfaceOrientationMask::AllButUpsideDown
-            }
-            (ValidOrientations::LandscapeAndPortrait, _) => UIInterfaceOrientationMask::All,
-            (ValidOrientations::Landscape, _) => UIInterfaceOrientationMask::Landscape,
-            (ValidOrientations::Portrait, Idiom::Phone) => UIInterfaceOrientationMask::Portrait,
-            (ValidOrientations::Portrait, _) => {
-                UIInterfaceOrientationMask::Portrait
-                    | UIInterfaceOrientationMask::PortraitUpsideDown
-            }
-        }
-    }
-}
-
 #[repr(transparent)]
 #[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
 pub struct UIRectEdge(NSUInteger);
 
 unsafe impl Encode for UIRectEdge {
-    fn encode() -> Encoding {
-        NSUInteger::encode()
-    }
+    const ENCODING: Encoding = NSUInteger::ENCODING;
 }
 
 impl From<ScreenEdge> for UIRectEdge {
@@ -230,164 +85,9 @@ impl From<ScreenEdge> for UIRectEdge {
     }
 }
 
-impl Into<ScreenEdge> for UIRectEdge {
-    fn into(self) -> ScreenEdge {
-        let bits: u8 = self.0.try_into().expect("invalid `UIRectEdge`");
+impl From<UIRectEdge> for ScreenEdge {
+    fn from(ui_rect_edge: UIRectEdge) -> ScreenEdge {
+        let bits: u8 = ui_rect_edge.0.try_into().expect("invalid `UIRectEdge`");
         ScreenEdge::from_bits(bits).expect("invalid `ScreenEdge`")
     }
 }
-
-#[repr(transparent)]
-#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
-pub struct UIScreenOverscanCompensation(NSInteger);
-
-unsafe impl Encode for UIScreenOverscanCompensation {
-    fn encode() -> Encoding {
-        NSInteger::encode()
-    }
-}
-
-#[allow(dead_code)]
-impl UIScreenOverscanCompensation {
-    pub const Scale: UIScreenOverscanCompensation = UIScreenOverscanCompensation(0);
-    pub const InsetBounds: UIScreenOverscanCompensation = UIScreenOverscanCompensation(1);
-    pub const None: UIScreenOverscanCompensation = UIScreenOverscanCompensation(2);
-}
-
-#[link(name = "UIKit", kind = "framework")]
-#[link(name = "CoreFoundation", kind = "framework")]
-extern "C" {
-    pub static kCFRunLoopDefaultMode: CFRunLoopMode;
-    pub static kCFRunLoopCommonModes: CFRunLoopMode;
-
-    pub fn UIApplicationMain(
-        argc: c_int,
-        argv: *const c_char,
-        principalClassName: id,
-        delegateClassName: id,
-    ) -> c_int;
-
-    pub fn CFRunLoopGetMain() -> CFRunLoopRef;
-    pub fn CFRunLoopWakeUp(rl: CFRunLoopRef);
-
-    pub fn CFRunLoopObserverCreate(
-        allocator: CFAllocatorRef,
-        activities: CFOptionFlags,
-        repeats: Boolean,
-        order: CFIndex,
-        callout: CFRunLoopObserverCallBack,
-        context: *mut CFRunLoopObserverContext,
-    ) -> CFRunLoopObserverRef;
-    pub fn CFRunLoopAddObserver(
-        rl: CFRunLoopRef,
-        observer: CFRunLoopObserverRef,
-        mode: CFRunLoopMode,
-    );
-
-    pub fn CFRunLoopTimerCreate(
-        allocator: CFAllocatorRef,
-        fireDate: CFAbsoluteTime,
-        interval: CFTimeInterval,
-        flags: CFOptionFlags,
-        order: CFIndex,
-        callout: CFRunLoopTimerCallBack,
-        context: *mut CFRunLoopTimerContext,
-    ) -> CFRunLoopTimerRef;
-    pub fn CFRunLoopAddTimer(rl: CFRunLoopRef, timer: CFRunLoopTimerRef, mode: CFRunLoopMode);
-    pub fn CFRunLoopTimerSetNextFireDate(timer: CFRunLoopTimerRef, fireDate: CFAbsoluteTime);
-    pub fn CFRunLoopTimerInvalidate(time: CFRunLoopTimerRef);
-
-    pub fn CFRunLoopSourceCreate(
-        allocator: CFAllocatorRef,
-        order: CFIndex,
-        context: *mut CFRunLoopSourceContext,
-    ) -> CFRunLoopSourceRef;
-    pub fn CFRunLoopAddSource(rl: CFRunLoopRef, source: CFRunLoopSourceRef, mode: CFRunLoopMode);
-    pub fn CFRunLoopSourceInvalidate(source: CFRunLoopSourceRef);
-    pub fn CFRunLoopSourceSignal(source: CFRunLoopSourceRef);
-
-    pub fn CFAbsoluteTimeGetCurrent() -> CFAbsoluteTime;
-    pub fn CFRelease(cftype: *const c_void);
-}
-
-pub type Boolean = u8;
-pub enum CFAllocator {}
-pub type CFAllocatorRef = *mut CFAllocator;
-pub enum CFRunLoop {}
-pub type CFRunLoopRef = *mut CFRunLoop;
-pub type CFRunLoopMode = CFStringRef;
-pub enum CFRunLoopObserver {}
-pub type CFRunLoopObserverRef = *mut CFRunLoopObserver;
-pub enum CFRunLoopTimer {}
-pub type CFRunLoopTimerRef = *mut CFRunLoopTimer;
-pub enum CFRunLoopSource {}
-pub type CFRunLoopSourceRef = *mut CFRunLoopSource;
-pub enum CFString {}
-pub type CFStringRef = *const CFString;
-
-pub type CFHashCode = c_ulong;
-pub type CFIndex = c_long;
-pub type CFOptionFlags = c_ulong;
-pub type CFRunLoopActivity = CFOptionFlags;
-
-pub type CFAbsoluteTime = CFTimeInterval;
-pub type CFTimeInterval = f64;
-
-pub const kCFRunLoopEntry: CFRunLoopActivity = 0;
-pub const kCFRunLoopBeforeWaiting: CFRunLoopActivity = 1 << 5;
-pub const kCFRunLoopAfterWaiting: CFRunLoopActivity = 1 << 6;
-pub const kCFRunLoopExit: CFRunLoopActivity = 1 << 7;
-
-pub type CFRunLoopObserverCallBack =
-    extern "C" fn(observer: CFRunLoopObserverRef, activity: CFRunLoopActivity, info: *mut c_void);
-pub type CFRunLoopTimerCallBack = extern "C" fn(timer: CFRunLoopTimerRef, info: *mut c_void);
-
-pub enum CFRunLoopObserverContext {}
-pub enum CFRunLoopTimerContext {}
-
-#[repr(C)]
-pub struct CFRunLoopSourceContext {
-    pub version: CFIndex,
-    pub info: *mut c_void,
-    pub retain: Option<extern "C" fn(*const c_void) -> *const c_void>,
-    pub release: Option<extern "C" fn(*const c_void)>,
-    pub copyDescription: Option<extern "C" fn(*const c_void) -> CFStringRef>,
-    pub equal: Option<extern "C" fn(*const c_void, *const c_void) -> Boolean>,
-    pub hash: Option<extern "C" fn(*const c_void) -> CFHashCode>,
-    pub schedule: Option<extern "C" fn(*mut c_void, CFRunLoopRef, CFRunLoopMode)>,
-    pub cancel: Option<extern "C" fn(*mut c_void, CFRunLoopRef, CFRunLoopMode)>,
-    pub perform: Option<extern "C" fn(*mut c_void)>,
-}
-
-// This is named NSStringRust rather than NSString because the "Debug View Heirarchy" feature of
-// Xcode requires a non-ambiguous reference to NSString for unclear reasons. This makes Xcode happy
-// so please test if you change the name back to NSString.
-pub trait NSStringRust: Sized {
-    unsafe fn alloc(_: Self) -> id {
-        msg_send![class!(NSString), alloc]
-    }
-
-    unsafe fn initWithUTF8String_(self, c_string: *const c_char) -> id;
-    unsafe fn stringByAppendingString_(self, other: id) -> id;
-    unsafe fn init_str(self, string: &str) -> Self;
-    unsafe fn UTF8String(self) -> *const c_char;
-}
-
-impl NSStringRust for id {
-    unsafe fn initWithUTF8String_(self, c_string: *const c_char) -> id {
-        msg_send![self, initWithUTF8String: c_string as id]
-    }
-
-    unsafe fn stringByAppendingString_(self, other: id) -> id {
-        msg_send![self, stringByAppendingString: other]
-    }
-
-    unsafe fn init_str(self, string: &str) -> id {
-        let cstring = CString::new(string).unwrap();
-        self.initWithUTF8String_(cstring.as_ptr())
-    }
-
-    unsafe fn UTF8String(self) -> *const c_char {
-        msg_send![self, UTF8String]
-    }
-}

src/platform_impl/ios/mod.rs

@@ -55,14 +55,15 @@
 //!
 //! Also note that app may not receive the LoopDestroyed event if suspended; it might be SIGKILL'ed.
 
-#![cfg(target_os = "ios")]
+#![cfg(ios_platform)]
+#![allow(clippy::let_unit_value)]
 
 // TODO: (mtak-) UIKit requires main thread for virtually all function/method calls. This could be
 // worked around in the future by using GCD (grand central dispatch) and/or caching of values like
 // window size/position.
 macro_rules! assert_main_thread {
     ($($t:tt)*) => {
-        if !msg_send![class!(NSThread), isMainThread] {
+        if !::objc2::foundation::is_main_thread() {
             panic!($($t)*);
         }
     };
@@ -72,28 +73,33 @@ mod app_state;
 mod event_loop;
 mod ffi;
 mod monitor;
+mod uikit;
 mod view;
 mod window;
 
 use std::fmt;
 
-pub use self::{
-    event_loop::{EventLoop, EventLoopProxy, EventLoopWindowTarget},
+pub(crate) use self::{
+    event_loop::{
+        EventLoop, EventLoopProxy, EventLoopWindowTarget, PlatformSpecificEventLoopAttributes,
+    },
     monitor::{MonitorHandle, VideoMode},
     window::{PlatformSpecificWindowBuilderAttributes, Window, WindowId},
 };
 
+use self::uikit::UIScreen;
 pub(crate) use crate::icon::NoIcon as PlatformIcon;
+pub(self) use crate::platform_impl::Fullscreen;
 
 #[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord, Hash)]
 pub struct DeviceId {
-    uiscreen: ffi::id,
+    uiscreen: *const UIScreen,
 }
 
 impl DeviceId {
-    pub unsafe fn dummy() -> Self {
+    pub const unsafe fn dummy() -> Self {
         DeviceId {
-            uiscreen: std::ptr::null_mut(),
+            uiscreen: std::ptr::null(),
         }
     }
 }
@@ -105,9 +111,7 @@ unsafe impl Sync for DeviceId {}
 pub enum OsError {}
 
 impl fmt::Display for OsError {
-    fn fmt(&self, _: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
-        match self {
-            _ => unreachable!(),
-        }
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
+        write!(f, "os error")
     }
 }

src/platform_impl/ios/monitor.rs

@@ -1,90 +1,48 @@
+#![allow(clippy::unnecessary_cast)]
+
 use std::{
     collections::{BTreeSet, VecDeque},
     fmt,
     ops::{Deref, DerefMut},
 };
 
+use objc2::foundation::{MainThreadMarker, NSInteger};
+use objc2::rc::{Id, Shared};
+
+use super::uikit::{UIScreen, UIScreenMode};
 use crate::{
     dpi::{PhysicalPosition, PhysicalSize},
-    monitor::{MonitorHandle as RootMonitorHandle, VideoMode as RootVideoMode},
-    platform_impl::platform::{
-        app_state,
-        ffi::{id, nil, CGFloat, CGRect, CGSize, NSInteger, NSUInteger},
-    },
+    monitor::VideoMode as RootVideoMode,
+    platform_impl::platform::app_state,
 };
 
-#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
+// TODO(madsmtm): Remove or refactor this
+#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash, Clone)]
+pub(crate) struct ScreenModeSendSync(pub(crate) Id<UIScreenMode, Shared>);
+
+unsafe impl Send for ScreenModeSendSync {}
+unsafe impl Sync for ScreenModeSendSync {}
+
+#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash, Clone)]
 pub struct VideoMode {
     pub(crate) size: (u32, u32),
     pub(crate) bit_depth: u16,
-    pub(crate) refresh_rate: u16,
-    pub(crate) screen_mode: NativeDisplayMode,
+    pub(crate) refresh_rate_millihertz: u32,
+    pub(crate) screen_mode: ScreenModeSendSync,
     pub(crate) monitor: MonitorHandle,
 }
 
-#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
-pub struct NativeDisplayMode(pub id);
-
-unsafe impl Send for NativeDisplayMode {}
-
-impl Drop for NativeDisplayMode {
-    fn drop(&mut self) {
-        unsafe {
-            let () = msg_send![self.0, release];
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-impl Clone for NativeDisplayMode {
-    fn clone(&self) -> Self {
-        unsafe {
-            let _: id = msg_send![self.0, retain];
-        }
-        NativeDisplayMode(self.0)
-    }
-}
-
-impl Clone for VideoMode {
-    fn clone(&self) -> VideoMode {
-        VideoMode {
-            size: self.size,
-            bit_depth: self.bit_depth,
-            refresh_rate: self.refresh_rate,
-            screen_mode: self.screen_mode.clone(),
-            monitor: self.monitor.clone(),
-        }
-    }
-}
-
 impl VideoMode {
-    unsafe fn retained_new(uiscreen: id, screen_mode: id) -> VideoMode {
+    fn new(uiscreen: Id<UIScreen, Shared>, screen_mode: Id<UIScreenMode, Shared>) -> VideoMode {
         assert_main_thread!("`VideoMode` can only be created on the main thread on iOS");
-        let os_capabilities = app_state::os_capabilities();
-        let refresh_rate: NSInteger = if os_capabilities.maximum_frames_per_second {
-            msg_send![uiscreen, maximumFramesPerSecond]
-        } else {
-            // https://developer.apple.com/library/archive/technotes/tn2460/_index.html
-            // https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPad_Pro#Model_comparison
-            //
-            // All iOS devices support 60 fps, and on devices where `maximumFramesPerSecond` is not
-            // supported, they are all guaranteed to have 60hz refresh rates. This does not
-            // correctly handle external displays. ProMotion displays support 120fps, but they were
-            // introduced at the same time as the `maximumFramesPerSecond` API.
-            //
-            // FIXME: earlier OSs could calculate the refresh rate using
-            // `-[CADisplayLink duration]`.
-            os_capabilities.maximum_frames_per_second_err_msg("defaulting to 60 fps");
-            60
-        };
-        let size: CGSize = msg_send![screen_mode, size];
-        let screen_mode: id = msg_send![screen_mode, retain];
-        let screen_mode = NativeDisplayMode(screen_mode);
+        let refresh_rate_millihertz = refresh_rate_millihertz(&uiscreen);
+        let size = screen_mode.size();
         VideoMode {
             size: (size.width as u32, size.height as u32),
             bit_depth: 32,
-            refresh_rate: refresh_rate as u16,
-            screen_mode,
-            monitor: MonitorHandle::retained_new(uiscreen),
+            refresh_rate_millihertz,
+            screen_mode: ScreenModeSendSync(screen_mode),
+            monitor: MonitorHandle::new(uiscreen),
         }
     }
 
@@ -96,55 +54,50 @@ impl VideoMode {
         self.bit_depth
     }
 
-    pub fn refresh_rate(&self) -> u16 {
-        self.refresh_rate
+    pub fn refresh_rate_millihertz(&self) -> u32 {
+        self.refresh_rate_millihertz
     }
 
-    pub fn monitor(&self) -> RootMonitorHandle {
-        RootMonitorHandle {
-            inner: self.monitor.clone(),
-        }
+    pub fn monitor(&self) -> MonitorHandle {
+        self.monitor.clone()
     }
 }
 
-#[derive(PartialEq, Eq, Hash, PartialOrd, Ord)]
+#[derive(Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
 pub struct Inner {
-    uiscreen: id,
+    uiscreen: Id<UIScreen, Shared>,
 }
 
-impl Drop for Inner {
-    fn drop(&mut self) {
-        unsafe {
-            let () = msg_send![self.uiscreen, release];
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-#[derive(PartialEq, Eq, Hash, PartialOrd, Ord)]
+#[derive(Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
 pub struct MonitorHandle {
     inner: Inner,
 }
 
+impl PartialOrd for MonitorHandle {
+    fn partial_cmp(&self, other: &Self) -> Option<std::cmp::Ordering> {
+        Some(self.cmp(other))
+    }
+}
+
+impl Ord for MonitorHandle {
+    fn cmp(&self, other: &Self) -> std::cmp::Ordering {
+        // TODO: Make a better ordering
+        (self as *const Self).cmp(&(other as *const Self))
+    }
+}
+
 impl Deref for MonitorHandle {
     type Target = Inner;
 
     fn deref(&self) -> &Inner {
-        unsafe {
-            assert_main_thread!(
-                "`MonitorHandle` methods can only be run on the main thread on iOS"
-            );
-        }
+        assert_main_thread!("`MonitorHandle` methods can only be run on the main thread on iOS");
         &self.inner
     }
 }
 
 impl DerefMut for MonitorHandle {
     fn deref_mut(&mut self) -> &mut Inner {
-        unsafe {
-            assert_main_thread!(
-                "`MonitorHandle` methods can only be run on the main thread on iOS"
-            );
-        }
+        assert_main_thread!("`MonitorHandle` methods can only be run on the main thread on iOS");
         &mut self.inner
     }
 }
@@ -152,23 +105,17 @@ impl DerefMut for MonitorHandle {
 unsafe impl Send for MonitorHandle {}
 unsafe impl Sync for MonitorHandle {}
 
