Winit version 0.28.1

In some scenarious of window dropping the callback for keyboard
may run after the window was dropped.

.github/CODEOWNERS

@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+# Core maintainers:
+# - @msiglreith
+# - @kchibisov
+# - @madsmtm
+# - @maroider
+
+# Android
+/src/platform/android.rs            @msiglreith
+/src/platform_impl/android          @msiglreith
+
+# iOS
+/src/platform/ios.rs                @madsmtm
+/src/platform_impl/ios              @madsmtm
+
+# Unix
+/src/platform_impl/linux/mod.rs     @kchibisov
+
+# Wayland
+/src/platform/wayland.rs            @kchibisov
+/src/platform_impl/linux/wayland    @kchibisov
+
+# X11
+/src/platform/x11.rs                @kchibisov
+/src/platform_impl/linux/x11        @kchibisov
+
+# macOS
+/src/platform/macos.rs              @madsmtm
+/src/platform_impl/macos            @madsmtm
+
+# Web (no maintainer)
+/src/platform/web.rs
+/src/platform_impl/web
+
+# Windows
+/src/platform/windows.rs            @msiglreith
+/src/platform_impl/windows          @msiglreith
+
+# Orbital (Redox OS)
+/src/platform/orbital.rs            @jackpot51
+/src/platform_impl/orbital          @jackpot51

.github/workflows/ci.yml

@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ jobs:
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false
       matrix:
-        rust_version: [1.57.0, stable, nightly]
+        rust_version: ['1.60.0', stable, nightly]
         platform:
           # Note: Make sure that we test all the `docs.rs` targets defined in Cargo.toml!
           - { target: x86_64-pc-windows-msvc,   os: windows-latest,  }
@@ -33,7 +33,8 @@ jobs:
           - { target: x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu, os: ubuntu-latest,   }
           - { target: x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu, os: ubuntu-latest, options: --no-default-features, features: x11 }
           - { target: x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu, os: ubuntu-latest, options: --no-default-features, features: "wayland,wayland-dlopen" }
-          - { target: aarch64-linux-android,    os: ubuntu-latest,  cmd: 'apk --' }
+          - { target: aarch64-linux-android,    os: ubuntu-latest, options: -p winit, cmd: 'apk --', features: "android-native-activity" }
+          - { target: x86_64-unknown-redox,     os: ubuntu-latest,   }
           - { target: x86_64-apple-darwin,      os: macos-latest,    }
           - { target: x86_64-apple-ios,         os: macos-latest,    }
           - { target: aarch64-apple-ios,        os: macos-latest,    }
@@ -44,7 +45,6 @@ jobs:
     env:
       RUST_BACKTRACE: 1
       CARGO_INCREMENTAL: 0
-      PKG_CONFIG_ALLOW_CROSS: 1
       RUSTFLAGS: "-C debuginfo=0 --deny warnings"
       OPTIONS: ${{ matrix.platform.options }}
       FEATURES: ${{ format(',{0}', matrix.platform.features ) }}
@@ -67,56 +67,55 @@ jobs:
         targets: ${{ matrix.platform.target }}
         components: clippy
 
-    - name: Setup NDK path
-      shell: bash
-      # "Temporary" workaround until https://github.com/actions/virtual-environments/issues/5879#issuecomment-1195156618
-      # gets looked into.
-      run: echo "ANDROID_NDK_ROOT=$ANDROID_NDK_LATEST_HOME" >> $GITHUB_ENV
-    - name: Install Linux dependencies
-      if: (matrix.platform.os == 'ubuntu-latest')
-      run: sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install pkg-config cmake libfreetype6-dev libfontconfig1-dev
     - name: Install GCC Multilib
       if: (matrix.platform.os == 'ubuntu-latest') && contains(matrix.platform.target, 'i686')
-      run: sudo dpkg --add-architecture i386 && sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install g++-multilib gcc-multilib libfreetype6-dev:i386 libfontconfig1-dev:i386
+      run: sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install gcc-multilib
     - name: Install cargo-apk
       if: contains(matrix.platform.target, 'android')
       run: cargo install cargo-apk
 
     - name: Check documentation
       shell: bash
-      run: cargo $CMD doc --no-deps --target ${{ matrix.platform.target }} $OPTIONS --features $FEATURES --document-private-items
+      run: cargo doc --no-deps --target ${{ matrix.platform.target }} $OPTIONS --features $FEATURES --document-private-items
 
-    - name: Build
+    - name: Build crate
       shell: bash
       run: cargo $CMD build --verbose --target ${{ matrix.platform.target }} $OPTIONS --features $FEATURES
 
     - name: Build tests
       shell: bash
+      if: >
+        !contains(matrix.platform.target, 'redox') &&
+        matrix.rust_version != '1.60.0'
       run: cargo $CMD test --no-run --verbose --target ${{ matrix.platform.target }} $OPTIONS --features $FEATURES
+
     - name: Run tests
       shell: bash
-      if: (
+      if: >
         !contains(matrix.platform.target, 'android') &&
         !contains(matrix.platform.target, 'ios') &&
-        !contains(matrix.platform.target, 'wasm32'))
+        !contains(matrix.platform.target, 'wasm32') &&
+        !contains(matrix.platform.target, 'redox') &&
+        matrix.rust_version != '1.60.0'
       run: cargo $CMD test --verbose --target ${{ matrix.platform.target }} $OPTIONS --features $FEATURES
 
     - name: Lint with clippy
       shell: bash
-      if: (matrix.rust_version == '1.57.0') && !contains(matrix.platform.options, '--no-default-features')
+      if: (matrix.rust_version == 'stable') && !contains(matrix.platform.options, '--no-default-features')
       run: cargo clippy --all-targets --target ${{ matrix.platform.target }} $OPTIONS --features $FEATURES -- -Dwarnings
 
-    - name: Build with serde enabled
-      shell: bash
-      run: cargo $CMD build --verbose --target ${{ matrix.platform.target }} $OPTIONS --features serde,$FEATURES
-
     - name: Build tests with serde enabled
       shell: bash
+      if: >
+        !contains(matrix.platform.target, 'redox') &&
+        matrix.rust_version != '1.60.0'
       run: cargo $CMD test --no-run --verbose --target ${{ matrix.platform.target }} $OPTIONS --features serde,$FEATURES
     - name: Run tests with serde enabled
       shell: bash
-      if: (
+      if: >
         !contains(matrix.platform.target, 'android') &&
         !contains(matrix.platform.target, 'ios') &&
-        !contains(matrix.platform.target, 'wasm32'))
+        !contains(matrix.platform.target, 'wasm32') &&
+        !contains(matrix.platform.target, 'redox') &&
+        matrix.rust_version != '1.60.0'
       run: cargo $CMD test --verbose --target ${{ matrix.platform.target }} $OPTIONS --features serde,$FEATURES

.github/workflows/publish.yml

@@ -1,18 +0,0 @@
-name: Publish
-
-on:
-  push:
-    tags:
-    - 'v*' # Push events to matching v*, i.e. v1.0, v20.15.10
-
-jobs:
-  Publish:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v2
-    - uses: hecrj/setup-rust-action@v1
-      with:
-        rust-version: stable
-        components: rustfmt
-    - name: Publish to crates.io
-      run: cargo publish --token ${{ secrets.cratesio_token }}

.gitignore

@@ -7,4 +7,4 @@ rls/
 *.ts
 *.js
 #*#
-.DS_Store
+.DS_Store

CHANGELOG.md

@@ -8,6 +8,102 @@ And please only add new entries to the top of this list, right below the `# Unre
 
 # Unreleased
 
+# 0.28.1
+
+- On Wayland, fix crash when dropping a window in multi-window setup.
+
+# 0.28.0
+
+- On macOS, fixed `Ime::Commit` persisting for all input after interacting with `Ime`.
+- On macOS, added `WindowExtMacOS::option_as_alt` and `WindowExtMacOS::set_option_as_alt`.
+- On Windows, fix window size for maximized, undecorated windows.
+- On Windows and macOS, add `WindowBuilder::with_active`.
+- Add `Window::is_minimized`.
+- On X11, fix errors handled during `register_xlib_error_hook` invocation bleeding into winit.
+- Add `Window::has_focus`.
+- On Windows, fix `Window::set_minimized(false)` not working for windows minimized by `Win + D` hotkey.
+- **Breaking:** On Web, touch input no longer fires `WindowEvent::Cursor*`, `WindowEvent::MouseInput`, or `DeviceEvent::MouseMotion` like other platforms, but instead it fires `WindowEvent::Touch`.
+- **Breaking:** Removed platform specific `WindowBuilder::with_parent` API in favor of `WindowBuilder::with_parent_window`.
+- On Windows, retain `WS_MAXIMIZE` window style when un-minimizing a maximized window.
+- On Windows, fix left mouse button release event not being sent after `Window::drag_window`.
+- On macOS, run most actions on the main thread, which is strictly more correct, but might make multithreaded applications block slightly more.
+- On macOS, fix panic when getting current monitor without any monitor attached.
+- On Windows and MacOS, add API to enable/disable window buttons (close, minimize, ...etc).
+- On Windows, macOS, X11 and Wayland, add `Window::set_theme`.
+- **Breaking:** Remove `WindowExtWayland::wayland_set_csd_theme` and `WindowBuilderExtX11::with_gtk_theme_variant`.
+- On Windows, revert window background to an empty brush to avoid white flashes when changing scaling.
+- **Breaking:** Removed `Window::set_always_on_top` and related APIs in favor of `Window::set_window_level`.
+- On Windows, MacOS and X11, add always on bottom APIs.
+- On Windows, fix the value in `MouseButton::Other`.
+- On macOS, add `WindowExtMacOS::is_document_edited` and `WindowExtMacOS::set_document_edited` APIs.
+- **Breaking:** Removed `WindowBuilderExtIOS::with_root_view_class`; instead, you should use `[[view layer] addSublayer: ...]` to add an instance of the desired layer class (e.g. `CAEAGLLayer` or `CAMetalLayer`). See `vulkano-win` or `wgpu` for examples of this.
+- On MacOS and Windows, add `Window::set_content_protected`.
+- On MacOS, add `EventLoopBuilderExtMacOS::with_activate_ignoring_other_apps`.
+- On Windows, fix icons specified on `WindowBuilder` not taking effect for windows created after the first one.
+- On Windows and macOS, add `Window::title` to query the current window title.
+- On Windows, fix focusing menubar when pressing `Alt`.
+- On MacOS, made `accepts_first_mouse` configurable.
+- Migrated `WindowBuilderExtUnix::with_resize_increments` to `WindowBuilder`.
+- Added `Window::resize_increments`/`Window::set_resize_increments` to update resize increments at runtime for X11/macOS.
+- macOS/iOS: Use `objc2` instead of `objc` internally.
+- **Breaking:** Bump MSRV from `1.57` to `1.60`.
+- **Breaking:** Split the `platform::unix` module into `platform::x11` and `platform::wayland`. The extension types are similarly renamed.
+- **Breaking:**: Removed deprecated method `platform::unix::WindowExtUnix::is_ready`.
+- Removed `parking_lot` dependency.
+- **Breaking:** On macOS, add support for two-finger touchpad magnification and rotation gestures with new events `WindowEvent::TouchpadMagnify` and `WindowEvent::TouchpadRotate`. Also add support for touchpad smart-magnification gesture with a new event `WindowEvent::SmartMagnify`.
+- **Breaking:** On web, the `WindowBuilderExtWebSys::with_prevent_default` setting (enabled by default), now additionally prevents scrolling of the webpage in mobile browsers, previously it only disabled scrolling on desktop.
+- On Wayland, `wayland-csd-adwaita` now uses `ab_glyph` instead of `crossfont` to render the title for decorations.
+- On Wayland, a new `wayland-csd-adwaita-crossfont` feature was added to use `crossfont` instead of `ab_glyph` for decorations.
+- On Wayland, if not otherwise specified use upstream automatic CSD theme selection.
+- On X11, added `WindowExtX11::with_parent` to create child windows.
+- Added support for `WindowBuilder::with_theme` and `Window::theme` to support per-window dark/light/system theme configuration on macos, windows and wayland.
+- On macOS, added support for `WindowEvent::ThemeChanged`.
+- **Breaking:** Removed `WindowBuilderExtWindows::with_theme` and `WindowBuilderExtWayland::with_wayland_csd_theme` in favour of `WindowBuilder::with_theme`.
+- **Breaking:** Removed `WindowExtWindows::theme` in favour of `Window::theme`.
+- Enabled `doc_auto_cfg` when generating docs on docs.rs for feature labels.
+- **Breaking:** On Android, switched to using [`android-activity`](https://github.com/rib/android-activity) crate as a glue layer instead of [`ndk-glue`](https://github.com/rust-windowing/android-ndk-rs/tree/master/ndk-glue). See [README.md#Android](https://github.com/rust-windowing/winit#Android) for more details. ([#2444](https://github.com/rust-windowing/winit/pull/2444))
+- **Breaking:** Removed support for `raw-window-handle` version `0.4`
+- On Wayland, `RedrawRequested` not emitted during resize.
+- Add a `set_wait_timeout` function to `ControlFlow` to allow waiting for a `Duration`.
+- **Breaking:** Remove the unstable `xlib_xconnection()` function from the private interface.
+- Added Orbital support for Redox OS
+- On X11, added `drag_resize_window` method.
+- Added `Window::set_transparent` to provide a hint about transparency of the window on Wayland and macOS.
+- On macOS, fix the mouse buttons other than left/right/middle being reported as middle.
+- On Wayland, support fractional scaling via the wp-fractional-scale protocol.
+- On web, fix removal of mouse event listeners from the global object upon window distruction.
+- Add WindowAttributes getter to WindowBuilder to allow introspection of default values.
+- Added `Window::set_ime_purpose` for setting the IME purpose, currently implemented on Wayland only.
+
+# 0.27.5
+
+- On Wayland, fix byte offset in `Ime::Preedit` pointing to invalid bytes.
+
+# 0.27.4
+
+- On Windows, emit `ReceivedCharacter` events on system keybindings.
+- On Windows, fixed focus event emission on minimize.
+- On X11, fixed IME crashing during reload.
+
+# 0.27.3
+
+- On Windows, added `WindowExtWindows::set_undecorated_shadow` and `WindowBuilderExtWindows::with_undecorated_shadow` to draw the drop shadow behind a borderless window.
+- On Windows, fixed default window features (ie snap, animations, shake, etc.) when decorations are disabled.
+- On Windows, fixed ALT+Space shortcut to open window menu.
+- On Wayland, fixed `Ime::Preedit` not being sent on IME reset.
+- Fixed unbound version specified for `raw-window-handle` leading to compilation failures.
+- Empty `Ime::Preedit` event will be sent before `Ime::Commit` to help clearing preedit.
+- On X11, fixed IME context picking by querying for supported styles beforehand.
+
+# 0.27.2 (2022-8-12)
+
+- On macOS, fixed touch phase reporting when scrolling.
+- On X11, fix min, max and resize increment hints not persisting for resizable windows (e.g. on DPI change).
+- On Windows, respect min/max inner sizes when creating the window.
+- For backwards compatibility, `Window` now (additionally) implements the old version (`0.4`) of the `HasRawWindowHandle` trait
+- On Windows, added support for `EventLoopWindowTarget::set_device_event_filter`.
+- On Wayland, fix user requested `WindowEvent::RedrawRequested` being delayed by a frame.
+
 # 0.27.1 (2022-07-30)
 
 - The minimum supported Rust version was lowered to `1.57.0` and now explicitly tested.
@@ -85,6 +181,7 @@ And please only add new entries to the top of this list, right below the `# Unre
 - On Android, upgrade `ndk` and `ndk-glue` dependencies to the recently released `0.7.0`.
 - All platforms can now be relied on to emit a `Resumed` event. Applications are recommended to lazily initialize graphics state and windows on first resume for portability.
 - **Breaking:**: Reverse horizontal scrolling sign in `MouseScrollDelta` to match the direction of vertical scrolling. A positive X value now means moving the content to the right. The meaning of vertical scrolling stays the same: a positive Y value means moving the content down.
+- On MacOS, fix deadlock when calling `set_maximized` from event loop.
 
 # 0.26.1 (2022-01-05)
 

CONTRIBUTING.md

@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ your description of the issue as detailed as possible:
 
 When making a code contribution to winit, before opening your pull request, please make sure that:
 
-- your patch builds with Winit's minimal supported rust version - Rust 1.57.0.
+- your patch builds with Winit's minimal supported rust version - Rust 1.60.
 - you tested your modifications on all the platforms impacted, or if not possible detail which platforms
   were not tested, and what should be tested, so that a maintainer or another contributor can test them
 - you updated any relevant documentation in winit
@@ -44,20 +44,29 @@ Once your PR is deemed ready, the merging maintainer will take care of resolving
 
 ## Maintainers & Testers
 
-The current [list of testers and contributors](https://github.com/rust-windowing/winit/wiki/Testers-and-Contributors)
-can be found on the Wiki.
+The current maintainers are listed in the [CODEOWNERS](.github/CODEOWNERS) file.
 
-If you are interested in contributing or testing on a platform, please add yourself to that table!
+If you are interested in being pinged when testing is needed for a certain platform, please add yourself to the [Testers and Contributors](https://github.com/rust-windowing/winit/wiki/Testers-and-Contributors) table!
 
-## Making a new release
+## Release process
 
-If you believe a new release is warranted, you can make a pull-request with:
-- An updated version number (remember to change the version everywhere it is used).
-- A new section in the changelog (below the `# Unreleased` section).
+Given that winit is a widely used library we should be able to make a patch
+releases at any time we want without blocking the development of new features.
 
-This gives contributors an opportunity to squeeze in an extra PR or two that they feel is valuable
-enough to warrant blocking the release a little.
+To achieve these goals, a new branch is created for every new release. Releases
+and later patch releases are committed and tagged in this branch.
 
-Once the PR is merged, a maintainer will create a new tag matching the version name (e.g. `v0.26.1`),
-and a CI job will automatically release the new version. Remember that the release date in the
-changelog must be kept in check with the actual release date.
+The exact steps for an exemplary `0.2.0` release might look like this:
+  1. Initially the version on the latest master is `0.1.0`
+  2. A new `v0.2.x` branch is created for the release
+  3. In the branch, the version is bumped to `v0.2.0`
+  4. The new commit in the branch is tagged `v0.2.0`
+  5. The version is pushed to crates.io
+  6. A GitHub release is created for the `v0.2.0` tag
+  7. On master, the version is bumped to `0.2.0` and the CHANGELOG is updated
+  
+When doing a patch release the process is similar:
+  1. Initially the version of the latest release is `0.2.0`
+  2. Checkout the `v0.2.x` branch
+  3. Cherry-pick the required non-breaking changes into the `v0.2.x`
+  4. Follow steps 3-7 of the regular release example

Cargo.toml

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 [package]
 name = "winit"
-version = "0.27.1"
+version = "0.28.1"
 authors = ["The winit contributors", "Pierre Krieger <pierre.krieger1708@gmail.com>"]
 description = "Cross-platform window creation library."
 edition = "2021"
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ readme = "README.md"
 repository = "https://github.com/rust-windowing/winit"
 documentation = "https://docs.rs/winit"
 categories = ["gui"]
-rust-version = "1.57.0"
+rust-version = "1.60.0"
 
 [package.metadata.docs.rs]
 features = ["serde"]
@@ -32,47 +32,50 @@ targets = [
     # WebAssembly
     "wasm32-unknown-unknown",
 ]
+rustdoc-args = ["--cfg", "docsrs"]
 
 [features]
 default = ["x11", "wayland", "wayland-dlopen", "wayland-csd-adwaita"]
-x11 = ["x11-dl", "mio", "percent-encoding", "parking_lot"]
-wayland = ["wayland-client", "wayland-protocols", "sctk"]
+x11 = ["x11-dl", "mio", "percent-encoding"]
+wayland = ["wayland-client", "wayland-protocols", "sctk", "wayland-commons"]
 wayland-dlopen = ["sctk/dlopen", "wayland-client/dlopen"]
-wayland-csd-adwaita = ["sctk-adwaita", "sctk-adwaita/title"]
+wayland-csd-adwaita = ["sctk-adwaita", "sctk-adwaita/ab_glyph"]
+wayland-csd-adwaita-crossfont = ["sctk-adwaita", "sctk-adwaita/crossfont"]
 wayland-csd-adwaita-notitle = ["sctk-adwaita"]
+android-native-activity = [ "android-activity/native-activity" ]
+android-game-activity = [ "android-activity/game-activity" ]
+
+[build-dependencies]
+cfg_aliases = "0.1.1"
 
 [dependencies]
-instant = { version = "0.1", features = ["wasm-bindgen"] }
-once_cell = "1.12"
-log = "0.4"
-serde = { version = "1", optional = true, features = ["serde_derive"] }
-raw-window-handle = "0.5.0"
 bitflags = "1"
+instant = { version = "0.1", features = ["wasm-bindgen"] }
+log = "0.4"
 mint = { version = "0.5.6", optional = true }
+once_cell = "1.12"
+raw_window_handle = { package = "raw-window-handle", version = "0.5" }
+serde = { version = "1", optional = true, features = ["serde_derive"] }
 
 [dev-dependencies]
 image = { version = "0.24.0", default-features = false, features = ["png"] }
-simple_logger = "2.1.0"
+simple_logger = { version = "2.1.0", default_features = false }
 
 [target.'cfg(target_os = "android")'.dependencies]
 # Coordinate the next winit release with android-ndk-rs: https://github.com/rust-windowing/winit/issues/1995
+android-activity = "0.4.0"
 ndk = "0.7.0"
-ndk-glue = "0.7.0"
 
 [target.'cfg(any(target_os = "ios", target_os = "macos"))'.dependencies]
-objc = "0.2.7"
+core-foundation = "0.9.3"
+objc2 = "=0.3.0-beta.3"
 
 [target.'cfg(target_os = "macos")'.dependencies]
-cocoa = "0.24"
-core-foundation = "0.9"
-core-graphics = "0.22"
+core-graphics = "0.22.3"
 dispatch = "0.2.0"
 
-[target.'cfg(target_os = "windows")'.dependencies]
-parking_lot = "0.12"
-
 [target.'cfg(target_os = "windows")'.dependencies.windows-sys]
-version = "0.36"
+version = "0.45"
 features = [
     "Win32_Devices_HumanInterfaceDevice",
     "Win32_Foundation",
@@ -100,16 +103,23 @@ features = [
     "Win32_UI_WindowsAndMessaging",
 ]
 
-[target.'cfg(any(target_os = "linux", target_os = "dragonfly", target_os = "freebsd", target_os = "openbsd", target_os = "netbsd"))'.dependencies]
-wayland-client = { version = "0.29.4", default_features = false,  features = ["use_system_lib"], optional = true }
-wayland-protocols = { version = "0.29.4", features = [ "staging_protocols"], optional = true }
-sctk = { package = "smithay-client-toolkit", version = "0.16.0", default_features = false, features = ["calloop"],  optional = true }
-sctk-adwaita = { version = "0.4.1", optional = true }
-mio = { version = "0.8", features = ["os-ext"], optional = true }
-x11-dl = { version = "2.18.5", optional = true }
-percent-encoding = { version = "2.0", optional = true }
-parking_lot = { version = "0.12.0", optional = true }
+[target.'cfg(all(unix, not(any(target_os = "redox", target_arch = "wasm32", target_os = "android", target_os = "ios", target_os = "macos"))))'.dependencies]
 libc = "0.2.64"
+mio = { version = "0.8", features = ["os-ext"], optional = true }
+percent-encoding = { version = "2.0", optional = true }
+sctk = { package = "smithay-client-toolkit", version = "0.16.0", default_features = false, features = ["calloop"],  optional = true }
+sctk-adwaita = { version = "0.5.1", default_features = false, optional = true }
+wayland-client = { version = "0.29.5", default_features = false,  features = ["use_system_lib"], optional = true }
+wayland-protocols = { version = "0.29.5", features = [ "staging_protocols"], optional = true }
+wayland-commons = { version = "0.29.5", optional = true }
+x11-dl = { version = "2.18.5", optional = true }
+
+[target.'cfg(target_os = "redox")'.dependencies]
+orbclient = { version = "0.3.42", default-features = false }
+redox_syscall = "0.3"
+
+[target.'cfg(any(target_os = "linux", target_os = "dragonfly", target_os = "freebsd", target_os = "openbsd", target_os = "netbsd"))'.build-dependencies]
+wayland-scanner = "0.29.5"
 
 [target.'cfg(target_arch = "wasm32")'.dependencies.web_sys]
 package = "web-sys"
@@ -123,6 +133,7 @@ features = [
     'DomRect',
     'Element',
     'Event',
+    "EventListenerOptions",
     'EventTarget',
     'FocusEvent',
     'HtmlCanvasElement',
@@ -142,6 +153,7 @@ version = "0.2.45"
 
 [target.'cfg(target_arch = "wasm32")'.dev-dependencies]
 console_log = "0.2"
+web-sys = { version = "0.3.22", features = ['CanvasRenderingContext2d'] }
 
 [workspace]
 members = [

FEATURES.md

@@ -1,13 +1,14 @@
 # Winit Scope
 
 Winit aims to expose an interface that abstracts over window creation and input handling, and can
-be used to create both games and applications. It supports the main graphical platforms:
+be used to create both games and applications. It supports the following main graphical platforms:
 - Desktop
-  - Windows
-  - macOS
+  - Windows 7+ (10+ is tested regularly)
+  - macOS 10.7+ (10.14+ is tested regularly)
   - Unix
     - via X11
     - via Wayland
+  - Redox OS, via Orbital
 - Mobile
   - iOS
   - Android
@@ -129,6 +130,8 @@ If your PR makes notable changes to Winit's features, please update this section
 * Hidden titlebar
 * Hidden titlebar buttons
 * Full-size content view
+* Accepts first mouse
+* Set a preferred theme and get current theme.
 
 ### Unix
 * Window urgency
@@ -136,6 +139,7 @@ If your PR makes notable changes to Winit's features, please update this section
 * X11 Override Redirect Flag
 * GTK Theme Variant
 * Base window size
+* Setting the X11 parent window
 
 ### iOS
 * `winit` has a minimum OS requirement of iOS 8
@@ -148,7 +152,6 @@ If your PR makes notable changes to Winit's features, please update this section
 * Home indicator visibility
 * Status bar visibility
 * Deferrring system gestures
-* Support for custom `UIView` derived class
 * Getting the device idiom
 * Getting the preferred video mode
 
@@ -169,62 +172,63 @@ Legend:
 - ❓: Unknown status
 
 ### Windowing
-|Feature                          |Windows|MacOS   |Linux x11   |Linux Wayland  |Android|iOS    |WASM      |
-|-------------------------------- | ----- | ----   | -------    | -----------   | ----- | ----- | -------- |
-|Window initialization            |✔️     |✔️     |▢[#5]      |✔️             |▢[#33]|▢[#33] |✔️        |
-|Providing pointer to init OpenGL |✔️     |✔️     |✔️         |✔️             |✔️     |✔️    |**N/A**|
-|Providing pointer to init Vulkan |✔️     |✔️     |✔️         |✔️             |✔️     |❓     |**N/A**|
-|Window decorations               |✔️     |✔️     |✔️         |✔️             |**N/A**|**N/A**|**N/A**|
-|Window decorations toggle        |✔️     |✔️     |✔️         |✔️             |**N/A**|**N/A**|**N/A**|
-|Window resizing                  |✔️     |▢[#219]|✔️         |▢[#306]        |**N/A**|**N/A**|✔️        |
-|Window resize increments         |❌     |❌     |❌         |❌             |❌    |❌     |**N/A**|
-|Window transparency              |✔️     |✔️     |✔️         |✔️             |**N/A**|**N/A**|N/A        |
-|Window maximization              |✔️     |✔️     |✔️         |✔️             |**N/A**|**N/A**|**N/A**|
-|Window maximization toggle       |✔️     |✔️     |✔️         |✔️             |**N/A**|**N/A**|**N/A**|
-|Window minimization              |✔️     |✔️     |✔️         |✔️             |**N/A**|**N/A**|**N/A**|
-|Fullscreen                       |✔️     |✔️     |✔️         |✔️             |**N/A**|✔️     |✔️        |
-|Fullscreen toggle                |✔️     |✔️     |✔️         |✔️             |**N/A**|✔️     |✔️        |
-|Exclusive fullscreen             |✔️     |✔️     |✔️         |**N/A**         |❌    |✔️     |**N/A**|
-|HiDPI support                    |✔️     |✔️     |✔️         |✔️             |▢[#721]|✔️    |✔️    |
-|Popup windows                    |❌     |❌     |❌         |❌             |❌    |❌     |**N/A**|
+|Feature                          |Windows|MacOS   |Linux x11   |Linux Wayland  |Android|iOS    |WASM      |Redox OS|
+|-------------------------------- | ----- | ----   | -------    | -----------   | ----- | ----- | -------- | ------ |
+|Window initialization            |✔️     |✔️     |▢[#5]      |✔️             |▢[#33]|▢[#33] |✔️        |✔️      |
+|Providing pointer to init OpenGL |✔️     |✔️     |✔️         |✔️             |✔️     |✔️    |**N/A**|✔️      |
+|Providing pointer to init Vulkan |✔️     |✔️     |✔️         |✔️             |✔️     |❓     |**N/A**|**N/A** |
+|Window decorations               |✔️     |✔️     |✔️         |✔️             |**N/A**|**N/A**|**N/A**|✔️      |
+|Window decorations toggle        |✔️     |✔️     |✔️         |✔️             |**N/A**|**N/A**|**N/A**|**N/A** |
+|Window resizing                  |✔️     |▢[#219]|✔️         |▢[#306]        |**N/A**|**N/A**|✔️        |✔️      |
+|Window resize increments         |❌     |✔️     |✔️         |❌             |**N/A**|**N/A**|**N/A**|**N/A** |
+|Window transparency              |✔️     |✔️     |✔️         |✔️             |**N/A**|**N/A**|N/A        |✔️      |
+|Window maximization              |✔️     |✔️     |✔️         |✔️             |**N/A**|**N/A**|**N/A**|**N/A** |
+|Window maximization toggle       |✔️     |✔️     |✔️         |✔️             |**N/A**|**N/A**|**N/A**|**N/A** |
+|Window minimization              |✔️     |✔️     |✔️         |✔️             |**N/A**|**N/A**|**N/A**|**N/A** |
+|Fullscreen                       |✔️     |✔️     |✔️         |✔️             |**N/A**|✔️     |✔️        |**N/A** |
+|Fullscreen toggle                |✔️     |✔️     |✔️         |✔️             |**N/A**|✔️     |✔️        |**N/A** |
+|Exclusive fullscreen             |✔️     |✔️     |✔️         |**N/A**         |❌    |✔️     |**N/A**|**N/A** |
+|HiDPI support                    |✔️     |✔️     |✔️         |✔️             |✔️     |✔️    |✔️    |❌      |
+|Popup windows                    |❌     |❌     |❌         |❌             |❌    |❌     |**N/A**|**N/A** |
 
 ### System information
-|Feature          |Windows|MacOS |Linux x11|Linux Wayland|Android|iOS      |WASM      |
-|---------------- | ----- | ---- | ------- | ----------- | ----- | ------- | -------- |
-|Monitor list     |✔️    |✔️    |✔️       |✔️          |**N/A**|✔️       |**N/A**|
-|Video mode query |✔️    |✔️    |✔️       |✔️          |❌     |✔️      |**N/A**|
+|Feature          |Windows|MacOS |Linux x11|Linux Wayland|Android|iOS      |WASM      |Redox OS|
+|---------------- | ----- | ---- | ------- | ----------- | ----- | ------- | -------- | ------ |
+|Monitor list     |✔️    |✔️    |✔️       |✔️          |✔️     |✔️      |**N/A**|❌      |
+|Video mode query |✔️    |✔️    |✔️       |✔️          |✔️     |✔️      |**N/A**|❌      |
 
 ### Input handling
-|Feature                 |Windows   |MacOS   |Linux x11|Linux Wayland|Android|iOS    |WASM      |
-|----------------------- | -----    | ----   | ------- | ----------- | ----- | ----- | -------- |
-|Mouse events            |✔️       |▢[#63]  |✔️       |✔️          |**N/A**|**N/A**|✔️        |
-|Mouse set location      |✔️       |✔️      |✔️       |✔️(when locked)  |**N/A**|**N/A**|**N/A**|
-|Cursor locking          |❌      |✔️      |❌    |✔️         |**N/A**|**N/A**|✔️        |
-|Cursor confining        |✔️       |❌     |✔️     |✔️         |**N/A**|**N/A**|❌       |
-|Cursor icon             |✔️       |✔️      |✔️       |✔️           |**N/A**|**N/A**|✔️        |
-|Cursor hittest          |✔️       |✔️      |❌       |✔️           |**N/A**|**N/A**|❌        |
-|Touch events            |✔️       |❌      |✔️       |✔️          |✔️    |✔️     |❌        |
-|Touch pressure          |✔️       |❌      |❌       |❌          |❌    |✔️     |❌        |
-|Multitouch              |✔️       |❌      |✔️       |✔️          |✔️    |✔️     |❌        |
-|Keyboard events         |✔️       |✔️      |✔️       |✔️          |❓     |❌     |✔️        |
-|Drag & Drop             |▢[#720]  |▢[#720] |▢[#720]  |❌[#306]    |**N/A**|**N/A**|❓        |
-|Raw Device Events       |▢[#750]  |▢[#750] |▢[#750]  |❌          |❌    |❌     |❓        |
-|Gamepad/Joystick events |❌[#804] |❌      |❌       |❌          |❌    |❌     |❓        |
-|Device movement events  |❓        |❓       |❓       |❓           |❌    |❌     |❓        |
-|Drag window with cursor |✔️         |✔️       |✔️        |✔️            |**N/A**|**N/A**|**N/A**   |
+|Feature                 |Windows   |MacOS   |Linux x11|Linux Wayland|Android|iOS    |WASM      |Redox OS|
+|----------------------- | -----    | ----   | ------- | ----------- | ----- | ----- | -------- | ------ |
+|Mouse events            |✔️       |▢[#63]  |✔️       |✔️          |**N/A**|**N/A**|✔️        |✔️      |
+|Mouse set location      |✔️       |✔️      |✔️       |✔️(when locked)  |**N/A**|**N/A**|**N/A**|**N/A** |
+|Cursor locking          |❌       |✔️      |❌       |✔️          |**N/A**|**N/A**|✔️        |❌      |
+|Cursor confining        |✔️       |❌      |✔️       |✔️          |**N/A**|**N/A**|❌       |❌      |
+|Cursor icon             |✔️       |✔️      |✔️       |✔️          |**N/A**|**N/A**|✔️        |**N/A** |
+|Cursor hittest          |✔️       |✔️      |❌       |✔️          |**N/A**|**N/A**|❌        |❌      |
+|Touch events            |✔️       |❌      |✔️       |✔️          |✔️    |✔️     |✔️        |**N/A** |
+|Touch pressure          |✔️       |❌      |❌       |❌          |❌    |✔️     |✔️        |**N/A** |
+|Multitouch              |✔️       |❌      |✔️       |✔️          |✔️    |✔️     |❌        |**N/A** |
+|Keyboard events         |✔️       |✔️      |✔️       |✔️          |✔️    |❌     |✔️        |✔️      |
+|Drag & Drop             |▢[#720]  |▢[#720] |▢[#720]  |❌[#306]    |**N/A**|**N/A**|❓        |**N/A** |
+|Raw Device Events       |▢[#750]  |▢[#750] |▢[#750]  |❌          |❌    |❌     |❓        |**N/A** |
+|Gamepad/Joystick events |❌[#804] |❌      |❌       |❌          |❌    |❌     |❓        |**N/A** |
+|Device movement events  |❓        |❓       |❓       |❓           |❌    |❌     |❓        |**N/A** |
+|Drag window with cursor |✔️       |✔️      |✔️       |✔️          |**N/A**|**N/A**|**N/A**   |**N/A** |
+|Resize with cursor      |❌         |❌       |✔️       |❌       |**N/A**|**N/A**|**N/A**   |**N/A** |
 
 ### Pending API Reworks
 Changes in the API that have been agreed upon but aren't implemented across all platforms.
 
-|Feature                             |Windows|MacOS |Linux x11|Linux Wayland|Android|iOS    |WASM      |
-|------------------------------      | ----- | ---- | ------- | ----------- | ----- | ----- | -------- |
-|New API for HiDPI ([#315] [#319])   |✔️    |✔️    |✔️       |✔️          |▢[#721]|✔️    |❓        |
-|Event Loop 2.0 ([#459])             |✔️    |✔️    |❌       |✔️          |❌     |✔️    |❓        |
-|Keyboard Input ([#812])             |❌    |❌    |❌       |❌          |❌     |❌    |❓        |
+|Feature                             |Windows|MacOS |Linux x11|Linux Wayland|Android|iOS    |WASM      |Redox OS|
+|------------------------------      | ----- | ---- | ------- | ----------- | ----- | ----- | -------- | ------ |
+|New API for HiDPI ([#315] [#319])   |✔️    |✔️    |✔️       |✔️          |✔️     |✔️    |❓        |❓      |
+|Event Loop 2.0 ([#459])             |✔️    |✔️    |❌       |✔️          |✔️     |✔️    |❓        |❓      |
+|Keyboard Input ([#812])             |❌    |❌    |❌       |❌          |❌     |❌    |❓        |❓      |
 
 ### Completed API Reworks
-|Feature                             |Windows|MacOS |Linux x11|Linux Wayland|Android|iOS    |WASM      |
-|------------------------------      | ----- | ---- | ------- | ----------- | ----- | ----- | -------- |
+|Feature                             |Windows|MacOS |Linux x11|Linux Wayland|Android|iOS    |WASM      |Redox OS|
+|------------------------------      | ----- | ---- | ------- | ----------- | ----- | ----- | -------- | ------ |
 
 [#165]: https://github.com/rust-windowing/winit/issues/165
 [#219]: https://github.com/rust-windowing/winit/issues/219

HALL_OF_CHAMPIONS.md

@@ -15,9 +15,12 @@ future endeavors:
   vastly more sustainable era of winit.
 * [@goddessfreya]: For selflessly taking over maintainership of glutin, and her
   stellar dedication to improving both winit and glutin.
+* [@ArturKovacs]: For consistently maintaining the macOS backend, and his
+  immense involvement in designing and implementing the new keyboard API.
 
 [@tomaka]: https://github.com/tomaka
 [@vberger]: https://github.com/vberger
 [@francesca64]: https://github.com/francesca64
 [@Osspial]: https://github.com/Osspial
 [@goddessfreya]: https://github.com/goddessfreya
+[@ArturKovacs]: https://github.com/ArturKovacs

README.md

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 
 ```toml
 [dependencies]
-winit = "0.27.1"
+winit = "0.28.1"
 ```
 
 ## [Documentation](https://docs.rs/winit)
@@ -99,36 +99,95 @@ book].
 
 #### Android
 
-This library makes use of the [ndk-rs](https://github.com/rust-windowing/android-ndk-rs) crates, refer to that repo for more documentation.
+The Android backend builds on (and exposes types from) the [`ndk`](https://docs.rs/ndk/0.7.0/ndk/) crate.
 
-The `ndk-glue` version needs to match the version used by `winit`. Otherwise, the application will not start correctly as `ndk-glue`'s internal `NativeActivity` static is not the same due to version mismatch.
+Native Android applications need some form of "glue" crate that is responsible
+for defining the main entry point for your Rust application as well as tracking
+various life-cycle events and synchronizing with the main JVM thread.
 
-`winit` compatibility table with `ndk-glue`:
+Winit uses the [android-activity](https://github.com/rib/android-activity) as a
+glue crate (prior to `0.28` it used
+[ndk-glue](https://github.com/rust-windowing/android-ndk-rs/tree/master/ndk-glue)).
 
-| winit |       ndk-glue       |
-| :---: | :------------------: |
-| 0.24  | `ndk-glue = "0.2.0"` |
-| 0.25  | `ndk-glue = "0.3.0"` |
-| 0.26  | `ndk-glue = "0.5.0"` |
-| 0.27  | `ndk-glue = "0.7.0"` |
+The version of the glue crate that your application depends on _must_ match the
+version that Winit depends on because the glue crate is responsible for your
+application's main entrypoint. If Cargo resolves multiple versions they will
+clash.
+
+`winit` glue compatibility table:
+
+| winit |       ndk-glue               |
+| :---: | :--------------------------: |
+| 0.28  | `android-activity = "0.4"`   |
+| 0.27  | `ndk-glue = "0.7"`           |
+| 0.26  | `ndk-glue = "0.5"`           |
+| 0.25  | `ndk-glue = "0.3"`           |
+| 0.24  | `ndk-glue = "0.2"`           |
+
+The recommended way to avoid a conflict with the glue version is to avoid explicitly
+depending on the `android-activity` crate, and instead consume the API that
+is re-exported by Winit under `winit::platform::android::activity::*`
 
 Running on an Android device needs a dynamic system library, add this to Cargo.toml:
 
 ```toml
-[[example]]
-name = "request_redraw_threaded"
+[lib]
+name = "main"
 crate-type = ["cdylib"]
 ```
 
-And add this to the example file to add the native activity glue:
+All Android applications are based on an `Activity` subclass and the
+`android-activity` crate is designed to support different choices for this base
+class. Your application _must_ specify the base class it needs via a feature flag:
+
+| Base Class       | Feature Flag      |  Notes  |
+| :--------------: | :---------------: | :-----: |
+| `NativeActivity` | `android-native-activity` | Built-in to Android - it is possible to use without compiling any Java or Kotlin code. Java or Kotlin code may be needed to subclass `NativeActivity` to access some platform features. It does not derive from the [`AndroidAppCompat`] base class.|
+| [`GameActivity`] | `android-game-activity`   | Derives from [`AndroidAppCompat`] which is a defacto standard `Activity` base class that helps support a wider range of Android versions. Requires a build system that can compile Java or Kotlin and fetch Android dependencies from a [Maven repository][agdk_jetpack] (or link with an embedded [release][agdk_releases] of [`GameActivity`]) |
+
+[`GameActivity`]: https://developer.android.com/games/agdk/game-activity
+[`GameTextInput`]: https://developer.android.com/games/agdk/add-support-for-text-input
+[`AndroidAppCompat`]: https://developer.android.com/reference/androidx/appcompat/app/AppCompatActivity
+[agdk_jetpack]: https://developer.android.com/jetpack/androidx/releases/games
+[agdk_releases]: https://developer.android.com/games/agdk/download#agdk-libraries
+[Gradle]: https://developer.android.com/studio/build
+
+For example, add this to Cargo.toml:
+```toml
+winit = { version = "0.28", features = [ "android-native-activity" ] }
+
+[target.'cfg(target_os = "android")'.dependencies]
+android_logger = "0.11.0"
+```
+
+And, for example, define an entry point for your library like this:
 ```rust
-#[cfg_attr(target_os = "android", ndk_glue::main(backtrace = "on"))]
-fn main() {
-    ...
+#[cfg(target_os = "android")]
+use winit::platform::android::activity::AndroidApp;
+
+#[cfg(target_os = "android")]
+#[no_mangle]
+fn android_main(app: AndroidApp) {
+    use winit::platform::android::EventLoopBuilderExtAndroid;
+
+    android_logger::init_once(android_logger::Config::default().with_min_level(log::Level::Trace));
+
+    let event_loop = EventLoopBuilder::with_user_event()
+        .with_android_app(app)
+        .build();
+    _main(event_loop);
 }
 ```
 
-And run the application with `cargo apk run --example request_redraw_threaded`
+For more details, refer to these `android-activity` [example applications](https://github.com/rib/android-activity/tree/main/examples).
+
+##### Converting from `ndk-glue` to `android-activity`
+
+If your application is currently based on `NativeActivity` via the `ndk-glue` crate and building with `cargo apk` then the minimal changes would be:
+1. Remove `ndk-glue` from your `Cargo.toml`
+2. Enable the `"android-native-activity"` feature for Winit: `winit = { version = "0.28", features = [ "android-native-activity" ] }`
+3. Add an `android_main` entrypoint (as above), instead of using the '`[ndk_glue::main]` proc macro from `ndk-macros` (optionally add a dependency on `android_logger` and initialize logging as above).
+4. Pass a clone of the `AndroidApp` that your application receives to Winit when building your event loop (as shown above).
 
 #### MacOS
 
@@ -139,6 +198,19 @@ and so on, see issues [#2238], [#2051] and [#2087].
 If you encounter problems, you should try doing your initialization inside
 `Event::NewEvents(StartCause::Init)`.
 
