Gamepad device events - Web/WASM (#1414)

Add gamepad support for stdweb and web-sys, as well as web-specific gamepad examples. 

* [web] Fix compilation error from device api

* [wasm] Apply device api changes

* [wasm] Format and cleanup

* [wasm32] Implement gamepad connections

* [wasm] Harmonize

* [Test] Made some tests with wasm-pack

* Quick fix instant non supporting Hash trait

* Fix on_received_character

* [web_sys] Split add_event and add_window_event

* [web] split device implementations

* Update tests/web...still does not work

* [tests/web] do not ignore index.html

* [web/web_sys] split canvas and window

* [tests/web] enable stack trace

* [web] fix borrowmut

* [web_sys] fix gamepad registration

* [web] harmonize naming

* [web_sys] create global emitter

* [web] implement gamepad buttons

* [web] implement gamepad axis

* [web] cleanup

* [web] update test

* [web] move tests/web to examples/web

* [web] axis does produce stick event

* [web] Support Stick event

* [web] implement gamepad to stdweb

* [web] rename examples/web to examples/wasm

* [web/web-sys] Move gamepad_manager from backend

* [web/web_sys] implement EventLoop::gamepads

* [web/web_sys] Drain gamepad events

* [web/stdweb] apply web_sys changes

* [web] update web/examples

* [web] move gamepads code to gamepad_manager

* [web] simplify and optimise

* [web] replace EventCode to GamepadAxis and GamepadButton structs

* [web] reuse gamepad events due to chrome issue

* [web] rumble does not work

* [web/stdweb] try debugging

* [web] fix Chrome gamepad not updated

* [web/stdweb] created an example

* [examples] fix paths

* fix warnings

* [web/examples] update comments

* [web/stdweb] add experimental support to vibrate()

* [web] add CR

.gitignore

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ Cargo.lock
 target/
 rls/
 .vscode/
+.cargo/
 util/
 *~
 *.wasm

CHANGELOG.md

@@ -1,35 +1,5 @@
 # Unreleased
 
-# 0.20.0 Alpha 6 (2020-01-03)
-
-- On macOS, fix `set_cursor_visible` hides cursor outside of window.
-- On macOS, fix `CursorEntered` and `CursorLeft` events fired at old window size.
-- On macOS, fix error when `set_fullscreen` is called during fullscreen transition.
-- On all platforms except mobile and WASM, implement `Window::set_minimized`.
-- On X11, fix `CursorEntered` event being generated for non-winit windows.
-- On macOS, fix crash when starting maximized without decorations.
-- On macOS, fix application not to terminate on `run_return`.
-- On Wayland, fix cursor icon updates on window borders when using CSD.
-- On Wayland, under mutter(GNOME Wayland), fix CSD being behind the status bar, when starting window in maximized mode.
-- On Windows, theme the title bar according to whether the system theme is "Light" or "Dark".
-- Added `WindowEvent::ThemeChanged` variant to handle changes to the system theme. Currently only implemented on Windows.
-- **Breaking**: Changes to the `RedrawRequested` event (#1041):
-  - `RedrawRequested` has been moved from `WindowEvent` to `Event`.
-  - `EventsCleared` has been renamed to `MainEventsCleared`.
-  - `RedrawRequested` is now issued only after `MainEventsCleared`.
-  - `RedrawEventsCleared` is issued after each set of `RedrawRequested` events.
-- Implement synthetic window focus key events on Windows.
-- **Breaking**: Change `ModifiersState` to a `bitflags` struct.
-- On Windows, implement `VirtualKeyCode` translation for `LWin` and `RWin`.
-- On Windows, fix closing the last opened window causing `DeviceEvent`s to stop getting emitted.
-- On Windows, fix `Window::set_visible` not setting internal flags correctly. This resulted in some weird behavior.
-- Add `DeviceEvent::ModifiersChanged`.
-  - Deprecate `modifiers` fields in other events in favor of `ModifiersChanged`.
-- On X11, `WINIT_HIDPI_FACTOR` now dominates `Xft.dpi` when picking DPI factor for output.
-- On X11, add special value `randr` for `WINIT_HIDPI_FACTOR` to make winit use self computed DPI factor instead of the one from `Xft.dpi`.
-
-# 0.20.0 Alpha 5 (2019-12-09)
-
 - On macOS, fix application termination on `ControlFlow::Exit`
 - On Windows, fix missing `ReceivedCharacter` events when Alt is held.
 - On macOS, stop emitting private corporate characters in `ReceivedCharacter` events.
@@ -38,13 +8,6 @@
 - On X11, fix key modifiers being incorrectly reported.
 - On X11, fix window creation hanging when another window is fullscreen.
 - On Windows, fix focusing unfocused windows when switching from fullscreen to windowed.
-- On X11, fix reporting incorrect DPI factor when waking from suspend.
-- Change `EventLoopClosed` to contain the original event.
-- **Breaking**: Add `is_synthetic` field to `WindowEvent` variant `KeyboardInput`,
-  indicating that the event is generated by winit.
-- On X11, generate synthetic key events for keys held when a window gains or loses focus.
-- On X11, issue a `CursorMoved` event when a `Touch` event occurs,
-  as X11 implicitly moves the cursor for such events.
 
 # 0.20.0 Alpha 4 (2019-10-18)
 
@@ -72,7 +35,6 @@
 - On X11, return dummy monitor data to avoid panicking when no monitors exist.
 - On X11, prevent stealing input focus when creating a new window.
   Only steal input focus when entering fullscreen mode.
-- On Wayland, fixed DeviceEvents for relative mouse movement is not always produced
 - On Wayland, add support for set_cursor_visible and set_cursor_grab.
 - On Wayland, fixed DeviceEvents for relative mouse movement is not always produced.
 - Removed `derivative` crate dependency.
@@ -188,6 +150,20 @@ and `WindowEvent::HoveredFile`.
 - On Windows, fix initial dimensions of a fullscreen window.
 - On Windows, Fix transparent borderless windows rendering wrong.
 
+- Improve event API documentation.
+- Overhaul device event API:
+  - **Breaking**: `Event::DeviceEvent` split into `MouseEvent`, `KeyboardEvent`, and `GamepadEvent`.
+  - **Breaking**: Remove `DeviceEvent::Text` variant.
+  - **Breaking**: `DeviceId` split into `MouseId`, `KeyboardId`, and `GamepadHandle`.
+  - **Breaking**: Removed device IDs from `WindowEvent` variants.
+  - Add `enumerate` function on device ID types to list all attached devices of that type.
+  - Add `is_connected` function on device ID types check if the specified device is still available.
+  - **Breaking**: On Windows, rename `DeviceIdExtWindows` to `DeviceExtWindows`.
+    - Add `handle` function to retrieve the underlying `HANDLE`.
+- On Windows, fix duplicate device events getting sent if Winit managed multiple windows.
+- On Windows, raw mouse events now report Mouse4 and Mouse5 presses and releases.
+- Added gamepad support on Windows via raw input and XInput.
+
 # Version 0.19.1 (2019-04-08)
 
 - On Wayland, added a `get_wayland_display` function to `EventsLoopExt`.

Cargo.toml

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 [package]
 name = "winit"
-version = "0.20.0-alpha6"
+version = "0.20.0-alpha4"
 authors = ["The winit contributors", "Pierre Krieger <pierre.krieger1708@gmail.com>"]
 description = "Cross-platform window creation library."
 edition = "2018"
@@ -25,7 +25,6 @@ libc = "0.2.64"
 log = "0.4"
 serde = { version = "1", optional = true, features = ["serde_derive"] }
 raw-window-handle = "0.3"
-bitflags = "1"
 
 [dev-dependencies]
 image = "0.21"
@@ -49,6 +48,10 @@ version = "0.1.3"
 default_features = false
 features = ["display_link"]
 
+[target.'cfg(any(target_os = "ios", target_os = "windows"))'.dependencies]
+bitflags = "1"
+rusty-xinput = "1.0"
+
 [target.'cfg(target_os = "windows")'.dependencies.winapi]
 version = "0.3.6"
 features = [
@@ -56,6 +59,7 @@ features = [
     "commctrl",
     "dwmapi",
     "errhandlingapi",
+    "hidpi",
     "hidusage",
     "libloaderapi",
     "objbase",
@@ -71,6 +75,7 @@ features = [
     "wingdi",
     "winnt",
     "winuser",
+    "xinput",
 ]
 
 [target.'cfg(any(target_os = "linux", target_os = "dragonfly", target_os = "freebsd", target_os = "openbsd", target_os = "netbsd"))'.dependencies]
@@ -101,9 +106,24 @@ features = [
     'KeyboardEvent',
     'MouseEvent',
     'Node',
+    'Navigator',
     'PointerEvent',
     'Window',
-    'WheelEvent'
+    'WheelEvent',
+    'Gamepad',
+    'GamepadAxisMoveEvent',
+    'GamepadAxisMoveEventInit',
+    'GamepadButton',
+    'GamepadButtonEvent',
+    'GamepadButtonEventInit',
+    'GamepadEvent',
+    'GamepadEventInit',
+    'GamepadHand',
+    'GamepadHapticActuator',
+    'GamepadHapticActuatorType',
+    'GamepadMappingType',
+    'GamepadPose',
+    'GamepadServiceTest'
 ]
 
 [target.'cfg(target_arch = "wasm32")'.dependencies.wasm-bindgen]
@@ -115,6 +135,3 @@ package = "stdweb"
 version = "=0.4.20"
 optional = true
 features = ["experimental_features_which_may_break_on_minor_version_bumps"]
-
-[target.'cfg(target_arch = "wasm32")'.dev-dependencies]
-console_log = "0.1"

FEATURES.md

@@ -80,7 +80,6 @@ If your PR makes notable changes to Winit's features, please update this section
 - **Window maximization**: The windows created by winit can be maximized upon creation.
 - **Window maximization toggle**: The windows created by winit can be maximized and unmaximized after
   creation.
-- **Window minimization**: The windows created by winit can be minimized after creation.
 - **Fullscreen**: The windows created by winit can be put into fullscreen mode.
 - **Fullscreen toggle**: The windows created by winit can be switched to and from fullscreen after
   creation.
@@ -117,7 +116,6 @@ If your PR makes notable changes to Winit's features, please update this section
 * Setting the taskbar icon
 * Setting the parent window
 * `WS_EX_NOREDIRECTIONBITMAP` support
-* Theme the title bar according to Windows 10 Dark Mode setting
 
 ### macOS
 * Window activation policy
@@ -175,7 +173,6 @@ Legend:
 |Window transparency              |✔️     |✔️     |✔️         |✔️             |**N/A**|**N/A**|N/A        |
 |Window maximization              |✔️     |✔️     |✔️         |✔️             |**N/A**|**N/A**|**N/A**|
 |Window maximization toggle       |✔️     |✔️     |✔️         |✔️             |**N/A**|**N/A**|**N/A**|
-|Window minimization              |✔️     |✔️     |✔️         |✔️             |**N/A**|**N/A**|**N/A**|
 |Fullscreen                       |✔️     |✔️     |✔️         |✔️             |**N/A**|✔️     |✔️        |
 |Fullscreen toggle                |✔️     |✔️     |✔️         |✔️             |**N/A**|✔️     |✔️        |
 |Exclusive fullscreen             |✔️     |✔️     |✔️         |**N/A**         |❌    |✔️     |**N/A**|

README.md

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 
 ```toml
 [dependencies]
-winit = "0.20.0-alpha6"
+winit = "0.20.0-alpha4"
 ```
 
 ## [Documentation](https://docs.rs/winit)

examples/cursor.rs

@@ -15,14 +15,10 @@ fn main() {
     event_loop.run(move |event, _, control_flow| match event {
         Event::WindowEvent {
             event:
-                WindowEvent::KeyboardInput {
-                    input:
-                        KeyboardInput {
-                            state: ElementState::Pressed,
-                            ..
-                        },
+                WindowEvent::KeyboardInput(KeyboardInput {
+                    state: ElementState::Pressed,
                     ..
-                },
+                }),
             ..
         } => {
             println!("Setting cursor to \"{:?}\"", CURSORS[cursor_idx]);

examples/cursor_grab.rs

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 use winit::{
-    event::{DeviceEvent, ElementState, Event, KeyboardInput, ModifiersState, WindowEvent},
+    event::{DeviceEvent, ElementState, Event, KeyboardInput, WindowEvent},
     event_loop::{ControlFlow, EventLoop},
     window::WindowBuilder,
 };
@@ -12,27 +12,22 @@ fn main() {
         .build(&event_loop)
         .unwrap();
 
-    let mut modifiers = ModifiersState::default();
-
     event_loop.run(move |event, _, control_flow| {
         *control_flow = ControlFlow::Wait;
         match event {
             Event::WindowEvent { event, .. } => match event {
                 WindowEvent::CloseRequested => *control_flow = ControlFlow::Exit,
-                WindowEvent::KeyboardInput {
-                    input:
-                        KeyboardInput {
-                            state: ElementState::Released,
-                            virtual_keycode: Some(key),
-                            ..
-                        },
+                WindowEvent::KeyboardInput(KeyboardInput {
+                    state: ElementState::Released,
+                    virtual_keycode: Some(key),
+                    modifiers,
                     ..
-                } => {
+                }) => {
                     use winit::event::VirtualKeyCode::*;
                     match key {
                         Escape => *control_flow = ControlFlow::Exit,
-                        G => window.set_cursor_grab(!modifiers.shift()).unwrap(),
-                        H => window.set_cursor_visible(modifiers.shift()),
+                        G => window.set_cursor_grab(!modifiers.shift).unwrap(),
+                        H => window.set_cursor_visible(modifiers.shift),
                         _ => (),
                     }
                 }
@@ -44,7 +39,6 @@ fn main() {
                     ElementState::Pressed => println!("mouse button {} pressed", button),
                     ElementState::Released => println!("mouse button {} released", button),
                 },
-                DeviceEvent::ModifiersChanged(m) => modifiers = m,
                 _ => (),
             },
             _ => (),

examples/fullscreen.rs

@@ -35,15 +35,11 @@ fn main() {
         match event {
             Event::WindowEvent { event, .. } => match event {
                 WindowEvent::CloseRequested => *control_flow = ControlFlow::Exit,
-                WindowEvent::KeyboardInput {
-                    input:
-                        KeyboardInput {
-                            virtual_keycode: Some(virtual_code),
-                            state,
-                            ..
-                        },
+                WindowEvent::KeyboardInput(KeyboardInput {
+                    virtual_keycode: Some(virtual_code),
+                    state,
                     ..
-                } => match (virtual_code, state) {
+                }) => match (virtual_code, state) {
                     (VirtualKeyCode::Escape, _) => *control_flow = ControlFlow::Exit,
                     (VirtualKeyCode::F, ElementState::Pressed) => {
                         if window.fullscreen().is_some() {

examples/gamepad.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+use winit::{
+    event::{
+        device::{GamepadEvent, GamepadHandle},
+        Event, WindowEvent,
+    },
+    event_loop::{ControlFlow, EventLoop},
+    window::WindowBuilder,
+};
+
+fn main() {
+    let event_loop = EventLoop::new();
+
+    let _window = WindowBuilder::new()
+        .with_title("The world's worst video game")
+        .build(&event_loop)
+        .unwrap();
+
+    println!("enumerating gamepads:");
+    for gamepad in GamepadHandle::enumerate(&event_loop) {
+        println!(
+            "    gamepad={:?}\tport={:?}\tbattery level={:?}",
+            gamepad,
+            gamepad.port(),
+            gamepad.battery_level()
+        );
+    }
+
+    let deadzone = 0.12;
+
+    event_loop.run(move |event, _, control_flow| {
+        match event {
+            Event::GamepadEvent(gamepad_handle, event) => {
+                match event {
+                    // Discard any Axis events that has a corresponding Stick event.
+                    GamepadEvent::Axis { stick: true, .. } => (),
+
+                    // Discard any Stick event that falls inside the stick's deadzone.
+                    GamepadEvent::Stick {
+                        x_value, y_value, ..
+                    } if (x_value.powi(2) + y_value.powi(2)).sqrt() < deadzone => (),
+
+                    _ => println!("[{:?}] {:#?}", gamepad_handle, event),
+                }
+            }
+            Event::WindowEvent {
+                event: WindowEvent::CloseRequested,
+                ..
+            } => *control_flow = ControlFlow::Exit,
+            _ => (),
+        }
+    });
+}

examples/gamepad_rumble.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+use std::time::Instant;
+use winit::event_loop::EventLoop;
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+enum Rumble {
+    None,
+    Left,
+    Right,
+}
+
+fn main() {
+    let event_loop = EventLoop::new();
+
+    // You should generally use `GamepadEvent::Added/Removed` to detect gamepads, as doing that will
+    // allow you to more easily support gamepad hotswapping. However, we're using `enumerate` here
+    // because it makes this example more concise.
+    let gamepads = winit::event::device::GamepadHandle::enumerate(&event_loop).collect::<Vec<_>>();
+
+    let rumble_patterns = &[
+        (0.5, Rumble::None),
+        (2.0, Rumble::Left),
+        (0.5, Rumble::None),
+        (2.0, Rumble::Right),
+    ];
+    let mut rumble_iter = rumble_patterns.iter().cloned().cycle();
+
+    let mut active_pattern = rumble_iter.next().unwrap();
+    let mut timeout = active_pattern.0;
+    let mut timeout_start = Instant::now();
+
+    event_loop.run(move |_, _, _| {
+        if timeout <= active_pattern.0 {
+            let t = (timeout / active_pattern.0) * std::f64::consts::PI;
+            let intensity = t.sin();
+
+            for g in &gamepads {
+                let result = match active_pattern.1 {
+                    Rumble::Left => g.rumble(intensity, 0.0),
+                    Rumble::Right => g.rumble(0.0, intensity),
+                    Rumble::None => Ok(()),
+                };
+
+                if let Err(e) = result {
+                    println!("Rumble failed: {:?}", e);
+                }
+            }
+
+            timeout = (Instant::now() - timeout_start).as_millis() as f64 / 1000.0;
+        } else {
+            active_pattern = rumble_iter.next().unwrap();
+            println!(
+                "Rumbling {:?} for {:?} seconds",
+                active_pattern.1, active_pattern.0
+            );
+
+            timeout = 0.0;
+            timeout_start = Instant::now();
+        }
+    });
+}

examples/handling_close.rs

@@ -41,15 +41,11 @@ fn main() {
                         // closing the window. How to close the window is detailed in the handler for
                         // the Y key.
                     }
-                    WindowEvent::KeyboardInput {
-                        input:
-                            KeyboardInput {
-                                virtual_keycode: Some(virtual_code),
-                                state: Released,
-                                ..
-                            },
+                    WindowEvent::KeyboardInput(KeyboardInput {
+                        virtual_keycode: Some(virtual_code),
+                        state: Released,
                         ..
-                    } => {
+                    }) => {
                         match virtual_code {
                             Y => {
                                 if close_requested {

examples/minimize.rs

@@ -1,35 +0,0 @@
-extern crate winit;
-
-use winit::event::{Event, VirtualKeyCode, WindowEvent};
-use winit::event_loop::{ControlFlow, EventLoop};
-use winit::window::WindowBuilder;
-
-fn main() {
-    let event_loop = EventLoop::new();
-
-    let window = WindowBuilder::new()
-        .with_title("A fantastic window!")
-        .build(&event_loop)
-        .unwrap();
-
-    event_loop.run(move |event, _, control_flow| match event {
-        Event::WindowEvent {
-            event: WindowEvent::CloseRequested,
-            ..
-        } => *control_flow = ControlFlow::Exit,
-
-        // Keyboard input event to handle minimize via a hotkey
-        Event::WindowEvent {
-            event: WindowEvent::KeyboardInput { input, .. },
-            window_id,
-        } => {
-            if window_id == window.id() {
-                // Pressing the 'M' key will minimize the window
-                if input.virtual_keycode == Some(VirtualKeyCode::M) {
-                    window.set_minimized(true);
-                }
-            }
-        }
-        _ => *control_flow = ControlFlow::Wait,
-    });
-}

examples/multithreaded.rs

@@ -49,18 +49,14 @@ fn main() {
                             );
                         }
                     }
-                    WindowEvent::KeyboardInput {
-                        input:
-                            KeyboardInput {
-                                state: ElementState::Released,
-                                virtual_keycode: Some(key),
-                                modifiers,
-                                ..
-                            },
+                    WindowEvent::KeyboardInput(KeyboardInput {
+                        state: ElementState::Released,
+                        virtual_keycode: Some(key),
+                        modifiers,
                         ..
-                    } => {
+                    }) => {
                         window.set_title(&format!("{:?}", key));
-                        let state = !modifiers.shift();
+                        let state = !modifiers.shift;
                         use VirtualKeyCode::*;
                         match key {
                             A => window.set_always_on_top(state),
@@ -81,7 +77,7 @@ fn main() {
                                     video_modes.iter().nth(video_mode_id).unwrap()
                                 );
                             }
-                            F => window.set_fullscreen(match (state, modifiers.alt()) {
+                            F => window.set_fullscreen(match (state, modifiers.alt) {
                                 (true, false) => {
                                     Some(Fullscreen::Borderless(window.current_monitor()))
                                 }
@@ -148,15 +144,11 @@ fn main() {
             Event::WindowEvent { event, window_id } => match event {
                 WindowEvent::CloseRequested
                 | WindowEvent::Destroyed
-                | WindowEvent::KeyboardInput {
-                    input:
-                        KeyboardInput {
-                            state: ElementState::Released,
-                            virtual_keycode: Some(VirtualKeyCode::Escape),
-                            ..
-                        },
+                | WindowEvent::KeyboardInput(KeyboardInput {
+                state: ElementState::Released,
+                    virtual_keycode: Some(VirtualKeyCode::Escape),
                     ..
-                } => {
+                }) => {
                     window_senders.remove(&window_id);
                 }
                 _ => {

examples/multiwindow.rs

@@ -29,14 +29,10 @@ fn main() {
                             *control_flow = ControlFlow::Exit;
                         }
                     }
-                    WindowEvent::KeyboardInput {
-                        input:
-                            KeyboardInput {
-                                state: ElementState::Pressed,
-                                ..
-                            },
+                    WindowEvent::KeyboardInput(KeyboardInput {
+                        state: ElementState::Pressed,
                         ..
-                    } => {
+                    }) => {
                         let window = Window::new(&event_loop).unwrap();
                         windows.insert(window.id(), window);
                     }

examples/request_redraw.rs

@@ -20,11 +20,14 @@ fn main() {
             event: WindowEvent::CloseRequested,
             ..
         } => *control_flow = ControlFlow::Exit,
-        Event::MainEventsCleared => {
+        Event::EventsCleared => {
             window.request_redraw();
             *control_flow = ControlFlow::WaitUntil(Instant::now() + Duration::new(1, 0))
         }
-        Event::RedrawRequested(_) => {
+        Event::WindowEvent {
+            event: WindowEvent::RedrawRequested,
+            ..
+        } => {
             println!("{:?}", event);
         }
         _ => (),