-impl Clone for MonitorHandle {
-    fn clone(&self) -> MonitorHandle {
-        MonitorHandle::retained_new(self.uiscreen)
-    }
-}
-
 impl Drop for MonitorHandle {
     fn drop(&mut self) {
-        unsafe {
-            assert_main_thread!("`MonitorHandle` can only be dropped on the main thread on iOS");
-        }
+        assert_main_thread!("`MonitorHandle` can only be dropped on the main thread on iOS");
     }
 }
 
 impl fmt::Debug for MonitorHandle {
     fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
+        // TODO: Do this using the proper fmt API
         #[derive(Debug)]
+        #[allow(dead_code)]
         struct MonitorHandle {
             name: Option<String>,
             size: PhysicalSize<u32>,
@@ -188,12 +135,9 @@ impl fmt::Debug for MonitorHandle {
 }
 
 impl MonitorHandle {
-    pub fn retained_new(uiscreen: id) -> MonitorHandle {
-        unsafe {
-            assert_main_thread!("`MonitorHandle` can only be cloned on the main thread on iOS");
-            let () = msg_send![uiscreen, retain];
-        }
-        MonitorHandle {
+    pub(crate) fn new(uiscreen: Id<UIScreen, Shared>) -> Self {
+        assert_main_thread!("`MonitorHandle` can only be created on the main thread on iOS");
+        Self {
             inner: Inner { uiscreen },
         }
     }
@@ -201,99 +145,102 @@ impl MonitorHandle {
 
 impl Inner {
     pub fn name(&self) -> Option<String> {
-        unsafe {
-            let main = main_uiscreen();
-            if self.uiscreen == main.uiscreen {
-                Some("Primary".to_string())
-            } else if self.uiscreen == mirrored_uiscreen(&main).uiscreen {
-                Some("Mirrored".to_string())
-            } else {
-                uiscreens()
-                    .iter()
-                    .position(|rhs| rhs.uiscreen == self.uiscreen)
-                    .map(|idx| idx.to_string())
-            }
+        let main = UIScreen::main(MainThreadMarker::new().unwrap());
+        if self.uiscreen == main {
+            Some("Primary".to_string())
+        } else if self.uiscreen == main.mirroredScreen() {
+            Some("Mirrored".to_string())
+        } else {
+            UIScreen::screens(MainThreadMarker::new().unwrap())
+                .iter()
+                .position(|rhs| rhs == &*self.uiscreen)
+                .map(|idx| idx.to_string())
         }
     }
 
     pub fn size(&self) -> PhysicalSize<u32> {
-        unsafe {
-            let bounds: CGRect = msg_send![self.ui_screen(), nativeBounds];
-            PhysicalSize::new(bounds.size.width as u32, bounds.size.height as u32)
-        }
+        let bounds = self.uiscreen.nativeBounds();
+        PhysicalSize::new(bounds.size.width as u32, bounds.size.height as u32)
     }
 
     pub fn position(&self) -> PhysicalPosition<i32> {
-        unsafe {
-            let bounds: CGRect = msg_send![self.ui_screen(), nativeBounds];
-            (bounds.origin.x as f64, bounds.origin.y as f64).into()
-        }
+        let bounds = self.uiscreen.nativeBounds();
+        (bounds.origin.x as f64, bounds.origin.y as f64).into()
     }
 
     pub fn scale_factor(&self) -> f64 {
-        unsafe {
-            let scale: CGFloat = msg_send![self.ui_screen(), nativeScale];
-            scale as f64
-        }
+        self.uiscreen.nativeScale() as f64
     }
 
-    pub fn video_modes(&self) -> impl Iterator<Item = RootVideoMode> {
-        let mut modes = BTreeSet::new();
-        unsafe {
-            let available_modes: id = msg_send![self.uiscreen, availableModes];
-            let available_mode_count: NSUInteger = msg_send![available_modes, count];
-
-            for i in 0..available_mode_count {
-                let mode: id = msg_send![available_modes, objectAtIndex: i];
-                modes.insert(RootVideoMode {
-                    video_mode: VideoMode::retained_new(self.uiscreen, mode),
-                });
-            }
-        }
-
-        modes.into_iter()
+    pub fn refresh_rate_millihertz(&self) -> Option<u32> {
+        Some(refresh_rate_millihertz(&self.uiscreen))
     }
+
+    pub fn video_modes(&self) -> impl Iterator<Item = VideoMode> {
+        // Use Ord impl of RootVideoMode
+        let modes: BTreeSet<_> = self
+            .uiscreen
+            .availableModes()
+            .into_iter()
+            .map(|mode| {
+                let mode: *const UIScreenMode = mode;
+                let mode = unsafe { Id::retain(mode as *mut UIScreenMode).unwrap() };
+
+                RootVideoMode {
+                    video_mode: VideoMode::new(self.uiscreen.clone(), mode),
+                }
+            })
+            .collect();
+
+        modes.into_iter().map(|mode| mode.video_mode)
+    }
+}
+
+fn refresh_rate_millihertz(uiscreen: &UIScreen) -> u32 {
+    let refresh_rate_millihertz: NSInteger = {
+        let os_capabilities = app_state::os_capabilities();
+        if os_capabilities.maximum_frames_per_second {
+            uiscreen.maximumFramesPerSecond()
+        } else {
+            // https://developer.apple.com/library/archive/technotes/tn2460/_index.html
+            // https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPad_Pro#Model_comparison
+            //
+            // All iOS devices support 60 fps, and on devices where `maximumFramesPerSecond` is not
+            // supported, they are all guaranteed to have 60hz refresh rates. This does not
+            // correctly handle external displays. ProMotion displays support 120fps, but they were
+            // introduced at the same time as the `maximumFramesPerSecond` API.
+            //
+            // FIXME: earlier OSs could calculate the refresh rate using
+            // `-[CADisplayLink duration]`.
+            os_capabilities.maximum_frames_per_second_err_msg("defaulting to 60 fps");
+            60
+        }
+    };
+
+    refresh_rate_millihertz as u32 * 1000
 }
 
 // MonitorHandleExtIOS
 impl Inner {
-    pub fn ui_screen(&self) -> id {
-        self.uiscreen
+    pub(crate) fn ui_screen(&self) -> &Id<UIScreen, Shared> {
+        &self.uiscreen
     }
 
-    pub fn preferred_video_mode(&self) -> RootVideoMode {
-        unsafe {
-            let mode: id = msg_send![self.uiscreen, preferredMode];
-            RootVideoMode {
-                video_mode: VideoMode::retained_new(self.uiscreen, mode),
-            }
-        }
+    pub fn preferred_video_mode(&self) -> VideoMode {
+        VideoMode::new(
+            self.uiscreen.clone(),
+            self.uiscreen.preferredMode().unwrap(),
+        )
     }
 }
 
-// requires being run on main thread
-pub unsafe fn main_uiscreen() -> MonitorHandle {
-    let uiscreen: id = msg_send![class!(UIScreen), mainScreen];
-    MonitorHandle::retained_new(uiscreen)
-}
-
-// requires being run on main thread
-unsafe fn mirrored_uiscreen(monitor: &MonitorHandle) -> MonitorHandle {
-    let uiscreen: id = msg_send![monitor.uiscreen, mirroredScreen];
-    MonitorHandle::retained_new(uiscreen)
-}
-
-// requires being run on main thread
-pub unsafe fn uiscreens() -> VecDeque<MonitorHandle> {
-    let screens: id = msg_send![class!(UIScreen), screens];
-    let count: NSUInteger = msg_send![screens, count];
-    let mut result = VecDeque::with_capacity(count as _);
-    let screens_enum: id = msg_send![screens, objectEnumerator];
-    loop {
-        let screen: id = msg_send![screens_enum, nextObject];
-        if screen == nil {
-            break result;
-        }
-        result.push_back(MonitorHandle::retained_new(screen));
-    }
+pub fn uiscreens(mtm: MainThreadMarker) -> VecDeque<MonitorHandle> {
+    UIScreen::screens(mtm)
+        .into_iter()
+        .map(|screen| {
+            let screen: *const UIScreen = screen;
+            let screen = unsafe { Id::retain(screen as *mut UIScreen).unwrap() };
+            MonitorHandle::new(screen)
+        })
+        .collect()
 }

src/platform_impl/ios/uikit/application.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+use objc2::foundation::{CGRect, MainThreadMarker, NSArray, NSObject};
+use objc2::rc::{Id, Shared};
+use objc2::{extern_class, extern_methods, msg_send_id, ClassType};
+
+use super::{UIResponder, UIWindow};
+
+extern_class!(
+    #[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
+    pub(crate) struct UIApplication;
+
+    unsafe impl ClassType for UIApplication {
+        #[inherits(NSObject)]
+        type Super = UIResponder;
+    }
+);
+
+extern_methods!(
+    unsafe impl UIApplication {
+        pub fn shared(_mtm: MainThreadMarker) -> Option<Id<Self, Shared>> {
+            unsafe { msg_send_id![Self::class(), sharedApplication] }
+        }
+
+        pub fn windows(&self) -> Id<NSArray<UIWindow, Shared>, Shared> {
+            unsafe { msg_send_id![self, windows] }
+        }
+
+        #[sel(statusBarFrame)]
+        pub fn statusBarFrame(&self) -> CGRect;
+    }
+);

src/platform_impl/ios/uikit/coordinate_space.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+use objc2::foundation::NSObject;
+use objc2::{extern_class, ClassType};
+
+extern_class!(
+    #[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
+    pub(crate) struct UICoordinateSpace;
+
+    unsafe impl ClassType for UICoordinateSpace {
+        type Super = NSObject;
+    }
+);

src/platform_impl/ios/uikit/device.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+use objc2::foundation::{MainThreadMarker, NSObject};
+use objc2::rc::{Id, Shared};
+use objc2::{extern_class, extern_methods, msg_send_id, ClassType};
+
+use super::super::ffi::UIUserInterfaceIdiom;
+
+extern_class!(
+    #[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
+    pub(crate) struct UIDevice;
+
+    unsafe impl ClassType for UIDevice {
+        type Super = NSObject;
+    }
+);
+
+extern_methods!(
+    unsafe impl UIDevice {
+        pub fn current(_mtm: MainThreadMarker) -> Id<Self, Shared> {
+            unsafe { msg_send_id![Self::class(), currentDevice] }
+        }
+
+        #[sel(userInterfaceIdiom)]
+        pub fn userInterfaceIdiom(&self) -> UIUserInterfaceIdiom;
+    }
+);

src/platform_impl/ios/uikit/event.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+use objc2::foundation::NSObject;
+use objc2::{extern_class, ClassType};
+
+extern_class!(
+    #[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
+    pub(crate) struct UIEvent;
+
+    unsafe impl ClassType for UIEvent {
+        type Super = NSObject;
+    }
+);

src/platform_impl/ios/uikit/mod.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+#![deny(unsafe_op_in_unsafe_fn)]
+#![allow(non_snake_case)]
+#![allow(non_upper_case_globals)]
+
+use std::os::raw::{c_char, c_int};
+
+use objc2::foundation::NSString;
+
+mod application;
+mod coordinate_space;
+mod device;
+mod event;
+mod responder;
+mod screen;
+mod screen_mode;
+mod touch;
+mod trait_collection;
+mod view;
+mod view_controller;
+mod window;
+
+pub(crate) use self::application::UIApplication;
+pub(crate) use self::coordinate_space::UICoordinateSpace;
+pub(crate) use self::device::UIDevice;
+pub(crate) use self::event::UIEvent;
+pub(crate) use self::responder::UIResponder;
+pub(crate) use self::screen::{UIScreen, UIScreenOverscanCompensation};
+pub(crate) use self::screen_mode::UIScreenMode;
+pub(crate) use self::touch::{UITouch, UITouchPhase, UITouchType};
+pub(crate) use self::trait_collection::{UIForceTouchCapability, UITraitCollection};
+#[allow(unused_imports)]
+pub(crate) use self::view::{UIEdgeInsets, UIView};
+pub(crate) use self::view_controller::{UIInterfaceOrientationMask, UIViewController};
+pub(crate) use self::window::UIWindow;
+
+#[link(name = "UIKit", kind = "framework")]
+extern "C" {
+    pub fn UIApplicationMain(
+        argc: c_int,
+        argv: *const c_char,
+        principalClassName: Option<&NSString>,
+        delegateClassName: Option<&NSString>,
+    ) -> c_int;
+}

src/platform_impl/ios/uikit/responder.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+use objc2::foundation::NSObject;
+use objc2::{extern_class, ClassType};
+
+extern_class!(
+    #[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
+    pub(crate) struct UIResponder;
+
+    unsafe impl ClassType for UIResponder {
+        type Super = NSObject;
+    }
+);

src/platform_impl/ios/uikit/screen.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+use objc2::encode::{Encode, Encoding};
+use objc2::foundation::{CGFloat, CGRect, MainThreadMarker, NSArray, NSInteger, NSObject};
+use objc2::rc::{Id, Shared};
+use objc2::{extern_class, extern_methods, msg_send_id, ClassType};
+
+use super::{UICoordinateSpace, UIScreenMode};
+
+extern_class!(
+    #[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
+    pub(crate) struct UIScreen;
+
+    unsafe impl ClassType for UIScreen {
+        type Super = NSObject;
+    }
+);
+
+extern_methods!(
+    unsafe impl UIScreen {
+        pub fn main(_mtm: MainThreadMarker) -> Id<Self, Shared> {
+            unsafe { msg_send_id![Self::class(), mainScreen] }
+        }
+
+        pub fn screens(_mtm: MainThreadMarker) -> Id<NSArray<Self, Shared>, Shared> {
+            unsafe { msg_send_id![Self::class(), screens] }
+        }
+
+        #[sel(bounds)]
+        pub fn bounds(&self) -> CGRect;
+
+        #[sel(scale)]
+        pub fn scale(&self) -> CGFloat;
+
+        #[sel(nativeBounds)]
+        pub fn nativeBounds(&self) -> CGRect;
+
+        #[sel(nativeScale)]
+        pub fn nativeScale(&self) -> CGFloat;
+
+        #[sel(maximumFramesPerSecond)]
+        pub fn maximumFramesPerSecond(&self) -> NSInteger;
+
+        pub fn mirroredScreen(&self) -> Id<Self, Shared> {
+            unsafe { msg_send_id![Self::class(), mirroredScreen] }
+        }
+
+        pub fn preferredMode(&self) -> Option<Id<UIScreenMode, Shared>> {
+            unsafe { msg_send_id![self, preferredMode] }
+        }
+
+        #[sel(setCurrentMode:)]
+        pub fn setCurrentMode(&self, mode: Option<&UIScreenMode>);
+
+        pub fn availableModes(&self) -> Id<NSArray<UIScreenMode, Shared>, Shared> {
+            unsafe { msg_send_id![self, availableModes] }
+        }
+
+        #[sel(setOverscanCompensation:)]
+        pub fn setOverscanCompensation(&self, overscanCompensation: UIScreenOverscanCompensation);
+
+        pub fn coordinateSpace(&self) -> Id<UICoordinateSpace, Shared> {
+            unsafe { msg_send_id![self, coordinateSpace] }
+        }
+    }
+);
+
+#[repr(transparent)]
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub struct UIScreenOverscanCompensation(NSInteger);
+
+unsafe impl Encode for UIScreenOverscanCompensation {
+    const ENCODING: Encoding = NSInteger::ENCODING;
+}
+
+#[allow(dead_code)]
+impl UIScreenOverscanCompensation {
+    pub const Scale: Self = Self(0);
+    pub const InsetBounds: Self = Self(1);
+    pub const None: Self = Self(2);
+}

src/platform_impl/ios/uikit/screen_mode.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+use objc2::foundation::{CGSize, NSObject};
+use objc2::{extern_class, extern_methods, ClassType};
+
+extern_class!(
+    #[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
+    pub(crate) struct UIScreenMode;
+
+    unsafe impl ClassType for UIScreenMode {
+        type Super = NSObject;
+    }
+);
+
+extern_methods!(
+    unsafe impl UIScreenMode {
+        #[sel(size)]
+        pub fn size(&self) -> CGSize;
+    }
+);

src/platform_impl/ios/uikit/touch.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+use objc2::encode::{Encode, Encoding};
+use objc2::foundation::{CGFloat, CGPoint, NSInteger, NSObject};
+use objc2::{extern_class, extern_methods, ClassType};
+
+use super::UIView;
+
+extern_class!(
+    #[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
+    pub(crate) struct UITouch;
+
+    unsafe impl ClassType for UITouch {
+        type Super = NSObject;
+    }
+);
+
+extern_methods!(
+    unsafe impl UITouch {
+        #[sel(locationInView:)]
+        pub fn locationInView(&self, view: Option<&UIView>) -> CGPoint;
+
+        #[sel(type)]
+        pub fn type_(&self) -> UITouchType;
+
+        #[sel(force)]
+        pub fn force(&self) -> CGFloat;
+
+        #[sel(maximumPossibleForce)]
+        pub fn maximumPossibleForce(&self) -> CGFloat;
+
+        #[sel(altitudeAngle)]
+        pub fn altitudeAngle(&self) -> CGFloat;
+
+        #[sel(phase)]
+        pub fn phase(&self) -> UITouchPhase;
+    }
+);
+
+#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
+#[allow(dead_code)]
+#[repr(isize)]
+pub enum UITouchType {
+    Direct = 0,
+    Indirect,
+    Pencil,
+}
+
+unsafe impl Encode for UITouchType {
+    const ENCODING: Encoding = NSInteger::ENCODING;
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+#[allow(dead_code)]
+#[repr(isize)]
+pub enum UITouchPhase {
+    Began = 0,
+    Moved,
+    Stationary,
+    Ended,
+    Cancelled,
+}
+
+unsafe impl Encode for UITouchPhase {
+    const ENCODING: Encoding = NSInteger::ENCODING;
+}

src/platform_impl/ios/uikit/trait_collection.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+use objc2::encode::{Encode, Encoding};
+use objc2::foundation::{NSInteger, NSObject};
+use objc2::{extern_class, extern_methods, ClassType};
+
+extern_class!(
+    #[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
+    pub(crate) struct UITraitCollection;
+
+    unsafe impl ClassType for UITraitCollection {
+        type Super = NSObject;
+    }
+);
+
+extern_methods!(
+    unsafe impl UITraitCollection {
+        #[sel(forceTouchCapability)]
+        pub fn forceTouchCapability(&self) -> UIForceTouchCapability;
+    }
+);
+
+#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
+#[allow(dead_code)]
+#[repr(isize)]
+pub enum UIForceTouchCapability {
+    Unknown = 0,
+    Unavailable,
+    Available,
+}
+
+unsafe impl Encode for UIForceTouchCapability {
+    const ENCODING: Encoding = NSInteger::ENCODING;
+}

src/platform_impl/ios/uikit/view.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+use objc2::encode::{Encode, Encoding};
+use objc2::foundation::{CGFloat, CGRect, NSObject};
+use objc2::rc::{Id, Shared};
+use objc2::{extern_class, extern_methods, msg_send_id, ClassType};
+
+use super::{UICoordinateSpace, UIResponder, UIViewController};
+
+extern_class!(
+    #[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
+    pub(crate) struct UIView;
+
+    unsafe impl ClassType for UIView {
+        #[inherits(NSObject)]
+        type Super = UIResponder;
+    }
+);
+
+extern_methods!(
+    unsafe impl UIView {
+        #[sel(bounds)]
+        pub fn bounds(&self) -> CGRect;
+
+        #[sel(setBounds:)]
+        pub fn setBounds(&self, value: CGRect);
+
+        #[sel(frame)]
+        pub fn frame(&self) -> CGRect;
+
+        #[sel(setFrame:)]
+        pub fn setFrame(&self, value: CGRect);
+
+        #[sel(contentScaleFactor)]
+        pub fn contentScaleFactor(&self) -> CGFloat;
+
+        #[sel(setContentScaleFactor:)]
+        pub fn setContentScaleFactor(&self, val: CGFloat);
+
+        #[sel(setMultipleTouchEnabled:)]
+        pub fn setMultipleTouchEnabled(&self, val: bool);
+
+        pub fn rootViewController(&self) -> Option<Id<UIViewController, Shared>> {
+            unsafe { msg_send_id![self, rootViewController] }
+        }
+
+        #[sel(setRootViewController:)]
+        pub fn setRootViewController(&self, rootViewController: Option<&UIViewController>);
+
+        #[sel(convertRect:toCoordinateSpace:)]
+        pub fn convertRect_toCoordinateSpace(
+            &self,
+            rect: CGRect,
+            coordinateSpace: &UICoordinateSpace,
+        ) -> CGRect;
+
+        #[sel(convertRect:fromCoordinateSpace:)]
+        pub fn convertRect_fromCoordinateSpace(
+            &self,
+            rect: CGRect,
+            coordinateSpace: &UICoordinateSpace,
+        ) -> CGRect;
+
+        #[sel(safeAreaInsets)]
+        pub fn safeAreaInsets(&self) -> UIEdgeInsets;
+
+        #[sel(setNeedsDisplay)]
+        pub fn setNeedsDisplay(&self);
+    }
+);
+
+#[repr(C)]
+#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+pub struct UIEdgeInsets {
+    pub top: CGFloat,
+    pub left: CGFloat,
+    pub bottom: CGFloat,
+    pub right: CGFloat,
+}
+
+unsafe impl Encode for UIEdgeInsets {
+    const ENCODING: Encoding = Encoding::Struct(
+        "UIEdgeInsets",
+        &[
+            CGFloat::ENCODING,
+            CGFloat::ENCODING,
+            CGFloat::ENCODING,
+            CGFloat::ENCODING,
+        ],
+    );
+}