+#### iOS
+
+Similar to macOS, iOS's main `UIApplicationMain` does some init work that's required
+by all UI related code, see issue [#1705]. You should consider creating your windows
+inside `Event::NewEvents(StartCause::Init)`.
+
+
 [#2238]: https://github.com/rust-windowing/winit/issues/2238
 [#2051]: https://github.com/rust-windowing/winit/issues/2051
 [#2087]: https://github.com/rust-windowing/winit/issues/2087
+[#1705]: https://github.com/rust-windowing/winit/issues/1705
+
+#### Redox OS
+
+Redox OS has some functionality not present yet, that will be implemented when
+its orbital display server provides it.

build.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+use cfg_aliases::cfg_aliases;
+
+#[cfg(all(
+    any(
+        target_os = "linux",
+        target_os = "dragonfly",
+        target_os = "freebsd",
+        target_os = "openbsd",
+        target_os = "netbsd",
+    ),
+    feature = "wayland",
+))]
+mod wayland {
+    use std::env;
+    use std::path::PathBuf;
+    use wayland_scanner::Side;
+
+    pub fn main() {
+        let mut path = PathBuf::from(env::var("OUT_DIR").unwrap());
+        path.push("fractional_scale_v1.rs");
+        wayland_scanner::generate_code(
+            "wayland_protocols/fractional-scale-v1.xml",
+            &path,
+            Side::Client,
+        );
+    }
+}
+
+fn main() {
+    // The script doesn't depend on our code
+    println!("cargo:rerun-if-changed=build.rs");
+    println!("cargo:rerun-if-changed=wayland_protocols");
+
+    // Setup cfg aliases
+    cfg_aliases! {
+        // Systems.
+        android_platform: { target_os = "android" },
+        wasm_platform: { target_arch = "wasm32" },
+        macos_platform: { target_os = "macos" },
+        ios_platform: { target_os = "ios" },
+        windows_platform: { target_os = "windows" },
+        apple: { any(target_os = "ios", target_os = "macos") },
+        free_unix: { all(unix, not(apple), not(android_platform)) },
+        redox: { target_os = "redox" },
+
+        // Native displays.
+        x11_platform: { all(feature = "x11", free_unix, not(wasm), not(redox)) },
+        wayland_platform: { all(feature = "wayland", free_unix, not(wasm), not(redox)) },
+        orbital_platform: { redox },
+    }
+
+    // XXX aliases are not available for the build script itself.
+    #[cfg(all(
+        any(
+            target_os = "linux",
+            target_os = "dragonfly",
+            target_os = "freebsd",
+            target_os = "openbsd",
+            target_os = "netbsd",
+        ),
+        feature = "wayland",
+    ))]
+    wayland::main();
+}

examples/child_window.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+#[cfg(any(x11_platform, macos_platform, windows_platform))]
+fn main() {
+    use std::collections::HashMap;
+
+    use raw_window_handle::HasRawWindowHandle;
+    use winit::{
+        dpi::{LogicalPosition, LogicalSize, Position},
+        event::{ElementState, Event, KeyboardInput, WindowEvent},
+        event_loop::{ControlFlow, EventLoop, EventLoopWindowTarget},
+        window::{Window, WindowBuilder, WindowId},
+    };
+
+    fn spawn_child_window(
+        parent: &Window,
+        event_loop: &EventLoopWindowTarget<()>,
+        windows: &mut HashMap<WindowId, Window>,
+    ) {
+        let parent = parent.raw_window_handle();
+        let mut builder = WindowBuilder::new()
+            .with_title("child window")
+            .with_inner_size(LogicalSize::new(200.0f32, 200.0f32))
+            .with_position(Position::Logical(LogicalPosition::new(0.0, 0.0)))
+            .with_visible(true);
+        // `with_parent_window` is unsafe. Parent window must be a valid window.
+        builder = unsafe { builder.with_parent_window(Some(parent)) };
+        let child_window = builder.build(event_loop).unwrap();
+
+        let id = child_window.id();
+        windows.insert(id, child_window);
+        println!("child window created with id: {id:?}");
+    }
+
+    let mut windows = HashMap::new();
+
+    let event_loop: EventLoop<()> = EventLoop::new();
+    let parent_window = WindowBuilder::new()
+        .with_title("parent window")
+        .with_position(Position::Logical(LogicalPosition::new(0.0, 0.0)))
+        .with_inner_size(LogicalSize::new(640.0f32, 480.0f32))
+        .build(&event_loop)
+        .unwrap();
+
+    println!("parent window: {parent_window:?})");
+
+    event_loop.run(move |event: Event<'_, ()>, event_loop, control_flow| {
+        *control_flow = ControlFlow::Wait;
+
+        if let Event::WindowEvent { event, window_id } = event {
+            match event {
+                WindowEvent::CloseRequested => {
+                    windows.clear();
+                    *control_flow = ControlFlow::Exit;
+                }
+                WindowEvent::CursorEntered { device_id: _ } => {
+                    // On x11, println when the cursor entered in a window even if the child window is created
+                    // by some key inputs.
+                    // the child windows are always placed at (0, 0) with size (200, 200) in the parent window,
+                    // so we also can see this log when we move the cursor arround (200, 200) in parent window.
+                    println!("cursor entered in the window {window_id:?}");
+                }
+                WindowEvent::KeyboardInput {
+                    input:
+                        KeyboardInput {
+                            state: ElementState::Pressed,
+                            ..
+                        },
+                    ..
+                } => {
+                    spawn_child_window(&parent_window, event_loop, &mut windows);
+                }
+                _ => (),
+            }
+        }
+    })
+}
+
+#[cfg(not(any(x11_platform, macos_platform, windows_platform)))]
+fn main() {
+    panic!("This example is supported only on x11, macOS, and Windows.");
+}

examples/control_flow.rs

@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ fn main() {
 
     event_loop.run(move |event, _, control_flow| {
         use winit::event::{ElementState, StartCause, VirtualKeyCode};
-        println!("{:?}", event);
+        println!("{event:?}");
         match event {
             Event::NewEvents(start_cause) => {
                 wait_cancelled = match start_cause {
@@ -64,19 +64,19 @@ fn main() {
                 } => match virtual_code {
                     VirtualKeyCode::Key1 => {
                         mode = Mode::Wait;
-                        println!("\nmode: {:?}\n", mode);
+                        println!("\nmode: {mode:?}\n");
                     }
                     VirtualKeyCode::Key2 => {
                         mode = Mode::WaitUntil;
-                        println!("\nmode: {:?}\n", mode);
+                        println!("\nmode: {mode:?}\n");
                     }
                     VirtualKeyCode::Key3 => {
                         mode = Mode::Poll;
-                        println!("\nmode: {:?}\n", mode);
+                        println!("\nmode: {mode:?}\n");
                     }
                     VirtualKeyCode::R => {
                         request_redraw = !request_redraw;
-                        println!("\nrequest_redraw: {}\n", request_redraw);
+                        println!("\nrequest_redraw: {request_redraw}\n");
                     }
                     VirtualKeyCode::Escape => {
                         close_requested = true;

examples/cursor_grab.rs

@@ -50,17 +50,17 @@ fn main() {
                     };
 
                     if let Err(err) = result {
-                        println!("error: {}", err);
+                        println!("error: {err}");
                     }
                 }
                 WindowEvent::ModifiersChanged(m) => modifiers = m,
                 _ => (),
             },
             Event::DeviceEvent { event, .. } => match event {
-                DeviceEvent::MouseMotion { delta } => println!("mouse moved: {:?}", delta),
+                DeviceEvent::MouseMotion { delta } => println!("mouse moved: {delta:?}"),
                 DeviceEvent::Button { button, state } => match state {
-                    ElementState::Pressed => println!("mouse button {} pressed", button),
-                    ElementState::Released => println!("mouse button {} released", button),
+                    ElementState::Pressed => println!("mouse button {button} pressed"),
+                    ElementState::Released => println!("mouse button {button} released"),
                 },
                 _ => (),
             },

examples/custom_events.rs

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 #![allow(clippy::single_match)]
 
-#[cfg(not(target_arch = "wasm32"))]
+#[cfg(not(wasm_platform))]
 fn main() {
     use simple_logger::SimpleLogger;
     use winit::{
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ fn main() {
         control_flow.set_wait();
 
         match event {
-            Event::UserEvent(event) => println!("user event: {:?}", event),
+            Event::UserEvent(event) => println!("user event: {event:?}"),
             Event::WindowEvent {
                 event: WindowEvent::CloseRequested,
                 ..
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ fn main() {
     });
 }
 
-#[cfg(target_arch = "wasm32")]
+#[cfg(wasm_platform)]
 fn main() {
     panic!("This example is not supported on web.");
 }

examples/fullscreen.rs

@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ fn main() {
 
     let mut mode_index = 0;
     let mut mode = monitor.video_modes().next().expect("no mode found");
-    println!("Mode: {}", mode);
+    println!("Mode: {mode}");
 
     println!("Keys:");
     println!("- Esc\tExit");
@@ -59,12 +59,12 @@ fn main() {
                     }
                     VirtualKeyCode::F => {
                         let fullscreen = Some(Fullscreen::Exclusive(mode.clone()));
-                        println!("Setting mode: {:?}", fullscreen);
+                        println!("Setting mode: {fullscreen:?}");
                         window.set_fullscreen(fullscreen);
                     }
                     VirtualKeyCode::B => {
                         let fullscreen = Some(Fullscreen::Borderless(Some(monitor.clone())));
-                        println!("Setting mode: {:?}", fullscreen);
+                        println!("Setting mode: {fullscreen:?}");
                         window.set_fullscreen(fullscreen);
                     }
                     VirtualKeyCode::S => {
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ fn main() {
 
                         mode_index = 0;
                         mode = monitor.video_modes().next().expect("no mode found");
-                        println!("Mode: {}", mode);
+                        println!("Mode: {mode}");
                     }
                     VirtualKeyCode::M => {
                         mode_index += 1;
@@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ fn main() {
                             mode_index = 0;
                             mode = monitor.video_modes().next().expect("no mode found");
                         }
-                        println!("Mode: {}", mode);
+                        println!("Mode: {mode}");
                     }
                     VirtualKeyCode::D => {
                         decorations = !decorations;

examples/ime.rs

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ use winit::{
     dpi::PhysicalPosition,
     event::{ElementState, Event, Ime, VirtualKeyCode, WindowEvent},
     event_loop::{ControlFlow, EventLoop},
-    window::WindowBuilder,
+    window::{ImePurpose, WindowBuilder},
 };
 
 fn main() {
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ fn main() {
     println!("IME position will system default");
     println!("Click to set IME position to cursor's");
     println!("Press F2 to toggle IME. See the documentation of `set_ime_allowed` for more info");
+    println!("Press F3 to cycle through IME purposes.");
 
     let event_loop = EventLoop::new();
 
@@ -26,6 +27,7 @@ fn main() {
         .build(&event_loop)
         .unwrap();
 
+    let mut ime_purpose = ImePurpose::Normal;
     let mut ime_allowed = true;
     window.set_ime_allowed(ime_allowed);
 
@@ -67,7 +69,7 @@ fn main() {
                 event: WindowEvent::Ime(event),
                 ..
             } => {
-                println!("{:?}", event);
+                println!("{event:?}");
                 may_show_ime = event != Ime::Disabled;
                 if may_show_ime {
                     window.set_ime_position(ime_pos);
@@ -77,20 +79,31 @@ fn main() {
                 event: WindowEvent::ReceivedCharacter(ch),
                 ..
             } => {
-                println!("ch: {:?}", ch);
+                println!("ch: {ch:?}");
             }
             Event::WindowEvent {
                 event: WindowEvent::KeyboardInput { input, .. },
                 ..
             } => {
-                println!("key: {:?}", input);
+                println!("key: {input:?}");
 
                 if input.state == ElementState::Pressed
                     && input.virtual_keycode == Some(VirtualKeyCode::F2)
                 {
                     ime_allowed = !ime_allowed;
                     window.set_ime_allowed(ime_allowed);
-                    println!("\nIME: {}\n", ime_allowed);
+                    println!("\nIME allowed: {ime_allowed}\n");
+                }
+                if input.state == ElementState::Pressed
+                    && input.virtual_keycode == Some(VirtualKeyCode::F3)
+                {
+                    ime_purpose = match ime_purpose {
+                        ImePurpose::Normal => ImePurpose::Password,
+                        ImePurpose::Password => ImePurpose::Terminal,
+                        _ => ImePurpose::Normal,
+                    };
+                    window.set_ime_purpose(ime_purpose);
+                    println!("\nIME purpose: {ime_purpose:?}\n");
                 }
             }
             _ => (),

examples/monitor_list.rs

@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 #![allow(clippy::single_match)]
 
 use simple_logger::SimpleLogger;
+use winit::dpi::{PhysicalPosition, PhysicalSize};
+use winit::monitor::MonitorHandle;
 use winit::{event_loop::EventLoop, window::WindowBuilder};
 
 fn main() {
@@ -8,6 +10,49 @@ fn main() {
     let event_loop = EventLoop::new();
     let window = WindowBuilder::new().build(&event_loop).unwrap();
 
-    dbg!(window.available_monitors().collect::<Vec<_>>());
-    dbg!(window.primary_monitor());
+    if let Some(mon) = window.primary_monitor() {
+        print_info("Primary output", mon);
+    }
+
+    for mon in window.available_monitors() {
+        if Some(&mon) == window.primary_monitor().as_ref() {
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        println!();
+        print_info("Output", mon);
+    }
+}
+
+fn print_info(intro: &str, monitor: MonitorHandle) {
+    if let Some(name) = monitor.name() {
+        println!("{intro}: {name}");
+    } else {
+        println!("{intro}: [no name]");
+    }
+
+    let PhysicalSize { width, height } = monitor.size();
+    print!("  Current mode: {width}x{height}");
+    if let Some(m_hz) = monitor.refresh_rate_millihertz() {
+        println!(" @ {}.{} Hz", m_hz / 1000, m_hz % 1000);
+    } else {
+        println!();
+    }
+
+    let PhysicalPosition { x, y } = monitor.position();
+    println!("  Position: {x},{y}");
+
+    println!("  Scale factor: {}", monitor.scale_factor());
+
+    println!("  Available modes (width x height x bit-depth):");
+    for mode in monitor.video_modes() {
+        let PhysicalSize { width, height } = mode.size();
+        let bits = mode.bit_depth();
+        let m_hz = mode.refresh_rate_millihertz();
+        println!(
+            "    {width}x{height}x{bits} @ {}.{} Hz",
+            m_hz / 1000,
+            m_hz % 1000
+        );
+    }
 }

examples/mouse_wheel.rs

@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ In other words, the deltas indicate the direction in which to move the content (
                 WindowEvent::CloseRequested => control_flow.set_exit(),
                 WindowEvent::MouseWheel { delta, .. } => match delta {
                     winit::event::MouseScrollDelta::LineDelta(x, y) => {
-                        println!("mouse wheel Line Delta: ({},{})", x, y);
+                        println!("mouse wheel Line Delta: ({x},{y})");
                         let pixels_per_line = 120.0;
                         let mut pos = window.outer_position().unwrap();
                         pos.x += (x * pixels_per_line) as i32;

examples/multithreaded.rs

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 #![allow(clippy::single_match)]
 
-#[cfg(not(target_arch = "wasm32"))]
+#[cfg(not(wasm_platform))]
 fn main() {
     use std::{collections::HashMap, sync::mpsc, thread, time::Duration};
 
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ fn main() {
         dpi::{PhysicalPosition, PhysicalSize, Position, Size},
         event::{ElementState, Event, KeyboardInput, VirtualKeyCode, WindowEvent},
         event_loop::EventLoop,
-        window::{CursorGrabMode, CursorIcon, Fullscreen, WindowBuilder},
+        window::{CursorGrabMode, CursorIcon, Fullscreen, WindowBuilder, WindowLevel},
     };
 
     const WINDOW_COUNT: usize = 3;
@@ -62,11 +62,13 @@ fn main() {
                             },
                         ..
                     } => {
-                        window.set_title(&format!("{:?}", key));
+                        window.set_title(&format!("{key:?}"));
                         let state = !modifiers.shift();
                         use VirtualKeyCode::*;
                         match key {
-                            A => window.set_always_on_top(state),
+                            Key1 => window.set_window_level(WindowLevel::AlwaysOnTop),
+                            Key2 => window.set_window_level(WindowLevel::AlwaysOnBottom),
+                            Key3 => window.set_window_level(WindowLevel::Normal),
                             C => window.set_cursor_icon(match state {
                                 true => CursorIcon::Progress,
                                 false => CursorIcon::Default,
@@ -90,17 +92,17 @@ fn main() {
                             }),
                             L if state => {
                                 if let Err(err) = window.set_cursor_grab(CursorGrabMode::Locked) {
-                                    println!("error: {}", err);
+                                    println!("error: {err}");
                                 }
                             }
                             G if state => {
                                 if let Err(err) = window.set_cursor_grab(CursorGrabMode::Confined) {
-                                    println!("error: {}", err);
+                                    println!("error: {err}");
                                 }
                             }
                             G | L if !state => {
                                 if let Err(err) = window.set_cursor_grab(CursorGrabMode::None) {
-                                    println!("error: {}", err);
+                                    println!("error: {err}");
                                 }
                             }
                             H => window.set_cursor_visible(!state),
@@ -191,7 +193,7 @@ fn main() {
     })
 }
 
-#[cfg(target_arch = "wasm32")]
+#[cfg(wasm_platform)]
 fn main() {
     panic!("Example not supported on Wasm");
 }

examples/multiwindow.rs

@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ fn main() {
             Event::WindowEvent { event, window_id } => {
                 match event {
                     WindowEvent::CloseRequested => {
-                        println!("Window {:?} has received the signal to close", window_id);
+                        println!("Window {window_id:?} has received the signal to close");
 
                         // This drops the window, causing it to close.
                         windows.remove(&window_id);

examples/request_redraw.rs

@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ fn main() {
         .unwrap();
 
     event_loop.run(move |event, _, control_flow| {
-        println!("{:?}", event);
+        println!("{event:?}");
 
         control_flow.set_wait();
 

examples/request_redraw_threaded.rs

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 #![allow(clippy::single_match)]
 
-#[cfg(not(target_arch = "wasm32"))]
+#[cfg(not(wasm_platform))]
 fn main() {
     use std::{thread, time};
 
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ fn main() {
     });
 
     event_loop.run(move |event, _, control_flow| {
-        println!("{:?}", event);
+        println!("{event:?}");
 
         control_flow.set_wait();
 
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ fn main() {
     });
 }
 
-#[cfg(target_arch = "wasm32")]
+#[cfg(wasm_platform)]
 fn main() {
     unimplemented!() // `Window` can't be sent between threads
 }

examples/resizable.rs

@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ fn main() {
                     ..
                 } => {
                     resizable = !resizable;
-                    println!("Resizable: {}", resizable);
+                    println!("Resizable: {resizable}");
                     window.set_resizable(resizable);
                 }
                 _ => (),

examples/theme.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+#![allow(clippy::single_match)]
+
+use simple_logger::SimpleLogger;
+use winit::{
+    event::{ElementState, Event, KeyboardInput, VirtualKeyCode, WindowEvent},
+    event_loop::{ControlFlow, EventLoop},
+    window::{Theme, WindowBuilder},
+};
+
+fn main() {
+    SimpleLogger::new().init().unwrap();
+    let event_loop = EventLoop::new();
+
+    let window = WindowBuilder::new()
+        .with_title("A fantastic window!")
+        .with_theme(Some(Theme::Dark))
+        .build(&event_loop)
+        .unwrap();
+
+    println!("Initial theme: {:?}", window.theme());
+    println!("debugging keys:");
+    println!("  (A) Automatic theme");
+    println!("  (L) Light theme");
+    println!("  (D) Dark theme");
+
+    event_loop.run(move |event, _, control_flow| {
+        *control_flow = ControlFlow::Wait;
+
+        match event {
+            Event::WindowEvent {
+                event: WindowEvent::CloseRequested,
+                ..
+            } => *control_flow = ControlFlow::Exit,
+            Event::WindowEvent {
+                event: WindowEvent::ThemeChanged(theme),
+                window_id,
+                ..
+            } if window_id == window.id() => {
+                println!("Theme is changed: {theme:?}")
+            }
+            Event::WindowEvent {
+                event:
+                    WindowEvent::KeyboardInput {
+                        input:
+                            KeyboardInput {
+                                virtual_keycode: Some(key),
+                                state: ElementState::Pressed,
+                                ..
+                            },
+                        ..
+                    },
+                ..
+            } => match key {
+                VirtualKeyCode::A => {
+                    println!("Theme was: {:?}", window.theme());
+                    window.set_theme(None);
+                }
+                VirtualKeyCode::L => {
+                    println!("Theme was: {:?}", window.theme());
+                    window.set_theme(Some(Theme::Light));
+                }
+                VirtualKeyCode::D => {
+                    println!("Theme was: {:?}", window.theme());
+                    window.set_theme(Some(Theme::Dark));
+                }
+                _ => (),
+            },
+            _ => (),
+        }
+    });
+}

examples/timer.rs

@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ fn main() {
     let timer_length = Duration::new(1, 0);
 
     event_loop.run(move |event, _, control_flow| {
-        println!("{:?}", event);
+        println!("{event:?}");
 
         match event {
             Event::NewEvents(StartCause::Init) => {

examples/touchpad_gestures.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+use simple_logger::SimpleLogger;
+use winit::{
+    event::{Event, WindowEvent},
+    event_loop::{ControlFlow, EventLoop},
+    window::WindowBuilder,
+};
+
+fn main() {
+    SimpleLogger::new().init().unwrap();
+    let event_loop = EventLoop::new();
+
+    let _window = WindowBuilder::new()
+        .with_title("Touchpad gestures")
+        .build(&event_loop)
+        .unwrap();
+
+    println!("Only supported on macOS at the moment.");
+
+    event_loop.run(move |event, _, control_flow| {
+        *control_flow = ControlFlow::Wait;
+
+        if let Event::WindowEvent { event, .. } = event {
+            match event {
+                WindowEvent::CloseRequested => *control_flow = ControlFlow::Exit,
+                WindowEvent::TouchpadMagnify { delta, .. } => {
+                    if delta > 0.0 {
+                        println!("Zoomed in {delta}");
+                    } else {
+                        println!("Zoomed out {delta}");
+                    }
+                }
+                WindowEvent::SmartMagnify { .. } => {
+                    println!("Smart zoom");
+                }
+                WindowEvent::TouchpadRotate { delta, .. } => {
+                    if delta > 0.0 {
+                        println!("Rotated counterclockwise {delta}");
+                    } else {
+                        println!("Rotated clockwise {delta}");
+                    }
+                }
+                _ => (),
+            }
+        }
+    });
+}

examples/transparent.rs

@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ fn main() {
 
     event_loop.run(move |event, _, control_flow| {
         control_flow.set_wait();
-        println!("{:?}", event);
+        println!("{event:?}");
 
         match event {
             Event::WindowEvent {

examples/video_modes.rs

@@ -17,6 +17,6 @@ fn main() {
     println!("Listing available video modes:");
 
     for mode in monitor.video_modes() {
-        println!("{}", mode);
+        println!("{mode}");
     }
 }

examples/web.rs

@@ -14,13 +14,13 @@ pub fn main() {
         .build(&event_loop)
         .unwrap();
 
-    #[cfg(target_arch = "wasm32")]
-    let log_list = wasm::create_log_list(&window);
+    #[cfg(wasm_platform)]
+    let log_list = wasm::insert_canvas_and_create_log_list(&window);
 
     event_loop.run(move |event, _, control_flow| {
         control_flow.set_wait();
 
-        #[cfg(target_arch = "wasm32")]
+        #[cfg(wasm_platform)]
         wasm::log_event(&log_list, &event);
 
         match event {
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ pub fn main() {
     });
 }
 
-#[cfg(target_arch = "wasm32")]
+#[cfg(wasm_platform)]
 mod wasm {
     use wasm_bindgen::prelude::*;
     use winit::{event::Event, window::Window};
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ mod wasm {
         super::main();
     }
 
-    pub fn create_log_list(window: &Window) -> web_sys::Element {
+    pub fn insert_canvas_and_create_log_list(window: &Window) -> web_sys::Element {
         use winit::platform::web::WindowExtWebSys;
 
         let canvas = window.canvas();
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ mod wasm {
         let document = window.document().unwrap();
         let body = document.body().unwrap();
 
-        // Set a background color for the canvas to make it easier to tell the where the canvas is for debugging purposes.
+        // Set a background color for the canvas to make it easier to tell where the canvas is for debugging purposes.
         canvas.style().set_css_text("background-color: crimson;");
         body.append_child(&canvas).unwrap();
 
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ mod wasm {
             let window = web_sys::window().unwrap();
             let document = window.document().unwrap();
             let log = document.create_element("li").unwrap();
-            log.set_text_content(Some(&format!("{:?}", event)));
+            log.set_text_content(Some(&format!("{event:?}")));
             log_list
                 .insert_before(&log, log_list.first_child().as_ref())
                 .unwrap();

examples/web_aspect_ratio.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,103 @@
+pub fn main() {
+    println!("This example must be run with cargo run-wasm --example web_aspect_ratio")
+}
+
+#[cfg(wasm_platform)]
+mod wasm {
+    use wasm_bindgen::prelude::*;
+    use wasm_bindgen::JsCast;
+    use web_sys::HtmlCanvasElement;
+    use winit::{
+        dpi::PhysicalSize,
+        event::{Event, WindowEvent},
+        event_loop::{ControlFlow, EventLoop},
+        window::{Window, WindowBuilder},
+    };
+
+    const EXPLANATION: &str = "
+This example draws a circle in the middle of a 4/1 aspect ratio canvas which acts as a useful demonstration of winit's resize handling on web.
+Even when the browser window is resized or aspect-ratio of the canvas changed the circle should always:
+* Fill the entire width or height of the canvas (whichever is smaller) without exceeding it.
+* Be perfectly round
+* Not be blurry or pixelated (there is no antialiasing so you may still see jagged edges depending on the DPI of your monitor)
+
+Currently winit does not handle resizes on web so the circle is rendered incorrectly.
+This example demonstrates the desired future functionality which will possibly be provided by https://github.com/rust-windowing/winit/pull/2074
+";
+
+    #[wasm_bindgen(start)]
+    pub fn run() {
+        console_log::init_with_level(log::Level::Debug).expect("error initializing logger");
+        let event_loop = EventLoop::new();
+
+        let window = WindowBuilder::new()
+            .with_title("A fantastic window!")
+            // When running in a non-wasm environment this would set the window size to 100x100.
+            // However in this example it just sets a default initial size of 100x100 that is immediately overwritten due to the layout + styling of the page.
+            .with_inner_size(PhysicalSize::new(100, 100))
+            .build(&event_loop)
+            .unwrap();
+
+        let canvas = create_canvas(&window);
+
+        // Render once with the size info we currently have
+        render_circle(&canvas, window.inner_size());
+
+        event_loop.run(move |event, _, control_flow| {
+            *control_flow = ControlFlow::Wait;
+
+            match event {
+                Event::WindowEvent {
+                    event: WindowEvent::Resized(resize),
+                    window_id,
+                } if window_id == window.id() => {
+                    render_circle(&canvas, resize);
+                }
+                _ => (),
+            }
+        });
+    }
+
+    pub fn create_canvas(window: &Window) -> HtmlCanvasElement {
+        use winit::platform::web::WindowExtWebSys;
+
+        let web_window = web_sys::window().unwrap();
+        let document = web_window.document().unwrap();
+        let body = document.body().unwrap();
+
+        // Set a background color for the canvas to make it easier to tell the where the canvas is for debugging purposes.
+        let canvas = window.canvas();
+        canvas
+            .style()
+            .set_css_text("display: block; background-color: crimson; margin: auto; width: 50%; aspect-ratio: 4 / 1;");
+        body.append_child(&canvas).unwrap();
+
+        let explanation = document.create_element("pre").unwrap();
+        explanation.set_text_content(Some(EXPLANATION));
+        body.append_child(&explanation).unwrap();
+
+        canvas
+    }
+
+    pub fn render_circle(canvas: &HtmlCanvasElement, size: PhysicalSize<u32>) {
+        log::info!("rendering circle with canvas size: {:?}", size);
+        let context = canvas
+            .get_context("2d")
+            .unwrap()
+            .unwrap()
+            .dyn_into::<web_sys::CanvasRenderingContext2d>()
+            .unwrap();
+
+        context.begin_path();
+        context
+            .arc(
+                size.width as f64 / 2.0,
+                size.height as f64 / 2.0,
+                size.width.min(size.height) as f64 / 2.0,
+                0.0,
+                std::f64::consts::PI * 2.0,
+            )
+            .unwrap();
+        context.fill();
+    }
+}

examples/window.rs

@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ fn main() {
 
     event_loop.run(move |event, _, control_flow| {
         control_flow.set_wait();
-        println!("{:?}", event);
+        println!("{event:?}");
 
         match event {
             Event::WindowEvent {

examples/window_buttons.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+#![allow(clippy::single_match)]
+
+// This example is used by developers to test various window functions.
+
+use simple_logger::SimpleLogger;
+use winit::{
+    dpi::LogicalSize,
+    event::{ElementState, Event, KeyboardInput, VirtualKeyCode, WindowEvent},
+    event_loop::{DeviceEventFilter, EventLoop},
+    window::{WindowBuilder, WindowButtons},
+};
+
+fn main() {
+    SimpleLogger::new().init().unwrap();
+    let event_loop = EventLoop::new();
+
+    let window = WindowBuilder::new()
+        .with_title("A fantastic window!")
+        .with_inner_size(LogicalSize::new(300.0, 300.0))
+        .build(&event_loop)
+        .unwrap();
+
+    eprintln!("Window Button keys:");
+    eprintln!("  (F) Toggle close button");
+    eprintln!("  (G) Toggle maximize button");
+    eprintln!("  (H) Toggle minimize button");
+
+    event_loop.set_device_event_filter(DeviceEventFilter::Never);
+
+    event_loop.run(move |event, _, control_flow| {
+        control_flow.set_wait();
+
+        match event {
+            Event::WindowEvent {
+                event:
+                    WindowEvent::KeyboardInput {
+                        input:
+                            KeyboardInput {
+                                virtual_keycode: Some(key),
+                                state: ElementState::Pressed,
+                                ..
+                            },
+                        ..
+                    },
+                ..
+            } => match key {
+                VirtualKeyCode::F => {
+                    let buttons = window.enabled_buttons();
+                    window.set_enabled_buttons(buttons ^ WindowButtons::CLOSE);
+                }
+                VirtualKeyCode::G => {
+                    let buttons = window.enabled_buttons();
+                    window.set_enabled_buttons(buttons ^ WindowButtons::MAXIMIZE);
+                }
+                VirtualKeyCode::H => {
+                    let buttons = window.enabled_buttons();
+                    window.set_enabled_buttons(buttons ^ WindowButtons::MINIMIZE);
+                }
+                _ => (),
+            },
+            Event::WindowEvent {
+                event: WindowEvent::CloseRequested,
+                window_id,
+            } if window_id == window.id() => control_flow.set_exit(),
+            _ => (),
+        }
+    });
+}

examples/window_debug.rs

@@ -51,6 +51,7 @@ fn main() {
                     if minimized {
                         minimized = !minimized;
                         window.set_minimized(minimized);
+                        window.focus_window();
                     }
                 }
                 VirtualKeyCode::V => {

examples/window_drag_resize.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,141 @@
+//! Demonstrates capability to create in-app draggable regions for client-side decoration support.
+
+use simple_logger::SimpleLogger;
+use winit::{
+    event::{
+        ElementState, Event, KeyboardInput, MouseButton, StartCause, VirtualKeyCode, WindowEvent,
+    },
+    event_loop::{ControlFlow, EventLoop},
+    window::{CursorIcon, ResizeDirection, WindowBuilder},
+};
+
+const BORDER: f64 = 8.0;
+
+fn main() {
+    SimpleLogger::new().init().unwrap();
+    let event_loop = EventLoop::new();
+
+    let window = WindowBuilder::new()
+        .with_inner_size(winit::dpi::LogicalSize::new(600.0, 400.0))
+        .with_min_inner_size(winit::dpi::LogicalSize::new(400.0, 200.0))
+        .with_decorations(false)
+        .build(&event_loop)
+        .unwrap();
+
+    let mut border = false;
+    let mut cursor_location = None;
+
+    event_loop.run(move |event, _, control_flow| match event {
+        Event::NewEvents(StartCause::Init) => {
+            eprintln!("Press 'B' to toggle borderless")
+        }
+        Event::WindowEvent { event, .. } => match event {
+            WindowEvent::CloseRequested => *control_flow = ControlFlow::Exit,
+            WindowEvent::CursorMoved { position, .. } => {
+                if !window.is_decorated() {
+                    let new_location =
+                        cursor_resize_direction(window.inner_size(), position, BORDER);
+
+                    if new_location != cursor_location {
+                        cursor_location = new_location;
+                        window.set_cursor_icon(cursor_direction_icon(cursor_location))
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            WindowEvent::MouseInput {
+                state: ElementState::Pressed,
+                button: MouseButton::Left,
+                ..
+            } => {
+                if let Some(dir) = cursor_location {
+                    let _res = window.drag_resize_window(dir);
+                }
+            }
+            WindowEvent::KeyboardInput {
+                input:
+                    KeyboardInput {
+                        state: ElementState::Released,
+                        virtual_keycode: Some(VirtualKeyCode::B),
+                        ..
+                    },
+                ..
+            } => {
+                border = !border;
+                window.set_decorations(border);
+            }
+            _ => (),
+        },
+        _ => (),
+    });
+}
+
+fn cursor_direction_icon(resize_direction: Option<ResizeDirection>) -> CursorIcon {
+    match resize_direction {
+        Some(resize_direction) => match resize_direction {
+            ResizeDirection::East => CursorIcon::EResize,
+            ResizeDirection::North => CursorIcon::NResize,
+            ResizeDirection::NorthEast => CursorIcon::NeResize,
+            ResizeDirection::NorthWest => CursorIcon::NwResize,
+            ResizeDirection::South => CursorIcon::SResize,
+            ResizeDirection::SouthEast => CursorIcon::SeResize,
+            ResizeDirection::SouthWest => CursorIcon::SwResize,
+            ResizeDirection::West => CursorIcon::WResize,
+        },
+        None => CursorIcon::Default,
+    }
+}
+
+fn cursor_resize_direction(
+    win_size: winit::dpi::PhysicalSize<u32>,
+    position: winit::dpi::PhysicalPosition<f64>,
+    border_size: f64,
+) -> Option<ResizeDirection> {
+    enum XDirection {
+        West,
+        East,
+        Default,
+    }
+
+    enum YDirection {
+        North,
+        South,
+        Default,
+    }
+
+    let xdir = if position.x < border_size {
+        XDirection::West
+    } else if position.x > (win_size.width as f64 - border_size) {
+        XDirection::East
+    } else {
+        XDirection::Default
+    };
+
+    let ydir = if position.y < border_size {
+        YDirection::North
+    } else if position.y > (win_size.height as f64 - border_size) {
+        YDirection::South
+    } else {
+        YDirection::Default
+    };
+
+    Some(match xdir {
+        XDirection::West => match ydir {
+            YDirection::North => ResizeDirection::NorthWest,
+            YDirection::South => ResizeDirection::SouthWest,
+            YDirection::Default => ResizeDirection::West,
+        },
+
+        XDirection::East => match ydir {
+            YDirection::North => ResizeDirection::NorthEast,
+            YDirection::South => ResizeDirection::SouthEast,
+            YDirection::Default => ResizeDirection::East,
+        },
+
+        XDirection::Default => match ydir {
+            YDirection::North => ResizeDirection::North,
+            YDirection::South => ResizeDirection::South,
+            YDirection::Default => return None,
+        },
+    })
+}

examples/window_option_as_alt.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+#![allow(clippy::single_match)]
+
+#[cfg(target_os = "macos")]
+use winit::platform::macos::{OptionAsAlt, WindowExtMacOS};
+
+#[cfg(target_os = "macos")]
+use winit::{
+    event::ElementState,
+    event::{Event, MouseButton, WindowEvent},
+    event_loop::EventLoop,
+    window::WindowBuilder,
+};
+
+/// Prints the keyboard events characters received when option_is_alt is true versus false.
+/// A left mouse click will toggle option_is_alt.
+#[cfg(target_os = "macos")]
+fn main() {
+    let event_loop = EventLoop::new();
+
+    let window = WindowBuilder::new()
+        .with_title("A fantastic window!")
+        .with_inner_size(winit::dpi::LogicalSize::new(128.0, 128.0))
+        .build(&event_loop)
+        .unwrap();
+
+    let mut option_as_alt = window.option_as_alt();
+
+    event_loop.run(move |event, _, control_flow| {
+        control_flow.set_wait();
+
+        match event {
+            Event::WindowEvent {
+                event: WindowEvent::CloseRequested,
+                window_id,
+            } if window_id == window.id() => control_flow.set_exit(),
+            Event::WindowEvent { event, .. } => match event {
+                WindowEvent::MouseInput {
+                    state: ElementState::Pressed,
+                    button: MouseButton::Left,
+                    ..
+                } => {
+                    option_as_alt = match option_as_alt {
+                        OptionAsAlt::None => OptionAsAlt::OnlyLeft,
+                        OptionAsAlt::OnlyLeft => OptionAsAlt::OnlyRight,
+                        OptionAsAlt::OnlyRight => OptionAsAlt::Both,
+                        OptionAsAlt::Both => OptionAsAlt::None,
+                    };
+
+                    println!("Received Mouse click, toggling option_as_alt to: {option_as_alt:?}");
+                    window.set_option_as_alt(option_as_alt);
+                }
+                WindowEvent::ReceivedCharacter(c) => println!("ReceivedCharacter: {c:?}"),
+                WindowEvent::KeyboardInput { .. } => println!("KeyboardInput: {event:?}"),
+                _ => (),
+            },
+            Event::MainEventsCleared => {
+                window.request_redraw();
+            }
+            _ => (),
+        }
+    });
+}
+
+#[cfg(not(target_os = "macos"))]
+fn main() {
+    println!("This example is only supported on MacOS");
+}

examples/window_resize_increments.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+use log::debug;
+use simple_logger::SimpleLogger;
+use winit::{
+    dpi::LogicalSize,
+    event::{ElementState, Event, KeyboardInput, VirtualKeyCode, WindowEvent},
+    event_loop::EventLoop,
+    window::WindowBuilder,
+};
+
+fn main() {
+    SimpleLogger::new().init().unwrap();
+    let event_loop = EventLoop::new();
+
+    let window = WindowBuilder::new()
+        .with_title("A fantastic window!")
+        .with_inner_size(LogicalSize::new(128.0, 128.0))
+        .with_resize_increments(LogicalSize::new(25.0, 25.0))
+        .build(&event_loop)
+        .unwrap();
+
+    let mut has_increments = true;
+
+    event_loop.run(move |event, _, control_flow| {
+        control_flow.set_wait();
+
+        match event {
+            Event::WindowEvent {
+                event: WindowEvent::CloseRequested,
+                window_id,
+            } if window_id == window.id() => control_flow.set_exit(),
+            Event::WindowEvent {
+                event:
+                    WindowEvent::KeyboardInput {
+                        input:
+                            KeyboardInput {
+                                virtual_keycode: Some(VirtualKeyCode::Space),
+                                state: ElementState::Released,
+                                ..
+                            },
+                        ..
+                    },
+                window_id,
+            } if window_id == window.id() => {
+                has_increments = !has_increments;
+
+                let new_increments = match window.resize_increments() {
+                    Some(_) => None,
+                    None => Some(LogicalSize::new(25.0, 25.0)),
+                };
+                debug!("Had increments: {}", new_increments.is_none());
+                window.set_resize_increments(new_increments);
+            }
+            Event::MainEventsCleared => window.request_redraw(),
+            _ => (),
+        }
+    });
+}

examples/window_run_return.rs

@@ -2,14 +2,12 @@
 
 // Limit this example to only compatible platforms.
 #[cfg(any(
-    target_os = "windows",
-    target_os = "macos",
-    target_os = "linux",
-    target_os = "dragonfly",
-    target_os = "freebsd",
-    target_os = "netbsd",
-    target_os = "openbsd",
-    target_os = "android",
+    windows_platform,
+    macos_platform,
+    x11_platform,
+    wayland_platform,
+    android_platform,
+    orbital_platform,
 ))]
 fn main() {
     use std::{thread::sleep, time::Duration};
@@ -37,7 +35,7 @@ fn main() {
 
             if let Event::WindowEvent { event, .. } = &event {
                 // Print only Window events to reduce noise
-                println!("{:?}", event);
+                println!("{event:?}");
             }
 
             match event {
@@ -60,7 +58,7 @@ fn main() {
     }
 }
 
-#[cfg(any(target_os = "ios", target_arch = "wasm32"))]
+#[cfg(any(ios_platform, wasm_platform))]
 fn main() {
     println!("This platform doesn't support run_return.");
 }

run-wasm/Cargo.toml

@@ -6,4 +6,4 @@ edition = "2021"
 # See more keys and their definitions at https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/manifest.html
 
 [dependencies]
-cargo-run-wasm = "0.1.0"
+cargo-run-wasm = "0.2.0"

run-wasm/src/main.rs

@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
 fn main() {
-    cargo_run_wasm::run_wasm();
+    cargo_run_wasm::run_wasm_with_css("body { margin: 0px; }");
 }

src/dpi.rs

@@ -511,6 +511,19 @@ impl Size {
             Size::Logical(size) => size.to_physical(scale_factor),
         }
     }
+
+    pub fn clamp<S: Into<Size>>(input: S, min: S, max: S, scale_factor: f64) -> Size {
+        let (input, min, max) = (
+            input.into().to_physical::<f64>(scale_factor),
+            min.into().to_physical::<f64>(scale_factor),
+            max.into().to_physical::<f64>(scale_factor),
+        );
+
+        let width = input.width.clamp(min.width, max.width);
+        let height = input.height.clamp(min.height, max.height);
+
+        PhysicalSize::new(width, height).into()
+    }
 }
 
 impl<P: Pixel> From<PhysicalSize<P>> for Size {

src/event.rs

@@ -202,7 +202,16 @@ pub enum Event<'a, T: 'static> {
     /// Mainly of interest to applications with mostly-static graphics that avoid redrawing unless
     /// something changes, like most non-game GUIs.
     ///
+    ///
+    /// ## Platform-specific
+    ///
+    /// - **macOS / iOS:** Due to implementation difficulties, this will often, but not always, be
+    ///   emitted directly inside `drawRect:`, with neither a preceding [`MainEventsCleared`] nor
+    ///   subsequent `RedrawEventsCleared`. See [#2640] for work on this.
+    ///
     /// [`MainEventsCleared`]: Self::MainEventsCleared
+    /// [`RedrawEventsCleared`]: Self::RedrawEventsCleared
+    /// [#2640]: https://github.com/rust-windowing/winit/issues/2640
     RedrawRequested(WindowId),
 
     /// Emitted after all [`RedrawRequested`] events have been processed and control flow is about to
@@ -321,6 +330,10 @@ pub enum WindowEvent<'a> {
     Resized(PhysicalSize<u32>),
 
     /// The position of the window has changed. Contains the window's new position.
+    ///
+    /// ## Platform-specific
+    ///
+    /// - **iOS / Android / Web / Wayland:** Unsupported.
     Moved(PhysicalPosition<i32>),
 
     /// The window has been requested to close.
@@ -387,7 +400,7 @@ pub enum WindowEvent<'a> {
     ///
     /// ## Platform-specific
     ///
-    /// - **iOS / Android / Web:** Unsupported.
+    /// - **iOS / Android / Web / Orbital:** Unsupported.
     Ime(Ime),
 
     /// The cursor has moved on the window.
@@ -426,6 +439,53 @@ pub enum WindowEvent<'a> {
         modifiers: ModifiersState,
     },
 
+    /// Touchpad magnification event with two-finger pinch gesture.
+    ///
+    /// Positive delta values indicate magnification (zooming in) and
+    /// negative delta values indicate shrinking (zooming out).
+    ///
+    /// ## Platform-specific
+    ///
+    /// - Only available on **macOS**.
+    TouchpadMagnify {
+        device_id: DeviceId,
+        delta: f64,
+        phase: TouchPhase,
+    },
+
+    /// Smart magnification event.
+    ///
+    /// On a Mac, smart magnification is triggered by a double tap with two fingers
+    /// on the trackpad and is commonly used to zoom on a certain object
+    /// (e.g. a paragraph of a PDF) or (sort of like a toggle) to reset any zoom.
+    /// The gesture is also supported in Safari, Pages, etc.
+    ///
+    /// The event is general enough that its generating gesture is allowed to vary
+    /// across platforms. It could also be generated by another device.
+    ///
+    /// Unfortunatly, neither [Windows](https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/touch-gestures-for-windows-a9d28305-4818-a5df-4e2b-e5590f850741)
+    /// nor [Wayland](https://wayland.freedesktop.org/libinput/doc/latest/gestures.html)
+    /// support this gesture or any other gesture with the same effect.
+    ///
+    /// ## Platform-specific
+    ///
+    /// - Only available on **macOS 10.8** and later.
+    SmartMagnify { device_id: DeviceId },
+
+    /// Touchpad rotation event with two-finger rotation gesture.
+    ///
+    /// Positive delta values indicate rotation counterclockwise and
+    /// negative delta values indicate rotation clockwise.
+    ///
+    /// ## Platform-specific
+    ///
+    /// - Only available on **macOS**.
+    TouchpadRotate {
+        device_id: DeviceId,
+        delta: f32,
+        phase: TouchPhase,
+    },
+
     /// Touchpad pressure event.
     ///
     /// At the moment, only supported on Apple forcetouch-capable macbooks.
@@ -445,6 +505,10 @@ pub enum WindowEvent<'a> {
     },
 
     /// Touch event has been received
+    ///
+    /// ## Platform-specific
+    ///
+    /// - **macOS:** Unsupported.
     Touch(Touch),
 
     /// The window's scale factor has changed.
@@ -472,7 +536,7 @@ pub enum WindowEvent<'a> {
     ///
     /// ## Platform-specific
     ///
-    /// At the moment this is only supported on Windows.
+    /// - **iOS / Android / X11 / Wayland / Orbital:** Unsupported.
     ThemeChanged(Theme),
 
     /// The window has been occluded (completely hidden from view).
@@ -481,7 +545,7 @@ pub enum WindowEvent<'a> {
     /// minimised, set invisible, or fully occluded by another window.
     ///
     /// Platform-specific behavior:
-    /// - **iOS / Android / Web / Wayland / Windows:** Unsupported.
+    /// - **iOS / Android / Web / Wayland / Windows / Orbital:** Unsupported.
     Occluded(bool),
 }
 
@@ -549,6 +613,27 @@ impl Clone for WindowEvent<'static> {
                 button: *button,
                 modifiers: *modifiers,
             },
+            TouchpadMagnify {
+                device_id,
+                delta,
+                phase,
+            } => TouchpadMagnify {
+                device_id: *device_id,
+                delta: *delta,
+                phase: *phase,
+            },
+            SmartMagnify { device_id } => SmartMagnify {
+                device_id: *device_id,
+            },
+            TouchpadRotate {
+                device_id,
+                delta,
+                phase,
+            } => TouchpadRotate {
+                device_id: *device_id,
+                delta: *delta,
+                phase: *phase,
+            },
             TouchpadPressure {
                 device_id,
                 pressure,
@@ -637,6 +722,25 @@ impl<'a> WindowEvent<'a> {
                 button,
                 modifiers,
             }),
+            TouchpadMagnify {
+                device_id,
+                delta,
+                phase,
+            } => Some(TouchpadMagnify {
+                device_id,
+                delta,
+                phase,
+            }),
+            SmartMagnify { device_id } => Some(SmartMagnify { device_id }),
+            TouchpadRotate {
+                device_id,
+                delta,
+                phase,
+            } => Some(TouchpadRotate {
+                device_id,
+                delta,
+                phase,
+            }),
             TouchpadPressure {
                 device_id,
                 pressure,
@@ -773,8 +877,9 @@ pub struct KeyboardInput {
 /// the character you want to apply the accent to. This will generate the following event sequence:
 /// ```ignore
 /// // Press "`" key
-/// Ime::Preedit("`", Some(0), Some(0))
+/// Ime::Preedit("`", Some((0, 0)))
 /// // Press "E" key
+/// Ime::Preedit("", None) // Synthetic event generated by winit to clear preedit.
 /// Ime::Commit("é")
 /// ```
 ///
@@ -785,14 +890,15 @@ pub struct KeyboardInput {
 /// sequence could be obtained:
 /// ```ignore
 /// // Press "A" key
-/// Ime::Preedit("a", Some(1), Some(1))
+/// Ime::Preedit("a", Some((1, 1)))
 /// // Press "B" key
-/// Ime::Preedit("a b", Some(3), Some(3))
+/// Ime::Preedit("a b", Some((3, 3)))
 /// // Press left arrow key
-/// Ime::Preedit("a b", Some(1), Some(1))
+/// Ime::Preedit("a b", Some((1, 1)))
 /// // Press space key
-/// Ime::Preedit("啊b", Some(3), Some(3))
+/// Ime::Preedit("啊b", Some((3, 3)))
 /// // Press space key
+/// Ime::Preedit("", None) // Synthetic event generated by winit to clear preedit.
 /// Ime::Commit("啊不")
 /// ```
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
@@ -808,20 +914,21 @@ pub enum Ime {
     /// Notifies when a new composing text should be set at the cursor position.
     ///
     /// The value represents a pair of the preedit string and the cursor begin position and end
-    /// position. When it's `None`, the cursor should be hidden.
+    /// position. When it's `None`, the cursor should be hidden. When `String` is an empty string
+    /// this indicates that preedit was cleared.
     ///
     /// The cursor position is byte-wise indexed.
     Preedit(String, Option<(usize, usize)>),
 
     /// Notifies when text should be inserted into the editor widget.
     ///
-    /// Any pending [`Preedit`](Self::Preedit) must be cleared.
+    /// Right before this event winit will send empty [`Self::Preedit`] event.
     Commit(String),
 