examples/resizable.rs

@@ -21,15 +21,11 @@ fn main() {
         match event {
             Event::WindowEvent { event, .. } => match event {
                 WindowEvent::CloseRequested => *control_flow = ControlFlow::Exit,
-                WindowEvent::KeyboardInput {
-                    input:
-                        KeyboardInput {
-                            virtual_keycode: Some(VirtualKeyCode::Space),
-                            state: ElementState::Released,
-                            ..
-                        },
+                WindowEvent::KeyboardInput(KeyboardInput {
+                    virtual_keycode: Some(VirtualKeyCode::Space),
+                    state: ElementState::Released,
                     ..
-                } => {
+                }) => {
                     resizable = !resizable;
                     println!("Resizable: {}", resizable);
                     window.set_resizable(resizable);

examples/web.rs

@@ -1,72 +0,0 @@
-use winit::{
-    event::{Event, WindowEvent},
-    event_loop::{ControlFlow, EventLoop},
-    window::WindowBuilder,
-};
-
-pub fn main() {
-    let event_loop = EventLoop::new();
-
-    let window = WindowBuilder::new()
-        .with_title("A fantastic window!")
-        .build(&event_loop)
-        .unwrap();
-
-    #[cfg(feature = "web-sys")]
-    {
-        use winit::platform::web::WindowExtWebSys;
-
-        let canvas = window.canvas();
-
-        let window = web_sys::window().unwrap();
-        let document = window.document().unwrap();
-        let body = document.body().unwrap();
-
-        body.append_child(&canvas)
-            .expect("Append canvas to HTML body");
-    }
-
-    #[cfg(feature = "stdweb")]
-    {
-        use std_web::web::INode;
-        use winit::platform::web::WindowExtStdweb;
-
-        let canvas = window.canvas();
-
-        let document = std_web::web::document();
-        let body: std_web::web::Node = document.body().expect("Get HTML body").into();
-
-        body.append_child(&canvas);
-    }
-
-    event_loop.run(move |event, _, control_flow| {
-        #[cfg(feature = "web-sys")]
-        log::debug!("{:?}", event);
-
-        #[cfg(feature = "stdweb")]
-        std_web::console!(log, "%s", format!("{:?}", event));
-
-        match event {
-            Event::WindowEvent {
-                event: WindowEvent::CloseRequested,
-                window_id,
-            } if window_id == window.id() => *control_flow = ControlFlow::Exit,
-            Event::MainEventsCleared => {
-                window.request_redraw();
-            }
-            _ => *control_flow = ControlFlow::Wait,
-        }
-    });
-}
-
-#[cfg(feature = "web-sys")]
-mod wasm {
-    use wasm_bindgen::prelude::*;
-
-    #[wasm_bindgen(start)]
-    pub fn run() {
-        console_log::init_with_level(log::Level::Debug);
-
-        super::main();
-    }
-}

examples/web/gamepad/stdweb/Cargo.toml

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+[package]
+name = "stdweb-gamepad"
+version = "0.1.0"
+authors = ["furiouzz <christophe.massolin@gmail.com>"]
+edition = "2018"
+
+# See more keys and their definitions at https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/manifest.html
+
+[dependencies]
+winit = { path = "../../../../", features = [ "stdweb" ] }
+stdweb = "0.4.20"

examples/web/gamepad/stdweb/src/main.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+use winit::{
+    event::{device::GamepadEvent, Event, WindowEvent},
+    event_loop::{ControlFlow, EventLoop},
+    window::WindowBuilder,
+};
+
+use stdweb::js;
+
+/**
+ * Build example (from examples/web/gamepad/stdweb):
+ *    cargo web build
+ * Run example (from examples/web/gamepad/stdweb):
+ *    cargo web start
+ * Development (from project root):
+ *    npx nodemon --watch src --watch examples/web/gamepad/stdweb/src -e rs --exec 'cargo web check'
+ */
+
+pub fn main() {
+    let event_loop = EventLoop::new();
+
+    let _window = WindowBuilder::new()
+        .with_title("Gamepad tests")
+        .build(&event_loop)
+        .unwrap();
+
+    let deadzone = 0.12;
+
+    event_loop.run(move |event, _, control_flow| match event {
+        Event::GamepadEvent(gamepad_handle, event) => match event {
+            GamepadEvent::Axis {
+                axis_id,
+                axis,
+                value,
+                stick,
+            } if value > deadzone => {
+                let string = format!("Axis {:#?} {:#?} {:#?} {:#?}", axis_id, axis, value, stick);
+                js! { console.log( @{string} ); }
+            }
+
+            GamepadEvent::Stick {
+                x_id,
+                y_id,
+                x_value,
+                y_value,
+                side,
+            } if (x_value.powi(2) + y_value.powi(2)).sqrt() > deadzone => {
+                let string = format!(
+                    "Stick {:#?} {:#?} {:#?} {:#?} {:#?}",
+                    x_id, y_id, x_value, y_value, side
+                );
+                js! { console.log( @{string} ); }
+            }
+
+            GamepadEvent::Button {
+                button_id,
+                button,
+                state,
+            } => {
+                let string = format!("Button {:#?} {:#?} {:#?}", button_id, button, state);
+                js! { console.log( @{string} ); }
+            }
+
+            GamepadEvent::Added => {
+                let string = format!("[{:?}] {:#?}", gamepad_handle, event);
+                js! { console.log( @{string} ); }
+            }
+            GamepadEvent::Removed => {
+                let string = format!("[{:?}] {:#?}", gamepad_handle, event);
+                js! { console.log( @{string} ); }
+            }
+
+            _ => {}
+        },
+        Event::WindowEvent {
+            event: WindowEvent::CloseRequested,
+            ..
+        } => *control_flow = ControlFlow::Exit,
+        _ => (),
+    });
+}

examples/web/gamepad/websys/.gitignore

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+/target
+**/*.rs.bk
+Cargo.lock
+bin/
+pkg/
+wasm-pack.log
+.DS_Store

examples/web/gamepad/websys/Cargo.toml

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+[package]
+name = "websys-gamepad"
+version = "0.0.1"
+authors = ["The winit contributors", "Pierre Krieger <pierre.krieger1708@gmail.com>"]
+edition = "2018"
+
+[lib]
+crate-type = ["cdylib", "rlib"]
+
+[dependencies]
+winit = { path = "../../../../", features = [ "web-sys" ] }
+wasm-bindgen = "0.2.45"
+wasm-bindgen-test = "0.3.8"
+web-sys = { version = "0.3.22", features = [ "console" ] }
+
+# The `console_error_panic_hook` crate provides better debugging of panics by
+# logging them with `console.error`. This is great for development, but requires
+# all the `std::fmt` and `std::panicking` infrastructure, so isn't great for
+# code size when deploying.
+console_error_panic_hook = "0.1.6"

examples/web/gamepad/websys/files/gamepad.html

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html lang="en">
+<head>
+  <meta charset="UTF-8">
+  <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
+  <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge">
+  <title>Gamepad</title>
+</head>
+<body>
+  <canvas id="my_id"></canvas>
+  <script>
+    window.Module = {
+      canvas: document.getElementById('my_id')
+    }
+  </script>
+  <script type="module">
+    import example_gamepad from "../pkg/websys_examples.js"
+    example_gamepad()
+    .then((m) => console.log('Success', m))
+    .catch((e) => console.log('Ar error occured', e))
+  </script>
+</body>
+</html>

examples/web/gamepad/websys/src/lib.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+mod utils;
+
+use wasm_bindgen::prelude::*;
+use winit::{
+    event::{device::GamepadEvent, Event, WindowEvent},
+    event_loop::{ControlFlow, EventLoop},
+    window::WindowBuilder,
+};
+
+/**
+ * Build example (from examples/gamepad/websys):
+ *    wasm-pack build --target web
+ * Run web server (from examples/gamepad/websys):
+ *    npx http-server
+ *    Open your browser at http://localhost:8000/files/${EXAMPLE}.html
+ * Development (from project root):
+ *    npx nodemon --watch src --watch examples/web/gamepad/websys/src -e rs --exec 'cd examples/web/gamepad/websys && wasm-pack build --target web'
+ */
+
+macro_rules! console_log {
+  ($($t:tt)*) => (web_sys::console::log_1(&format_args!($($t)*).to_string().into()))
+}
+
+#[wasm_bindgen(start)]
+pub fn example_gamepad() {
+    utils::set_panic_hook(); // needed for error stack trace
+    let event_loop = EventLoop::new();
+
+    let _window = WindowBuilder::new()
+        .with_title("Gamepad tests")
+        .build(&event_loop)
+        .unwrap();
+
+    let deadzone = 0.12;
+
+    event_loop.run(move |event, _, control_flow| {
+        match event {
+            Event::GamepadEvent(gamepad_handle, event) => {
+                match event {
+                    GamepadEvent::Axis {
+                        axis_id,
+                        axis,
+                        value,
+                        stick,
+                    } if value > deadzone => {
+                        console_log!("Axis {:#?} {:#?} {:#?} {:#?}", axis_id, axis, value, stick)
+                    },
+
+                    GamepadEvent::Stick {
+                        x_id, y_id, x_value, y_value, side
+                    } if (x_value.powi(2) + y_value.powi(2)).sqrt() > deadzone => {
+                        console_log!("Stick {:#?} {:#?} {:#?} {:#?} {:#?}", x_id, y_id, x_value, y_value, side)
+                    },
+
+                    GamepadEvent::Button {
+                        button_id,
+                        button,
+                        state,
+                    } => {
+                        console_log!("Button {:#?} {:#?} {:#?}", button_id, button, state)
+                    },
+
+                    GamepadEvent::Added => {
+                        console_log!("[{:?}] {:#?}", gamepad_handle, event)
+                    },
+                    GamepadEvent::Removed => console_log!("[{:?}] {:#?}", gamepad_handle, event),
+
+                    _ => {},
+                }
+            }
+            Event::WindowEvent {
+                event: WindowEvent::CloseRequested,
+                ..
+            } => *control_flow = ControlFlow::Exit,
+            _ => (),
+        }
+    });
+}

examples/web/gamepad/websys/src/utils.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+pub fn set_panic_hook() {
+  // When the `console_error_panic_hook` feature is enabled, we can call the
+  // `set_panic_hook` function at least once during initialization, and then
+  // we will get better error messages if our code ever panics.
+  //
+  // For more details see
+  // https://github.com/rustwasm/console_error_panic_hook#readme
+  // #[cfg(feature = "console_error_panic_hook")]
+  console_error_panic_hook::set_once();
+}

examples/window.rs

@@ -20,10 +20,7 @@ fn main() {
                 event: WindowEvent::CloseRequested,
                 window_id,
             } if window_id == window.id() => *control_flow = ControlFlow::Exit,
-            Event::MainEventsCleared => {
-                window.request_redraw();
-            }
-            _ => *control_flow = ControlFlow::Poll,
+            _ => *control_flow = ControlFlow::Wait,
         }
     });
 }

examples/window_run_return.rs

@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ fn main() {
                     quit = true;
                     *control_flow = ControlFlow::Exit;
                 }
-                Event::MainEventsCleared => {
+                Event::EventsCleared => {
                     *control_flow = ControlFlow::Exit;
                 }
                 _ => *control_flow = ControlFlow::Wait,

src/event.rs

@@ -9,11 +9,12 @@ use std::path::PathBuf;
 
 use crate::{
     dpi::{LogicalPosition, LogicalSize},
-    platform_impl,
-    window::{Theme, WindowId},
+    window::WindowId,
 };
 
-/// Describes a generic event.
+pub mod device;
+
+/// A generic event.
 #[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq)]
 pub enum Event<T> {
     /// Emitted when the OS sends an event to a winit window.
@@ -21,31 +22,22 @@ pub enum Event<T> {
         window_id: WindowId,
         event: WindowEvent,
     },
-    /// Emitted when the OS sends an event to a device.
-    DeviceEvent {
-        device_id: DeviceId,
-        event: DeviceEvent,
-    },
-    /// Emitted when an event is sent from [`EventLoopProxy::send_event`](crate::event_loop::EventLoopProxy::send_event)
+
+    /// Emitted when a mouse device has generated input.
+    MouseEvent(device::MouseId, device::MouseEvent),
+    /// Emitted when a keyboard device has generated input.
+    KeyboardEvent(device::KeyboardId, device::KeyboardEvent),
+    HidEvent(device::HidId, device::HidEvent),
+    /// Emitted when a gamepad/joystick device has generated input.
+    GamepadEvent(device::GamepadHandle, device::GamepadEvent),
+
+    /// Emitted when an event is sent from [`EventLoopProxy::send_event`](../event_loop/struct.EventLoopProxy.html#method.send_event)
     UserEvent(T),
     /// Emitted when new events arrive from the OS to be processed.
     NewEvents(StartCause),
-    /// Emitted when all events (except for `RedrawRequested`) have been reported.
-    ///
-    /// This event is followed by zero or more instances of `RedrawRequested`
-    /// and, finally, `RedrawEventsCleared`.
-    MainEventsCleared,
-
-    /// The OS or application has requested that a window be redrawn.
-    ///
-    /// Emitted only after `MainEventsCleared`.
-    RedrawRequested(WindowId),
-
-    /// Emitted after any `RedrawRequested` events.
-    ///
-    /// If there are no `RedrawRequested` events, it is reported immediately after
-    /// `MainEventsCleared`.
-    RedrawEventsCleared,
+    /// Emitted when all of the event loop's events have been processed and control flow is about
+    /// to be taken away from the program.
+    EventsCleared,
 
     /// Emitted when the event loop is being shut down. This is irreversable - if this event is
     /// emitted, it is guaranteed to be the last event emitted.
@@ -64,11 +56,12 @@ impl<T> Event<T> {
         match self {
             UserEvent(_) => Err(self),
             WindowEvent { window_id, event } => Ok(WindowEvent { window_id, event }),
-            DeviceEvent { device_id, event } => Ok(DeviceEvent { device_id, event }),
+            MouseEvent(id, event) => Ok(MouseEvent(id, event)),
+            KeyboardEvent(id, event) => Ok(KeyboardEvent(id, event)),
+            HidEvent(id, event) => Ok(HidEvent(id, event)),
+            GamepadEvent(id, event) => Ok(GamepadEvent(id, event)),
             NewEvents(cause) => Ok(NewEvents(cause)),
-            MainEventsCleared => Ok(MainEventsCleared),
-            RedrawRequested(wid) => Ok(RedrawRequested(wid)),
-            RedrawEventsCleared => Ok(RedrawEventsCleared),
+            EventsCleared => Ok(EventsCleared),
             LoopDestroyed => Ok(LoopDestroyed),
             Suspended => Ok(Suspended),
             Resumed => Ok(Resumed),
@@ -76,7 +69,7 @@ impl<T> Event<T> {
     }
 }
 
-/// Describes the reason the event loop is resuming.
+/// The reason the event loop is resuming.
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
 pub enum StartCause {
     /// Sent if the time specified by `ControlFlow::WaitUntil` has been reached. Contains the
@@ -102,7 +95,7 @@ pub enum StartCause {
     Init,
 }
 
-/// Describes an event from a `Window`.
+/// An event from a `Window`.
 #[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq)]
 pub enum WindowEvent {
     /// The size of the window has changed. Contains the client area's new dimensions.
@@ -144,54 +137,34 @@ pub enum WindowEvent {
     Focused(bool),
 
     /// An event from the keyboard has been received.
-    KeyboardInput {
-        device_id: DeviceId,
-        input: KeyboardInput,
-        /// If `true`, the event was generated synthetically by winit
-        /// in one of the following circumstances:
-        ///
-        /// * Synthetic key press events are generated for all keys pressed
-        ///   when a window gains focus. Likewise, synthetic key release events
-        ///   are generated for all keys pressed when a window goes out of focus.
-        ///   ***Currently, this is only functional on X11 and Windows***
-        ///
-        /// Otherwise, this value is always `false`.
-        is_synthetic: bool,
-    },
+    KeyboardInput(KeyboardInput),
 
     /// The cursor has moved on the window.
     CursorMoved {
-        device_id: DeviceId,
-
         /// (x,y) coords in pixels relative to the top-left corner of the window. Because the range of this data is
         /// limited by the display area and it may have been transformed by the OS to implement effects such as cursor
         /// acceleration, it should not be used to implement non-cursor-like interactions such as 3D camera control.
         position: LogicalPosition,
-        #[deprecated = "Deprecated in favor of DeviceEvent::ModifiersChanged"]
         modifiers: ModifiersState,
     },
 
     /// The cursor has entered the window.
-    CursorEntered { device_id: DeviceId },
+    CursorEntered,
 
     /// The cursor has left the window.
-    CursorLeft { device_id: DeviceId },
+    CursorLeft,
 
     /// A mouse wheel movement or touchpad scroll occurred.
     MouseWheel {
-        device_id: DeviceId,
         delta: MouseScrollDelta,
         phase: TouchPhase,
-        #[deprecated = "Deprecated in favor of DeviceEvent::ModifiersChanged"]
         modifiers: ModifiersState,
     },
 
     /// An mouse button press has been received.
     MouseInput {
-        device_id: DeviceId,
         state: ElementState,
         button: MouseButton,
-        #[deprecated = "Deprecated in favor of DeviceEvent::ModifiersChanged"]
         modifiers: ModifiersState,
     },
 
@@ -200,18 +173,10 @@ pub enum WindowEvent {
     /// At the moment, only supported on Apple forcetouch-capable macbooks.
     /// The parameters are: pressure level (value between 0 and 1 representing how hard the touchpad
     /// is being pressed) and stage (integer representing the click level).
-    TouchpadPressure {
-        device_id: DeviceId,
-        pressure: f32,
-        stage: i64,
-    },
+    TouchpadPressure { pressure: f32, stage: i64 },
 
-    /// Motion on some analog axis. May report data redundant to other, more specific events.
-    AxisMotion {
-        device_id: DeviceId,
-        axis: AxisId,
-        value: f64,
-    },
+    /// The OS or application has requested that the window be redrawn.
+    RedrawRequested,
 
     /// Touch event has been received
     Touch(Touch),
@@ -226,94 +191,9 @@ pub enum WindowEvent {
     ///
     /// For more information about DPI in general, see the [`dpi`](crate::dpi) module.
     HiDpiFactorChanged(f64),
-
-    /// The system window theme has changed.
-    ///
-    /// Applications might wish to react to this to change the theme of the content of the window
-    /// when the system changes the window theme.
-    ///
-    /// At the moment this is only supported on Windows.
-    ThemeChanged(Theme),
 }
 
-/// Identifier of an input device.
-///
-/// Whenever you receive an event arising from a particular input device, this event contains a `DeviceId` which
-/// identifies its origin. Note that devices may be virtual (representing an on-screen cursor and keyboard focus) or
-/// physical. Virtual devices typically aggregate inputs from multiple physical devices.
-#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord, Hash)]
-pub struct DeviceId(pub(crate) platform_impl::DeviceId);
-
-impl DeviceId {
-    /// Returns a dummy `DeviceId`, useful for unit testing. The only guarantee made about the return
-    /// value of this function is that it will always be equal to itself and to future values returned
-    /// by this function.  No other guarantees are made. This may be equal to a real `DeviceId`.
-    ///
-    /// **Passing this into a winit function will result in undefined behavior.**
-    pub unsafe fn dummy() -> Self {
-        DeviceId(platform_impl::DeviceId::dummy())
-    }
-}
-
-/// Represents raw hardware events that are not associated with any particular window.
-///
-/// Useful for interactions that diverge significantly from a conventional 2D GUI, such as 3D camera or first-person
-/// game controls. Many physical actions, such as mouse movement, can produce both device and window events. Because
-/// window events typically arise from virtual devices (corresponding to GUI cursors and keyboard focus) the device IDs
-/// may not match.
-///
-/// Note that these events are delivered regardless of input focus.
-#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq)]
-pub enum DeviceEvent {
-    Added,
-    Removed,
-
-    /// Change in physical position of a pointing device.
-    ///
-    /// This represents raw, unfiltered physical motion. Not to be confused with `WindowEvent::CursorMoved`.
-    MouseMotion {
-        /// (x, y) change in position in unspecified units.
-        ///
-        /// Different devices may use different units.
-        delta: (f64, f64),
-    },
-
-    /// Physical scroll event
-    MouseWheel {
-        delta: MouseScrollDelta,
-    },
-
-    /// Motion on some analog axis.  This event will be reported for all arbitrary input devices
-    /// that winit supports on this platform, including mouse devices.  If the device is a mouse
-    /// device then this will be reported alongside the MouseMotion event.
-    Motion {
-        axis: AxisId,
-        value: f64,
-    },
-
-    Button {
-        button: ButtonId,
-        state: ElementState,
-    },
-
-    Key(KeyboardInput),
-
-    /// The keyboard modifiers have changed.
-    ///
-    /// This is tracked internally to avoid tracking errors arising from modifier key state changes when events from
-    /// this device are not being delivered to the application, e.g. due to keyboard focus being elsewhere.
-    ///
-    /// Platform-specific behavior:
-    /// - **Web**: This API is currently unimplemented on the web. This isn't by design - it's an
-    ///   issue, and it should get fixed - but it's the current state of the API.
-    ModifiersChanged(ModifiersState),
-
-    Text {
-        codepoint: char,
-    },
-}
-
-/// Describes a keyboard input event.
+/// A keyboard input event.
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
 #[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
 pub struct KeyboardInput {
@@ -336,17 +216,19 @@ pub struct KeyboardInput {
     ///
     /// This is tracked internally to avoid tracking errors arising from modifier key state changes when events from
     /// this device are not being delivered to the application, e.g. due to keyboard focus being elsewhere.
-    #[deprecated = "Deprecated in favor of DeviceEvent::ModifiersChanged"]
     pub modifiers: ModifiersState,
 }
 
-/// Describes touch-screen input state.
+/// Touch input state.
 #[derive(Debug, Hash, PartialEq, Eq, Clone, Copy)]
 #[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
 pub enum TouchPhase {
     Started,
     Moved,
     Ended,
+    /// The touch has been cancelled by the OS.
+    ///
+    /// This can occur in a variety of situations, such as the window losing focus.
     Cancelled,
 }
 
@@ -368,7 +250,6 @@ pub enum TouchPhase {
 /// device against their face.
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq)]
 pub struct Touch {
-    pub device_id: DeviceId,
     pub phase: TouchPhase,
     pub location: LogicalPosition,
     /// Describes how hard the screen was pressed. May be `None` if the platform
@@ -379,6 +260,8 @@ pub struct Touch {
     /// - Only available on **iOS** 9.0+ and **Windows** 8+.
     pub force: Option<Force>,
     /// Unique identifier of a finger.
+    ///
+    /// This may get reused by the system after the touch ends.
     pub id: u64,
 }
 