src/platform_impl/ios/uikit/view_controller.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+use objc2::encode::{Encode, Encoding};
+use objc2::foundation::{NSObject, NSUInteger};
+use objc2::rc::{Id, Shared};
+use objc2::{extern_class, extern_methods, msg_send_id, ClassType};
+
+use super::{UIResponder, UIView};
+
+extern_class!(
+    #[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
+    pub(crate) struct UIViewController;
+
+    unsafe impl ClassType for UIViewController {
+        #[inherits(NSObject)]
+        type Super = UIResponder;
+    }
+);
+
+extern_methods!(
+    unsafe impl UIViewController {
+        #[sel(attemptRotationToDeviceOrientation)]
+        pub fn attemptRotationToDeviceOrientation();
+
+        #[sel(setNeedsStatusBarAppearanceUpdate)]
+        pub fn setNeedsStatusBarAppearanceUpdate(&self);
+
+        #[sel(setNeedsUpdateOfHomeIndicatorAutoHidden)]
+        pub fn setNeedsUpdateOfHomeIndicatorAutoHidden(&self);
+
+        #[sel(setNeedsUpdateOfScreenEdgesDeferringSystemGestures)]
+        pub fn setNeedsUpdateOfScreenEdgesDeferringSystemGestures(&self);
+
+        pub fn view(&self) -> Option<Id<UIView, Shared>> {
+            unsafe { msg_send_id![self, view] }
+        }
+
+        #[sel(setView:)]
+        pub fn setView(&self, view: Option<&UIView>);
+    }
+);
+
+bitflags! {
+    pub struct UIInterfaceOrientationMask: NSUInteger {
+        const Portrait = 1 << 1;
+        const PortraitUpsideDown = 1 << 2;
+        const LandscapeRight = 1 << 3;
+        const LandscapeLeft = 1 << 4;
+        const Landscape = Self::LandscapeLeft.bits() | Self::LandscapeRight.bits();
+        const AllButUpsideDown = Self::Landscape.bits() | Self::Portrait.bits();
+        const All = Self::AllButUpsideDown.bits() | Self::PortraitUpsideDown.bits();
+    }
+}
+
+unsafe impl Encode for UIInterfaceOrientationMask {
+    const ENCODING: Encoding = NSUInteger::ENCODING;
+}

src/platform_impl/ios/uikit/window.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+use objc2::foundation::NSObject;
+use objc2::rc::{Id, Shared};
+use objc2::{extern_class, extern_methods, msg_send_id, ClassType};
+
+use super::{UIResponder, UIScreen, UIView};
+
+extern_class!(
+    #[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
+    pub(crate) struct UIWindow;
+
+    unsafe impl ClassType for UIWindow {
+        #[inherits(UIResponder, NSObject)]
+        type Super = UIView;
+    }
+);
+
+extern_methods!(
+    unsafe impl UIWindow {
+        pub fn screen(&self) -> Id<UIScreen, Shared> {
+            unsafe { msg_send_id![self, screen] }
+        }
+
+        #[sel(setScreen:)]
+        pub fn setScreen(&self, screen: &UIScreen);
+
+        #[sel(setHidden:)]
+        pub fn setHidden(&self, flag: bool);
+
+        #[sel(makeKeyAndVisible)]
+        pub fn makeKeyAndVisible(&self);
+
+        #[sel(isKeyWindow)]
+        pub fn isKeyWindow(&self) -> bool;
+    }
+);

src/platform_impl/ios/window.rs

@@ -1,63 +1,60 @@
-use raw_window_handle::{ios::IOSHandle, RawWindowHandle};
+#![allow(clippy::unnecessary_cast)]
+
 use std::{
     collections::VecDeque,
+    ffi::c_void,
     ops::{Deref, DerefMut},
 };
 
-use objc::runtime::{Class, Object, BOOL, NO, YES};
+use objc2::foundation::{CGFloat, CGPoint, CGRect, CGSize, MainThreadMarker};
+use objc2::rc::{Id, Shared};
+use objc2::runtime::Object;
+use objc2::{class, msg_send};
+use raw_window_handle::{RawDisplayHandle, RawWindowHandle, UiKitDisplayHandle, UiKitWindowHandle};
 
+use super::uikit::{UIApplication, UIScreen, UIScreenOverscanCompensation};
+use super::view::{WinitUIWindow, WinitView, WinitViewController};
 use crate::{
     dpi::{self, LogicalPosition, LogicalSize, PhysicalPosition, PhysicalSize, Position, Size},
     error::{ExternalError, NotSupportedError, OsError as RootOsError},
     event::{Event, WindowEvent},
     icon::Icon,
-    monitor::MonitorHandle as RootMonitorHandle,
-    platform::ios::{MonitorHandleExtIOS, ScreenEdge, ValidOrientations},
+    platform::ios::{ScreenEdge, ValidOrientations},
     platform_impl::platform::{
         app_state,
-        event_loop::{self, EventProxy, EventWrapper},
-        ffi::{
-            id, CGFloat, CGPoint, CGRect, CGSize, UIEdgeInsets, UIInterfaceOrientationMask,
-            UIRectEdge, UIScreenOverscanCompensation,
-        },
-        monitor, view, EventLoopWindowTarget, MonitorHandle,
+        event_loop::{EventProxy, EventWrapper},
+        ffi::UIRectEdge,
+        monitor, EventLoopWindowTarget, Fullscreen, MonitorHandle,
     },
     window::{
-        CursorIcon, Fullscreen, UserAttentionType, WindowAttributes, WindowId as RootWindowId,
+        CursorGrabMode, CursorIcon, ImePurpose, ResizeDirection, Theme, UserAttentionType,
+        WindowAttributes, WindowButtons, WindowId as RootWindowId, WindowLevel,
     },
 };
 
 pub struct Inner {
-    pub window: id,
-    pub view_controller: id,
-    pub view: id,
+    pub(crate) window: Id<WinitUIWindow, Shared>,
+    pub(crate) view_controller: Id<WinitViewController, Shared>,
+    pub(crate) view: Id<WinitView, Shared>,
     gl_or_metal_backed: bool,
 }
 
-impl Drop for Inner {
-    fn drop(&mut self) {
-        unsafe {
-            let () = msg_send![self.view, release];
-            let () = msg_send![self.view_controller, release];
-            let () = msg_send![self.window, release];
-        }
-    }
-}
-
 impl Inner {
     pub fn set_title(&self, _title: &str) {
         debug!("`Window::set_title` is ignored on iOS")
     }
 
+    pub fn set_transparent(&self, _transparent: bool) {
+        debug!("`Window::set_transparent` is ignored on iOS")
+    }
+
     pub fn set_visible(&self, visible: bool) {
-        match visible {
-            true => unsafe {
-                let () = msg_send![self.window, setHidden: NO];
-            },
-            false => unsafe {
-                let () = msg_send![self.window, setHidden: YES];
-            },
-        }
+        self.window.setHidden(!visible)
+    }
+
+    pub fn is_visible(&self) -> Option<bool> {
+        warn!("`Window::is_visible` is ignored on iOS");
+        None
     }
 
     pub fn request_redraw(&self) {
@@ -71,9 +68,9 @@ impl Inner {
                 // testing.
                 //
                 // https://developer.apple.com/documentation/uikit/uiview/1622437-setneedsdisplay?language=objc
-                app_state::queue_gl_or_metal_redraw(self.window);
+                app_state::queue_gl_or_metal_redraw(self.window.clone());
             } else {
-                let () = msg_send![self.view, setNeedsDisplay];
+                self.view.setNeedsDisplay();
             }
         }
     }
@@ -114,8 +111,8 @@ impl Inner {
                 },
                 size: screen_frame.size,
             };
-            let bounds = self.from_screen_space(new_screen_frame);
-            let () = msg_send![self.window, setBounds: bounds];
+            let bounds = self.rect_from_screen_space(new_screen_frame);
+            self.window.setBounds(bounds);
         }
     }
 
@@ -155,15 +152,37 @@ impl Inner {
         warn!("`Window::set_max_inner_size` is ignored on iOS")
     }
 
+    pub fn resize_increments(&self) -> Option<PhysicalSize<u32>> {
+        None
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn set_resize_increments(&self, _increments: Option<Size>) {
+        warn!("`Window::set_resize_increments` is ignored on iOS")
+    }
+
     pub fn set_resizable(&self, _resizable: bool) {
         warn!("`Window::set_resizable` is ignored on iOS")
     }
 
+    pub fn is_resizable(&self) -> bool {
+        warn!("`Window::is_resizable` is ignored on iOS");
+        false
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn set_enabled_buttons(&self, _buttons: WindowButtons) {
+        warn!("`Window::set_enabled_buttons` is ignored on iOS");
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn enabled_buttons(&self) -> WindowButtons {
+        warn!("`Window::enabled_buttons` is ignored on iOS");
+        WindowButtons::all()
+    }
+
     pub fn scale_factor(&self) -> f64 {
-        unsafe {
-            let hidpi: CGFloat = msg_send![self.view, contentScaleFactor];
-            hidpi as _
-        }
+        self.view.contentScaleFactor() as _
     }
 
     pub fn set_cursor_icon(&self, _cursor: CursorIcon) {
@@ -174,7 +193,7 @@ impl Inner {
         Err(ExternalError::NotSupported(NotSupportedError::new()))
     }
 
-    pub fn set_cursor_grab(&self, _grab: bool) -> Result<(), ExternalError> {
+    pub fn set_cursor_grab(&self, _: CursorGrabMode) -> Result<(), ExternalError> {
         Err(ExternalError::NotSupported(NotSupportedError::new()))
     }
 
@@ -186,10 +205,23 @@ impl Inner {
         Err(ExternalError::NotSupported(NotSupportedError::new()))
     }
 
+    pub fn drag_resize_window(&self, _direction: ResizeDirection) -> Result<(), ExternalError> {
+        Err(ExternalError::NotSupported(NotSupportedError::new()))
+    }
+
+    pub fn set_cursor_hittest(&self, _hittest: bool) -> Result<(), ExternalError> {
+        Err(ExternalError::NotSupported(NotSupportedError::new()))
+    }
+
     pub fn set_minimized(&self, _minimized: bool) {
         warn!("`Window::set_minimized` is ignored on iOS")
     }
 
+    pub fn is_minimized(&self) -> Option<bool> {
+        warn!("`Window::is_minimized` is ignored on iOS");
+        None
+    }
+
     pub fn set_maximized(&self, _maximized: bool) {
         warn!("`Window::set_maximized` is ignored on iOS")
     }
@@ -199,48 +231,42 @@ impl Inner {
         false
     }
 
-    pub fn set_fullscreen(&self, monitor: Option<Fullscreen>) {
-        unsafe {
-            let uiscreen = match monitor {
-                Some(Fullscreen::Exclusive(video_mode)) => {
-                    let uiscreen = video_mode.video_mode.monitor.ui_screen() as id;
-                    let () = msg_send![uiscreen, setCurrentMode: video_mode.video_mode.screen_mode];
-                    uiscreen
-                }
-                Some(Fullscreen::Borderless(monitor)) => monitor
-                    .unwrap_or_else(|| self.current_monitor_inner())
-                    .ui_screen() as id,
-                None => {
-                    warn!("`Window::set_fullscreen(None)` ignored on iOS");
-                    return;
-                }
-            };
-
-            // this is pretty slow on iOS, so avoid doing it if we can
-            let current: id = msg_send![self.window, screen];
-            if uiscreen != current {
-                let () = msg_send![self.window, setScreen: uiscreen];
+    pub(crate) fn set_fullscreen(&self, monitor: Option<Fullscreen>) {
+        let uiscreen = match &monitor {
+            Some(Fullscreen::Exclusive(video_mode)) => {
+                let uiscreen = video_mode.monitor.ui_screen();
+                uiscreen.setCurrentMode(Some(&video_mode.screen_mode.0));
+                uiscreen.clone()
             }
+            Some(Fullscreen::Borderless(Some(monitor))) => monitor.ui_screen().clone(),
+            Some(Fullscreen::Borderless(None)) => self.current_monitor_inner().ui_screen().clone(),
+            None => {
+                warn!("`Window::set_fullscreen(None)` ignored on iOS");
+                return;
+            }
+        };
 
-            let bounds: CGRect = msg_send![uiscreen, bounds];
-            let () = msg_send![self.window, setFrame: bounds];
-
-            // For external displays, we must disable overscan compensation or
-            // the displayed image will have giant black bars surrounding it on
-            // each side
-            let () = msg_send![
-                uiscreen,
-                setOverscanCompensation: UIScreenOverscanCompensation::None
-            ];
+        // this is pretty slow on iOS, so avoid doing it if we can
+        let current = self.window.screen();
+        if uiscreen != current {
+            self.window.setScreen(&uiscreen);
         }
+
+        let bounds = uiscreen.bounds();
+        self.window.setFrame(bounds);
+
+        // For external displays, we must disable overscan compensation or
+        // the displayed image will have giant black bars surrounding it on
+        // each side
+        uiscreen.setOverscanCompensation(UIScreenOverscanCompensation::None);
     }
 
-    pub fn fullscreen(&self) -> Option<Fullscreen> {
+    pub(crate) fn fullscreen(&self) -> Option<Fullscreen> {
         unsafe {
             let monitor = self.current_monitor_inner();
-            let uiscreen = monitor.inner.ui_screen();
+            let uiscreen = monitor.ui_screen();
             let screen_space_bounds = self.screen_frame();
-            let screen_bounds: CGRect = msg_send![uiscreen, bounds];
+            let screen_bounds = uiscreen.bounds();
 
             // TODO: track fullscreen instead of relying on brittle float comparisons
             if screen_space_bounds.origin.x == screen_bounds.origin.x
@@ -255,12 +281,14 @@ impl Inner {
         }
     }
 
-    pub fn set_decorations(&self, _decorations: bool) {
-        warn!("`Window::set_decorations` is ignored on iOS")
+    pub fn set_decorations(&self, _decorations: bool) {}
+
+    pub fn is_decorated(&self) -> bool {
+        true
     }
 
-    pub fn set_always_on_top(&self, _always_on_top: bool) {
-        warn!("`Window::set_always_on_top` is ignored on iOS")
+    pub fn set_window_level(&self, _level: WindowLevel) {
+        warn!("`Window::set_window_level` is ignored on iOS")
     }
 
     pub fn set_window_icon(&self, _icon: Option<Icon>) {
@@ -271,45 +299,74 @@ impl Inner {
         warn!("`Window::set_ime_position` is ignored on iOS")
     }
 
+    pub fn set_ime_allowed(&self, _allowed: bool) {
+        warn!("`Window::set_ime_allowed` is ignored on iOS")
+    }
+
+    pub fn set_ime_purpose(&self, _purpose: ImePurpose) {
+        warn!("`Window::set_ime_allowed` is ignored on iOS")
+    }
+
+    pub fn focus_window(&self) {
+        warn!("`Window::set_focus` is ignored on iOS")
+    }
+
     pub fn request_user_attention(&self, _request_type: Option<UserAttentionType>) {
         warn!("`Window::request_user_attention` is ignored on iOS")
     }
 
     // Allow directly accessing the current monitor internally without unwrapping.
-    fn current_monitor_inner(&self) -> RootMonitorHandle {
-        unsafe {
-            let uiscreen: id = msg_send![self.window, screen];
-            RootMonitorHandle {
-                inner: MonitorHandle::retained_new(uiscreen),
-            }
-        }
+    fn current_monitor_inner(&self) -> MonitorHandle {
+        MonitorHandle::new(self.window.screen())
     }
 
-    pub fn current_monitor(&self) -> Option<RootMonitorHandle> {
+    pub fn current_monitor(&self) -> Option<MonitorHandle> {
         Some(self.current_monitor_inner())
     }
 
     pub fn available_monitors(&self) -> VecDeque<MonitorHandle> {
-        unsafe { monitor::uiscreens() }
+        monitor::uiscreens(MainThreadMarker::new().unwrap())
     }
 
-    pub fn primary_monitor(&self) -> Option<RootMonitorHandle> {
-        let monitor = unsafe { monitor::main_uiscreen() };
-        Some(RootMonitorHandle { inner: monitor })
+    pub fn primary_monitor(&self) -> Option<MonitorHandle> {
+        Some(MonitorHandle::new(UIScreen::main(
+            MainThreadMarker::new().unwrap(),
+        )))
     }
 
     pub fn id(&self) -> WindowId {
-        self.window.into()
+        self.window.id()
     }
 
     pub fn raw_window_handle(&self) -> RawWindowHandle {
-        let handle = IOSHandle {
-            ui_window: self.window as _,
-            ui_view: self.view as _,
-            ui_view_controller: self.view_controller as _,
-            ..IOSHandle::empty()
-        };
-        RawWindowHandle::IOS(handle)
+        let mut window_handle = UiKitWindowHandle::empty();
+        window_handle.ui_window = Id::as_ptr(&self.window) as _;
+        window_handle.ui_view = Id::as_ptr(&self.view) as _;
+        window_handle.ui_view_controller = Id::as_ptr(&self.view_controller) as _;
+        RawWindowHandle::UiKit(window_handle)
+    }
+
+    pub fn raw_display_handle(&self) -> RawDisplayHandle {
+        RawDisplayHandle::UiKit(UiKitDisplayHandle::empty())
+    }
+
+    pub fn theme(&self) -> Option<Theme> {
+        warn!("`Window::theme` is ignored on iOS");
+        None
+    }
+
+    pub fn has_focus(&self) -> bool {
+        self.window.isKeyWindow()
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn set_theme(&self, _theme: Option<Theme>) {
+        warn!("`Window::set_theme` is ignored on iOS");
+    }
+
+    pub fn title(&self) -> String {
+        warn!("`Window::title` is ignored on iOS");
+        String::new()
     }
 }
 
@@ -319,9 +376,7 @@ pub struct Window {
 
 impl Drop for Window {
     fn drop(&mut self) {
-        unsafe {
-            assert_main_thread!("`Window::drop` can only be run on the main thread on iOS");
-        }
+        assert_main_thread!("`Window::drop` can only be run on the main thread on iOS");
     }
 }
 
@@ -332,232 +387,192 @@ impl Deref for Window {
     type Target = Inner;
 
     fn deref(&self) -> &Inner {
-        unsafe {
-            assert_main_thread!("`Window` methods can only be run on the main thread on iOS");
-        }
+        assert_main_thread!("`Window` methods can only be run on the main thread on iOS");
         &self.inner
     }
 }
 
 impl DerefMut for Window {
     fn deref_mut(&mut self) -> &mut Inner {
-        unsafe {
-            assert_main_thread!("`Window` methods can only be run on the main thread on iOS");
-        }
+        assert_main_thread!("`Window` methods can only be run on the main thread on iOS");
         &mut self.inner
     }
 }
 
 impl Window {
-    pub fn new<T>(
+    pub(crate) fn new<T>(
         _event_loop: &EventLoopWindowTarget<T>,
         window_attributes: WindowAttributes,
         platform_attributes: PlatformSpecificWindowBuilderAttributes,
     ) -> Result<Window, RootOsError> {
-        if let Some(_) = window_attributes.min_inner_size {
+        let mtm = MainThreadMarker::new().unwrap();
+
+        if window_attributes.min_inner_size.is_some() {
             warn!("`WindowAttributes::min_inner_size` is ignored on iOS");
         }
-        if let Some(_) = window_attributes.max_inner_size {
+        if window_attributes.max_inner_size.is_some() {
             warn!("`WindowAttributes::max_inner_size` is ignored on iOS");
         }
-        if window_attributes.always_on_top {
-            warn!("`WindowAttributes::always_on_top` is unsupported on iOS");
-        }
+
         // TODO: transparency, visible
 