     /// Notifies when the IME was disabled.
     ///
     /// After receiving this event you won't get any more [`Preedit`](Self::Preedit) or
-    /// [`Commit`](Self::Commit) events until the next [`Enabled`](Self::Enabled) event. You can
+    /// [`Commit`](Self::Commit) events until the next [`Enabled`](Self::Enabled) event. You should
     /// also stop issuing IME related requests like [`Window::set_ime_position`] and clear pending
     /// preedit text.
     Disabled,
@@ -853,6 +960,10 @@ pub enum TouchPhase {
 /// A [`TouchPhase::Cancelled`] event is emitted when the system has canceled tracking this
 /// touch, such as when the window loses focus, or on iOS if the user moves the
 /// device against their face.
+///
+/// ## Platform-specific
+///
+/// - **macOS:** Unsupported.
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq)]
 pub struct Touch {
     pub device_id: DeviceId,

src/event_loop.rs

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ use std::marker::PhantomData;
 use std::ops::Deref;
 use std::{error, fmt};
 
-use instant::Instant;
+use instant::{Duration, Instant};
 use once_cell::sync::OnceCell;
 use raw_window_handle::{HasRawDisplayHandle, RawDisplayHandle};
 
@@ -97,8 +97,18 @@ impl<T> EventLoopBuilder<T> {
     ///   `WINIT_UNIX_BACKEND`. Legal values are `x11` and `wayland`.
     ///   If it is not set, winit will try to connect to a Wayland connection, and if that fails,
     ///   will fall back on X11. If this variable is set with any other value, winit will panic.
+    /// - **Android:** Must be configured with an `AndroidApp` from `android_main()` by calling
+    ///     [`.with_android_app(app)`] before calling `.build()`.
     ///
     /// [`platform`]: crate::platform
+    #[cfg_attr(
+        android,
+        doc = "[`.with_android_app(app)`]: crate::platform::android::EventLoopBuilderExtAndroid::with_android_app"
+    )]
+    #[cfg_attr(
+        not(android),
+        doc = "[`.with_android_app(app)`]: #only-available-on-android"
+    )]
     #[inline]
     pub fn build(&mut self) -> EventLoop<T> {
         static EVENT_LOOP_CREATED: OnceCell<()> = OnceCell::new();
@@ -153,8 +163,10 @@ pub enum ControlFlow {
     ///   example when the scaling of the page has changed. This should be treated as an implementation
     ///   detail which should not be relied on.
     Poll,
+
     /// When the current loop iteration finishes, suspend the thread until another event arrives.
     Wait,
+
     /// When the current loop iteration finishes, suspend the thread until either another event
     /// arrives or the given time is reached.
     ///
@@ -164,6 +176,7 @@ pub enum ControlFlow {
     ///
     /// [`Poll`]: Self::Poll
     WaitUntil(Instant),
+
     /// Send a [`LoopDestroyed`] event and stop the event loop. This variant is *sticky* - once set,
     /// `control_flow` cannot be changed from `ExitWithCode`, and any future attempts to do so will
     /// result in the `control_flow` parameter being reset to `ExitWithCode`.
@@ -211,6 +224,20 @@ impl ControlFlow {
         *self = Self::WaitUntil(instant);
     }
 
+    /// Sets this to wait until a timeout has expired.
+    ///
+    /// In most cases, this is set to [`WaitUntil`]. However, if the timeout overflows, it is
+    /// instead set to [`Wait`].
+    ///
+    /// [`WaitUntil`]: Self::WaitUntil
+    /// [`Wait`]: Self::Wait
+    pub fn set_wait_timeout(&mut self, timeout: Duration) {
+        match Instant::now().checked_add(timeout) {
+            Some(instant) => self.set_wait_until(instant),
+            None => self.set_wait(),
+        }
+    }
+
     /// Sets this to [`ExitWithCode`]`(code)`.
     ///
     /// [`ExitWithCode`]: Self::ExitWithCode
@@ -312,7 +339,9 @@ impl<T> EventLoopWindowTarget<T> {
     /// **Wayland:** Always returns `None`.
     #[inline]
     pub fn primary_monitor(&self) -> Option<MonitorHandle> {
-        self.p.primary_monitor()
+        self.p
+            .primary_monitor()
+            .map(|inner| MonitorHandle { inner })
     }
 
     /// Change [`DeviceEvent`] filter mode.
@@ -323,17 +352,11 @@ impl<T> EventLoopWindowTarget<T> {
     ///
     /// ## Platform-specific
     ///
-    /// - **Wayland / Windows / macOS / iOS / Android / Web:** Unsupported.
+    /// - **Wayland / macOS / iOS / Android / Web / Orbital:** Unsupported.
     ///
     /// [`DeviceEvent`]: crate::event::DeviceEvent
     pub fn set_device_event_filter(&self, _filter: DeviceEventFilter) {
-        #[cfg(any(
-            target_os = "linux",
-            target_os = "dragonfly",
-            target_os = "freebsd",
-            target_os = "netbsd",
-            target_os = "openbsd"
-        ))]
+        #[cfg(any(x11_platform, wayland_platform, windows))]
         self.p.set_device_event_filter(_filter);
     }
 }

src/icon.rs

@@ -34,8 +34,7 @@ impl fmt::Display for BadIcon {
     fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
         match self {
             BadIcon::ByteCountNotDivisibleBy4 { byte_count } => write!(f,
-                "The length of the `rgba` argument ({:?}) isn't divisible by 4, making it impossible to interpret as 32bpp RGBA pixels.",
-                byte_count,
+                "The length of the `rgba` argument ({byte_count:?}) isn't divisible by 4, making it impossible to interpret as 32bpp RGBA pixels.",
             ),
             BadIcon::DimensionsVsPixelCount {
                 width,
@@ -43,10 +42,9 @@ impl fmt::Display for BadIcon {
                 width_x_height,
                 pixel_count,
             } => write!(f,
-                "The specified dimensions ({:?}x{:?}) don't match the number of pixels supplied by the `rgba` argument ({:?}). For those dimensions, the expected pixel count is {:?}.",
-                width, height, pixel_count, width_x_height,
+                "The specified dimensions ({width:?}x{height:?}) don't match the number of pixels supplied by the `rgba` argument ({pixel_count:?}). For those dimensions, the expected pixel count is {width_x_height:?}.",
             ),
-            BadIcon::OsError(e) => write!(f, "OS error when instantiating the icon: {:?}", e),
+            BadIcon::OsError(e) => write!(f, "OS error when instantiating the icon: {e:?}"),
         }
     }
 }

src/lib.rs

@@ -135,6 +135,8 @@
 #![deny(rustdoc::broken_intra_doc_links)]
 #![deny(clippy::all)]
 #![cfg_attr(feature = "cargo-clippy", deny(warnings))]
+// Doc feature labels can be tested locally by running RUSTDOCFLAGS="--cfg=docsrs" cargo +nightly doc
+#![cfg_attr(docsrs, feature(doc_auto_cfg))]
 #![allow(clippy::missing_safety_doc)]
 
 #[allow(unused_imports)]
@@ -145,9 +147,6 @@ extern crate log;
 extern crate serde;
 #[macro_use]
 extern crate bitflags;
-#[cfg(any(target_os = "macos", target_os = "ios"))]
-#[macro_use]
-extern crate objc;
 
 pub mod dpi;
 #[macro_use]

src/monitor.rs

@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ impl VideoMode {
     ///
     /// ## Platform-specific
     ///
-    /// - **Wayland:** Always returns 32.
+    /// - **Wayland / Orbital:** Always returns 32.
     /// - **iOS:** Always returns 32.
     #[inline]
     pub fn bit_depth(&self) -> u16 {
@@ -78,7 +78,9 @@ impl VideoMode {
     /// a separate set of valid video modes.
     #[inline]
     pub fn monitor(&self) -> MonitorHandle {
-        self.video_mode.monitor()
+        MonitorHandle {
+            inner: self.video_mode.monitor(),
+        }
     }
 }
 
@@ -141,6 +143,9 @@ impl MonitorHandle {
 
     /// The monitor refresh rate used by the system.
     ///
+    /// Return `Some` if succeed, or `None` if failed, which usually happens when the monitor
+    /// the window is on is removed.
+    ///
     /// When using exclusive fullscreen, the refresh rate of the [`VideoMode`] that was used to
     /// enter fullscreen should be used instead.
     #[inline]
@@ -169,6 +174,8 @@ impl MonitorHandle {
     /// - **Web:** Always returns an empty iterator
     #[inline]
     pub fn video_modes(&self) -> impl Iterator<Item = VideoMode> {
-        self.inner.video_modes()
+        self.inner
+            .video_modes()
+            .map(|video_mode| VideoMode { video_mode })
     }
 }

src/platform/android.rs

@@ -1,11 +1,9 @@
-#![cfg(any(target_os = "android"))]
-
 use crate::{
-    event_loop::{EventLoop, EventLoopWindowTarget},
+    event_loop::{EventLoop, EventLoopBuilder, EventLoopWindowTarget},
     window::{Window, WindowBuilder},
 };
-use ndk::configuration::Configuration;
-use ndk_glue::Rect;
+
+use android_activity::{AndroidApp, ConfigurationRef, Rect};
 
 /// Additional methods on [`EventLoop`] that are specific to Android.
 pub trait EventLoopExtAndroid {}
@@ -19,7 +17,7 @@ pub trait EventLoopWindowTargetExtAndroid {}
 pub trait WindowExtAndroid {
     fn content_rect(&self) -> Rect;
 
-    fn config(&self) -> Configuration;
+    fn config(&self) -> ConfigurationRef;
 }
 
 impl WindowExtAndroid for Window {
@@ -27,7 +25,7 @@ impl WindowExtAndroid for Window {
         self.window.content_rect()
     }
 
-    fn config(&self) -> Configuration {
+    fn config(&self) -> ConfigurationRef {
         self.window.config()
     }
 }
@@ -38,3 +36,43 @@ impl<T> EventLoopWindowTargetExtAndroid for EventLoopWindowTarget<T> {}
 pub trait WindowBuilderExtAndroid {}
 
 impl WindowBuilderExtAndroid for WindowBuilder {}
+
+pub trait EventLoopBuilderExtAndroid {
+    /// Associates the `AndroidApp` that was passed to `android_main()` with the event loop
+    ///
+    /// This must be called on Android since the `AndroidApp` is not global state.
+    fn with_android_app(&mut self, app: AndroidApp) -> &mut Self;
+}
+
+impl<T> EventLoopBuilderExtAndroid for EventLoopBuilder<T> {
+    fn with_android_app(&mut self, app: AndroidApp) -> &mut Self {
+        self.platform_specific.android_app = Some(app);
+        self
+    }
+}
+
+/// Re-export of the `android_activity` API
+///
+/// Winit re-exports the `android_activity` API for convenience so that most
+/// applications can rely on the Winit crate to resolve the required version of
+/// `android_activity` and avoid any chance of a conflict between Winit and the
+/// application crate.
+///
+/// Unlike most libraries there can only be a single implementation
+/// of the `android_activity` glue crate linked with an application because
+/// it is responsible for the application's `android_main()` entry point.
+///
+/// Since Winit depends on a specific version of `android_activity` the simplest
+/// way to avoid creating a conflict is for applications to avoid explicitly
+/// depending on the `android_activity` crate, and instead consume the API that
+/// is re-exported by Winit.
+///
+/// For compatibility applications should then import the `AndroidApp` type for
+/// their `android_main(app: AndroidApp)` function like:
+/// ```rust
+/// #[cfg(target_os="android")]
+/// use winit::platform::android::activity::AndroidApp;
+/// ```
+pub mod activity {
+    pub use android_activity::*;
+}

src/platform/ios.rs

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
-#![cfg(target_os = "ios")]
-
 use std::os::raw::c_void;
 
+use objc2::rc::Id;
+
 use crate::{
     event_loop::EventLoop,
     monitor::{MonitorHandle, VideoMode},
@@ -99,17 +99,17 @@ pub trait WindowExtIOS {
 impl WindowExtIOS for Window {
     #[inline]
     fn ui_window(&self) -> *mut c_void {
-        self.window.ui_window() as _
+        self.window.ui_window()
     }
 
     #[inline]
     fn ui_view_controller(&self) -> *mut c_void {
-        self.window.ui_view_controller() as _
+        self.window.ui_view_controller()
     }
 
     #[inline]
     fn ui_view(&self) -> *mut c_void {
-        self.window.ui_view() as _
+        self.window.ui_view()
     }
 
     #[inline]
@@ -141,13 +141,6 @@ impl WindowExtIOS for Window {
 
 /// Additional methods on [`WindowBuilder`] that are specific to iOS.
 pub trait WindowBuilderExtIOS {
-    /// Sets the root view class used by the [`Window`], otherwise a barebones [`UIView`] is provided.
-    ///
-    /// An instance of the class will be initialized by calling [`-[UIView initWithFrame:]`](https://developer.apple.com/documentation/uikit/uiview/1622488-initwithframe?language=objc).
-    ///
-    /// [`UIView`]: https://developer.apple.com/documentation/uikit/uiview?language=objc
-    fn with_root_view_class(self, root_view_class: *const c_void) -> WindowBuilder;
-
     /// Sets the [`contentScaleFactor`] of the underlying [`UIWindow`] to `scale_factor`.
     ///
     /// The default value is device dependent, and it's recommended GLES or Metal applications set
@@ -197,12 +190,6 @@ pub trait WindowBuilderExtIOS {
 }
 
 impl WindowBuilderExtIOS for WindowBuilder {
-    #[inline]
-    fn with_root_view_class(mut self, root_view_class: *const c_void) -> WindowBuilder {
-        self.platform_specific.root_view_class = unsafe { &*(root_view_class as *const _) };
-        self
-    }
-
     #[inline]
     fn with_scale_factor(mut self, scale_factor: f64) -> WindowBuilder {
         self.platform_specific.scale_factor = Some(scale_factor);
@@ -254,12 +241,14 @@ pub trait MonitorHandleExtIOS {
 impl MonitorHandleExtIOS for MonitorHandle {
     #[inline]
     fn ui_screen(&self) -> *mut c_void {
-        self.inner.ui_screen() as _
+        Id::as_ptr(self.inner.ui_screen()) as *mut c_void
     }
 
     #[inline]
     fn preferred_video_mode(&self) -> VideoMode {
-        self.inner.preferred_video_mode()
+        VideoMode {
+            video_mode: self.inner.preferred_video_mode(),
+        }
     }
 }
 

src/platform/macos.rs

@@ -1,9 +1,8 @@
-#![cfg(target_os = "macos")]
-
 use std::os::raw::c_void;
 
+use objc2::rc::Id;
+
 use crate::{
-    dpi::LogicalSize,
     event_loop::{EventLoopBuilder, EventLoopWindowTarget},
     monitor::MonitorHandle,
     window::{Window, WindowBuilder},
@@ -38,6 +37,36 @@ pub trait WindowExtMacOS {
 
     /// Sets whether or not the window has shadow.
     fn set_has_shadow(&self, has_shadow: bool);
+
+    /// Get the window's edit state.
+    ///
+    /// # Examples
+    ///
+    /// ```ignore
+    /// WindowEvent::CloseRequested => {
+    ///     if window.is_document_edited() {
+    ///         // Show the user a save pop-up or similar
+    ///     } else {
+    ///         // Close the window
+    ///         drop(window);
+    ///     }
+    /// }
+    /// ```
+    fn is_document_edited(&self) -> bool;
+
+    /// Put the window in a state which indicates a file save is required.
+    fn set_document_edited(&self, edited: bool);
+
+    /// Set option as alt behavior as described in [`OptionAsAlt`].
+    ///
+    /// This will ignore diacritical marks and accent characters from
+    /// being processed as received characters. Instead, the input
+    /// device's raw character will be placed in event queues with the
+    /// Alt modifier set.
+    fn set_option_as_alt(&self, option_as_alt: OptionAsAlt);
+
+    /// Getter for the [`WindowExtMacOS::set_option_as_alt`].
+    fn option_as_alt(&self) -> OptionAsAlt;
 }
 
 impl WindowExtMacOS for Window {
@@ -70,6 +99,26 @@ impl WindowExtMacOS for Window {
     fn set_has_shadow(&self, has_shadow: bool) {
         self.window.set_has_shadow(has_shadow)
     }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn is_document_edited(&self) -> bool {
+        self.window.is_document_edited()
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn set_document_edited(&self, edited: bool) {
+        self.window.set_document_edited(edited)
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn set_option_as_alt(&self, option_as_alt: OptionAsAlt) {
+        self.window.set_option_as_alt(option_as_alt)
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn option_as_alt(&self) -> OptionAsAlt {
+        self.window.option_as_alt()
+    }
 }
 
 /// Corresponds to `NSApplicationActivationPolicy`.
@@ -111,10 +160,15 @@ pub trait WindowBuilderExtMacOS {
     fn with_titlebar_buttons_hidden(self, titlebar_buttons_hidden: bool) -> WindowBuilder;
     /// Makes the window content appear behind the titlebar.
     fn with_fullsize_content_view(self, fullsize_content_view: bool) -> WindowBuilder;
-    /// Build window with `resizeIncrements` property. Values must not be 0.
-    fn with_resize_increments(self, increments: LogicalSize<f64>) -> WindowBuilder;
     fn with_disallow_hidpi(self, disallow_hidpi: bool) -> WindowBuilder;
     fn with_has_shadow(self, has_shadow: bool) -> WindowBuilder;
+    /// Window accepts click-through mouse events.
+    fn with_accepts_first_mouse(self, accepts_first_mouse: bool) -> WindowBuilder;
+
+    /// Set whether the `OptionAsAlt` key is interpreted as the `Alt` modifier.
+    ///
+    /// See [`WindowExtMacOS::set_option_as_alt`] for details on what this means if set.
+    fn with_option_as_alt(self, option_as_alt: OptionAsAlt) -> WindowBuilder;
 }
 
 impl WindowBuilderExtMacOS for WindowBuilder {
@@ -157,12 +211,6 @@ impl WindowBuilderExtMacOS for WindowBuilder {
         self
     }
 
-    #[inline]
-    fn with_resize_increments(mut self, increments: LogicalSize<f64>) -> WindowBuilder {
-        self.platform_specific.resize_increments = Some(increments);
-        self
-    }
-
     #[inline]
     fn with_disallow_hidpi(mut self, disallow_hidpi: bool) -> WindowBuilder {
         self.platform_specific.disallow_hidpi = disallow_hidpi;
@@ -174,6 +222,18 @@ impl WindowBuilderExtMacOS for WindowBuilder {
         self.platform_specific.has_shadow = has_shadow;
         self
     }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn with_accepts_first_mouse(mut self, accepts_first_mouse: bool) -> WindowBuilder {
+        self.platform_specific.accepts_first_mouse = accepts_first_mouse;
+        self
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn with_option_as_alt(mut self, option_as_alt: OptionAsAlt) -> WindowBuilder {
+        self.platform_specific.option_as_alt = option_as_alt;
+        self
+    }
 }
 
 pub trait EventLoopBuilderExtMacOS {
@@ -220,6 +280,12 @@ pub trait EventLoopBuilderExtMacOS {
     /// # }
     /// ```
     fn with_default_menu(&mut self, enable: bool) -> &mut Self;
+
+    /// Used to prevent the application from automatically activating when launched if
+    /// another application is already active.
+    ///
+    /// The default behavior is to ignore other applications and activate when launched.
+    fn with_activate_ignoring_other_apps(&mut self, ignore: bool) -> &mut Self;
 }
 
 impl<T> EventLoopBuilderExtMacOS for EventLoopBuilder<T> {
@@ -234,6 +300,12 @@ impl<T> EventLoopBuilderExtMacOS for EventLoopBuilder<T> {
         self.platform_specific.default_menu = enable;
         self
     }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn with_activate_ignoring_other_apps(&mut self, ignore: bool) -> &mut Self {
+        self.platform_specific.activate_ignoring_other_apps = ignore;
+        self
+    }
 }
 
 /// Additional methods on [`MonitorHandle`] that are specific to MacOS.
@@ -251,7 +323,7 @@ impl MonitorHandleExtMacOS for MonitorHandle {
     }
 
     fn ns_screen(&self) -> Option<*mut c_void> {
-        self.inner.ns_screen().map(|s| s as *mut c_void)
+        self.inner.ns_screen().map(|s| Id::as_ptr(&s) as _)
     }
 }
 
@@ -272,3 +344,28 @@ impl<T> EventLoopWindowTargetExtMacOS for EventLoopWindowTarget<T> {
         self.p.hide_other_applications()
     }
 }
+
+/// Option as alt behavior.
+///
+/// The default is `None`.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
+pub enum OptionAsAlt {
+    /// The left `Option` key is treated as `Alt`.
+    OnlyLeft,
+
+    /// The right `Option` key is treated as `Alt`.
+    OnlyRight,
+
+    /// Both `Option` keys are treated as `Alt`.
+    Both,
+
+    /// No special handling is applied for `Option` key.
+    None,
+}
+
+impl Default for OptionAsAlt {
+    fn default() -> Self {
+        OptionAsAlt::None
+    }
+}

src/platform/mod.rs

@@ -15,11 +15,29 @@
 //!
 //! However only the module corresponding to the platform you're compiling to will be available.
 
+#[cfg(android_platform)]
 pub mod android;
+#[cfg(ios_platform)]
 pub mod ios;
+#[cfg(macos_platform)]
 pub mod macos;
-pub mod unix;
+#[cfg(orbital_platform)]
+pub mod orbital;
+#[cfg(wayland_platform)]
+pub mod wayland;
+#[cfg(wasm_platform)]
 pub mod web;
+#[cfg(windows_platform)]
 pub mod windows;
+#[cfg(x11_platform)]
+pub mod x11;
 
+#[cfg(any(
+    windows_platform,
+    macos_platform,
+    android_platform,
+    x11_platform,
+    wayland_platform,
+    orbital_platform
+))]
 pub mod run_return;

src/platform/orbital.rs

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+// There are no Orbital specific traits yet.

src/platform/run_return.rs

@@ -1,14 +1,3 @@
-#![cfg(any(
-    target_os = "windows",
-    target_os = "macos",
-    target_os = "android",
-    target_os = "linux",
-    target_os = "dragonfly",
-    target_os = "freebsd",
-    target_os = "netbsd",
-    target_os = "openbsd"
-))]
-
 use crate::{
     event::Event,
     event_loop::{ControlFlow, EventLoop, EventLoopWindowTarget},

src/platform/unix.rs

@@ -1,464 +0,0 @@
-#![cfg(any(
-    target_os = "linux",
-    target_os = "dragonfly",
-    target_os = "freebsd",
-    target_os = "netbsd",
-    target_os = "openbsd"
-))]
-
-use std::os::raw;
-#[cfg(feature = "x11")]
-use std::{ptr, sync::Arc};
-
-use crate::{
-    event_loop::{EventLoopBuilder, EventLoopWindowTarget},
-    monitor::MonitorHandle,
-    window::{Window, WindowBuilder},
-};
-
-#[cfg(feature = "x11")]
-use crate::dpi::Size;
-#[cfg(feature = "x11")]
-use crate::platform_impl::{x11::ffi::XVisualInfo, x11::XConnection, XLIB_ERROR_HOOKS};
-use crate::platform_impl::{
-    ApplicationName, Backend, EventLoopWindowTarget as LinuxEventLoopWindowTarget,
-    Window as LinuxWindow,
-};
-
-// TODO: stupid hack so that glutin can do its work
-#[doc(hidden)]
-#[cfg(feature = "x11")]
-pub use crate::platform_impl::x11;
-#[cfg(feature = "x11")]
-pub use crate::platform_impl::{x11::util::WindowType as XWindowType, XNotSupported};
-
-#[cfg(feature = "wayland")]
-pub use crate::window::Theme;
-
-/// The first argument in the provided hook will be the pointer to `XDisplay`
-/// and the second one the pointer to [`XErrorEvent`]. The returned `bool` is an
-/// indicator whether the error was handled by the callback.
-///
-/// [`XErrorEvent`]: https://linux.die.net/man/3/xerrorevent
-#[cfg(feature = "x11")]
-pub type XlibErrorHook =
-    Box<dyn Fn(*mut std::ffi::c_void, *mut std::ffi::c_void) -> bool + Send + Sync>;
-
-/// Hook to winit's xlib error handling callback.
-///
-/// This method is provided as a safe way to handle the errors comming from X11 when using xlib
-/// in external crates, like glutin for GLX access. Trying to handle errors by speculating with
-/// `XSetErrorHandler` is [`unsafe`].
-///
-/// [`unsafe`]: https://www.remlab.net/op/xlib.shtml
-#[inline]
-#[cfg(feature = "x11")]
-pub fn register_xlib_error_hook(hook: XlibErrorHook) {
-    // Append new hook.
-    unsafe {
-        XLIB_ERROR_HOOKS.lock().push(hook);
-    }
-}
-
-/// Additional methods on [`EventLoopWindowTarget`] that are specific to Unix.
-pub trait EventLoopWindowTargetExtUnix {
-    /// True if the [`EventLoopWindowTarget`] uses Wayland.
-    #[cfg(feature = "wayland")]
-    fn is_wayland(&self) -> bool;
-
-    /// True if the [`EventLoopWindowTarget`] uses X11.
-    #[cfg(feature = "x11")]
-    fn is_x11(&self) -> bool;
-
-    #[doc(hidden)]
-    #[cfg(feature = "x11")]
-    fn xlib_xconnection(&self) -> Option<Arc<XConnection>>;
-
-    /// Returns a pointer to the `wl_display` object of wayland that is used by this
-    /// [`EventLoopWindowTarget`].
-    ///
-    /// Returns `None` if the [`EventLoop`] doesn't use wayland (if it uses xlib for example).
-    ///
-    /// The pointer will become invalid when the winit [`EventLoop`] is destroyed.
-    ///
-    /// [`EventLoop`]: crate::event_loop::EventLoop
-    #[cfg(feature = "wayland")]
-    fn wayland_display(&self) -> Option<*mut raw::c_void>;
-}
-
-impl<T> EventLoopWindowTargetExtUnix for EventLoopWindowTarget<T> {
-    #[inline]
-    #[cfg(feature = "wayland")]
-    fn is_wayland(&self) -> bool {
-        self.p.is_wayland()
-    }
-
-    #[inline]
-    #[cfg(feature = "x11")]
-    fn is_x11(&self) -> bool {
-        !self.p.is_wayland()
-    }
-
-    #[inline]
-    #[cfg(feature = "x11")]
-    fn xlib_xconnection(&self) -> Option<Arc<XConnection>> {
-        match self.p {
-            LinuxEventLoopWindowTarget::X(ref e) => Some(e.x_connection().clone()),
-            #[cfg(feature = "wayland")]
-            _ => None,
-        }
-    }
-
-    #[inline]
-    #[cfg(feature = "wayland")]
-    fn wayland_display(&self) -> Option<*mut raw::c_void> {
-        match self.p {
-            LinuxEventLoopWindowTarget::Wayland(ref p) => {
-                Some(p.display().get_display_ptr() as *mut _)
-            }
-            #[cfg(feature = "x11")]
-            _ => None,
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-/// Additional methods on [`EventLoopBuilder`] that are specific to Unix.
-pub trait EventLoopBuilderExtUnix {
-    /// Force using X11.
-    #[cfg(feature = "x11")]
-    fn with_x11(&mut self) -> &mut Self;
-
-    /// Force using Wayland.
-    #[cfg(feature = "wayland")]
-    fn with_wayland(&mut self) -> &mut Self;
-
-    /// Whether to allow the event loop to be created off of the main thread.
-    ///
-    /// By default, the window is only allowed to be created on the main
-    /// thread, to make platform compatibility easier.
-    fn with_any_thread(&mut self, any_thread: bool) -> &mut Self;
-}
-
-impl<T> EventLoopBuilderExtUnix for EventLoopBuilder<T> {
-    #[inline]
-    #[cfg(feature = "x11")]
-    fn with_x11(&mut self) -> &mut Self {
-        self.platform_specific.forced_backend = Some(Backend::X);
-        self
-    }
-
-    #[inline]
-    #[cfg(feature = "wayland")]
-    fn with_wayland(&mut self) -> &mut Self {
-        self.platform_specific.forced_backend = Some(Backend::Wayland);
-        self
-    }
-
-    #[inline]
-    fn with_any_thread(&mut self, any_thread: bool) -> &mut Self {
-        self.platform_specific.any_thread = any_thread;
-        self
-    }
-}
-
-/// Additional methods on [`Window`] that are specific to Unix.
-pub trait WindowExtUnix {
-    /// Returns the ID of the [`Window`] xlib object that is used by this window.
-    ///
-    /// Returns `None` if the window doesn't use xlib (if it uses wayland for example).
-    #[cfg(feature = "x11")]
-    fn xlib_window(&self) -> Option<raw::c_ulong>;
-
-    /// Returns a pointer to the `Display` object of xlib that is used by this window.
-    ///
-    /// Returns `None` if the window doesn't use xlib (if it uses wayland for example).
-    ///
-    /// The pointer will become invalid when the [`Window`] is destroyed.
-    #[cfg(feature = "x11")]
-    fn xlib_display(&self) -> Option<*mut raw::c_void>;
-
-    #[cfg(feature = "x11")]
-    fn xlib_screen_id(&self) -> Option<raw::c_int>;
-
-    #[doc(hidden)]
-    #[cfg(feature = "x11")]
-    fn xlib_xconnection(&self) -> Option<Arc<XConnection>>;
-
-    /// This function returns the underlying `xcb_connection_t` of an xlib `Display`.
-    ///
-    /// Returns `None` if the window doesn't use xlib (if it uses wayland for example).
-    ///
-    /// The pointer will become invalid when the [`Window`] is destroyed.
-    #[cfg(feature = "x11")]
-    fn xcb_connection(&self) -> Option<*mut raw::c_void>;
-
-    /// Returns a pointer to the `wl_surface` object of wayland that is used by this window.
-    ///
-    /// Returns `None` if the window doesn't use wayland (if it uses xlib for example).
-    ///
-    /// The pointer will become invalid when the [`Window`] is destroyed.
-    #[cfg(feature = "wayland")]
-    fn wayland_surface(&self) -> Option<*mut raw::c_void>;
-
-    /// Returns a pointer to the `wl_display` object of wayland that is used by this window.
-    ///
-    /// Returns `None` if the window doesn't use wayland (if it uses xlib for example).
-    ///
-    /// The pointer will become invalid when the [`Window`] is destroyed.
-    #[cfg(feature = "wayland")]
-    fn wayland_display(&self) -> Option<*mut raw::c_void>;
-
-    /// Updates [`Theme`] of window decorations.
-    ///
-    /// You can also use `WINIT_WAYLAND_CSD_THEME` env variable to set the theme.
-    /// Possible values for env variable are: "dark" and light"
-    #[cfg(feature = "wayland")]
-    fn wayland_set_csd_theme(&self, config: Theme);
-
-    /// Check if the window is ready for drawing
-    ///
-    /// It is a remnant of a previous implementation detail for the
-    /// wayland backend, and is no longer relevant.
-    ///
-    /// Always return `true`.
-    #[deprecated]
-    fn is_ready(&self) -> bool;
-}
-
-impl WindowExtUnix for Window {
-    #[inline]
-    #[cfg(feature = "x11")]
-    fn xlib_window(&self) -> Option<raw::c_ulong> {
-        match self.window {
-            LinuxWindow::X(ref w) => Some(w.xlib_window()),
-            #[cfg(feature = "wayland")]
-            _ => None,
-        }
-    }
-
-    #[inline]
-    #[cfg(feature = "x11")]
-    fn xlib_display(&self) -> Option<*mut raw::c_void> {
-        match self.window {
-            LinuxWindow::X(ref w) => Some(w.xlib_display()),
-            #[cfg(feature = "wayland")]
-            _ => None,
-        }
-    }
-
-    #[inline]
-    #[cfg(feature = "x11")]
-    fn xlib_screen_id(&self) -> Option<raw::c_int> {
-        match self.window {
-            LinuxWindow::X(ref w) => Some(w.xlib_screen_id()),
-            #[cfg(feature = "wayland")]
-            _ => None,
-        }
-    }
-
-    #[inline]
-    #[cfg(feature = "x11")]
-    fn xlib_xconnection(&self) -> Option<Arc<XConnection>> {
-        match self.window {
-            LinuxWindow::X(ref w) => Some(w.xlib_xconnection()),
-            #[cfg(feature = "wayland")]
-            _ => None,
-        }
-    }
-
-    #[inline]
-    #[cfg(feature = "x11")]
-    fn xcb_connection(&self) -> Option<*mut raw::c_void> {
-        match self.window {
-            LinuxWindow::X(ref w) => Some(w.xcb_connection()),
-            #[cfg(feature = "wayland")]
-            _ => None,
-        }
-    }
-
-    #[inline]
-    #[cfg(feature = "wayland")]
-    fn wayland_surface(&self) -> Option<*mut raw::c_void> {
-        match self.window {
-            LinuxWindow::Wayland(ref w) => Some(w.surface().as_ref().c_ptr() as *mut _),
-            #[cfg(feature = "x11")]
-            _ => None,
-        }
-    }
-
-    #[inline]
-    #[cfg(feature = "wayland")]
-    fn wayland_display(&self) -> Option<*mut raw::c_void> {
-        match self.window {
-            LinuxWindow::Wayland(ref w) => Some(w.display().get_display_ptr() as *mut _),
-            #[cfg(feature = "x11")]
-            _ => None,
-        }
-    }
-
-    #[inline]
-    #[cfg(feature = "wayland")]
-    fn wayland_set_csd_theme(&self, theme: Theme) {
-        #[allow(clippy::single_match)]
-        match self.window {
-            LinuxWindow::Wayland(ref w) => w.set_csd_theme(theme),
-            #[cfg(feature = "x11")]
-            _ => (),
-        }
-    }
-
-    #[inline]
-    fn is_ready(&self) -> bool {
-        true
-    }
-}
-
-/// Additional methods on [`WindowBuilder`] that are specific to Unix.
-pub trait WindowBuilderExtUnix {
-    #[cfg(feature = "x11")]
-    fn with_x11_visual<T>(self, visual_infos: *const T) -> Self;
-
-    #[cfg(feature = "x11")]
-    fn with_x11_screen(self, screen_id: i32) -> Self;
-
-    /// Build window with the given `general` and `instance` names.
-    ///
-    /// On Wayland, the `general` name sets an application ID, which should match the `.desktop`
-    /// file destributed with your program. The `instance` is a `no-op`.
-    ///
-    /// On X11, the `general` sets general class of `WM_CLASS(STRING)`, while `instance` set the
-    /// instance part of it. The resulted property looks like `WM_CLASS(STRING) = "general", "instance"`.
-    ///
-    /// For details about application ID conventions, see the
-    /// [Desktop Entry Spec](https://specifications.freedesktop.org/desktop-entry-spec/desktop-entry-spec-latest.html#desktop-file-id)
-    fn with_name(self, general: impl Into<String>, instance: impl Into<String>) -> Self;
-
-    /// Build window with override-redirect flag; defaults to false. Only relevant on X11.
-    #[cfg(feature = "x11")]
-    fn with_override_redirect(self, override_redirect: bool) -> Self;
-
-    /// Build window with `_NET_WM_WINDOW_TYPE` hints; defaults to `Normal`. Only relevant on X11.
-    #[cfg(feature = "x11")]
-    fn with_x11_window_type(self, x11_window_type: Vec<XWindowType>) -> Self;
-
-    /// Build window with `_GTK_THEME_VARIANT` hint set to the specified value. Currently only relevant on X11.
-    #[cfg(feature = "x11")]
-    fn with_gtk_theme_variant(self, variant: String) -> Self;
-
-    /// Build window with certain decoration [`Theme`]
-    ///
-    /// You can also use `WINIT_WAYLAND_CSD_THEME` env variable to set the theme.
-    /// Possible values for env variable are: "dark" and light"
-    #[cfg(feature = "wayland")]
-    fn with_wayland_csd_theme(self, theme: Theme) -> Self;
-
-    /// Build window with resize increment hint. Only implemented on X11.
-    ///
-    /// ```
-    /// # use winit::dpi::{LogicalSize, PhysicalSize};
-    /// # use winit::window::WindowBuilder;
-    /// # use winit::platform::unix::WindowBuilderExtUnix;
-    /// // Specify the size in logical dimensions like this:
-    /// WindowBuilder::new().with_resize_increments(LogicalSize::new(400.0, 200.0));
-    ///
-    /// // Or specify the size in physical dimensions like this:
-    /// WindowBuilder::new().with_resize_increments(PhysicalSize::new(400, 200));
-    /// ```
-    #[cfg(feature = "x11")]
-    fn with_resize_increments<S: Into<Size>>(self, increments: S) -> Self;
-
-    /// Build window with base size hint. Only implemented on X11.
-    ///
-    /// ```
-    /// # use winit::dpi::{LogicalSize, PhysicalSize};
-    /// # use winit::window::WindowBuilder;
-    /// # use winit::platform::unix::WindowBuilderExtUnix;
-    /// // Specify the size in logical dimensions like this:
-    /// WindowBuilder::new().with_base_size(LogicalSize::new(400.0, 200.0));
-    ///
-    /// // Or specify the size in physical dimensions like this:
-    /// WindowBuilder::new().with_base_size(PhysicalSize::new(400, 200));
-    /// ```
-    #[cfg(feature = "x11")]
-    fn with_base_size<S: Into<Size>>(self, base_size: S) -> Self;
-}
-
-impl WindowBuilderExtUnix for WindowBuilder {
-    #[inline]
-    #[cfg(feature = "x11")]
-    fn with_x11_visual<T>(mut self, visual_infos: *const T) -> Self {
-        {
-            self.platform_specific.visual_infos =
-                Some(unsafe { ptr::read(visual_infos as *const XVisualInfo) });
-        }
-        self
-    }
-
-    #[inline]
-    #[cfg(feature = "x11")]
-    fn with_x11_screen(mut self, screen_id: i32) -> Self {
-        self.platform_specific.screen_id = Some(screen_id);
-        self
-    }
-
-    #[inline]
-    fn with_name(mut self, general: impl Into<String>, instance: impl Into<String>) -> Self {
-        self.platform_specific.name = Some(ApplicationName::new(general.into(), instance.into()));
-        self
-    }
-
-    #[inline]
-    #[cfg(feature = "x11")]
-    fn with_override_redirect(mut self, override_redirect: bool) -> Self {
-        self.platform_specific.override_redirect = override_redirect;
-        self
-    }
-
-    #[inline]
-    #[cfg(feature = "x11")]
-    fn with_x11_window_type(mut self, x11_window_types: Vec<XWindowType>) -> Self {
-        self.platform_specific.x11_window_types = x11_window_types;
-        self
-    }
-
-    #[inline]
-    #[cfg(feature = "x11")]
-    fn with_gtk_theme_variant(mut self, variant: String) -> Self {
-        self.platform_specific.gtk_theme_variant = Some(variant);
-        self
-    }
-
-    #[inline]
-    #[cfg(feature = "wayland")]
-    fn with_wayland_csd_theme(mut self, theme: Theme) -> Self {
-        self.platform_specific.csd_theme = Some(theme);
-        self
-    }
-
-    #[inline]
-    #[cfg(feature = "x11")]
-    fn with_resize_increments<S: Into<Size>>(mut self, increments: S) -> Self {
-        self.platform_specific.resize_increments = Some(increments.into());
-        self
-    }
-
-    #[inline]
-    #[cfg(feature = "x11")]
-    fn with_base_size<S: Into<Size>>(mut self, base_size: S) -> Self {
-        self.platform_specific.base_size = Some(base_size.into());
-        self
-    }
-}
-
-/// Additional methods on `MonitorHandle` that are specific to Linux.
-pub trait MonitorHandleExtUnix {
-    /// Returns the inner identifier of the monitor.
-    fn native_id(&self) -> u32;
-}
-
-impl MonitorHandleExtUnix for MonitorHandle {
-    #[inline]
-    fn native_id(&self) -> u32 {
-        self.inner.native_identifier()
-    }
-}

src/platform/wayland.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,144 @@
+use std::os::raw;
+
+use crate::{
+    event_loop::{EventLoopBuilder, EventLoopWindowTarget},
+    monitor::MonitorHandle,
+    window::{Window, WindowBuilder},
+};
+
+use crate::platform_impl::{
+    ApplicationName, Backend, EventLoopWindowTarget as LinuxEventLoopWindowTarget,
+    Window as LinuxWindow,
+};
+
+pub use crate::window::Theme;
+
+/// Additional methods on [`EventLoopWindowTarget`] that are specific to Wayland.
+pub trait EventLoopWindowTargetExtWayland {
+    /// True if the [`EventLoopWindowTarget`] uses Wayland.
+    fn is_wayland(&self) -> bool;
+
+    /// Returns a pointer to the `wl_display` object of wayland that is used by this
+    /// [`EventLoopWindowTarget`].
+    ///
+    /// Returns `None` if the [`EventLoop`] doesn't use wayland (if it uses xlib for example).
+    ///
+    /// The pointer will become invalid when the winit [`EventLoop`] is destroyed.
+    ///
+    /// [`EventLoop`]: crate::event_loop::EventLoop
+    fn wayland_display(&self) -> Option<*mut raw::c_void>;
+}
+
+impl<T> EventLoopWindowTargetExtWayland for EventLoopWindowTarget<T> {
+    #[inline]
+    fn is_wayland(&self) -> bool {
+        self.p.is_wayland()
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn wayland_display(&self) -> Option<*mut raw::c_void> {
+        match self.p {
+            LinuxEventLoopWindowTarget::Wayland(ref p) => {
+                Some(p.display().get_display_ptr() as *mut _)
+            }
+            #[cfg(x11_platform)]
+            _ => None,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Additional methods on [`EventLoopBuilder`] that are specific to Wayland.
+pub trait EventLoopBuilderExtWayland {
+    /// Force using Wayland.
+    fn with_wayland(&mut self) -> &mut Self;
+
+    /// Whether to allow the event loop to be created off of the main thread.
+    ///
+    /// By default, the window is only allowed to be created on the main
+    /// thread, to make platform compatibility easier.
+    fn with_any_thread(&mut self, any_thread: bool) -> &mut Self;
+}
+
+impl<T> EventLoopBuilderExtWayland for EventLoopBuilder<T> {
+    #[inline]
+    fn with_wayland(&mut self) -> &mut Self {
+        self.platform_specific.forced_backend = Some(Backend::Wayland);
+        self
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn with_any_thread(&mut self, any_thread: bool) -> &mut Self {
+        self.platform_specific.any_thread = any_thread;
+        self
+    }
+}
+
+/// Additional methods on [`Window`] that are specific to Wayland.
+pub trait WindowExtWayland {
+    /// Returns a pointer to the `wl_surface` object of wayland that is used by this window.
+    ///
+    /// Returns `None` if the window doesn't use wayland (if it uses xlib for example).
+    ///
+    /// The pointer will become invalid when the [`Window`] is destroyed.
+    fn wayland_surface(&self) -> Option<*mut raw::c_void>;
+
+    /// Returns a pointer to the `wl_display` object of wayland that is used by this window.
+    ///
+    /// Returns `None` if the window doesn't use wayland (if it uses xlib for example).
+    ///
+    /// The pointer will become invalid when the [`Window`] is destroyed.
+    fn wayland_display(&self) -> Option<*mut raw::c_void>;
+}
+
+impl WindowExtWayland for Window {
+    #[inline]
+    fn wayland_surface(&self) -> Option<*mut raw::c_void> {
+        match self.window {
+            LinuxWindow::Wayland(ref w) => Some(w.surface().as_ref().c_ptr() as *mut _),
+            #[cfg(x11_platform)]
+            _ => None,
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn wayland_display(&self) -> Option<*mut raw::c_void> {
+        match self.window {
+            LinuxWindow::Wayland(ref w) => Some(w.display().get_display_ptr() as *mut _),
+            #[cfg(x11_platform)]
+            _ => None,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Additional methods on [`WindowBuilder`] that are specific to Wayland.
+pub trait WindowBuilderExtWayland {
+    /// Build window with the given name.
+    ///
+    /// The `general` name sets an application ID, which should match the `.desktop`
+    /// file destributed with your program. The `instance` is a `no-op`.
+    ///
+    /// For details about application ID conventions, see the
+    /// [Desktop Entry Spec](https://specifications.freedesktop.org/desktop-entry-spec/desktop-entry-spec-latest.html#desktop-file-id)
+    fn with_name(self, general: impl Into<String>, instance: impl Into<String>) -> Self;
+}
+
+impl WindowBuilderExtWayland for WindowBuilder {
+    #[inline]
+    fn with_name(mut self, general: impl Into<String>, instance: impl Into<String>) -> Self {
+        self.platform_specific.name = Some(ApplicationName::new(general.into(), instance.into()));
+        self
+    }
+}
+
+/// Additional methods on `MonitorHandle` that are specific to Wayland.
+pub trait MonitorHandleExtWayland {
+    /// Returns the inner identifier of the monitor.
+    fn native_id(&self) -> u32;
+}
+
+impl MonitorHandleExtWayland for MonitorHandle {
+    #[inline]
+    fn native_id(&self) -> u32 {
+        self.inner.native_identifier()
+    }
+}

src/platform/web.rs

@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-#![cfg(target_arch = "wasm32")]
-
 //! The web target does not automatically insert the canvas element object into the web page, to
 //! allow end users to determine how the page should be laid out. Use the [`WindowExtWebSys`] trait
 //! to retrieve the canvas from the Window. Alternatively, use the [`WindowBuilderExtWebSys`] trait

src/platform/windows.rs

@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-#![cfg(target_os = "windows")]
-
 use std::{ffi::c_void, path::Path};
 
 use crate::{
@@ -7,8 +5,8 @@ use crate::{
     event::DeviceId,
     event_loop::EventLoopBuilder,
     monitor::MonitorHandle,
-    platform_impl::{Parent, WinIcon},
-    window::{BadIcon, Icon, Theme, Window, WindowBuilder},
+    platform_impl::WinIcon,
+    window::{BadIcon, Icon, Window, WindowBuilder},
 };
 
 /// Window Handle type used by Win32 API
@@ -138,11 +136,13 @@ pub trait WindowExtWindows {
     /// This sets `ICON_BIG`. A good ceiling here is 256x256.
     fn set_taskbar_icon(&self, taskbar_icon: Option<Icon>);
 
-    /// Returns the current window theme.
-    fn theme(&self) -> Theme;
-
     /// Whether to show or hide the window icon in the taskbar.
     fn set_skip_taskbar(&self, skip: bool);
+
+    /// Shows or hides the background drop shadow for undecorated windows.
+    ///
+    /// Enabling the shadow causes a thin 1px line to appear on the top of the window.
+    fn set_undecorated_shadow(&self, shadow: bool);
 }
 
 impl WindowExtWindows for Window {
@@ -167,26 +167,20 @@ impl WindowExtWindows for Window {
     }
 
     #[inline]
-    fn theme(&self) -> Theme {
-        self.window.theme()
+    fn set_skip_taskbar(&self, skip: bool) {
+        self.window.set_skip_taskbar(skip)
     }
 
     #[inline]
-    fn set_skip_taskbar(&self, skip: bool) {
-        self.window.set_skip_taskbar(skip)
+    fn set_undecorated_shadow(&self, shadow: bool) {
+        self.window.set_undecorated_shadow(shadow)
     }
 }
 
 /// Additional methods on `WindowBuilder` that are specific to Windows.
 pub trait WindowBuilderExtWindows {
-    /// Sets a parent to the window to be created.
-    ///
-    /// A child window has the WS_CHILD style and is confined to the client area of its parent window.
-    ///
-    /// For more information, see <https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/winmsg/window-features#child-windows>
-    fn with_parent_window(self, parent: HWND) -> WindowBuilder;
-
     /// Set an owner to the window to be created. Can be used to create a dialog box, for example.
+    /// This only works when [`WindowBuilder::with_parent_window`] isn't called or set to `None`.
     /// Can be used in combination with [`WindowExtWindows::set_enable(false)`](WindowExtWindows::set_enable)
     /// on the owner window to create a modal dialog box.
     ///
@@ -224,23 +218,20 @@ pub trait WindowBuilderExtWindows {
     /// See <https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/api/objbase/nf-objbase-coinitialize#remarks> for more information.
     fn with_drag_and_drop(self, flag: bool) -> WindowBuilder;
 