@@ -447,16 +330,16 @@ pub type AxisId = u32;
 /// Identifier for a specific button on some device.
 pub type ButtonId = u32;
 
-/// Describes the input state of a key.
-#[derive(Debug, Hash, PartialEq, Eq, Clone, Copy)]
+/// The input state of a key or button.
+#[derive(Debug, Hash, PartialEq, Eq, Clone, Copy, PartialOrd, Ord)]
 #[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
 pub enum ElementState {
     Pressed,
     Released,
 }
 
-/// Describes a button of a mouse controller.
-#[derive(Debug, Hash, PartialEq, Eq, Clone, Copy)]
+/// A button on a mouse.
+#[derive(Debug, Hash, PartialEq, Eq, Clone, Copy, PartialOrd, Ord)]
 #[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
 pub enum MouseButton {
     Left,
@@ -465,7 +348,7 @@ pub enum MouseButton {
     Other(u8),
 }
 
-/// Describes a difference in the mouse scroll wheel state.
+/// A difference in the mouse scroll wheel state.
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq)]
 #[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
 pub enum MouseScrollDelta {
@@ -484,7 +367,7 @@ pub enum MouseScrollDelta {
     PixelDelta(LogicalPosition),
 }
 
-/// Symbolic name for a keyboard key.
+/// Symbolic name of a keyboard key.
 #[derive(Debug, Hash, Ord, PartialOrd, PartialEq, Eq, Clone, Copy)]
 #[repr(u32)]
 #[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
@@ -683,99 +566,21 @@ pub enum VirtualKeyCode {
     Cut,
 }
 
-impl ModifiersState {
-    /// Returns `true` if the shift key is pressed.
-    pub fn shift(&self) -> bool {
-        self.intersects(Self::SHIFT)
-    }
-    /// Returns `true` if the control key is pressed.
-    pub fn ctrl(&self) -> bool {
-        self.intersects(Self::CTRL)
-    }
-    /// Returns `true` if the alt key is pressed.
-    pub fn alt(&self) -> bool {
-        self.intersects(Self::ALT)
-    }
-    /// Returns `true` if the logo key is pressed.
-    pub fn logo(&self) -> bool {
-        self.intersects(Self::LOGO)
-    }
-}
-
-bitflags! {
-    /// Represents the current state of the keyboard modifiers
+/// The current state of the keyboard modifiers
+///
+/// Each field of this struct represents a modifier and is `true` if this modifier is active.
+#[derive(Default, Debug, Hash, PartialEq, Eq, Clone, Copy)]
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", serde(default))]
+pub struct ModifiersState {
+    /// The "shift" key
+    pub shift: bool,
+    /// The "control" key
+    pub ctrl: bool,
+    /// The "alt" key
+    pub alt: bool,
+    /// The "logo" key
     ///
-    /// Each flag represents a modifier and is set if this modifier is active.
-    #[derive(Default)]
-    pub struct ModifiersState: u32 {
-        // left and right modifiers are currently commented out, but we should be able to support
-        // them in a future release
-        /// The "shift" key.
-        const SHIFT = 0b100 << 0;
-        // const LSHIFT = 0b010 << 0;
-        // const RSHIFT = 0b001 << 0;
-        /// The "control" key.
-        const CTRL = 0b100 << 3;
-        // const LCTRL = 0b010 << 3;
-        // const RCTRL = 0b001 << 3;
-        /// The "alt" key.
-        const ALT = 0b100 << 6;
-        // const LALT = 0b010 << 6;
-        // const RALT = 0b001 << 6;
-        /// This is the "windows" key on PC and "command" key on Mac.
-        const LOGO = 0b100 << 9;
-        // const LLOGO = 0b010 << 9;
-        // const RLOGO = 0b001 << 9;
-    }
-}
-
-#[cfg(feature = "serde")]
-mod modifiers_serde {
-    use super::ModifiersState;
-    use serde::{Deserialize, Deserializer, Serialize, Serializer};
-
-    #[derive(Default, Serialize, Deserialize)]
-    #[serde(default)]
-    #[serde(rename = "ModifiersState")]
-    pub struct ModifiersStateSerialize {
-        pub shift: bool,
-        pub ctrl: bool,
-        pub alt: bool,
-        pub logo: bool,
-    }
-
-    impl Serialize for ModifiersState {
-        fn serialize<S>(&self, serializer: S) -> Result<S::Ok, S::Error>
-        where
-            S: Serializer,
-        {
-            let s = ModifiersStateSerialize {
-                shift: self.shift(),
-                ctrl: self.ctrl(),
-                alt: self.alt(),
-                logo: self.logo(),
-            };
-            s.serialize(serializer)
-        }
-    }
-
-    impl<'de> Deserialize<'de> for ModifiersState {
-        fn deserialize<D>(deserializer: D) -> Result<Self, D::Error>
-        where
-            D: Deserializer<'de>,
-        {
-            let ModifiersStateSerialize {
-                shift,
-                ctrl,
-                alt,
-                logo,
-            } = ModifiersStateSerialize::deserialize(deserializer)?;
-            let mut m = ModifiersState::empty();
-            m.set(ModifiersState::SHIFT, shift);
-            m.set(ModifiersState::CTRL, ctrl);
-            m.set(ModifiersState::ALT, alt);
-            m.set(ModifiersState::LOGO, logo);
-            Ok(m)
-        }
-    }
+    /// This is the "windows" key on PC and "command" key on Mac.
+    pub logo: bool,
 }

src/event/device.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,363 @@
+//! Raw hardware events that are not associated with any particular window.
+//!
+//! Useful for interactions that diverge significantly from a conventional 2D GUI, such as 3D camera or first-person
+//! game controls. Many physical actions, such as mouse movement, can produce both device and window events. Because
+//! window events typically arise from virtual devices (corresponding to GUI cursors and keyboard focus) the device IDs
+//! may not match.
+//!
+//! All attached devices are guaranteed to emit an `Added` event upon the initialization of the event loop.
+//!
+//! Note that device events are always delivered regardless of window focus.
+
+use crate::{
+    dpi::PhysicalPosition,
+    event::{AxisId, ButtonId, ElementState, KeyboardInput, MouseButton, ModifiersState},
+    event_loop::EventLoop,
+    platform_impl,
+};
+use std::{fmt, io};
+
+/// A hint suggesting the type of button that was pressed.
+#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash, PartialOrd, Ord)]
+pub enum GamepadButton {
+    Start,
+    Select,
+
+    /// The north face button.
+    ///
+    /// * Nintendo: X
+    /// * Playstation: Triangle
+    /// * XBox: Y
+    North,
+    /// The south face button.
+    ///
+    /// * Nintendo: B
+    /// * Playstation: X
+    /// * XBox: A
+    South,
+    /// The east face button.
+    ///
+    /// * Nintendo: A
+    /// * Playstation: Circle
+    /// * XBox: B
+    East,
+    /// The west face button.
+    ///
+    /// * Nintendo: Y
+    /// * Playstation: Square
+    /// * XBox: X
+    West,
+
+    LeftStick,
+    RightStick,
+
+    LeftTrigger,
+    RightTrigger,
+
+    LeftShoulder,
+    RightShoulder,
+
+    DPadUp,
+    DPadDown,
+    DPadLeft,
+    DPadRight,
+}
+
+/// A hint suggesting the type of axis that moved.
+#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash, PartialOrd, Ord)]
+pub enum GamepadAxis {
+    LeftStickX,
+    LeftStickY,
+
+    RightStickX,
+    RightStickY,
+
+    LeftTrigger,
+    RightTrigger,
+}
+
+/// A given joystick's side on the gamepad.
+#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash, PartialOrd, Ord)]
+pub enum Side {
+    Left,
+    Right,
+}
+
+/// Raw mouse events.
+///
+/// See the module-level docs for more information.
+#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, PartialEq)]
+pub enum MouseEvent {
+    /// A mouse device has been added.
+    Added,
+    /// A mouse device has been removed.
+    Removed,
+    /// A mouse button has been pressed or released.
+    Button {
+        state: ElementState,
+        button: MouseButton,
+    },
+    /// Relative change in physical position of a pointing device.
+    ///
+    /// This represents raw, unfiltered physical motion, NOT the position of the mouse. Accordingly,
+    /// the values provided here are the change in position of the mouse since the previous
+    /// `MovedRelative` event.
+    MovedRelative(f64, f64),
+    /// Change in absolute position of a pointing device.
+    ///
+    /// The `PhysicalPosition` value is the new position of the cursor relative to the desktop. This
+    /// generally doesn't get output by standard mouse devices, but can get output from tablet devices.
+    MovedAbsolute(PhysicalPosition),
+    /// Change in rotation of mouse wheel.
+    Wheel(f64, f64),
+}
+
+/// Raw keyboard events.
+///
+/// See the module-level docs for more information.
+#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Hash)]
+pub enum KeyboardEvent {
+    /// A keyboard device has been added.
+    Added,
+    /// A keyboard device has been removed.
+    Removed,
+    /// A key has been pressed or released.
+    Input(KeyboardInput),
+    ModifiersChanged(ModifiersState),
+}
+
+/// Raw HID event.
+///
+/// See the module-level docs for more information.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Hash)]
+pub enum HidEvent {
+    /// A Human Interface Device device has been added.
+    Added,
+    /// A Human Interface Device device has been removed.
+    Removed,
+    /// A raw data packet has been received from the Human Interface Device.
+    Data(Box<[u8]>),
+}
+
+/// Gamepad/joystick events.
+///
+/// These can be generated by any of a variety of game controllers, including (but not limited to)
+/// gamepads, joysicks, and HOTAS devices.
+#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, PartialEq, PartialOrd)]
+pub enum GamepadEvent {
+    /// A gamepad/joystick device has been added.
+    Added,
+    /// A gamepad/joystick device has been removed.
+    Removed,
+    /// An analog axis value on the gamepad/joystick has changed.
+    ///
+    /// Winit does NOT provide [deadzone filtering](https://www.quora.com/What-does-the-term-joystick-deadzone-mean),
+    /// and such filtering may have to be provided by API users for joystick axes.
+    Axis {
+        axis_id: AxisId,
+        /// A hint regarding the physical axis that moved.
+        ///
+        /// On traditional gamepads (such as an X360 controller) this can be assumed to have a
+        /// non-`None` value; however, other joystick devices with more varied layouts generally won't
+        /// provide a value here.
+        ///
+        /// TODO: DISCUSS CONTROLLER MAPPING ONCE WE FIGURE OUT WHAT WE'RE DOING THERE.
+        axis: Option<GamepadAxis>,
+        value: f64,
+        /// Whether or not this axis has also produced a [`GamepadEvent::Stick`] event.
+        stick: bool,
+    },
+    /// A two-axis joystick's value has changed.
+    ///
+    /// This is mainly provided to assist with deadzone calculation, as proper deadzones should be
+    /// calculated via the combined distance of each joystick axis from the center of the joystick,
+    /// rather than per-axis.
+    ///
+    /// Note that this is only guaranteed to be emitted for traditionally laid out gamepads. More
+    /// complex joysticks generally don't report specifics of their layout to the operating system,
+    /// preventing Winit from automatically aggregating their axis input into two-axis stick events.
+    Stick {
+        /// The X axis' ID.
+        x_id: AxisId,
+        /// The Y axis' ID.
+        y_id: AxisId,
+        x_value: f64,
+        y_value: f64,
+        /// Which joystick side produced this event.
+        side: Side,
+    },
+    Button {
+        button_id: ButtonId,
+        /// A hint regarding the location of the button.
+        ///
+        /// The caveats on the `Axis.hint` field also apply here.
+        button: Option<GamepadButton>,
+        state: ElementState,
+    },
+}
+
+/// Error reported if a rumble attempt unexpectedly failed.
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub enum RumbleError {
+    /// The device is no longer connected.
+    DeviceNotConnected,
+    /// An unknown OS error has occured.
+    OsError(io::Error),
+}
+
+/// A typed identifier for a mouse device.
+#[derive(Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord, Hash)]
+pub struct MouseId(pub(crate) platform_impl::MouseId);
+/// A typed identifier for a keyboard device.
+#[derive(Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord, Hash)]
+pub struct KeyboardId(pub(crate) platform_impl::KeyboardId);
+/// A typed if for a Human Interface Device.
+#[derive(Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord, Hash)]
+pub struct HidId(pub(crate) platform_impl::HidId);
+/// A handle to a gamepad/joystick device.
+#[derive(Clone, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord, Hash)]
+pub struct GamepadHandle(pub(crate) platform_impl::GamepadHandle);
+
+impl MouseId {
+    /// Returns a dummy `MouseId`, useful for unit testing. The only guarantee made about the return
+    /// value of this function is that it will always be equal to itself and to future values returned
+    /// by this function.  No other guarantees are made. This may be equal to a real `MouseId`.
+    ///
+    /// **Passing this into a winit function will result in undefined behavior.**
+    pub unsafe fn dummy() -> Self {
+        MouseId(platform_impl::MouseId::dummy())
+    }
+
+    /// Enumerate all attached mouse devices.
+    pub fn enumerate<T>(event_loop: &EventLoop<T>) -> impl '_ + Iterator<Item = Self> {
+        platform_impl::MouseId::enumerate(&event_loop.event_loop)
+    }
+
+    /// Check to see if this mouse device is still connected.
+    pub fn is_connected(&self) -> bool {
+        self.0.is_connected()
+    }
+}
+
+impl KeyboardId {
+    /// Returns a dummy `KeyboardId`, useful for unit testing. The only guarantee made about the return
+    /// value of this function is that it will always be equal to itself and to future values returned
+    /// by this function.  No other guarantees are made. This may be equal to a real `KeyboardId`.
+    ///
+    /// **Passing this into a winit function will result in undefined behavior.**
+    pub unsafe fn dummy() -> Self {
+        KeyboardId(platform_impl::KeyboardId::dummy())
+    }
+
+    /// Enumerate all attached keyboard devices.
+    pub fn enumerate<T>(event_loop: &EventLoop<T>) -> impl '_ + Iterator<Item = Self> {
+        platform_impl::KeyboardId::enumerate(&event_loop.event_loop)
+    }
+
+    /// Check to see if this keyboard device is still connected.
+    pub fn is_connected(&self) -> bool {
+        self.0.is_connected()
+    }
+}
+
+impl HidId {
+    /// Returns a dummy `HidId`, useful for unit testing. The only guarantee made about the return
+    /// value of this function is that it will always be equal to itself and to future values returned
+    /// by this function.  No other guarantees are made. This may be equal to a real `HidId`.
+    ///
+    /// **Passing this into a winit function will result in undefined behavior.**
+    pub unsafe fn dummy() -> Self {
+        HidId(platform_impl::HidId::dummy())
+    }
+
+    /// Enumerate all attached keyboard devices.
+    pub fn enumerate<T>(event_loop: &EventLoop<T>) -> impl '_ + Iterator<Item = Self> {
+        platform_impl::HidId::enumerate(&event_loop.event_loop)
+    }
+
+    /// Check to see if this keyboard device is still connected.
+    pub fn is_connected(&self) -> bool {
+        self.0.is_connected()
+    }
+}
+
+impl GamepadHandle {
+    /// Returns a dummy `GamepadHandle`, useful for unit testing. The only guarantee made about the return
+    /// value of this function is that it will always be equal to itself and to future values returned
+    /// by this function.  No other guarantees are made. This may be equal to a real `GamepadHandle`.
+    ///
+    /// **Passing this into a winit function will result in undefined behavior.**
+    pub unsafe fn dummy() -> Self {
+        GamepadHandle(platform_impl::GamepadHandle::dummy())
+    }
+
+    /// Enumerate all attached gamepad/joystick devices.
+    pub fn enumerate<T>(event_loop: &EventLoop<T>) -> impl '_ + Iterator<Item = Self> {
+        platform_impl::GamepadHandle::enumerate(&event_loop.event_loop)
+    }
+
+    /// Check to see if this gamepad/joystick device is still connected.
+    pub fn is_connected(&self) -> bool {
+        self.0.is_connected()
+    }
+
+    /// Attempts to set the rumble values for an attached controller. Input values are automatically
+    /// bound to a [`0.0`, `1.0`] range.
+    ///
+    /// Certain gamepads assign different usages to the left and right motors - for example, X360
+    /// controllers treat the left motor as a low-frequency rumble and the right motor as a
+    /// high-frequency rumble. However, this cannot necessarily be assumed for all gamepad devices.
+    ///
+    /// Note that, if the given gamepad does not support rumble, no error value gets thrown.
+    pub fn rumble(&self, left_speed: f64, right_speed: f64) -> Result<(), RumbleError> {
+        self.0.rumble(left_speed, right_speed)
+    }
+
+    /// Gets the port number assigned to the gamepad.
+    pub fn port(&self) -> Option<u8> {
+        self.0.port()
+    }
+
+    /// Gets the controller's battery level.
+    ///
+    /// If the controller doesn't report a battery level, this returns `None`.
+    pub fn battery_level(&self) -> Option<BatteryLevel> {
+        self.0.battery_level()
+    }
+}
+
+/// TODO: IS THIS THE RIGHT ABSTRACTION FOR ALL PLATFORMS?
+/// This is exposed in its current form because it's what Microsoft does for XInput, and that's my
+/// (@Osspial's) main point of reference. If you're implementing this on a different platform and
+/// that platform exposes battery level differently, please bring it up in the tracking issue!
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Hash, PartialOrd, Ord)]
+pub enum BatteryLevel {
+    Empty,
+    Low,
+    Medium,
+    Full,
+}
+
+impl fmt::Debug for MouseId {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> Result<(), fmt::Error> {
+        self.0.fmt(f)
+    }
+}
+
+impl fmt::Debug for KeyboardId {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> Result<(), fmt::Error> {
+        self.0.fmt(f)
+    }
+}
+
+impl fmt::Debug for HidId {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> Result<(), fmt::Error> {
+        self.0.fmt(f)
+    }
+}
+
+impl fmt::Debug for GamepadHandle {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> Result<(), fmt::Error> {
+        self.0.fmt(f)
+    }
+}

src/event_loop.rs

@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ impl<T> fmt::Debug for EventLoopWindowTarget<T> {
 
 /// Set by the user callback given to the `EventLoop::run` method.
 ///
-/// Indicates the desired behavior of the event loop after [`Event::RedrawEventsCleared`][events_cleared]
+/// Indicates the desired behavior of the event loop after [`Event::EventsCleared`][events_cleared]
 /// is emitted. Defaults to `Poll`.
 ///
 /// ## Persistency
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ impl<T> fmt::Debug for EventLoopWindowTarget<T> {
 /// are **not** persistent between multiple calls to `run_return` - issuing a new call will reset
 /// the control flow to `Poll`.
 ///
-/// [events_cleared]: crate::event::Event::RedrawEventsCleared
+/// [events_cleared]: crate::event::Event::EventsCleared
 #[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
 pub enum ControlFlow {
     /// When the current loop iteration finishes, immediately begin a new iteration regardless of
@@ -199,7 +199,7 @@ impl<T: 'static> EventLoopProxy<T> {
     /// function.
     ///
     /// Returns an `Err` if the associated `EventLoop` no longer exists.
-    pub fn send_event(&self, event: T) -> Result<(), EventLoopClosed<T>> {
+    pub fn send_event(&self, event: T) -> Result<(), EventLoopClosed> {
         self.event_loop_proxy.send_event(event)
     }
 }
@@ -211,17 +211,17 @@ impl<T: 'static> fmt::Debug for EventLoopProxy<T> {
 }
 
 /// The error that is returned when an `EventLoopProxy` attempts to wake up an `EventLoop` that
-/// no longer exists. Contains the original event given to `send_event`.
-#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
-pub struct EventLoopClosed<T>(pub T);
+/// no longer exists.
+#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
+pub struct EventLoopClosed;
 
-impl<T: fmt::Debug> fmt::Display for EventLoopClosed<T> {
+impl fmt::Display for EventLoopClosed {
     fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
         write!(f, "{}", error::Error::description(self))
     }
 }
 
-impl<T: fmt::Debug> error::Error for EventLoopClosed<T> {
+impl error::Error for EventLoopClosed {
     fn description(&self) -> &str {
         "Tried to wake up a closed `EventLoop`"
     }

src/lib.rs

@@ -48,16 +48,19 @@
 //!
 //! event_loop.run(move |event, _, control_flow| {
 //!     match event {
-//!         Event::MainEventsCleared => {
+//!         Event::EventsCleared => {
 //!             // Application update code.
 //!
 //!             // Queue a RedrawRequested event.
 //!             window.request_redraw();
 //!         },
-//!         Event::RedrawRequested(_) => {
+//!         Event::WindowEvent {
+//!             event: WindowEvent::RedrawRequested,
+//!             ..
+//!         } => {
 //!             // Redraw the application.
 //!             //
-//!             // It's preferrable to render in this event rather than in MainEventsCleared, since
+//!             // It's preferrable to render in this event rather than in EventsCleared, since
 //!             // rendering in here allows the program to gracefully handle redraws requested
 //!             // by the OS.
 //!         },
@@ -119,6 +122,7 @@ extern crate log;
 #[macro_use]
 extern crate serde;
 #[macro_use]
+#[cfg(any(target_os = "ios", target_os = "windows"))]
 extern crate bitflags;
 #[cfg(any(target_os = "macos", target_os = "ios"))]
 #[macro_use]
@@ -134,6 +138,7 @@ pub mod event_loop;
 mod icon;
 pub mod monitor;
 mod platform_impl;
+mod util;
 pub mod window;
 
 pub mod platform;

src/platform/windows.rs

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ use libc;
 use winapi::shared::windef::HWND;
 
 use crate::{
-    event::DeviceId,
+    event::device::{GamepadHandle, KeyboardId, MouseId},
     event_loop::EventLoop,
     monitor::MonitorHandle,
     platform_impl::EventLoop as WindowsEventLoop,
@@ -77,9 +77,6 @@ pub trait WindowExtWindows {
 
     /// This sets `ICON_BIG`. A good ceiling here is 256x256.
     fn set_taskbar_icon(&self, taskbar_icon: Option<Icon>);
-
-    /// Whether the system theme is currently Windows 10's "Dark Mode".
-    fn is_dark_mode(&self) -> bool;
 }
 
 impl WindowExtWindows for Window {
@@ -97,11 +94,6 @@ impl WindowExtWindows for Window {
     fn set_taskbar_icon(&self, taskbar_icon: Option<Icon>) {
         self.window.set_taskbar_icon(taskbar_icon)
     }
-
-    #[inline]
-    fn is_dark_mode(&self) -> bool {
-        self.window.is_dark_mode()
-    }
 }
 
 /// Additional methods on `WindowBuilder` that are specific to Windows.
@@ -157,17 +149,49 @@ impl MonitorHandleExtWindows for MonitorHandle {
     }
 }
 