-        unsafe {
-            let screen = match window_attributes.fullscreen {
-                Some(Fullscreen::Exclusive(ref video_mode)) => {
-                    video_mode.video_mode.monitor.ui_screen() as id
-                }
-                Some(Fullscreen::Borderless(Some(ref monitor))) => monitor.inner.ui_screen(),
-                Some(Fullscreen::Borderless(None)) | None => {
-                    monitor::main_uiscreen().ui_screen() as id
+        let main_screen = UIScreen::main(mtm);
+        let fullscreen = window_attributes.fullscreen.clone().map(Into::into);
+        let screen = match fullscreen {
+            Some(Fullscreen::Exclusive(ref video_mode)) => video_mode.monitor.ui_screen(),
+            Some(Fullscreen::Borderless(Some(ref monitor))) => monitor.ui_screen(),
+            Some(Fullscreen::Borderless(None)) | None => &main_screen,
+        };
+
+        let screen_bounds = screen.bounds();
+
+        let frame = match window_attributes.inner_size {
+            Some(dim) => {
+                let scale_factor = screen.scale();
+                let size = dim.to_logical::<f64>(scale_factor as f64);
+                CGRect {
+                    origin: screen_bounds.origin,
+                    size: CGSize {
+                        width: size.width as _,
+                        height: size.height as _,
+                    },
                 }
+            }
+            None => screen_bounds,
+        };
+
+        let view = WinitView::new(mtm, &window_attributes, &platform_attributes, frame);
+
+        let gl_or_metal_backed = unsafe {
+            let layer_class = WinitView::layerClass();
+            let is_metal = msg_send![layer_class, isSubclassOfClass: class!(CAMetalLayer)];
+            let is_gl = msg_send![layer_class, isSubclassOfClass: class!(CAEAGLLayer)];
+            is_metal || is_gl
+        };
+
+        let view_controller =
+            WinitViewController::new(mtm, &window_attributes, &platform_attributes, &view);
+        let window = WinitUIWindow::new(
+            mtm,
+            &window_attributes,
+            &platform_attributes,
+            frame,
+            &view_controller,
+        );
+
+        unsafe { app_state::set_key_window(&window) };
+
+        // Like the Windows and macOS backends, we send a `ScaleFactorChanged` and `Resized`
+        // event on window creation if the DPI factor != 1.0
+        let scale_factor = view.contentScaleFactor();
+        let scale_factor = scale_factor as f64;
+        if scale_factor != 1.0 {
+            let bounds = view.bounds();
+            let screen = window.screen();
+            let screen_space = screen.coordinateSpace();
+            let screen_frame = view.convertRect_toCoordinateSpace(bounds, &screen_space);
+            let size = crate::dpi::LogicalSize {
+                width: screen_frame.size.width as _,
+                height: screen_frame.size.height as _,
             };
-
-            let screen_bounds: CGRect = msg_send![screen, bounds];
-
-            let frame = match window_attributes.inner_size {
-                Some(dim) => {
-                    let scale_factor = msg_send![screen, scale];
-                    let size = dim.to_logical::<f64>(scale_factor);
-                    CGRect {
-                        origin: screen_bounds.origin,
-                        size: CGSize {
-                            width: size.width as _,
-                            height: size.height as _,
-                        },
-                    }
-                }
-                None => screen_bounds,
-            };
-
-            let view = view::create_view(&window_attributes, &platform_attributes, frame.clone());
-
-            let gl_or_metal_backed = {
-                let view_class: id = msg_send![view, class];
-                let layer_class: id = msg_send![view_class, layerClass];
-                let is_metal: BOOL =
-                    msg_send![layer_class, isSubclassOfClass: class!(CAMetalLayer)];
-                let is_gl: BOOL = msg_send![layer_class, isSubclassOfClass: class!(CAEAGLLayer)];
-                is_metal == YES || is_gl == YES
-            };
-
-            let view_controller =
-                view::create_view_controller(&window_attributes, &platform_attributes, view);
-            let window = view::create_window(
-                &window_attributes,
-                &platform_attributes,
-                frame,
-                view_controller,
-            );
-
-            let result = Window {
-                inner: Inner {
-                    window,
-                    view_controller,
-                    view,
-                    gl_or_metal_backed,
-                },
-            };
-            app_state::set_key_window(window);
-
-            // Like the Windows and macOS backends, we send a `ScaleFactorChanged` and `Resized`
-            // event on window creation if the DPI factor != 1.0
-            let scale_factor: CGFloat = msg_send![view, contentScaleFactor];
-            let scale_factor: f64 = scale_factor.into();
-            if scale_factor != 1.0 {
-                let bounds: CGRect = msg_send![view, bounds];
-                let screen: id = msg_send![window, screen];
-                let screen_space: id = msg_send![screen, coordinateSpace];
-                let screen_frame: CGRect =
-                    msg_send![view, convertRect:bounds toCoordinateSpace:screen_space];
-                let size = crate::dpi::LogicalSize {
-                    width: screen_frame.size.width as _,
-                    height: screen_frame.size.height as _,
-                };
+            let window_id = RootWindowId(window.id());
+            unsafe {
                 app_state::handle_nonuser_events(
                     std::iter::once(EventWrapper::EventProxy(EventProxy::DpiChangedProxy {
-                        window_id: window,
+                        window: window.clone(),
                         scale_factor,
                         suggested_size: size,
                     }))
                     .chain(std::iter::once(EventWrapper::StaticEvent(
                         Event::WindowEvent {
-                            window_id: RootWindowId(window.into()),
+                            window_id,
                             event: WindowEvent::Resized(size.to_physical(scale_factor)),
                         },
                     ))),
                 );
             }
-
-            Ok(result)
         }
+
+        Ok(Window {
+            inner: Inner {
+                window,
+                view_controller,
+                view,
+                gl_or_metal_backed,
+            },
+        })
     }
 }
 
 // WindowExtIOS
 impl Inner {
-    pub fn ui_window(&self) -> id {
-        self.window
+    pub fn ui_window(&self) -> *mut c_void {
+        Id::as_ptr(&self.window) as *mut c_void
     }
-    pub fn ui_view_controller(&self) -> id {
-        self.view_controller
+    pub fn ui_view_controller(&self) -> *mut c_void {
+        Id::as_ptr(&self.view_controller) as *mut c_void
     }
-    pub fn ui_view(&self) -> id {
-        self.view
+    pub fn ui_view(&self) -> *mut c_void {
+        Id::as_ptr(&self.view) as *mut c_void
     }
 
     pub fn set_scale_factor(&self, scale_factor: f64) {
-        unsafe {
-            assert!(
-                dpi::validate_scale_factor(scale_factor),
-                "`WindowExtIOS::set_scale_factor` received an invalid hidpi factor"
-            );
-            let scale_factor = scale_factor as CGFloat;
-            let () = msg_send![self.view, setContentScaleFactor: scale_factor];
-        }
+        assert!(
+            dpi::validate_scale_factor(scale_factor),
+            "`WindowExtIOS::set_scale_factor` received an invalid hidpi factor"
+        );
+        let scale_factor = scale_factor as CGFloat;
+        self.view.setContentScaleFactor(scale_factor);
     }
 
     pub fn set_valid_orientations(&self, valid_orientations: ValidOrientations) {
-        unsafe {
-            let idiom = event_loop::get_idiom();
-            let supported_orientations = UIInterfaceOrientationMask::from_valid_orientations_idiom(
-                valid_orientations,
-                idiom,
-            );
-            msg_send![
-                self.view_controller,
-                setSupportedInterfaceOrientations: supported_orientations
-            ]
-        }
+        self.view_controller.set_supported_interface_orientations(
+            MainThreadMarker::new().unwrap(),
+            valid_orientations,
+        );
     }
 
     pub fn set_prefers_home_indicator_hidden(&self, hidden: bool) {
-        unsafe {
-            let prefers_home_indicator_hidden = if hidden { YES } else { NO };
-            let () = msg_send![
-                self.view_controller,
-                setPrefersHomeIndicatorAutoHidden: prefers_home_indicator_hidden
-            ];
-        }
+        self.view_controller
+            .setPrefersHomeIndicatorAutoHidden(hidden);
     }
 
     pub fn set_preferred_screen_edges_deferring_system_gestures(&self, edges: ScreenEdge) {
         let edges: UIRectEdge = edges.into();
-        unsafe {
-            let () = msg_send![
-                self.view_controller,
-                setPreferredScreenEdgesDeferringSystemGestures: edges
-            ];
-        }
+        self.view_controller
+            .setPreferredScreenEdgesDeferringSystemGestures(edges);
     }
 
     pub fn set_prefers_status_bar_hidden(&self, hidden: bool) {
-        unsafe {
-            let status_bar_hidden = if hidden { YES } else { NO };
-            let () = msg_send![
-                self.view_controller,
-                setPrefersStatusBarHidden: status_bar_hidden
-            ];
-        }
+        self.view_controller.setPrefersStatusBarHidden(hidden);
     }
 }
 
 impl Inner {
     // requires main thread
     unsafe fn screen_frame(&self) -> CGRect {
-        self.to_screen_space(msg_send![self.window, bounds])
+        self.rect_to_screen_space(self.window.bounds())
     }
 
     // requires main thread
-    unsafe fn to_screen_space(&self, rect: CGRect) -> CGRect {
-        let screen: id = msg_send![self.window, screen];
-        if !screen.is_null() {
-            let screen_space: id = msg_send![screen, coordinateSpace];
-            msg_send![self.window, convertRect:rect toCoordinateSpace:screen_space]
-        } else {
-            rect
-        }
+    unsafe fn rect_to_screen_space(&self, rect: CGRect) -> CGRect {
+        let screen_space = self.window.screen().coordinateSpace();
+        self.window
+            .convertRect_toCoordinateSpace(rect, &screen_space)
     }
 
     // requires main thread
-    unsafe fn from_screen_space(&self, rect: CGRect) -> CGRect {
-        let screen: id = msg_send![self.window, screen];
-        if !screen.is_null() {
-            let screen_space: id = msg_send![screen, coordinateSpace];
-            msg_send![self.window, convertRect:rect fromCoordinateSpace:screen_space]
-        } else {
-            rect
-        }
+    unsafe fn rect_from_screen_space(&self, rect: CGRect) -> CGRect {
+        let screen_space = self.window.screen().coordinateSpace();
+        self.window
+            .convertRect_fromCoordinateSpace(rect, &screen_space)
     }
 
     // requires main thread
     unsafe fn safe_area_screen_space(&self) -> CGRect {
-        let bounds: CGRect = msg_send![self.window, bounds];
+        let bounds = self.window.bounds();
         if app_state::os_capabilities().safe_area {
-            let safe_area: UIEdgeInsets = msg_send![self.window, safeAreaInsets];
+            let safe_area = self.window.safeAreaInsets();
             let safe_bounds = CGRect {
                 origin: CGPoint {
                     x: bounds.origin.x + safe_area.left,
@@ -568,16 +583,14 @@ impl Inner {
                     height: bounds.size.height - safe_area.top - safe_area.bottom,
                 },
             };
-            self.to_screen_space(safe_bounds)
+            self.rect_to_screen_space(safe_bounds)
         } else {
-            let screen_frame = self.to_screen_space(bounds);
-            let status_bar_frame: CGRect = {
-                let app: id = msg_send![class!(UIApplication), sharedApplication];
-                assert!(
-                    !app.is_null(),
-                    "`Window::get_inner_position` cannot be called before `EventLoop::run` on iOS"
+            let screen_frame = self.rect_to_screen_space(bounds);
+            let status_bar_frame = {
+                let app = UIApplication::shared(MainThreadMarker::new().unwrap_unchecked()).expect(
+                    "`Window::get_inner_position` cannot be called before `EventLoop::run` on iOS",
                 );
-                msg_send![app, statusBarFrame]
+                app.statusBarFrame()
             };
             let (y, height) = if screen_frame.origin.y > status_bar_frame.size.height {
                 (screen_frame.origin.y, screen_frame.size.height)
@@ -603,17 +616,31 @@ impl Inner {
 
 #[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord, Hash)]
 pub struct WindowId {
-    window: id,
+    window: *mut WinitUIWindow,
 }
 
 impl WindowId {
-    pub unsafe fn dummy() -> Self {
+    pub const unsafe fn dummy() -> Self {
         WindowId {
             window: std::ptr::null_mut(),
         }
     }
 }
 
+impl From<WindowId> for u64 {
+    fn from(window_id: WindowId) -> Self {
+        window_id.window as u64
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<u64> for WindowId {
+    fn from(raw_id: u64) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            window: raw_id as _,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 unsafe impl Send for WindowId {}
 unsafe impl Sync for WindowId {}
 
@@ -625,39 +652,11 @@ impl From<&Object> for WindowId {
     }
 }
 
-impl From<&mut Object> for WindowId {
-    fn from(window: &mut Object) -> WindowId {
-        WindowId {
-            window: window as _,
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-impl From<id> for WindowId {
-    fn from(window: id) -> WindowId {
-        WindowId { window }
-    }
-}
-
-#[derive(Clone)]
+#[derive(Clone, Default)]
 pub struct PlatformSpecificWindowBuilderAttributes {
-    pub root_view_class: &'static Class,
     pub scale_factor: Option<f64>,
     pub valid_orientations: ValidOrientations,
     pub prefers_home_indicator_hidden: bool,
     pub prefers_status_bar_hidden: bool,
     pub preferred_screen_edges_deferring_system_gestures: ScreenEdge,
 }
-
-impl Default for PlatformSpecificWindowBuilderAttributes {
-    fn default() -> PlatformSpecificWindowBuilderAttributes {
-        PlatformSpecificWindowBuilderAttributes {
-            root_view_class: class!(UIView),
-            scale_factor: None,
-            valid_orientations: Default::default(),
-            prefers_home_indicator_hidden: false,
-            prefers_status_bar_hidden: false,
-            preferred_screen_edges_deferring_system_gestures: Default::default(),
-        }
-    }
-}

src/platform_impl/linux/mod.rs

@@ -1,43 +1,50 @@
-#![cfg(any(
-    target_os = "linux",
-    target_os = "dragonfly",
-    target_os = "freebsd",
-    target_os = "netbsd",
-    target_os = "openbsd"
-))]
+#![cfg(free_unix)]
 
-#[cfg(all(not(feature = "x11"), not(feature = "wayland")))]
+#[cfg(all(not(x11_platform), not(wayland_platform)))]
 compile_error!("Please select a feature to build for unix: `x11`, `wayland`");
 
-#[cfg(feature = "wayland")]
+#[cfg(wayland_platform)]
 use std::error::Error;
+
 use std::{collections::VecDeque, env, fmt};
-#[cfg(feature = "x11")]
-use std::{ffi::CStr, mem::MaybeUninit, os::raw::*, sync::Arc};
+#[cfg(x11_platform)]
+use std::{
+    ffi::CStr,
+    mem::MaybeUninit,
+    os::raw::*,
+    sync::{Arc, Mutex},
+};
 
-#[cfg(feature = "x11")]
-use parking_lot::Mutex;
-use raw_window_handle::RawWindowHandle;
+#[cfg(x11_platform)]
+use once_cell::sync::Lazy;
+use raw_window_handle::{RawDisplayHandle, RawWindowHandle};
 
-#[cfg(feature = "x11")]
+#[cfg(x11_platform)]
 pub use self::x11::XNotSupported;
-#[cfg(feature = "x11")]
+#[cfg(x11_platform)]
 use self::x11::{ffi::XVisualInfo, util::WindowType as XWindowType, XConnection, XError};
+#[cfg(x11_platform)]
+use crate::platform::x11::XlibErrorHook;
 use crate::{
     dpi::{PhysicalPosition, PhysicalSize, Position, Size},
     error::{ExternalError, NotSupportedError, OsError as RootOsError},
     event::Event,
-    event_loop::{ControlFlow, EventLoopClosed, EventLoopWindowTarget as RootELW},
+    event_loop::{
+        ControlFlow, DeviceEventFilter, EventLoopClosed, EventLoopWindowTarget as RootELW,
+    },
     icon::Icon,
-    monitor::{MonitorHandle as RootMonitorHandle, VideoMode as RootVideoMode},
-    window::{CursorIcon, Fullscreen, UserAttentionType, WindowAttributes},
+    window::{
+        CursorGrabMode, CursorIcon, ImePurpose, ResizeDirection, Theme, UserAttentionType,
+        WindowAttributes, WindowButtons, WindowLevel,
+    },
 };
 
 pub(crate) use crate::icon::RgbaIcon as PlatformIcon;
+pub(self) use crate::platform_impl::Fullscreen;
 
-#[cfg(feature = "wayland")]
+#[cfg(wayland_platform)]
 pub mod wayland;
-#[cfg(feature = "x11")]
+#[cfg(x11_platform)]
 pub mod x11;
 
 /// Environment variable specifying which backend should be used on unix platform.
@@ -49,128 +56,142 @@ pub mod x11;
 /// If this variable is set with any other value, winit will panic.
 const BACKEND_PREFERENCE_ENV_VAR: &str = "WINIT_UNIX_BACKEND";
 
+#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
+pub(crate) enum Backend {
+    #[cfg(x11_platform)]
+    X,
+    #[cfg(wayland_platform)]
+    Wayland,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Default, Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
+pub(crate) struct PlatformSpecificEventLoopAttributes {
+    pub(crate) forced_backend: Option<Backend>,
+    pub(crate) any_thread: bool,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub struct ApplicationName {
+    pub general: String,
+    pub instance: String,
+}
+
+impl ApplicationName {
+    pub fn new(general: String, instance: String) -> Self {
+        Self { general, instance }
+    }
+}
+
 #[derive(Clone)]
 pub struct PlatformSpecificWindowBuilderAttributes {
-    #[cfg(feature = "x11")]
+    pub name: Option<ApplicationName>,
+    #[cfg(x11_platform)]
     pub visual_infos: Option<XVisualInfo>,
-    #[cfg(feature = "x11")]
+    #[cfg(x11_platform)]
     pub screen_id: Option<i32>,
-    #[cfg(feature = "x11")]
-    pub resize_increments: Option<Size>,
-    #[cfg(feature = "x11")]
+    #[cfg(x11_platform)]
     pub base_size: Option<Size>,
-    #[cfg(feature = "x11")]
-    pub class: Option<(String, String)>,
-    #[cfg(feature = "x11")]
+    #[cfg(x11_platform)]
     pub override_redirect: bool,
-    #[cfg(feature = "x11")]
+    #[cfg(x11_platform)]
     pub x11_window_types: Vec<XWindowType>,
-    #[cfg(feature = "x11")]
-    pub gtk_theme_variant: Option<String>,
-    #[cfg(feature = "wayland")]
-    pub app_id: Option<String>,
 }
 
 impl Default for PlatformSpecificWindowBuilderAttributes {
     fn default() -> Self {
         Self {
-            #[cfg(feature = "x11")]
+            name: None,
+            #[cfg(x11_platform)]
             visual_infos: None,
-            #[cfg(feature = "x11")]
+            #[cfg(x11_platform)]
             screen_id: None,
-            #[cfg(feature = "x11")]
-            resize_increments: None,
-            #[cfg(feature = "x11")]
+            #[cfg(x11_platform)]
             base_size: None,
-            #[cfg(feature = "x11")]
-            class: None,
-            #[cfg(feature = "x11")]
+            #[cfg(x11_platform)]
             override_redirect: false,
-            #[cfg(feature = "x11")]
+            #[cfg(x11_platform)]
             x11_window_types: vec![XWindowType::Normal],
-            #[cfg(feature = "x11")]
-            gtk_theme_variant: None,
-            #[cfg(feature = "wayland")]
-            app_id: None,
         }
     }
 }
 