-    /// Forces a theme or uses the system settings if `None` was provided.
-    fn with_theme(self, theme: Option<Theme>) -> WindowBuilder;
-
     /// Whether show or hide the window icon in the taskbar.
     fn with_skip_taskbar(self, skip: bool) -> WindowBuilder;
+
+    /// Shows or hides the background drop shadow for undecorated windows.
+    ///
+    /// The shadow is hidden by default.
+    /// Enabling the shadow causes a thin 1px line to appear on the top of the window.
+    fn with_undecorated_shadow(self, shadow: bool) -> WindowBuilder;
 }
 
 impl WindowBuilderExtWindows for WindowBuilder {
-    #[inline]
-    fn with_parent_window(mut self, parent: HWND) -> WindowBuilder {
-        self.platform_specific.parent = Parent::ChildOf(parent);
-        self
-    }
-
     #[inline]
     fn with_owner_window(mut self, parent: HWND) -> WindowBuilder {
-        self.platform_specific.parent = Parent::OwnedBy(parent);
+        self.platform_specific.owner = Some(parent);
         self
     }
 
@@ -269,14 +260,14 @@ impl WindowBuilderExtWindows for WindowBuilder {
     }
 
     #[inline]
-    fn with_theme(mut self, theme: Option<Theme>) -> WindowBuilder {
-        self.platform_specific.preferred_theme = theme;
+    fn with_skip_taskbar(mut self, skip: bool) -> WindowBuilder {
+        self.platform_specific.skip_taskbar = skip;
         self
     }
 
     #[inline]
-    fn with_skip_taskbar(mut self, skip: bool) -> WindowBuilder {
-        self.platform_specific.skip_taskbar = skip;
+    fn with_undecorated_shadow(mut self, shadow: bool) -> WindowBuilder {
+        self.platform_specific.decoration_shadow = shadow;
         self
     }
 }

src/platform/x11.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,233 @@
+use std::os::raw;
+use std::ptr;
+
+use crate::{
+    event_loop::{EventLoopBuilder, EventLoopWindowTarget},
+    monitor::MonitorHandle,
+    window::{Window, WindowBuilder},
+};
+
+use crate::dpi::Size;
+use crate::platform_impl::{
+    x11::ffi::XVisualInfo, ApplicationName, Backend, Window as LinuxWindow, XLIB_ERROR_HOOKS,
+};
+
+pub use crate::platform_impl::{x11::util::WindowType as XWindowType, XNotSupported};
+
+/// The first argument in the provided hook will be the pointer to `XDisplay`
+/// and the second one the pointer to [`XErrorEvent`]. The returned `bool` is an
+/// indicator whether the error was handled by the callback.
+///
+/// [`XErrorEvent`]: https://linux.die.net/man/3/xerrorevent
+pub type XlibErrorHook =
+    Box<dyn Fn(*mut std::ffi::c_void, *mut std::ffi::c_void) -> bool + Send + Sync>;
+
+/// Hook to winit's xlib error handling callback.
+///
+/// This method is provided as a safe way to handle the errors comming from X11
+/// when using xlib in external crates, like glutin for GLX access. Trying to
+/// handle errors by speculating with `XSetErrorHandler` is [`unsafe`].
+///
+/// **Be aware that your hook is always invoked and returning `true` from it will
+/// prevent `winit` from getting the error itself. It's wise to always return
+/// `false` if you're not initiated the `Sync`.**
+///
+/// [`unsafe`]: https://www.remlab.net/op/xlib.shtml
+#[inline]
+pub fn register_xlib_error_hook(hook: XlibErrorHook) {
+    // Append new hook.
+    unsafe {
+        XLIB_ERROR_HOOKS.lock().unwrap().push(hook);
+    }
+}
+
+/// Additional methods on [`EventLoopWindowTarget`] that are specific to X11.
+pub trait EventLoopWindowTargetExtX11 {
+    /// True if the [`EventLoopWindowTarget`] uses X11.
+    fn is_x11(&self) -> bool;
+}
+
+impl<T> EventLoopWindowTargetExtX11 for EventLoopWindowTarget<T> {
+    #[inline]
+    fn is_x11(&self) -> bool {
+        !self.p.is_wayland()
+    }
+}
+
+/// Additional methods on [`EventLoopBuilder`] that are specific to X11.
+pub trait EventLoopBuilderExtX11 {
+    /// Force using X11.
+    fn with_x11(&mut self) -> &mut Self;
+
+    /// Whether to allow the event loop to be created off of the main thread.
+    ///
+    /// By default, the window is only allowed to be created on the main
+    /// thread, to make platform compatibility easier.
+    fn with_any_thread(&mut self, any_thread: bool) -> &mut Self;
+}
+
+impl<T> EventLoopBuilderExtX11 for EventLoopBuilder<T> {
+    #[inline]
+    fn with_x11(&mut self) -> &mut Self {
+        self.platform_specific.forced_backend = Some(Backend::X);
+        self
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn with_any_thread(&mut self, any_thread: bool) -> &mut Self {
+        self.platform_specific.any_thread = any_thread;
+        self
+    }
+}
+
+/// Additional methods on [`Window`] that are specific to X11.
+pub trait WindowExtX11 {
+    /// Returns the ID of the [`Window`] xlib object that is used by this window.
+    ///
+    /// Returns `None` if the window doesn't use xlib (if it uses wayland for example).
+    fn xlib_window(&self) -> Option<raw::c_ulong>;
+
+    /// Returns a pointer to the `Display` object of xlib that is used by this window.
+    ///
+    /// Returns `None` if the window doesn't use xlib (if it uses wayland for example).
+    ///
+    /// The pointer will become invalid when the [`Window`] is destroyed.
+    fn xlib_display(&self) -> Option<*mut raw::c_void>;
+
+    fn xlib_screen_id(&self) -> Option<raw::c_int>;
+
+    /// This function returns the underlying `xcb_connection_t` of an xlib `Display`.
+    ///
+    /// Returns `None` if the window doesn't use xlib (if it uses wayland for example).
+    ///
+    /// The pointer will become invalid when the [`Window`] is destroyed.
+    fn xcb_connection(&self) -> Option<*mut raw::c_void>;
+}
+
+impl WindowExtX11 for Window {
+    #[inline]
+    fn xlib_window(&self) -> Option<raw::c_ulong> {
+        match self.window {
+            LinuxWindow::X(ref w) => Some(w.xlib_window()),
+            #[cfg(wayland_platform)]
+            _ => None,
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn xlib_display(&self) -> Option<*mut raw::c_void> {
+        match self.window {
+            LinuxWindow::X(ref w) => Some(w.xlib_display()),
+            #[cfg(wayland_platform)]
+            _ => None,
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn xlib_screen_id(&self) -> Option<raw::c_int> {
+        match self.window {
+            LinuxWindow::X(ref w) => Some(w.xlib_screen_id()),
+            #[cfg(wayland_platform)]
+            _ => None,
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn xcb_connection(&self) -> Option<*mut raw::c_void> {
+        match self.window {
+            LinuxWindow::X(ref w) => Some(w.xcb_connection()),
+            #[cfg(wayland_platform)]
+            _ => None,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Additional methods on [`WindowBuilder`] that are specific to X11.
+pub trait WindowBuilderExtX11 {
+    fn with_x11_visual<T>(self, visual_infos: *const T) -> Self;
+
+    fn with_x11_screen(self, screen_id: i32) -> Self;
+
+    /// Build window with the given `general` and `instance` names.
+    ///
+    /// The `general` sets general class of `WM_CLASS(STRING)`, while `instance` set the
+    /// instance part of it. The resulted property looks like `WM_CLASS(STRING) = "general", "instance"`.
+    ///
+    /// For details about application ID conventions, see the
+    /// [Desktop Entry Spec](https://specifications.freedesktop.org/desktop-entry-spec/desktop-entry-spec-latest.html#desktop-file-id)
+    fn with_name(self, general: impl Into<String>, instance: impl Into<String>) -> Self;
+
+    /// Build window with override-redirect flag; defaults to false. Only relevant on X11.
+    fn with_override_redirect(self, override_redirect: bool) -> Self;
+
+    /// Build window with `_NET_WM_WINDOW_TYPE` hints; defaults to `Normal`. Only relevant on X11.
+    fn with_x11_window_type(self, x11_window_type: Vec<XWindowType>) -> Self;
+
+    /// Build window with base size hint. Only implemented on X11.
+    ///
+    /// ```
+    /// # use winit::dpi::{LogicalSize, PhysicalSize};
+    /// # use winit::window::WindowBuilder;
+    /// # use winit::platform::x11::WindowBuilderExtX11;
+    /// // Specify the size in logical dimensions like this:
+    /// WindowBuilder::new().with_base_size(LogicalSize::new(400.0, 200.0));
+    ///
+    /// // Or specify the size in physical dimensions like this:
+    /// WindowBuilder::new().with_base_size(PhysicalSize::new(400, 200));
+    /// ```
+    fn with_base_size<S: Into<Size>>(self, base_size: S) -> Self;
+}
+
+impl WindowBuilderExtX11 for WindowBuilder {
+    #[inline]
+    fn with_x11_visual<T>(mut self, visual_infos: *const T) -> Self {
+        {
+            self.platform_specific.visual_infos =
+                Some(unsafe { ptr::read(visual_infos as *const XVisualInfo) });
+        }
+        self
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn with_x11_screen(mut self, screen_id: i32) -> Self {
+        self.platform_specific.screen_id = Some(screen_id);
+        self
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn with_name(mut self, general: impl Into<String>, instance: impl Into<String>) -> Self {
+        self.platform_specific.name = Some(ApplicationName::new(general.into(), instance.into()));
+        self
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn with_override_redirect(mut self, override_redirect: bool) -> Self {
+        self.platform_specific.override_redirect = override_redirect;
+        self
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn with_x11_window_type(mut self, x11_window_types: Vec<XWindowType>) -> Self {
+        self.platform_specific.x11_window_types = x11_window_types;
+        self
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn with_base_size<S: Into<Size>>(mut self, base_size: S) -> Self {
+        self.platform_specific.base_size = Some(base_size.into());
+        self
+    }
+}
+
+/// Additional methods on `MonitorHandle` that are specific to X11.
+pub trait MonitorHandleExtX11 {
+    /// Returns the inner identifier of the monitor.
+    fn native_id(&self) -> u32;
+}
+
+impl MonitorHandleExtX11 for MonitorHandle {
+    #[inline]
+    fn native_id(&self) -> u32 {
+        self.inner.native_identifier()
+    }
+}

src/platform_impl/ios/app_state.rs

@@ -9,21 +9,27 @@ use std::{
     time::Instant,
 };
 
-use objc::runtime::{BOOL, YES};
+use core_foundation::base::CFRelease;
+use core_foundation::date::CFAbsoluteTimeGetCurrent;
+use core_foundation::runloop::{
+    kCFRunLoopCommonModes, CFRunLoopAddTimer, CFRunLoopGetMain, CFRunLoopRef, CFRunLoopTimerCreate,
+    CFRunLoopTimerInvalidate, CFRunLoopTimerRef, CFRunLoopTimerSetNextFireDate,
+};
+use objc2::foundation::{CGRect, CGSize, NSInteger, NSProcessInfo};
+use objc2::rc::{Id, Shared};
+use objc2::runtime::Object;
+use objc2::{msg_send, sel};
 use once_cell::sync::Lazy;
 
+use super::uikit::UIView;
+use super::view::WinitUIWindow;
 use crate::{
     dpi::LogicalSize,
     event::{Event, StartCause, WindowEvent},
     event_loop::ControlFlow,
     platform_impl::platform::{
         event_loop::{EventHandler, EventProxy, EventWrapper, Never},
-        ffi::{
-            id, kCFRunLoopCommonModes, CFAbsoluteTimeGetCurrent, CFRelease, CFRunLoopAddTimer,
-            CFRunLoopGetMain, CFRunLoopRef, CFRunLoopTimerCreate, CFRunLoopTimerInvalidate,
-            CFRunLoopTimerRef, CFRunLoopTimerSetNextFireDate, CGRect, CGSize, NSInteger,
-            NSOperatingSystemVersion, NSUInteger,
-        },
+        ffi::NSOperatingSystemVersion,
     },
     window::WindowId as RootWindowId,
 };
@@ -62,25 +68,25 @@ impl Event<'static, Never> {
 #[must_use = "dropping `AppStateImpl` without inspecting it is probably a bug"]
 enum AppStateImpl {
     NotLaunched {
-        queued_windows: Vec<id>,
+        queued_windows: Vec<Id<WinitUIWindow, Shared>>,
         queued_events: Vec<EventWrapper>,
-        queued_gpu_redraws: HashSet<id>,
+        queued_gpu_redraws: HashSet<Id<WinitUIWindow, Shared>>,
     },
     Launching {
-        queued_windows: Vec<id>,
+        queued_windows: Vec<Id<WinitUIWindow, Shared>>,
         queued_events: Vec<EventWrapper>,
         queued_event_handler: Box<dyn EventHandler>,
-        queued_gpu_redraws: HashSet<id>,
+        queued_gpu_redraws: HashSet<Id<WinitUIWindow, Shared>>,
     },
     ProcessingEvents {
         event_handler: Box<dyn EventHandler>,
-        queued_gpu_redraws: HashSet<id>,
+        queued_gpu_redraws: HashSet<Id<WinitUIWindow, Shared>>,
         active_control_flow: ControlFlow,
     },
     // special state to deal with reentrancy and prevent mutable aliasing.
     InUserCallback {
         queued_events: Vec<EventWrapper>,
-        queued_gpu_redraws: HashSet<id>,
+        queued_gpu_redraws: HashSet<Id<WinitUIWindow, Shared>>,
     },
     ProcessingRedraws {
         event_handler: Box<dyn EventHandler>,
@@ -103,28 +109,6 @@ struct AppState {
     waker: EventLoopWaker,
 }
 
-impl Drop for AppState {
-    fn drop(&mut self) {
-        match self.state_mut() {
-            &mut AppStateImpl::NotLaunched {
-                ref mut queued_windows,
-                ..
-            }
-            | &mut AppStateImpl::Launching {
-                ref mut queued_windows,
-                ..
-            } => {
-                for &mut window in queued_windows {
-                    unsafe {
-                        let _: () = msg_send![window, release];
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-            _ => {}
-        }
-    }
-}
-
 impl AppState {
     // requires main thread
     unsafe fn get_mut() -> RefMut<'static, AppState> {
@@ -220,7 +204,9 @@ impl AppState {
         });
     }
 
-    fn did_finish_launching_transition(&mut self) -> (Vec<id>, Vec<EventWrapper>) {
+    fn did_finish_launching_transition(
+        &mut self,
+    ) -> (Vec<Id<WinitUIWindow, Shared>>, Vec<EventWrapper>) {
         let (windows, events, event_handler, queued_gpu_redraws) = match self.take_state() {
             AppStateImpl::Launching {
                 queued_windows,
@@ -377,7 +363,7 @@ impl AppState {
         }
     }
 
-    fn main_events_cleared_transition(&mut self) -> HashSet<id> {
+    fn main_events_cleared_transition(&mut self) -> HashSet<Id<WinitUIWindow, Shared>> {
         let (event_handler, queued_gpu_redraws, active_control_flow) = match self.take_state() {
             AppStateImpl::ProcessingEvents {
                 event_handler,
@@ -470,20 +456,13 @@ impl AppState {
 
 // requires main thread and window is a UIWindow
 // retains window
-pub unsafe fn set_key_window(window: id) {
-    bug_assert!(
-        {
-            let is_window: BOOL = msg_send![window, isKindOfClass: class!(UIWindow)];
-            is_window == YES
-        },
-        "set_key_window called with an incorrect type"
-    );
+pub(crate) unsafe fn set_key_window(window: &Id<WinitUIWindow, Shared>) {
     let mut this = AppState::get_mut();
     match this.state_mut() {
         &mut AppStateImpl::NotLaunched {
             ref mut queued_windows,
             ..
-        } => return queued_windows.push(msg_send![window, retain]),
+        } => return queued_windows.push(window.clone()),
         &mut AppStateImpl::ProcessingEvents { .. }
         | &mut AppStateImpl::InUserCallback { .. }
         | &mut AppStateImpl::ProcessingRedraws { .. } => {}
@@ -495,19 +474,12 @@ pub unsafe fn set_key_window(window: id) {
         }
     }
     drop(this);
-    msg_send![window, makeKeyAndVisible]
+    window.makeKeyAndVisible();
 }
 
 // requires main thread and window is a UIWindow
 // retains window
-pub unsafe fn queue_gl_or_metal_redraw(window: id) {
-    bug_assert!(
-        {
-            let is_window: BOOL = msg_send![window, isKindOfClass: class!(UIWindow)];
-            is_window == YES
-        },
-        "set_key_window called with an incorrect type"
-    );
+pub(crate) unsafe fn queue_gl_or_metal_redraw(window: Id<WinitUIWindow, Shared>) {
     let mut this = AppState::get_mut();
     match this.state_mut() {
         &mut AppStateImpl::NotLaunched {
@@ -535,8 +507,6 @@ pub unsafe fn queue_gl_or_metal_redraw(window: id) {
             panic!("Attempt to create a `Window` after the app has terminated")
         }
     }
-
-    drop(this);
 }
 
 // requires main thread
@@ -563,30 +533,25 @@ pub unsafe fn did_finish_launching() {
     drop(this);
 
     for window in windows {
-        let count: NSUInteger = msg_send![window, retainCount];
-        // make sure the window is still referenced
-        if count > 1 {
-            // Do a little screen dance here to account for windows being created before
-            // `UIApplicationMain` is called. This fixes visual issues such as being
-            // offcenter and sized incorrectly. Additionally, to fix orientation issues, we
-            // gotta reset the `rootViewController`.
-            //
-            // relevant iOS log:
-            // ```
-            // [ApplicationLifecycle] Windows were created before application initialzation
-            // completed. This may result in incorrect visual appearance.
-            // ```
-            let screen: id = msg_send![window, screen];
-            let _: id = msg_send![screen, retain];
-            let _: () = msg_send![window, setScreen:0 as id];
-            let _: () = msg_send![window, setScreen: screen];
-            let _: () = msg_send![screen, release];
-            let controller: id = msg_send![window, rootViewController];
-            let _: () = msg_send![window, setRootViewController:ptr::null::<()>()];
-            let _: () = msg_send![window, setRootViewController: controller];
-            let _: () = msg_send![window, makeKeyAndVisible];
-        }
-        let _: () = msg_send![window, release];
+        // Do a little screen dance here to account for windows being created before
+        // `UIApplicationMain` is called. This fixes visual issues such as being
+        // offcenter and sized incorrectly. Additionally, to fix orientation issues, we
+        // gotta reset the `rootViewController`.
+        //
+        // relevant iOS log:
+        // ```
+        // [ApplicationLifecycle] Windows were created before application initialzation
+        // completed. This may result in incorrect visual appearance.
+        // ```
+        let screen = window.screen();
+        let _: () = msg_send![&window, setScreen: ptr::null::<Object>()];
+        window.setScreen(&screen);
+
+        let controller = window.rootViewController();
+        window.setRootViewController(None);
+        window.setRootViewController(controller.as_deref());
+
+        window.makeKeyAndVisible();
     }
 
     let (windows, events) = AppState::get_mut().did_finish_launching_transition();
@@ -600,12 +565,7 @@ pub unsafe fn did_finish_launching() {
     // the above window dance hack, could possibly trigger new windows to be created.
     // we can just set those windows up normally, as they were created after didFinishLaunching
     for window in windows {
-        let count: NSUInteger = msg_send![window, retainCount];
-        // make sure the window is still referenced
-        if count > 1 {
-            let _: () = msg_send![window, makeKeyAndVisible];
-        }
-        let _: () = msg_send![window, release];
+        window.makeKeyAndVisible();
     }
 }
 
@@ -623,12 +583,12 @@ pub unsafe fn handle_wakeup_transition() {
 }
 
 // requires main thread
-pub unsafe fn handle_nonuser_event(event: EventWrapper) {
+pub(crate) unsafe fn handle_nonuser_event(event: EventWrapper) {
     handle_nonuser_events(std::iter::once(event))
 }
 
 // requires main thread
-pub unsafe fn handle_nonuser_events<I: IntoIterator<Item = EventWrapper>>(events: I) {
+pub(crate) unsafe fn handle_nonuser_events<I: IntoIterator<Item = EventWrapper>>(events: I) {
     let mut this = AppState::get_mut();
     let (mut event_handler, active_control_flow, processing_redraws) =
         match this.try_user_callback_transition() {
@@ -806,9 +766,7 @@ pub unsafe fn handle_main_events_cleared() {
     let mut redraw_events: Vec<EventWrapper> = this
         .main_events_cleared_transition()
         .into_iter()
-        .map(|window| {
-            EventWrapper::StaticEvent(Event::RedrawRequested(RootWindowId(window.into())))
-        })
+        .map(|window| EventWrapper::StaticEvent(Event::RedrawRequested(RootWindowId(window.id()))))
         .collect();
 
     redraw_events.push(EventWrapper::StaticEvent(Event::RedrawEventsCleared));
@@ -841,13 +799,13 @@ fn handle_event_proxy(
         EventProxy::DpiChangedProxy {
             suggested_size,
             scale_factor,
-            window_id,
+            window,
         } => handle_hidpi_proxy(
             event_handler,
             control_flow,
             suggested_size,
             scale_factor,
-            window_id,
+            window,
         ),
     }
 }
@@ -857,39 +815,34 @@ fn handle_hidpi_proxy(
     mut control_flow: ControlFlow,
     suggested_size: LogicalSize<f64>,
     scale_factor: f64,
-    window_id: id,
+    window: Id<WinitUIWindow, Shared>,
 ) {
     let mut size = suggested_size.to_physical(scale_factor);
     let new_inner_size = &mut size;
     let event = Event::WindowEvent {
-        window_id: RootWindowId(window_id.into()),
+        window_id: RootWindowId(window.id()),
         event: WindowEvent::ScaleFactorChanged {
             scale_factor,
             new_inner_size,
         },
     };
     event_handler.handle_nonuser_event(event, &mut control_flow);
-    let (view, screen_frame) = get_view_and_screen_frame(window_id);
+    let (view, screen_frame) = get_view_and_screen_frame(&window);
     let physical_size = *new_inner_size;
     let logical_size = physical_size.to_logical(scale_factor);
-    let size = CGSize::new(logical_size);
+    let size = CGSize::new(logical_size.width, logical_size.height);
     let new_frame: CGRect = CGRect::new(screen_frame.origin, size);
-    unsafe {
-        let _: () = msg_send![view, setFrame: new_frame];
-    }
+    view.setFrame(new_frame);
 }
 
-fn get_view_and_screen_frame(window_id: id) -> (id, CGRect) {
-    unsafe {
-        let view_controller: id = msg_send![window_id, rootViewController];
-        let view: id = msg_send![view_controller, view];
-        let bounds: CGRect = msg_send![window_id, bounds];
-        let screen: id = msg_send![window_id, screen];
-        let screen_space: id = msg_send![screen, coordinateSpace];
-        let screen_frame: CGRect =
-            msg_send![window_id, convertRect:bounds toCoordinateSpace:screen_space];
-        (view, screen_frame)
-    }
+fn get_view_and_screen_frame(window: &WinitUIWindow) -> (Id<UIView, Shared>, CGRect) {
+    let view_controller = window.rootViewController().unwrap();
+    let view = view_controller.view().unwrap();
+    let bounds = window.bounds();
+    let screen = window.screen();
+    let screen_space = screen.coordinateSpace();
+    let screen_frame = window.convertRect_toCoordinateSpace(bounds, &screen_space);
+    (view, screen_frame)
 }
 
 struct EventLoopWaker {
@@ -1018,9 +971,9 @@ impl NSOperatingSystemVersion {
 pub fn os_capabilities() -> OSCapabilities {
     static OS_CAPABILITIES: Lazy<OSCapabilities> = Lazy::new(|| {
         let version: NSOperatingSystemVersion = unsafe {
-            let process_info: id = msg_send![class!(NSProcessInfo), processInfo];
-            let atleast_ios_8: BOOL = msg_send![
-                process_info,
+            let process_info = NSProcessInfo::process_info();
+            let atleast_ios_8: bool = msg_send![
+                &process_info,
                 respondsToSelector: sel!(operatingSystemVersion)
             ];
             // winit requires atleast iOS 8 because no one has put the time into supporting earlier os versions.
@@ -1030,11 +983,8 @@ pub fn os_capabilities() -> OSCapabilities {
             // has been tested to not even run on macOS 10.15 - Xcode 8 might?
             //
             // The minimum required iOS version is likely to grow in the future.
-            assert!(
-                atleast_ios_8 == YES,
-                "`winit` requires iOS version 8 or greater"
-            );
-            msg_send![process_info, operatingSystemVersion]
+            assert!(atleast_ios_8, "`winit` requires iOS version 8 or greater");
+            msg_send![&process_info, operatingSystemVersion]
         };
         version.into()
     });

src/platform_impl/ios/event_loop.rs

@@ -3,46 +3,44 @@ use std::{
     ffi::c_void,
     fmt::{self, Debug},
     marker::PhantomData,
-    mem, ptr,
+    ptr,
     sync::mpsc::{self, Receiver, Sender},
 };
 
+use core_foundation::base::{CFIndex, CFRelease};
+use core_foundation::runloop::{
+    kCFRunLoopAfterWaiting, kCFRunLoopBeforeWaiting, kCFRunLoopCommonModes, kCFRunLoopDefaultMode,
+    kCFRunLoopExit, CFRunLoopActivity, CFRunLoopAddObserver, CFRunLoopAddSource, CFRunLoopGetMain,
+    CFRunLoopObserverCreate, CFRunLoopObserverRef, CFRunLoopSourceContext, CFRunLoopSourceCreate,
+    CFRunLoopSourceInvalidate, CFRunLoopSourceRef, CFRunLoopSourceSignal, CFRunLoopWakeUp,
+};
+use objc2::foundation::{MainThreadMarker, NSString};
+use objc2::rc::{Id, Shared};
+use objc2::ClassType;
 use raw_window_handle::{RawDisplayHandle, UiKitDisplayHandle};
 
+use super::uikit::{UIApplication, UIApplicationMain, UIDevice, UIScreen};
+use super::view::WinitUIWindow;
+use super::{app_state, monitor, view, MonitorHandle};
 use crate::{
     dpi::LogicalSize,
     event::Event,
     event_loop::{
         ControlFlow, EventLoopClosed, EventLoopWindowTarget as RootEventLoopWindowTarget,
     },
-    monitor::MonitorHandle as RootMonitorHandle,
     platform::ios::Idiom,
 };
 
-use crate::platform_impl::platform::{
-    app_state,
-    ffi::{
-        id, kCFRunLoopAfterWaiting, kCFRunLoopBeforeWaiting, kCFRunLoopCommonModes,
-        kCFRunLoopDefaultMode, kCFRunLoopEntry, kCFRunLoopExit, nil, CFIndex, CFRelease,
-        CFRunLoopActivity, CFRunLoopAddObserver, CFRunLoopAddSource, CFRunLoopGetMain,
-        CFRunLoopObserverCreate, CFRunLoopObserverRef, CFRunLoopSourceContext,
-        CFRunLoopSourceCreate, CFRunLoopSourceInvalidate, CFRunLoopSourceRef,
-        CFRunLoopSourceSignal, CFRunLoopWakeUp, NSStringRust, UIApplicationMain,
-        UIUserInterfaceIdiom,
-    },
-    monitor, view, MonitorHandle,
-};
-
 #[derive(Debug)]
-pub enum EventWrapper {
+pub(crate) enum EventWrapper {
     StaticEvent(Event<'static, Never>),
     EventProxy(EventProxy),
 }
 
 #[derive(Debug, PartialEq)]
-pub enum EventProxy {
+pub(crate) enum EventProxy {
     DpiChangedProxy {
-        window_id: id,
+        window: Id<WinitUIWindow, Shared>,
         suggested_size: LogicalSize<f64>,
         scale_factor: f64,
     },
@@ -55,15 +53,13 @@ pub struct EventLoopWindowTarget<T: 'static> {
 
 impl<T: 'static> EventLoopWindowTarget<T> {
     pub fn available_monitors(&self) -> VecDeque<MonitorHandle> {
-        // guaranteed to be on main thread
-        unsafe { monitor::uiscreens() }
+        monitor::uiscreens(MainThreadMarker::new().unwrap())
     }
 
-    pub fn primary_monitor(&self) -> Option<RootMonitorHandle> {
-        // guaranteed to be on main thread
-        let monitor = unsafe { monitor::main_uiscreen() };
-
-        Some(RootMonitorHandle { inner: monitor })
+    pub fn primary_monitor(&self) -> Option<MonitorHandle> {
+        Some(MonitorHandle::new(UIScreen::main(
+            MainThreadMarker::new().unwrap(),
+        )))
     }
 
     pub fn raw_display_handle(&self) -> RawDisplayHandle {
@@ -80,16 +76,16 @@ pub(crate) struct PlatformSpecificEventLoopAttributes {}
 
 impl<T: 'static> EventLoop<T> {
     pub(crate) fn new(_: &PlatformSpecificEventLoopAttributes) -> EventLoop<T> {
+        assert_main_thread!("`EventLoop` can only be created on the main thread on iOS");
+
         static mut SINGLETON_INIT: bool = false;
         unsafe {
-            assert_main_thread!("`EventLoop` can only be created on the main thread on iOS");
             assert!(
                 !SINGLETON_INIT,
                 "Only one `EventLoop` is supported on iOS. \
                  `EventLoopProxy` might be helpful"
             );
             SINGLETON_INIT = true;
-            view::create_delegate_class();
         }
 
         let (sender_to_clone, receiver) = mpsc::channel();
@@ -113,24 +109,26 @@ impl<T: 'static> EventLoop<T> {
         F: 'static + FnMut(Event<'_, T>, &RootEventLoopWindowTarget<T>, &mut ControlFlow),
     {
         unsafe {
-            let application: *mut c_void = msg_send![class!(UIApplication), sharedApplication];
-            assert_eq!(
-                application,
-                ptr::null_mut(),
+            let application = UIApplication::shared(MainThreadMarker::new().unwrap());
+            assert!(
+                application.is_none(),
                 "\
-                 `EventLoop` cannot be `run` after a call to `UIApplicationMain` on iOS\n\
-                 Note: `EventLoop::run` calls `UIApplicationMain` on iOS"
+                `EventLoop` cannot be `run` after a call to `UIApplicationMain` on iOS\n\
+                 Note: `EventLoop::run` calls `UIApplicationMain` on iOS",
             );
             app_state::will_launch(Box::new(EventLoopHandler {
                 f: event_handler,
                 event_loop: self.window_target,
             }));
 
+            // Ensure application delegate is initialized
+            view::WinitApplicationDelegate::class();
+
             UIApplicationMain(
                 0,
                 ptr::null(),
-                nil,
-                NSStringRust::alloc(nil).init_str("AppDelegate"),
+                None,
+                Some(&NSString::from_str("WinitApplicationDelegate")),
             );
             unreachable!()
         }
@@ -148,8 +146,9 @@ impl<T: 'static> EventLoop<T> {
 // EventLoopExtIOS
 impl<T: 'static> EventLoop<T> {
     pub fn idiom(&self) -> Idiom {
-        // guaranteed to be on main thread
-        unsafe { self::get_idiom() }
+        UIDevice::current(MainThreadMarker::new().unwrap())
+            .userInterfaceIdiom()
+            .into()
     }
 }
 
@@ -179,14 +178,23 @@ impl<T> EventLoopProxy<T> {
     fn new(sender: Sender<T>) -> EventLoopProxy<T> {
         unsafe {
             // just wake up the eventloop
-            extern "C" fn event_loop_proxy_handler(_: *mut c_void) {}
+            extern "C" fn event_loop_proxy_handler(_: *const c_void) {}
 
             // adding a Source to the main CFRunLoop lets us wake it up and
             // process user events through the normal OS EventLoop mechanisms.
             let rl = CFRunLoopGetMain();
-            // we want all the members of context to be zero/null, except one
-            let mut context: CFRunLoopSourceContext = mem::zeroed();
-            context.perform = Some(event_loop_proxy_handler);
+            let mut context = CFRunLoopSourceContext {
+                version: 0,
+                info: ptr::null_mut(),
+                retain: None,
+                release: None,
+                copyDescription: None,
+                equal: None,
+                hash: None,
+                schedule: None,
+                cancel: None,
+                perform: event_loop_proxy_handler,
+            };
             let source =
                 CFRunLoopSourceCreate(ptr::null_mut(), CFIndex::max_value() - 1, &mut context);
             CFRunLoopAddSource(rl, source, kCFRunLoopCommonModes);
@@ -222,7 +230,6 @@ fn setup_control_flow_observers() {
                 #[allow(non_upper_case_globals)]
                 match activity {
                     kCFRunLoopAfterWaiting => app_state::handle_wakeup_transition(),
-                    kCFRunLoopEntry => unimplemented!(), // not expected to ever happen
                     _ => unreachable!(),
                 }
             }
@@ -274,7 +281,7 @@ fn setup_control_flow_observers() {
 
         let begin_observer = CFRunLoopObserverCreate(
             ptr::null_mut(),
-            kCFRunLoopEntry | kCFRunLoopAfterWaiting,
+            kCFRunLoopAfterWaiting,
             1, // repeat = true
             CFIndex::min_value(),
             control_flow_begin_handler,
@@ -344,10 +351,3 @@ where
         }
     }
 }
-
-// must be called on main thread
-pub unsafe fn get_idiom() -> Idiom {
-    let device: id = msg_send![class!(UIDevice), currentDevice];
-    let raw_idiom: UIUserInterfaceIdiom = msg_send![device, userInterfaceIdiom];
-    raw_idiom.into()
-}

src/platform_impl/ios/ffi.rs

@@ -1,24 +1,11 @@
 #![allow(non_camel_case_types, non_snake_case, non_upper_case_globals)]
 
-use std::{convert::TryInto, ffi::CString, ops::BitOr, os::raw::*};
+use std::convert::TryInto;
 
-use objc::{runtime::Object, Encode, Encoding};
+use objc2::encode::{Encode, Encoding};
+use objc2::foundation::{NSInteger, NSUInteger};
 
-use crate::{
-    dpi::LogicalSize,
-    platform::ios::{Idiom, ScreenEdge, ValidOrientations},
-};
-
-pub type id = *mut Object;
-pub const nil: id = 0 as id;
-
-#[cfg(target_pointer_width = "32")]
-pub type CGFloat = f32;
-#[cfg(target_pointer_width = "64")]
-pub type CGFloat = f64;
-
-pub type NSInteger = isize;
-pub type NSUInteger = usize;
+use crate::platform::ios::{Idiom, ScreenEdge};
 
 #[repr(C)]
 #[derive(Clone, Debug)]
@@ -28,91 +15,15 @@ pub struct NSOperatingSystemVersion {
     pub patch: NSInteger,
 }
 
-#[repr(C)]
-#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq)]
-pub struct CGPoint {
-    pub x: CGFloat,
-    pub y: CGFloat,
-}
-
-#[repr(C)]
-#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq)]
-pub struct CGSize {
-    pub width: CGFloat,
-    pub height: CGFloat,
-}
-
-impl CGSize {
-    pub fn new(size: LogicalSize<f64>) -> CGSize {
-        CGSize {
-            width: size.width as _,
-            height: size.height as _,
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-#[repr(C)]
-#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq)]
-pub struct CGRect {
-    pub origin: CGPoint,
-    pub size: CGSize,
-}
-
-impl CGRect {
-    pub fn new(origin: CGPoint, size: CGSize) -> CGRect {
-        CGRect { origin, size }
-    }
-}
-
-unsafe impl Encode for CGRect {
-    fn encode() -> Encoding {
-        unsafe {
-            if cfg!(target_pointer_width = "32") {
-                Encoding::from_str("{CGRect={CGPoint=ff}{CGSize=ff}}")
-            } else if cfg!(target_pointer_width = "64") {
-                Encoding::from_str("{CGRect={CGPoint=dd}{CGSize=dd}}")
-            } else {
-                unimplemented!()
-            }
-        }
-    }
-}
-#[derive(Debug)]
-#[allow(dead_code)]
-#[repr(isize)]
-pub enum UITouchPhase {
-    Began = 0,
-    Moved,
-    Stationary,
-    Ended,
-    Cancelled,
-}
-
-#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
-#[allow(dead_code)]
-#[repr(isize)]
-pub enum UIForceTouchCapability {
-    Unknown = 0,
-    Unavailable,
-    Available,
-}
-
-#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
-#[allow(dead_code)]
-#[repr(isize)]
-pub enum UITouchType {
-    Direct = 0,
-    Indirect,
-    Pencil,
-}
-
-#[repr(C)]
-#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
-pub struct UIEdgeInsets {
-    pub top: CGFloat,
-    pub left: CGFloat,
-    pub bottom: CGFloat,
-    pub right: CGFloat,
+unsafe impl Encode for NSOperatingSystemVersion {
+    const ENCODING: Encoding = Encoding::Struct(
+        "NSOperatingSystemVersion",
+        &[
+            NSInteger::ENCODING,
+            NSInteger::ENCODING,
+            NSInteger::ENCODING,
+        ],
+    );
 }
 
 #[repr(transparent)]
@@ -120,9 +31,7 @@ pub struct UIEdgeInsets {
 pub struct UIUserInterfaceIdiom(NSInteger);
 
 unsafe impl Encode for UIUserInterfaceIdiom {
-    fn encode() -> Encoding {
-        NSInteger::encode()
-    }
+    const ENCODING: Encoding = NSInteger::ENCODING;
 }
 
 impl UIUserInterfaceIdiom {
@@ -157,65 +66,12 @@ impl From<UIUserInterfaceIdiom> for Idiom {
     }
 }
 
-#[repr(transparent)]
-#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug)]
-pub struct UIInterfaceOrientationMask(NSUInteger);
-
-unsafe impl Encode for UIInterfaceOrientationMask {
-    fn encode() -> Encoding {
-        NSUInteger::encode()
-    }
-}
-
-impl UIInterfaceOrientationMask {
-    pub const Portrait: UIInterfaceOrientationMask = UIInterfaceOrientationMask(1 << 1);
-    pub const PortraitUpsideDown: UIInterfaceOrientationMask = UIInterfaceOrientationMask(1 << 2);
-    pub const LandscapeLeft: UIInterfaceOrientationMask = UIInterfaceOrientationMask(1 << 4);
-    pub const LandscapeRight: UIInterfaceOrientationMask = UIInterfaceOrientationMask(1 << 3);
-    pub const Landscape: UIInterfaceOrientationMask =
-        UIInterfaceOrientationMask(Self::LandscapeLeft.0 | Self::LandscapeRight.0);
-    pub const AllButUpsideDown: UIInterfaceOrientationMask =
-        UIInterfaceOrientationMask(Self::Landscape.0 | Self::Portrait.0);
-    pub const All: UIInterfaceOrientationMask =
-        UIInterfaceOrientationMask(Self::AllButUpsideDown.0 | Self::PortraitUpsideDown.0);
-}
-
-impl BitOr for UIInterfaceOrientationMask {
-    type Output = Self;
-
-    fn bitor(self, rhs: Self) -> Self {
-        UIInterfaceOrientationMask(self.0 | rhs.0)
-    }
-}
-
-impl UIInterfaceOrientationMask {
-    pub fn from_valid_orientations_idiom(
-        valid_orientations: ValidOrientations,
-        idiom: Idiom,
-    ) -> UIInterfaceOrientationMask {
-        match (valid_orientations, idiom) {
-            (ValidOrientations::LandscapeAndPortrait, Idiom::Phone) => {
-                UIInterfaceOrientationMask::AllButUpsideDown
-            }
-            (ValidOrientations::LandscapeAndPortrait, _) => UIInterfaceOrientationMask::All,
-            (ValidOrientations::Landscape, _) => UIInterfaceOrientationMask::Landscape,
-            (ValidOrientations::Portrait, Idiom::Phone) => UIInterfaceOrientationMask::Portrait,
-            (ValidOrientations::Portrait, _) => {
-                UIInterfaceOrientationMask::Portrait
-                    | UIInterfaceOrientationMask::PortraitUpsideDown
-            }
-        }
-    }
-}
-
 #[repr(transparent)]
 #[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
 pub struct UIRectEdge(NSUInteger);
 
 unsafe impl Encode for UIRectEdge {
-    fn encode() -> Encoding {
-        NSUInteger::encode()
-    }
+    const ENCODING: Encoding = NSUInteger::ENCODING;
 }
 
 impl From<ScreenEdge> for UIRectEdge {
@@ -235,158 +91,3 @@ impl From<UIRectEdge> for ScreenEdge {
         ScreenEdge::from_bits(bits).expect("invalid `ScreenEdge`")
     }
 }
-
-#[repr(transparent)]
-#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
-pub struct UIScreenOverscanCompensation(NSInteger);
-
-unsafe impl Encode for UIScreenOverscanCompensation {
-    fn encode() -> Encoding {
-        NSInteger::encode()
-    }
-}
-
-#[allow(dead_code)]
-impl UIScreenOverscanCompensation {
-    pub const Scale: UIScreenOverscanCompensation = UIScreenOverscanCompensation(0);
-    pub const InsetBounds: UIScreenOverscanCompensation = UIScreenOverscanCompensation(1);
-    pub const None: UIScreenOverscanCompensation = UIScreenOverscanCompensation(2);
-}
-
-#[link(name = "UIKit", kind = "framework")]
-#[link(name = "CoreFoundation", kind = "framework")]
-extern "C" {
-    pub static kCFRunLoopDefaultMode: CFRunLoopMode;
-    pub static kCFRunLoopCommonModes: CFRunLoopMode;
-
-    pub fn UIApplicationMain(
-        argc: c_int,
-        argv: *const c_char,
-        principalClassName: id,
-        delegateClassName: id,
-    ) -> c_int;
-
-    pub fn CFRunLoopGetMain() -> CFRunLoopRef;
-    pub fn CFRunLoopWakeUp(rl: CFRunLoopRef);
-
-    pub fn CFRunLoopObserverCreate(
-        allocator: CFAllocatorRef,
-        activities: CFOptionFlags,
-        repeats: Boolean,
-        order: CFIndex,
-        callout: CFRunLoopObserverCallBack,
-        context: *mut CFRunLoopObserverContext,
-    ) -> CFRunLoopObserverRef;
-    pub fn CFRunLoopAddObserver(
-        rl: CFRunLoopRef,
-        observer: CFRunLoopObserverRef,
-        mode: CFRunLoopMode,
-    );
-
-    pub fn CFRunLoopTimerCreate(
-        allocator: CFAllocatorRef,
-        fireDate: CFAbsoluteTime,
-        interval: CFTimeInterval,
-        flags: CFOptionFlags,
-        order: CFIndex,
-        callout: CFRunLoopTimerCallBack,
-        context: *mut CFRunLoopTimerContext,
-    ) -> CFRunLoopTimerRef;
-    pub fn CFRunLoopAddTimer(rl: CFRunLoopRef, timer: CFRunLoopTimerRef, mode: CFRunLoopMode);
-    pub fn CFRunLoopTimerSetNextFireDate(timer: CFRunLoopTimerRef, fireDate: CFAbsoluteTime);
-    pub fn CFRunLoopTimerInvalidate(time: CFRunLoopTimerRef);
-
-    pub fn CFRunLoopSourceCreate(
-        allocator: CFAllocatorRef,
-        order: CFIndex,
-        context: *mut CFRunLoopSourceContext,
-    ) -> CFRunLoopSourceRef;
-    pub fn CFRunLoopAddSource(rl: CFRunLoopRef, source: CFRunLoopSourceRef, mode: CFRunLoopMode);
-    pub fn CFRunLoopSourceInvalidate(source: CFRunLoopSourceRef);
-    pub fn CFRunLoopSourceSignal(source: CFRunLoopSourceRef);
-
-    pub fn CFAbsoluteTimeGetCurrent() -> CFAbsoluteTime;
-    pub fn CFRelease(cftype: *const c_void);
-}
-
-pub type Boolean = u8;
-pub enum CFAllocator {}
-pub type CFAllocatorRef = *mut CFAllocator;
-pub enum CFRunLoop {}
-pub type CFRunLoopRef = *mut CFRunLoop;
-pub type CFRunLoopMode = CFStringRef;
-pub enum CFRunLoopObserver {}
-pub type CFRunLoopObserverRef = *mut CFRunLoopObserver;
-pub enum CFRunLoopTimer {}
-pub type CFRunLoopTimerRef = *mut CFRunLoopTimer;
-pub enum CFRunLoopSource {}
-pub type CFRunLoopSourceRef = *mut CFRunLoopSource;
-pub enum CFString {}
-pub type CFStringRef = *const CFString;
-
-pub type CFHashCode = c_ulong;
-pub type CFIndex = c_long;
-pub type CFOptionFlags = c_ulong;
-pub type CFRunLoopActivity = CFOptionFlags;
-
-pub type CFAbsoluteTime = CFTimeInterval;
-pub type CFTimeInterval = f64;
-
-pub const kCFRunLoopEntry: CFRunLoopActivity = 0;
-pub const kCFRunLoopBeforeWaiting: CFRunLoopActivity = 1 << 5;
-pub const kCFRunLoopAfterWaiting: CFRunLoopActivity = 1 << 6;
-pub const kCFRunLoopExit: CFRunLoopActivity = 1 << 7;
-
-pub type CFRunLoopObserverCallBack =
-    extern "C" fn(observer: CFRunLoopObserverRef, activity: CFRunLoopActivity, info: *mut c_void);
-pub type CFRunLoopTimerCallBack = extern "C" fn(timer: CFRunLoopTimerRef, info: *mut c_void);
-
-pub enum CFRunLoopObserverContext {}
-pub enum CFRunLoopTimerContext {}
-
-#[repr(C)]
-pub struct CFRunLoopSourceContext {
-    pub version: CFIndex,
-    pub info: *mut c_void,
-    pub retain: Option<extern "C" fn(*const c_void) -> *const c_void>,
-    pub release: Option<extern "C" fn(*const c_void)>,
-    pub copyDescription: Option<extern "C" fn(*const c_void) -> CFStringRef>,
-    pub equal: Option<extern "C" fn(*const c_void, *const c_void) -> Boolean>,
-    pub hash: Option<extern "C" fn(*const c_void) -> CFHashCode>,
-    pub schedule: Option<extern "C" fn(*mut c_void, CFRunLoopRef, CFRunLoopMode)>,
-    pub cancel: Option<extern "C" fn(*mut c_void, CFRunLoopRef, CFRunLoopMode)>,
-    pub perform: Option<extern "C" fn(*mut c_void)>,
-}
-
-// This is named NSStringRust rather than NSString because the "Debug View Heirarchy" feature of
-// Xcode requires a non-ambiguous reference to NSString for unclear reasons. This makes Xcode happy
-// so please test if you change the name back to NSString.
-pub trait NSStringRust: Sized {
-    unsafe fn alloc(_: Self) -> id {
-        msg_send![class!(NSString), alloc]
-    }
-
-    unsafe fn initWithUTF8String_(self, c_string: *const c_char) -> id;
-    unsafe fn stringByAppendingString_(self, other: id) -> id;
-    unsafe fn init_str(self, string: &str) -> Self;
-    unsafe fn UTF8String(self) -> *const c_char;
-}
-
-impl NSStringRust for id {
-    unsafe fn initWithUTF8String_(self, c_string: *const c_char) -> id {
-        msg_send![self, initWithUTF8String: c_string as id]
-    }
-
-    unsafe fn stringByAppendingString_(self, other: id) -> id {
-        msg_send![self, stringByAppendingString: other]
-    }
-
-    unsafe fn init_str(self, string: &str) -> id {
-        let cstring = CString::new(string).unwrap();
-        self.initWithUTF8String_(cstring.as_ptr())
-    }
-
-    unsafe fn UTF8String(self) -> *const c_char {
-        msg_send![self, UTF8String]
-    }
-}

src/platform_impl/ios/mod.rs

@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@
 //!
 //! Also note that app may not receive the LoopDestroyed event if suspended; it might be SIGKILL'ed.
 