-/// Additional methods on `DeviceId` that are specific to Windows.
-pub trait DeviceIdExtWindows {
+/// Additional methods on device types that are specific to Windows.
+pub trait DeviceExtWindows {
     /// Returns an identifier that persistently refers to this specific device.
     ///
     /// Will return `None` if the device is no longer available.
     fn persistent_identifier(&self) -> Option<String>;
+
+    /// Returns the handle of the device - `HANDLE`.
+    fn handle(&self) -> *mut c_void;
 }
 
-impl DeviceIdExtWindows for DeviceId {
+impl DeviceExtWindows for MouseId {
     #[inline]
     fn persistent_identifier(&self) -> Option<String> {
         self.0.persistent_identifier()
     }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn handle(&self) -> *mut c_void {
+        self.0.handle() as _
+    }
+}
+
+impl DeviceExtWindows for KeyboardId {
+    #[inline]
+    fn persistent_identifier(&self) -> Option<String> {
+        self.0.persistent_identifier()
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn handle(&self) -> *mut c_void {
+        self.0.handle() as _
+    }
+}
+
+impl DeviceExtWindows for GamepadHandle {
+    #[inline]
+    fn persistent_identifier(&self) -> Option<String> {
+        self.0.persistent_identifier()
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn handle(&self) -> *mut c_void {
+        self.0.handle() as _
+    }
 }

src/platform_impl/android/mod.rs

@@ -157,7 +157,7 @@ impl EventLoop {
 }
 
 impl EventLoopProxy {
-    pub fn wakeup(&self) -> Result<(), ::EventLoopClosed<()>> {
+    pub fn wakeup(&self) -> Result<(), ::EventLoopClosed> {
         android_glue::wake_event_loop();
         Ok(())
     }
@@ -360,11 +360,6 @@ impl Window {
         Err(ExternalError::NotSupported(NotSupportedError::new()))
     }
 
-    #[inline]
-    pub fn set_minimized(&self, _minimized: bool) {
-        unimplemented!()
-    }
-
     #[inline]
     pub fn set_maximized(&self, _maximized: bool) {
         // N/A

src/platform_impl/ios/app_state.rs

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ use std::{
 use objc::runtime::{BOOL, YES};
 
 use crate::{
-    event::{Event, StartCause},
+    event::{Event, StartCause, WindowEvent},
     event_loop::ControlFlow,
     platform_impl::platform::{
         event_loop::{EventHandler, Never},
@@ -51,7 +51,11 @@ enum UserCallbackTransitionResult<'a> {
 
 impl Event<Never> {
     fn is_redraw(&self) -> bool {
-        if let Event::RedrawRequested(_) = self {
+        if let Event::WindowEvent {
+            window_id: _,
+            event: WindowEvent::RedrawRequested,
+        } = self
+        {
             true
         } else {
             false
@@ -772,18 +776,16 @@ pub unsafe fn handle_main_events_cleared() {
 
     // User events are always sent out at the end of the "MainEventLoop"
     handle_user_events();
-    handle_nonuser_event(Event::MainEventsCleared);
+    handle_nonuser_event(Event::EventsCleared);
 
     let mut this = AppState::get_mut();
-    let mut redraw_events: Vec<Event<Never>> = this
+    let redraw_events = this
         .main_events_cleared_transition()
         .into_iter()
-        .map(|window| Event::RedrawRequested(RootWindowId(window.into())))
-        .collect();
-
-    if !redraw_events.is_empty() {
-        redraw_events.push(Event::RedrawEventsCleared);
-    }
+        .map(|window| Event::WindowEvent {
+            window_id: RootWindowId(window.into()),
+            event: WindowEvent::RedrawRequested,
+        });
     drop(this);
 
     handle_nonuser_events(redraw_events);

src/platform_impl/ios/event_loop.rs

@@ -165,10 +165,8 @@ impl<T> EventLoopProxy<T> {
         }
     }
 
-    pub fn send_event(&self, event: T) -> Result<(), EventLoopClosed<T>> {
-        self.sender
-            .send(event)
-            .map_err(|::std::sync::mpsc::SendError(x)| EventLoopClosed(x))?;
+    pub fn send_event(&self, event: T) -> Result<(), EventLoopClosed> {
+        self.sender.send(event).map_err(|_| EventLoopClosed)?;
         unsafe {
             // let the main thread know there's a new event
             CFRunLoopSourceSignal(self.source);

src/platform_impl/ios/monitor.rs

@@ -18,44 +18,31 @@ pub struct VideoMode {
     pub(crate) size: (u32, u32),
     pub(crate) bit_depth: u16,
     pub(crate) refresh_rate: u16,
-    pub(crate) screen_mode: NativeDisplayMode,
+    pub(crate) screen_mode: id,
     pub(crate) monitor: MonitorHandle,
 }
 
-#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
-pub struct NativeDisplayMode(pub id);
-
-unsafe impl Send for NativeDisplayMode {}
-
-impl Drop for NativeDisplayMode {
-    fn drop(&mut self) {
-        unsafe {
-            let () = msg_send![self.0, release];
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-impl Clone for NativeDisplayMode {
-    fn clone(&self) -> Self {
-        unsafe {
-            let _: id = msg_send![self.0, retain];
-        }
-        NativeDisplayMode(self.0)
-    }
-}
-
 impl Clone for VideoMode {
     fn clone(&self) -> VideoMode {
         VideoMode {
             size: self.size,
             bit_depth: self.bit_depth,
             refresh_rate: self.refresh_rate,
-            screen_mode: self.screen_mode.clone(),
+            screen_mode: unsafe { msg_send![self.screen_mode, retain] },
             monitor: self.monitor.clone(),
         }
     }
 }
 
+impl Drop for VideoMode {
+    fn drop(&mut self) {
+        unsafe {
+            assert_main_thread!("`VideoMode` can only be dropped on the main thread on iOS");
+            let () = msg_send![self.screen_mode, release];
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 impl VideoMode {
     unsafe fn retained_new(uiscreen: id, screen_mode: id) -> VideoMode {
         assert_main_thread!("`VideoMode` can only be created on the main thread on iOS");
@@ -77,13 +64,11 @@ impl VideoMode {
             60
         };
         let size: CGSize = msg_send![screen_mode, size];
-        let screen_mode: id = msg_send![screen_mode, retain];
-        let screen_mode = NativeDisplayMode(screen_mode);
         VideoMode {
             size: (size.width as u32, size.height as u32),
             bit_depth: 32,
             refresh_rate: refresh_rate as u16,
-            screen_mode,
+            screen_mode: msg_send![screen_mode, retain],
             monitor: MonitorHandle::retained_new(uiscreen),
         }
     }

src/platform_impl/ios/view.rs

@@ -102,10 +102,10 @@ unsafe fn get_view_class(root_view_class: &'static Class) -> &'static Class {
             unsafe {
                 let window: id = msg_send![object, window];
                 assert!(!window.is_null());
-                app_state::handle_nonuser_events(
-                    std::iter::once(Event::RedrawRequested(RootWindowId(window.into())))
-                        .chain(std::iter::once(Event::RedrawEventsCleared)),
-                );
+                app_state::handle_nonuser_event(Event::WindowEvent {
+                    window_id: RootWindowId(window.into()),
+                    event: WindowEvent::RedrawRequested,
+                });
                 let superclass: &'static Class = msg_send![object, superclass];
                 let () = msg_send![super(object, superclass), drawRect: rect];
             }
@@ -497,7 +497,7 @@ pub unsafe fn create_window(
     match window_attributes.fullscreen {
         Some(Fullscreen::Exclusive(ref video_mode)) => {
             let uiscreen = video_mode.monitor().ui_screen() as id;
-            let () = msg_send![uiscreen, setCurrentMode: video_mode.video_mode.screen_mode.0];
+            let () = msg_send![uiscreen, setCurrentMode: video_mode.video_mode.screen_mode];
             msg_send![window, setScreen:video_mode.monitor().ui_screen()]
         }
         Some(Fullscreen::Borderless(ref monitor)) => {

src/platform_impl/ios/window.rs

@@ -169,10 +169,6 @@ impl Inner {
         debug!("`Window::set_cursor_visible` is ignored on iOS")
     }
 
-    pub fn set_minimized(&self, _minimized: bool) {
-        warn!("`Window::set_minimized` is ignored on iOS")
-    }
-
     pub fn set_maximized(&self, _maximized: bool) {
         warn!("`Window::set_maximized` is ignored on iOS")
     }

src/platform_impl/linux/mod.rs

@@ -367,14 +367,6 @@ impl Window {
         }
     }
 
-    #[inline]
-    pub fn set_minimized(&self, minimized: bool) {
-        match self {
-            &Window::X(ref w) => w.set_minimized(minimized),
-            &Window::Wayland(ref w) => w.set_minimized(minimized),
-        }
-    }
-
     #[inline]
     pub fn fullscreen(&self) -> Option<Fullscreen> {
         match self {
@@ -658,7 +650,7 @@ impl<T: 'static> EventLoop<T> {
 }
 
 impl<T: 'static> EventLoopProxy<T> {
-    pub fn send_event(&self, event: T) -> Result<(), EventLoopClosed<T>> {
+    pub fn send_event(&self, event: T) -> Result<(), EventLoopClosed> {
         match *self {
             EventLoopProxy::Wayland(ref proxy) => proxy.send_event(event),
             EventLoopProxy::X(ref proxy) => proxy.send_event(event),

src/platform_impl/linux/wayland/event_loop.rs

@@ -282,14 +282,8 @@ impl<T: 'static> Clone for EventLoopProxy<T> {
 }
 
 impl<T: 'static> EventLoopProxy<T> {
-    pub fn send_event(&self, event: T) -> Result<(), EventLoopClosed<T>> {
-        self.user_sender.send(event).map_err(|e| {
-            EventLoopClosed(if let ::calloop::channel::SendError::Disconnected(x) = e {
-                x
-            } else {
-                unreachable!()
-            })
-        })
+    pub fn send_event(&self, event: T) -> Result<(), EventLoopClosed> {
+        self.user_sender.send(event).map_err(|_| EventLoopClosed)
     }
 }
 
@@ -509,34 +503,24 @@ impl<T: 'static> EventLoop<T> {
                     );
                 }
             }
-            // send Events cleared
+            // do a second run of post-dispatch-triggers, to handle user-generated "request-redraw"
+            // in response of resize & friends
+            self.post_dispatch_triggers();
             {
-                sticky_exit_callback(
-                    crate::event::Event::MainEventsCleared,
-                    &self.window_target,
-                    &mut control_flow,
-                    &mut callback,
-                );
-            }
-
-            // handle request-redraw
-            {
-                self.redraw_triggers(|wid, window_target| {
+                let mut guard = sink.lock().unwrap();
+                guard.empty_with(|evt| {
                     sticky_exit_callback(
-                        crate::event::Event::RedrawRequested(crate::window::WindowId(
-                            crate::platform_impl::WindowId::Wayland(wid),
-                        )),
-                        window_target,
+                        evt,
+                        &self.window_target,
                         &mut control_flow,
                         &mut callback,
                     );
                 });
             }
-
-            // send RedrawEventsCleared
+            // send Events cleared
             {
                 sticky_exit_callback(
-                    crate::event::Event::RedrawEventsCleared,
+                    crate::event::Event::EventsCleared,
                     &self.window_target,
                     &mut control_flow,
                     &mut callback,
@@ -662,31 +646,6 @@ impl<T> EventLoopWindowTarget<T> {
  */
 
 impl<T> EventLoop<T> {
-    fn redraw_triggers<F>(&mut self, mut callback: F)
-    where
-        F: FnMut(WindowId, &RootELW<T>),
-    {
-        let window_target = match self.window_target.p {
-            crate::platform_impl::EventLoopWindowTarget::Wayland(ref wt) => wt,
-            _ => unreachable!(),
-        };
-        window_target.store.lock().unwrap().for_each_redraw_trigger(
-            |refresh, frame_refresh, wid, frame| {
-                if let Some(frame) = frame {
-                    if frame_refresh {
-                        frame.refresh();
-                        if !refresh {
-                            frame.surface().commit()
-                        }
-                    }
-                }
-                if refresh {
-                    callback(wid, &self.window_target);
-                }
-            },
-        )
-    }
-
     fn post_dispatch_triggers(&mut self) {
         let mut sink = self.sink.lock().unwrap();
         let window_target = match self.window_target.p {
@@ -705,47 +664,60 @@ impl<T> EventLoop<T> {
             }
         }
         // process pending resize/refresh
-        window_target.store.lock().unwrap().for_each(|window| {
-            if let Some(frame) = window.frame {
-                if let Some(newsize) = window.newsize {
-                    let (w, h) = newsize;
-                    // mutter (GNOME Wayland) relies on `set_geometry` to reposition window in case
-                    // it overlaps mutter's `bounding box`, so we can't avoid this resize call,
-                    // which calls `set_geometry` under the hood, for now.
-                    frame.resize(w, h);
-                    frame.refresh();
-                    // Don't send resize event downstream if the new size is identical to the
-                    // current one.
-                    if newsize != *window.size {
-                        let logical_size = crate::dpi::LogicalSize::new(w as f64, h as f64);
-                        sink.send_window_event(
-                            crate::event::WindowEvent::Resized(logical_size),
-                            window.wid,
-                        );
-
-                        *window.size = (w, h);
+        window_target.store.lock().unwrap().for_each(
+            |newsize,
+             size,
+             new_dpi,
+             refresh,
+             frame_refresh,
+             closed,
+             grab_cursor,
+             surface,
+             wid,
+             frame| {
+                if let Some(frame) = frame {
+                    if let Some(newsize) = newsize {
+                        // Drop resize events equaled to the current size
+                        if newsize != *size {
+                            let (w, h) = newsize;
+                            frame.resize(w, h);
+                            frame.refresh();
+                            let logical_size = crate::dpi::LogicalSize::new(w as f64, h as f64);
+                            sink.send_window_event(
+                                crate::event::WindowEvent::Resized(logical_size),
+                                wid,
+                            );
+                            *size = (w, h);
+                        } else {
+                            // Refresh csd, etc, otherwise
+                            frame.refresh();
+                        }
+                    } else if frame_refresh {
+                        frame.refresh();
+                        if !refresh {
+                            frame.surface().commit()
+                        }
                     }
                 }
-            }
-            if let Some(dpi) = window.new_dpi {
-                sink.send_window_event(
-                    crate::event::WindowEvent::HiDpiFactorChanged(dpi as f64),
-                    window.wid,
-                );
-            }
-            if window.closed {
-                sink.send_window_event(crate::event::WindowEvent::CloseRequested, window.wid);
-            }
+                if let Some(dpi) = new_dpi {
+                    sink.send_window_event(
+                        crate::event::WindowEvent::HiDpiFactorChanged(dpi as f64),
+                        wid,
+                    );
+                }
+                if refresh {
+                    sink.send_window_event(crate::event::WindowEvent::RedrawRequested, wid);
+                }
+                if closed {
+                    sink.send_window_event(crate::event::WindowEvent::CloseRequested, wid);
+                }
 
-            if let Some(grab_cursor) = window.grab_cursor {
-                let surface = if grab_cursor {
-                    Some(window.surface)
-                } else {
-                    None
-                };
-                self.cursor_manager.lock().unwrap().grab_pointer(surface);
-            }
-        })
+                if let Some(grab_cursor) = grab_cursor {
+                    let surface = if grab_cursor { Some(surface) } else { None };
+                    self.cursor_manager.lock().unwrap().grab_pointer(surface);
+                }
+            },
+        )
     }
 }
 

src/platform_impl/linux/wayland/keyboard.rs

@@ -74,7 +74,6 @@ pub fn init_keyboard(
                                         virtual_keycode: vkcode,
                                         modifiers: modifiers_tracker.lock().unwrap().clone(),
                                     },
-                                    is_synthetic: false,
                                 },
                             })
                             .unwrap();
@@ -105,7 +104,7 @@ pub fn init_keyboard(
                     my_sink
                         .send(Event::DeviceEvent {
                             device_id: device_id(),
-                            event: DeviceEvent::ModifiersChanged(modifiers),
+                            event: DeviceEvent::ModifiersChanged { modifiers },
                         })
                         .unwrap();
                 }
@@ -126,7 +125,6 @@ pub fn init_keyboard(
                                 virtual_keycode: vkcode,
                                 modifiers: my_modifiers.lock().unwrap().clone(),
                             },
-                            is_synthetic: false,
                         },
                     })
                     .unwrap();
@@ -200,7 +198,6 @@ pub fn init_keyboard(
                                                 virtual_keycode: None,
                                                 modifiers: ModifiersState::default(),
                                             },
-                                            is_synthetic: false,
                                         },
                                     })
                                     .unwrap();
@@ -404,12 +401,12 @@ fn keysym_to_vkey(keysym: u32) -> Option<VirtualKeyCode> {
 
 impl ModifiersState {
     pub(crate) fn from_wayland(mods: keyboard::ModifiersState) -> ModifiersState {
-        let mut m = ModifiersState::empty();
-        m.set(ModifiersState::SHIFT, mods.shift);
-        m.set(ModifiersState::CTRL, mods.ctrl);
-        m.set(ModifiersState::ALT, mods.alt);
-        m.set(ModifiersState::LOGO, mods.logo);
-        m
+        ModifiersState {
+            shift: mods.shift,
+            ctrl: mods.ctrl,
+            alt: mods.alt,
+            logo: mods.logo,
+        }
     }
 }
 

src/platform_impl/linux/wayland/pointer.rs

@@ -56,13 +56,6 @@ pub fn implement_pointer<T: 'static>(
                         let wid = store.find_wid(&surface);
                         if let Some(wid) = wid {
                             mouse_focus = Some(wid);
-
-                            // Reload cursor style only when we enter winit's surface. Calling
-                            // this function every time on `PtrEvent::Enter` could interfere with
-                            // SCTK CSD handling, since it changes cursor icons when you hover
-                            // cursor over the window borders.
-                            cursor_manager.reload_cursor_style();
-
                             sink.send_window_event(
                                 WindowEvent::CursorEntered {
                                     device_id: crate::event::DeviceId(
@@ -82,6 +75,8 @@ pub fn implement_pointer<T: 'static>(
                                 wid,
                             );
                         }
+
+                        cursor_manager.reload_cursor_style();
                     }
                     PtrEvent::Leave { surface, .. } => {
                         mouse_focus = None;

src/platform_impl/linux/wayland/window.rs

@@ -259,13 +259,6 @@ impl Window {
         *(self.need_frame_refresh.lock().unwrap()) = true;
     }
 
-    pub fn set_minimized(&self, minimized: bool) {
-        // An app cannot un-minimize itself on Wayland
-        if minimized {
-            self.frame.lock().unwrap().set_minimized();
-        }
-    }
-
     pub fn set_maximized(&self, maximized: bool) {
         if maximized {
             self.frame.lock().unwrap().set_maximized();
@@ -392,17 +385,6 @@ pub struct WindowStore {
     windows: Vec<InternalWindow>,
 }
 
-pub struct WindowStoreForEach<'a> {
-    pub newsize: Option<(u32, u32)>,
-    pub size: &'a mut (u32, u32),
-    pub new_dpi: Option<i32>,
-    pub closed: bool,
-    pub grab_cursor: Option<bool>,
-    pub surface: &'a wl_surface::WlSurface,
-    pub wid: WindowId,
-    pub frame: Option<&'a mut SWindow<ConceptFrame>>,
-}
-
 impl WindowStore {
     pub fn new() -> WindowStore {
         WindowStore {
@@ -452,21 +434,34 @@ impl WindowStore {
 
     pub fn for_each<F>(&mut self, mut f: F)
     where
-        F: FnMut(WindowStoreForEach<'_>),
+        F: FnMut(
+            Option<(u32, u32)>,
+            &mut (u32, u32),
+            Option<i32>,
+            bool,
+            bool,
+            bool,
+            Option<bool>,
+            &wl_surface::WlSurface,
+            WindowId,
+            Option<&mut SWindow<ConceptFrame>>,
+        ),
     {
         for window in &mut self.windows {
             let opt_arc = window.frame.upgrade();
             let mut opt_mutex_lock = opt_arc.as_ref().map(|m| m.lock().unwrap());
-            f(WindowStoreForEach {
-                newsize: window.newsize.take(),
-                size: &mut *(window.size.lock().unwrap()),
-                new_dpi: window.new_dpi,
-                closed: window.closed,
-                grab_cursor: window.cursor_grab_changed.lock().unwrap().take(),
-                surface: &window.surface,
-                wid: make_wid(&window.surface),
-                frame: opt_mutex_lock.as_mut().map(|m| &mut **m),
-            });
+            f(
+                window.newsize.take(),
+                &mut *(window.size.lock().unwrap()),
+                window.new_dpi,
+                replace(&mut *window.need_refresh.lock().unwrap(), false),
+                replace(&mut *window.need_frame_refresh.lock().unwrap(), false),
+                window.closed,
+                window.cursor_grab_changed.lock().unwrap().take(),
+                &window.surface,
+                make_wid(&window.surface),
+                opt_mutex_lock.as_mut().map(|m| &mut **m),
+            );
             if let Some(dpi) = window.new_dpi.take() {
                 window.current_dpi = dpi;
             }
@@ -474,20 +469,4 @@ impl WindowStore {
             window.closed = false;
         }
     }
-
-    pub fn for_each_redraw_trigger<F>(&mut self, mut f: F)
-    where
-        F: FnMut(bool, bool, WindowId, Option<&mut SWindow<ConceptFrame>>),
-    {
-        for window in &mut self.windows {
-            let opt_arc = window.frame.upgrade();
-            let mut opt_mutex_lock = opt_arc.as_ref().map(|m| m.lock().unwrap());
-            f(
-                replace(&mut *window.need_refresh.lock().unwrap(), false),
-                replace(&mut *window.need_frame_refresh.lock().unwrap(), false),
-                make_wid(&window.surface),
-                opt_mutex_lock.as_mut().map(|m| &mut **m),
-            );
-        }
-    }
 }

src/platform_impl/linux/x11/event_processor.rs

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-use std::{cell::RefCell, collections::HashMap, rc::Rc, slice};
+use std::{cell::RefCell, collections::HashMap, ptr, rc::Rc, slice};
 
 use libc::{c_char, c_int, c_long, c_uint, c_ulong};
 
@@ -12,9 +12,7 @@ use util::modifiers::{ModifierKeyState, ModifierKeymap};
 
 use crate::{
     dpi::{LogicalPosition, LogicalSize},
-    event::{
-        DeviceEvent, ElementState, Event, KeyboardInput, ModifiersState, TouchPhase, WindowEvent,
-    },
+    event::{DeviceEvent, Event, KeyboardInput, ModifiersState, WindowEvent},
     event_loop::EventLoopWindowTarget as RootELW,
 };
 