-#[cfg(feature = "x11")]
-lazy_static! {
-    pub static ref X11_BACKEND: Mutex<Result<Arc<XConnection>, XNotSupported>> =
-        Mutex::new(XConnection::new(Some(x_error_callback)).map(Arc::new));
-}
+#[cfg(x11_platform)]
+pub(crate) static X11_BACKEND: Lazy<Mutex<Result<Arc<XConnection>, XNotSupported>>> =
+    Lazy::new(|| Mutex::new(XConnection::new(Some(x_error_callback)).map(Arc::new)));
 
 #[derive(Debug, Clone)]
 pub enum OsError {
-    #[cfg(feature = "x11")]
+    #[cfg(x11_platform)]
     XError(XError),
-    #[cfg(feature = "x11")]
+    #[cfg(x11_platform)]
     XMisc(&'static str),
-    #[cfg(feature = "wayland")]
+    #[cfg(wayland_platform)]
     WaylandMisc(&'static str),
 }
 
 impl fmt::Display for OsError {
     fn fmt(&self, _f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> Result<(), fmt::Error> {
         match *self {
-            #[cfg(feature = "x11")]
+            #[cfg(x11_platform)]
             OsError::XError(ref e) => _f.pad(&e.description),
-            #[cfg(feature = "x11")]
-            OsError::XMisc(ref e) => _f.pad(e),
-            #[cfg(feature = "wayland")]
-            OsError::WaylandMisc(ref e) => _f.pad(e),
+            #[cfg(x11_platform)]
+            OsError::XMisc(e) => _f.pad(e),
+            #[cfg(wayland_platform)]
+            OsError::WaylandMisc(e) => _f.pad(e),
         }
     }
 }
 
-pub enum Window {
-    #[cfg(feature = "x11")]
+pub(crate) enum Window {
+    #[cfg(x11_platform)]
     X(x11::Window),
-    #[cfg(feature = "wayland")]
+    #[cfg(wayland_platform)]
     Wayland(wayland::Window),
 }
 
 #[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord, Hash)]
-pub enum WindowId {
-    #[cfg(feature = "x11")]
-    X(x11::WindowId),
-    #[cfg(feature = "wayland")]
-    Wayland(wayland::WindowId),
+pub struct WindowId(u64);
+
+impl From<WindowId> for u64 {
+    fn from(window_id: WindowId) -> Self {
+        window_id.0
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<u64> for WindowId {
+    fn from(raw_id: u64) -> Self {
+        Self(raw_id)
+    }
 }
 
 impl WindowId {
-    pub unsafe fn dummy() -> Self {
-        #[cfg(feature = "wayland")]
-        return WindowId::Wayland(wayland::WindowId::dummy());
-        #[cfg(all(not(feature = "wayland"), feature = "x11"))]
-        return WindowId::X(x11::WindowId::dummy());
+    pub const unsafe fn dummy() -> Self {
+        Self(0)
     }
 }
 
 #[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord, Hash)]
 pub enum DeviceId {
-    #[cfg(feature = "x11")]
+    #[cfg(x11_platform)]
     X(x11::DeviceId),
-    #[cfg(feature = "wayland")]
+    #[cfg(wayland_platform)]
     Wayland(wayland::DeviceId),
 }
 
 impl DeviceId {
-    pub unsafe fn dummy() -> Self {
-        #[cfg(feature = "wayland")]
+    pub const unsafe fn dummy() -> Self {
+        #[cfg(wayland_platform)]
         return DeviceId::Wayland(wayland::DeviceId::dummy());
-        #[cfg(all(not(feature = "wayland"), feature = "x11"))]
+        #[cfg(all(not(wayland_platform), x11_platform))]
         return DeviceId::X(x11::DeviceId::dummy());
     }
 }
 
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord)]
 pub enum MonitorHandle {
-    #[cfg(feature = "x11")]
+    #[cfg(x11_platform)]
     X(x11::MonitorHandle),
-    #[cfg(feature = "wayland")]
+    #[cfg(wayland_platform)]
     Wayland(wayland::MonitorHandle),
 }
 
@@ -186,17 +207,17 @@ pub enum MonitorHandle {
 macro_rules! x11_or_wayland {
     (match $what:expr; $enum:ident ( $($c1:tt)* ) => $x:expr; as $enum2:ident ) => {
         match $what {
-            #[cfg(feature = "x11")]
+            #[cfg(x11_platform)]
             $enum::X($($c1)*) => $enum2::X($x),
-            #[cfg(feature = "wayland")]
+            #[cfg(wayland_platform)]
             $enum::Wayland($($c1)*) => $enum2::Wayland($x),
         }
     };
     (match $what:expr; $enum:ident ( $($c1:tt)* ) => $x:expr) => {
         match $what {
-            #[cfg(feature = "x11")]
+            #[cfg(x11_platform)]
             $enum::X($($c1)*) => $x,
-            #[cfg(feature = "wayland")]
+            #[cfg(wayland_platform)]
             $enum::Wayland($($c1)*) => $x,
         }
     };
@@ -224,21 +245,26 @@ impl MonitorHandle {
     }
 
     #[inline]
-    pub fn scale_factor(&self) -> f64 {
-        x11_or_wayland!(match self; MonitorHandle(m) => m.scale_factor() as f64)
+    pub fn refresh_rate_millihertz(&self) -> Option<u32> {
+        x11_or_wayland!(match self; MonitorHandle(m) => m.refresh_rate_millihertz())
     }
 
     #[inline]
-    pub fn video_modes(&self) -> Box<dyn Iterator<Item = RootVideoMode>> {
+    pub fn scale_factor(&self) -> f64 {
+        x11_or_wayland!(match self; MonitorHandle(m) => m.scale_factor() as _)
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn video_modes(&self) -> Box<dyn Iterator<Item = VideoMode>> {
         x11_or_wayland!(match self; MonitorHandle(m) => Box::new(m.video_modes()))
     }
 }
 
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
 pub enum VideoMode {
-    #[cfg(feature = "x11")]
+    #[cfg(x11_platform)]
     X(x11::VideoMode),
-    #[cfg(feature = "wayland")]
+    #[cfg(wayland_platform)]
     Wayland(wayland::VideoMode),
 }
 
@@ -254,29 +280,29 @@ impl VideoMode {
     }
 
     #[inline]
-    pub fn refresh_rate(&self) -> u16 {
-        x11_or_wayland!(match self; VideoMode(m) => m.refresh_rate())
+    pub fn refresh_rate_millihertz(&self) -> u32 {
+        x11_or_wayland!(match self; VideoMode(m) => m.refresh_rate_millihertz())
     }
 
     #[inline]
-    pub fn monitor(&self) -> RootMonitorHandle {
+    pub fn monitor(&self) -> MonitorHandle {
         x11_or_wayland!(match self; VideoMode(m) => m.monitor())
     }
 }
 
 impl Window {
     #[inline]
-    pub fn new<T>(
+    pub(crate) fn new<T>(
         window_target: &EventLoopWindowTarget<T>,
         attribs: WindowAttributes,
         pl_attribs: PlatformSpecificWindowBuilderAttributes,
     ) -> Result<Self, RootOsError> {
         match *window_target {
-            #[cfg(feature = "wayland")]
+            #[cfg(wayland_platform)]
             EventLoopWindowTarget::Wayland(ref window_target) => {
                 wayland::Window::new(window_target, attribs, pl_attribs).map(Window::Wayland)
             }
-            #[cfg(feature = "x11")]
+            #[cfg(x11_platform)]
             EventLoopWindowTarget::X(ref window_target) => {
                 x11::Window::new(window_target, attribs, pl_attribs).map(Window::X)
             }
@@ -285,7 +311,12 @@ impl Window {
 
     #[inline]
     pub fn id(&self) -> WindowId {
-        x11_or_wayland!(match self; Window(w) => w.id(); as WindowId)
+        match self {
+            #[cfg(wayland_platform)]
+            Self::Wayland(window) => window.id(),
+            #[cfg(x11_platform)]
+            Self::X(window) => window.id(),
+        }
     }
 
     #[inline]
@@ -293,11 +324,21 @@ impl Window {
         x11_or_wayland!(match self; Window(w) => w.set_title(title));
     }
 
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn set_transparent(&self, transparent: bool) {
+        x11_or_wayland!(match self; Window(w) => w.set_transparent(transparent));
+    }
+
     #[inline]
     pub fn set_visible(&self, visible: bool) {
         x11_or_wayland!(match self; Window(w) => w.set_visible(visible))
     }
 
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn is_visible(&self) -> Option<bool> {
+        x11_or_wayland!(match self; Window(w) => w.is_visible())
+    }
+
     #[inline]
     pub fn outer_position(&self) -> Result<PhysicalPosition<i32>, NotSupportedError> {
         x11_or_wayland!(match self; Window(w) => w.outer_position())
@@ -338,19 +379,44 @@ impl Window {
         x11_or_wayland!(match self; Window(w) => w.set_max_inner_size(dimensions))
     }
 
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn resize_increments(&self) -> Option<PhysicalSize<u32>> {
+        x11_or_wayland!(match self; Window(w) => w.resize_increments())
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn set_resize_increments(&self, increments: Option<Size>) {
+        x11_or_wayland!(match self; Window(w) => w.set_resize_increments(increments))
+    }
+
     #[inline]
     pub fn set_resizable(&self, resizable: bool) {
         x11_or_wayland!(match self; Window(w) => w.set_resizable(resizable))
     }
 
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn is_resizable(&self) -> bool {
+        x11_or_wayland!(match self; Window(w) => w.is_resizable())
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn set_enabled_buttons(&self, buttons: WindowButtons) {
+        x11_or_wayland!(match self; Window(w) => w.set_enabled_buttons(buttons))
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn enabled_buttons(&self) -> WindowButtons {
+        x11_or_wayland!(match self; Window(w) => w.enabled_buttons())
+    }
+
     #[inline]
     pub fn set_cursor_icon(&self, cursor: CursorIcon) {
         x11_or_wayland!(match self; Window(w) => w.set_cursor_icon(cursor))
     }
 
     #[inline]
-    pub fn set_cursor_grab(&self, grab: bool) -> Result<(), ExternalError> {
-        x11_or_wayland!(match self; Window(window) => window.set_cursor_grab(grab))
+    pub fn set_cursor_grab(&self, mode: CursorGrabMode) -> Result<(), ExternalError> {
+        x11_or_wayland!(match self; Window(window) => window.set_cursor_grab(mode))
     }
 
     #[inline]
@@ -363,9 +429,19 @@ impl Window {
         x11_or_wayland!(match self; Window(window) => window.drag_window())
     }
 
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn drag_resize_window(&self, direction: ResizeDirection) -> Result<(), ExternalError> {
+        x11_or_wayland!(match self; Window(window) => window.drag_resize_window(direction))
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn set_cursor_hittest(&self, hittest: bool) -> Result<(), ExternalError> {
+        x11_or_wayland!(match self; Window(w) => w.set_cursor_hittest(hittest))
+    }
+
     #[inline]
     pub fn scale_factor(&self) -> f64 {
-        x11_or_wayland!(match self; Window(w) => w.scale_factor() as f64)
+        x11_or_wayland!(match self; Window(w) => w.scale_factor())
     }
 
     #[inline]
@@ -380,8 +456,7 @@ impl Window {
 
     #[inline]
     pub fn is_maximized(&self) -> bool {
-        // TODO: Not implemented
-        false
+        x11_or_wayland!(match self; Window(w) => w.is_maximized())
     }
 
     #[inline]
@@ -390,12 +465,17 @@ impl Window {
     }
 
     #[inline]
-    pub fn fullscreen(&self) -> Option<Fullscreen> {
+    pub fn is_minimized(&self) -> Option<bool> {
+        x11_or_wayland!(match self; Window(w) => w.is_minimized())
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    pub(crate) fn fullscreen(&self) -> Option<Fullscreen> {
         x11_or_wayland!(match self; Window(w) => w.fullscreen())
     }
 
     #[inline]
-    pub fn set_fullscreen(&self, monitor: Option<Fullscreen>) {
+    pub(crate) fn set_fullscreen(&self, monitor: Option<Fullscreen>) {
         x11_or_wayland!(match self; Window(w) => w.set_fullscreen(monitor))
     }
 
@@ -405,22 +485,27 @@ impl Window {
     }
 
     #[inline]
-    pub fn set_always_on_top(&self, _always_on_top: bool) {
+    pub fn is_decorated(&self) -> bool {
+        x11_or_wayland!(match self; Window(w) => w.is_decorated())
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn set_window_level(&self, _level: WindowLevel) {
         match self {
-            #[cfg(feature = "x11")]
-            &Window::X(ref w) => w.set_always_on_top(_always_on_top),
-            #[cfg(feature = "wayland")]
-            _ => (),
+            #[cfg(x11_platform)]
+            Window::X(ref w) => w.set_window_level(_level),
+            #[cfg(wayland_platform)]
+            Window::Wayland(_) => (),
         }
     }
 
     #[inline]
     pub fn set_window_icon(&self, _window_icon: Option<Icon>) {
         match self {
-            #[cfg(feature = "x11")]
-            &Window::X(ref w) => w.set_window_icon(_window_icon),
-            #[cfg(feature = "wayland")]
-            _ => (),
+            #[cfg(x11_platform)]
+            Window::X(ref w) => w.set_window_icon(_window_icon),
+            #[cfg(wayland_platform)]
+            Window::Wayland(_) => (),
         }
     }
 
@@ -430,12 +515,30 @@ impl Window {
     }
 
     #[inline]
-    pub fn request_user_attention(&self, _request_type: Option<UserAttentionType>) {
+    pub fn set_ime_allowed(&self, allowed: bool) {
+        x11_or_wayland!(match self; Window(w) => w.set_ime_allowed(allowed))
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn set_ime_purpose(&self, purpose: ImePurpose) {
+        x11_or_wayland!(match self; Window(w) => w.set_ime_purpose(purpose))
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn focus_window(&self) {
         match self {
-            #[cfg(feature = "x11")]
-            &Window::X(ref w) => w.request_user_attention(_request_type),
-            #[cfg(feature = "wayland")]
-            _ => (),
+            #[cfg(x11_platform)]
+            Window::X(ref w) => w.focus_window(),
+            #[cfg(wayland_platform)]
+            Window::Wayland(_) => (),
+        }
+    }
+    pub fn request_user_attention(&self, request_type: Option<UserAttentionType>) {
+        match self {
+            #[cfg(x11_platform)]
+            Window::X(ref w) => w.request_user_attention(request_type),
+            #[cfg(wayland_platform)]
+            Window::Wayland(ref w) => w.request_user_attention(request_type),
         }
     }
 
@@ -445,21 +548,17 @@ impl Window {
     }
 
     #[inline]
-    pub fn current_monitor(&self) -> Option<RootMonitorHandle> {
+    pub fn current_monitor(&self) -> Option<MonitorHandle> {
         match self {
-            #[cfg(feature = "x11")]
-            &Window::X(ref window) => {
+            #[cfg(x11_platform)]
+            Window::X(ref window) => {
                 let current_monitor = MonitorHandle::X(window.current_monitor());
-                Some(RootMonitorHandle {
-                    inner: current_monitor,
-                })
+                Some(current_monitor)
             }
-            #[cfg(feature = "wayland")]
-            &Window::Wayland(ref window) => {
+            #[cfg(wayland_platform)]
+            Window::Wayland(ref window) => {
                 let current_monitor = MonitorHandle::Wayland(window.current_monitor()?);
-                Some(RootMonitorHandle {
-                    inner: current_monitor,
-                })
+                Some(current_monitor)
             }
         }
     }
@@ -467,14 +566,14 @@ impl Window {
     #[inline]
     pub fn available_monitors(&self) -> VecDeque<MonitorHandle> {
         match self {
-            #[cfg(feature = "x11")]
-            &Window::X(ref window) => window
+            #[cfg(x11_platform)]
+            Window::X(ref window) => window
                 .available_monitors()
                 .into_iter()
                 .map(MonitorHandle::X)
                 .collect(),
-            #[cfg(feature = "wayland")]
-            &Window::Wayland(ref window) => window
+            #[cfg(wayland_platform)]
+            Window::Wayland(ref window) => window
                 .available_monitors()
                 .into_iter()
                 .map(MonitorHandle::Wayland)
@@ -483,37 +582,66 @@ impl Window {
     }
 
     #[inline]
-    pub fn primary_monitor(&self) -> Option<RootMonitorHandle> {
+    pub fn primary_monitor(&self) -> Option<MonitorHandle> {
         match self {
-            #[cfg(feature = "x11")]
-            &Window::X(ref window) => {
+            #[cfg(x11_platform)]
+            Window::X(ref window) => {
                 let primary_monitor = MonitorHandle::X(window.primary_monitor());
-                Some(RootMonitorHandle {
-                    inner: primary_monitor,
-                })
+                Some(primary_monitor)
             }
-            #[cfg(feature = "wayland")]
-            &Window::Wayland(ref window) => window.primary_monitor(),
+            #[cfg(wayland_platform)]
+            Window::Wayland(ref window) => window.primary_monitor(),
         }
     }
 
+    #[inline]
     pub fn raw_window_handle(&self) -> RawWindowHandle {
-        match self {
-            #[cfg(feature = "x11")]
-            &Window::X(ref window) => RawWindowHandle::Xlib(window.raw_window_handle()),
-            #[cfg(feature = "wayland")]
-            &Window::Wayland(ref window) => RawWindowHandle::Wayland(window.raw_window_handle()),
-        }
+        x11_or_wayland!(match self; Window(window) => window.raw_window_handle())
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn raw_display_handle(&self) -> RawDisplayHandle {
+        x11_or_wayland!(match self; Window(window) => window.raw_display_handle())
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn set_theme(&self, theme: Option<Theme>) {
+        x11_or_wayland!(match self; Window(window) => window.set_theme(theme))
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn theme(&self) -> Option<Theme> {
+        x11_or_wayland!(match self; Window(window) => window.theme())
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn has_focus(&self) -> bool {
+        x11_or_wayland!(match self; Window(window) => window.has_focus())
+    }
+
+    pub fn title(&self) -> String {
+        x11_or_wayland!(match self; Window(window) => window.title())
     }
 }
 
-#[cfg(feature = "x11")]
+/// Hooks for X11 errors.
+#[cfg(x11_platform)]
+pub(crate) static mut XLIB_ERROR_HOOKS: Lazy<Mutex<Vec<XlibErrorHook>>> =
+    Lazy::new(|| Mutex::new(Vec::new()));
+
+#[cfg(x11_platform)]
 unsafe extern "C" fn x_error_callback(
     display: *mut x11::ffi::Display,
     event: *mut x11::ffi::XErrorEvent,
 ) -> c_int {
-    let xconn_lock = X11_BACKEND.lock();
+    let xconn_lock = X11_BACKEND.lock().unwrap();
     if let Ok(ref xconn) = *xconn_lock {
+        // Call all the hooks.
+        let mut error_handled = false;
+        for hook in XLIB_ERROR_HOOKS.lock().unwrap().iter() {
+            error_handled |= hook(display as *mut _, event as *mut _);
+        }
+
         // `assume_init` is safe here because the array consists of `MaybeUninit` values,
         // which do not require initialization.
         let mut buf: [MaybeUninit<c_char>; 1024] = MaybeUninit::uninit().assume_init();
@@ -532,25 +660,28 @@ unsafe extern "C" fn x_error_callback(
             minor_code: (*event).minor_code,
         };
 