-#![cfg(target_os = "ios")]
+#![cfg(ios_platform)]
 #![allow(clippy::let_unit_value)]
 
 // TODO: (mtak-) UIKit requires main thread for virtually all function/method calls. This could be
@@ -63,8 +63,7 @@
 // window size/position.
 macro_rules! assert_main_thread {
     ($($t:tt)*) => {
-        let is_main_thread: ::objc::runtime::BOOL = msg_send!(class!(NSThread), isMainThread);
-        if is_main_thread == ::objc::runtime::NO {
+        if !::objc2::foundation::is_main_thread() {
             panic!($($t)*);
         }
     };
@@ -74,6 +73,7 @@ mod app_state;
 mod event_loop;
 mod ffi;
 mod monitor;
+mod uikit;
 mod view;
 mod window;
 
@@ -87,17 +87,19 @@ pub(crate) use self::{
     window::{PlatformSpecificWindowBuilderAttributes, Window, WindowId},
 };
 
+use self::uikit::UIScreen;
 pub(crate) use crate::icon::NoIcon as PlatformIcon;
+pub(self) use crate::platform_impl::Fullscreen;
 
 #[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord, Hash)]
 pub struct DeviceId {
-    uiscreen: ffi::id,
+    uiscreen: *const UIScreen,
 }
 
 impl DeviceId {
     pub const unsafe fn dummy() -> Self {
         DeviceId {
-            uiscreen: std::ptr::null_mut(),
+            uiscreen: std::ptr::null(),
         }
     }
 }

src/platform_impl/ios/monitor.rs

@@ -1,74 +1,48 @@
+#![allow(clippy::unnecessary_cast)]
+
 use std::{
     collections::{BTreeSet, VecDeque},
     fmt,
     ops::{Deref, DerefMut},
 };
 
+use objc2::foundation::{MainThreadMarker, NSInteger};
+use objc2::rc::{Id, Shared};
+
+use super::uikit::{UIScreen, UIScreenMode};
 use crate::{
     dpi::{PhysicalPosition, PhysicalSize},
-    monitor::{MonitorHandle as RootMonitorHandle, VideoMode as RootVideoMode},
-    platform_impl::platform::{
-        app_state,
-        ffi::{id, nil, CGFloat, CGRect, CGSize, NSInteger, NSUInteger},
-    },
+    monitor::VideoMode as RootVideoMode,
+    platform_impl::platform::app_state,
 };
 
-#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
+// TODO(madsmtm): Remove or refactor this
+#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash, Clone)]
+pub(crate) struct ScreenModeSendSync(pub(crate) Id<UIScreenMode, Shared>);
+
+unsafe impl Send for ScreenModeSendSync {}
+unsafe impl Sync for ScreenModeSendSync {}
+
+#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash, Clone)]
 pub struct VideoMode {
     pub(crate) size: (u32, u32),
     pub(crate) bit_depth: u16,
     pub(crate) refresh_rate_millihertz: u32,
-    pub(crate) screen_mode: NativeDisplayMode,
+    pub(crate) screen_mode: ScreenModeSendSync,
     pub(crate) monitor: MonitorHandle,
 }
 
-#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
-pub struct NativeDisplayMode(pub id);
-
-unsafe impl Send for NativeDisplayMode {}
-
-impl Drop for NativeDisplayMode {
-    fn drop(&mut self) {
-        unsafe {
-            let _: () = msg_send![self.0, release];
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-impl Clone for NativeDisplayMode {
-    fn clone(&self) -> Self {
-        unsafe {
-            let _: id = msg_send![self.0, retain];
-        }
-        NativeDisplayMode(self.0)
-    }
-}
-
-impl Clone for VideoMode {
-    fn clone(&self) -> VideoMode {
-        VideoMode {
-            size: self.size,
-            bit_depth: self.bit_depth,
-            refresh_rate_millihertz: self.refresh_rate_millihertz,
-            screen_mode: self.screen_mode.clone(),
-            monitor: self.monitor.clone(),
-        }
-    }
-}
-
 impl VideoMode {
-    unsafe fn retained_new(uiscreen: id, screen_mode: id) -> VideoMode {
+    fn new(uiscreen: Id<UIScreen, Shared>, screen_mode: Id<UIScreenMode, Shared>) -> VideoMode {
         assert_main_thread!("`VideoMode` can only be created on the main thread on iOS");
-        let refresh_rate_millihertz = refresh_rate_millihertz(uiscreen);
-        let size: CGSize = msg_send![screen_mode, size];
-        let screen_mode: id = msg_send![screen_mode, retain];
-        let screen_mode = NativeDisplayMode(screen_mode);
+        let refresh_rate_millihertz = refresh_rate_millihertz(&uiscreen);
+        let size = screen_mode.size();
         VideoMode {
             size: (size.width as u32, size.height as u32),
             bit_depth: 32,
             refresh_rate_millihertz,
-            screen_mode,
-            monitor: MonitorHandle::retained_new(uiscreen),
+            screen_mode: ScreenModeSendSync(screen_mode),
+            monitor: MonitorHandle::new(uiscreen),
         }
     }
 
@@ -84,51 +58,46 @@ impl VideoMode {
         self.refresh_rate_millihertz
     }
 
-    pub fn monitor(&self) -> RootMonitorHandle {
-        RootMonitorHandle {
-            inner: self.monitor.clone(),
-        }
+    pub fn monitor(&self) -> MonitorHandle {
+        self.monitor.clone()
     }
 }
 
-#[derive(PartialEq, Eq, Hash, PartialOrd, Ord)]
+#[derive(Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
 pub struct Inner {
-    uiscreen: id,
+    uiscreen: Id<UIScreen, Shared>,
 }
 
-impl Drop for Inner {
-    fn drop(&mut self) {
-        unsafe {
-            let _: () = msg_send![self.uiscreen, release];
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-#[derive(PartialEq, Eq, Hash, PartialOrd, Ord)]
+#[derive(Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
 pub struct MonitorHandle {
     inner: Inner,
 }
 
+impl PartialOrd for MonitorHandle {
+    fn partial_cmp(&self, other: &Self) -> Option<std::cmp::Ordering> {
+        Some(self.cmp(other))
+    }
+}
+
+impl Ord for MonitorHandle {
+    fn cmp(&self, other: &Self) -> std::cmp::Ordering {
+        // TODO: Make a better ordering
+        (self as *const Self).cmp(&(other as *const Self))
+    }
+}
+
 impl Deref for MonitorHandle {
     type Target = Inner;
 
     fn deref(&self) -> &Inner {
-        unsafe {
-            assert_main_thread!(
-                "`MonitorHandle` methods can only be run on the main thread on iOS"
-            );
-        }
+        assert_main_thread!("`MonitorHandle` methods can only be run on the main thread on iOS");
         &self.inner
     }
 }
 
 impl DerefMut for MonitorHandle {
     fn deref_mut(&mut self) -> &mut Inner {
-        unsafe {
-            assert_main_thread!(
-                "`MonitorHandle` methods can only be run on the main thread on iOS"
-            );
-        }
+        assert_main_thread!("`MonitorHandle` methods can only be run on the main thread on iOS");
         &mut self.inner
     }
 }
@@ -136,17 +105,9 @@ impl DerefMut for MonitorHandle {
 unsafe impl Send for MonitorHandle {}
 unsafe impl Sync for MonitorHandle {}
 
-impl Clone for MonitorHandle {
-    fn clone(&self) -> MonitorHandle {
-        MonitorHandle::retained_new(self.uiscreen)
-    }
-}
-
 impl Drop for MonitorHandle {
     fn drop(&mut self) {
-        unsafe {
-            assert_main_thread!("`MonitorHandle` can only be dropped on the main thread on iOS");
-        }
+        assert_main_thread!("`MonitorHandle` can only be dropped on the main thread on iOS");
     }
 }
 
@@ -174,12 +135,9 @@ impl fmt::Debug for MonitorHandle {
 }
 
 impl MonitorHandle {
-    pub fn retained_new(uiscreen: id) -> MonitorHandle {
-        unsafe {
-            assert_main_thread!("`MonitorHandle` can only be cloned on the main thread on iOS");
-            let _: () = msg_send![uiscreen, retain];
-        }
-        MonitorHandle {
+    pub(crate) fn new(uiscreen: Id<UIScreen, Shared>) -> Self {
+        assert_main_thread!("`MonitorHandle` can only be created on the main thread on iOS");
+        Self {
             inner: Inner { uiscreen },
         }
     }
@@ -187,69 +145,62 @@ impl MonitorHandle {
 
 impl Inner {
     pub fn name(&self) -> Option<String> {
-        unsafe {
-            let main = main_uiscreen();
-            if self.uiscreen == main.uiscreen {
-                Some("Primary".to_string())
-            } else if self.uiscreen == mirrored_uiscreen(&main).uiscreen {
-                Some("Mirrored".to_string())
-            } else {
-                uiscreens()
-                    .iter()
-                    .position(|rhs| rhs.uiscreen == self.uiscreen)
-                    .map(|idx| idx.to_string())
-            }
+        let main = UIScreen::main(MainThreadMarker::new().unwrap());
+        if self.uiscreen == main {
+            Some("Primary".to_string())
+        } else if self.uiscreen == main.mirroredScreen() {
+            Some("Mirrored".to_string())
+        } else {
+            UIScreen::screens(MainThreadMarker::new().unwrap())
+                .iter()
+                .position(|rhs| rhs == &*self.uiscreen)
+                .map(|idx| idx.to_string())
         }
     }
 
     pub fn size(&self) -> PhysicalSize<u32> {
-        unsafe {
-            let bounds: CGRect = msg_send![self.ui_screen(), nativeBounds];
-            PhysicalSize::new(bounds.size.width as u32, bounds.size.height as u32)
-        }
+        let bounds = self.uiscreen.nativeBounds();
+        PhysicalSize::new(bounds.size.width as u32, bounds.size.height as u32)
     }
 
     pub fn position(&self) -> PhysicalPosition<i32> {
-        unsafe {
-            let bounds: CGRect = msg_send![self.ui_screen(), nativeBounds];
-            (bounds.origin.x as f64, bounds.origin.y as f64).into()
-        }
+        let bounds = self.uiscreen.nativeBounds();
+        (bounds.origin.x as f64, bounds.origin.y as f64).into()
     }
 
     pub fn scale_factor(&self) -> f64 {
-        unsafe {
-            let scale: CGFloat = msg_send![self.ui_screen(), nativeScale];
-            scale as f64
-        }
+        self.uiscreen.nativeScale() as f64
     }
 
     pub fn refresh_rate_millihertz(&self) -> Option<u32> {
-        Some(refresh_rate_millihertz(self.uiscreen))
+        Some(refresh_rate_millihertz(&self.uiscreen))
     }
 
-    pub fn video_modes(&self) -> impl Iterator<Item = RootVideoMode> {
-        let mut modes = BTreeSet::new();
-        unsafe {
-            let available_modes: id = msg_send![self.uiscreen, availableModes];
-            let available_mode_count: NSUInteger = msg_send![available_modes, count];
+    pub fn video_modes(&self) -> impl Iterator<Item = VideoMode> {
+        // Use Ord impl of RootVideoMode
+        let modes: BTreeSet<_> = self
+            .uiscreen
+            .availableModes()
+            .into_iter()
+            .map(|mode| {
+                let mode: *const UIScreenMode = mode;
+                let mode = unsafe { Id::retain(mode as *mut UIScreenMode).unwrap() };
 
-            for i in 0..available_mode_count {
-                let mode: id = msg_send![available_modes, objectAtIndex: i];
-                modes.insert(RootVideoMode {
-                    video_mode: VideoMode::retained_new(self.uiscreen, mode),
-                });
-            }
-        }
+                RootVideoMode {
+                    video_mode: VideoMode::new(self.uiscreen.clone(), mode),
+                }
+            })
+            .collect();
 
-        modes.into_iter()
+        modes.into_iter().map(|mode| mode.video_mode)
     }
 }
 
-fn refresh_rate_millihertz(uiscreen: id) -> u32 {
-    let refresh_rate_millihertz: NSInteger = unsafe {
+fn refresh_rate_millihertz(uiscreen: &UIScreen) -> u32 {
+    let refresh_rate_millihertz: NSInteger = {
         let os_capabilities = app_state::os_capabilities();
         if os_capabilities.maximum_frames_per_second {
-            msg_send![uiscreen, maximumFramesPerSecond]
+            uiscreen.maximumFramesPerSecond()
         } else {
             // https://developer.apple.com/library/archive/technotes/tn2460/_index.html
             // https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPad_Pro#Model_comparison
@@ -271,43 +222,25 @@ fn refresh_rate_millihertz(uiscreen: id) -> u32 {
 
 // MonitorHandleExtIOS
 impl Inner {
-    pub fn ui_screen(&self) -> id {
-        self.uiscreen
+    pub(crate) fn ui_screen(&self) -> &Id<UIScreen, Shared> {
+        &self.uiscreen
     }
 
-    pub fn preferred_video_mode(&self) -> RootVideoMode {
-        unsafe {
-            let mode: id = msg_send![self.uiscreen, preferredMode];
-            RootVideoMode {
-                video_mode: VideoMode::retained_new(self.uiscreen, mode),
-            }
-        }
+    pub fn preferred_video_mode(&self) -> VideoMode {
+        VideoMode::new(
+            self.uiscreen.clone(),
+            self.uiscreen.preferredMode().unwrap(),
+        )
     }
 }
 
-// requires being run on main thread
-pub unsafe fn main_uiscreen() -> MonitorHandle {
-    let uiscreen: id = msg_send![class!(UIScreen), mainScreen];
-    MonitorHandle::retained_new(uiscreen)
-}
-
-// requires being run on main thread
-unsafe fn mirrored_uiscreen(monitor: &MonitorHandle) -> MonitorHandle {
-    let uiscreen: id = msg_send![monitor.uiscreen, mirroredScreen];
-    MonitorHandle::retained_new(uiscreen)
-}
-
-// requires being run on main thread
-pub unsafe fn uiscreens() -> VecDeque<MonitorHandle> {
-    let screens: id = msg_send![class!(UIScreen), screens];
-    let count: NSUInteger = msg_send![screens, count];
-    let mut result = VecDeque::with_capacity(count as _);
-    let screens_enum: id = msg_send![screens, objectEnumerator];
-    loop {
-        let screen: id = msg_send![screens_enum, nextObject];
-        if screen == nil {
-            break result;
-        }
-        result.push_back(MonitorHandle::retained_new(screen));
-    }
+pub fn uiscreens(mtm: MainThreadMarker) -> VecDeque<MonitorHandle> {
+    UIScreen::screens(mtm)
+        .into_iter()
+        .map(|screen| {
+            let screen: *const UIScreen = screen;
+            let screen = unsafe { Id::retain(screen as *mut UIScreen).unwrap() };
+            MonitorHandle::new(screen)
+        })
+        .collect()
 }

src/platform_impl/ios/uikit/application.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+use objc2::foundation::{CGRect, MainThreadMarker, NSArray, NSObject};
+use objc2::rc::{Id, Shared};
+use objc2::{extern_class, extern_methods, msg_send_id, ClassType};
+
+use super::{UIResponder, UIWindow};
+
+extern_class!(
+    #[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
+    pub(crate) struct UIApplication;
+
+    unsafe impl ClassType for UIApplication {
+        #[inherits(NSObject)]
+        type Super = UIResponder;
+    }
+);
+
+extern_methods!(
+    unsafe impl UIApplication {
+        pub fn shared(_mtm: MainThreadMarker) -> Option<Id<Self, Shared>> {
+            unsafe { msg_send_id![Self::class(), sharedApplication] }
+        }
+
+        pub fn windows(&self) -> Id<NSArray<UIWindow, Shared>, Shared> {
+            unsafe { msg_send_id![self, windows] }
+        }
+
+        #[sel(statusBarFrame)]
+        pub fn statusBarFrame(&self) -> CGRect;
+    }
+);

src/platform_impl/ios/uikit/coordinate_space.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+use objc2::foundation::NSObject;
+use objc2::{extern_class, ClassType};
+
+extern_class!(
+    #[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
+    pub(crate) struct UICoordinateSpace;
+
+    unsafe impl ClassType for UICoordinateSpace {
+        type Super = NSObject;
+    }
+);

src/platform_impl/ios/uikit/device.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+use objc2::foundation::{MainThreadMarker, NSObject};
+use objc2::rc::{Id, Shared};
+use objc2::{extern_class, extern_methods, msg_send_id, ClassType};
+
+use super::super::ffi::UIUserInterfaceIdiom;
+
+extern_class!(
+    #[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
+    pub(crate) struct UIDevice;
+
+    unsafe impl ClassType for UIDevice {
+        type Super = NSObject;
+    }
+);
+
+extern_methods!(
+    unsafe impl UIDevice {
+        pub fn current(_mtm: MainThreadMarker) -> Id<Self, Shared> {
+            unsafe { msg_send_id![Self::class(), currentDevice] }
+        }
+
+        #[sel(userInterfaceIdiom)]
+        pub fn userInterfaceIdiom(&self) -> UIUserInterfaceIdiom;
+    }
+);

src/platform_impl/ios/uikit/event.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+use objc2::foundation::NSObject;
+use objc2::{extern_class, ClassType};
+
+extern_class!(
+    #[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
+    pub(crate) struct UIEvent;
+
+    unsafe impl ClassType for UIEvent {
+        type Super = NSObject;
+    }
+);

src/platform_impl/ios/uikit/mod.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+#![deny(unsafe_op_in_unsafe_fn)]
+#![allow(non_snake_case)]
+#![allow(non_upper_case_globals)]
+
+use std::os::raw::{c_char, c_int};
+
+use objc2::foundation::NSString;
+
+mod application;
+mod coordinate_space;
+mod device;
+mod event;
+mod responder;
+mod screen;
+mod screen_mode;
+mod touch;
+mod trait_collection;
+mod view;
+mod view_controller;
+mod window;
+
+pub(crate) use self::application::UIApplication;
+pub(crate) use self::coordinate_space::UICoordinateSpace;
+pub(crate) use self::device::UIDevice;
+pub(crate) use self::event::UIEvent;
+pub(crate) use self::responder::UIResponder;
+pub(crate) use self::screen::{UIScreen, UIScreenOverscanCompensation};
+pub(crate) use self::screen_mode::UIScreenMode;
+pub(crate) use self::touch::{UITouch, UITouchPhase, UITouchType};
+pub(crate) use self::trait_collection::{UIForceTouchCapability, UITraitCollection};
+#[allow(unused_imports)]
+pub(crate) use self::view::{UIEdgeInsets, UIView};
+pub(crate) use self::view_controller::{UIInterfaceOrientationMask, UIViewController};
+pub(crate) use self::window::UIWindow;
+
+#[link(name = "UIKit", kind = "framework")]
+extern "C" {
+    pub fn UIApplicationMain(
+        argc: c_int,
+        argv: *const c_char,
+        principalClassName: Option<&NSString>,
+        delegateClassName: Option<&NSString>,
+    ) -> c_int;
+}

src/platform_impl/ios/uikit/responder.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+use objc2::foundation::NSObject;
+use objc2::{extern_class, ClassType};
+
+extern_class!(
+    #[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
+    pub(crate) struct UIResponder;
+
+    unsafe impl ClassType for UIResponder {
+        type Super = NSObject;
+    }
+);

src/platform_impl/ios/uikit/screen.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+use objc2::encode::{Encode, Encoding};
+use objc2::foundation::{CGFloat, CGRect, MainThreadMarker, NSArray, NSInteger, NSObject};
+use objc2::rc::{Id, Shared};
+use objc2::{extern_class, extern_methods, msg_send_id, ClassType};
+
+use super::{UICoordinateSpace, UIScreenMode};
+
+extern_class!(
+    #[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
+    pub(crate) struct UIScreen;
+
+    unsafe impl ClassType for UIScreen {
+        type Super = NSObject;
+    }
+);
+
+extern_methods!(
+    unsafe impl UIScreen {
+        pub fn main(_mtm: MainThreadMarker) -> Id<Self, Shared> {
+            unsafe { msg_send_id![Self::class(), mainScreen] }
+        }
+
+        pub fn screens(_mtm: MainThreadMarker) -> Id<NSArray<Self, Shared>, Shared> {
+            unsafe { msg_send_id![Self::class(), screens] }
+        }
+
+        #[sel(bounds)]
+        pub fn bounds(&self) -> CGRect;
+
+        #[sel(scale)]
+        pub fn scale(&self) -> CGFloat;
+
+        #[sel(nativeBounds)]
+        pub fn nativeBounds(&self) -> CGRect;
+
+        #[sel(nativeScale)]
+        pub fn nativeScale(&self) -> CGFloat;
+
+        #[sel(maximumFramesPerSecond)]
+        pub fn maximumFramesPerSecond(&self) -> NSInteger;
+
+        pub fn mirroredScreen(&self) -> Id<Self, Shared> {
+            unsafe { msg_send_id![Self::class(), mirroredScreen] }
+        }
+
+        pub fn preferredMode(&self) -> Option<Id<UIScreenMode, Shared>> {
+            unsafe { msg_send_id![self, preferredMode] }
+        }
+
+        #[sel(setCurrentMode:)]
+        pub fn setCurrentMode(&self, mode: Option<&UIScreenMode>);
+
+        pub fn availableModes(&self) -> Id<NSArray<UIScreenMode, Shared>, Shared> {
+            unsafe { msg_send_id![self, availableModes] }
+        }
+
+        #[sel(setOverscanCompensation:)]
+        pub fn setOverscanCompensation(&self, overscanCompensation: UIScreenOverscanCompensation);
+
+        pub fn coordinateSpace(&self) -> Id<UICoordinateSpace, Shared> {
+            unsafe { msg_send_id![self, coordinateSpace] }
+        }
+    }
+);
+
+#[repr(transparent)]
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub struct UIScreenOverscanCompensation(NSInteger);
+
+unsafe impl Encode for UIScreenOverscanCompensation {
+    const ENCODING: Encoding = NSInteger::ENCODING;
+}
+
+#[allow(dead_code)]
+impl UIScreenOverscanCompensation {
+    pub const Scale: Self = Self(0);
+    pub const InsetBounds: Self = Self(1);
+    pub const None: Self = Self(2);
+}

src/platform_impl/ios/uikit/screen_mode.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+use objc2::foundation::{CGSize, NSObject};
+use objc2::{extern_class, extern_methods, ClassType};
+
+extern_class!(
+    #[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
+    pub(crate) struct UIScreenMode;
+
+    unsafe impl ClassType for UIScreenMode {
+        type Super = NSObject;
+    }
+);
+
+extern_methods!(
+    unsafe impl UIScreenMode {
+        #[sel(size)]
+        pub fn size(&self) -> CGSize;
+    }
+);

src/platform_impl/ios/uikit/touch.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+use objc2::encode::{Encode, Encoding};
+use objc2::foundation::{CGFloat, CGPoint, NSInteger, NSObject};
+use objc2::{extern_class, extern_methods, ClassType};
+
+use super::UIView;
+
+extern_class!(
+    #[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
+    pub(crate) struct UITouch;
+
+    unsafe impl ClassType for UITouch {
+        type Super = NSObject;
+    }
+);
+
+extern_methods!(
+    unsafe impl UITouch {
+        #[sel(locationInView:)]
+        pub fn locationInView(&self, view: Option<&UIView>) -> CGPoint;
+
+        #[sel(type)]
+        pub fn type_(&self) -> UITouchType;
+
+        #[sel(force)]
+        pub fn force(&self) -> CGFloat;
+
+        #[sel(maximumPossibleForce)]
+        pub fn maximumPossibleForce(&self) -> CGFloat;
+
+        #[sel(altitudeAngle)]
+        pub fn altitudeAngle(&self) -> CGFloat;
+
+        #[sel(phase)]
+        pub fn phase(&self) -> UITouchPhase;
+    }
+);
+
+#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
+#[allow(dead_code)]
+#[repr(isize)]
+pub enum UITouchType {
+    Direct = 0,
+    Indirect,
+    Pencil,
+}
+
+unsafe impl Encode for UITouchType {
+    const ENCODING: Encoding = NSInteger::ENCODING;
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+#[allow(dead_code)]
+#[repr(isize)]
+pub enum UITouchPhase {
+    Began = 0,
+    Moved,
+    Stationary,
+    Ended,
+    Cancelled,
+}
+
+unsafe impl Encode for UITouchPhase {
+    const ENCODING: Encoding = NSInteger::ENCODING;
+}

src/platform_impl/ios/uikit/trait_collection.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+use objc2::encode::{Encode, Encoding};
+use objc2::foundation::{NSInteger, NSObject};
+use objc2::{extern_class, extern_methods, ClassType};
+
+extern_class!(
+    #[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
+    pub(crate) struct UITraitCollection;
+
+    unsafe impl ClassType for UITraitCollection {
+        type Super = NSObject;
+    }
+);
+
+extern_methods!(
+    unsafe impl UITraitCollection {
+        #[sel(forceTouchCapability)]
+        pub fn forceTouchCapability(&self) -> UIForceTouchCapability;
+    }
+);
+
+#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
+#[allow(dead_code)]
+#[repr(isize)]
+pub enum UIForceTouchCapability {
+    Unknown = 0,
+    Unavailable,
+    Available,
+}
+
+unsafe impl Encode for UIForceTouchCapability {
+    const ENCODING: Encoding = NSInteger::ENCODING;
+}

src/platform_impl/ios/uikit/view.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+use objc2::encode::{Encode, Encoding};
+use objc2::foundation::{CGFloat, CGRect, NSObject};
+use objc2::rc::{Id, Shared};
+use objc2::{extern_class, extern_methods, msg_send_id, ClassType};
+
+use super::{UICoordinateSpace, UIResponder, UIViewController};
+
+extern_class!(
+    #[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
+    pub(crate) struct UIView;
+
+    unsafe impl ClassType for UIView {
+        #[inherits(NSObject)]
+        type Super = UIResponder;
+    }
+);
+
+extern_methods!(
+    unsafe impl UIView {
+        #[sel(bounds)]
+        pub fn bounds(&self) -> CGRect;
+
+        #[sel(setBounds:)]
+        pub fn setBounds(&self, value: CGRect);
+
+        #[sel(frame)]
+        pub fn frame(&self) -> CGRect;
+
+        #[sel(setFrame:)]
+        pub fn setFrame(&self, value: CGRect);
+
+        #[sel(contentScaleFactor)]
+        pub fn contentScaleFactor(&self) -> CGFloat;
+
+        #[sel(setContentScaleFactor:)]
+        pub fn setContentScaleFactor(&self, val: CGFloat);
+
+        #[sel(setMultipleTouchEnabled:)]
+        pub fn setMultipleTouchEnabled(&self, val: bool);
+
+        pub fn rootViewController(&self) -> Option<Id<UIViewController, Shared>> {
+            unsafe { msg_send_id![self, rootViewController] }
+        }
+
+        #[sel(setRootViewController:)]
+        pub fn setRootViewController(&self, rootViewController: Option<&UIViewController>);
+
+        #[sel(convertRect:toCoordinateSpace:)]
+        pub fn convertRect_toCoordinateSpace(
+            &self,
+            rect: CGRect,
+            coordinateSpace: &UICoordinateSpace,
+        ) -> CGRect;
+
+        #[sel(convertRect:fromCoordinateSpace:)]
+        pub fn convertRect_fromCoordinateSpace(
+            &self,
+            rect: CGRect,
+            coordinateSpace: &UICoordinateSpace,
+        ) -> CGRect;
+
+        #[sel(safeAreaInsets)]
+        pub fn safeAreaInsets(&self) -> UIEdgeInsets;
+
+        #[sel(setNeedsDisplay)]
+        pub fn setNeedsDisplay(&self);
+    }
+);
+
+#[repr(C)]
+#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+pub struct UIEdgeInsets {
+    pub top: CGFloat,
+    pub left: CGFloat,
+    pub bottom: CGFloat,
+    pub right: CGFloat,
+}
+
+unsafe impl Encode for UIEdgeInsets {
+    const ENCODING: Encoding = Encoding::Struct(
+        "UIEdgeInsets",
+        &[
+            CGFloat::ENCODING,
+            CGFloat::ENCODING,
+            CGFloat::ENCODING,
+            CGFloat::ENCODING,
+        ],
+    );
+}

src/platform_impl/ios/uikit/view_controller.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+use objc2::encode::{Encode, Encoding};
+use objc2::foundation::{NSObject, NSUInteger};
+use objc2::rc::{Id, Shared};
+use objc2::{extern_class, extern_methods, msg_send_id, ClassType};
+
+use super::{UIResponder, UIView};
+
+extern_class!(
+    #[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
+    pub(crate) struct UIViewController;
+
+    unsafe impl ClassType for UIViewController {
+        #[inherits(NSObject)]
+        type Super = UIResponder;
+    }
+);
+
+extern_methods!(
+    unsafe impl UIViewController {
+        #[sel(attemptRotationToDeviceOrientation)]
+        pub fn attemptRotationToDeviceOrientation();
+
+        #[sel(setNeedsStatusBarAppearanceUpdate)]
+        pub fn setNeedsStatusBarAppearanceUpdate(&self);
+
+        #[sel(setNeedsUpdateOfHomeIndicatorAutoHidden)]
+        pub fn setNeedsUpdateOfHomeIndicatorAutoHidden(&self);
+
+        #[sel(setNeedsUpdateOfScreenEdgesDeferringSystemGestures)]
+        pub fn setNeedsUpdateOfScreenEdgesDeferringSystemGestures(&self);
+
+        pub fn view(&self) -> Option<Id<UIView, Shared>> {
+            unsafe { msg_send_id![self, view] }
+        }
+
+        #[sel(setView:)]
+        pub fn setView(&self, view: Option<&UIView>);
+    }
+);
+
+bitflags! {
+    pub struct UIInterfaceOrientationMask: NSUInteger {
+        const Portrait = 1 << 1;
+        const PortraitUpsideDown = 1 << 2;
+        const LandscapeRight = 1 << 3;
+        const LandscapeLeft = 1 << 4;
+        const Landscape = Self::LandscapeLeft.bits() | Self::LandscapeRight.bits();
+        const AllButUpsideDown = Self::Landscape.bits() | Self::Portrait.bits();
+        const All = Self::AllButUpsideDown.bits() | Self::PortraitUpsideDown.bits();
+    }
+}
+
+unsafe impl Encode for UIInterfaceOrientationMask {
+    const ENCODING: Encoding = NSUInteger::ENCODING;
+}

src/platform_impl/ios/uikit/window.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+use objc2::foundation::NSObject;
+use objc2::rc::{Id, Shared};
+use objc2::{extern_class, extern_methods, msg_send_id, ClassType};
+
+use super::{UIResponder, UIScreen, UIView};
+
+extern_class!(
+    #[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
+    pub(crate) struct UIWindow;
+
+    unsafe impl ClassType for UIWindow {
+        #[inherits(UIResponder, NSObject)]
+        type Super = UIView;
+    }
+);
+
+extern_methods!(
+    unsafe impl UIWindow {
+        pub fn screen(&self) -> Id<UIScreen, Shared> {
+            unsafe { msg_send_id![self, screen] }
+        }
+
+        #[sel(setScreen:)]
+        pub fn setScreen(&self, screen: &UIScreen);
+
+        #[sel(setHidden:)]
+        pub fn setHidden(&self, flag: bool);
+
+        #[sel(makeKeyAndVisible)]
+        pub fn makeKeyAndVisible(&self);
+
+        #[sel(isKeyWindow)]
+        pub fn isKeyWindow(&self) -> bool;
+    }
+);

src/platform_impl/ios/window.rs

@@ -1,64 +1,55 @@
+#![allow(clippy::unnecessary_cast)]
+
 use std::{
     collections::VecDeque,
+    ffi::c_void,
     ops::{Deref, DerefMut},
 };
 
-use objc::runtime::{Class, Object, BOOL, NO, YES};
+use objc2::foundation::{CGFloat, CGPoint, CGRect, CGSize, MainThreadMarker};
+use objc2::rc::{Id, Shared};
+use objc2::runtime::Object;
+use objc2::{class, msg_send};
 use raw_window_handle::{RawDisplayHandle, RawWindowHandle, UiKitDisplayHandle, UiKitWindowHandle};
 
+use super::uikit::{UIApplication, UIScreen, UIScreenOverscanCompensation};
+use super::view::{WinitUIWindow, WinitView, WinitViewController};
 use crate::{
     dpi::{self, LogicalPosition, LogicalSize, PhysicalPosition, PhysicalSize, Position, Size},
     error::{ExternalError, NotSupportedError, OsError as RootOsError},
     event::{Event, WindowEvent},
     icon::Icon,
-    monitor::MonitorHandle as RootMonitorHandle,
-    platform::ios::{MonitorHandleExtIOS, ScreenEdge, ValidOrientations},
+    platform::ios::{ScreenEdge, ValidOrientations},
     platform_impl::platform::{
         app_state,
-        event_loop::{self, EventProxy, EventWrapper},
-        ffi::{
-            id, CGFloat, CGPoint, CGRect, CGSize, UIEdgeInsets, UIInterfaceOrientationMask,
-            UIRectEdge, UIScreenOverscanCompensation,
-        },
-        monitor, view, EventLoopWindowTarget, MonitorHandle,
+        event_loop::{EventProxy, EventWrapper},
+        ffi::UIRectEdge,
+        monitor, EventLoopWindowTarget, Fullscreen, MonitorHandle,
     },
     window::{
-        CursorGrabMode, CursorIcon, Fullscreen, UserAttentionType, WindowAttributes,
-        WindowId as RootWindowId,
+        CursorGrabMode, CursorIcon, ImePurpose, ResizeDirection, Theme, UserAttentionType,
+        WindowAttributes, WindowButtons, WindowId as RootWindowId, WindowLevel,
     },
 };
 
 pub struct Inner {
-    pub window: id,
-    pub view_controller: id,
-    pub view: id,
+    pub(crate) window: Id<WinitUIWindow, Shared>,
+    pub(crate) view_controller: Id<WinitViewController, Shared>,
+    pub(crate) view: Id<WinitView, Shared>,
     gl_or_metal_backed: bool,
 }
 
-impl Drop for Inner {
-    fn drop(&mut self) {
-        unsafe {
-            let _: () = msg_send![self.view, release];
-            let _: () = msg_send![self.view_controller, release];
-            let _: () = msg_send![self.window, release];
-        }
-    }
-}
-
 impl Inner {
     pub fn set_title(&self, _title: &str) {
         debug!("`Window::set_title` is ignored on iOS")
     }
 
+    pub fn set_transparent(&self, _transparent: bool) {
+        debug!("`Window::set_transparent` is ignored on iOS")
+    }
+
     pub fn set_visible(&self, visible: bool) {
-        match visible {
-            true => unsafe {
-                let _: () = msg_send![self.window, setHidden: NO];
-            },
-            false => unsafe {
-                let _: () = msg_send![self.window, setHidden: YES];
-            },
-        }
+        self.window.setHidden(!visible)
     }
 
     pub fn is_visible(&self) -> Option<bool> {
@@ -77,9 +68,9 @@ impl Inner {
                 // testing.
                 //
                 // https://developer.apple.com/documentation/uikit/uiview/1622437-setneedsdisplay?language=objc
-                app_state::queue_gl_or_metal_redraw(self.window);
+                app_state::queue_gl_or_metal_redraw(self.window.clone());
             } else {
-                let _: () = msg_send![self.view, setNeedsDisplay];
+                self.view.setNeedsDisplay();
             }
         }
     }
@@ -121,7 +112,7 @@ impl Inner {
                 size: screen_frame.size,
             };
             let bounds = self.rect_from_screen_space(new_screen_frame);
-            let _: () = msg_send![self.window, setBounds: bounds];
+            self.window.setBounds(bounds);
         }
     }
 
@@ -161,6 +152,15 @@ impl Inner {
         warn!("`Window::set_max_inner_size` is ignored on iOS")
     }
 
+    pub fn resize_increments(&self) -> Option<PhysicalSize<u32>> {
+        None
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn set_resize_increments(&self, _increments: Option<Size>) {
+        warn!("`Window::set_resize_increments` is ignored on iOS")
+    }
+
     pub fn set_resizable(&self, _resizable: bool) {
         warn!("`Window::set_resizable` is ignored on iOS")
     }
@@ -170,11 +170,19 @@ impl Inner {
         false
     }
 
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn set_enabled_buttons(&self, _buttons: WindowButtons) {
+        warn!("`Window::set_enabled_buttons` is ignored on iOS");
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn enabled_buttons(&self) -> WindowButtons {
+        warn!("`Window::enabled_buttons` is ignored on iOS");
+        WindowButtons::all()
+    }
+
     pub fn scale_factor(&self) -> f64 {
-        unsafe {
-            let hidpi: CGFloat = msg_send![self.view, contentScaleFactor];
-            hidpi as _
-        }
+        self.view.contentScaleFactor() as _
     }
 
     pub fn set_cursor_icon(&self, _cursor: CursorIcon) {
@@ -197,6 +205,10 @@ impl Inner {
         Err(ExternalError::NotSupported(NotSupportedError::new()))
     }
 
+    pub fn drag_resize_window(&self, _direction: ResizeDirection) -> Result<(), ExternalError> {
+        Err(ExternalError::NotSupported(NotSupportedError::new()))
+    }
+
     pub fn set_cursor_hittest(&self, _hittest: bool) -> Result<(), ExternalError> {
         Err(ExternalError::NotSupported(NotSupportedError::new()))
     }
@@ -205,6 +217,11 @@ impl Inner {
         warn!("`Window::set_minimized` is ignored on iOS")
     }
 
+    pub fn is_minimized(&self) -> Option<bool> {
+        warn!("`Window::is_minimized` is ignored on iOS");
+        None
+    }
+
     pub fn set_maximized(&self, _maximized: bool) {
         warn!("`Window::set_maximized` is ignored on iOS")
     }
@@ -214,49 +231,42 @@ impl Inner {
         false
     }
 
-    pub fn set_fullscreen(&self, monitor: Option<Fullscreen>) {
-        unsafe {
-            let uiscreen = match monitor {
-                Some(Fullscreen::Exclusive(video_mode)) => {
-                    let uiscreen = video_mode.video_mode.monitor.ui_screen() as id;
-                    let _: () =
-                        msg_send![uiscreen, setCurrentMode: video_mode.video_mode.screen_mode.0];
-                    uiscreen
-                }
-                Some(Fullscreen::Borderless(monitor)) => monitor
-                    .unwrap_or_else(|| self.current_monitor_inner())
-                    .ui_screen() as id,
-                None => {
-                    warn!("`Window::set_fullscreen(None)` ignored on iOS");
-                    return;
-                }
-            };
-
-            // this is pretty slow on iOS, so avoid doing it if we can
-            let current: id = msg_send![self.window, screen];
-            if uiscreen != current {
-                let _: () = msg_send![self.window, setScreen: uiscreen];
+    pub(crate) fn set_fullscreen(&self, monitor: Option<Fullscreen>) {
+        let uiscreen = match &monitor {
+            Some(Fullscreen::Exclusive(video_mode)) => {
+                let uiscreen = video_mode.monitor.ui_screen();
+                uiscreen.setCurrentMode(Some(&video_mode.screen_mode.0));
+                uiscreen.clone()
             }
+            Some(Fullscreen::Borderless(Some(monitor))) => monitor.ui_screen().clone(),
+            Some(Fullscreen::Borderless(None)) => self.current_monitor_inner().ui_screen().clone(),
+            None => {
+                warn!("`Window::set_fullscreen(None)` ignored on iOS");
+                return;
+            }
+        };
 
-            let bounds: CGRect = msg_send![uiscreen, bounds];
-            let _: () = msg_send![self.window, setFrame: bounds];
-
-            // For external displays, we must disable overscan compensation or
-            // the displayed image will have giant black bars surrounding it on
-            // each side
-            let _: () = msg_send![
-                uiscreen,
-                setOverscanCompensation: UIScreenOverscanCompensation::None
-            ];
+        // this is pretty slow on iOS, so avoid doing it if we can
+        let current = self.window.screen();
+        if uiscreen != current {
+            self.window.setScreen(&uiscreen);
         }
+
+        let bounds = uiscreen.bounds();
+        self.window.setFrame(bounds);
+
+        // For external displays, we must disable overscan compensation or
+        // the displayed image will have giant black bars surrounding it on
+        // each side
+        uiscreen.setOverscanCompensation(UIScreenOverscanCompensation::None);
     }
 
-    pub fn fullscreen(&self) -> Option<Fullscreen> {
+    pub(crate) fn fullscreen(&self) -> Option<Fullscreen> {
         unsafe {
             let monitor = self.current_monitor_inner();
-            let uiscreen = monitor.inner.ui_screen();
+            let uiscreen = monitor.ui_screen();
             let screen_space_bounds = self.screen_frame();
-            let screen_bounds: CGRect = msg_send![uiscreen, bounds];
+            let screen_bounds = uiscreen.bounds();
 
             // TODO: track fullscreen instead of relying on brittle float comparisons
             if screen_space_bounds.origin.x == screen_bounds.origin.x
@@ -271,17 +281,14 @@ impl Inner {
         }
     }
 
-    pub fn set_decorations(&self, _decorations: bool) {
-        warn!("`Window::set_decorations` is ignored on iOS")
-    }
+    pub fn set_decorations(&self, _decorations: bool) {}
 
     pub fn is_decorated(&self) -> bool {
-        warn!("`Window::is_decorated` is ignored on iOS");
         true
     }
 
-    pub fn set_always_on_top(&self, _always_on_top: bool) {
-        warn!("`Window::set_always_on_top` is ignored on iOS")
+    pub fn set_window_level(&self, _level: WindowLevel) {
+        warn!("`Window::set_window_level` is ignored on iOS")
     }
 
     pub fn set_window_icon(&self, _icon: Option<Icon>) {
@@ -296,6 +303,10 @@ impl Inner {
         warn!("`Window::set_ime_allowed` is ignored on iOS")
     }
 
+    pub fn set_ime_purpose(&self, _purpose: ImePurpose) {
+        warn!("`Window::set_ime_allowed` is ignored on iOS")
+    }
+
     pub fn focus_window(&self) {
         warn!("`Window::set_focus` is ignored on iOS")
     }
@@ -305,43 +316,58 @@ impl Inner {
     }
 
     // Allow directly accessing the current monitor internally without unwrapping.
-    fn current_monitor_inner(&self) -> RootMonitorHandle {
-        unsafe {
-            let uiscreen: id = msg_send![self.window, screen];
-            RootMonitorHandle {
-                inner: MonitorHandle::retained_new(uiscreen),
-            }
-        }
+    fn current_monitor_inner(&self) -> MonitorHandle {
+        MonitorHandle::new(self.window.screen())
     }
 
-    pub fn current_monitor(&self) -> Option<RootMonitorHandle> {
+    pub fn current_monitor(&self) -> Option<MonitorHandle> {
         Some(self.current_monitor_inner())
     }
 
     pub fn available_monitors(&self) -> VecDeque<MonitorHandle> {
-        unsafe { monitor::uiscreens() }
+        monitor::uiscreens(MainThreadMarker::new().unwrap())
     }
 
-    pub fn primary_monitor(&self) -> Option<RootMonitorHandle> {
-        let monitor = unsafe { monitor::main_uiscreen() };
-        Some(RootMonitorHandle { inner: monitor })
+    pub fn primary_monitor(&self) -> Option<MonitorHandle> {
+        Some(MonitorHandle::new(UIScreen::main(
+            MainThreadMarker::new().unwrap(),
+        )))
     }
 
     pub fn id(&self) -> WindowId {
-        self.window.into()
+        self.window.id()
     }
 
     pub fn raw_window_handle(&self) -> RawWindowHandle {
         let mut window_handle = UiKitWindowHandle::empty();
-        window_handle.ui_window = self.window as _;
-        window_handle.ui_view = self.view as _;
-        window_handle.ui_view_controller = self.view_controller as _;
+        window_handle.ui_window = Id::as_ptr(&self.window) as _;
+        window_handle.ui_view = Id::as_ptr(&self.view) as _;
+        window_handle.ui_view_controller = Id::as_ptr(&self.view_controller) as _;
         RawWindowHandle::UiKit(window_handle)
     }
 
     pub fn raw_display_handle(&self) -> RawDisplayHandle {
         RawDisplayHandle::UiKit(UiKitDisplayHandle::empty())
     }
+
+    pub fn theme(&self) -> Option<Theme> {
+        warn!("`Window::theme` is ignored on iOS");
+        None
+    }
+
+    pub fn has_focus(&self) -> bool {
+        self.window.isKeyWindow()
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn set_theme(&self, _theme: Option<Theme>) {
+        warn!("`Window::set_theme` is ignored on iOS");
+    }
+
+    pub fn title(&self) -> String {
+        warn!("`Window::title` is ignored on iOS");
+        String::new()
+    }
 }
 
 pub struct Window {
@@ -350,9 +376,7 @@ pub struct Window {
 
 impl Drop for Window {
     fn drop(&mut self) {
-        unsafe {
-            assert_main_thread!("`Window::drop` can only be run on the main thread on iOS");
-        }
+        assert_main_thread!("`Window::drop` can only be run on the main thread on iOS");
     }
 }
 
@@ -363,18 +387,14 @@ impl Deref for Window {
     type Target = Inner;
 
     fn deref(&self) -> &Inner {
-        unsafe {
-            assert_main_thread!("`Window` methods can only be run on the main thread on iOS");
-        }
+        assert_main_thread!("`Window` methods can only be run on the main thread on iOS");
         &self.inner
     }
 }
 
 impl DerefMut for Window {
     fn deref_mut(&mut self) -> &mut Inner {
-        unsafe {
-            assert_main_thread!("`Window` methods can only be run on the main thread on iOS");
-        }
+        assert_main_thread!("`Window` methods can only be run on the main thread on iOS");
         &mut self.inner
     }
 }
@@ -385,210 +405,174 @@ impl Window {
         window_attributes: WindowAttributes,
         platform_attributes: PlatformSpecificWindowBuilderAttributes,
     ) -> Result<Window, RootOsError> {
+        let mtm = MainThreadMarker::new().unwrap();
+
         if window_attributes.min_inner_size.is_some() {
             warn!("`WindowAttributes::min_inner_size` is ignored on iOS");
         }
         if window_attributes.max_inner_size.is_some() {
             warn!("`WindowAttributes::max_inner_size` is ignored on iOS");
         }
-        if window_attributes.always_on_top {
-            warn!("`WindowAttributes::always_on_top` is unsupported on iOS");
-        }
+
         // TODO: transparency, visible
 