@@ -27,9 +25,6 @@ pub(super) struct EventProcessor<T: 'static> {
     pub(super) target: Rc<RootELW<T>>,
     pub(super) mod_keymap: ModifierKeymap,
     pub(super) device_mod_state: ModifierKeyState,
-    // Number of touch events currently in progress
-    pub(super) num_touch: u32,
-    pub(super) first_touch: Option<u64>,
 }
 
 impl<T: 'static> EventProcessor<T> {
@@ -137,7 +132,7 @@ impl<T: 'static> EventProcessor<T> {
                             let device_id = mkdid(util::VIRTUAL_CORE_KEYBOARD);
                             callback(Event::DeviceEvent {
                                 device_id,
-                                event: DeviceEvent::ModifiersChanged(modifiers),
+                                event: DeviceEvent::ModifiersChanged { modifiers },
                             });
                         }
                     }
@@ -411,16 +406,14 @@ impl<T: 'static> EventProcessor<T> {
                         let last_hidpi_factor = shared_state_lock.last_monitor.hidpi_factor;
                         let new_hidpi_factor = {
                             let window_rect = util::AaRect::new(new_outer_position, new_inner_size);
-                            let new_monitor = wt.xconn.get_monitor_for_window(Some(window_rect));
+                            monitor = wt.xconn.get_monitor_for_window(Some(window_rect));
+                            let new_hidpi_factor = monitor.hidpi_factor;
 
-                            if new_monitor.is_dummy() {
-                                // Avoid updating monitor using a dummy monitor handle
-                                last_hidpi_factor
-                            } else {
-                                monitor = new_monitor;
+                            // Avoid caching an invalid dummy monitor handle
+                            if monitor.id != 0 {
                                 shared_state_lock.last_monitor = monitor.clone();
-                                monitor.hidpi_factor
                             }
+                            new_hidpi_factor
                         };
                         if last_hidpi_factor != new_hidpi_factor {
                             events.dpi_changed =
@@ -534,14 +527,13 @@ impl<T: 'static> EventProcessor<T> {
             ffi::Expose => {
                 let xev: &ffi::XExposeEvent = xev.as_ref();
 
-                // Multiple Expose events may be received for subareas of a window.
-                // We issue `RedrawRequested` only for the last event of such a series.
-                if xev.count == 0 {
-                    let window = xev.window;
-                    let window_id = mkwid(window);
+                let window = xev.window;
+                let window_id = mkwid(window);
 
-                    callback(Event::RedrawRequested(window_id));
-                }
+                callback(Event::WindowEvent {
+                    window_id,
+                    event: WindowEvent::RedrawRequested,
+                });
             }
 
             ffi::KeyPress | ffi::KeyRelease => {
@@ -563,13 +555,22 @@ impl<T: 'static> EventProcessor<T> {
                 // value, though this should only be an issue under multiseat configurations.
                 let device = util::VIRTUAL_CORE_KEYBOARD;
                 let device_id = mkdid(device);
-                let keycode = xkev.keycode;
 
                 // When a compose sequence or IME pre-edit is finished, it ends in a KeyPress with
                 // a keycode of 0.
-                if keycode != 0 {
-                    let scancode = keycode - 8;
-                    let keysym = wt.xconn.lookup_keysym(xkev);
+                if xkev.keycode != 0 {
+                    let keysym = unsafe {
+                        let mut keysym = 0;
+                        (wt.xconn.xlib.XLookupString)(
+                            xkev,
+                            ptr::null_mut(),
+                            0,
+                            &mut keysym,
+                            ptr::null_mut(),
+                        );
+                        wt.xconn.check_errors().expect("Failed to lookup keysym");
+                        keysym
+                    };
                     let virtual_keycode = events::keysym_to_element(keysym as c_uint);
 
                     update_modifiers!(
@@ -585,11 +586,10 @@ impl<T: 'static> EventProcessor<T> {
                             device_id,
                             input: KeyboardInput {
                                 state,
-                                scancode,
+                                scancode: xkev.keycode - 8,
                                 virtual_keycode,
                                 modifiers,
                             },
-                            is_synthetic: false,
                         },
                     });
                 }
@@ -626,7 +626,7 @@ impl<T: 'static> EventProcessor<T> {
                     ElementState::{Pressed, Released},
                     MouseButton::{Left, Middle, Other, Right},
                     MouseScrollDelta::LineDelta,
-                    Touch,
+                    Touch, TouchPhase,
                     WindowEvent::{
                         AxisMotion, CursorEntered, CursorLeft, CursorMoved, Focused, MouseInput,
                         MouseWheel,
@@ -835,15 +835,14 @@ impl<T: 'static> EventProcessor<T> {
                                 }
                             }
                         }
+                        callback(Event::WindowEvent {
+                            window_id,
+                            event: CursorEntered { device_id },
+                        });
 
                         if let Some(dpi_factor) =
                             self.with_window(xev.event, |window| window.hidpi_factor())
                         {
-                            callback(Event::WindowEvent {
-                                window_id,
-                                event: CursorEntered { device_id },
-                            });
-
                             let position = LogicalPosition::from_physical(
                                 (xev.event_x as f64, xev.event_y as f64),
                                 dpi_factor,
@@ -907,10 +906,6 @@ impl<T: 'static> EventProcessor<T> {
                             event: Focused(true),
                         });
 
-                        let modifiers = ModifiersState::from_x11(&xev.mods);
-
-                        update_modifiers!(modifiers, None);
-
                         // The deviceid for this event is for a keyboard instead of a pointer,
                         // so we have to do a little extra work.
                         let pointer_id = self
@@ -929,12 +924,9 @@ impl<T: 'static> EventProcessor<T> {
                             event: CursorMoved {
                                 device_id: mkdid(pointer_id),
                                 position,
-                                modifiers,
+                                modifiers: ModifiersState::from_x11(&xev.mods),
                             },
                         });
-
-                        // Issue key press events for all pressed keys
-                        self.handle_pressed_keys(window_id, ElementState::Pressed, &mut callback);
                     }
                     ffi::XI_FocusOut => {
                         let xev: &ffi::XIFocusOutEvent = unsafe { &*(xev.data as *const _) };
@@ -946,13 +938,8 @@ impl<T: 'static> EventProcessor<T> {
                             .unfocus(xev.event)
                             .expect("Failed to unfocus input context");
 
-                        let window_id = mkwid(xev.event);
-
-                        // Issue key release events for all pressed keys
-                        self.handle_pressed_keys(window_id, ElementState::Released, &mut callback);
-
                         callback(Event::WindowEvent {
-                            window_id,
+                            window_id: mkwid(xev.event),
                             event: Focused(false),
                         })
                     }
@@ -969,27 +956,10 @@ impl<T: 'static> EventProcessor<T> {
                         let dpi_factor =
                             self.with_window(xev.event, |window| window.hidpi_factor());
                         if let Some(dpi_factor) = dpi_factor {
-                            let id = xev.detail as u64;
-                            let modifiers = self.device_mod_state.modifiers();
                             let location = LogicalPosition::from_physical(
                                 (xev.event_x as f64, xev.event_y as f64),
                                 dpi_factor,
                             );
-
-                            // Mouse cursor position changes when touch events are received.
-                            // Only the first concurrently active touch ID moves the mouse cursor.
-                            if is_first_touch(&mut self.first_touch, &mut self.num_touch, id, phase)
-                            {
-                                callback(Event::WindowEvent {
-                                    window_id,
-                                    event: WindowEvent::CursorMoved {
-                                        device_id: mkdid(util::VIRTUAL_CORE_POINTER),
-                                        position: location,
-                                        modifiers,
-                                    },
-                                });
-                            }
-
                             callback(Event::WindowEvent {
                                 window_id,
                                 event: WindowEvent::Touch(Touch {
@@ -997,7 +967,7 @@ impl<T: 'static> EventProcessor<T> {
                                     phase,
                                     location,
                                     force: None, // TODO
-                                    id,
+                                    id: xev.detail as u64,
                                 }),
                             })
                         }
@@ -1086,8 +1056,20 @@ impl<T: 'static> EventProcessor<T> {
                             return;
                         }
                         let scancode = (keycode - 8) as u32;
-                        let keysym = wt.xconn.keycode_to_keysym(keycode as ffi::KeyCode);
+
+                        let keysym = unsafe {
+                            (wt.xconn.xlib.XKeycodeToKeysym)(
+                                wt.xconn.display,
+                                xev.detail as ffi::KeyCode,
+                                0,
+                            )
+                        };
+                        wt.xconn
+                            .check_errors()
+                            .expect("Failed to lookup raw keysym");
+
                         let virtual_keycode = events::keysym_to_element(keysym as c_uint);
+
                         let modifiers = self.device_mod_state.modifiers();
 
                         callback(Event::DeviceEvent {
@@ -1114,7 +1096,9 @@ impl<T: 'static> EventProcessor<T> {
                             if modifiers != new_modifiers {
                                 callback(Event::DeviceEvent {
                                     device_id,
-                                    event: DeviceEvent::ModifiersChanged(new_modifiers),
+                                    event: DeviceEvent::ModifiersChanged {
+                                        modifiers: new_modifiers,
+                                    },
                                 });
                             }
                         }
@@ -1196,65 +1180,4 @@ impl<T: 'static> EventProcessor<T> {
             Err(_) => (),
         }
     }
-
-    fn handle_pressed_keys<F>(
-        &self,
-        window_id: crate::window::WindowId,
-        state: ElementState,
-        callback: &mut F,
-    ) where
-        F: FnMut(Event<T>),
-    {
-        let wt = get_xtarget(&self.target);
-
-        let device_id = mkdid(util::VIRTUAL_CORE_KEYBOARD);
-        let modifiers = self.device_mod_state.modifiers();
-
-        // Get the set of keys currently pressed and apply Key events to each
-        let keys = wt.xconn.query_keymap();
-
-        for keycode in &keys {
-            if keycode < 8 {
-                continue;
-            }
-
-            let scancode = (keycode - 8) as u32;
-            let keysym = wt.xconn.keycode_to_keysym(keycode);
-            let virtual_keycode = events::keysym_to_element(keysym as c_uint);
-
-            callback(Event::WindowEvent {
-                window_id,
-                event: WindowEvent::KeyboardInput {
-                    device_id,
-                    input: KeyboardInput {
-                        scancode,
-                        state,
-                        virtual_keycode,
-                        modifiers,
-                    },
-                    is_synthetic: true,
-                },
-            });
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-fn is_first_touch(first: &mut Option<u64>, num: &mut u32, id: u64, phase: TouchPhase) -> bool {
-    match phase {
-        TouchPhase::Started => {
-            if *num == 0 {
-                *first = Some(id);
-            }
-            *num += 1;
-        }
-        TouchPhase::Cancelled | TouchPhase::Ended => {
-            if *first == Some(id) {
-                *first = None;
-            }
-            *num = num.saturating_sub(1);
-        }
-        _ => (),
-    }
-
-    *first == Some(id)
 }

src/platform_impl/linux/x11/mod.rs

@@ -1,10 +1,4 @@
-#![cfg(any(
-    target_os = "linux",
-    target_os = "dragonfly",
-    target_os = "freebsd",
-    target_os = "netbsd",
-    target_os = "openbsd"
-))]
+#![cfg(any(target_os = "linux", target_os = "dragonfly", target_os = "freebsd", target_os = "netbsd", target_os = "openbsd"))]
 
 mod dnd;
 mod event_processor;
@@ -45,7 +39,7 @@ use self::{
 };
 use crate::{
     error::OsError as RootOsError,
-    event::{Event, StartCause},
+    event::{Event, StartCause, WindowEvent},
     event_loop::{ControlFlow, EventLoopClosed, EventLoopWindowTarget as RootELW},
     platform_impl::{platform::sticky_exit_callback, PlatformSpecificWindowBuilderAttributes},
     window::WindowAttributes,
@@ -151,8 +145,6 @@ impl<T: 'static> EventLoop<T> {
 
         xconn.update_cached_wm_info(root);
 
-        let pending_redraws: Arc<Mutex<HashSet<WindowId>>> = Default::default();
-
         let mut mod_keymap = ModifierKeymap::new();
         mod_keymap.reset_from_x_connection(&xconn);
 
@@ -166,7 +158,7 @@ impl<T: 'static> EventLoop<T> {
                 xconn,
                 wm_delete_window,
                 net_wm_ping,
-                pending_redraws: pending_redraws.clone(),
+                pending_redraws: Default::default(),
             }),
             _marker: ::std::marker::PhantomData,
         });
@@ -201,8 +193,6 @@ impl<T: 'static> EventLoop<T> {
             xi2ext,
             mod_keymap,
             device_mod_state: Default::default(),
-            num_touch: 0,
-            first_touch: None,
         };
 
         // Register for device hotplug events
@@ -229,9 +219,7 @@ impl<T: 'static> EventLoop<T> {
                     if evt.readiness.is_readable() {
                         let mut processor = processor.borrow_mut();
                         let mut pending_events = pending_events.borrow_mut();
-                        let mut pending_redraws = pending_redraws.lock().unwrap();
-
-                        drain_events(&mut processor, &mut pending_events, &mut pending_redraws);
+                        drain_events(&mut processor, &mut pending_events);
                     }
                 }
             })
@@ -297,15 +285,6 @@ impl<T: 'static> EventLoop<T> {
                     );
                 }
             }
-            // send MainEventsCleared
-            {
-                sticky_exit_callback(
-                    crate::event::Event::MainEventsCleared,
-                    &self.target,
-                    &mut control_flow,
-                    &mut callback,
-                );
-            }
             // Empty the redraw requests
             {
                 // Release the lock to prevent deadlock
@@ -313,17 +292,20 @@ impl<T: 'static> EventLoop<T> {
 
                 for wid in windows {
                     sticky_exit_callback(
-                        Event::RedrawRequested(crate::window::WindowId(super::WindowId::X(wid))),
+                        Event::WindowEvent {
+                            window_id: crate::window::WindowId(super::WindowId::X(wid)),
+                            event: WindowEvent::RedrawRequested,
+                        },
                         &self.target,
                         &mut control_flow,
                         &mut callback,
                     );
                 }
             }
-            // send RedrawEventsCleared
+            // send Events cleared
             {
                 sticky_exit_callback(
-                    crate::event::Event::RedrawEventsCleared,
+                    crate::event::Event::EventsCleared,
                     &self.target,
                     &mut control_flow,
                     &mut callback,
@@ -402,10 +384,8 @@ impl<T: 'static> EventLoop<T> {
     fn drain_events(&self) {
         let mut processor = self.event_processor.borrow_mut();
         let mut pending_events = self.pending_events.borrow_mut();
-        let wt = get_xtarget(&self.target);
-        let mut pending_redraws = wt.pending_redraws.lock().unwrap();
 
-        drain_events(&mut processor, &mut pending_events, &mut pending_redraws);
+        drain_events(&mut processor, &mut pending_events);
     }
 
     fn events_waiting(&self) -> bool {
@@ -416,14 +396,9 @@ impl<T: 'static> EventLoop<T> {
 fn drain_events<T: 'static>(
     processor: &mut EventProcessor<T>,
     pending_events: &mut VecDeque<Event<T>>,
-    pending_redraws: &mut HashSet<WindowId>,
 ) {
     let mut callback = |event| {
-        if let Event::RedrawRequested(crate::window::WindowId(super::WindowId::X(wid))) = event {
-            pending_redraws.insert(wid);
-        } else {
-            pending_events.push_back(event);
-        }
+        pending_events.push_back(event);
     };
 
     // process all pending events
@@ -450,14 +425,8 @@ impl<T> EventLoopWindowTarget<T> {
 }
 
 impl<T: 'static> EventLoopProxy<T> {
-    pub fn send_event(&self, event: T) -> Result<(), EventLoopClosed<T>> {
-        self.user_sender.send(event).map_err(|e| {
-            EventLoopClosed(if let ::calloop::channel::SendError::Disconnected(x) = e {
-                x
-            } else {
-                unreachable!()
-            })
-        })
+    pub fn send_event(&self, event: T) -> Result<(), EventLoopClosed> {
+        self.user_sender.send(event).map_err(|_| EventLoopClosed)
     }
 }
 

src/platform_impl/linux/x11/monitor.rs

@@ -143,11 +143,6 @@ impl MonitorHandle {
         }
     }
 
-    pub(crate) fn is_dummy(&self) -> bool {
-        // Zero is an invalid XID value; no real monitor will have it
-        self.id == 0
-    }
-
     pub fn name(&self) -> Option<String> {
         Some(self.name.clone())
     }

src/platform_impl/linux/x11/util/input.rs

@@ -17,12 +17,12 @@ impl ModifiersState {
     }
 
     pub(crate) fn from_x11_mask(mask: c_uint) -> Self {
-        let mut m = ModifiersState::empty();
-        m.set(ModifiersState::SHIFT, mask & ffi::Mod1Mask != 0);
-        m.set(ModifiersState::CTRL, mask & ffi::ShiftMask != 0);
-        m.set(ModifiersState::ALT, mask & ffi::ControlMask != 0);
-        m.set(ModifiersState::LOGO, mask & ffi::Mod4Mask != 0);
-        m
+        ModifiersState {
+            alt: mask & ffi::Mod1Mask != 0,
+            shift: mask & ffi::ShiftMask != 0,
+            ctrl: mask & ffi::ControlMask != 0,
+            logo: mask & ffi::Mod4Mask != 0,
+        }
     }
 }
 

src/platform_impl/linux/x11/util/keys.rs

@@ -1,92 +0,0 @@
-use std::{iter::Enumerate, ptr, slice::Iter};
-
-use super::*;
-
-pub struct Keymap {
-    keys: [u8; 32],
-}
-
-pub struct KeymapIter<'a> {
-    iter: Enumerate<Iter<'a, u8>>,
-    index: usize,
-    item: Option<u8>,
-}
-
-impl Keymap {
-    pub fn iter(&self) -> KeymapIter<'_> {
-        KeymapIter {
-            iter: self.keys.iter().enumerate(),
-            index: 0,
-            item: None,
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-impl<'a> IntoIterator for &'a Keymap {
-    type Item = ffi::KeyCode;
-    type IntoIter = KeymapIter<'a>;
-
-    fn into_iter(self) -> Self::IntoIter {
-        self.iter()
-    }
-}
-
-impl Iterator for KeymapIter<'_> {
-    type Item = ffi::KeyCode;
-
-    fn next(&mut self) -> Option<ffi::KeyCode> {
-        if self.item.is_none() {
-            while let Some((index, &item)) = self.iter.next() {
-                if item != 0 {
-                    self.index = index;
-                    self.item = Some(item);
-                    break;
-                }
-            }
-        }
-
-        self.item.take().map(|item| {
-            debug_assert!(item != 0);
-
-            let bit = first_bit(item);
-
-            if item != bit {
-                // Remove the first bit; save the rest for further iterations
-                self.item = Some(item ^ bit);
-            }
-
-            let shift = bit.trailing_zeros() + (self.index * 8) as u32;
-            shift as ffi::KeyCode
-        })
-    }
-}
-
-impl XConnection {
-    pub fn keycode_to_keysym(&self, keycode: ffi::KeyCode) -> ffi::KeySym {
-        unsafe { (self.xlib.XKeycodeToKeysym)(self.display, keycode, 0) }
-    }
-
-    pub fn lookup_keysym(&self, xkev: &mut ffi::XKeyEvent) -> ffi::KeySym {
-        let mut keysym = 0;
-
-        unsafe {
-            (self.xlib.XLookupString)(xkev, ptr::null_mut(), 0, &mut keysym, ptr::null_mut());
-        }
-
-        keysym
-    }
-
-    pub fn query_keymap(&self) -> Keymap {
-        let mut keys = [0; 32];
-
-        unsafe {
-            (self.xlib.XQueryKeymap)(self.display, keys.as_mut_ptr() as *mut c_char);
-        }
-
-        Keymap { keys }
-    }
-}
-
-fn first_bit(b: u8) -> u8 {
-    1 << b.trailing_zeros()
-}

src/platform_impl/linux/x11/util/mod.rs

@@ -9,7 +9,6 @@ mod geometry;
 mod hint;
 mod icon;
 mod input;
-pub mod keys;
 mod memory;
 pub mod modifiers;
 mod randr;

src/platform_impl/linux/x11/util/modifiers.rs

@@ -116,10 +116,10 @@ impl ModifierKeyState {
         let mut new_state = *state;
 
         match except {
-            Some(Modifier::Alt) => new_state.set(ModifiersState::ALT, self.state.alt()),
-            Some(Modifier::Ctrl) => new_state.set(ModifiersState::CTRL, self.state.ctrl()),
-            Some(Modifier::Shift) => new_state.set(ModifiersState::SHIFT, self.state.shift()),
-            Some(Modifier::Logo) => new_state.set(ModifiersState::LOGO, self.state.logo()),
+            Some(Modifier::Alt) => new_state.alt = self.state.alt,
+            Some(Modifier::Ctrl) => new_state.ctrl = self.state.ctrl,
+            Some(Modifier::Shift) => new_state.shift = self.state.shift,
+            Some(Modifier::Logo) => new_state.logo = self.state.logo,
             None => (),
         }
 
@@ -170,18 +170,18 @@ impl ModifierKeyState {
 
 fn get_modifier(state: &ModifiersState, modifier: Modifier) -> bool {
     match modifier {
-        Modifier::Alt => state.alt(),
-        Modifier::Ctrl => state.ctrl(),
-        Modifier::Shift => state.shift(),
-        Modifier::Logo => state.logo(),
+        Modifier::Alt => state.alt,
+        Modifier::Ctrl => state.ctrl,
+        Modifier::Shift => state.shift,
+        Modifier::Logo => state.logo,
     }
 }
 
 fn set_modifier(state: &mut ModifiersState, modifier: Modifier, value: bool) {
     match modifier {
-        Modifier::Alt => state.set(ModifiersState::ALT, value),
-        Modifier::Ctrl => state.set(ModifiersState::CTRL, value),
-        Modifier::Shift => state.set(ModifiersState::SHIFT, value),
-        Modifier::Logo => state.set(ModifiersState::LOGO, value),
+        Modifier::Alt => state.alt = value,
+        Modifier::Ctrl => state.ctrl = value,
+        Modifier::Shift => state.shift = value,
+        Modifier::Logo => state.logo = value,
     }
 }

src/platform_impl/linux/x11/util/randr.rs

@@ -6,17 +6,24 @@ use super::{
 };
 use crate::{dpi::validate_hidpi_factor, platform_impl::platform::x11::VideoMode};
 