-        error!("X11 error: {:#?}", error);
-
-        *xconn.latest_error.lock() = Some(error);
+        // Don't log error.
+        if !error_handled {
+            error!("X11 error: {:#?}", error);
+            // XXX only update the error, if it wasn't handled by any of the hooks.
+            *xconn.latest_error.lock().unwrap() = Some(error);
+        }
     }
     // Fun fact: this return value is completely ignored.
     0
 }
 
 pub enum EventLoop<T: 'static> {
-    #[cfg(feature = "wayland")]
-    Wayland(wayland::EventLoop<T>),
-    #[cfg(feature = "x11")]
+    #[cfg(wayland_platform)]
+    Wayland(Box<wayland::EventLoop<T>>),
+    #[cfg(x11_platform)]
     X(x11::EventLoop<T>),
 }
 
 pub enum EventLoopProxy<T: 'static> {
-    #[cfg(feature = "x11")]
+    #[cfg(x11_platform)]
     X(x11::EventLoopProxy<T>),
-    #[cfg(feature = "wayland")]
+    #[cfg(wayland_platform)]
     Wayland(wayland::EventLoopProxy<T>),
 }
 
@@ -561,82 +692,81 @@ impl<T: 'static> Clone for EventLoopProxy<T> {
 }
 
 impl<T: 'static> EventLoop<T> {
-    pub fn new() -> EventLoop<T> {
-        assert_is_main_thread("new_any_thread");
+    pub(crate) fn new(attributes: &PlatformSpecificEventLoopAttributes) -> Self {
+        if !attributes.any_thread && !is_main_thread() {
+            panic!(
+                "Initializing the event loop outside of the main thread is a significant \
+                 cross-platform compatibility hazard. If you absolutely need to create an \
+                 EventLoop on a different thread, you can use the \
+                 `EventLoopBuilderExtUnix::any_thread` function."
+            );
+        }
 
-        EventLoop::new_any_thread()
-    }
+        #[cfg(x11_platform)]
+        if attributes.forced_backend == Some(Backend::X) {
+            // TODO: Propagate
+            return EventLoop::new_x11_any_thread().unwrap();
+        }
+
+        #[cfg(wayland_platform)]
+        if attributes.forced_backend == Some(Backend::Wayland) {
+            // TODO: Propagate
+            return EventLoop::new_wayland_any_thread().expect("failed to open Wayland connection");
+        }
 
-    pub fn new_any_thread() -> EventLoop<T> {
         if let Ok(env_var) = env::var(BACKEND_PREFERENCE_ENV_VAR) {
             match env_var.as_str() {
                 "x11" => {
                     // TODO: propagate
-                    #[cfg(feature = "x11")]
+                    #[cfg(x11_platform)]
                     return EventLoop::new_x11_any_thread()
                         .expect("Failed to initialize X11 backend");
-                    #[cfg(not(feature = "x11"))]
+                    #[cfg(not(x11_platform))]
                     panic!("x11 feature is not enabled")
                 }
                 "wayland" => {
-                    #[cfg(feature = "wayland")]
+                    #[cfg(wayland_platform)]
                     return EventLoop::new_wayland_any_thread()
                         .expect("Failed to initialize Wayland backend");
-                    #[cfg(not(feature = "wayland"))]
+                    #[cfg(not(wayland_platform))]
                     panic!("wayland feature is not enabled");
                 }
                 _ => panic!(
-                    "Unknown environment variable value for {}, try one of `x11`,`wayland`",
-                    BACKEND_PREFERENCE_ENV_VAR,
+                    "Unknown environment variable value for {BACKEND_PREFERENCE_ENV_VAR}, try one of `x11`,`wayland`",
                 ),
             }
         }
 
-        #[cfg(feature = "wayland")]
+        #[cfg(wayland_platform)]
         let wayland_err = match EventLoop::new_wayland_any_thread() {
             Ok(event_loop) => return event_loop,
             Err(err) => err,
         };
 
-        #[cfg(feature = "x11")]
+        #[cfg(x11_platform)]
         let x11_err = match EventLoop::new_x11_any_thread() {
             Ok(event_loop) => return event_loop,
             Err(err) => err,
         };
 
-        #[cfg(not(feature = "wayland"))]
+        #[cfg(not(wayland_platform))]
         let wayland_err = "backend disabled";
-        #[cfg(not(feature = "x11"))]
+        #[cfg(not(x11_platform))]
         let x11_err = "backend disabled";
 
         panic!(
-            "Failed to initialize any backend! Wayland status: {:?} X11 status: {:?}",
-            wayland_err, x11_err,
+            "Failed to initialize any backend! Wayland status: {wayland_err:?} X11 status: {x11_err:?}",
         );
     }
 
-    #[cfg(feature = "wayland")]
-    pub fn new_wayland() -> Result<EventLoop<T>, Box<dyn Error>> {
-        assert_is_main_thread("new_wayland_any_thread");
-
-        EventLoop::new_wayland_any_thread()
+    #[cfg(wayland_platform)]
+    fn new_wayland_any_thread() -> Result<EventLoop<T>, Box<dyn Error>> {
+        wayland::EventLoop::new().map(|evlp| EventLoop::Wayland(Box::new(evlp)))
     }
 
-    #[cfg(feature = "wayland")]
-    pub fn new_wayland_any_thread() -> Result<EventLoop<T>, Box<dyn Error>> {
-        wayland::EventLoop::new().map(EventLoop::Wayland)
-    }
-
-    #[cfg(feature = "x11")]
-    pub fn new_x11() -> Result<EventLoop<T>, XNotSupported> {
-        assert_is_main_thread("new_x11_any_thread");
-
-        EventLoop::new_x11_any_thread()
-    }
-
-    #[cfg(feature = "x11")]
-    pub fn new_x11_any_thread() -> Result<EventLoop<T>, XNotSupported> {
-        let xconn = match X11_BACKEND.lock().as_ref() {
+    #[cfg(x11_platform)]
+    fn new_x11_any_thread() -> Result<EventLoop<T>, XNotSupported> {
+        let xconn = match X11_BACKEND.lock().unwrap().as_ref() {
             Ok(xconn) => xconn.clone(),
             Err(err) => return Err(err.clone()),
         };
@@ -648,7 +778,7 @@ impl<T: 'static> EventLoop<T> {
         x11_or_wayland!(match self; EventLoop(evlp) => evlp.create_proxy(); as EventLoopProxy)
     }
 
-    pub fn run_return<F>(&mut self, callback: F)
+    pub fn run_return<F>(&mut self, callback: F) -> i32
     where
         F: FnMut(crate::event::Event<'_, T>, &RootELW<T>, &mut ControlFlow),
     {
@@ -663,7 +793,7 @@ impl<T: 'static> EventLoop<T> {
     }
 
     pub fn window_target(&self) -> &crate::event_loop::EventLoopWindowTarget<T> {
-        x11_or_wayland!(match self; EventLoop(evl) => evl.window_target())
+        x11_or_wayland!(match self; EventLoop(evlp) => evlp.window_target())
     }
 }
 
@@ -674,9 +804,9 @@ impl<T: 'static> EventLoopProxy<T> {
 }
 
 pub enum EventLoopWindowTarget<T> {
-    #[cfg(feature = "wayland")]
+    #[cfg(wayland_platform)]
     Wayland(wayland::EventLoopWindowTarget<T>),
-    #[cfg(feature = "x11")]
+    #[cfg(x11_platform)]
     X(x11::EventLoopWindowTarget<T>),
 }
 
@@ -684,9 +814,9 @@ impl<T> EventLoopWindowTarget<T> {
     #[inline]
     pub fn is_wayland(&self) -> bool {
         match *self {
-            #[cfg(feature = "wayland")]
+            #[cfg(wayland_platform)]
             EventLoopWindowTarget::Wayland(_) => true,
-            #[cfg(feature = "x11")]
+            #[cfg(x11_platform)]
             _ => false,
         }
     }
@@ -694,13 +824,13 @@ impl<T> EventLoopWindowTarget<T> {
     #[inline]
     pub fn available_monitors(&self) -> VecDeque<MonitorHandle> {
         match *self {
-            #[cfg(feature = "wayland")]
+            #[cfg(wayland_platform)]
             EventLoopWindowTarget::Wayland(ref evlp) => evlp
                 .available_monitors()
                 .into_iter()
                 .map(MonitorHandle::Wayland)
                 .collect(),
-            #[cfg(feature = "x11")]
+            #[cfg(x11_platform)]
             EventLoopWindowTarget::X(ref evlp) => evlp
                 .x_connection()
                 .available_monitors()
@@ -711,19 +841,31 @@ impl<T> EventLoopWindowTarget<T> {
     }
 
     #[inline]
-    pub fn primary_monitor(&self) -> Option<RootMonitorHandle> {
+    pub fn primary_monitor(&self) -> Option<MonitorHandle> {
         match *self {
-            #[cfg(feature = "wayland")]
+            #[cfg(wayland_platform)]
             EventLoopWindowTarget::Wayland(ref evlp) => evlp.primary_monitor(),
-            #[cfg(feature = "x11")]
+            #[cfg(x11_platform)]
             EventLoopWindowTarget::X(ref evlp) => {
                 let primary_monitor = MonitorHandle::X(evlp.x_connection().primary_monitor());
-                Some(RootMonitorHandle {
-                    inner: primary_monitor,
-                })
+                Some(primary_monitor)
             }
         }
     }
+
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn set_device_event_filter(&self, _filter: DeviceEventFilter) {
+        match *self {
+            #[cfg(wayland_platform)]
+            EventLoopWindowTarget::Wayland(_) => (),
+            #[cfg(x11_platform)]
+            EventLoopWindowTarget::X(ref evlp) => evlp.set_device_event_filter(_filter),
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn raw_display_handle(&self) -> raw_window_handle::RawDisplayHandle {
+        x11_or_wayland!(match self; Self(evlp) => evlp.raw_display_handle())
+    }
 }
 
 fn sticky_exit_callback<T, F>(
@@ -734,26 +876,12 @@ fn sticky_exit_callback<T, F>(
 ) where
     F: FnMut(Event<'_, T>, &RootELW<T>, &mut ControlFlow),
 {
-    // make ControlFlow::Exit sticky by providing a dummy
-    // control flow reference if it is already Exit.
-    let mut dummy = ControlFlow::Exit;
-    let cf = if *control_flow == ControlFlow::Exit {
-        &mut dummy
+    // make ControlFlow::ExitWithCode sticky by providing a dummy
+    // control flow reference if it is already ExitWithCode.
+    if let ControlFlow::ExitWithCode(code) = *control_flow {
+        callback(evt, target, &mut ControlFlow::ExitWithCode(code))
     } else {
-        control_flow
-    };
-    // user callback
-    callback(evt, target, cf)
-}
-
-fn assert_is_main_thread(suggested_method: &str) {
-    if !is_main_thread() {
-        panic!(
-            "Initializing the event loop outside of the main thread is a significant \
-             cross-platform compatibility hazard. If you really, absolutely need to create an \
-             EventLoop on a different thread, please use the `EventLoopExtUnix::{}` function.",
-            suggested_method
-        );
+        callback(evt, target, control_flow)
     }
 }
 

src/platform_impl/linux/wayland/env.rs

@@ -13,6 +13,8 @@ use sctk::reexports::protocols::xdg_shell::client::xdg_wm_base::XdgWmBase;
 use sctk::reexports::protocols::unstable::relative_pointer::v1::client::zwp_relative_pointer_manager_v1::ZwpRelativePointerManagerV1;
 use sctk::reexports::protocols::unstable::pointer_constraints::v1::client::zwp_pointer_constraints_v1::ZwpPointerConstraintsV1;
 use sctk::reexports::protocols::unstable::text_input::v3::client::zwp_text_input_manager_v3::ZwpTextInputManagerV3;
+use sctk::reexports::protocols::staging::xdg_activation::v1::client::xdg_activation_v1::XdgActivationV1;
+use sctk::reexports::protocols::viewporter::client::wp_viewporter::WpViewporter;
 
 use sctk::environment::{Environment, SimpleGlobal};
 use sctk::output::{OutputHandler, OutputHandling, OutputInfo, OutputStatusListener};
@@ -20,21 +22,32 @@ use sctk::seat::{SeatData, SeatHandler, SeatHandling, SeatListener};
 use sctk::shell::{Shell, ShellHandler, ShellHandling};
 use sctk::shm::ShmHandler;
 
+use crate::platform_impl::wayland::protocols::wp_fractional_scale_manager_v1::WpFractionalScaleManagerV1;
+
 /// Set of extra features that are supported by the compositor.
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy)]
 pub struct WindowingFeatures {
-    cursor_grab: bool,
+    pointer_constraints: bool,
+    xdg_activation: bool,
 }
 
 impl WindowingFeatures {
     /// Create `WindowingFeatures` based on the presented interfaces.
     pub fn new(env: &Environment<WinitEnv>) -> Self {
-        let cursor_grab = env.get_global::<ZwpPointerConstraintsV1>().is_some();
-        Self { cursor_grab }
+        let pointer_constraints = env.get_global::<ZwpPointerConstraintsV1>().is_some();
+        let xdg_activation = env.get_global::<XdgActivationV1>().is_some();
+        Self {
+            pointer_constraints,
+            xdg_activation,
+        }
     }
 
-    pub fn cursor_grab(&self) -> bool {
-        self.cursor_grab
+    pub fn pointer_constraints(&self) -> bool {
+        self.pointer_constraints
+    }
+
+    pub fn xdg_activation(&self) -> bool {
+        self.xdg_activation
     }
 }
 
@@ -50,6 +63,9 @@ sctk::environment!(WinitEnv,
         ZwpRelativePointerManagerV1 => relative_pointer_manager,
         ZwpPointerConstraintsV1 => pointer_constraints,
         ZwpTextInputManagerV3 => text_input_manager,
+        XdgActivationV1 => xdg_activation,
+        WpFractionalScaleManagerV1 => fractional_scale_manager,
+        WpViewporter => viewporter,
     ],
     multis = [
         WlSeat => seats,
@@ -78,6 +94,12 @@ pub struct WinitEnv {
     text_input_manager: SimpleGlobal<ZwpTextInputManagerV3>,
 
     decoration_manager: SimpleGlobal<ZxdgDecorationManagerV1>,
+
+    xdg_activation: SimpleGlobal<XdgActivationV1>,
+
+    fractional_scale_manager: SimpleGlobal<WpFractionalScaleManagerV1>,
+
+    viewporter: SimpleGlobal<WpViewporter>,
 }
 
 impl WinitEnv {
@@ -109,6 +131,15 @@ impl WinitEnv {
         // IME handling.
         let text_input_manager = SimpleGlobal::new();
 
+        // Surface activation.
+        let xdg_activation = SimpleGlobal::new();
+
+        // Fractional surface scaling.
+        let fractional_scale_manager = SimpleGlobal::new();
+
+        // Surface resizing (used for fractional scaling).
+        let viewporter = SimpleGlobal::new();
+
         Self {
             seats,
             outputs,
@@ -120,6 +151,9 @@ impl WinitEnv {
             relative_pointer_manager,
             pointer_constraints,
             text_input_manager,
+            xdg_activation,
+            fractional_scale_manager,
+            viewporter,
         }
     }
 }

src/platform_impl/linux/wayland/event_loop/mod.rs

@@ -1,10 +1,14 @@
 use std::cell::RefCell;
 use std::collections::HashMap;
 use std::error::Error;
+use std::io::Result as IOResult;
+use std::mem;
 use std::process;
 use std::rc::Rc;
 use std::time::{Duration, Instant};
 
+use raw_window_handle::{RawDisplayHandle, WaylandDisplayHandle};
+
 use sctk::reexports::client::protocol::wl_compositor::WlCompositor;
 use sctk::reexports::client::protocol::wl_shm::WlShm;
 use sctk::reexports::client::Display;
@@ -15,14 +19,16 @@ use sctk::environment::Environment;
 use sctk::seat::pointer::{ThemeManager, ThemeSpec};
 use sctk::WaylandSource;
 
+use crate::dpi::{LogicalSize, PhysicalSize};
 use crate::event::{Event, StartCause, WindowEvent};
 use crate::event_loop::{ControlFlow, EventLoopWindowTarget as RootEventLoopWindowTarget};
 use crate::platform_impl::platform::sticky_exit_callback;
+use crate::platform_impl::EventLoopWindowTarget as PlatformEventLoopWindowTarget;
 
 use super::env::{WindowingFeatures, WinitEnv};
 use super::output::OutputManager;
 use super::seat::SeatManager;
-use super::window::shim::{self, WindowUpdate};
+use super::window::shim::{self, WindowCompositorUpdate, WindowUserRequest};
 use super::{DeviceId, WindowId};
 
 mod proxy;
@@ -30,9 +36,10 @@ mod sink;
 mod state;
 
 pub use proxy::EventLoopProxy;
+pub use sink::EventSink;
 pub use state::WinitState;
 
-use sink::EventSink;
+type WinitDispatcher = calloop::Dispatcher<'static, WaylandSource, WinitState>;
 
 pub struct EventLoopWindowTarget<T> {
     /// Wayland display.
@@ -42,7 +49,7 @@ pub struct EventLoopWindowTarget<T> {
     pub env: Environment<WinitEnv>,
 
     /// Event loop handle.
-    pub event_loop_handle: calloop::LoopHandle<WinitState>,
+    pub event_loop_handle: calloop::LoopHandle<'static, WinitState>,
 
     /// Output manager.
     pub output_manager: OutputManager,
@@ -50,8 +57,8 @@ pub struct EventLoopWindowTarget<T> {
     /// State that we share across callbacks.
     pub state: RefCell<WinitState>,
 
-    /// Wayland source.
-    pub wayland_source: Rc<calloop::Source<WaylandSource>>,
+    /// Dispatcher of Wayland events.
+    pub wayland_dispatcher: WinitDispatcher,
 
     /// A proxy to wake up event loop.
     pub event_loop_awakener: calloop::ping::Ping,
@@ -61,16 +68,27 @@ pub struct EventLoopWindowTarget<T> {
 
     /// Theme manager to manage cursors.
     ///
-    /// It's being shared amoung all windows to avoid loading
+    /// It's being shared between all windows to avoid loading
     /// multiple similar themes.
     pub theme_manager: ThemeManager,
 
     _marker: std::marker::PhantomData<T>,
 }
 
+impl<T> EventLoopWindowTarget<T> {
+    pub fn raw_display_handle(&self) -> RawDisplayHandle {
+        let mut display_handle = WaylandDisplayHandle::empty();
+        display_handle.display = self.display.get_display_ptr() as *mut _;
+        RawDisplayHandle::Wayland(display_handle)
+    }
+}
+
 pub struct EventLoop<T: 'static> {
+    /// Dispatcher of Wayland events.
+    pub wayland_dispatcher: WinitDispatcher,
+
     /// Event loop.
-    event_loop: calloop::EventLoop<WinitState>,
+    event_loop: calloop::EventLoop<'static, WinitState>,
 