-        unsafe {
-            let screen = match window_attributes.fullscreen {
-                Some(Fullscreen::Exclusive(ref video_mode)) => {
-                    video_mode.video_mode.monitor.ui_screen() as id
-                }
-                Some(Fullscreen::Borderless(Some(ref monitor))) => monitor.inner.ui_screen(),
-                Some(Fullscreen::Borderless(None)) | None => {
-                    monitor::main_uiscreen().ui_screen() as id
+        let main_screen = UIScreen::main(mtm);
+        let fullscreen = window_attributes.fullscreen.clone().map(Into::into);
+        let screen = match fullscreen {
+            Some(Fullscreen::Exclusive(ref video_mode)) => video_mode.monitor.ui_screen(),
+            Some(Fullscreen::Borderless(Some(ref monitor))) => monitor.ui_screen(),
+            Some(Fullscreen::Borderless(None)) | None => &main_screen,
+        };
+
+        let screen_bounds = screen.bounds();
+
+        let frame = match window_attributes.inner_size {
+            Some(dim) => {
+                let scale_factor = screen.scale();
+                let size = dim.to_logical::<f64>(scale_factor as f64);
+                CGRect {
+                    origin: screen_bounds.origin,
+                    size: CGSize {
+                        width: size.width as _,
+                        height: size.height as _,
+                    },
                 }
+            }
+            None => screen_bounds,
+        };
+
+        let view = WinitView::new(mtm, &window_attributes, &platform_attributes, frame);
+
+        let gl_or_metal_backed = unsafe {
+            let layer_class = WinitView::layerClass();
+            let is_metal = msg_send![layer_class, isSubclassOfClass: class!(CAMetalLayer)];
+            let is_gl = msg_send![layer_class, isSubclassOfClass: class!(CAEAGLLayer)];
+            is_metal || is_gl
+        };
+
+        let view_controller =
+            WinitViewController::new(mtm, &window_attributes, &platform_attributes, &view);
+        let window = WinitUIWindow::new(
+            mtm,
+            &window_attributes,
+            &platform_attributes,
+            frame,
+            &view_controller,
+        );
+
+        unsafe { app_state::set_key_window(&window) };
+
+        // Like the Windows and macOS backends, we send a `ScaleFactorChanged` and `Resized`
+        // event on window creation if the DPI factor != 1.0
+        let scale_factor = view.contentScaleFactor();
+        let scale_factor = scale_factor as f64;
+        if scale_factor != 1.0 {
+            let bounds = view.bounds();
+            let screen = window.screen();
+            let screen_space = screen.coordinateSpace();
+            let screen_frame = view.convertRect_toCoordinateSpace(bounds, &screen_space);
+            let size = crate::dpi::LogicalSize {
+                width: screen_frame.size.width as _,
+                height: screen_frame.size.height as _,
             };
-
-            let screen_bounds: CGRect = msg_send![screen, bounds];
-
-            let frame = match window_attributes.inner_size {
-                Some(dim) => {
-                    let scale_factor = msg_send![screen, scale];
-                    let size = dim.to_logical::<f64>(scale_factor);
-                    CGRect {
-                        origin: screen_bounds.origin,
-                        size: CGSize {
-                            width: size.width as _,
-                            height: size.height as _,
-                        },
-                    }
-                }
-                None => screen_bounds,
-            };
-
-            let view = view::create_view(&window_attributes, &platform_attributes, frame);
-
-            let gl_or_metal_backed = {
-                let view_class: id = msg_send![view, class];
-                let layer_class: id = msg_send![view_class, layerClass];
-                let is_metal: BOOL =
-                    msg_send![layer_class, isSubclassOfClass: class!(CAMetalLayer)];
-                let is_gl: BOOL = msg_send![layer_class, isSubclassOfClass: class!(CAEAGLLayer)];
-                is_metal == YES || is_gl == YES
-            };
-
-            let view_controller =
-                view::create_view_controller(&window_attributes, &platform_attributes, view);
-            let window = view::create_window(
-                &window_attributes,
-                &platform_attributes,
-                frame,
-                view_controller,
-            );
-
-            let result = Window {
-                inner: Inner {
-                    window,
-                    view_controller,
-                    view,
-                    gl_or_metal_backed,
-                },
-            };
-            app_state::set_key_window(window);
-
-            // Like the Windows and macOS backends, we send a `ScaleFactorChanged` and `Resized`
-            // event on window creation if the DPI factor != 1.0
-            let scale_factor: CGFloat = msg_send![view, contentScaleFactor];
-            let scale_factor = scale_factor as f64;
-            if scale_factor != 1.0 {
-                let bounds: CGRect = msg_send![view, bounds];
-                let screen: id = msg_send![window, screen];
-                let screen_space: id = msg_send![screen, coordinateSpace];
-                let screen_frame: CGRect =
-                    msg_send![view, convertRect:bounds toCoordinateSpace:screen_space];
-                let size = crate::dpi::LogicalSize {
-                    width: screen_frame.size.width as _,
-                    height: screen_frame.size.height as _,
-                };
+            let window_id = RootWindowId(window.id());
+            unsafe {
                 app_state::handle_nonuser_events(
                     std::iter::once(EventWrapper::EventProxy(EventProxy::DpiChangedProxy {
-                        window_id: window,
+                        window: window.clone(),
                         scale_factor,
                         suggested_size: size,
                     }))
                     .chain(std::iter::once(EventWrapper::StaticEvent(
                         Event::WindowEvent {
-                            window_id: RootWindowId(window.into()),
+                            window_id,
                             event: WindowEvent::Resized(size.to_physical(scale_factor)),
                         },
                     ))),
                 );
             }
-
-            Ok(result)
         }
+
+        Ok(Window {
+            inner: Inner {
+                window,
+                view_controller,
+                view,
+                gl_or_metal_backed,
+            },
+        })
     }
 }
 
 // WindowExtIOS
 impl Inner {
-    pub fn ui_window(&self) -> id {
-        self.window
+    pub fn ui_window(&self) -> *mut c_void {
+        Id::as_ptr(&self.window) as *mut c_void
     }
-    pub fn ui_view_controller(&self) -> id {
-        self.view_controller
+    pub fn ui_view_controller(&self) -> *mut c_void {
+        Id::as_ptr(&self.view_controller) as *mut c_void
     }
-    pub fn ui_view(&self) -> id {
-        self.view
+    pub fn ui_view(&self) -> *mut c_void {
+        Id::as_ptr(&self.view) as *mut c_void
     }
 
     pub fn set_scale_factor(&self, scale_factor: f64) {
-        unsafe {
-            assert!(
-                dpi::validate_scale_factor(scale_factor),
-                "`WindowExtIOS::set_scale_factor` received an invalid hidpi factor"
-            );
-            let scale_factor = scale_factor as CGFloat;
-            let _: () = msg_send![self.view, setContentScaleFactor: scale_factor];
-        }
+        assert!(
+            dpi::validate_scale_factor(scale_factor),
+            "`WindowExtIOS::set_scale_factor` received an invalid hidpi factor"
+        );
+        let scale_factor = scale_factor as CGFloat;
+        self.view.setContentScaleFactor(scale_factor);
     }
 
     pub fn set_valid_orientations(&self, valid_orientations: ValidOrientations) {
-        unsafe {
-            let idiom = event_loop::get_idiom();
-            let supported_orientations = UIInterfaceOrientationMask::from_valid_orientations_idiom(
-                valid_orientations,
-                idiom,
-            );
-            msg_send![
-                self.view_controller,
-                setSupportedInterfaceOrientations: supported_orientations
-            ]
-        }
+        self.view_controller.set_supported_interface_orientations(
+            MainThreadMarker::new().unwrap(),
+            valid_orientations,
+        );
     }
 
     pub fn set_prefers_home_indicator_hidden(&self, hidden: bool) {
-        unsafe {
-            let prefers_home_indicator_hidden = if hidden { YES } else { NO };
-            let _: () = msg_send![
-                self.view_controller,
-                setPrefersHomeIndicatorAutoHidden: prefers_home_indicator_hidden
-            ];
-        }
+        self.view_controller
+            .setPrefersHomeIndicatorAutoHidden(hidden);
     }
 
     pub fn set_preferred_screen_edges_deferring_system_gestures(&self, edges: ScreenEdge) {
         let edges: UIRectEdge = edges.into();
-        unsafe {
-            let _: () = msg_send![
-                self.view_controller,
-                setPreferredScreenEdgesDeferringSystemGestures: edges
-            ];
-        }
+        self.view_controller
+            .setPreferredScreenEdgesDeferringSystemGestures(edges);
     }
 
     pub fn set_prefers_status_bar_hidden(&self, hidden: bool) {
-        unsafe {
-            let status_bar_hidden = if hidden { YES } else { NO };
-            let _: () = msg_send![
-                self.view_controller,
-                setPrefersStatusBarHidden: status_bar_hidden
-            ];
-        }
+        self.view_controller.setPrefersStatusBarHidden(hidden);
     }
 }
 
 impl Inner {
     // requires main thread
     unsafe fn screen_frame(&self) -> CGRect {
-        self.rect_to_screen_space(msg_send![self.window, bounds])
+        self.rect_to_screen_space(self.window.bounds())
     }
 
     // requires main thread
     unsafe fn rect_to_screen_space(&self, rect: CGRect) -> CGRect {
-        let screen: id = msg_send![self.window, screen];
-        if !screen.is_null() {
-            let screen_space: id = msg_send![screen, coordinateSpace];
-            msg_send![self.window, convertRect:rect toCoordinateSpace:screen_space]
-        } else {
-            rect
-        }
+        let screen_space = self.window.screen().coordinateSpace();
+        self.window
+            .convertRect_toCoordinateSpace(rect, &screen_space)
     }
 
     // requires main thread
     unsafe fn rect_from_screen_space(&self, rect: CGRect) -> CGRect {
-        let screen: id = msg_send![self.window, screen];
-        if !screen.is_null() {
-            let screen_space: id = msg_send![screen, coordinateSpace];
-            msg_send![self.window, convertRect:rect fromCoordinateSpace:screen_space]
-        } else {
-            rect
-        }
+        let screen_space = self.window.screen().coordinateSpace();
+        self.window
+            .convertRect_fromCoordinateSpace(rect, &screen_space)
     }
 
     // requires main thread
     unsafe fn safe_area_screen_space(&self) -> CGRect {
-        let bounds: CGRect = msg_send![self.window, bounds];
+        let bounds = self.window.bounds();
         if app_state::os_capabilities().safe_area {
-            let safe_area: UIEdgeInsets = msg_send![self.window, safeAreaInsets];
+            let safe_area = self.window.safeAreaInsets();
             let safe_bounds = CGRect {
                 origin: CGPoint {
                     x: bounds.origin.x + safe_area.left,
@@ -602,13 +586,11 @@ impl Inner {
             self.rect_to_screen_space(safe_bounds)
         } else {
             let screen_frame = self.rect_to_screen_space(bounds);
-            let status_bar_frame: CGRect = {
-                let app: id = msg_send![class!(UIApplication), sharedApplication];
-                assert!(
-                    !app.is_null(),
-                    "`Window::get_inner_position` cannot be called before `EventLoop::run` on iOS"
+            let status_bar_frame = {
+                let app = UIApplication::shared(MainThreadMarker::new().unwrap_unchecked()).expect(
+                    "`Window::get_inner_position` cannot be called before `EventLoop::run` on iOS",
                 );
-                msg_send![app, statusBarFrame]
+                app.statusBarFrame()
             };
             let (y, height) = if screen_frame.origin.y > status_bar_frame.size.height {
                 (screen_frame.origin.y, screen_frame.size.height)
@@ -634,7 +616,7 @@ impl Inner {
 
 #[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord, Hash)]
 pub struct WindowId {
-    window: id,
+    window: *mut WinitUIWindow,
 }
 
 impl WindowId {
@@ -670,39 +652,11 @@ impl From<&Object> for WindowId {
     }
 }
 
-impl From<&mut Object> for WindowId {
-    fn from(window: &mut Object) -> WindowId {
-        WindowId {
-            window: window as _,
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-impl From<id> for WindowId {
-    fn from(window: id) -> WindowId {
-        WindowId { window }
-    }
-}
-
-#[derive(Clone)]
+#[derive(Clone, Default)]
 pub struct PlatformSpecificWindowBuilderAttributes {
-    pub root_view_class: &'static Class,
     pub scale_factor: Option<f64>,
     pub valid_orientations: ValidOrientations,
     pub prefers_home_indicator_hidden: bool,
     pub prefers_status_bar_hidden: bool,
     pub preferred_screen_edges_deferring_system_gestures: ScreenEdge,
 }
-
-impl Default for PlatformSpecificWindowBuilderAttributes {
-    fn default() -> PlatformSpecificWindowBuilderAttributes {
-        PlatformSpecificWindowBuilderAttributes {
-            root_view_class: class!(UIView),
-            scale_factor: None,
-            valid_orientations: Default::default(),
-            prefers_home_indicator_hidden: false,
-            prefers_status_bar_hidden: false,
-            preferred_screen_edges_deferring_system_gestures: Default::default(),
-        }
-    }
-}

src/platform_impl/linux/mod.rs

@@ -1,35 +1,30 @@
-#![cfg(any(
-    target_os = "linux",
-    target_os = "dragonfly",
-    target_os = "freebsd",
-    target_os = "netbsd",
-    target_os = "openbsd"
-))]
+#![cfg(free_unix)]
 
-#[cfg(all(not(feature = "x11"), not(feature = "wayland")))]
+#[cfg(all(not(x11_platform), not(wayland_platform)))]
 compile_error!("Please select a feature to build for unix: `x11`, `wayland`");
 
-#[cfg(feature = "wayland")]
+#[cfg(wayland_platform)]
 use std::error::Error;
 
 use std::{collections::VecDeque, env, fmt};
-#[cfg(feature = "x11")]
-use std::{ffi::CStr, mem::MaybeUninit, os::raw::*, sync::Arc};
+#[cfg(x11_platform)]
+use std::{
+    ffi::CStr,
+    mem::MaybeUninit,
+    os::raw::*,
+    sync::{Arc, Mutex},
+};
 
-#[cfg(feature = "x11")]
+#[cfg(x11_platform)]
 use once_cell::sync::Lazy;
-#[cfg(feature = "x11")]
-use parking_lot::Mutex;
 use raw_window_handle::{RawDisplayHandle, RawWindowHandle};
 
-#[cfg(feature = "x11")]
+#[cfg(x11_platform)]
 pub use self::x11::XNotSupported;
-#[cfg(feature = "x11")]
+#[cfg(x11_platform)]
 use self::x11::{ffi::XVisualInfo, util::WindowType as XWindowType, XConnection, XError};
-#[cfg(feature = "x11")]
-use crate::platform::unix::XlibErrorHook;
-#[cfg(feature = "wayland")]
-use crate::window::Theme;
+#[cfg(x11_platform)]
+use crate::platform::x11::XlibErrorHook;
 use crate::{
     dpi::{PhysicalPosition, PhysicalSize, Position, Size},
     error::{ExternalError, NotSupportedError, OsError as RootOsError},
@@ -38,15 +33,18 @@ use crate::{
         ControlFlow, DeviceEventFilter, EventLoopClosed, EventLoopWindowTarget as RootELW,
     },
     icon::Icon,
-    monitor::{MonitorHandle as RootMonitorHandle, VideoMode as RootVideoMode},
-    window::{CursorGrabMode, CursorIcon, Fullscreen, UserAttentionType, WindowAttributes},
+    window::{
+        CursorGrabMode, CursorIcon, ImePurpose, ResizeDirection, Theme, UserAttentionType,
+        WindowAttributes, WindowButtons, WindowLevel,
+    },
 };
 
 pub(crate) use crate::icon::RgbaIcon as PlatformIcon;
+pub(self) use crate::platform_impl::Fullscreen;
 
-#[cfg(feature = "wayland")]
+#[cfg(wayland_platform)]
 pub mod wayland;
-#[cfg(feature = "x11")]
+#[cfg(x11_platform)]
 pub mod x11;
 
 /// Environment variable specifying which backend should be used on unix platform.
@@ -60,9 +58,9 @@ const BACKEND_PREFERENCE_ENV_VAR: &str = "WINIT_UNIX_BACKEND";
 
 #[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
 pub(crate) enum Backend {
-    #[cfg(feature = "x11")]
+    #[cfg(x11_platform)]
     X,
-    #[cfg(feature = "wayland")]
+    #[cfg(wayland_platform)]
     Wayland,
 }
 
@@ -87,79 +85,67 @@ impl ApplicationName {
 #[derive(Clone)]
 pub struct PlatformSpecificWindowBuilderAttributes {
     pub name: Option<ApplicationName>,
-    #[cfg(feature = "x11")]
+    #[cfg(x11_platform)]
     pub visual_infos: Option<XVisualInfo>,
-    #[cfg(feature = "x11")]
+    #[cfg(x11_platform)]
     pub screen_id: Option<i32>,
-    #[cfg(feature = "x11")]
-    pub resize_increments: Option<Size>,
-    #[cfg(feature = "x11")]
+    #[cfg(x11_platform)]
     pub base_size: Option<Size>,
-    #[cfg(feature = "x11")]
+    #[cfg(x11_platform)]
     pub override_redirect: bool,
-    #[cfg(feature = "x11")]
+    #[cfg(x11_platform)]
     pub x11_window_types: Vec<XWindowType>,
-    #[cfg(feature = "x11")]
-    pub gtk_theme_variant: Option<String>,
-    #[cfg(feature = "wayland")]
-    pub csd_theme: Option<Theme>,
 }
 
 impl Default for PlatformSpecificWindowBuilderAttributes {
     fn default() -> Self {
         Self {
             name: None,
-            #[cfg(feature = "x11")]
+            #[cfg(x11_platform)]
             visual_infos: None,
-            #[cfg(feature = "x11")]
+            #[cfg(x11_platform)]
             screen_id: None,
-            #[cfg(feature = "x11")]
-            resize_increments: None,
-            #[cfg(feature = "x11")]
+            #[cfg(x11_platform)]
             base_size: None,
-            #[cfg(feature = "x11")]
+            #[cfg(x11_platform)]
             override_redirect: false,
-            #[cfg(feature = "x11")]
+            #[cfg(x11_platform)]
             x11_window_types: vec![XWindowType::Normal],
-            #[cfg(feature = "x11")]
-            gtk_theme_variant: None,
-            #[cfg(feature = "wayland")]
-            csd_theme: None,
         }
     }
 }
 
-#[cfg(feature = "x11")]
-pub static X11_BACKEND: Lazy<Mutex<Result<Arc<XConnection>, XNotSupported>>> =
+#[cfg(x11_platform)]
+pub(crate) static X11_BACKEND: Lazy<Mutex<Result<Arc<XConnection>, XNotSupported>>> =
     Lazy::new(|| Mutex::new(XConnection::new(Some(x_error_callback)).map(Arc::new)));
 
 #[derive(Debug, Clone)]
 pub enum OsError {
-    #[cfg(feature = "x11")]
+    #[cfg(x11_platform)]
     XError(XError),
-    #[cfg(feature = "x11")]
+    #[cfg(x11_platform)]
     XMisc(&'static str),
-    #[cfg(feature = "wayland")]
+    #[cfg(wayland_platform)]
     WaylandMisc(&'static str),
 }
 
 impl fmt::Display for OsError {
     fn fmt(&self, _f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> Result<(), fmt::Error> {
         match *self {
-            #[cfg(feature = "x11")]
+            #[cfg(x11_platform)]
             OsError::XError(ref e) => _f.pad(&e.description),
-            #[cfg(feature = "x11")]
+            #[cfg(x11_platform)]
             OsError::XMisc(e) => _f.pad(e),
-            #[cfg(feature = "wayland")]
+            #[cfg(wayland_platform)]
             OsError::WaylandMisc(e) => _f.pad(e),
         }
     }
 }
 
-pub enum Window {
-    #[cfg(feature = "x11")]
+pub(crate) enum Window {
+    #[cfg(x11_platform)]
     X(x11::Window),
-    #[cfg(feature = "wayland")]
+    #[cfg(wayland_platform)]
     Wayland(wayland::Window),
 }
 
@@ -186,26 +172,26 @@ impl WindowId {
 
 #[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord, Hash)]
 pub enum DeviceId {
-    #[cfg(feature = "x11")]
+    #[cfg(x11_platform)]
     X(x11::DeviceId),
-    #[cfg(feature = "wayland")]
+    #[cfg(wayland_platform)]
     Wayland(wayland::DeviceId),
 }
 
 impl DeviceId {
     pub const unsafe fn dummy() -> Self {
-        #[cfg(feature = "wayland")]
+        #[cfg(wayland_platform)]
         return DeviceId::Wayland(wayland::DeviceId::dummy());
-        #[cfg(all(not(feature = "wayland"), feature = "x11"))]
+        #[cfg(all(not(wayland_platform), x11_platform))]
         return DeviceId::X(x11::DeviceId::dummy());
     }
 }
 
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord)]
 pub enum MonitorHandle {
-    #[cfg(feature = "x11")]
+    #[cfg(x11_platform)]
     X(x11::MonitorHandle),
-    #[cfg(feature = "wayland")]
+    #[cfg(wayland_platform)]
     Wayland(wayland::MonitorHandle),
 }
 
@@ -221,17 +207,17 @@ pub enum MonitorHandle {
 macro_rules! x11_or_wayland {
     (match $what:expr; $enum:ident ( $($c1:tt)* ) => $x:expr; as $enum2:ident ) => {
         match $what {
-            #[cfg(feature = "x11")]
+            #[cfg(x11_platform)]
             $enum::X($($c1)*) => $enum2::X($x),
-            #[cfg(feature = "wayland")]
+            #[cfg(wayland_platform)]
             $enum::Wayland($($c1)*) => $enum2::Wayland($x),
         }
     };
     (match $what:expr; $enum:ident ( $($c1:tt)* ) => $x:expr) => {
         match $what {
-            #[cfg(feature = "x11")]
+            #[cfg(x11_platform)]
             $enum::X($($c1)*) => $x,
-            #[cfg(feature = "wayland")]
+            #[cfg(wayland_platform)]
             $enum::Wayland($($c1)*) => $x,
         }
     };
@@ -265,20 +251,20 @@ impl MonitorHandle {
 
     #[inline]
     pub fn scale_factor(&self) -> f64 {
-        x11_or_wayland!(match self; MonitorHandle(m) => m.scale_factor() as f64)
+        x11_or_wayland!(match self; MonitorHandle(m) => m.scale_factor() as _)
     }
 
     #[inline]
-    pub fn video_modes(&self) -> Box<dyn Iterator<Item = RootVideoMode>> {
+    pub fn video_modes(&self) -> Box<dyn Iterator<Item = VideoMode>> {
         x11_or_wayland!(match self; MonitorHandle(m) => Box::new(m.video_modes()))
     }
 }
 
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
 pub enum VideoMode {
-    #[cfg(feature = "x11")]
+    #[cfg(x11_platform)]
     X(x11::VideoMode),
-    #[cfg(feature = "wayland")]
+    #[cfg(wayland_platform)]
     Wayland(wayland::VideoMode),
 }
 
@@ -299,7 +285,7 @@ impl VideoMode {
     }
 
     #[inline]
-    pub fn monitor(&self) -> RootMonitorHandle {
+    pub fn monitor(&self) -> MonitorHandle {
         x11_or_wayland!(match self; VideoMode(m) => m.monitor())
     }
 }
@@ -312,11 +298,11 @@ impl Window {
         pl_attribs: PlatformSpecificWindowBuilderAttributes,
     ) -> Result<Self, RootOsError> {
         match *window_target {
-            #[cfg(feature = "wayland")]
+            #[cfg(wayland_platform)]
             EventLoopWindowTarget::Wayland(ref window_target) => {
                 wayland::Window::new(window_target, attribs, pl_attribs).map(Window::Wayland)
             }
-            #[cfg(feature = "x11")]
+            #[cfg(x11_platform)]
             EventLoopWindowTarget::X(ref window_target) => {
                 x11::Window::new(window_target, attribs, pl_attribs).map(Window::X)
             }
@@ -326,9 +312,9 @@ impl Window {
     #[inline]
     pub fn id(&self) -> WindowId {
         match self {
-            #[cfg(feature = "wayland")]
+            #[cfg(wayland_platform)]
             Self::Wayland(window) => window.id(),
-            #[cfg(feature = "x11")]
+            #[cfg(x11_platform)]
             Self::X(window) => window.id(),
         }
     }
@@ -338,6 +324,11 @@ impl Window {
         x11_or_wayland!(match self; Window(w) => w.set_title(title));
     }
 
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn set_transparent(&self, transparent: bool) {
+        x11_or_wayland!(match self; Window(w) => w.set_transparent(transparent));
+    }
+
     #[inline]
     pub fn set_visible(&self, visible: bool) {
         x11_or_wayland!(match self; Window(w) => w.set_visible(visible))
@@ -388,6 +379,16 @@ impl Window {
         x11_or_wayland!(match self; Window(w) => w.set_max_inner_size(dimensions))
     }
 
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn resize_increments(&self) -> Option<PhysicalSize<u32>> {
+        x11_or_wayland!(match self; Window(w) => w.resize_increments())
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn set_resize_increments(&self, increments: Option<Size>) {
+        x11_or_wayland!(match self; Window(w) => w.set_resize_increments(increments))
+    }
+
     #[inline]
     pub fn set_resizable(&self, resizable: bool) {
         x11_or_wayland!(match self; Window(w) => w.set_resizable(resizable))
@@ -398,6 +399,16 @@ impl Window {
         x11_or_wayland!(match self; Window(w) => w.is_resizable())
     }
 
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn set_enabled_buttons(&self, buttons: WindowButtons) {
+        x11_or_wayland!(match self; Window(w) => w.set_enabled_buttons(buttons))
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn enabled_buttons(&self) -> WindowButtons {
+        x11_or_wayland!(match self; Window(w) => w.enabled_buttons())
+    }
+
     #[inline]
     pub fn set_cursor_icon(&self, cursor: CursorIcon) {
         x11_or_wayland!(match self; Window(w) => w.set_cursor_icon(cursor))
@@ -418,6 +429,11 @@ impl Window {
         x11_or_wayland!(match self; Window(window) => window.drag_window())
     }
 
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn drag_resize_window(&self, direction: ResizeDirection) -> Result<(), ExternalError> {
+        x11_or_wayland!(match self; Window(window) => window.drag_resize_window(direction))
+    }
+
     #[inline]
     pub fn set_cursor_hittest(&self, hittest: bool) -> Result<(), ExternalError> {
         x11_or_wayland!(match self; Window(w) => w.set_cursor_hittest(hittest))
@@ -425,7 +441,7 @@ impl Window {
 
     #[inline]
     pub fn scale_factor(&self) -> f64 {
-        x11_or_wayland!(match self; Window(w) => w.scale_factor() as f64)
+        x11_or_wayland!(match self; Window(w) => w.scale_factor())
     }
 
     #[inline]
@@ -449,12 +465,17 @@ impl Window {
     }
 
     #[inline]
-    pub fn fullscreen(&self) -> Option<Fullscreen> {
+    pub fn is_minimized(&self) -> Option<bool> {
+        x11_or_wayland!(match self; Window(w) => w.is_minimized())
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    pub(crate) fn fullscreen(&self) -> Option<Fullscreen> {
         x11_or_wayland!(match self; Window(w) => w.fullscreen())
     }
 
     #[inline]
-    pub fn set_fullscreen(&self, monitor: Option<Fullscreen>) {
+    pub(crate) fn set_fullscreen(&self, monitor: Option<Fullscreen>) {
         x11_or_wayland!(match self; Window(w) => w.set_fullscreen(monitor))
     }
 
@@ -469,11 +490,11 @@ impl Window {
     }
 
     #[inline]
-    pub fn set_always_on_top(&self, _always_on_top: bool) {
+    pub fn set_window_level(&self, _level: WindowLevel) {
         match self {
-            #[cfg(feature = "x11")]
-            Window::X(ref w) => w.set_always_on_top(_always_on_top),
-            #[cfg(feature = "wayland")]
+            #[cfg(x11_platform)]
+            Window::X(ref w) => w.set_window_level(_level),
+            #[cfg(wayland_platform)]
             Window::Wayland(_) => (),
         }
     }
@@ -481,9 +502,9 @@ impl Window {
     #[inline]
     pub fn set_window_icon(&self, _window_icon: Option<Icon>) {
         match self {
-            #[cfg(feature = "x11")]
+            #[cfg(x11_platform)]
             Window::X(ref w) => w.set_window_icon(_window_icon),
-            #[cfg(feature = "wayland")]
+            #[cfg(wayland_platform)]
             Window::Wayland(_) => (),
         }
     }
@@ -498,20 +519,25 @@ impl Window {
         x11_or_wayland!(match self; Window(w) => w.set_ime_allowed(allowed))
     }
 
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn set_ime_purpose(&self, purpose: ImePurpose) {
+        x11_or_wayland!(match self; Window(w) => w.set_ime_purpose(purpose))
+    }
+
     #[inline]
     pub fn focus_window(&self) {
         match self {
-            #[cfg(feature = "x11")]
+            #[cfg(x11_platform)]
             Window::X(ref w) => w.focus_window(),
-            #[cfg(feature = "wayland")]
+            #[cfg(wayland_platform)]
             Window::Wayland(_) => (),
         }
     }
     pub fn request_user_attention(&self, request_type: Option<UserAttentionType>) {
         match self {
-            #[cfg(feature = "x11")]
+            #[cfg(x11_platform)]
             Window::X(ref w) => w.request_user_attention(request_type),
-            #[cfg(feature = "wayland")]
+            #[cfg(wayland_platform)]
             Window::Wayland(ref w) => w.request_user_attention(request_type),
         }
     }
@@ -522,21 +548,17 @@ impl Window {
     }
 
     #[inline]
-    pub fn current_monitor(&self) -> Option<RootMonitorHandle> {
+    pub fn current_monitor(&self) -> Option<MonitorHandle> {
         match self {
-            #[cfg(feature = "x11")]
+            #[cfg(x11_platform)]
             Window::X(ref window) => {
                 let current_monitor = MonitorHandle::X(window.current_monitor());
-                Some(RootMonitorHandle {
-                    inner: current_monitor,
-                })
+                Some(current_monitor)
             }
-            #[cfg(feature = "wayland")]
+            #[cfg(wayland_platform)]
             Window::Wayland(ref window) => {
                 let current_monitor = MonitorHandle::Wayland(window.current_monitor()?);
-                Some(RootMonitorHandle {
-                    inner: current_monitor,
-                })
+                Some(current_monitor)
             }
         }
     }
@@ -544,13 +566,13 @@ impl Window {
     #[inline]
     pub fn available_monitors(&self) -> VecDeque<MonitorHandle> {
         match self {
-            #[cfg(feature = "x11")]
+            #[cfg(x11_platform)]
             Window::X(ref window) => window
                 .available_monitors()
                 .into_iter()
                 .map(MonitorHandle::X)
                 .collect(),
-            #[cfg(feature = "wayland")]
+            #[cfg(wayland_platform)]
             Window::Wayland(ref window) => window
                 .available_monitors()
                 .into_iter()
@@ -560,16 +582,14 @@ impl Window {
     }
 
     #[inline]
-    pub fn primary_monitor(&self) -> Option<RootMonitorHandle> {
+    pub fn primary_monitor(&self) -> Option<MonitorHandle> {
         match self {
-            #[cfg(feature = "x11")]
+            #[cfg(x11_platform)]
             Window::X(ref window) => {
                 let primary_monitor = MonitorHandle::X(window.primary_monitor());
-                Some(RootMonitorHandle {
-                    inner: primary_monitor,
-                })
+                Some(primary_monitor)
             }
-            #[cfg(feature = "wayland")]
+            #[cfg(wayland_platform)]
             Window::Wayland(ref window) => window.primary_monitor(),
         }
     }
@@ -583,23 +603,42 @@ impl Window {
     pub fn raw_display_handle(&self) -> RawDisplayHandle {
         x11_or_wayland!(match self; Window(window) => window.raw_display_handle())
     }
+
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn set_theme(&self, theme: Option<Theme>) {
+        x11_or_wayland!(match self; Window(window) => window.set_theme(theme))
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn theme(&self) -> Option<Theme> {
+        x11_or_wayland!(match self; Window(window) => window.theme())
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn has_focus(&self) -> bool {
+        x11_or_wayland!(match self; Window(window) => window.has_focus())
+    }
+
+    pub fn title(&self) -> String {
+        x11_or_wayland!(match self; Window(window) => window.title())
+    }
 }
 
 /// Hooks for X11 errors.
-#[cfg(feature = "x11")]
+#[cfg(x11_platform)]
 pub(crate) static mut XLIB_ERROR_HOOKS: Lazy<Mutex<Vec<XlibErrorHook>>> =
     Lazy::new(|| Mutex::new(Vec::new()));
 
-#[cfg(feature = "x11")]
+#[cfg(x11_platform)]
 unsafe extern "C" fn x_error_callback(
     display: *mut x11::ffi::Display,
     event: *mut x11::ffi::XErrorEvent,
 ) -> c_int {
-    let xconn_lock = X11_BACKEND.lock();
+    let xconn_lock = X11_BACKEND.lock().unwrap();
     if let Ok(ref xconn) = *xconn_lock {
         // Call all the hooks.
         let mut error_handled = false;
-        for hook in XLIB_ERROR_HOOKS.lock().iter() {
+        for hook in XLIB_ERROR_HOOKS.lock().unwrap().iter() {
             error_handled |= hook(display as *mut _, event as *mut _);
         }
 
@@ -624,25 +663,25 @@ unsafe extern "C" fn x_error_callback(
         // Don't log error.
         if !error_handled {
             error!("X11 error: {:#?}", error);
+            // XXX only update the error, if it wasn't handled by any of the hooks.
+            *xconn.latest_error.lock().unwrap() = Some(error);
         }
-
-        *xconn.latest_error.lock() = Some(error);
     }
     // Fun fact: this return value is completely ignored.
     0
 }
 
 pub enum EventLoop<T: 'static> {
-    #[cfg(feature = "wayland")]
+    #[cfg(wayland_platform)]
     Wayland(Box<wayland::EventLoop<T>>),
-    #[cfg(feature = "x11")]
+    #[cfg(x11_platform)]
     X(x11::EventLoop<T>),
 }
 
 pub enum EventLoopProxy<T: 'static> {
-    #[cfg(feature = "x11")]
+    #[cfg(x11_platform)]
     X(x11::EventLoopProxy<T>),
-    #[cfg(feature = "wayland")]
+    #[cfg(wayland_platform)]
     Wayland(wayland::EventLoopProxy<T>),
 }
 
@@ -663,13 +702,13 @@ impl<T: 'static> EventLoop<T> {
             );
         }
 
-        #[cfg(feature = "x11")]
+        #[cfg(x11_platform)]
         if attributes.forced_backend == Some(Backend::X) {
             // TODO: Propagate
             return EventLoop::new_x11_any_thread().unwrap();
         }
 
-        #[cfg(feature = "wayland")]
+        #[cfg(wayland_platform)]
         if attributes.forced_backend == Some(Backend::Wayland) {
             // TODO: Propagate
             return EventLoop::new_wayland_any_thread().expect("failed to open Wayland connection");
@@ -679,57 +718,55 @@ impl<T: 'static> EventLoop<T> {
             match env_var.as_str() {
                 "x11" => {
                     // TODO: propagate
-                    #[cfg(feature = "x11")]
+                    #[cfg(x11_platform)]
                     return EventLoop::new_x11_any_thread()
                         .expect("Failed to initialize X11 backend");
-                    #[cfg(not(feature = "x11"))]
+                    #[cfg(not(x11_platform))]
                     panic!("x11 feature is not enabled")
                 }
                 "wayland" => {
-                    #[cfg(feature = "wayland")]
+                    #[cfg(wayland_platform)]
                     return EventLoop::new_wayland_any_thread()
                         .expect("Failed to initialize Wayland backend");
-                    #[cfg(not(feature = "wayland"))]
+                    #[cfg(not(wayland_platform))]
                     panic!("wayland feature is not enabled");
                 }
                 _ => panic!(
-                    "Unknown environment variable value for {}, try one of `x11`,`wayland`",
-                    BACKEND_PREFERENCE_ENV_VAR,
+                    "Unknown environment variable value for {BACKEND_PREFERENCE_ENV_VAR}, try one of `x11`,`wayland`",
                 ),
             }
         }
 
-        #[cfg(feature = "wayland")]
+        #[cfg(wayland_platform)]
         let wayland_err = match EventLoop::new_wayland_any_thread() {
             Ok(event_loop) => return event_loop,
             Err(err) => err,
         };
 
-        #[cfg(feature = "x11")]
+        #[cfg(x11_platform)]
         let x11_err = match EventLoop::new_x11_any_thread() {
             Ok(event_loop) => return event_loop,
             Err(err) => err,
         };
 
-        #[cfg(not(feature = "wayland"))]
+        #[cfg(not(wayland_platform))]
         let wayland_err = "backend disabled";
-        #[cfg(not(feature = "x11"))]
+        #[cfg(not(x11_platform))]
         let x11_err = "backend disabled";
 
         panic!(
-            "Failed to initialize any backend! Wayland status: {:?} X11 status: {:?}",
-            wayland_err, x11_err,
+            "Failed to initialize any backend! Wayland status: {wayland_err:?} X11 status: {x11_err:?}",
         );
     }
 
-    #[cfg(feature = "wayland")]
+    #[cfg(wayland_platform)]
     fn new_wayland_any_thread() -> Result<EventLoop<T>, Box<dyn Error>> {
         wayland::EventLoop::new().map(|evlp| EventLoop::Wayland(Box::new(evlp)))
     }
 
-    #[cfg(feature = "x11")]
+    #[cfg(x11_platform)]
     fn new_x11_any_thread() -> Result<EventLoop<T>, XNotSupported> {
-        let xconn = match X11_BACKEND.lock().as_ref() {
+        let xconn = match X11_BACKEND.lock().unwrap().as_ref() {
             Ok(xconn) => xconn.clone(),
             Err(err) => return Err(err.clone()),
         };
@@ -767,9 +804,9 @@ impl<T: 'static> EventLoopProxy<T> {
 }
 
 pub enum EventLoopWindowTarget<T> {
-    #[cfg(feature = "wayland")]
+    #[cfg(wayland_platform)]
     Wayland(wayland::EventLoopWindowTarget<T>),
-    #[cfg(feature = "x11")]
+    #[cfg(x11_platform)]
     X(x11::EventLoopWindowTarget<T>),
 }
 
@@ -777,9 +814,9 @@ impl<T> EventLoopWindowTarget<T> {
     #[inline]
     pub fn is_wayland(&self) -> bool {
         match *self {
-            #[cfg(feature = "wayland")]
+            #[cfg(wayland_platform)]
             EventLoopWindowTarget::Wayland(_) => true,
-            #[cfg(feature = "x11")]
+            #[cfg(x11_platform)]
             _ => false,
         }
     }
@@ -787,13 +824,13 @@ impl<T> EventLoopWindowTarget<T> {
     #[inline]
     pub fn available_monitors(&self) -> VecDeque<MonitorHandle> {
         match *self {
-            #[cfg(feature = "wayland")]
+            #[cfg(wayland_platform)]
             EventLoopWindowTarget::Wayland(ref evlp) => evlp
                 .available_monitors()
                 .into_iter()
                 .map(MonitorHandle::Wayland)
                 .collect(),
-            #[cfg(feature = "x11")]
+            #[cfg(x11_platform)]
             EventLoopWindowTarget::X(ref evlp) => evlp
                 .x_connection()
                 .available_monitors()
@@ -804,16 +841,14 @@ impl<T> EventLoopWindowTarget<T> {
     }
 
     #[inline]
-    pub fn primary_monitor(&self) -> Option<RootMonitorHandle> {
+    pub fn primary_monitor(&self) -> Option<MonitorHandle> {
         match *self {
-            #[cfg(feature = "wayland")]
+            #[cfg(wayland_platform)]
             EventLoopWindowTarget::Wayland(ref evlp) => evlp.primary_monitor(),
-            #[cfg(feature = "x11")]
+            #[cfg(x11_platform)]
             EventLoopWindowTarget::X(ref evlp) => {
                 let primary_monitor = MonitorHandle::X(evlp.x_connection().primary_monitor());
-                Some(RootMonitorHandle {
-                    inner: primary_monitor,
-                })
+                Some(primary_monitor)
             }
         }
     }
@@ -821,9 +856,9 @@ impl<T> EventLoopWindowTarget<T> {
     #[inline]
     pub fn set_device_event_filter(&self, _filter: DeviceEventFilter) {
         match *self {
-            #[cfg(feature = "wayland")]
+            #[cfg(wayland_platform)]
             EventLoopWindowTarget::Wayland(_) => (),
-            #[cfg(feature = "x11")]
+            #[cfg(x11_platform)]
             EventLoopWindowTarget::X(ref evlp) => evlp.set_device_event_filter(_filter),
         }
     }

src/platform_impl/linux/wayland/env.rs

@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ use sctk::reexports::protocols::unstable::relative_pointer::v1::client::zwp_rela
 use sctk::reexports::protocols::unstable::pointer_constraints::v1::client::zwp_pointer_constraints_v1::ZwpPointerConstraintsV1;
 use sctk::reexports::protocols::unstable::text_input::v3::client::zwp_text_input_manager_v3::ZwpTextInputManagerV3;
 use sctk::reexports::protocols::staging::xdg_activation::v1::client::xdg_activation_v1::XdgActivationV1;
+use sctk::reexports::protocols::viewporter::client::wp_viewporter::WpViewporter;
 
 use sctk::environment::{Environment, SimpleGlobal};
 use sctk::output::{OutputHandler, OutputHandling, OutputInfo, OutputStatusListener};
@@ -21,6 +22,8 @@ use sctk::seat::{SeatData, SeatHandler, SeatHandling, SeatListener};
 use sctk::shell::{Shell, ShellHandler, ShellHandling};
 use sctk::shm::ShmHandler;
 
+use crate::platform_impl::wayland::protocols::wp_fractional_scale_manager_v1::WpFractionalScaleManagerV1;
+
 /// Set of extra features that are supported by the compositor.
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy)]
 pub struct WindowingFeatures {
@@ -61,6 +64,8 @@ sctk::environment!(WinitEnv,
         ZwpPointerConstraintsV1 => pointer_constraints,
         ZwpTextInputManagerV3 => text_input_manager,
         XdgActivationV1 => xdg_activation,
+        WpFractionalScaleManagerV1 => fractional_scale_manager,
+        WpViewporter => viewporter,
     ],
     multis = [
         WlSeat => seats,
@@ -91,6 +96,10 @@ pub struct WinitEnv {
     decoration_manager: SimpleGlobal<ZxdgDecorationManagerV1>,
 
     xdg_activation: SimpleGlobal<XdgActivationV1>,
+
+    fractional_scale_manager: SimpleGlobal<WpFractionalScaleManagerV1>,
+
+    viewporter: SimpleGlobal<WpViewporter>,
 }
 
 impl WinitEnv {
@@ -125,6 +134,12 @@ impl WinitEnv {
         // Surface activation.
         let xdg_activation = SimpleGlobal::new();
 
+        // Fractional surface scaling.
+        let fractional_scale_manager = SimpleGlobal::new();
+
+        // Surface resizing (used for fractional scaling).
+        let viewporter = SimpleGlobal::new();
+
         Self {
             seats,
             outputs,
@@ -137,6 +152,8 @@ impl WinitEnv {
             pointer_constraints,
             text_input_manager,
             xdg_activation,
+            fractional_scale_manager,
+            viewporter,
         }
     }
 }

src/platform_impl/linux/wayland/event_loop/mod.rs

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ use std::cell::RefCell;
 use std::collections::HashMap;
 use std::error::Error;
 use std::io::Result as IOResult;
+use std::mem;
 use std::process;
 use std::rc::Rc;
 use std::time::{Duration, Instant};
@@ -26,7 +27,7 @@ use crate::platform_impl::EventLoopWindowTarget as PlatformEventLoopWindowTarget
 use super::env::{WindowingFeatures, WinitEnv};
 use super::output::OutputManager;
 use super::seat::SeatManager;
-use super::window::shim::{self, WindowUpdate};
+use super::window::shim::{self, WindowCompositorUpdate, WindowUserRequest};
 use super::{DeviceId, WindowId};
 
 mod proxy;
@@ -82,6 +83,9 @@ impl<T> EventLoopWindowTarget<T> {
 }
 
 pub struct EventLoop<T: 'static> {
+    /// Dispatcher of Wayland events.
+    pub wayland_dispatcher: WinitDispatcher,
+
     /// Event loop.
     event_loop: calloop::EventLoop<'static, WinitState>,
 
@@ -94,9 +98,6 @@ pub struct EventLoop<T: 'static> {
     /// Sender of user events.
     user_events_sender: calloop::channel::Sender<T>,
 
-    /// Dispatcher of Wayland events.
-    pub wayland_dispatcher: WinitDispatcher,
-
     /// Window target.
     window_target: RootEventLoopWindowTarget<T>,
 
@@ -164,17 +165,19 @@ impl<T: 'static> EventLoop<T> {
         let (event_loop_awakener, event_loop_awakener_source) = calloop::ping::make_ping()?;
 
         // Handler of window requests.
-        event_loop.handle().insert_source(
-            event_loop_awakener_source,
-            move |_, _, winit_state| {
-                shim::handle_window_requests(winit_state);
-            },
-        )?;
+        event_loop
+            .handle()
+            .insert_source(event_loop_awakener_source, move |_, _, state| {
+                // Drain events here as well to account for application doing batch event processing
+                // on RedrawEventsCleared.
+                shim::handle_window_requests(state);
+            })?;
 
         let event_loop_handle = event_loop.handle();
         let window_map = HashMap::new();
         let event_sink = EventSink::new();
-        let window_updates = HashMap::new();
+        let window_user_requests = HashMap::new();
+        let window_compositor_updates = HashMap::new();
 
         // Create event loop window target.
         let event_loop_window_target = EventLoopWindowTarget {
@@ -183,7 +186,8 @@ impl<T: 'static> EventLoop<T> {
             state: RefCell::new(WinitState {
                 window_map,
                 event_sink,
-                window_updates,
+                window_user_requests,
+                window_compositor_updates,
             }),
             event_loop_handle,
             output_manager,
@@ -236,7 +240,8 @@ impl<T: 'static> EventLoop<T> {
         // applications don't themselves have a formal suspend/resume lifecycle.
         callback(Event::Resumed, &self.window_target, &mut control_flow);
 
-        let mut window_updates: Vec<(WindowId, WindowUpdate)> = Vec::new();
+        let mut window_compositor_updates: Vec<(WindowId, WindowCompositorUpdate)> = Vec::new();
+        let mut window_user_requests: Vec<(WindowId, WindowUserRequest)> = Vec::new();
         let mut event_sink_back_buffer = Vec::new();
 
         // NOTE We break on errors from dispatches, since if we've got protocol error
@@ -263,7 +268,7 @@ impl<T: 'static> EventLoop<T> {
                     PlatformEventLoopWindowTarget::Wayland(window_target) => {
                         window_target.state.get_mut()
                     }
-                    #[cfg(feature = "x11")]
+                    #[cfg(x11_platform)]
                     _ => unreachable!(),
                 };
 
@@ -357,25 +362,27 @@ impl<T: 'static> EventLoop<T> {
                 );
             }
 