-/// Represents values of `WINIT_HIDPI_FACTOR`.
-pub enum EnvVarDPI {
-    Randr,
-    Scale(f64),
-    NotSet,
-}
-
 pub fn calc_dpi_factor(
     (width_px, height_px): (u32, u32),
     (width_mm, height_mm): (u64, u64),
 ) -> f64 {
+    // Override DPI if `WINIT_HIDPI_FACTOR` variable is set
+    let dpi_override = env::var("WINIT_HIDPI_FACTOR")
+        .ok()
+        .and_then(|var| f64::from_str(&var).ok());
+    if let Some(dpi_override) = dpi_override {
+        if !validate_hidpi_factor(dpi_override) {
+            panic!(
+                "`WINIT_HIDPI_FACTOR` invalid; DPI factors must be normal floats greater than 0. Got `{}`",
+                dpi_override,
+            );
+        }
+        return dpi_override;
+    }
+
     // See http://xpra.org/trac/ticket/728 for more information.
     if width_mm == 0 || height_mm == 0 {
         warn!("XRandR reported that the display's 0mm in size, which is certifiably insane");
@@ -100,55 +107,16 @@ impl XConnection {
             (*output_info).nameLen as usize,
         );
         let name = String::from_utf8_lossy(name_slice).into();
-        // Override DPI if `WINIT_HIDPI_FACTOR` variable is set
-        let dpi_env = env::var("WINIT_HIDPI_FACTOR").ok().map_or_else(
-            || EnvVarDPI::NotSet,
-            |var| {
-                if var.to_lowercase() == "randr" {
-                    EnvVarDPI::Randr
-                } else if let Ok(dpi) = f64::from_str(&var) {
-                    EnvVarDPI::Scale(dpi)
-                } else if var.is_empty() {
-                    EnvVarDPI::NotSet
-                } else {
-                    panic!(
-                        "`WINIT_HIDPI_FACTOR` invalid; DPI factors must be either normal floats greater than 0, or `randr`. Got `{}`",
-                        var
-                    );
-                }
-            },
-        );
-
-        let hidpi_factor = match dpi_env {
-            EnvVarDPI::Randr => calc_dpi_factor(
+        let hidpi_factor = if let Some(dpi) = self.get_xft_dpi() {
+            dpi / 96.
+        } else {
+            calc_dpi_factor(
                 ((*crtc).width as u32, (*crtc).height as u32),
                 (
                     (*output_info).mm_width as u64,
                     (*output_info).mm_height as u64,
                 ),
-            ),
-            EnvVarDPI::Scale(dpi_override) => {
-                if !validate_hidpi_factor(dpi_override) {
-                    panic!(
-                        "`WINIT_HIDPI_FACTOR` invalid; DPI factors must be either normal floats greater than 0, or `randr`. Got `{}`",
-                        dpi_override,
-                    );
-                }
-                dpi_override
-            }
-            EnvVarDPI::NotSet => {
-                if let Some(dpi) = self.get_xft_dpi() {
-                    dpi / 96.
-                } else {
-                    calc_dpi_factor(
-                        ((*crtc).width as u32, (*crtc).height as u32),
-                        (
-                            (*output_info).mm_width as u64,
-                            (*output_info).mm_height as u64,
-                        ),
-                    )
-                }
-            }
+            )
         };
 
         (self.xrandr.XRRFreeOutputInfo)(output_info);

src/platform_impl/linux/x11/window.rs

@@ -651,7 +651,7 @@ impl UnownedWindow {
                 };
 
                 // Don't set fullscreen on an invalid dummy monitor handle
-                if monitor.is_dummy() {
+                if monitor.id == 0 {
                     return None;
                 }
 
@@ -749,35 +749,6 @@ impl UnownedWindow {
         self.xconn.primary_monitor()
     }
 
-    fn set_minimized_inner(&self, minimized: bool) -> util::Flusher<'_> {
-        unsafe {
-            if minimized {
-                let screen = (self.xconn.xlib.XDefaultScreen)(self.xconn.display);
-
-                (self.xconn.xlib.XIconifyWindow)(self.xconn.display, self.xwindow, screen);
-
-                util::Flusher::new(&self.xconn)
-            } else {
-                let atom = self.xconn.get_atom_unchecked(b"_NET_ACTIVE_WINDOW\0");
-
-                self.xconn.send_client_msg(
-                    self.xwindow,
-                    self.root,
-                    atom,
-                    Some(ffi::SubstructureRedirectMask | ffi::SubstructureNotifyMask),
-                    [1, ffi::CurrentTime as c_long, 0, 0, 0],
-                )
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    #[inline]
-    pub fn set_minimized(&self, minimized: bool) {
-        self.set_minimized_inner(minimized)
-            .flush()
-            .expect("Failed to change window minimization");
-    }
-
     fn set_maximized_inner(&self, maximized: bool) -> util::Flusher<'_> {
         let horz_atom = unsafe {
             self.xconn

src/platform_impl/macos/app_state.rs

@@ -11,19 +11,14 @@ use std::{
     time::Instant,
 };
 
-use cocoa::{
-    appkit::NSApp,
-    base::nil,
-    foundation::{NSAutoreleasePool, NSString},
-};
+use cocoa::{appkit::NSApp, base::nil};
 
 use crate::{
-    event::{Event, StartCause},
+    event::{Event, StartCause, WindowEvent},
     event_loop::{ControlFlow, EventLoopWindowTarget as RootWindowTarget},
     platform_impl::platform::{observer::EventLoopWaker, util::Never},
     window::WindowId,
 };
-use objc::runtime::Object;
 
 lazy_static! {
     static ref HANDLER: Handler = Default::default();
@@ -270,37 +265,18 @@ impl AppState {
             for event in HANDLER.take_events() {
                 HANDLER.handle_nonuser_event(event);
             }
-            HANDLER.handle_nonuser_event(Event::MainEventsCleared);
             for window_id in HANDLER.should_redraw() {
-                HANDLER.handle_nonuser_event(Event::RedrawRequested(window_id));
+                HANDLER.handle_nonuser_event(Event::WindowEvent {
+                    window_id,
+                    event: WindowEvent::RedrawRequested,
+                });
             }
-            HANDLER.handle_nonuser_event(Event::RedrawEventsCleared);
+            HANDLER.handle_nonuser_event(Event::EventsCleared);
             HANDLER.set_in_callback(false);
         }
         if HANDLER.should_exit() {
-            unsafe {
-                let _: () = msg_send![NSApp(), stop: nil];
-
-                let pool = NSAutoreleasePool::new(nil);
-
-                let windows: *const Object = msg_send![NSApp(), windows];
-                let window: *const Object = msg_send![windows, objectAtIndex:0];
-                assert_ne!(window, nil);
-
-                let title: *const Object = msg_send![window, title];
-                assert_ne!(title, nil);
-                let postfix = NSString::alloc(nil).init_str("*");
-                let some_unique_title: *const Object =
-                    msg_send![title, stringByAppendingString: postfix];
-                assert_ne!(some_unique_title, nil);
-
-                // To stop event loop immediately, we need to send some UI event here.
-                let _: () = msg_send![window, setTitle: some_unique_title];
-                // And restore it.
-                let _: () = msg_send![window, setTitle: title];
-
-                pool.drain();
-            };
+            let _: () = unsafe { msg_send![NSApp(), terminate: nil] };
+            return;
         }
         HANDLER.update_start_time();
         match HANDLER.get_old_and_new_control_flow() {

src/platform_impl/macos/event.rs

@@ -224,24 +224,12 @@ pub fn check_function_keys(string: &str) -> Option<VirtualKeyCode> {
 
 pub fn event_mods(event: id) -> ModifiersState {
     let flags = unsafe { NSEvent::modifierFlags(event) };
-    let mut m = ModifiersState::empty();
-    m.set(
-        ModifiersState::SHIFT,
-        flags.contains(NSEventModifierFlags::NSShiftKeyMask),
-    );
-    m.set(
-        ModifiersState::CTRL,
-        flags.contains(NSEventModifierFlags::NSControlKeyMask),
-    );
-    m.set(
-        ModifiersState::ALT,
-        flags.contains(NSEventModifierFlags::NSAlternateKeyMask),
-    );
-    m.set(
-        ModifiersState::LOGO,
-        flags.contains(NSEventModifierFlags::NSCommandKeyMask),
-    );
-    m
+    ModifiersState {
+        shift: flags.contains(NSEventModifierFlags::NSShiftKeyMask),
+        ctrl: flags.contains(NSEventModifierFlags::NSControlKeyMask),
+        alt: flags.contains(NSEventModifierFlags::NSAlternateKeyMask),
+        logo: flags.contains(NSEventModifierFlags::NSCommandKeyMask),
+    }
 }
 
 pub fn get_scancode(event: cocoa::base::id) -> c_ushort {
@@ -276,7 +264,6 @@ pub unsafe fn modifier_event(
                 virtual_keycode,
                 modifiers: event_mods(ns_event),
             },
-            is_synthetic: false,
         })
     } else {
         None

src/platform_impl/macos/event_loop.rs

@@ -95,13 +95,12 @@ impl<T> EventLoop<T> {
         F: FnMut(Event<T>, &RootWindowTarget<T>, &mut ControlFlow),
     {
         unsafe {
-            let pool = NSAutoreleasePool::new(nil);
+            let _pool = NSAutoreleasePool::new(nil);
             let app = NSApp();
             assert_ne!(app, nil);
             AppState::set_callback(callback, Rc::clone(&self.window_target));
             let _: () = msg_send![app, run];
             AppState::exit();
-            pool.drain();
         }
     }
 
@@ -143,10 +142,8 @@ impl<T> Proxy<T> {
         }
     }
 
-    pub fn send_event(&self, event: T) -> Result<(), EventLoopClosed<T>> {
-        self.sender
-            .send(event)
-            .map_err(|mpsc::SendError(x)| EventLoopClosed(x))?;
+    pub fn send_event(&self, event: T) -> Result<(), EventLoopClosed> {
+        self.sender.send(event).map_err(|_| EventLoopClosed)?;
         unsafe {
             // let the main thread know there's a new event
             CFRunLoopSourceSignal(self.source);

src/platform_impl/macos/util/async.rs

@@ -60,15 +60,11 @@ pub unsafe fn set_style_mask_async(ns_window: id, ns_view: id, mask: NSWindowSty
 }
 pub unsafe fn set_style_mask_sync(ns_window: id, ns_view: id, mask: NSWindowStyleMask) {
     let context = SetStyleMaskData::new_ptr(ns_window, ns_view, mask);
-    if msg_send![class!(NSThread), isMainThread] {
-        set_style_mask_callback(context as *mut _);
-    } else {
-        dispatch_sync_f(
-            dispatch_get_main_queue(),
-            context as *mut _,
-            set_style_mask_callback,
-        );
-    }
+    dispatch_sync_f(
+        dispatch_get_main_queue(),
+        context as *mut _,
+        set_style_mask_callback,
+    );
 }
 
 struct SetContentSizeData {

src/platform_impl/macos/util/cursor.rs

@@ -3,8 +3,7 @@ use cocoa::{
     base::{id, nil},
     foundation::{NSDictionary, NSPoint, NSString},
 };
-use objc::{runtime::Sel, runtime::NO};
-use std::cell::RefCell;
+use objc::runtime::Sel;
 
 use crate::window::CursorIcon;
 
@@ -127,38 +126,3 @@ pub unsafe fn load_webkit_cursor(cursor_name: &str) -> id {
         hotSpot:point
     ]
 }
-
-pub unsafe fn invisible_cursor() -> id {
-    // 16x16 GIF data for invisible cursor
-    // You can reproduce this via ImageMagick.
-    // $ convert -size 16x16 xc:none cursor.gif
-    static CURSOR_BYTES: &[u8] = &[
-        0x47, 0x49, 0x46, 0x38, 0x39, 0x61, 0x10, 0x00, 0x10, 0x00, 0xF0, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
-        0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x21, 0xF9, 0x04, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x2C, 0x00, 0x00,
-        0x00, 0x00, 0x10, 0x00, 0x10, 0x00, 0x00, 0x02, 0x0E, 0x84, 0x8F, 0xA9, 0xCB, 0xED, 0x0F,
-        0xA3, 0x9C, 0xB4, 0xDA, 0x8B, 0xB3, 0x3E, 0x05, 0x00, 0x3B,
-    ];
-
-    thread_local! {
-        // We can't initialize this at startup.
-        static CURSOR_OBJECT: RefCell<id> = RefCell::new(nil);
-    }
-
-    CURSOR_OBJECT.with(|cursor_obj| {
-        if *cursor_obj.borrow() == nil {
-            // Create a cursor from `CURSOR_BYTES`
-            let cursor_data: id = msg_send![class!(NSData),
-                dataWithBytesNoCopy:CURSOR_BYTES as *const [u8]
-                length:CURSOR_BYTES.len()
-                freeWhenDone:NO
-            ];
-
-            let ns_image: id = msg_send![class!(NSImage), alloc];
-            let _: id = msg_send![ns_image, initWithData: cursor_data];
-            let cursor: id = msg_send![class!(NSCursor), alloc];
-            *cursor_obj.borrow_mut() =
-                msg_send![cursor, initWithImage:ns_image hotSpot: NSPoint::new(0.0, 0.0)];
-        }
-        *cursor_obj.borrow()
-    })
-}

src/platform_impl/macos/view.rs

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ use std::{
 use cocoa::{
     appkit::{NSApp, NSEvent, NSEventModifierFlags, NSEventPhase, NSView, NSWindow},
     base::{id, nil},
-    foundation::{NSInteger, NSPoint, NSRect, NSSize, NSString, NSUInteger},
+    foundation::{NSPoint, NSRect, NSSize, NSString, NSUInteger},
 };
 use objc::{
     declare::ClassDecl,
@@ -18,8 +18,8 @@ use objc::{
 
 use crate::{
     event::{
-        DeviceEvent, ElementState, Event, KeyboardInput, ModifiersState, MouseButton,
-        MouseScrollDelta, TouchPhase, VirtualKeyCode, WindowEvent,
+        DeviceEvent, ElementState, Event, KeyboardInput, MouseButton, MouseScrollDelta, TouchPhase,
+        VirtualKeyCode, WindowEvent,
     },
     platform_impl::platform::{
         app_state::AppState,
@@ -35,41 +35,33 @@ use crate::{
     window::WindowId,
 };
 
-pub struct CursorState {
-    pub visible: bool,
-    pub cursor: util::Cursor,
-}
-
-impl Default for CursorState {
-    fn default() -> Self {
-        Self {
-            visible: true,
-            cursor: Default::default(),
-        }
-    }
+#[derive(Default)]
+struct Modifiers {
+    shift_pressed: bool,
+    ctrl_pressed: bool,
+    win_pressed: bool,
+    alt_pressed: bool,
 }
 
 struct ViewState {
     ns_window: id,
-    pub cursor_state: Arc<Mutex<CursorState>>,
+    pub cursor: Arc<Mutex<util::Cursor>>,
     ime_spot: Option<(f64, f64)>,
     raw_characters: Option<String>,
     is_key_down: bool,
-    modifiers: ModifiersState,
-    tracking_rect: Option<NSInteger>,
+    modifiers: Modifiers,
 }
 
-pub fn new_view(ns_window: id) -> (IdRef, Weak<Mutex<CursorState>>) {
-    let cursor_state = Default::default();
-    let cursor_access = Arc::downgrade(&cursor_state);
+pub fn new_view(ns_window: id) -> (IdRef, Weak<Mutex<util::Cursor>>) {
+    let cursor = Default::default();
+    let cursor_access = Arc::downgrade(&cursor);
     let state = ViewState {
         ns_window,
-        cursor_state,
+        cursor,
         ime_spot: None,
         raw_characters: None,
         is_key_down: false,
         modifiers: Default::default(),
-        tracking_rect: None,
     };
     unsafe {
         // This is free'd in `dealloc`
@@ -244,10 +236,6 @@ lazy_static! {
             sel!(cancelOperation:),
             cancel_operation as extern "C" fn(&Object, Sel, id),
         );
-        decl.add_method(
-            sel!(frameDidChange:),
-            frame_did_change as extern "C" fn(&Object, Sel, id),
-        );
         decl.add_ivar::<*mut c_void>("winitState");
         decl.add_ivar::<id>("markedText");
         let protocol = Protocol::get("NSTextInputClient").unwrap();
@@ -273,19 +261,6 @@ extern "C" fn init_with_winit(this: &Object, _sel: Sel, state: *mut c_void) -> i
             let marked_text =
                 <id as NSMutableAttributedString>::init(NSMutableAttributedString::alloc(nil));
             (*this).set_ivar("markedText", marked_text);
-            let _: () = msg_send![this, setPostsFrameChangedNotifications: YES];
-
-            let notification_center: &Object =
-                msg_send![class!(NSNotificationCenter), defaultCenter];
-            let notification_name =
-                NSString::alloc(nil).init_str("NSViewFrameDidChangeNotification");
-            let _: () = msg_send![
-                notification_center,
-                addObserver: this
-                selector: sel!(frameDidChange:)
-                name: notification_name
-                object: this
-            ];
         }
         this
     }
@@ -294,46 +269,17 @@ extern "C" fn init_with_winit(this: &Object, _sel: Sel, state: *mut c_void) -> i
 extern "C" fn view_did_move_to_window(this: &Object, _sel: Sel) {
     trace!("Triggered `viewDidMoveToWindow`");
     unsafe {
-        let state_ptr: *mut c_void = *this.get_ivar("winitState");
-        let state = &mut *(state_ptr as *mut ViewState);
-
-        if let Some(tracking_rect) = state.tracking_rect.take() {
-            let _: () = msg_send![this, removeTrackingRect: tracking_rect];
-        }
-
         let rect: NSRect = msg_send![this, visibleRect];
-        let tracking_rect: NSInteger = msg_send![this,
+        let _: () = msg_send![this,
             addTrackingRect:rect
             owner:this
             userData:nil
             assumeInside:NO
         ];
-        state.tracking_rect = Some(tracking_rect);
     }
     trace!("Completed `viewDidMoveToWindow`");
 }
 
-extern "C" fn frame_did_change(this: &Object, _sel: Sel, _event: id) {
-    unsafe {
-        let state_ptr: *mut c_void = *this.get_ivar("winitState");
-        let state = &mut *(state_ptr as *mut ViewState);
-
-        if let Some(tracking_rect) = state.tracking_rect.take() {
-            let _: () = msg_send![this, removeTrackingRect: tracking_rect];
-        }
-
-        let rect: NSRect = msg_send![this, visibleRect];
-        let tracking_rect: NSInteger = msg_send![this,
-            addTrackingRect:rect
-            owner:this
-            userData:nil
-            assumeInside:NO
-        ];
-
-        state.tracking_rect = Some(tracking_rect);
-    }
-}
-
 extern "C" fn draw_rect(this: &Object, _sel: Sel, rect: NSRect) {
     unsafe {
         let state_ptr: *mut c_void = *this.get_ivar("winitState");
@@ -363,12 +309,7 @@ extern "C" fn reset_cursor_rects(this: &Object, _sel: Sel) {
         let state = &mut *(state_ptr as *mut ViewState);
 
         let bounds: NSRect = msg_send![this, bounds];
-        let cursor_state = state.cursor_state.lock().unwrap();
-        let cursor = if cursor_state.visible {
-            cursor_state.cursor.load()
-        } else {
-            util::invisible_cursor()
-        };
+        let cursor = state.cursor.lock().unwrap().load();
         let _: () = msg_send![this,
             addCursorRect:bounds
             cursor:cursor
@@ -641,7 +582,6 @@ extern "C" fn key_down(this: &Object, _sel: Sel, event: id) {
                     virtual_keycode,
                     modifiers: event_mods(event),
                 },
-                is_synthetic: false,
             },
         };
 
@@ -693,7 +633,6 @@ extern "C" fn key_up(this: &Object, _sel: Sel, event: id) {
                     virtual_keycode,
                     modifiers: event_mods(event),
                 },
-                is_synthetic: false,
             },
         };
 
@@ -713,36 +652,36 @@ extern "C" fn flags_changed(this: &Object, _sel: Sel, event: id) {
         if let Some(window_event) = modifier_event(
             event,
             NSEventModifierFlags::NSShiftKeyMask,
-            state.modifiers.shift(),
+            state.modifiers.shift_pressed,
         ) {
-            state.modifiers.toggle(ModifiersState::SHIFT);
+            state.modifiers.shift_pressed = !state.modifiers.shift_pressed;
             events.push_back(window_event);
         }
 
         if let Some(window_event) = modifier_event(
             event,
             NSEventModifierFlags::NSControlKeyMask,
-            state.modifiers.ctrl(),
+            state.modifiers.ctrl_pressed,
         ) {
-            state.modifiers.toggle(ModifiersState::CTRL);
+            state.modifiers.ctrl_pressed = !state.modifiers.ctrl_pressed;
             events.push_back(window_event);
         }
 
         if let Some(window_event) = modifier_event(
             event,
             NSEventModifierFlags::NSCommandKeyMask,
-            state.modifiers.logo(),
+            state.modifiers.win_pressed,
         ) {
-            state.modifiers.toggle(ModifiersState::LOGO);
+            state.modifiers.win_pressed = !state.modifiers.win_pressed;
             events.push_back(window_event);
         }
 
         if let Some(window_event) = modifier_event(
             event,
             NSEventModifierFlags::NSAlternateKeyMask,
-            state.modifiers.alt(),
+            state.modifiers.alt_pressed,
         ) {
-            state.modifiers.toggle(ModifiersState::ALT);
+            state.modifiers.alt_pressed = !state.modifiers.alt_pressed;
             events.push_back(window_event);
         }
 
@@ -752,11 +691,6 @@ extern "C" fn flags_changed(this: &Object, _sel: Sel, event: id) {
                 event,
             });
         }
-
-        AppState::queue_event(Event::DeviceEvent {
-            device_id: DEVICE_ID,
-            event: DeviceEvent::ModifiersChanged(state.modifiers),
-        });
     }
     trace!("Completed `flagsChanged`");
 }
@@ -807,7 +741,6 @@ extern "C" fn cancel_operation(this: &Object, _sel: Sel, _sender: id) {
                     virtual_keycode,
                     modifiers: event_mods(event),
                 },
-                is_synthetic: false,
             },
         };
 

src/platform_impl/macos/window.rs

@@ -20,7 +20,6 @@ use crate::{
         ffi,
         monitor::{self, MonitorHandle, VideoMode},
         util::{self, IdRef},
-        view::CursorState,
         view::{self, new_view},
         window_delegate::new_delegate,
         OsError,
@@ -91,8 +90,8 @@ fn create_app(activation_policy: ActivationPolicy) -> Option<id> {
 unsafe fn create_view(
     ns_window: id,
     pl_attribs: &PlatformSpecificWindowBuilderAttributes,
-) -> Option<(IdRef, Weak<Mutex<CursorState>>)> {
-    let (ns_view, cursor_state) = new_view(ns_window);
+) -> Option<(IdRef, Weak<Mutex<util::Cursor>>)> {
+    let (ns_view, cursor) = new_view(ns_window);
     ns_view.non_nil().map(|ns_view| {
         if !pl_attribs.disallow_hidpi {
             ns_view.setWantsBestResolutionOpenGLSurface_(YES);
@@ -109,7 +108,7 @@ unsafe fn create_view(
 
         ns_window.setContentView_(*ns_view);
         ns_window.makeFirstResponder_(*ns_view);
-        (ns_view, cursor_state)
+        (ns_view, cursor)
     })
 }
 