     /// Wayland display.
     display: Display,
@@ -81,9 +99,6 @@ pub struct EventLoop<T: 'static> {
     /// Sender of user events.
     user_events_sender: calloop::channel::Sender<T>,
 
-    /// Wayland source of events.
-    wayland_source: Rc<calloop::Source<WaylandSource>>,
-
     /// Window target.
     window_target: RootEventLoopWindowTarget<T>,
 
@@ -102,7 +117,7 @@ impl<T: 'static> EventLoop<T> {
         let env = Environment::new(&display_proxy, &mut event_queue, WinitEnv::new())?;
 
         // Create event loop.
-        let event_loop = calloop::EventLoop::<WinitState>::new()?;
+        let event_loop = calloop::EventLoop::<'static, WinitState>::try_new()?;
         // Build windowing features.
         let windowing_features = WindowingFeatures::new(&env);
 
@@ -116,8 +131,22 @@ impl<T: 'static> EventLoop<T> {
         let output_manager = OutputManager::new(&env);
 
         // A source of events that we plug into our event loop.
-        let wayland_source = WaylandSource::new(event_queue).quick_insert(event_loop.handle())?;
-        let wayland_source = Rc::new(wayland_source);
+        let wayland_source = WaylandSource::new(event_queue);
+        let wayland_dispatcher =
+            calloop::Dispatcher::new(wayland_source, |_, queue, winit_state| {
+                queue.dispatch_pending(winit_state, |event, object, _| {
+                    panic!(
+                        "[calloop] Encountered an orphan event: {}@{} : {}",
+                        event.interface,
+                        object.as_ref().id(),
+                        event.name
+                    );
+                })
+            });
+
+        let _wayland_source_dispatcher = event_loop
+            .handle()
+            .register_dispatcher(wayland_dispatcher.clone())?;
 
         // A source of user events.
         let pending_user_events = Rc::new(RefCell::new(Vec::new()));
@@ -137,17 +166,19 @@ impl<T: 'static> EventLoop<T> {
         let (event_loop_awakener, event_loop_awakener_source) = calloop::ping::make_ping()?;
 
         // Handler of window requests.
-        event_loop.handle().insert_source(
-            event_loop_awakener_source,
-            move |_, _, winit_state| {
-                shim::handle_window_requests(winit_state);
-            },
-        )?;
+        event_loop
+            .handle()
+            .insert_source(event_loop_awakener_source, move |_, _, state| {
+                // Drain events here as well to account for application doing batch event processing
+                // on RedrawEventsCleared.
+                shim::handle_window_requests(state);
+            })?;
 
         let event_loop_handle = event_loop.handle();
         let window_map = HashMap::new();
         let event_sink = EventSink::new();
-        let window_updates = HashMap::new();
+        let window_user_requests = HashMap::new();
+        let window_compositor_updates = HashMap::new();
 
         // Create event loop window target.
         let event_loop_window_target = EventLoopWindowTarget {
@@ -156,12 +187,13 @@ impl<T: 'static> EventLoop<T> {
             state: RefCell::new(WinitState {
                 window_map,
                 event_sink,
-                window_updates,
+                window_user_requests,
+                window_compositor_updates,
             }),
             event_loop_handle,
             output_manager,
             event_loop_awakener,
-            wayland_source: wayland_source.clone(),
+            wayland_dispatcher: wayland_dispatcher.clone(),
             windowing_features,
             theme_manager,
             _marker: std::marker::PhantomData,
@@ -172,11 +204,11 @@ impl<T: 'static> EventLoop<T> {
             event_loop,
             display,
             pending_user_events,
-            wayland_source,
+            wayland_dispatcher,
             _seat_manager: seat_manager,
             user_events_sender,
             window_target: RootEventLoopWindowTarget {
-                p: crate::platform_impl::EventLoopWindowTarget::Wayland(event_loop_window_target),
+                p: PlatformEventLoopWindowTarget::Wayland(event_loop_window_target),
                 _marker: std::marker::PhantomData,
             },
         };
@@ -188,19 +220,15 @@ impl<T: 'static> EventLoop<T> {
     where
         F: FnMut(Event<'_, T>, &RootEventLoopWindowTarget<T>, &mut ControlFlow) + 'static,
     {
-        self.run_return(callback);
-        process::exit(0)
+        let exit_code = self.run_return(callback);
+        process::exit(exit_code);
     }
 
-    pub fn run_return<F>(&mut self, mut callback: F)
+    pub fn run_return<F>(&mut self, mut callback: F) -> i32
     where
         F: FnMut(Event<'_, T>, &RootEventLoopWindowTarget<T>, &mut ControlFlow),
     {
-        // Send pending events to the server.
-        let _ = self.display.flush();
-
-        let mut control_flow = ControlFlow::default();
-
+        let mut control_flow = ControlFlow::Poll;
         let pending_user_events = self.pending_user_events.clone();
 
         callback(
@@ -209,7 +237,12 @@ impl<T: 'static> EventLoop<T> {
             &mut control_flow,
         );
 
-        let mut window_updates: Vec<(WindowId, WindowUpdate)> = Vec::new();
+        // NB: For consistency all platforms must emit a 'resumed' event even though Wayland
+        // applications don't themselves have a formal suspend/resume lifecycle.
+        callback(Event::Resumed, &self.window_target, &mut control_flow);
+
+        let mut window_compositor_updates: Vec<(WindowId, WindowCompositorUpdate)> = Vec::new();
+        let mut window_user_requests: Vec<(WindowId, WindowUserRequest)> = Vec::new();
         let mut event_sink_back_buffer = Vec::new();
 
         // NOTE We break on errors from dispatches, since if we've got protocol error
@@ -217,7 +250,108 @@ impl<T: 'static> EventLoop<T> {
         // really an option. Instead we inform that the event loop got destroyed. We may
         // communicate an error that something was terminated, but winit doesn't provide us
         // with an API to do that via some event.
-        loop {
+        // Still, we set the exit code to the error's OS error code, or to 1 if not possible.
+        let exit_code = loop {
+            // Send pending events to the server.
+            let _ = self.display.flush();
+
+            // During the run of the user callback, some other code monitoring and reading the
+            // Wayland socket may have been run (mesa for example does this with vsync), if that
+            // is the case, some events may have been enqueued in our event queue.
+            //
+            // If some messages are there, the event loop needs to behave as if it was instantly
+            // woken up by messages arriving from the Wayland socket, to avoid delaying the
+            // dispatch of these events until we're woken up again.
+            let instant_wakeup = {
+                let mut wayland_source = self.wayland_dispatcher.as_source_mut();
+                let queue = wayland_source.queue();
+                let state = match &mut self.window_target.p {
+                    PlatformEventLoopWindowTarget::Wayland(window_target) => {
+                        window_target.state.get_mut()
+                    }
+                    #[cfg(x11_platform)]
+                    _ => unreachable!(),
+                };
+
+                match queue.dispatch_pending(state, |_, _, _| unimplemented!()) {
+                    Ok(dispatched) => dispatched > 0,
+                    Err(error) => break error.raw_os_error().unwrap_or(1),
+                }
+            };
+
+            match control_flow {
+                ControlFlow::ExitWithCode(code) => break code,
+                ControlFlow::Poll => {
+                    // Non-blocking dispatch.
+                    let timeout = Duration::from_millis(0);
+                    if let Err(error) = self.loop_dispatch(Some(timeout)) {
+                        break error.raw_os_error().unwrap_or(1);
+                    }
+
+                    callback(
+                        Event::NewEvents(StartCause::Poll),
+                        &self.window_target,
+                        &mut control_flow,
+                    );
+                }
+                ControlFlow::Wait => {
+                    let timeout = if instant_wakeup {
+                        Some(Duration::from_millis(0))
+                    } else {
+                        None
+                    };
+
+                    if let Err(error) = self.loop_dispatch(timeout) {
+                        break error.raw_os_error().unwrap_or(1);
+                    }
+
+                    callback(
+                        Event::NewEvents(StartCause::WaitCancelled {
+                            start: Instant::now(),
+                            requested_resume: None,
+                        }),
+                        &self.window_target,
+                        &mut control_flow,
+                    );
+                }
+                ControlFlow::WaitUntil(deadline) => {
+                    let start = Instant::now();
+
+                    // Compute the amount of time we'll block for.
+                    let duration = if deadline > start && !instant_wakeup {
+                        deadline - start
+                    } else {
+                        Duration::from_millis(0)
+                    };
+
+                    if let Err(error) = self.loop_dispatch(Some(duration)) {
+                        break error.raw_os_error().unwrap_or(1);
+                    }
+
+                    let now = Instant::now();
+
+                    if now < deadline {
+                        callback(
+                            Event::NewEvents(StartCause::WaitCancelled {
+                                start,
+                                requested_resume: Some(deadline),
+                            }),
+                            &self.window_target,
+                            &mut control_flow,
+                        )
+                    } else {
+                        callback(
+                            Event::NewEvents(StartCause::ResumeTimeReached {
+                                start,
+                                requested_resume: deadline,
+                            }),
+                            &self.window_target,
+                            &mut control_flow,
+                        )
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
             // Handle pending user events. We don't need back buffer, since we can't dispatch
             // user events indirectly via callback to the user.
             for user_event in pending_user_events.borrow_mut().drain(..) {
@@ -229,35 +363,35 @@ impl<T: 'static> EventLoop<T> {
                 );
             }
 
-            // Process 'new' pending updates.
+            // Process 'new' pending updates from compositor.
             self.with_state(|state| {
-                window_updates.clear();
-                window_updates.extend(
+                window_compositor_updates.clear();
+                window_compositor_updates.extend(
                     state
-                        .window_updates
+                        .window_compositor_updates
                         .iter_mut()
-                        .map(|(wid, window_update)| (*wid, window_update.take())),
+                        .map(|(wid, window_update)| (*wid, mem::take(window_update))),
                 );
             });
 
-            for (window_id, window_update) in window_updates.iter_mut() {
-                if let Some(scale_factor) = window_update.scale_factor.map(|f| f as f64) {
+            for (window_id, window_compositor_update) in window_compositor_updates.iter_mut() {
+                if let Some(scale_factor) = window_compositor_update.scale_factor {
                     let mut physical_size = self.with_state(|state| {
-                        let window_handle = state.window_map.get(&window_id).unwrap();
+                        let window_handle = state.window_map.get(window_id).unwrap();
+                        *window_handle.scale_factor.lock().unwrap() = scale_factor;
+
                         let mut size = window_handle.size.lock().unwrap();
 
                         // Update the new logical size if it was changed.
-                        let window_size = window_update.size.unwrap_or(*size);
+                        let window_size = window_compositor_update.size.unwrap_or(*size);
                         *size = window_size;
 
-                        window_size.to_physical(scale_factor)
+                        logical_to_physical_rounded(window_size, scale_factor)
                     });
 
                     sticky_exit_callback(
                         Event::WindowEvent {
-                            window_id: crate::window::WindowId(
-                                crate::platform_impl::WindowId::Wayland(*window_id),
-                            ),
+                            window_id: crate::window::WindowId(*window_id),
                             event: WindowEvent::ScaleFactorChanged {
                                 scale_factor,
                                 new_inner_size: &mut physical_size,
@@ -271,26 +405,35 @@ impl<T: 'static> EventLoop<T> {
                     // We don't update size on a window handle since we'll do that later
                     // when handling size update.
                     let new_logical_size = physical_size.to_logical(scale_factor);
-                    window_update.size = Some(new_logical_size);
+                    window_compositor_update.size = Some(new_logical_size);
                 }
 
-                if let Some(size) = window_update.size.take() {
+                if let Some(size) = window_compositor_update.size.take() {
                     let physical_size = self.with_state(|state| {
-                        let window_handle = state.window_map.get_mut(&window_id).unwrap();
+                        let window_handle = state.window_map.get_mut(window_id).unwrap();
+
+                        if let Some(fs_state) = window_handle.fractional_scaling_state.as_ref() {
+                            // If we have a viewport then we support fractional scaling. As per the
+                            // protocol, we have to set the viewport size of the size prior scaling.
+                            fs_state
+                                .viewport
+                                .set_destination(size.width as _, size.height as _);
+                        }
+
                         let mut window_size = window_handle.size.lock().unwrap();
 
                         // Always issue resize event on scale factor change.
-                        let physical_size =
-                            if window_update.scale_factor.is_none() && *window_size == size {
-                                // The size hasn't changed, don't inform downstream about that.
-                                None
-                            } else {
-                                *window_size = size;
-                                let scale_factor =
-                                    sctk::get_surface_scale_factor(&window_handle.window.surface());
-                                let physical_size = size.to_physical(scale_factor as f64);
-                                Some(physical_size)
-                            };
+                        let physical_size = if window_compositor_update.scale_factor.is_none()
+                            && *window_size == size
+                        {
+                            // The size hasn't changed, don't inform downstream about that.
+                            None
+                        } else {
+                            *window_size = size;
+                            let scale_factor = window_handle.scale_factor();
+                            let physical_size = logical_to_physical_rounded(size, scale_factor);
+                            Some(physical_size)
+                        };
 
                         // We still perform all of those resize related logic even if the size
                         // hasn't changed, since GNOME relies on `set_geometry` calls after
@@ -298,8 +441,22 @@ impl<T: 'static> EventLoop<T> {
                         window_handle.window.resize(size.width, size.height);
                         window_handle.window.refresh();
 
+                        // Update the opaque region.
+                        window_handle.set_transparent(window_handle.transparent.get());
+
                         // Mark that refresh isn't required, since we've done it right now.
-                        window_update.refresh_frame = false;
+                        state
+                            .window_user_requests
+                            .get_mut(window_id)
+                            .unwrap()
+                            .refresh_frame = false;
+
+                        // Queue redraw requested.
+                        state
+                            .window_user_requests
+                            .get_mut(window_id)
+                            .unwrap()
+                            .redraw_requested = true;
 
                         physical_size
                     });
@@ -307,9 +464,7 @@ impl<T: 'static> EventLoop<T> {
                     if let Some(physical_size) = physical_size {
                         sticky_exit_callback(
                             Event::WindowEvent {
-                                window_id: crate::window::WindowId(
-                                    crate::platform_impl::WindowId::Wayland(*window_id),
-                                ),
+                                window_id: crate::window::WindowId(*window_id),
                                 event: WindowEvent::Resized(physical_size),
                             },
                             &self.window_target,
@@ -319,12 +474,11 @@ impl<T: 'static> EventLoop<T> {
                     }
                 }
 
-                if window_update.close_window {
+                // If the close is requested, send it here.
+                if window_compositor_update.close_window {
                     sticky_exit_callback(
                         Event::WindowEvent {
-                            window_id: crate::window::WindowId(
-                                crate::platform_impl::WindowId::Wayland(*window_id),
-                            ),
+                            window_id: crate::window::WindowId(*window_id),
                             event: WindowEvent::CloseRequested,
                         },
                         &self.window_target,
@@ -358,25 +512,42 @@ impl<T: 'static> EventLoop<T> {
                 &mut callback,
             );
 
+            // Apply user requests, so every event required resize and latter surface commit will
+            // be applied right before drawing. This will also ensure that every `RedrawRequested`
+            // event will be delivered in time.
+            self.with_state(|state| {
+                shim::handle_window_requests(state);
+            });
+
+            // Process 'new' pending updates from compositor.
+            self.with_state(|state| {
+                window_user_requests.clear();
+                window_user_requests.extend(
+                    state
+                        .window_user_requests
+                        .iter_mut()
+                        .map(|(wid, window_request)| (*wid, mem::take(window_request))),
+                );
+            });
+
             // Handle RedrawRequested events.
-            for (window_id, window_update) in window_updates.iter() {
+            for (window_id, mut window_request) in window_user_requests.iter() {
                 // Handle refresh of the frame.
-                if window_update.refresh_frame {
+                if window_request.refresh_frame {
                     self.with_state(|state| {
-                        let window_handle = state.window_map.get_mut(&window_id).unwrap();
+                        let window_handle = state.window_map.get_mut(window_id).unwrap();
                         window_handle.window.refresh();
-                        if !window_update.redraw_requested {
-                            window_handle.window.surface().commit();
-                        }
                     });
+
+                    // In general refreshing the frame requires surface commit, those force user
+                    // to redraw.
+                    window_request.redraw_requested = true;
                 }
 
                 // Handle redraw request.
-                if window_update.redraw_requested {
+                if window_request.redraw_requested {
                     sticky_exit_callback(
-                        Event::RedrawRequested(crate::window::WindowId(
-                            crate::platform_impl::WindowId::Wayland(*window_id),
-                        )),
+                        Event::RedrawRequested(crate::window::WindowId(*window_id)),
                         &self.window_target,
                         &mut control_flow,
                         &mut callback,
@@ -391,109 +562,10 @@ impl<T: 'static> EventLoop<T> {
                 &mut control_flow,
                 &mut callback,
             );
-
-            // Send pending events to the server.
-            let _ = self.display.flush();
-
-            // During the run of the user callback, some other code monitoring and reading the
-            // Wayland socket may have been run (mesa for example does this with vsync), if that
-            // is the case, some events may have been enqueued in our event queue.
-            //
-            // If some messages are there, the event loop needs to behave as if it was instantly
-            // woken up by messages arriving from the Wayland socket, to avoid delaying the
-            // dispatch of these events until we're woken up again.
-            let instant_wakeup = {
-                let handle = self.event_loop.handle();
-                let source = self.wayland_source.clone();
-                let dispatched = handle.with_source(&source, |wayland_source| {
-                    let queue = wayland_source.queue();
-                    self.with_state(|state| {
-                        queue.dispatch_pending(state, |_, _, _| unimplemented!())
-                    })
-                });
-
-                if let Ok(dispatched) = dispatched {
-                    dispatched > 0
-                } else {
-                    break;
-                }
-            };
-
-            match control_flow {
-                ControlFlow::Exit => break,
-                ControlFlow::Poll => {
-                    // Non-blocking dispatch.
-                    let timeout = Duration::from_millis(0);
-                    if self.loop_dispatch(Some(timeout)).is_err() {
-                        break;
-                    }
-
-                    callback(
-                        Event::NewEvents(StartCause::Poll),
-                        &self.window_target,
-                        &mut control_flow,
-                    );
-                }
-                ControlFlow::Wait => {
-                    let timeout = if instant_wakeup {
-                        Some(Duration::from_millis(0))
-                    } else {
-                        None
-                    };
-
-                    if self.loop_dispatch(timeout).is_err() {
-                        break;
-                    }
-
-                    callback(
-                        Event::NewEvents(StartCause::WaitCancelled {
-                            start: Instant::now(),
-                            requested_resume: None,
-                        }),
-                        &self.window_target,
-                        &mut control_flow,
-                    );
-                }
-                ControlFlow::WaitUntil(deadline) => {
-                    let start = Instant::now();
-
-                    // Compute the amount of time we'll block for.
-                    let duration = if deadline > start && !instant_wakeup {
-                        deadline - start
-                    } else {
-                        Duration::from_millis(0)
-                    };
-
-                    if self.loop_dispatch(Some(duration)).is_err() {
-                        break;
-                    }
-
-                    let now = Instant::now();
-
-                    if now < deadline {
-                        callback(
-                            Event::NewEvents(StartCause::WaitCancelled {
-                                start,
-                                requested_resume: Some(deadline),
-                            }),
-                            &self.window_target,
-                            &mut control_flow,
-                        )
-                    } else {
-                        callback(
-                            Event::NewEvents(StartCause::ResumeTimeReached {
-                                start,
-                                requested_resume: deadline,
-                            }),
-                            &self.window_target,
-                            &mut control_flow,
-                        )
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-        }
+        };
 
         callback(Event::LoopDestroyed, &self.window_target, &mut control_flow);
+        exit_code
     }
 