-            // Process 'new' pending updates.
+            // Process 'new' pending updates from compositor.
             self.with_state(|state| {
-                window_updates.clear();
-                window_updates.extend(
+                window_compositor_updates.clear();
+                window_compositor_updates.extend(
                     state
-                        .window_updates
+                        .window_compositor_updates
                         .iter_mut()
-                        .map(|(wid, window_update)| (*wid, window_update.take())),
+                        .map(|(wid, window_update)| (*wid, mem::take(window_update))),
                 );
             });
 
-            for (window_id, window_update) in window_updates.iter_mut() {
-                if let Some(scale_factor) = window_update.scale_factor.map(|f| f as f64) {
+            for (window_id, window_compositor_update) in window_compositor_updates.iter_mut() {
+                if let Some(scale_factor) = window_compositor_update.scale_factor {
                     let mut physical_size = self.with_state(|state| {
                         let window_handle = state.window_map.get(window_id).unwrap();
+                        *window_handle.scale_factor.lock().unwrap() = scale_factor;
+
                         let mut size = window_handle.size.lock().unwrap();
 
                         // Update the new logical size if it was changed.
-                        let window_size = window_update.size.unwrap_or(*size);
+                        let window_size = window_compositor_update.size.unwrap_or(*size);
                         *size = window_size;
 
                         window_size.to_physical(scale_factor)
@@ -397,26 +404,35 @@ impl<T: 'static> EventLoop<T> {
                     // We don't update size on a window handle since we'll do that later
                     // when handling size update.
                     let new_logical_size = physical_size.to_logical(scale_factor);
-                    window_update.size = Some(new_logical_size);
+                    window_compositor_update.size = Some(new_logical_size);
                 }
 
-                if let Some(size) = window_update.size.take() {
+                if let Some(size) = window_compositor_update.size.take() {
                     let physical_size = self.with_state(|state| {
                         let window_handle = state.window_map.get_mut(window_id).unwrap();
+
+                        if let Some(fs_state) = window_handle.fractional_scaling_state.as_ref() {
+                            // If we have a viewport then we support fractional scaling. As per the
+                            // protocol, we have to set the viewport size of the size prior scaling.
+                            fs_state
+                                .viewport
+                                .set_destination(size.width as _, size.height as _);
+                        }
+
                         let mut window_size = window_handle.size.lock().unwrap();
 
                         // Always issue resize event on scale factor change.
-                        let physical_size =
-                            if window_update.scale_factor.is_none() && *window_size == size {
-                                // The size hasn't changed, don't inform downstream about that.
-                                None
-                            } else {
-                                *window_size = size;
-                                let scale_factor =
-                                    sctk::get_surface_scale_factor(window_handle.window.surface());
-                                let physical_size = size.to_physical(scale_factor as f64);
-                                Some(physical_size)
-                            };
+                        let physical_size = if window_compositor_update.scale_factor.is_none()
+                            && *window_size == size
+                        {
+                            // The size hasn't changed, don't inform downstream about that.
+                            None
+                        } else {
+                            *window_size = size;
+                            let scale_factor = window_handle.scale_factor();
+                            let physical_size = size.to_physical(scale_factor);
+                            Some(physical_size)
+                        };
 
                         // We still perform all of those resize related logic even if the size
                         // hasn't changed, since GNOME relies on `set_geometry` calls after
@@ -424,8 +440,22 @@ impl<T: 'static> EventLoop<T> {
                         window_handle.window.resize(size.width, size.height);
                         window_handle.window.refresh();
 
+                        // Update the opaque region.
+                        window_handle.set_transparent(window_handle.transparent.get());
+
                         // Mark that refresh isn't required, since we've done it right now.
-                        window_update.refresh_frame = false;
+                        state
+                            .window_user_requests
+                            .get_mut(window_id)
+                            .unwrap()
+                            .refresh_frame = false;
+
+                        // Queue redraw requested.
+                        state
+                            .window_user_requests
+                            .get_mut(window_id)
+                            .unwrap()
+                            .redraw_requested = true;
 
                         physical_size
                     });
@@ -443,7 +473,8 @@ impl<T: 'static> EventLoop<T> {
                     }
                 }
 
-                if window_update.close_window {
+                // If the close is requested, send it here.
+                if window_compositor_update.close_window {
                     sticky_exit_callback(
                         Event::WindowEvent {
                             window_id: crate::window::WindowId(*window_id),
@@ -480,21 +511,40 @@ impl<T: 'static> EventLoop<T> {
                 &mut callback,
             );
 
+            // Apply user requests, so every event required resize and latter surface commit will
+            // be applied right before drawing. This will also ensure that every `RedrawRequested`
+            // event will be delivered in time.
+            self.with_state(|state| {
+                shim::handle_window_requests(state);
+            });
+
+            // Process 'new' pending updates from compositor.
+            self.with_state(|state| {
+                window_user_requests.clear();
+                window_user_requests.extend(
+                    state
+                        .window_user_requests
+                        .iter_mut()
+                        .map(|(wid, window_request)| (*wid, mem::take(window_request))),
+                );
+            });
+
             // Handle RedrawRequested events.
-            for (window_id, window_update) in window_updates.iter() {
+            for (window_id, mut window_request) in window_user_requests.iter() {
                 // Handle refresh of the frame.
-                if window_update.refresh_frame {
+                if window_request.refresh_frame {
                     self.with_state(|state| {
                         let window_handle = state.window_map.get_mut(window_id).unwrap();
                         window_handle.window.refresh();
-                        if !window_update.redraw_requested {
-                            window_handle.window.surface().commit();
-                        }
                     });
+
+                    // In general refreshing the frame requires surface commit, those force user
+                    // to redraw.
+                    window_request.redraw_requested = true;
                 }
 
                 // Handle redraw request.
-                if window_update.redraw_requested {
+                if window_request.redraw_requested {
                     sticky_exit_callback(
                         Event::RedrawRequested(crate::window::WindowId(*window_id)),
                         &self.window_target,
@@ -530,7 +580,7 @@ impl<T: 'static> EventLoop<T> {
     fn with_state<U, F: FnOnce(&mut WinitState) -> U>(&mut self, f: F) -> U {
         let state = match &mut self.window_target.p {
             PlatformEventLoopWindowTarget::Wayland(window_target) => window_target.state.get_mut(),
-            #[cfg(feature = "x11")]
+            #[cfg(x11_platform)]
             _ => unreachable!(),
         };
 
@@ -540,7 +590,7 @@ impl<T: 'static> EventLoop<T> {
     fn loop_dispatch<D: Into<Option<std::time::Duration>>>(&mut self, timeout: D) -> IOResult<()> {
         let state = match &mut self.window_target.p {
             PlatformEventLoopWindowTarget::Wayland(window_target) => window_target.state.get_mut(),
-            #[cfg(feature = "x11")]
+            #[cfg(x11_platform)]
             _ => unreachable!(),
         };
 

src/platform_impl/linux/wayland/event_loop/state.rs

@@ -3,7 +3,9 @@
 use std::collections::HashMap;
 
 use super::EventSink;
-use crate::platform_impl::wayland::window::shim::{WindowHandle, WindowUpdate};
+use crate::platform_impl::wayland::window::shim::{
+    WindowCompositorUpdate, WindowHandle, WindowUserRequest,
+};
 use crate::platform_impl::wayland::WindowId;
 
 /// Wrapper to carry winit's state.
@@ -12,10 +14,14 @@ pub struct WinitState {
     /// event loop and forwarded downstream afterwards.
     pub event_sink: EventSink,
 
+    /// Window updates comming from the user requests. Those are separatelly dispatched right after
+    /// `MainEventsCleared`.
+    pub window_user_requests: HashMap<WindowId, WindowUserRequest>,
+
     /// Window updates, which are coming from SCTK or the compositor, which require
     /// calling back to the winit's downstream. They are handled right in the event loop,
     /// unlike the ones coming from buffers on the `WindowHandle`'s.
-    pub window_updates: HashMap<WindowId, WindowUpdate>,
+    pub window_compositor_updates: HashMap<WindowId, WindowCompositorUpdate>,
 
     /// Window map containing all SCTK windows. Since those windows aren't allowed
     /// to be sent to other threads, they live on the event loop's thread

src/platform_impl/linux/wayland/mod.rs

@@ -1,10 +1,4 @@
-#![cfg(any(
-    target_os = "linux",
-    target_os = "dragonfly",
-    target_os = "freebsd",
-    target_os = "netbsd",
-    target_os = "openbsd"
-))]
+#![cfg(wayland_platform)]
 
 use sctk::reexports::client::protocol::wl_surface::WlSurface;
 
@@ -16,6 +10,7 @@ pub use window::Window;
 mod env;
 mod event_loop;
 mod output;
+mod protocols;
 mod seat;
 mod window;
 

src/platform_impl/linux/wayland/output.rs

@@ -8,7 +8,6 @@ use sctk::environment::Environment;
 use sctk::output::OutputStatusListener;
 
 use crate::dpi::{PhysicalPosition, PhysicalSize};
-use crate::monitor::{MonitorHandle as RootMonitorHandle, VideoMode as RootVideoMode};
 use crate::platform_impl::platform::{
     MonitorHandle as PlatformMonitorHandle, VideoMode as PlatformVideoMode,
 };
@@ -183,19 +182,19 @@ impl MonitorHandle {
     }
 
     #[inline]
-    pub fn video_modes(&self) -> impl Iterator<Item = RootVideoMode> {
+    pub fn video_modes(&self) -> impl Iterator<Item = PlatformVideoMode> {
         let modes = sctk::output::with_output_info(&self.proxy, |info| info.modes.clone())
             .unwrap_or_default();
 
         let monitor = self.clone();
 
-        modes.into_iter().map(move |mode| RootVideoMode {
-            video_mode: PlatformVideoMode::Wayland(VideoMode {
+        modes.into_iter().map(move |mode| {
+            PlatformVideoMode::Wayland(VideoMode {
                 size: (mode.dimensions.0 as u32, mode.dimensions.1 as u32).into(),
                 refresh_rate_millihertz: mode.refresh_rate as u32,
                 bit_depth: 32,
                 monitor: monitor.clone(),
-            }),
+            })
         })
     }
 }
@@ -224,10 +223,8 @@ impl VideoMode {
         self.refresh_rate_millihertz
     }
 
-    pub fn monitor(&self) -> RootMonitorHandle {
-        RootMonitorHandle {
-            inner: PlatformMonitorHandle::Wayland(self.monitor.clone()),
-        }
+    pub fn monitor(&self) -> PlatformMonitorHandle {
+        PlatformMonitorHandle::Wayland(self.monitor.clone())
     }
 }
 
@@ -243,7 +240,7 @@ impl<T> EventLoopWindowTarget<T> {
     }
 
     #[inline]
-    pub fn primary_monitor(&self) -> Option<RootMonitorHandle> {
+    pub fn primary_monitor(&self) -> Option<PlatformMonitorHandle> {
         // There's no primary monitor on Wayland.
         None
     }

src/platform_impl/linux/wayland/protocols.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+#![allow(dead_code, non_camel_case_types, unused_unsafe, unused_variables)]
+#![allow(non_upper_case_globals, non_snake_case, unused_imports)]
+#![allow(missing_docs, clippy::all)]
+
+use wayland_client::protocol::wl_surface;
+use wayland_client::sys;
+use wayland_client::{AnonymousObject, Attached, Main, Proxy, ProxyMap};
+use wayland_commons::map::{Object, ObjectMetadata};
+use wayland_commons::smallvec;
+use wayland_commons::wire::{Argument, ArgumentType, Message, MessageDesc};
+use wayland_commons::{Interface, MessageGroup};
+
+include!(concat!(env!("OUT_DIR"), "/fractional_scale_v1.rs"));

src/platform_impl/linux/wayland/seat/keyboard/handlers.rs

@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 //! Handling of various keyboard events.
 
+use std::sync::atomic::Ordering;
+
 use sctk::reexports::client::protocol::wl_keyboard::KeyState;
 
 use sctk::seat::keyboard::Event as KeyboardEvent;
@@ -22,6 +24,12 @@ pub(super) fn handle_keyboard(
         KeyboardEvent::Enter { surface, .. } => {
             let window_id = wayland::make_wid(&surface);
 
+            let window_handle = match winit_state.window_map.get_mut(&window_id) {
+                Some(window_handle) => window_handle,
+                None => return,
+            };
+            window_handle.has_focus.store(true, Ordering::Relaxed);
+
             // Window gained focus.
             event_sink.push_window_event(WindowEvent::Focused(true), window_id);
 
@@ -34,7 +42,14 @@ pub(super) fn handle_keyboard(
             inner.target_window_id = Some(window_id);
         }
         KeyboardEvent::Leave { surface, .. } => {
+            // Reset the id.
+            inner.target_window_id = None;
+
             let window_id = wayland::make_wid(&surface);
+            let window_handle = match winit_state.window_map.get_mut(&window_id) {
+                Some(window_handle) => window_handle,
+                None => return,
+            };
 
             // Notify that no modifiers are being pressed.
             if !inner.modifiers_state.borrow().is_empty() {
@@ -44,11 +59,10 @@ pub(super) fn handle_keyboard(
                 );
             }
 
+            window_handle.has_focus.store(false, Ordering::Relaxed);
+
             // Window lost focus.
             event_sink.push_window_event(WindowEvent::Focused(false), window_id);
-
-            // Reset the id.
-            inner.target_window_id = None;
         }
         KeyboardEvent::Key {
             rawkey,

src/platform_impl/linux/wayland/seat/pointer/handlers.rs

@@ -45,15 +45,12 @@ pub(super) fn handle_pointer(
             pointer_data.latest_enter_serial.replace(serial);
 
             let window_id = wayland::make_wid(&surface);
-            if !winit_state.window_map.contains_key(&window_id) {
-                return;
-            }
             let window_handle = match winit_state.window_map.get_mut(&window_id) {
                 Some(window_handle) => window_handle,
                 None => return,
             };
 
-            let scale_factor = sctk::get_surface_scale_factor(&surface) as f64;
+            let scale_factor = window_handle.scale_factor();
             pointer_data.surface = Some(surface);
 
             // Notify window that pointer entered the surface.
@@ -133,8 +130,12 @@ pub(super) fn handle_pointer(
             };
 
             let window_id = wayland::make_wid(surface);
+            let window_handle = match winit_state.window_map.get(&window_id) {
+                Some(w) => w,
+                _ => return,
+            };
 
-            let scale_factor = sctk::get_surface_scale_factor(surface) as f64;
+            let scale_factor = window_handle.scale_factor();
             let position = LogicalPosition::new(surface_x, surface_y).to_physical(scale_factor);
 
             event_sink.push_window_event(
@@ -192,6 +193,10 @@ pub(super) fn handle_pointer(
             };
 
             let window_id = wayland::make_wid(surface);
+            let window_handle = match winit_state.window_map.get(&window_id) {
+                Some(w) => w,
+                _ => return,
+            };
 
             if pointer.as_ref().version() < 5 {
                 let (mut x, mut y) = (0.0, 0.0);
@@ -204,7 +209,7 @@ pub(super) fn handle_pointer(
                     _ => unreachable!(),
                 }
 
-                let scale_factor = sctk::get_surface_scale_factor(surface) as f64;
+                let scale_factor = window_handle.scale_factor();
                 let delta = LogicalPosition::new(x as f64, y as f64).to_physical(scale_factor);
 
                 event_sink.push_window_event(
@@ -268,6 +273,10 @@ pub(super) fn handle_pointer(
                 None => return,
             };
             let window_id = wayland::make_wid(surface);
+            let window_handle = match winit_state.window_map.get(&window_id) {
+                Some(w) => w,
+                _ => return,
+            };
 
             let window_event = if let Some((x, y)) = axis_discrete_buffer {
                 WindowEvent::MouseWheel {
@@ -279,7 +288,7 @@ pub(super) fn handle_pointer(
                     modifiers: *pointer_data.modifiers_state.borrow(),
                 }
             } else if let Some((x, y)) = axis_buffer {
-                let scale_factor = sctk::get_surface_scale_factor(surface) as f64;
+                let scale_factor = window_handle.scale_factor();
                 let delta = LogicalPosition::new(x, y).to_physical(scale_factor);
 
                 WindowEvent::MouseWheel {

src/platform_impl/linux/wayland/seat/pointer/mod.rs

@@ -143,7 +143,7 @@ impl WinitPointer {
         *confined_pointer.borrow_mut() = Some(init_confined_pointer(
             pointer_constraints,
             surface,
-            &*self.pointer,
+            &self.pointer,
         ));
     }
 
@@ -177,7 +177,7 @@ impl WinitPointer {
         *locked_pointer.borrow_mut() = Some(init_locked_pointer(
             pointer_constraints,
             surface,
-            &*self.pointer,
+            &self.pointer,
         ));
     }
 
@@ -267,7 +267,7 @@ impl Pointers {
         let relative_pointer = relative_pointer_manager
             .as_ref()
             .map(|relative_pointer_manager| {
-                init_relative_pointer(relative_pointer_manager, &*pointer)
+                init_relative_pointer(relative_pointer_manager, &pointer)
             });
 
         Self {

src/platform_impl/linux/wayland/seat/text_input/handlers.rs

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ use crate::event::{Ime, WindowEvent};
 use crate::platform_impl::wayland;
 use crate::platform_impl::wayland::event_loop::WinitState;
 
-use super::{Preedit, TextInputHandler, TextInputInner};
+use super::{Preedit, TextInputHandler, TextInputInner, ZwpTextInputV3Ext};
 
 #[inline]
 pub(super) fn handle_text_input(
@@ -32,6 +32,7 @@ pub(super) fn handle_text_input(
             // Enable text input on that surface.
             if window_handle.ime_allowed.get() {
                 text_input.enable();
+                text_input.set_content_type_by_purpose(window_handle.ime_purpose.get());
                 text_input.commit();
                 event_sink.push_window_event(WindowEvent::Ime(Ime::Enabled), window_id);
             }
@@ -68,9 +69,14 @@ pub(super) fn handle_text_input(
             cursor_begin,
             cursor_end,
         } => {
-            let cursor_begin = usize::try_from(cursor_begin).ok();
-            let cursor_end = usize::try_from(cursor_end).ok();
             let text = text.unwrap_or_default();
+            let cursor_begin = usize::try_from(cursor_begin)
+                .ok()
+                .and_then(|idx| text.is_char_boundary(idx).then(|| idx));
+            let cursor_end = usize::try_from(cursor_end)
+                .ok()
+                .and_then(|idx| text.is_char_boundary(idx).then(|| idx));
+
             inner.pending_preedit = Some(Preedit {
                 text,
                 cursor_begin,
@@ -88,18 +94,27 @@ pub(super) fn handle_text_input(
                 _ => return,
             };
 
+            // Clear preedit at the start of `Done`.
+            event_sink.push_window_event(
+                WindowEvent::Ime(Ime::Preedit(String::new(), None)),
+                window_id,
+            );
+
+            // Send `Commit`.
             if let Some(text) = inner.pending_commit.take() {
                 event_sink.push_window_event(WindowEvent::Ime(Ime::Commit(text)), window_id);
             }
 
-            // Push preedit string we've got after latest commit.
+            // Send preedit.
             if let Some(preedit) = inner.pending_preedit.take() {
                 let cursor_range = preedit
                     .cursor_begin
                     .map(|b| (b, preedit.cursor_end.unwrap_or(b)));
 
-                let event = Ime::Preedit(preedit.text, cursor_range);
-                event_sink.push_window_event(WindowEvent::Ime(event), window_id);
+                event_sink.push_window_event(
+                    WindowEvent::Ime(Ime::Preedit(preedit.text, cursor_range)),
+                    window_id,
+                );
             }
         }
         _ => (),

src/platform_impl/linux/wayland/seat/text_input/mod.rs

@@ -1,10 +1,13 @@
 use sctk::reexports::client::protocol::wl_seat::WlSeat;
 use sctk::reexports::client::Attached;
 use sctk::reexports::protocols::unstable::text_input::v3::client::zwp_text_input_manager_v3::ZwpTextInputManagerV3;
-use sctk::reexports::protocols::unstable::text_input::v3::client::zwp_text_input_v3::ZwpTextInputV3;
+use sctk::reexports::protocols::unstable::text_input::v3::client::zwp_text_input_v3::{
+    ContentHint, ContentPurpose, ZwpTextInputV3,
+};
 
 use crate::platform_impl::wayland::event_loop::WinitState;
 use crate::platform_impl::wayland::WindowId;
+use crate::window::ImePurpose;
 
 mod handlers;
 
@@ -14,6 +17,21 @@ pub struct TextInputHandler {
     text_input: ZwpTextInputV3,
 }
 
+trait ZwpTextInputV3Ext {
+    fn set_content_type_by_purpose(&self, purpose: ImePurpose);
+}
+
+impl ZwpTextInputV3Ext for ZwpTextInputV3 {
+    fn set_content_type_by_purpose(&self, purpose: ImePurpose) {
+        let (hint, purpose) = match purpose {
+            ImePurpose::Normal => (ContentHint::None, ContentPurpose::Normal),
+            ImePurpose::Password => (ContentHint::SensitiveData, ContentPurpose::Password),
+            ImePurpose::Terminal => (ContentHint::None, ContentPurpose::Terminal),
+        };
+        self.set_content_type(hint, purpose);
+    }
+}
+
 impl TextInputHandler {
     #[inline]
     pub fn set_ime_position(&self, x: i32, y: i32) {
@@ -22,8 +40,15 @@ impl TextInputHandler {
     }
 
     #[inline]
-    pub fn set_input_allowed(&self, allowed: bool) {
-        if allowed {
+    pub fn set_content_type_by_purpose(&self, purpose: ImePurpose) {
+        self.text_input.set_content_type_by_purpose(purpose);
+        self.text_input.commit();
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn set_input_allowed(&self, allowed: Option<ImePurpose>) {
+        if let Some(purpose) = allowed {
+            self.text_input.set_content_type_by_purpose(purpose);
             self.text_input.enable();
         } else {
             self.text_input.disable();

src/platform_impl/linux/wayland/seat/touch/handlers.rs

@@ -24,11 +24,12 @@ pub(super) fn handle_touch(
             surface, id, x, y, ..
         } => {
             let window_id = wayland::make_wid(&surface);
-            if !winit_state.window_map.contains_key(&window_id) {
-                return;
-            }
+            let window_handle = match winit_state.window_map.get(&window_id) {
+                Some(w) => w,
+                _ => return,
+            };
 
-            let scale_factor = sctk::get_surface_scale_factor(&surface) as f64;
+            let scale_factor = window_handle.scale_factor();
             let position = LogicalPosition::new(x, y);
 
             event_sink.push_window_event(
@@ -60,7 +61,12 @@ pub(super) fn handle_touch(
                 None => return,
             };
 
-            let scale_factor = sctk::get_surface_scale_factor(&touch_point.surface) as f64;
+            let window_id = wayland::make_wid(&touch_point.surface);
+            let window_handle = match winit_state.window_map.get(&window_id) {
+                Some(w) => w,
+                _ => return,
+            };
+            let scale_factor = window_handle.scale_factor();
             let location = touch_point.position.to_physical(scale_factor);
             let window_id = wayland::make_wid(&touch_point.surface);
 
@@ -82,10 +88,15 @@ pub(super) fn handle_touch(
                 Some(touch_point) => touch_point,
                 None => return,
             };
+            let window_id = wayland::make_wid(&touch_point.surface);
+            let window_handle = match winit_state.window_map.get(&window_id) {
+                Some(w) => w,
+                _ => return,
+            };
 
             touch_point.position = LogicalPosition::new(x, y);
 
-            let scale_factor = sctk::get_surface_scale_factor(&touch_point.surface) as f64;
+            let scale_factor = window_handle.scale_factor();
             let location = touch_point.position.to_physical(scale_factor);
             let window_id = wayland::make_wid(&touch_point.surface);
 
@@ -105,9 +116,14 @@ pub(super) fn handle_touch(
         TouchEvent::Frame => (),
         TouchEvent::Cancel => {
             for touch_point in inner.touch_points.drain(..) {
-                let scale_factor = sctk::get_surface_scale_factor(&touch_point.surface) as f64;
-                let location = touch_point.position.to_physical(scale_factor);
                 let window_id = wayland::make_wid(&touch_point.surface);
+                let window_handle = match winit_state.window_map.get(&window_id) {
+                    Some(w) => w,
+                    _ => return,
+                };
+
+                let scale_factor = window_handle.scale_factor();
+                let location = touch_point.position.to_physical(scale_factor);
 
                 event_sink.push_window_event(
                     WindowEvent::Touch(crate::event::Touch {

src/platform_impl/linux/wayland/window/mod.rs

@@ -11,16 +11,18 @@ use raw_window_handle::{
     RawDisplayHandle, RawWindowHandle, WaylandDisplayHandle, WaylandWindowHandle,
 };
 use sctk::window::Decorations;
+use wayland_protocols::viewporter::client::wp_viewporter::WpViewporter;
 
 use crate::dpi::{LogicalSize, PhysicalPosition, PhysicalSize, Position, Size};
 use crate::error::{ExternalError, NotSupportedError, OsError as RootOsError};
-use crate::monitor::MonitorHandle as RootMonitorHandle;
 use crate::platform_impl::{
-    MonitorHandle as PlatformMonitorHandle, OsError,
-    PlatformSpecificWindowBuilderAttributes as PlatformAttributes,
+    wayland::protocols::wp_fractional_scale_manager_v1::WpFractionalScaleManagerV1,
+    wayland::protocols::wp_fractional_scale_v1, Fullscreen, MonitorHandle as PlatformMonitorHandle,
+    OsError, PlatformSpecificWindowBuilderAttributes as PlatformAttributes,
 };
 use crate::window::{
-    CursorGrabMode, CursorIcon, Fullscreen, Theme, UserAttentionType, WindowAttributes,
+    CursorGrabMode, CursorIcon, ImePurpose, ResizeDirection, Theme, UserAttentionType,
+    WindowAttributes, WindowButtons,
 };
 
 use super::env::WindowingFeatures;
@@ -30,7 +32,9 @@ use super::{EventLoopWindowTarget, WindowId};
 
 pub mod shim;
 
-use shim::{WindowHandle, WindowRequest, WindowUpdate};
+use shim::{
+    FractionalScalingState, WindowCompositorUpdate, WindowHandle, WindowRequest, WindowUserRequest,
+};
 
 #[cfg(feature = "sctk-adwaita")]
 pub type WinitFrame = sctk_adwaita::AdwaitaFrame;
@@ -50,6 +54,9 @@ pub struct Window {
     /// The underlying wl_surface.
     surface: WlSurface,
 
+    /// The scale factor.
+    scale_factor: Arc<Mutex<f64>>,
+
     /// The current window size.
     size: Arc<Mutex<LogicalSize<u32>>>,
 
@@ -79,6 +86,9 @@ pub struct Window {
 
     /// Grabbing mode.
     cursor_grab_mode: Mutex<CursorGrabMode>,
+
+    /// Whether the window has keyboard focus.
+    has_focus: Arc<AtomicBool>,
 }
 
 impl Window {
@@ -87,24 +97,50 @@ impl Window {
         attributes: WindowAttributes,
         platform_attributes: PlatformAttributes,
     ) -> Result<Self, RootOsError> {
-        let surface = event_loop_window_target
+        let viewporter = event_loop_window_target.env.get_global::<WpViewporter>();
+        let fractional_scale_manager = event_loop_window_target
             .env
-            .create_surface_with_scale_callback(move |scale, surface, mut dispatch_data| {
-                let winit_state = dispatch_data.get::<WinitState>().unwrap();
+            .get_global::<WpFractionalScaleManagerV1>();
+
+        // Create surface and register callback for the scale factor changes.
+        let mut scale_factor = 1.;
+        let (surface, fractional_scaling_state) =
+            if let (Some(viewporter), Some(fractional_scale_manager)) =
+                (viewporter, fractional_scale_manager)
+            {
+                let surface = event_loop_window_target.env.create_surface().detach();
+                let fractional_scale = fractional_scale_manager.get_fractional_scale(&surface);
 
-                // Get the window that received the event.
                 let window_id = super::make_wid(&surface);
-                let mut window_update = winit_state.window_updates.get_mut(&window_id).unwrap();
+                fractional_scale.quick_assign(move |_, event, mut dispatch_data| {
+                    let wp_fractional_scale_v1::Event::PreferredScale { scale } = event;
+                    let winit_state = dispatch_data.get::<WinitState>().unwrap();
+                    apply_scale(window_id, scale as f64 / 120., winit_state);
+                });
 
-                // Set pending scale factor.
-                window_update.scale_factor = Some(scale);
-                window_update.redraw_requested = true;
+                let fractional_scale = fractional_scale.detach();
+                let viewport = viewporter.get_viewport(&surface).detach();
+                let fractional_scaling_state =
+                    FractionalScalingState::new(viewport, fractional_scale);
 
-                surface.set_buffer_scale(scale);
-            })
-            .detach();
+                (surface, Some(fractional_scaling_state))
+            } else {
+                let surface = event_loop_window_target
+                    .env
+                    .create_surface_with_scale_callback(move |scale, surface, mut dispatch_data| {
+                        let winit_state = dispatch_data.get::<WinitState>().unwrap();
 
-        let scale_factor = sctk::get_surface_scale_factor(&surface);
+                        // Get the window that received the event.
+                        let window_id = super::make_wid(&surface);
+                        apply_scale(window_id, scale as f64, winit_state);
+                        surface.set_buffer_scale(scale);
+                    })
+                    .detach();
+
+                scale_factor = sctk::get_surface_scale_factor(&surface) as _;
+
+                (surface, None)
+            };
 
         let window_id = super::make_wid(&surface);
         let maximized = Arc::new(AtomicBool::new(false));
@@ -114,7 +150,7 @@ impl Window {
 
         let (width, height) = attributes
             .inner_size
-            .map(|size| size.to_logical::<f64>(scale_factor as f64).into())
+            .map(|size| size.to_logical::<f64>(scale_factor).into())
             .unwrap_or((800, 600));
 
         let theme_manager = event_loop_window_target.theme_manager.clone();
@@ -128,11 +164,19 @@ impl Window {
                     use sctk::window::{Event, State};
 
                     let winit_state = dispatch_data.get::<WinitState>().unwrap();
-                    let mut window_update = winit_state.window_updates.get_mut(&window_id).unwrap();
+                    let mut window_compositor_update = winit_state
+                        .window_compositor_updates
+                        .get_mut(&window_id)
+                        .unwrap();
+
+                    let mut window_user_requests = winit_state
+                        .window_user_requests
+                        .get_mut(&window_id)
+                        .unwrap();
 
                     match event {
                         Event::Refresh => {
-                            window_update.refresh_frame = true;
+                            window_user_requests.refresh_frame = true;
                         }
                         Event::Configure { new_size, states } => {
                             let is_maximized = states.contains(&State::Maximized);
@@ -140,31 +184,27 @@ impl Window {
                             let is_fullscreen = states.contains(&State::Fullscreen);
                             fullscreen_clone.store(is_fullscreen, Ordering::Relaxed);
 
-                            window_update.refresh_frame = true;
-                            window_update.redraw_requested = true;
+                            window_user_requests.refresh_frame = true;
                             if let Some((w, h)) = new_size {
-                                window_update.size = Some(LogicalSize::new(w, h));
+                                window_compositor_update.size = Some(LogicalSize::new(w, h));
                             }
                         }
                         Event::Close => {
-                            window_update.close_window = true;
+                            window_compositor_update.close_window = true;
                         }
                     }
                 },
             )
             .map_err(|_| os_error!(OsError::WaylandMisc("failed to create window.")))?;
 
-        // Set CSD frame config
+        // Set CSD frame config from theme if specified,
+        // otherwise use upstream automatic selection.
         #[cfg(feature = "sctk-adwaita")]
-        {
-            let theme = platform_attributes.csd_theme.unwrap_or_else(|| {
-                let env = std::env::var(WAYLAND_CSD_THEME_ENV_VAR).unwrap_or_default();
-                match env.to_lowercase().as_str() {
-                    "dark" => Theme::Dark,
-                    _ => Theme::Light,
-                }
-            });
-
+        if let Some(theme) = attributes.preferred_theme.or_else(|| {
+            std::env::var(WAYLAND_CSD_THEME_ENV_VAR)
+                .ok()
+                .and_then(|s| s.as_str().try_into().ok())
+        }) {
             window.set_frame_config(theme.into());
         }
 
@@ -178,13 +218,13 @@ impl Window {
         // Min dimensions.
         let min_size = attributes
             .min_inner_size
-            .map(|size| size.to_logical::<f64>(scale_factor as f64).into());
+            .map(|size| size.to_logical::<f64>(scale_factor).into());
         window.set_min_size(min_size);
 
         // Max dimensions.
         let max_size = attributes
             .max_inner_size
-            .map(|size| size.to_logical::<f64>(scale_factor as f64).into());
+            .map(|size| size.to_logical::<f64>(scale_factor).into());
         window.set_max_size(max_size);
 
         // Set Wayland specific window attributes.
@@ -200,17 +240,16 @@ impl Window {
         window.set_title(attributes.title);
 
         // Set fullscreen/maximized if so was requested.
-        match attributes.fullscreen {
+        match attributes.fullscreen.map(Into::into) {
             Some(Fullscreen::Exclusive(_)) => {
                 warn!("`Fullscreen::Exclusive` is ignored on Wayland")
             }
             Some(Fullscreen::Borderless(monitor)) => {
-                let monitor =
-                    monitor.and_then(|RootMonitorHandle { inner: monitor }| match monitor {
-                        PlatformMonitorHandle::Wayland(monitor) => Some(monitor.proxy),
-                        #[cfg(feature = "x11")]
-                        PlatformMonitorHandle::X(_) => None,
-                    });
+                let monitor = monitor.and_then(|monitor| match monitor {
+                    PlatformMonitorHandle::Wayland(monitor) => Some(monitor.proxy),
+                    #[cfg(x11_platform)]
+                    PlatformMonitorHandle::X(_) => None,
+                });
 
                 window.set_fullscreen(monitor.as_ref());
             }
@@ -232,11 +271,12 @@ impl Window {
         window.surface().commit();
 
         let size = Arc::new(Mutex::new(LogicalSize::new(width, height)));
+        let has_focus = Arc::new(AtomicBool::new(true));
 
         // We should trigger redraw and commit the surface for the newly created window.
-        let mut window_update = WindowUpdate::new();
-        window_update.refresh_frame = true;
-        window_update.redraw_requested = true;
+        let mut window_user_request = WindowUserRequest::new();
+        window_user_request.refresh_frame = true;
+        window_user_request.redraw_requested = true;
 
         let window_id = super::make_wid(&surface);
         let window_requests = Arc::new(Mutex::new(Vec::with_capacity(64)));
@@ -246,9 +286,15 @@ impl Window {
             &event_loop_window_target.env,
             window,
             size.clone(),
+            has_focus.clone(),
+            fractional_scaling_state,
+            scale_factor,
             window_requests.clone(),
         );
 
+        // Set opaque region.
+        window_handle.set_transparent(attributes.transparent);
+
         // Set resizable state, so we can determine how to handle `Window::set_inner_size`.
         window_handle.is_resizable.set(attributes.resizable);
 
@@ -262,9 +308,13 @@ impl Window {
             .event_sink
             .push_window_event(crate::event::WindowEvent::Focused(false), window_id);
 
+        // Add state for the window.
         winit_state
-            .window_updates
-            .insert(window_id, WindowUpdate::new());
+            .window_user_requests
+            .insert(window_id, window_user_request);
+        winit_state
+            .window_compositor_updates
+            .insert(window_id, WindowCompositorUpdate::new());
 
         let windowing_features = event_loop_window_target.windowing_features;
 
@@ -299,6 +349,8 @@ impl Window {
             resizeable: AtomicBool::new(attributes.resizable),
             decorated: AtomicBool::new(attributes.decorations),
             cursor_grab_mode: Mutex::new(CursorGrabMode::None),
+            has_focus,
+            scale_factor: window_handle.scale_factor.clone(),
         };
 
         Ok(window)
@@ -316,6 +368,11 @@ impl Window {
         self.send_request(WindowRequest::Title(title.to_owned()));
     }
 
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn set_transparent(&self, transparent: bool) {
+        self.send_request(WindowRequest::Transparent(transparent));
+    }
+
     #[inline]
     pub fn set_visible(&self, _visible: bool) {
         // Not possible on Wayland.
@@ -342,10 +399,7 @@ impl Window {
     }
 
     pub fn inner_size(&self) -> PhysicalSize<u32> {
-        self.size
-            .lock()
-            .unwrap()
-            .to_physical(self.scale_factor() as f64)
+        self.size.lock().unwrap().to_physical(self.scale_factor())
     }
 
     #[inline]
@@ -355,15 +409,12 @@ impl Window {
 
     #[inline]
     pub fn outer_size(&self) -> PhysicalSize<u32> {
-        self.size
-            .lock()
-            .unwrap()
-            .to_physical(self.scale_factor() as f64)
+        self.size.lock().unwrap().to_physical(self.scale_factor())
     }
 
     #[inline]
     pub fn set_inner_size(&self, size: Size) {
-        let scale_factor = self.scale_factor() as f64;
+        let scale_factor = self.scale_factor();
 
         let size = size.to_logical::<u32>(scale_factor);
         *self.size.lock().unwrap() = size;
@@ -373,7 +424,7 @@ impl Window {
 
     #[inline]
     pub fn set_min_inner_size(&self, dimensions: Option<Size>) {
-        let scale_factor = self.scale_factor() as f64;
+        let scale_factor = self.scale_factor();
         let size = dimensions.map(|size| size.to_logical::<u32>(scale_factor));
 
         self.send_request(WindowRequest::MinSize(size));
@@ -381,12 +432,22 @@ impl Window {
 
     #[inline]
     pub fn set_max_inner_size(&self, dimensions: Option<Size>) {
-        let scale_factor = self.scale_factor() as f64;
+        let scale_factor = self.scale_factor();
         let size = dimensions.map(|size| size.to_logical::<u32>(scale_factor));
 
         self.send_request(WindowRequest::MaxSize(size));
     }
 
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn resize_increments(&self) -> Option<PhysicalSize<u32>> {
+        None
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn set_resize_increments(&self, _increments: Option<Size>) {
+        warn!("`set_resize_increments` is not implemented for Wayland");
+    }
+
     #[inline]
     pub fn set_resizable(&self, resizable: bool) {
         self.resizeable.store(resizable, Ordering::Relaxed);
@@ -399,10 +460,16 @@ impl Window {
     }
 
     #[inline]
-    pub fn scale_factor(&self) -> u32 {
-        // The scale factor from `get_surface_scale_factor` is always greater than zero, so
-        // u32 conversion is safe.
-        sctk::get_surface_scale_factor(&self.surface) as u32
+    pub fn set_enabled_buttons(&self, _buttons: WindowButtons) {}
+
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn enabled_buttons(&self) -> WindowButtons {
+        WindowButtons::all()
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn scale_factor(&self) -> f64 {
+        *self.scale_factor.lock().unwrap()
     }
 
     #[inline]
@@ -417,8 +484,8 @@ impl Window {
     }
 
     #[inline]
-    pub fn set_csd_theme(&self, theme: Theme) {
-        self.send_request(WindowRequest::CsdThemeVariant(theme));
+    pub fn is_minimized(&self) -> Option<bool> {
+        None
     }
 
     #[inline]
@@ -442,11 +509,9 @@ impl Window {
     }
 
     #[inline]
-    pub fn fullscreen(&self) -> Option<Fullscreen> {
+    pub(crate) fn fullscreen(&self) -> Option<Fullscreen> {
         if self.fullscreen.load(Ordering::Relaxed) {
-            let current_monitor = self.current_monitor().map(|monitor| RootMonitorHandle {
-                inner: PlatformMonitorHandle::Wayland(monitor),
-            });
+            let current_monitor = self.current_monitor().map(PlatformMonitorHandle::Wayland);
 
             Some(Fullscreen::Borderless(current_monitor))
         } else {
@@ -455,19 +520,18 @@ impl Window {
     }
 
     #[inline]
-    pub fn set_fullscreen(&self, fullscreen: Option<Fullscreen>) {
+    pub(crate) fn set_fullscreen(&self, fullscreen: Option<Fullscreen>) {
         let fullscreen_request = match fullscreen {
             Some(Fullscreen::Exclusive(_)) => {
                 warn!("`Fullscreen::Exclusive` is ignored on Wayland");
                 return;
             }
             Some(Fullscreen::Borderless(monitor)) => {
-                let monitor =
-                    monitor.and_then(|RootMonitorHandle { inner: monitor }| match monitor {
-                        PlatformMonitorHandle::Wayland(monitor) => Some(monitor.proxy),
-                        #[cfg(feature = "x11")]
-                        PlatformMonitorHandle::X(_) => None,
-                    });
+                let monitor = monitor.and_then(|monitor| match monitor {
+                    PlatformMonitorHandle::Wayland(monitor) => Some(monitor.proxy),
+                    #[cfg(x11_platform)]
+                    PlatformMonitorHandle::X(_) => None,
+                });
 
                 WindowRequest::Fullscreen(monitor)
             }
@@ -521,7 +585,7 @@ impl Window {
             ))));
         }
 
-        let scale_factor = self.scale_factor() as f64;
+        let scale_factor = self.scale_factor();
         let position = position.to_logical(scale_factor);
         self.send_request(WindowRequest::SetLockedCursorPosition(position));
 
@@ -535,6 +599,11 @@ impl Window {
         Ok(())
     }
 
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn drag_resize_window(&self, _direction: ResizeDirection) -> Result<(), ExternalError> {
+        Err(ExternalError::NotSupported(NotSupportedError::new()))
+    }
+
     #[inline]
     pub fn set_cursor_hittest(&self, hittest: bool) -> Result<(), ExternalError> {
         self.send_request(WindowRequest::PassthroughMouseInput(!hittest));
@@ -544,7 +613,7 @@ impl Window {
 
     #[inline]
     pub fn set_ime_position(&self, position: Position) {
-        let scale_factor = self.scale_factor() as f64;
+        let scale_factor = self.scale_factor();
         let position = position.to_logical(scale_factor);
         self.send_request(WindowRequest::ImePosition(position));
     }
@@ -554,6 +623,11 @@ impl Window {
         self.send_request(WindowRequest::AllowIme(allowed));
     }
 
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn set_ime_purpose(&self, purpose: ImePurpose) {
+        self.send_request(WindowRequest::ImePurpose(purpose));
+    }
+
     #[inline]
     pub fn display(&self) -> &Display {
         &self.display
@@ -576,7 +650,7 @@ impl Window {
     }
 
     #[inline]
-    pub fn primary_monitor(&self) -> Option<RootMonitorHandle> {
+    pub fn primary_monitor(&self) -> Option<PlatformMonitorHandle> {
         None
     }
 
@@ -599,6 +673,25 @@ impl Window {
         self.window_requests.lock().unwrap().push(request);
         self.event_loop_awakener.ping();
     }
+
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn set_theme(&self, theme: Option<Theme>) {
+        self.send_request(WindowRequest::Theme(theme));
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn theme(&self) -> Option<Theme> {
+        None
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn has_focus(&self) -> bool {
+        self.has_focus.load(Ordering::Relaxed)
+    }
+
+    pub fn title(&self) -> String {
+        String::new()
+    }
 }
 
 impl Drop for Window {
@@ -616,3 +709,40 @@ impl From<Theme> for sctk_adwaita::FrameConfig {
         }
     }
 }
+
+impl TryFrom<&str> for Theme {
+    type Error = ();
+
+    /// ```
+    /// use winit::window::Theme;
+    ///
+    /// assert_eq!("dark".try_into(), Ok(Theme::Dark));
+    /// assert_eq!("lIghT".try_into(), Ok(Theme::Light));
+    /// ```
+    fn try_from(theme: &str) -> Result<Self, Self::Error> {
+        if theme.eq_ignore_ascii_case("dark") {
+            Ok(Self::Dark)
+        } else if theme.eq_ignore_ascii_case("light") {
+            Ok(Self::Light)
+        } else {
+            Err(())
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Set pending scale for the provided `window_id`.
+fn apply_scale(window_id: WindowId, scale: f64, winit_state: &mut WinitState) {
+    // Set pending scale factor.
+    winit_state
+        .window_compositor_updates
+        .get_mut(&window_id)
+        .unwrap()
+        .scale_factor = Some(scale);
+
+    // Mark that we need a frame refresh on the DPI change.
+    winit_state
+        .window_user_requests
+        .get_mut(&window_id)
+        .unwrap()
+        .refresh_frame = true;
+}

src/platform_impl/linux/wayland/window/shim.rs

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 use std::cell::Cell;
 use std::mem::ManuallyDrop;
+use std::sync::atomic::AtomicBool;
 use std::sync::{Arc, Mutex};
 
 use sctk::reexports::client::protocol::wl_compositor::WlCompositor;
@@ -10,6 +11,7 @@ use sctk::reexports::protocols::staging::xdg_activation::v1::client::xdg_activat
 
 use sctk::environment::Environment;
 use sctk::window::{Decorations, Window};
+use wayland_protocols::viewporter::client::wp_viewport::WpViewport;
 
 use crate::dpi::{LogicalPosition, LogicalSize};
 
@@ -17,10 +19,11 @@ use crate::event::{Ime, WindowEvent};
 use crate::platform_impl::wayland;
 use crate::platform_impl::wayland::env::WinitEnv;
 use crate::platform_impl::wayland::event_loop::{EventSink, WinitState};
+use crate::platform_impl::wayland::protocols::wp_fractional_scale_v1::WpFractionalScaleV1;
 use crate::platform_impl::wayland::seat::pointer::WinitPointer;
 use crate::platform_impl::wayland::seat::text_input::TextInputHandler;
 use crate::platform_impl::wayland::WindowId;
-use crate::window::{CursorGrabMode, CursorIcon, Theme, UserAttentionType};
+use crate::window::{CursorGrabMode, CursorIcon, ImePurpose, Theme, UserAttentionType};
 
 use super::WinitFrame;
 
@@ -59,9 +62,6 @@ pub enum WindowRequest {
     /// Request decorations change.
     Decorate(bool),
 
-    /// Request decorations change.
-    CsdThemeVariant(Theme),
-
     /// Make the window resizeable.
     Resizeable(bool),
 
@@ -83,6 +83,12 @@ pub enum WindowRequest {
     /// Enable IME on the given window.
     AllowIme(bool),
 
+    /// Set the IME purpose.
+    ImePurpose(ImePurpose),
+
+    /// Mark the window as opaque.
+    Transparent(bool),
+
     /// Request Attention.
     ///
     /// `None` unsets the attention request.
@@ -96,58 +102,43 @@ pub enum WindowRequest {
 
     /// Window should be closed.
     Close,
+
+    /// Change window theme.
+    Theme(Option<Theme>),
 }
 
-/// Pending update to a window from SCTK window.
-#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy)]
-pub struct WindowUpdate {
+// The window update comming from the compositor.
+#[derive(Default, Debug, Clone, Copy)]
+pub struct WindowCompositorUpdate {
     /// New window size.
     pub size: Option<LogicalSize<u32>>,
 
     /// New scale factor.
-    pub scale_factor: Option<i32>,
-
-    /// Whether `redraw` was requested.
-    pub redraw_requested: bool,
-
-    /// Wether the frame should be refreshed.
-    pub refresh_frame: bool,
+    pub scale_factor: Option<f64>,
 
     /// Close the window.
     pub close_window: bool,
 }
 
-impl WindowUpdate {
+impl WindowCompositorUpdate {
     pub fn new() -> Self {
-        Self {
-            size: None,
-            scale_factor: None,
-            redraw_requested: false,
-            refresh_frame: false,
-            close_window: false,
-        }
+        Default::default()
     }
+}
 