@@ -244,13 +243,6 @@ lazy_static! {
 pub struct SharedState {
     pub resizable: bool,
     pub fullscreen: Option<Fullscreen>,
-    // This is true between windowWillEnterFullScreen and windowDidEnterFullScreen
-    // or windowWillExitFullScreen and windowDidExitFullScreen.
-    // We must not toggle fullscreen when this is true.
-    pub in_fullscreen_transition: bool,
-    // If it is attempted to toggle fullscreen when in_fullscreen_transition is true,
-    // Set target_fullscreen and do after fullscreen transition is end.
-    pub target_fullscreen: Option<Option<Fullscreen>>,
     pub maximized: bool,
     pub standard_frame: Option<NSRect>,
     is_simple_fullscreen: bool,
@@ -291,7 +283,8 @@ pub struct UnownedWindow {
     input_context: IdRef, // never changes
     pub shared_state: Arc<Mutex<SharedState>>,
     decorations: AtomicBool,
-    cursor_state: Weak<Mutex<CursorState>>,
+    cursor: Weak<Mutex<util::Cursor>>,
+    cursor_visible: AtomicBool,
 }
 
 unsafe impl Send for UnownedWindow {}
@@ -320,7 +313,7 @@ impl UnownedWindow {
             os_error!(OsError::CreationError("Couldn't create `NSWindow`"))
         })?;
 
-        let (ns_view, cursor_state) =
+        let (ns_view, cursor) =
             unsafe { create_view(*ns_window, &pl_attribs) }.ok_or_else(|| {
                 unsafe { pool.drain() };
                 os_error!(OsError::CreationError("Couldn't create `NSView`"))
@@ -368,7 +361,8 @@ impl UnownedWindow {
             input_context,
             shared_state: Arc::new(Mutex::new(win_attribs.into())),
             decorations: AtomicBool::new(decorations),
-            cursor_state,
+            cursor,
+            cursor_visible: AtomicBool::new(true),
         });
 
         let delegate = new_delegate(&window, fullscreen.is_some());
@@ -515,8 +509,8 @@ impl UnownedWindow {
 
     pub fn set_cursor_icon(&self, cursor: CursorIcon) {
         let cursor = util::Cursor::from(cursor);
-        if let Some(cursor_access) = self.cursor_state.upgrade() {
-            cursor_access.lock().unwrap().cursor = cursor;
+        if let Some(cursor_access) = self.cursor.upgrade() {
+            *cursor_access.lock().unwrap() = cursor;
         }
         unsafe {
             let _: () = msg_send![*self.ns_window,
@@ -534,17 +528,16 @@ impl UnownedWindow {
 
     #[inline]
     pub fn set_cursor_visible(&self, visible: bool) {
-        if let Some(cursor_access) = self.cursor_state.upgrade() {
-            let mut cursor_state = cursor_access.lock().unwrap();
-            if visible != cursor_state.visible {
-                cursor_state.visible = visible;
-                drop(cursor_state);
-                unsafe {
-                    let _: () = msg_send![*self.ns_window,
-                        invalidateCursorRectsForView:*self.ns_view
-                    ];
-                }
+        let cursor_class = class!(NSCursor);
+        // macOS uses a "hide counter" like Windows does, so we avoid incrementing it more than once.
+        // (otherwise, `hide_cursor(false)` would need to be called n times!)
+        if visible != self.cursor_visible.load(Ordering::Acquire) {
+            if visible {
+                let _: () = unsafe { msg_send![cursor_class, unhide] };
+            } else {
+                let _: () = unsafe { msg_send![cursor_class, hide] };
             }
+            self.cursor_visible.store(visible, Ordering::Release);
         }
     }
 
@@ -624,25 +617,6 @@ impl UnownedWindow {
         self.set_maximized(maximized);
     }
 
-    #[inline]
-    pub fn set_minimized(&self, minimized: bool) {
-        let is_minimized: BOOL = unsafe { msg_send![*self.ns_window, isMiniaturized] };
-        let is_minimized: bool = is_minimized == YES;
-        if is_minimized == minimized {
-            return;
-        }
-
-        if minimized {
-            unsafe {
-                NSWindow::miniaturize_(*self.ns_window, *self.ns_window);
-            }
-        } else {
-            unsafe {
-                NSWindow::deminiaturize_(*self.ns_window, *self.ns_window);
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
     #[inline]
     pub fn set_maximized(&self, maximized: bool) {
         let is_zoomed = self.is_zoomed();
@@ -668,18 +642,11 @@ impl UnownedWindow {
     #[inline]
     pub fn set_fullscreen(&self, fullscreen: Option<Fullscreen>) {
         trace!("Locked shared state in `set_fullscreen`");
-        let mut shared_state_lock = self.shared_state.lock().unwrap();
+        let shared_state_lock = self.shared_state.lock().unwrap();
         if shared_state_lock.is_simple_fullscreen {
             trace!("Unlocked shared state in `set_fullscreen`");
             return;
         }
-        if shared_state_lock.in_fullscreen_transition {
-            // We can't set fullscreen here.
-            // Set fullscreen after transition.
-            shared_state_lock.target_fullscreen = Some(fullscreen);
-            trace!("Unlocked shared state in `set_fullscreen`");
-            return;
-        }
         let old_fullscreen = shared_state_lock.fullscreen.clone();
         if fullscreen == old_fullscreen {
             trace!("Unlocked shared state in `set_fullscreen`");

src/platform_impl/macos/window_delegate.rs

@@ -195,10 +195,6 @@ lazy_static! {
             sel!(windowDidExitFullScreen:),
             window_did_exit_fullscreen as extern "C" fn(&Object, Sel, id),
         );
-        decl.add_method(
-            sel!(windowWillExitFullScreen:),
-            window_will_exit_fullscreen as extern "C" fn(&Object, Sel, id),
-        );
         decl.add_method(
             sel!(windowDidFailToEnterFullScreen:),
             window_did_fail_to_enter_fullscreen as extern "C" fn(&Object, Sel, id),
@@ -423,27 +419,13 @@ extern "C" fn window_will_enter_fullscreen(this: &Object, _: Sel, _: id) {
                     shared_state.fullscreen = Some(Fullscreen::Borderless(window.current_monitor()))
                 }
             }
-            shared_state.in_fullscreen_transition = true;
+
             trace!("Unlocked shared state in `window_will_enter_fullscreen`");
         })
     });
     trace!("Completed `windowWillEnterFullscreen:`");
 }
 
-/// Invoked when before exit fullscreen
-extern "C" fn window_will_exit_fullscreen(this: &Object, _: Sel, _: id) {
-    trace!("Triggered `windowWillExitFullScreen:`");
-    with_state(this, |state| {
-        state.with_window(|window| {
-            trace!("Locked shared state in `window_will_exit_fullscreen`");
-            let mut shared_state = window.shared_state.lock().unwrap();
-            shared_state.in_fullscreen_transition = true;
-            trace!("Unlocked shared state in `window_will_exit_fullscreen`");
-        });
-    });
-    trace!("Completed `windowWillExitFullScreen:`");
-}
-
 extern "C" fn window_will_use_fullscreen_presentation_options(
     _this: &Object,
     _: Sel,
@@ -469,17 +451,6 @@ extern "C" fn window_did_enter_fullscreen(this: &Object, _: Sel, _: id) {
     trace!("Triggered `windowDidEnterFullscreen:`");
     with_state(this, |state| {
         state.initial_fullscreen = false;
-        state.with_window(|window| {
-            trace!("Locked shared state in `window_did_enter_fullscreen`");
-            let mut shared_state = window.shared_state.lock().unwrap();
-            shared_state.in_fullscreen_transition = false;
-            let target_fullscreen = shared_state.target_fullscreen.take();
-            trace!("Unlocked shared state in `window_did_enter_fullscreen`");
-            drop(shared_state);
-            if let Some(target_fullscreen) = target_fullscreen {
-                window.set_fullscreen(target_fullscreen);
-            }
-        });
     });
     trace!("Completed `windowDidEnterFullscreen:`");
 }
@@ -490,15 +461,6 @@ extern "C" fn window_did_exit_fullscreen(this: &Object, _: Sel, _: id) {
     with_state(this, |state| {
         state.with_window(|window| {
             window.restore_state_from_fullscreen();
-            trace!("Locked shared state in `window_did_exit_fullscreen`");
-            let mut shared_state = window.shared_state.lock().unwrap();
-            shared_state.in_fullscreen_transition = false;
-            let target_fullscreen = shared_state.target_fullscreen.take();
-            trace!("Unlocked shared state in `window_did_exit_fullscreen`");
-            drop(shared_state);
-            if let Some(target_fullscreen) = target_fullscreen {
-                window.set_fullscreen(target_fullscreen);
-            }
         })
     });
     trace!("Completed `windowDidExitFullscreen:`");
@@ -523,13 +485,6 @@ extern "C" fn window_did_exit_fullscreen(this: &Object, _: Sel, _: id) {
 extern "C" fn window_did_fail_to_enter_fullscreen(this: &Object, _: Sel, _: id) {
     trace!("Triggered `windowDidFailToEnterFullscreen:`");
     with_state(this, |state| {
-        state.with_window(|window| {
-            trace!("Locked shared state in `window_did_fail_to_enter_fullscreen`");
-            let mut shared_state = window.shared_state.lock().unwrap();
-            shared_state.in_fullscreen_transition = false;
-            shared_state.target_fullscreen = None;
-            trace!("Unlocked shared state in `window_did_fail_to_enter_fullscreen`");
-        });
         if state.initial_fullscreen {
             let _: () = unsafe {
                 msg_send![*state.ns_window,

src/platform_impl/web/device.rs

@@ -1,8 +0,0 @@
-#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord, Hash)]
-pub struct Id(pub i32);
-
-impl Id {
-    pub unsafe fn dummy() -> Self {
-        Id(0)
-    }
-}

src/platform_impl/web/device/gamepad/constants.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+use crate::event::device::{GamepadAxis, GamepadButton};
+
+pub(crate) static BUTTONS: [GamepadButton; 16] = [
+    GamepadButton::South,
+    GamepadButton::East,
+    GamepadButton::West,
+    GamepadButton::North,
+    GamepadButton::LeftTrigger,
+    GamepadButton::RightTrigger,
+    GamepadButton::LeftShoulder,
+    GamepadButton::RightShoulder,
+    GamepadButton::Select,
+    GamepadButton::Start,
+    GamepadButton::LeftStick,
+    GamepadButton::RightStick,
+    GamepadButton::DPadUp,
+    GamepadButton::DPadDown,
+    GamepadButton::DPadLeft,
+    GamepadButton::DPadRight,
+];
+
+pub(crate) static AXES: [GamepadAxis; 6] = [
+    GamepadAxis::LeftStickX,
+    GamepadAxis::LeftStickY,
+    GamepadAxis::RightStickX,
+    GamepadAxis::RightStickY,
+    GamepadAxis::LeftTrigger,
+    GamepadAxis::RightTrigger,
+];
+
+pub(crate) fn button_code(index: usize) -> Option<GamepadButton> {
+    BUTTONS.get(index).map(|ev| ev.clone())
+}
+
+pub(crate) fn axis_code(index: usize) -> Option<GamepadAxis> {
+    AXES.get(index).map(|ev| ev.clone())
+}

src/platform_impl/web/device/gamepad/manager.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,167 @@
+use super::utils;
+use crate::event::device;
+use crate::platform_impl::platform::{backend, device::gamepad, GamepadHandle, event_loop::global};
+use std::collections::VecDeque;
+
+pub struct Manager {
+    pub(crate) gamepads: Vec<backend::gamepad::Gamepad>,
+    pub(crate) events: VecDeque<(backend::gamepad::Gamepad, device::GamepadEvent)>,
+    pub(crate) global_window: Option<global::Shared>,
+}
+
+impl Manager {
+    pub fn new() -> Self {
+        Self {
+            gamepads: Vec::new(),
+            events: VecDeque::new(),
+            global_window: None,
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Register global window to fetch gamepads.
+    // Due to Chrome issue, I prefer to use its gamepad list
+    pub fn set_global_window(&mut self, global_window: global::Shared) {
+        self.global_window.replace(global_window);
+    }
+
+    // Get an updated raw gamepad and generate a new mapping
+    pub fn collect_gamepads(&self) -> Option<Vec<backend::gamepad::Gamepad>> {
+        self.global_window.as_ref().map(|w| w.get_gamepads())
+    }
+
+    // Collect gamepad events (buttons/axes/sticks)
+    // dispatch to handler and update gamepads
+    pub fn collect_events<F>(&mut self, mut handler: F)
+    where
+        F: 'static + FnMut((device::GamepadHandle, device::GamepadEvent)),
+    {
+        let opt_new_gamepads = self.collect_gamepads();
+        if opt_new_gamepads.is_none() {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        let new_gamepads = opt_new_gamepads.unwrap();
+        let old_gamepads = &self.gamepads;
+
+        let mut old_index = 0;
+        let mut new_index = 0;
+
+        // Collect events
+        loop {
+            match (old_gamepads.get(old_index), new_gamepads.get(new_index)) {
+                (Some(old), Some(new)) if old.index() == new.index() => {
+                    // Button events
+                    let buttons = old.mapping.buttons().zip(new.mapping.buttons()).enumerate();
+                    for (btn_index, (old_button, new_button)) in buttons {
+                        match (old_button, new_button) {
+                            (false, true) => {
+                                self.events.push_back((new.clone(), utils::gamepad_button(btn_index, true)))
+                            }
+                            (true, false) => {
+                                self.events.push_back((new.clone(), utils::gamepad_button(btn_index, false)))
+                            }
+                            _ => (),
+                        }
+                    }
+
+                    // Axis events
+                    let axes = old.mapping.axes().zip(new.mapping.axes()).enumerate();
+                    for (axis_index, (old_axis, new_axis)) in axes {
+                        if old_axis != new_axis {
+                            self.events.push_back((new.clone(), utils::gamepad_axis(axis_index, new_axis)))
+                        }
+                    }
+
+                    // Stick events
+                    let mut old_axes = old.mapping.axes();
+                    let mut new_axes = new.mapping.axes();
+
+                    let old_left = (old_axes.next(), old_axes.next());
+                    let new_left = (new_axes.next(), new_axes.next());
+                    if old_left != new_left {
+                        if let (Some(x), Some(y)) = (new_left.0, new_left.1) {
+                            self.events.push_back((
+                                new.clone(),
+                                utils::gamepad_stick(0, 1, x, y, device::Side::Left),
+                            ));
+                        }
+                    }
+
+                    let old_right = (old_axes.next(), old_axes.next());
+                    let new_right = (new_axes.next(), new_axes.next());
+                    if old_right != new_right {
+                        if let (Some(x), Some(y)) = (new_right.0, new_right.1) {
+                            self.events.push_back((
+                                new.clone(),
+                                utils::gamepad_stick(2, 3, x, y, device::Side::Right),
+                            ));
+                        }
+                    }
+
+                    // Increment indices
+                    old_index += 1;
+                    new_index += 1;
+                },
+
+                // Connect
+                (None, Some(new)) => {
+                    self.events.push_back((
+                        new.clone(),
+                        device::GamepadEvent::Added,
+                    ));
+                    new_index += 1;
+                },
+
+                // Connect
+                (Some(old), Some(new)) if old.index > new.index => {
+                    self.events.push_back((
+                        new.clone(),
+                        device::GamepadEvent::Added,
+                    ));
+                    new_index += 1;
+                },
+
+                // Disconnect
+                (Some(old), Some(_new)) => {
+                    self.events.push_back((
+                        old.clone(),
+                        device::GamepadEvent::Removed,
+                    ));
+                    old_index += 1;
+                },
+
+                // Disconnect
+                (Some(old), None) => {
+                    self.events.push_back((
+                        old.clone(),
+                        device::GamepadEvent::Removed,
+                    ));
+                    old_index += 1;
+                },
+
+                // Break loop
+                (None, None) => {
+                    break
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Dispatch events and drain events vec
+        loop {
+            if let Some((gamepad, event)) = self.events.pop_front() {
+                handler((
+                    device::GamepadHandle(GamepadHandle {
+                        id: gamepad.index,
+                        gamepad: gamepad::Shared::Raw(gamepad),
+                    }),
+                    event,
+                ));
+            } else {
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Update gamepads
+        self.gamepads = new_gamepads;
+    }
+}

src/platform_impl/web/device/gamepad/mapping.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+pub enum Mapping {
+    Standard { buttons: [bool; 16], axes: [f64; 6] },
+    NoMapping { buttons: Vec<bool>, axes: Vec<f64> },
+}
+
+impl Mapping {
+    pub(crate) fn buttons<'a>(&'a self) -> impl Iterator<Item = bool> + 'a {
+        match self {
+            Mapping::Standard { buttons, .. } => buttons.iter(),
+            Mapping::NoMapping { buttons, .. } => buttons.iter(),
+        }
+        .cloned()
+    }
+
+    pub(crate) fn axes<'a>(&'a self) -> impl Iterator<Item = f64> + 'a {
+        match self {
+            Mapping::Standard { axes, .. } => axes.iter(),
+            Mapping::NoMapping { axes, .. } => axes.iter(),
+        }
+        .cloned()
+    }
+}

src/platform_impl/web/device/gamepad/mod.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
+mod manager;
+mod mapping;
+mod utils;
+
+pub mod constants;
+pub use manager::Manager;
+pub use mapping::Mapping;
+
+use crate::event::device::{BatteryLevel, RumbleError};
+use crate::platform_impl::platform::backend;
+use std::fmt;
+
+pub enum Shared {
+    Raw(backend::gamepad::Gamepad),
+    Dummy,
+}
+
+impl Shared {
+    // An integer that is auto-incremented to be unique for each device
+    // currently connected to the system.
+    // https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Gamepad/index
+    pub fn id(&self) -> i32 {
+        match self {
+            Shared::Raw(g) => g.index() as i32,
+            Shared::Dummy => -1,
+        }
+    }
+
+    // A string containing some information about the controller.
+    // https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Gamepad/id
+    pub fn info(&self) -> String {
+        match self {
+            Shared::Raw(g) => g.id(),
+            Shared::Dummy => String::new(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    // A boolean indicating whether the gamepad is still connected to the system.
+    // https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Gamepad/connected
+    pub fn connected(&self) -> bool {
+        match self {
+            Shared::Raw(g) => g.connected(),
+            Shared::Dummy => false,
+        }
+    }
+
+    // [EXPERIMENTAL] An array containing GamepadHapticActuator objects,
+    // each of which represents haptic feedback hardware available on the controller.
+    // https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Gamepad/hapticActuators
+    pub fn rumble(&self, left_speed: f64, _right_speed: f64) -> Result<(), RumbleError> {
+        match self {
+            Shared::Dummy => Ok(()),
+            Shared::Raw(g) => {
+                g.vibrate(left_speed, 1000f64);
+                Ok(())
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn is_dummy(&self) -> bool {
+        match self {
+            Shared::Dummy => true,
+            _ => false,
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn port(&self) -> Option<u8> {
+        None
+    }
+
+    pub fn battery_level(&self) -> Option<BatteryLevel> {
+        None
+    }
+}
+
+impl Clone for Shared {
+    fn clone(&self) -> Self {
+        match self {
+            Shared::Raw(g) => Shared::Raw(g.clone()),
+            Shared::Dummy => Shared::Dummy,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl Default for Shared {
+    fn default() -> Self {
+        Shared::Dummy
+    }
+}
+
+impl fmt::Debug for Shared {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> Result<(), fmt::Error> {
+        if self.is_dummy() {
+            write!(f, "Gamepad (Dummy)")
+        } else {
+            write!(f, "Gamepad ({}#{})", self.id(), self.info())
+        }
+    }
+}

src/platform_impl/web/device/gamepad/utils.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+use crate::event::{ElementState, device};
+use super::constants;
+
+pub fn gamepad_button(code: usize, pressed: bool) -> device::GamepadEvent {
+  let button_id = code as u32;
+  let button = constants::button_code(code);
+
+  let state = if pressed {
+      ElementState::Pressed
+  } else {
+      ElementState::Released
+  };
+
+  device::GamepadEvent::Button {
+      button_id,
+      button,
+      state,
+  }
+}
+
+pub fn gamepad_axis(code: usize, value: f64) -> device::GamepadEvent {
+  let axis_id = code as u32;
+  let axis = constants::axis_code(code);
+
+  device::GamepadEvent::Axis {
+      axis_id,
+      axis,
+      value,
+      stick: true,
+  }
+}
+
+pub fn gamepad_stick(x_code: usize, y_code: usize, x_value: f64, y_value: f64, side: device::Side) -> device::GamepadEvent {
+  let x_id = x_code as u32;
+  let y_id = y_code as u32;
+
+  device::GamepadEvent::Stick {
+      x_id,
+      y_id,
+      x_value,
+      y_value,
+      side,
+  }
+}