     #[inline]
@@ -508,28 +580,30 @@ impl<T: 'static> EventLoop<T> {
 
     fn with_state<U, F: FnOnce(&mut WinitState) -> U>(&mut self, f: F) -> U {
         let state = match &mut self.window_target.p {
-            crate::platform_impl::EventLoopWindowTarget::Wayland(ref mut window_target) => {
-                window_target.state.get_mut()
-            }
-            #[cfg(feature = "x11")]
+            PlatformEventLoopWindowTarget::Wayland(window_target) => window_target.state.get_mut(),
+            #[cfg(x11_platform)]
             _ => unreachable!(),
         };
 
         f(state)
     }
 
-    fn loop_dispatch<D: Into<Option<std::time::Duration>>>(
-        &mut self,
-        timeout: D,
-    ) -> std::io::Result<()> {
-        let mut state = match &mut self.window_target.p {
-            crate::platform_impl::EventLoopWindowTarget::Wayland(ref mut window_target) => {
-                window_target.state.get_mut()
-            }
-            #[cfg(feature = "x11")]
+    fn loop_dispatch<D: Into<Option<std::time::Duration>>>(&mut self, timeout: D) -> IOResult<()> {
+        let state = match &mut self.window_target.p {
+            PlatformEventLoopWindowTarget::Wayland(window_target) => window_target.state.get_mut(),
+            #[cfg(x11_platform)]
             _ => unreachable!(),
         };
 
-        self.event_loop.dispatch(timeout, &mut state)
+        self.event_loop
+            .dispatch(timeout, state)
+            .map_err(|error| error.into())
     }
 }
+
+// The default routine does floor, but we need round on Wayland.
+fn logical_to_physical_rounded(size: LogicalSize<u32>, scale_factor: f64) -> PhysicalSize<u32> {
+    let width = size.width as f64 * scale_factor;
+    let height = size.height as f64 * scale_factor;
+    (width.round(), height.round()).into()
+}

src/platform_impl/linux/wayland/event_loop/sink.rs

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 //! An event loop's sink to deliver events from the Wayland event callbacks.
 
 use crate::event::{DeviceEvent, DeviceId as RootDeviceId, Event, WindowEvent};
-use crate::platform_impl::platform::{DeviceId as PlatformDeviceId, WindowId as PlatformWindowId};
+use crate::platform_impl::platform::DeviceId as PlatformDeviceId;
 use crate::window::WindowId as RootWindowId;
 
 use super::{DeviceId, WindowId};
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ impl EventSink {
     pub fn push_window_event(&mut self, event: WindowEvent<'static>, window_id: WindowId) {
         self.window_events.push(Event::WindowEvent {
             event,
-            window_id: RootWindowId(PlatformWindowId::Wayland(window_id)),
+            window_id: RootWindowId(window_id),
         });
     }
 }

src/platform_impl/linux/wayland/event_loop/state.rs

@@ -3,7 +3,9 @@
 use std::collections::HashMap;
 
 use super::EventSink;
-use crate::platform_impl::wayland::window::shim::{WindowHandle, WindowUpdate};
+use crate::platform_impl::wayland::window::shim::{
+    WindowCompositorUpdate, WindowHandle, WindowUserRequest,
+};
 use crate::platform_impl::wayland::WindowId;
 
 /// Wrapper to carry winit's state.
@@ -12,10 +14,14 @@ pub struct WinitState {
     /// event loop and forwarded downstream afterwards.
     pub event_sink: EventSink,
 
+    /// Window updates comming from the user requests. Those are separatelly dispatched right after
+    /// `MainEventsCleared`.
+    pub window_user_requests: HashMap<WindowId, WindowUserRequest>,
+
     /// Window updates, which are coming from SCTK or the compositor, which require
     /// calling back to the winit's downstream. They are handled right in the event loop,
     /// unlike the ones coming from buffers on the `WindowHandle`'s.
-    pub window_updates: HashMap<WindowId, WindowUpdate>,
+    pub window_compositor_updates: HashMap<WindowId, WindowCompositorUpdate>,
 
     /// Window map containing all SCTK windows. Since those windows aren't allowed
     /// to be sent to other threads, they live on the event loop's thread

src/platform_impl/linux/wayland/mod.rs

@@ -1,13 +1,8 @@
-#![cfg(any(
-    target_os = "linux",
-    target_os = "dragonfly",
-    target_os = "freebsd",
-    target_os = "netbsd",
-    target_os = "openbsd"
-))]
+#![cfg(wayland_platform)]
 
 use sctk::reexports::client::protocol::wl_surface::WlSurface;
 
+pub use crate::platform_impl::platform::WindowId;
 pub use event_loop::{EventLoop, EventLoopProxy, EventLoopWindowTarget};
 pub use output::{MonitorHandle, VideoMode};
 pub use window::Window;
@@ -15,6 +10,7 @@ pub use window::Window;
 mod env;
 mod event_loop;
 mod output;
+mod protocols;
 mod seat;
 mod window;
 
@@ -22,21 +18,12 @@ mod window;
 pub struct DeviceId;
 
 impl DeviceId {
-    pub unsafe fn dummy() -> Self {
+    pub const unsafe fn dummy() -> Self {
         DeviceId
     }
 }
 
-#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord, Hash)]
-pub struct WindowId(usize);
-
-impl WindowId {
-    pub unsafe fn dummy() -> Self {
-        WindowId(0)
-    }
-}
-
 #[inline]
 fn make_wid(surface: &WlSurface) -> WindowId {
-    WindowId(surface.as_ref().c_ptr() as usize)
+    WindowId(surface.as_ref().c_ptr() as u64)
 }

src/platform_impl/linux/wayland/output.rs

@@ -8,7 +8,6 @@ use sctk::environment::Environment;
 use sctk::output::OutputStatusListener;
 
 use crate::dpi::{PhysicalPosition, PhysicalSize};
-use crate::monitor::{MonitorHandle as RootMonitorHandle, VideoMode as RootVideoMode};
 use crate::platform_impl::platform::{
     MonitorHandle as PlatformMonitorHandle, VideoMode as PlatformVideoMode,
 };
@@ -112,7 +111,7 @@ impl Eq for MonitorHandle {}
 
 impl PartialOrd for MonitorHandle {
     fn partial_cmp(&self, other: &Self) -> Option<std::cmp::Ordering> {
-        Some(self.cmp(&other))
+        Some(self.cmp(other))
     }
 }
 
@@ -167,25 +166,35 @@ impl MonitorHandle {
             .into()
     }
 
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn refresh_rate_millihertz(&self) -> Option<u32> {
+        sctk::output::with_output_info(&self.proxy, |info| {
+            info.modes
+                .iter()
+                .find_map(|mode| mode.is_current.then(|| mode.refresh_rate as u32))
+        })
+        .flatten()
+    }
+
     #[inline]
     pub fn scale_factor(&self) -> i32 {
         sctk::output::with_output_info(&self.proxy, |info| info.scale_factor).unwrap_or(1)
     }
 
     #[inline]
-    pub fn video_modes(&self) -> impl Iterator<Item = RootVideoMode> {
+    pub fn video_modes(&self) -> impl Iterator<Item = PlatformVideoMode> {
         let modes = sctk::output::with_output_info(&self.proxy, |info| info.modes.clone())
-            .unwrap_or_else(Vec::new);
+            .unwrap_or_default();
 
         let monitor = self.clone();
 
-        modes.into_iter().map(move |mode| RootVideoMode {
-            video_mode: PlatformVideoMode::Wayland(VideoMode {
+        modes.into_iter().map(move |mode| {
+            PlatformVideoMode::Wayland(VideoMode {
                 size: (mode.dimensions.0 as u32, mode.dimensions.1 as u32).into(),
-                refresh_rate: (mode.refresh_rate as f32 / 1000.0).round() as u16,
+                refresh_rate_millihertz: mode.refresh_rate as u32,
                 bit_depth: 32,
                 monitor: monitor.clone(),
-            }),
+            })
         })
     }
 }
@@ -194,7 +203,7 @@ impl MonitorHandle {
 pub struct VideoMode {
     pub(crate) size: PhysicalSize<u32>,
     pub(crate) bit_depth: u16,
-    pub(crate) refresh_rate: u16,
+    pub(crate) refresh_rate_millihertz: u32,
     pub(crate) monitor: MonitorHandle,
 }
 
@@ -210,14 +219,12 @@ impl VideoMode {
     }
 
     #[inline]
-    pub fn refresh_rate(&self) -> u16 {
-        self.refresh_rate
+    pub fn refresh_rate_millihertz(&self) -> u32 {
+        self.refresh_rate_millihertz
     }
 
-    pub fn monitor(&self) -> RootMonitorHandle {
-        RootMonitorHandle {
-            inner: PlatformMonitorHandle::Wayland(self.monitor.clone()),
-        }
+    pub fn monitor(&self) -> PlatformMonitorHandle {
+        PlatformMonitorHandle::Wayland(self.monitor.clone())
     }
 }
 
@@ -233,7 +240,7 @@ impl<T> EventLoopWindowTarget<T> {
     }
 
     #[inline]
-    pub fn primary_monitor(&self) -> Option<RootMonitorHandle> {
+    pub fn primary_monitor(&self) -> Option<PlatformMonitorHandle> {
         // There's no primary monitor on Wayland.
         None
     }

src/platform_impl/linux/wayland/protocols.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+#![allow(dead_code, non_camel_case_types, unused_unsafe, unused_variables)]
+#![allow(non_upper_case_globals, non_snake_case, unused_imports)]
+#![allow(missing_docs, clippy::all)]
+
+use wayland_client::protocol::wl_surface;
+use wayland_client::sys;
+use wayland_client::{AnonymousObject, Attached, Main, Proxy, ProxyMap};
+use wayland_commons::map::{Object, ObjectMetadata};
+use wayland_commons::smallvec;
+use wayland_commons::wire::{Argument, ArgumentType, Message, MessageDesc};
+use wayland_commons::{Interface, MessageGroup};
+
+include!(concat!(env!("OUT_DIR"), "/fractional_scale_v1.rs"));

src/platform_impl/linux/wayland/seat/keyboard/handlers.rs

@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 //! Handling of various keyboard events.
 
+use std::sync::atomic::Ordering;
+
 use sctk::reexports::client::protocol::wl_keyboard::KeyState;
 
 use sctk::seat::keyboard::Event as KeyboardEvent;
@@ -22,6 +24,12 @@ pub(super) fn handle_keyboard(
         KeyboardEvent::Enter { surface, .. } => {
             let window_id = wayland::make_wid(&surface);
 
+            let window_handle = match winit_state.window_map.get_mut(&window_id) {
+                Some(window_handle) => window_handle,
+                None => return,
+            };
+            window_handle.has_focus.store(true, Ordering::Relaxed);
+
             // Window gained focus.
             event_sink.push_window_event(WindowEvent::Focused(true), window_id);
 
@@ -34,7 +42,14 @@ pub(super) fn handle_keyboard(
             inner.target_window_id = Some(window_id);
         }
         KeyboardEvent::Leave { surface, .. } => {
+            // Reset the id.
+            inner.target_window_id = None;
+
             let window_id = wayland::make_wid(&surface);
+            let window_handle = match winit_state.window_map.get_mut(&window_id) {
+                Some(window_handle) => window_handle,
+                None => return,
+            };
 
             // Notify that no modifiers are being pressed.
             if !inner.modifiers_state.borrow().is_empty() {
@@ -44,11 +59,10 @@ pub(super) fn handle_keyboard(
                 );
             }
 
+            window_handle.has_focus.store(false, Ordering::Relaxed);
+
             // Window lost focus.
             event_sink.push_window_event(WindowEvent::Focused(false), window_id);
-
-            // Reset the id.
-            inner.target_window_id = None;
         }
         KeyboardEvent::Key {
             rawkey,

src/platform_impl/linux/wayland/seat/keyboard/mod.rs

@@ -7,9 +7,9 @@ use sctk::reexports::client::protocol::wl_keyboard::WlKeyboard;
 use sctk::reexports::client::protocol::wl_seat::WlSeat;
 use sctk::reexports::client::Attached;
 
-use sctk::reexports::calloop::{LoopHandle, Source};
+use sctk::reexports::calloop::LoopHandle;
 
-use sctk::seat::keyboard::{self, RepeatSource};
+use sctk::seat::keyboard;
 
 use crate::event::ModifiersState;
 use crate::platform_impl::wayland::event_loop::WinitState;
@@ -20,39 +20,28 @@ mod keymap;
 
 pub(crate) struct Keyboard {
     pub keyboard: WlKeyboard,
-
-    /// The source for repeat keys.
-    pub repeat_source: Option<Source<RepeatSource>>,
-
-    /// LoopHandle to drop `RepeatSource`, when dropping the keyboard.
-    pub loop_handle: LoopHandle<WinitState>,
 }
 
 impl Keyboard {
     pub fn new(
         seat: &Attached<WlSeat>,
-        loop_handle: LoopHandle<WinitState>,
+        loop_handle: LoopHandle<'static, WinitState>,
         modifiers_state: Rc<RefCell<ModifiersState>>,
     ) -> Option<Self> {
         let mut inner = KeyboardInner::new(modifiers_state);
-        let keyboard_data = keyboard::map_keyboard_repeat(
+        let keyboard = keyboard::map_keyboard_repeat(
             loop_handle.clone(),
-            &seat,
+            seat,
             None,
             keyboard::RepeatKind::System,
             move |event, _, mut dispatch_data| {
                 let winit_state = dispatch_data.get::<WinitState>().unwrap();
                 handlers::handle_keyboard(event, &mut inner, winit_state);
             },
-        );
+        )
+        .ok()?;
 
-        let (keyboard, repeat_source) = keyboard_data.ok()?;
-
-        Some(Self {
-            keyboard,
-            loop_handle,
-            repeat_source: Some(repeat_source),
-        })
+        Some(Self { keyboard })
     }
 }
 
@@ -61,10 +50,6 @@ impl Drop for Keyboard {
         if self.keyboard.as_ref().version() >= 3 {
             self.keyboard.release();
         }
-
-        if let Some(repeat_source) = self.repeat_source.take() {
-            self.loop_handle.remove(repeat_source);
-        }
     }
 }
 

src/platform_impl/linux/wayland/seat/mod.rs

@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ pub struct SeatManager {
 impl SeatManager {
     pub fn new(
         env: &Environment<WinitEnv>,
-        loop_handle: LoopHandle<WinitState>,
+        loop_handle: LoopHandle<'static, WinitState>,
         theme_manager: ThemeManager,
     ) -> Self {
         let relative_pointer_manager = env.get_global::<ZwpRelativePointerManagerV1>();
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ impl SeatManager {
         }
 
         let seat_listener = env.listen_for_seats(move |seat, seat_data, _| {
-            inner.process_seat_update(&seat, &seat_data);
+            inner.process_seat_update(&seat, seat_data);
         });
 
         Self {
@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ struct SeatManagerInner {
     seats: Vec<SeatInfo>,
 
     /// Loop handle.
-    loop_handle: LoopHandle<WinitState>,
+    loop_handle: LoopHandle<'static, WinitState>,
 
     /// Relative pointer manager.
     relative_pointer_manager: Option<Attached<ZwpRelativePointerManagerV1>>,
@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ impl SeatManagerInner {
         relative_pointer_manager: Option<Attached<ZwpRelativePointerManagerV1>>,
         pointer_constraints: Option<Attached<ZwpPointerConstraintsV1>>,
         text_input_manager: Option<Attached<ZwpTextInputManagerV3>>,
-        loop_handle: LoopHandle<WinitState>,
+        loop_handle: LoopHandle<'static, WinitState>,
     ) -> Self {
         Self {
             seats: Vec::new(),
@@ -127,7 +127,7 @@ impl SeatManagerInner {
         if seat_data.has_pointer && !seat_data.defunct {
             if seat_info.pointer.is_none() {
                 seat_info.pointer = Some(Pointers::new(
-                    &seat,
+                    seat,
                     &self.theme_manager,
                     &self.relative_pointer_manager,
                     &self.pointer_constraints,
@@ -142,7 +142,7 @@ impl SeatManagerInner {
         if seat_data.has_keyboard && !seat_data.defunct {
             if seat_info.keyboard.is_none() {
                 seat_info.keyboard = Keyboard::new(
-                    &seat,
+                    seat,
                     self.loop_handle.clone(),
                     seat_info.modifiers_state.clone(),
                 );
@@ -154,7 +154,7 @@ impl SeatManagerInner {
         // Handle touch.
         if seat_data.has_touch && !seat_data.defunct {
             if seat_info.touch.is_none() {
-                seat_info.touch = Some(Touch::new(&seat));
+                seat_info.touch = Some(Touch::new(seat));
             }
         } else {
             seat_info.touch = None;
@@ -165,7 +165,7 @@ impl SeatManagerInner {
             if seat_data.defunct {
                 seat_info.text_input = None;
             } else if seat_info.text_input.is_none() {
-                seat_info.text_input = Some(TextInput::new(&seat, &text_input_manager));
+                seat_info.text_input = Some(TextInput::new(seat, text_input_manager));
             }
         }
     }

src/platform_impl/linux/wayland/seat/pointer/data.rs

@@ -5,8 +5,9 @@ use std::rc::Rc;
 
 use sctk::reexports::client::protocol::wl_surface::WlSurface;
 use sctk::reexports::client::Attached;
-use sctk::reexports::protocols::unstable::pointer_constraints::v1::client::zwp_pointer_constraints_v1::{ZwpPointerConstraintsV1};
+use sctk::reexports::protocols::unstable::pointer_constraints::v1::client::zwp_pointer_constraints_v1::ZwpPointerConstraintsV1;
 use sctk::reexports::protocols::unstable::pointer_constraints::v1::client::zwp_confined_pointer_v1::ZwpConfinedPointerV1;
+use sctk::reexports::protocols::unstable::pointer_constraints::v1::client::zwp_locked_pointer_v1::ZwpLockedPointerV1;
 
 use crate::event::{ModifiersState, TouchPhase};
 
@@ -25,10 +26,14 @@ pub(super) struct PointerData {
     pub pointer_constraints: Option<Attached<ZwpPointerConstraintsV1>>,
 
     pub confined_pointer: Rc<RefCell<Option<ZwpConfinedPointerV1>>>,
+    pub locked_pointer: Rc<RefCell<Option<ZwpLockedPointerV1>>>,
 
-    /// A latest event serial.
+    /// Latest observed serial in pointer events.
     pub latest_serial: Rc<Cell<u32>>,
 
+    /// Latest observed serial in pointer enter events.
+    pub latest_enter_serial: Rc<Cell<u32>>,
+
     /// The currently accumulated axis data on a pointer.
     pub axis_data: AxisData,
 }
@@ -36,13 +41,16 @@ pub(super) struct PointerData {
 impl PointerData {
     pub fn new(
         confined_pointer: Rc<RefCell<Option<ZwpConfinedPointerV1>>>,
+        locked_pointer: Rc<RefCell<Option<ZwpLockedPointerV1>>>,
         pointer_constraints: Option<Attached<ZwpPointerConstraintsV1>>,
         modifiers_state: Rc<RefCell<ModifiersState>>,
     ) -> Self {
         Self {
             surface: None,
             latest_serial: Rc::new(Cell::new(0)),
+            latest_enter_serial: Rc::new(Cell::new(0)),
             confined_pointer,
+            locked_pointer,
             modifiers_state,
             pointer_constraints,
             axis_data: AxisData::new(),