-    pub fn take(&mut self) -> Self {
-        let size = self.size.take();
-        let scale_factor = self.scale_factor.take();
+/// Pending update to a window requested by the user.
+#[derive(Default, Debug, Clone, Copy)]
+pub struct WindowUserRequest {
+    /// Whether `redraw` was requested.
+    pub redraw_requested: bool,
 
-        let redraw_requested = self.redraw_requested;
-        self.redraw_requested = false;
+    /// Wether the frame should be refreshed.
+    pub refresh_frame: bool,
+}
 
-        let refresh_frame = self.refresh_frame;
-        self.refresh_frame = false;
-
-        let close_window = self.close_window;
-        self.close_window = false;
-
-        Self {
-            size,
-            scale_factor,
-            redraw_requested,
-            refresh_frame,
-            close_window,
-        }
+impl WindowUserRequest {
+    pub fn new() -> Self {
+        Default::default()
     }
 }
 
@@ -157,6 +148,12 @@ pub struct WindowHandle {
     /// An actual window.
     pub window: ManuallyDrop<Window<WinitFrame>>,
 
+    /// The state of the fractional scaling handlers for the window.
+    pub fractional_scaling_state: Option<FractionalScalingState>,
+
+    /// The scale factor of the window.
+    pub scale_factor: Arc<Mutex<f64>>,
+
     /// The current size of the window.
     pub size: Arc<Mutex<LogicalSize<u32>>>,
 
@@ -169,9 +166,18 @@ pub struct WindowHandle {
     /// Whether the window is resizable.
     pub is_resizable: Cell<bool>,
 
+    /// Whether the window has keyboard focus.
+    pub has_focus: Arc<AtomicBool>,
+
     /// Allow IME events for that window.
     pub ime_allowed: Cell<bool>,
 
+    /// IME purpose for that window.
+    pub ime_purpose: Cell<ImePurpose>,
+
+    /// Wether the window is transparent.
+    pub transparent: Cell<bool>,
+
     /// Visible cursor or not.
     cursor_visible: Cell<bool>,
 
@@ -199,6 +205,9 @@ impl WindowHandle {
         env: &Environment<WinitEnv>,
         window: Window<WinitFrame>,
         size: Arc<Mutex<LogicalSize<u32>>>,
+        has_focus: Arc<AtomicBool>,
+        fractional_scaling_state: Option<FractionalScalingState>,
+        scale_factor: f64,
         pending_window_requests: Arc<Mutex<Vec<WindowRequest>>>,
     ) -> Self {
         let xdg_activation = env.get_global::<XdgActivationV1>();
@@ -208,10 +217,13 @@ impl WindowHandle {
 
         Self {
             window: ManuallyDrop::new(window),
+            fractional_scaling_state,
+            scale_factor: Arc::new(Mutex::new(scale_factor)),
             size,
             pending_window_requests,
             cursor_icon: Cell::new(CursorIcon::Default),
             is_resizable: Cell::new(true),
+            transparent: Cell::new(false),
             cursor_grab_mode: Cell::new(CursorGrabMode::None),
             cursor_visible: Cell::new(true),
             pointers: Vec::new(),
@@ -220,9 +232,15 @@ impl WindowHandle {
             attention_requested: Cell::new(false),
             compositor,
             ime_allowed: Cell::new(false),
+            ime_purpose: Cell::new(ImePurpose::default()),
+            has_focus,
         }
     }
 
+    pub fn scale_factor(&self) -> f64 {
+        *self.scale_factor.lock().unwrap()
+    }
+
     pub fn set_cursor_grab(&self, mode: CursorGrabMode) {
         // The new requested state matches the current confine status, return.
         let old_mode = self.cursor_grab_mode.replace(mode);
@@ -367,6 +385,19 @@ impl WindowHandle {
         }
     }
 
+    pub fn set_transparent(&self, transparent: bool) {
+        self.transparent.set(transparent);
+        let surface = self.window.surface();
+        if transparent {
+            surface.set_opaque_region(None);
+        } else {
+            let region = self.compositor.create_region();
+            region.add(0, 0, i32::MAX, i32::MAX);
+            surface.set_opaque_region(Some(&region.detach()));
+            region.destroy();
+        }
+    }
+
     pub fn set_ime_allowed(&self, allowed: bool, event_sink: &mut EventSink) {
         if self.ime_allowed.get() == allowed {
             return;
@@ -375,8 +406,9 @@ impl WindowHandle {
         self.ime_allowed.replace(allowed);
         let window_id = wayland::make_wid(self.window.surface());
 
+        let purpose = allowed.then(|| self.ime_purpose.get());
         for text_input in self.text_inputs.iter() {
-            text_input.set_input_allowed(allowed);
+            text_input.set_input_allowed(purpose);
         }
 
         let event = if allowed {
@@ -388,6 +420,20 @@ impl WindowHandle {
         event_sink.push_window_event(event, window_id);
     }
 
+    pub fn set_ime_purpose(&self, purpose: ImePurpose) {
+        if self.ime_purpose.get() == purpose {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        self.ime_purpose.replace(purpose);
+
+        if self.ime_allowed.get() {
+            for text_input in self.text_inputs.iter() {
+                text_input.set_content_type_by_purpose(purpose);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
     pub fn set_cursor_visible(&self, visible: bool) {
         self.cursor_visible.replace(visible);
         let cursor_icon = match visible {
@@ -422,7 +468,8 @@ impl WindowHandle {
 #[inline]
 pub fn handle_window_requests(winit_state: &mut WinitState) {
     let window_map = &mut winit_state.window_map;
-    let window_updates = &mut winit_state.window_updates;
+    let window_user_requests = &mut winit_state.window_user_requests;
+    let window_compositor_updates = &mut winit_state.window_compositor_updates;
     let mut windows_to_close: Vec<WindowId> = Vec::new();
 
     // Process the rest of the events.
@@ -450,6 +497,9 @@ pub fn handle_window_requests(winit_state: &mut WinitState) {
                     let event_sink = &mut winit_state.event_sink;
                     window_handle.set_ime_allowed(allow, event_sink);
                 }
+                WindowRequest::ImePurpose(purpose) => {
+                    window_handle.set_ime_purpose(purpose);
+                }
                 WindowRequest::SetCursorGrabMode(mode) => {
                     window_handle.set_cursor_grab(mode);
                 }
@@ -469,6 +519,13 @@ pub fn handle_window_requests(winit_state: &mut WinitState) {
                 WindowRequest::Minimize => {
                     window_handle.window.set_minimized();
                 }
+                WindowRequest::Transparent(transparent) => {
+                    window_handle.set_transparent(transparent);
+
+                    // This requires surface commit.
+                    let window_request = window_user_requests.get_mut(window_id).unwrap();
+                    window_request.redraw_requested = true;
+                }
                 WindowRequest::Decorate(decorate) => {
                     let decorations = match decorate {
                         true => Decorations::FollowServer,
@@ -478,45 +535,36 @@ pub fn handle_window_requests(winit_state: &mut WinitState) {
                     window_handle.window.set_decorate(decorations);
 
                     // We should refresh the frame to apply decorations change.
-                    let window_update = window_updates.get_mut(window_id).unwrap();
-                    window_update.refresh_frame = true;
+                    let window_request = window_user_requests.get_mut(window_id).unwrap();
+                    window_request.refresh_frame = true;
                 }
-                #[cfg(feature = "sctk-adwaita")]
-                WindowRequest::CsdThemeVariant(theme) => {
-                    window_handle.window.set_frame_config(theme.into());
-
-                    let window_update = window_updates.get_mut(window_id).unwrap();
-                    window_update.refresh_frame = true;
-                }
-                #[cfg(not(feature = "sctk-adwaita"))]
-                WindowRequest::CsdThemeVariant(_) => {}
                 WindowRequest::Resizeable(resizeable) => {
                     window_handle.window.set_resizable(resizeable);
 
                     // We should refresh the frame to update button state.
-                    let window_update = window_updates.get_mut(window_id).unwrap();
-                    window_update.refresh_frame = true;
+                    let window_request = window_user_requests.get_mut(window_id).unwrap();
+                    window_request.refresh_frame = true;
                 }
                 WindowRequest::Title(title) => {
                     window_handle.window.set_title(title);
 
                     // We should refresh the frame to draw new title.
-                    let window_update = window_updates.get_mut(window_id).unwrap();
-                    window_update.refresh_frame = true;
+                    let window_request = window_user_requests.get_mut(window_id).unwrap();
+                    window_request.refresh_frame = true;
                 }
                 WindowRequest::MinSize(size) => {
                     let size = size.map(|size| (size.width, size.height));
                     window_handle.window.set_min_size(size);
 
-                    let window_update = window_updates.get_mut(window_id).unwrap();
-                    window_update.redraw_requested = true;
+                    let window_request = window_user_requests.get_mut(window_id).unwrap();
+                    window_request.refresh_frame = true;
                 }
                 WindowRequest::MaxSize(size) => {
                     let size = size.map(|size| (size.width, size.height));
                     window_handle.window.set_max_size(size);
 
-                    let window_update = window_updates.get_mut(window_id).unwrap();
-                    window_update.redraw_requested = true;
+                    let window_request = window_user_requests.get_mut(window_id).unwrap();
+                    window_request.refresh_frame = true;
                 }
                 WindowRequest::FrameSize(size) => {
                     if !window_handle.is_resizable.get() {
@@ -530,21 +578,21 @@ pub fn handle_window_requests(winit_state: &mut WinitState) {
                     window_handle.window.resize(size.width, size.height);
 
                     // We should refresh the frame after resize.
-                    let window_update = window_updates.get_mut(window_id).unwrap();
-                    window_update.refresh_frame = true;
+                    let window_request = window_user_requests.get_mut(window_id).unwrap();
+                    window_request.refresh_frame = true;
                 }
                 WindowRequest::PassthroughMouseInput(passthrough) => {
                     window_handle.passthrough_mouse_input(passthrough);
 
-                    let window_update = window_updates.get_mut(window_id).unwrap();
-                    window_update.refresh_frame = true;
+                    let window_request = window_user_requests.get_mut(window_id).unwrap();
+                    window_request.refresh_frame = true;
                 }
                 WindowRequest::Attention(request_type) => {
                     window_handle.set_user_attention(request_type);
                 }
                 WindowRequest::Redraw => {
-                    let window_update = window_updates.get_mut(window_id).unwrap();
-                    window_update.redraw_requested = true;
+                    let window_request = window_user_requests.get_mut(window_id).unwrap();
+                    window_request.redraw_requested = true;
                 }
                 WindowRequest::Close => {
                     // The window was requested to be closed.
@@ -554,6 +602,18 @@ pub fn handle_window_requests(winit_state: &mut WinitState) {
                     let event_sink = &mut winit_state.event_sink;
                     event_sink.push_window_event(WindowEvent::Destroyed, *window_id);
                 }
+                WindowRequest::Theme(_theme) => {
+                    #[cfg(feature = "sctk-adwaita")]
+                    {
+                        window_handle.window.set_frame_config(match _theme {
+                            Some(theme) => theme.into(),
+                            None => sctk_adwaita::FrameConfig::auto(),
+                        });
+
+                        let window_requst = window_user_requests.get_mut(window_id).unwrap();
+                        window_requst.refresh_frame = true;
+                    }
+                }
             };
         }
     }
@@ -561,12 +621,16 @@ pub fn handle_window_requests(winit_state: &mut WinitState) {
     // Close the windows.
     for window in windows_to_close {
         let _ = window_map.remove(&window);
-        let _ = window_updates.remove(&window);
+        let _ = window_user_requests.remove(&window);
+        let _ = window_compositor_updates.remove(&window);
     }
 }
 
 impl Drop for WindowHandle {
     fn drop(&mut self) {
+        // Drop the fractional scaling before the surface.
+        let _ = self.fractional_scaling_state.take();
+
         unsafe {
             let surface = self.window.surface().clone();
             // The window must be destroyed before wl_surface.
@@ -575,3 +639,28 @@ impl Drop for WindowHandle {
         }
     }
 }
+
+/// Fractional scaling objects.
+pub struct FractionalScalingState {
+    /// The wp-viewport of the window.
+    pub viewport: WpViewport,
+
+    /// The wp-fractional-scale of the window surface.
+    pub fractional_scale: WpFractionalScaleV1,
+}
+
+impl FractionalScalingState {
+    pub fn new(viewport: WpViewport, fractional_scale: WpFractionalScaleV1) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            viewport,
+            fractional_scale,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl Drop for FractionalScalingState {
+    fn drop(&mut self) {
+        self.viewport.destroy();
+        self.fractional_scale.destroy();
+    }
+}

src/platform_impl/linux/x11/dnd.rs

@@ -11,8 +11,7 @@ use percent_encoding::percent_decode;
 use super::{ffi, util, XConnection, XError};
 
 #[derive(Debug)]
-pub struct DndAtoms {
-    pub aware: ffi::Atom,
+pub(crate) struct DndAtoms {
     pub enter: ffi::Atom,
     pub leave: ffi::Atom,
     pub drop: ffi::Atom,
@@ -29,7 +28,6 @@ pub struct DndAtoms {
 impl DndAtoms {
     pub fn new(xconn: &Arc<XConnection>) -> Result<Self, XError> {
         let names = [
-            b"XdndAware\0".as_ptr() as *mut c_char,
             b"XdndEnter\0".as_ptr() as *mut c_char,
             b"XdndLeave\0".as_ptr() as *mut c_char,
             b"XdndDrop\0".as_ptr() as *mut c_char,
@@ -44,18 +42,17 @@ impl DndAtoms {
         ];
         let atoms = unsafe { xconn.get_atoms(&names) }?;
         Ok(DndAtoms {
-            aware: atoms[0],
-            enter: atoms[1],
-            leave: atoms[2],
-            drop: atoms[3],
-            position: atoms[4],
-            status: atoms[5],
-            action_private: atoms[6],
-            selection: atoms[7],
-            finished: atoms[8],
-            type_list: atoms[9],
-            uri_list: atoms[10],
-            none: atoms[11],
+            enter: atoms[0],
+            leave: atoms[1],
+            drop: atoms[2],
+            position: atoms[3],
+            status: atoms[4],
+            action_private: atoms[5],
+            selection: atoms[6],
+            finished: atoms[7],
+            type_list: atoms[8],
+            uri_list: atoms[9],
+            none: atoms[10],
         })
     }
 }
@@ -87,7 +84,7 @@ impl From<io::Error> for DndDataParseError {
     }
 }
 
-pub struct Dnd {
+pub(crate) struct Dnd {
     xconn: Arc<XConnection>,
     pub atoms: DndAtoms,
     // Populated by XdndEnter event handler
@@ -188,7 +185,7 @@ impl Dnd {
             .get_property(window, self.atoms.selection, self.atoms.uri_list)
     }
 
-    pub fn parse_data(&self, data: &mut Vec<c_uchar>) -> Result<Vec<PathBuf>, DndDataParseError> {
+    pub fn parse_data(&self, data: &mut [c_uchar]) -> Result<Vec<PathBuf>, DndDataParseError> {
         if !data.is_empty() {
             let mut path_list = Vec::new();
             let decoded = percent_decode(data).decode_utf8()?.into_owned();

src/platform_impl/linux/x11/event_processor.rs

@@ -2,8 +2,6 @@ use std::{cell::RefCell, collections::HashMap, rc::Rc, slice, sync::Arc};
 
 use libc::{c_char, c_int, c_long, c_uint, c_ulong};
 
-use parking_lot::MutexGuard;
-
 use super::{
     events, ffi, get_xtarget, mkdid, mkwid, monitor, util, Device, DeviceId, DeviceInfo, Dnd,
     DndState, GenericEventCookie, ImeReceiver, ScrollOrientation, UnownedWindow, WindowId,
@@ -59,7 +57,7 @@ impl<T: 'static> EventProcessor<T> {
         F: Fn(&Arc<UnownedWindow>) -> Ret,
     {
         let mut deleted = false;
-        let window_id = WindowId(window_id as u64);
+        let window_id = WindowId(window_id as _);
         let wt = get_xtarget(&self.target);
         let result = wt
             .windows
@@ -349,11 +347,11 @@ impl<T: 'static> EventProcessor<T> {
 
                     // These are both in physical space.
                     let new_inner_size = (xev.width as u32, xev.height as u32);
-                    let new_inner_position = (xev.x as i32, xev.y as i32);
-
-                    let mut shared_state_lock = window.shared_state.lock();
+                    let new_inner_position = (xev.x, xev.y);
 
                     let (mut resized, moved) = {
+                        let mut shared_state_lock = window.shared_state_lock();
+
                         let resized =
                             util::maybe_change(&mut shared_state_lock.size, new_inner_size);
                         let moved = if is_synthetic {
@@ -380,7 +378,13 @@ impl<T: 'static> EventProcessor<T> {
                         (resized, moved)
                     };
 
-                    let new_outer_position = if moved || shared_state_lock.position.is_none() {
+                    let position = window.shared_state_lock().position;
+
+                    let new_outer_position = if let (Some(position), false) = (position, moved) {
+                        position
+                    } else {
+                        let mut shared_state_lock = window.shared_state_lock();
+
                         // We need to convert client area position to window position.
                         let frame_extents = shared_state_lock
                             .frame_extents
@@ -395,21 +399,21 @@ impl<T: 'static> EventProcessor<T> {
                         let outer = frame_extents
                             .inner_pos_to_outer(new_inner_position.0, new_inner_position.1);
                         shared_state_lock.position = Some(outer);
+
+                        // Unlock shared state to prevent deadlock in callback below
+                        drop(shared_state_lock);
+
                         if moved {
-                            // Temporarily unlock shared state to prevent deadlock
-                            MutexGuard::unlocked(&mut shared_state_lock, || {
-                                callback(Event::WindowEvent {
-                                    window_id,
-                                    event: WindowEvent::Moved(outer.into()),
-                                });
+                            callback(Event::WindowEvent {
+                                window_id,
+                                event: WindowEvent::Moved(outer.into()),
                             });
                         }
                         outer
-                    } else {
-                        shared_state_lock.position.unwrap()
                     };
 
                     if is_synthetic {
+                        let mut shared_state_lock = window.shared_state_lock();
                         // If we don't use the existing adjusted value when available, then the user can screw up the
                         // resizing by dragging across monitors *without* dropping the window.
                         let (width, height) = shared_state_lock
@@ -441,15 +445,15 @@ impl<T: 'static> EventProcessor<T> {
                             let old_inner_size = PhysicalSize::new(width, height);
                             let mut new_inner_size = PhysicalSize::new(new_width, new_height);
 
-                            // Temporarily unlock shared state to prevent deadlock
-                            MutexGuard::unlocked(&mut shared_state_lock, || {
-                                callback(Event::WindowEvent {
-                                    window_id,
-                                    event: WindowEvent::ScaleFactorChanged {
-                                        scale_factor: new_scale_factor,
-                                        new_inner_size: &mut new_inner_size,
-                                    },
-                                });
+                            // Unlock shared state to prevent deadlock in callback below
+                            drop(shared_state_lock);
+
+                            callback(Event::WindowEvent {
+                                window_id,
+                                event: WindowEvent::ScaleFactorChanged {
+                                    scale_factor: new_scale_factor,
+                                    new_inner_size: &mut new_inner_size,
+                                },
                             });
 
                             if new_inner_size != old_inner_size {
@@ -457,7 +461,8 @@ impl<T: 'static> EventProcessor<T> {
                                     new_inner_size.width,
                                     new_inner_size.height,
                                 );
-                                shared_state_lock.dpi_adjusted = Some(new_inner_size.into());
+                                window.shared_state_lock().dpi_adjusted =
+                                    Some(new_inner_size.into());
                                 // if the DPI factor changed, force a resize event to ensure the logical
                                 // size is computed with the right DPI factor
                                 resized = true;
@@ -465,6 +470,8 @@ impl<T: 'static> EventProcessor<T> {
                         }
                     }
 
+                    let mut shared_state_lock = window.shared_state_lock();
+
                     // This is a hack to ensure that the DPI adjusted resize is actually applied on all WMs. KWin
                     // doesn't need this, but Xfwm does. The hack should not be run on other WMs, since tiling
                     // WMs constrain the window size, making the resize fail. This would cause an endless stream of
@@ -478,10 +485,10 @@ impl<T: 'static> EventProcessor<T> {
                         }
                     }
 
-                    if resized {
-                        // Drop the shared state lock to prevent deadlock
-                        drop(shared_state_lock);
+                    // Unlock shared state to prevent deadlock in callback below
+                    drop(shared_state_lock);
 
+                    if resized {
                         callback(Event::WindowEvent {
                             window_id,
                             event: WindowEvent::Resized(new_inner_size.into()),
@@ -504,7 +511,24 @@ impl<T: 'static> EventProcessor<T> {
                     window.invalidate_cached_frame_extents();
                 });
             }
+            ffi::MapNotify => {
+                let xev: &ffi::XMapEvent = xev.as_ref();
+                let window = xev.window;
+                let window_id = mkwid(window);
 
+                // XXX re-issue the focus state when mapping the window.
+                //
+                // The purpose of it is to deliver initial focused state of the newly created
+                // window, given that we can't rely on `CreateNotify`, due to it being not
+                // sent.
+                let focus = self
+                    .with_window(window, |window| window.has_focus())
+                    .unwrap_or_default();
+                callback(Event::WindowEvent {
+                    window_id,
+                    event: WindowEvent::Focused(focus),
+                });
+            }
             ffi::DestroyNotify => {
                 let xev: &ffi::XDestroyWindowEvent = xev.as_ref();
 
@@ -513,7 +537,7 @@ impl<T: 'static> EventProcessor<T> {
 
                 // In the event that the window's been destroyed without being dropped first, we
                 // cleanup again here.
-                wt.windows.borrow_mut().remove(&WindowId(window as u64));
+                wt.windows.borrow_mut().remove(&WindowId(window as _));
 
                 // Since all XIM stuff needs to happen from the same thread, we destroy the input
                 // context here instead of when dropping the window.
@@ -614,6 +638,12 @@ impl<T: 'static> EventProcessor<T> {
                     // If we're composing right now, send the string we've got from X11 via
                     // Ime::Commit.
                     if self.is_composing && keycode == 0 && !written.is_empty() {
+                        let event = Event::WindowEvent {
+                            window_id,
+                            event: WindowEvent::Ime(Ime::Preedit(String::new(), None)),
+                        };
+                        callback(event);
+
                         let event = Event::WindowEvent {
                             window_id,
                             event: WindowEvent::Ime(Ime::Commit(written)),
@@ -747,7 +777,7 @@ impl<T: 'static> EventProcessor<T> {
                         update_modifiers!(modifiers, None);
 
                         let cursor_moved = self.with_window(xev.event, |window| {
-                            let mut shared_state_lock = window.shared_state.lock();
+                            let mut shared_state_lock = window.shared_state_lock();
                             util::maybe_change(&mut shared_state_lock.cursor_pos, new_cursor_pos)
                         });
                         if cursor_moved == Some(true) {
@@ -917,6 +947,10 @@ impl<T: 'static> EventProcessor<T> {
                             let window_id = mkwid(xev.event);
                             let position = PhysicalPosition::new(xev.event_x, xev.event_y);
 
+                            if let Some(window) = self.with_window(xev.event, Arc::clone) {
+                                window.shared_state_lock().has_focus = true;
+                            }
+
                             callback(Event::WindowEvent {
                                 window_id,
                                 event: Focused(true),
@@ -989,6 +1023,10 @@ impl<T: 'static> EventProcessor<T> {
                                 event: WindowEvent::ModifiersChanged(ModifiersState::empty()),
                             });
 
+                            if let Some(window) = self.with_window(xev.event, Arc::clone) {
+                                window.shared_state_lock().has_focus = false;
+                            }
+
                             callback(Event::WindowEvent {
                                 window_id,
                                 event: Focused(false),
@@ -1008,8 +1046,7 @@ impl<T: 'static> EventProcessor<T> {
                         if self.window_exists(xev.event) {
                             let id = xev.detail as u64;
                             let modifiers = self.device_mod_state.modifiers();
-                            let location =
-                                PhysicalPosition::new(xev.event_x as f64, xev.event_y as f64);
+                            let location = PhysicalPosition::new(xev.event_x, xev.event_y);
 
                             // Mouse cursor position changes when touch events are received.
                             // Only the first concurrently active touch ID moves the mouse cursor.
@@ -1215,7 +1252,7 @@ impl<T: 'static> EventProcessor<T> {
                                                 new_monitor.scale_factor,
                                                 width,
                                                 height,
-                                                &*window.shared_state.lock(),
+                                                &window.shared_state_lock(),
                                             );
 
                                             let window_id = crate::window::WindowId(*window_id);

src/platform_impl/linux/x11/ime/callbacks.rs

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ use super::{
     input_method::PotentialInputMethods,
 };
 
-pub unsafe fn xim_set_callback(
+pub(crate) unsafe fn xim_set_callback(
     xconn: &Arc<XConnection>,
     xim: ffi::XIM,
     field: *const c_char,
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ pub unsafe fn xim_set_callback(
 // * This is called per locale modifier, not per input method opened with that locale modifier.
 // * Trying to set this for multiple locale modifiers causes problems, i.e. one of the rebuilt
 //   input contexts would always silently fail to use the input method.
-pub unsafe fn set_instantiate_callback(
+pub(crate) unsafe fn set_instantiate_callback(
     xconn: &Arc<XConnection>,
     client_data: ffi::XPointer,
 ) -> Result<(), XError> {
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ pub unsafe fn set_instantiate_callback(
     xconn.check_errors()
 }
 
-pub unsafe fn unset_instantiate_callback(
+pub(crate) unsafe fn unset_instantiate_callback(
     xconn: &Arc<XConnection>,
     client_data: ffi::XPointer,
 ) -> Result<(), XError> {
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ pub unsafe fn unset_instantiate_callback(
     xconn.check_errors()
 }
 
-pub unsafe fn set_destroy_callback(
+pub(crate) unsafe fn set_destroy_callback(
     xconn: &Arc<XConnection>,
     im: ffi::XIM,
     inner: &ImeInner,
@@ -72,7 +72,8 @@ pub unsafe fn set_destroy_callback(
 #[derive(Debug)]
 #[allow(clippy::enum_variant_names)]
 enum ReplaceImError {
-    MethodOpenFailed(PotentialInputMethods),
+    // Boxed to prevent large error type
+    MethodOpenFailed(Box<PotentialInputMethods>),
     ContextCreationFailed(ImeContextCreationError),
     SetDestroyCallbackFailed(XError),
 }
@@ -88,7 +89,7 @@ unsafe fn replace_im(inner: *mut ImeInner) -> Result<(), ReplaceImError> {
         let is_fallback = new_im.is_fallback();
         (
             new_im.ok().ok_or_else(|| {
-                ReplaceImError::MethodOpenFailed((*inner).potential_input_methods.clone())
+                ReplaceImError::MethodOpenFailed(Box::new((*inner).potential_input_methods.clone()))
             })?,
             is_fallback,
         )
@@ -108,17 +109,28 @@ unsafe fn replace_im(inner: *mut ImeInner) -> Result<(), ReplaceImError> {
     let mut new_contexts = HashMap::new();
     for (window, old_context) in (*inner).contexts.iter() {
         let spot = old_context.as_ref().map(|old_context| old_context.ic_spot);
+
+        // Check if the IME was allowed on that context.
         let is_allowed = old_context
             .as_ref()
-            .map(|old_context| old_context.is_allowed)
+            .map(|old_context| old_context.is_allowed())
             .unwrap_or_default();
+
+        // We can't use the style from the old context here, since it may change on reload, so
+        // pick style from the new XIM based on the old state.
+        let style = if is_allowed {
+            new_im.preedit_style
+        } else {
+            new_im.none_style
+        };
+
         let new_context = {
             let result = ImeContext::new(
                 xconn,
                 new_im.im,
+                style,
                 *window,
                 spot,
-                is_allowed,
                 (*inner).event_sender.clone(),
             );
             if result.is_err() {
@@ -132,7 +144,7 @@ unsafe fn replace_im(inner: *mut ImeInner) -> Result<(), ReplaceImError> {
     // If we've made it this far, everything succeeded.
     let _ = (*inner).destroy_all_contexts_if_necessary();
     let _ = (*inner).close_im_if_necessary();
-    (*inner).im = new_im.im;
+    (*inner).im = Some(new_im);
     (*inner).contexts = new_contexts;
     (*inner).is_destroyed = false;
     (*inner).is_fallback = is_fallback;
@@ -156,7 +168,7 @@ pub unsafe extern "C" fn xim_instantiate_callback(
             Err(err) => {
                 if (*inner).is_destroyed {
                     // We have no usable input methods!
-                    panic!("Failed to reopen input method: {:?}", err);
+                    panic!("Failed to reopen input method: {err:?}");
                 }
             }
         }
@@ -183,7 +195,7 @@ pub unsafe extern "C" fn xim_destroy_callback(
                 Ok(()) => (*inner).is_fallback = true,
                 Err(err) => {
                     // We have no usable input methods!
-                    panic!("Failed to open fallback input method: {:?}", err);
+                    panic!("Failed to open fallback input method: {err:?}");
                 }
             }
         }

src/platform_impl/linux/x11/ime/context.rs

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ use std::{mem, ptr};
 
 use x11_dl::xlib::{XIMCallback, XIMPreeditCaretCallbackStruct, XIMPreeditDrawCallbackStruct};
 
+use crate::platform_impl::platform::x11::ime::input_method::{Style, XIMStyle};
 use crate::platform_impl::platform::x11::ime::{ImeEvent, ImeEventSender};
 
 use super::{ffi, util, XConnection, XError};
@@ -191,21 +192,21 @@ struct ImeContextClientData {
 // still exists on the server. Since `ImeInner` has that awareness, destruction must be handled
 // through `ImeInner`.
 pub struct ImeContext {
-    pub(super) ic: ffi::XIC,
-    pub(super) ic_spot: ffi::XPoint,
-    pub(super) is_allowed: bool,
+    pub(crate) ic: ffi::XIC,
+    pub(crate) ic_spot: ffi::XPoint,
+    pub(crate) style: Style,
     // Since the data is passed shared between X11 XIM callbacks, but couldn't be direclty free from
     // there we keep the pointer to automatically deallocate it.
     _client_data: Box<ImeContextClientData>,
 }
 
 impl ImeContext {
-    pub unsafe fn new(
+    pub(crate) unsafe fn new(
         xconn: &Arc<XConnection>,
         im: ffi::XIM,
+        style: Style,
         window: ffi::Window,
         ic_spot: Option<ffi::XPoint>,
-        is_allowed: bool,
         event_sender: ImeEventSender,
     ) -> Result<Self, ImeContextCreationError> {
         let client_data = Box::into_raw(Box::new(ImeContextClientData {
@@ -215,12 +216,18 @@ impl ImeContext {
             cursor_pos: 0,
         }));
 
-        let ic = if is_allowed {
-            ImeContext::create_ic(xconn, im, window, client_data as ffi::XPointer)
-                .ok_or(ImeContextCreationError::Null)?
-        } else {
-            ImeContext::create_none_ic(xconn, im, window).ok_or(ImeContextCreationError::Null)?
-        };
+        let ic = match style as _ {
+            Style::Preedit(style) => ImeContext::create_preedit_ic(
+                xconn,
+                im,
+                style,
+                window,
+                client_data as ffi::XPointer,
+            ),
+            Style::Nothing(style) => ImeContext::create_nothing_ic(xconn, im, style, window),
+            Style::None(style) => ImeContext::create_none_ic(xconn, im, style, window),
+        }
+        .ok_or(ImeContextCreationError::Null)?;
 
         xconn
             .check_errors()
@@ -229,7 +236,7 @@ impl ImeContext {
         let mut context = ImeContext {
             ic,
             ic_spot: ffi::XPoint { x: 0, y: 0 },
-            is_allowed,
+            style,
             _client_data: Box::from_raw(client_data),
         };
 
@@ -244,12 +251,13 @@ impl ImeContext {
     unsafe fn create_none_ic(
         xconn: &Arc<XConnection>,
         im: ffi::XIM,
+        style: XIMStyle,
         window: ffi::Window,
     ) -> Option<ffi::XIC> {
         let ic = (xconn.xlib.XCreateIC)(
             im,
             ffi::XNInputStyle_0.as_ptr() as *const _,
-            ffi::XIMPreeditNone | ffi::XIMStatusNone,
+            style,
             ffi::XNClientWindow_0.as_ptr() as *const _,
             window,
             ptr::null_mut::<()>(),
@@ -258,9 +266,10 @@ impl ImeContext {
         (!ic.is_null()).then(|| ic)
     }
 
-    unsafe fn create_ic(
+    unsafe fn create_preedit_ic(
         xconn: &Arc<XConnection>,
         im: ffi::XIM,
+        style: XIMStyle,
         window: ffi::Window,
         client_data: ffi::XPointer,
     ) -> Option<ffi::XIC> {
@@ -282,57 +291,63 @@ impl ImeContext {
         )
         .expect("XVaCreateNestedList returned NULL");
 
-        let ic = {
-            let ic = (xconn.xlib.XCreateIC)(
-                im,
-                ffi::XNInputStyle_0.as_ptr() as *const _,
-                ffi::XIMPreeditCallbacks | ffi::XIMStatusNothing,
-                ffi::XNClientWindow_0.as_ptr() as *const _,
-                window,
-                ffi::XNPreeditAttributes_0.as_ptr() as *const _,
-                preedit_attr.ptr,
-                ptr::null_mut::<()>(),
-            );
-
-            // If we've failed to create IC with preedit callbacks fallback to normal one.
-            if ic.is_null() {
-                (xconn.xlib.XCreateIC)(
-                    im,
-                    ffi::XNInputStyle_0.as_ptr() as *const _,
-                    ffi::XIMPreeditNothing | ffi::XIMStatusNothing,
-                    ffi::XNClientWindow_0.as_ptr() as *const _,
-                    window,
-                    ptr::null_mut::<()>(),
-                )
-            } else {
-                ic
-            }
-        };
+        let ic = (xconn.xlib.XCreateIC)(
+            im,
+            ffi::XNInputStyle_0.as_ptr() as *const _,
+            style,
+            ffi::XNClientWindow_0.as_ptr() as *const _,
+            window,
+            ffi::XNPreeditAttributes_0.as_ptr() as *const _,
+            preedit_attr.ptr,
+            ptr::null_mut::<()>(),
+        );
 
         (!ic.is_null()).then(|| ic)
     }
 
-    pub fn focus(&self, xconn: &Arc<XConnection>) -> Result<(), XError> {
+    unsafe fn create_nothing_ic(
+        xconn: &Arc<XConnection>,
+        im: ffi::XIM,
+        style: XIMStyle,
+        window: ffi::Window,
+    ) -> Option<ffi::XIC> {
+        let ic = (xconn.xlib.XCreateIC)(
+            im,
+            ffi::XNInputStyle_0.as_ptr() as *const _,
+            style,
+            ffi::XNClientWindow_0.as_ptr() as *const _,
+            window,
+            ptr::null_mut::<()>(),
+        );
+
+        (!ic.is_null()).then(|| ic)
+    }
+
+    pub(crate) fn focus(&self, xconn: &Arc<XConnection>) -> Result<(), XError> {
         unsafe {
             (xconn.xlib.XSetICFocus)(self.ic);
         }
         xconn.check_errors()
     }
 
-    pub fn unfocus(&self, xconn: &Arc<XConnection>) -> Result<(), XError> {
+    pub(crate) fn unfocus(&self, xconn: &Arc<XConnection>) -> Result<(), XError> {
         unsafe {
             (xconn.xlib.XUnsetICFocus)(self.ic);
         }
         xconn.check_errors()
     }
 
+    pub fn is_allowed(&self) -> bool {
+        !matches!(self.style, Style::None(_))
+    }
+
     // Set the spot for preedit text. Setting spot isn't working with libX11 when preedit callbacks
     // are being used. Certain IMEs do show selection window, but it's placed in bottom left of the
     // window and couldn't be changed.
     //
     // For me see: https://bugs.freedesktop.org/show_bug.cgi?id=1580.
-    pub fn set_spot(&mut self, xconn: &Arc<XConnection>, x: c_short, y: c_short) {
-        if !self.is_allowed || self.ic_spot.x == x && self.ic_spot.y == y {
+    pub(crate) fn set_spot(&mut self, xconn: &Arc<XConnection>, x: c_short, y: c_short) {
+        if !self.is_allowed() || self.ic_spot.x == x && self.ic_spot.y == y {
             return;
         }
 

src/platform_impl/linux/x11/ime/inner.rs

@@ -1,24 +1,26 @@
-use std::{collections::HashMap, mem, ptr, sync::Arc};
+use std::{collections::HashMap, mem, sync::Arc};
 
 use super::{ffi, XConnection, XError};
 
-use super::{context::ImeContext, input_method::PotentialInputMethods};
+use super::{
+    context::ImeContext,
+    input_method::{InputMethod, PotentialInputMethods},
+};
 use crate::platform_impl::platform::x11::ime::ImeEventSender;
 
-pub unsafe fn close_im(xconn: &Arc<XConnection>, im: ffi::XIM) -> Result<(), XError> {
+pub(crate) unsafe fn close_im(xconn: &Arc<XConnection>, im: ffi::XIM) -> Result<(), XError> {
     (xconn.xlib.XCloseIM)(im);
     xconn.check_errors()
 }
 
-pub unsafe fn destroy_ic(xconn: &Arc<XConnection>, ic: ffi::XIC) -> Result<(), XError> {
+pub(crate) unsafe fn destroy_ic(xconn: &Arc<XConnection>, ic: ffi::XIC) -> Result<(), XError> {
     (xconn.xlib.XDestroyIC)(ic);
     xconn.check_errors()
 }
 
-pub struct ImeInner {
+pub(crate) struct ImeInner {
     pub xconn: Arc<XConnection>,
-    // WARNING: this is initially null!
-    pub im: ffi::XIM,
+    pub im: Option<InputMethod>,
     pub potential_input_methods: PotentialInputMethods,
     pub contexts: HashMap<ffi::Window, Option<ImeContext>>,
     // WARNING: this is initially zeroed!
@@ -31,14 +33,14 @@ pub struct ImeInner {
 }
 
 impl ImeInner {
-    pub fn new(
+    pub(crate) fn new(
         xconn: Arc<XConnection>,
         potential_input_methods: PotentialInputMethods,
         event_sender: ImeEventSender,
     ) -> Self {
         ImeInner {
             xconn,
-            im: ptr::null_mut(),
+            im: None,
             potential_input_methods,
             contexts: HashMap::new(),
             destroy_callback: unsafe { mem::zeroed() },
@@ -49,8 +51,8 @@ impl ImeInner {
     }
 
     pub unsafe fn close_im_if_necessary(&self) -> Result<bool, XError> {
-        if !self.is_destroyed {
-            close_im(&self.xconn, self.im).map(|_| true)
+        if !self.is_destroyed && self.im.is_some() {
+            close_im(&self.xconn, self.im.as_ref().unwrap().im).map(|_| true)
         } else {
             Ok(false)
         }

src/platform_impl/linux/x11/ime/input_method.rs

@@ -2,13 +2,12 @@ use std::{
     env,
     ffi::{CStr, CString, IntoStringError},
     fmt,
-    os::raw::c_char,
+    os::raw::{c_char, c_ulong, c_ushort},
     ptr,
-    sync::Arc,
+    sync::{Arc, Mutex},
 };
 
 use once_cell::sync::Lazy;
-use parking_lot::Mutex;
 
 use super::{ffi, util, XConnection, XError};
 
@@ -41,15 +40,97 @@ unsafe fn open_im(xconn: &Arc<XConnection>, locale_modifiers: &CStr) -> Option<f
 #[derive(Debug)]
 pub struct InputMethod {
     pub im: ffi::XIM,
+    pub preedit_style: Style,
+    pub none_style: Style,
     _name: String,
 }
 
 impl InputMethod {
-    fn new(im: ffi::XIM, name: String) -> Self {
-        InputMethod { im, _name: name }
+    fn new(xconn: &Arc<XConnection>, im: ffi::XIM, name: String) -> Option<Self> {
+        let mut styles: *mut XIMStyles = std::ptr::null_mut();
+
+        // Query the styles supported by the XIM.
+        unsafe {
+            if !(xconn.xlib.XGetIMValues)(
+                im,
+                ffi::XNQueryInputStyle_0.as_ptr() as *const _,
+                (&mut styles) as *mut _,
+                std::ptr::null_mut::<()>(),
+            )
+            .is_null()
+            {
+                return None;
+            }
+        }
+
+        let mut preedit_style = None;
+        let mut none_style = None;
+
+        unsafe {
+            std::slice::from_raw_parts((*styles).supported_styles, (*styles).count_styles as _)
+                .iter()
+                .for_each(|style| match *style {
+                    XIM_PREEDIT_STYLE => {
+                        preedit_style = Some(Style::Preedit(*style));
+                    }
+                    XIM_NOTHING_STYLE if preedit_style.is_none() => {
+                        preedit_style = Some(Style::Nothing(*style))
+                    }
+                    XIM_NONE_STYLE => none_style = Some(Style::None(*style)),
+                    _ => (),
+                });
+
+            (xconn.xlib.XFree)(styles.cast());
+        };
+
+        if preedit_style.is_none() && none_style.is_none() {
+            return None;
+        }
+
+        let preedit_style = preedit_style.unwrap_or_else(|| none_style.unwrap());
+        let none_style = none_style.unwrap_or(preedit_style);
+
+        Some(InputMethod {
+            im,
+            _name: name,
+            preedit_style,
+            none_style,
+        })
     }
 }
 
+const XIM_PREEDIT_STYLE: XIMStyle = (ffi::XIMPreeditCallbacks | ffi::XIMStatusNothing) as XIMStyle;
+const XIM_NOTHING_STYLE: XIMStyle = (ffi::XIMPreeditNothing | ffi::XIMStatusNothing) as XIMStyle;
+const XIM_NONE_STYLE: XIMStyle = (ffi::XIMPreeditNone | ffi::XIMStatusNone) as XIMStyle;
+
+/// Style of the IME context.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub enum Style {
+    /// Preedit callbacks.
+    Preedit(XIMStyle),
+
+    /// Nothing.
+    Nothing(XIMStyle),
+
+    /// No IME.
+    None(XIMStyle),
+}
+
+impl Default for Style {
+    fn default() -> Self {
+        Style::None(XIM_NONE_STYLE)
+    }
+}
+
+#[repr(C)]
+#[derive(Debug)]
+struct XIMStyles {
+    count_styles: c_ushort,
+    supported_styles: *const XIMStyle,
+}
+
+pub(crate) type XIMStyle = c_ulong;
+
 #[derive(Debug)]
 pub enum InputMethodResult {
     /// Input method used locale modifier from `XMODIFIERS` environment variable.
@@ -175,14 +256,14 @@ impl PotentialInputMethod {
     pub fn open_im(&mut self, xconn: &Arc<XConnection>) -> Option<InputMethod> {
         let im = unsafe { open_im(xconn, &self.name.c_string) };
         self.successful = Some(im.is_some());
-        im.map(|im| InputMethod::new(im, self.name.string.clone()))
+        im.and_then(|im| InputMethod::new(xconn, im, self.name.string.clone()))
     }
 }
 
 // By logging this struct, you get a sequential listing of every locale modifier tried, where it
 // came from, and if it succeeded.
 #[derive(Debug, Clone)]
-pub struct PotentialInputMethods {
+pub(crate) struct PotentialInputMethods {
     // On correctly configured systems, the XMODIFIERS environment variable tells us everything we
     // need to know.
     xmodifiers: Option<PotentialInputMethod>,

src/platform_impl/linux/x11/ime/mod.rs

@@ -17,8 +17,9 @@ use self::{
     callbacks::*,
     context::ImeContext,
     inner::{close_im, ImeInner},
-    input_method::PotentialInputMethods,
+    input_method::{PotentialInputMethods, Style},
 };
+
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
 #[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
 pub enum ImeEvent {
@@ -44,12 +45,13 @@ pub enum ImeRequest {
 }
 
 #[derive(Debug)]
-pub enum ImeCreationError {
-    OpenFailure(PotentialInputMethods),
+pub(crate) enum ImeCreationError {
+    // Boxed to prevent large error type
+    OpenFailure(Box<PotentialInputMethods>),
     SetDestroyCallbackFailed(XError),
 }
 
-pub struct Ime {
+pub(crate) struct Ime {
     xconn: Arc<XConnection>,
     // The actual meat of this struct is boxed away, since it needs to have a fixed location in
     // memory so we can pass a pointer to it around.
@@ -87,19 +89,21 @@ impl Ime {
 
         let is_fallback = input_method.is_fallback();
         if let Some(input_method) = input_method.ok() {
-            inner.im = input_method.im;
             inner.is_fallback = is_fallback;
             unsafe {
-                let result = set_destroy_callback(&xconn, input_method.im, &*inner)
+                let result = set_destroy_callback(&xconn, input_method.im, &inner)
                     .map_err(ImeCreationError::SetDestroyCallbackFailed);
                 if result.is_err() {
                     let _ = close_im(&xconn, input_method.im);
                 }
                 result?;
             }
+            inner.im = Some(input_method);
             Ok(Ime { xconn, inner })
         } else {
-            Err(ImeCreationError::OpenFailure(inner.potential_input_methods))
+            Err(ImeCreationError::OpenFailure(Box::new(
+                inner.potential_input_methods,
+            )))
         }
     }
 
@@ -120,37 +124,35 @@ impl Ime {
             // Create empty entry in map, so that when IME is rebuilt, this window has a context.
             None
         } else {
+            let im = self.inner.im.as_ref().unwrap();
+            let style = if with_preedit {
+                im.preedit_style
+            } else {
+                im.none_style
+            };
+
             let context = unsafe {
                 ImeContext::new(
                     &self.inner.xconn,
-                    self.inner.im,
+                    im.im,
+                    style,
                     window,
                     None,
-                    with_preedit,
                     self.inner.event_sender.clone(),
-                )
-                .or_else(|_| {
-                    debug!(
-                        "failed to create an IME context {} preedit support",
-                        if with_preedit { "with" } else { "without" }
-                    );
-                    ImeContext::new(
-                        &self.inner.xconn,
-                        self.inner.im,
-                        window,
-                        None,
-                        !with_preedit,
-                        self.inner.event_sender.clone(),
-                    )
-                })
-            }?;
+                )?
+            };
 
             // Check the state on the context, since it could fail to enable or disable preedit.
-            let event = if context.is_allowed {
-                ImeEvent::Enabled
-            } else {
-                // There's no IME without preedit.
+            let event = if matches!(style, Style::None(_)) {
+                if with_preedit {
+                    debug!("failed to create IME context with preedit support.")
+                }
                 ImeEvent::Disabled
+            } else {
+                if !with_preedit {
+                    debug!("failed to create IME context without preedit support.")
+                }
+                ImeEvent::Enabled
             };
 
             self.inner
@@ -160,6 +162,7 @@ impl Ime {
 
             Some(context)
         };
+
         self.inner.contexts.insert(window, context);
         Ok(!self.is_destroyed())
     }
@@ -168,7 +171,7 @@ impl Ime {
         if self.is_destroyed() {
             return None;
         }
-        if let Some(&Some(ref context)) = self.inner.contexts.get(&window) {
+        if let Some(Some(context)) = self.inner.contexts.get(&window) {
             Some(context.ic)
         } else {
             None
@@ -223,7 +226,7 @@ impl Ime {
         }
 
         if let Some(&mut Some(ref mut context)) = self.inner.contexts.get_mut(&window) {
-            if allowed == context.is_allowed {
+            if allowed == context.is_allowed() {
                 return;
             }
         }