src/platform_impl/web/device/mod.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,161 @@
+pub mod gamepad;
+
+use super::event_loop::EventLoop;
+use crate::event::device;
+
+use std::{
+    cmp::{Eq, Ordering, PartialEq, PartialOrd},
+    hash::{Hash, Hasher},
+};
+
+#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord, Hash)]
+pub(crate) struct MouseId(pub i32);
+
+unsafe impl Send for MouseId {}
+unsafe impl Sync for MouseId {}
+
+impl MouseId {
+    pub unsafe fn dummy() -> Self {
+        Self(0)
+    }
+
+    pub fn is_connected(&self) -> bool {
+        false
+    }
+
+    pub fn enumerate<'a, T>(
+        event_loop: &'a EventLoop<T>,
+    ) -> impl 'a + Iterator<Item = device::MouseId> {
+        event_loop.mice()
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<MouseId> for device::MouseId {
+    fn from(platform_id: MouseId) -> Self {
+        Self(platform_id)
+    }
+}
+#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord, Hash)]
+pub(crate) struct KeyboardId(pub i32);
+
+unsafe impl Send for KeyboardId {}
+unsafe impl Sync for KeyboardId {}
+
+impl KeyboardId {
+    pub unsafe fn dummy() -> Self {
+        Self(0)
+    }
+
+    pub fn is_connected(&self) -> bool {
+        false
+    }
+
+    pub fn enumerate<'a, T>(
+        event_loop: &'a EventLoop<T>,
+    ) -> impl 'a + Iterator<Item = device::KeyboardId> {
+        event_loop.keyboards()
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<KeyboardId> for device::KeyboardId {
+    fn from(platform_id: KeyboardId) -> Self {
+        Self(platform_id)
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord, Hash)]
+pub(crate) struct HidId(pub i32);
+
+unsafe impl Send for HidId {}
+unsafe impl Sync for HidId {}
+
+impl HidId {
+    pub unsafe fn dummy() -> Self {
+        Self(0)
+    }
+
+    pub fn is_connected(&self) -> bool {
+        false
+    }
+
+    pub fn enumerate<'a, T>(
+        event_loop: &'a EventLoop<T>,
+    ) -> impl 'a + Iterator<Item = device::HidId> {
+        event_loop.hids()
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<HidId> for device::HidId {
+    fn from(platform_id: HidId) -> Self {
+        Self(platform_id)
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
+pub(crate) struct GamepadHandle {
+    pub(crate) id: i32,
+    pub(crate) gamepad: gamepad::Shared,
+}
+
+unsafe impl Send for GamepadHandle {}
+unsafe impl Sync for GamepadHandle {}
+
+impl GamepadHandle {
+    pub unsafe fn dummy() -> Self {
+        Self {
+            id: -1,
+            gamepad: gamepad::Shared::default(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn is_connected(&self) -> bool {
+        self.gamepad.connected()
+    }
+
+    pub fn enumerate<'a, T>(
+        event_loop: &'a EventLoop<T>,
+    ) -> impl 'a + Iterator<Item = device::GamepadHandle> {
+        event_loop.gamepads()
+    }
+
+    pub fn rumble(&self, left_speed: f64, right_speed: f64) -> Result<(), device::RumbleError> {
+        self.gamepad.rumble(left_speed, right_speed)
+    }
+
+    pub fn port(&self) -> Option<u8> {
+        self.gamepad.port()
+    }
+
+    pub fn battery_level(&self) -> Option<device::BatteryLevel> {
+        self.gamepad.battery_level()
+    }
+}
+
+impl Eq for GamepadHandle {}
+
+impl PartialEq for GamepadHandle {
+    #[inline(always)]
+    fn eq(&self, othr: &Self) -> bool {
+        self.id == othr.id
+    }
+}
+
+impl Ord for GamepadHandle {
+    #[inline(always)]
+    fn cmp(&self, othr: &Self) -> Ordering {
+        self.id.cmp(&othr.id)
+    }
+}
+impl PartialOrd for GamepadHandle {
+    #[inline(always)]
+    fn partial_cmp(&self, othr: &Self) -> Option<Ordering> {
+        self.id.partial_cmp(&othr.id)
+    }
+}
+
+impl Hash for GamepadHandle {
+    #[inline(always)]
+    fn hash<H: Hasher>(&self, state: &mut H) {
+        self.id.hash(state)
+    }
+}

src/platform_impl/web/event_loop/global.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+use super::super::device::{gamepad, GamepadHandle};
+use super::backend;
+use crate::event::device;
+use std::{cell::RefCell, rc::Rc, collections::HashSet};
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub struct Window {
+    raw: RefCell<Option<backend::window::Shared>>,
+    gamepads: Rc<RefCell<HashSet<i32>>>,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub struct Shared(Rc<Window>);
+
+impl Shared {
+    pub fn new() -> Self {
+        Self(Rc::new(Window {
+            raw: RefCell::new(None),
+            gamepads: Rc::new(RefCell::new(HashSet::new())),
+        }))
+    }
+
+    // Request window object and listen global events
+    pub fn register_events(&self) -> Result<(), crate::error::OsError> {
+        if (*self.0.raw.borrow()).is_none() {
+            let shared = backend::window::Shared::create()?;
+            let mut window = shared.0.borrow_mut();
+
+            let shared_gamepads = self.0.gamepads.clone();
+            window.on_gamepad_connected(move |gamepad: backend::gamepad::Gamepad| {
+                let mut gamepads = shared_gamepads.borrow_mut();
+                let index = gamepad.index();
+                if !gamepads.contains(&index) {
+                    gamepads.insert(index);
+                }
+            });
+
+            let shared_gamepads = self.0.gamepads.clone();
+            window.on_gamepad_disconnected(move |gamepad: backend::gamepad::Gamepad| {
+                let mut gamepads = shared_gamepads.borrow_mut();
+                let index = gamepad.index();
+                if gamepads.contains(&index) {
+                    gamepads.remove(&index);
+                }
+            });
+
+            self.0.raw.replace(Some(shared.clone()));
+        }
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    // Google Chrome create an array of [null, null, null, null].
+    // To fix that issue, I create my own list of gamepads
+    // by listening "gamepadconnected" and "gamepaddisconnected"
+    pub fn get_gamepads(&self) -> Vec<backend::gamepad::Gamepad> {
+        let gamepads = self.0.gamepads.borrow_mut();
+        backend::get_gamepads()
+        .filter(|g| gamepads.contains(&g.index()))
+        .collect()
+    }
+
+    // Return gamepads handles required for EventLoop::gamepads()
+    pub fn get_gamepad_handles(&self) -> Vec<device::GamepadHandle> {
+        self.get_gamepads()
+            .iter()
+            .map(|gamepad| {
+                device::GamepadHandle(GamepadHandle {
+                    id: gamepad.index,
+                    gamepad: gamepad::Shared::Raw(gamepad.clone()),
+                })
+            })
+            .collect()
+    }
+}
+
+impl Clone for Shared {
+    fn clone(&self) -> Self {
+        Shared(self.0.clone())
+    }
+}

src/platform_impl/web/event_loop/mod.rs

@@ -2,11 +2,12 @@ mod proxy;
 mod runner;
 mod state;
 mod window_target;
+pub(crate) mod global;
 
 pub use self::proxy::Proxy;
 pub use self::window_target::WindowTarget;
 
-use super::{backend, device, monitor, window};
+use super::{backend, monitor, window};
 use crate::event::Event;
 use crate::event_loop as root;
 
@@ -64,4 +65,20 @@ impl<T> EventLoop<T> {
     pub fn window_target(&self) -> &root::EventLoopWindowTarget<T> {
         &self.elw
     }
+
+    pub fn mice(&self) -> impl '_ + Iterator<Item = crate::event::device::MouseId> {
+        std::iter::empty()
+    }
+
+    pub fn keyboards(&self) -> impl '_ + Iterator<Item = crate::event::device::KeyboardId> {
+        std::iter::empty()
+    }
+
+    pub fn hids(&self) -> impl '_ + Iterator<Item = crate::event::device::HidId> {
+        std::iter::empty()
+    }
+
+    pub fn gamepads(&self) -> impl '_ + Iterator<Item = crate::event::device::GamepadHandle> {
+        self.elw.p.collect_gamepads().into_iter()
+    }
 }

src/platform_impl/web/event_loop/proxy.rs

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ impl<T: 'static> Proxy<T> {
         Proxy { runner }
     }
 
-    pub fn send_event(&self, event: T) -> Result<(), EventLoopClosed<T>> {
+    pub fn send_event(&self, event: T) -> Result<(), EventLoopClosed> {
         self.runner.send_event(Event::UserEvent(event));
         Ok(())
     }

src/platform_impl/web/event_loop/runner.rs

@@ -1,7 +1,8 @@
 use super::{backend, state::State};
-use crate::event::{Event, StartCause};
+use crate::event::{Event, StartCause, WindowEvent};
 use crate::event_loop as root;
 use crate::window::WindowId;
+use crate::platform_impl::platform::device::gamepad;
 
 use instant::{Duration, Instant};
 use std::{
@@ -24,6 +25,7 @@ pub struct Execution<T> {
     events: RefCell<VecDeque<Event<T>>>,
     id: RefCell<u32>,
     redraw_pending: RefCell<HashSet<WindowId>>,
+    gamepad_manager: RefCell<gamepad::Manager>,
 }
 
 struct Runner<T> {
@@ -49,9 +51,14 @@ impl<T: 'static> Shared<T> {
             events: RefCell::new(VecDeque::new()),
             id: RefCell::new(0),
             redraw_pending: RefCell::new(HashSet::new()),
+            gamepad_manager: RefCell::new(gamepad::Manager::new()),
         }))
     }
 
+    pub fn set_global_window(&self, global_window: super::global::Shared) {
+        self.0.gamepad_manager.borrow_mut().set_global_window(global_window);
+    }
+
     // Set the event callback to use for the event loop runner
     // This the event callback is a fairly thin layer over the user-provided callback that closes
     // over a RootEventLoopWindowTarget reference
@@ -127,15 +134,26 @@ impl<T: 'static> Shared<T> {
         if !event_is_start {
             self.handle_event(event, &mut control);
         }
-        self.handle_event(Event::MainEventsCleared, &mut control);
-
         // Collect all of the redraw events to avoid double-locking the RefCell
         let redraw_events: Vec<WindowId> = self.0.redraw_pending.borrow_mut().drain().collect();
         for window_id in redraw_events {
-            self.handle_event(Event::RedrawRequested(window_id), &mut control);
+            self.handle_event(
+                Event::WindowEvent {
+                    window_id,
+                    event: WindowEvent::RedrawRequested,
+                },
+                &mut control,
+            );
         }
-        self.handle_event(Event::RedrawEventsCleared, &mut control);
+        // Collect all global events
+        let mut gamepad_manager = self.0.gamepad_manager.borrow_mut();
+        let instance = self.clone();
+        gamepad_manager.collect_events(move |(handle, event)| {
+            instance.handle_event(Event::GamepadEvent(handle, event), &mut control);
+        });
 
+        // Every events are cleared
+        self.handle_event(Event::EventsCleared, &mut control);
         self.apply_control_flow(control);
         // If the event loop is closed, it has been closed this iteration and now the closing
         // event should be emitted

src/platform_impl/web/event_loop/window_target.rs

@@ -1,18 +1,20 @@
-use super::{backend, device, proxy::Proxy, runner, window};
+use super::{backend, proxy::Proxy, runner, window, global};
 use crate::dpi::LogicalSize;
-use crate::event::{DeviceId, ElementState, Event, KeyboardInput, TouchPhase, WindowEvent};
+use crate::event::{device, ElementState, Event, KeyboardInput, WindowEvent};
 use crate::event_loop::ControlFlow;
+use crate::platform_impl::platform::device::{KeyboardId, MouseId};
 use crate::window::WindowId;
-use std::clone::Clone;
 
 pub struct WindowTarget<T: 'static> {
     pub(crate) runner: runner::Shared<T>,
+    pub(crate) global_window: global::Shared,
 }
 
 impl<T> Clone for WindowTarget<T> {
     fn clone(&self) -> Self {
         WindowTarget {
             runner: self.runner.clone(),
+            global_window: self.global_window.clone(),
         }
     }
 }
@@ -21,6 +23,7 @@ impl<T> WindowTarget<T> {
     pub fn new() -> Self {
         WindowTarget {
             runner: runner::Shared::new(),
+            global_window: global::Shared::new(),
         }
     }
 
@@ -29,6 +32,7 @@ impl<T> WindowTarget<T> {
     }
 
     pub fn run(&self, event_handler: Box<dyn FnMut(Event<T>, &mut ControlFlow)>) {
+        self.runner.set_global_window(self.global_window.clone());
         self.runner.set_listener(event_handler);
     }
 
@@ -36,6 +40,14 @@ impl<T> WindowTarget<T> {
         window::Id(self.runner.generate_id())
     }
 
+    pub fn collect_gamepads(&self) -> Vec<crate::event::device::GamepadHandle> {
+        self.global_window.get_gamepad_handles()
+    }
+
+    pub fn register_global_events(&self) -> Result<(), crate::error::OsError> {
+        self.global_window.register_events()
+    }
+
     pub fn register(&self, canvas: &mut backend::Canvas, id: window::Id) {
         let runner = self.runner.clone();
         canvas.set_attribute("data-raw-handle", &id.0.to_string());
@@ -57,36 +69,28 @@ impl<T> WindowTarget<T> {
 
         let runner = self.runner.clone();
         canvas.on_keyboard_press(move |scancode, virtual_keycode, modifiers| {
-            runner.send_event(Event::WindowEvent {
-                window_id: WindowId(id),
-                event: WindowEvent::KeyboardInput {
-                    device_id: DeviceId(unsafe { device::Id::dummy() }),
-                    input: KeyboardInput {
-                        scancode,
-                        state: ElementState::Pressed,
-                        virtual_keycode,
-                        modifiers,
-                    },
-                    is_synthetic: false,
-                },
-            });
+            runner.send_event(Event::KeyboardEvent(
+                device::KeyboardId(unsafe { KeyboardId::dummy() }),
+                device::KeyboardEvent::Input(KeyboardInput {
+                    scancode,
+                    state: ElementState::Pressed,
+                    virtual_keycode,
+                    modifiers,
+                }),
+            ));
         });
 
         let runner = self.runner.clone();
         canvas.on_keyboard_release(move |scancode, virtual_keycode, modifiers| {
-            runner.send_event(Event::WindowEvent {
-                window_id: WindowId(id),
-                event: WindowEvent::KeyboardInput {
-                    device_id: DeviceId(unsafe { device::Id::dummy() }),
-                    input: KeyboardInput {
-                        scancode,
-                        state: ElementState::Released,
-                        virtual_keycode,
-                        modifiers,
-                    },
-                    is_synthetic: false,
-                },
-            });
+            runner.send_event(Event::KeyboardEvent(
+                device::KeyboardId(unsafe { KeyboardId::dummy() }),
+                device::KeyboardEvent::Input(KeyboardInput {
+                    scancode,
+                    state: ElementState::Released,
+                    virtual_keycode,
+                    modifiers,
+                }),
+            ));
         });
 
         let runner = self.runner.clone();
@@ -98,31 +102,26 @@ impl<T> WindowTarget<T> {
         });
 
         let runner = self.runner.clone();
-        canvas.on_cursor_leave(move |pointer_id| {
+        canvas.on_cursor_leave(move || {
             runner.send_event(Event::WindowEvent {
                 window_id: WindowId(id),
-                event: WindowEvent::CursorLeft {
-                    device_id: DeviceId(device::Id(pointer_id)),
-                },
+                event: WindowEvent::CursorLeft,
             });
         });
 
         let runner = self.runner.clone();
-        canvas.on_cursor_enter(move |pointer_id| {
+        canvas.on_cursor_enter(move || {
             runner.send_event(Event::WindowEvent {
                 window_id: WindowId(id),
-                event: WindowEvent::CursorEntered {
-                    device_id: DeviceId(device::Id(pointer_id)),
-                },
+                event: WindowEvent::CursorEntered,
             });
         });
 
         let runner = self.runner.clone();
-        canvas.on_cursor_move(move |pointer_id, position, modifiers| {
+        canvas.on_cursor_move(move |position, modifiers| {
             runner.send_event(Event::WindowEvent {
                 window_id: WindowId(id),
                 event: WindowEvent::CursorMoved {
-                    device_id: DeviceId(device::Id(pointer_id)),
                     position,
                     modifiers,
                 },
@@ -130,42 +129,33 @@ impl<T> WindowTarget<T> {
         });
 
         let runner = self.runner.clone();
-        canvas.on_mouse_press(move |pointer_id, button, modifiers| {
-            runner.send_event(Event::WindowEvent {
-                window_id: WindowId(id),
-                event: WindowEvent::MouseInput {
-                    device_id: DeviceId(device::Id(pointer_id)),
+        canvas.on_mouse_press(move |pointer_id, button| {
+            runner.send_event(Event::MouseEvent(
+                device::MouseId(MouseId(pointer_id)),
+                device::MouseEvent::Button {
                     state: ElementState::Pressed,
                     button,
-                    modifiers,
                 },
-            });
+            ));
         });
 
         let runner = self.runner.clone();
-        canvas.on_mouse_release(move |pointer_id, button, modifiers| {
-            runner.send_event(Event::WindowEvent {
-                window_id: WindowId(id),
-                event: WindowEvent::MouseInput {
-                    device_id: DeviceId(device::Id(pointer_id)),
+        canvas.on_mouse_release(move |pointer_id, button| {
+            runner.send_event(Event::MouseEvent(
+                device::MouseId(MouseId(pointer_id)),
+                device::MouseEvent::Button {
                     state: ElementState::Released,
                     button,
-                    modifiers,
                 },
-            });
+            ));
         });
 
         let runner = self.runner.clone();
-        canvas.on_mouse_wheel(move |pointer_id, delta, modifiers| {
-            runner.send_event(Event::WindowEvent {
-                window_id: WindowId(id),
-                event: WindowEvent::MouseWheel {
-                    device_id: DeviceId(device::Id(pointer_id)),
-                    delta,
-                    phase: TouchPhase::Moved,
-                    modifiers,
-                },
-            });
+        canvas.on_mouse_wheel(move |pointer_id, delta| {
+            runner.send_event(Event::MouseEvent(
+                device::MouseId(MouseId(pointer_id)),
+                device::MouseEvent::Wheel(delta.0, delta.1),
+            ));
         });
 
         let runner = self.runner.clone();

src/platform_impl/web/mod.rs

@@ -19,7 +19,6 @@ mod backend;
 #[cfg(not(any(feature = "web-sys", feature = "stdweb")))]
 compile_error!("Please select a feature to build for web: `web-sys`, `stdweb`");
 
-pub use self::device::Id as DeviceId;
 pub use self::error::OsError;
 pub use self::event_loop::{
     EventLoop, Proxy as EventLoopProxy, WindowTarget as EventLoopWindowTarget,
@@ -29,3 +28,5 @@ pub use self::window::{
     Id as WindowId, PlatformSpecificBuilderAttributes as PlatformSpecificWindowBuilderAttributes,
     Window,
 };
+
+pub(crate) use self::device::*;

src/platform_impl/web/stdweb/canvas.rs

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
-use super::event;
+use super::utils;
 use crate::dpi::{LogicalPosition, LogicalSize};
 use crate::error::OsError as RootOE;
-use crate::event::{ModifiersState, MouseButton, MouseScrollDelta, ScanCode, VirtualKeyCode};
+use crate::event::{ModifiersState, MouseButton, ScanCode, VirtualKeyCode};
 use crate::platform_impl::OsError;
 
 use std::cell::RefCell;
@@ -129,9 +129,9 @@ impl Canvas {
     {
         self.on_keyboard_release = Some(self.add_user_event(move |event: KeyUpEvent| {
             handler(
-                event::scan_code(&event),
-                event::virtual_key_code(&event),
-                event::keyboard_modifiers(&event),
+                utils::scan_code(&event),
+                utils::virtual_key_code(&event),
+                utils::keyboard_modifiers(&event),
             );
         }));
     }
@@ -142,9 +142,9 @@ impl Canvas {
     {
         self.on_keyboard_press = Some(self.add_user_event(move |event: KeyDownEvent| {
             handler(
-                event::scan_code(&event),
-                event::virtual_key_code(&event),
-                event::keyboard_modifiers(&event),
+                utils::scan_code(&event),
+                utils::virtual_key_code(&event),
+                utils::keyboard_modifiers(&event),
             );
         }));
     }
@@ -159,75 +159,65 @@ impl Canvas {
         // viable/compatible alternative as of now. `beforeinput` is still widely
         // unsupported.
         self.on_received_character = Some(self.add_user_event(move |event: KeyPressEvent| {
-            handler(event::codepoint(&event));
+            handler(utils::codepoint(&event));
         }));
     }
 
     pub fn on_cursor_leave<F>(&mut self, mut handler: F)
     where
-        F: 'static + FnMut(i32),
+        F: 'static + FnMut(),
     {
-        self.on_cursor_leave = Some(self.add_event(move |event: PointerOutEvent| {
-            handler(event.pointer_id());
+        self.on_cursor_leave = Some(self.add_event(move |_event: PointerOutEvent| {
+            handler();
         }));
     }
 
     pub fn on_cursor_enter<F>(&mut self, mut handler: F)
     where
-        F: 'static + FnMut(i32),
+        F: 'static + FnMut(),
     {
-        self.on_cursor_enter = Some(self.add_event(move |event: PointerOverEvent| {
-            handler(event.pointer_id());
+        self.on_cursor_enter = Some(self.add_event(move |_event: PointerOverEvent| {
+            handler();
         }));
     }
 
     pub fn on_mouse_release<F>(&mut self, mut handler: F)
     where
-        F: 'static + FnMut(i32, MouseButton, ModifiersState),
+        F: 'static + FnMut(i32, MouseButton),
     {
         self.on_mouse_release = Some(self.add_user_event(move |event: PointerUpEvent| {
-            handler(
-                event.pointer_id(),
-                event::mouse_button(&event),
-                event::mouse_modifiers(&event),
-            );
+            handler(event.pointer_id(), utils::mouse_button(&event));
         }));
     }
 
     pub fn on_mouse_press<F>(&mut self, mut handler: F)
     where
-        F: 'static + FnMut(i32, MouseButton, ModifiersState),
+        F: 'static + FnMut(i32, MouseButton),
     {
         self.on_mouse_press = Some(self.add_user_event(move |event: PointerDownEvent| {
-            handler(
-                event.pointer_id(),
-                event::mouse_button(&event),
-                event::mouse_modifiers(&event),
-            );
+            handler(event.pointer_id(), utils::mouse_button(&event));
         }));
     }
 
     pub fn on_cursor_move<F>(&mut self, mut handler: F)
     where
-        F: 'static + FnMut(i32, LogicalPosition, ModifiersState),
+        F: 'static + FnMut(LogicalPosition, ModifiersState),
     {
         self.on_cursor_move = Some(self.add_event(move |event: PointerMoveEvent| {
             handler(
-                event.pointer_id(),
-                event::mouse_position(&event),
-                event::mouse_modifiers(&event),
+                utils::mouse_position(&event),
+                utils::mouse_modifiers(&event),
             );
         }));
     }
 
     pub fn on_mouse_wheel<F>(&mut self, mut handler: F)
     where
-        F: 'static + FnMut(i32, MouseScrollDelta, ModifiersState),
+        F: 'static + FnMut(i32, (f64, f64)),
     {
         self.on_mouse_wheel = Some(self.add_event(move |event: MouseWheelEvent| {
-            if let Some(delta) = event::mouse_scroll_delta(&event) {
-                handler(0, delta, event::mouse_modifiers(&event));
-            }
+            let delta = utils::mouse_scroll_delta(&event);
+            handler(0, delta);
         }));
     }
 

src/platform_impl/web/stdweb/gamepad.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+use std::{cmp::PartialEq};
+use crate::platform_impl::platform::device;
+use super::utils;
+use stdweb::js;
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub struct Gamepad {
+    pub(crate) index: i32,
+    pub(crate) raw: stdweb::web::Gamepad,
+    pub(crate) mapping: device::gamepad::Mapping,
+}
+
+impl Gamepad {
+    pub fn new(raw: stdweb::web::Gamepad) -> Self {
+        let mapping = utils::create_mapping(&raw);
+
+        Self {
+            index: raw.index(),
+            raw,
+            mapping,
+        }
+    }
+
+    // An integer that is auto-incremented to be unique for each device
+    // currently connected to the system.
+    // https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Gamepad/index
+    pub fn index(&self) -> i32 {
+        self.raw.index()
+    }
+
+    // A string containing some information about the controller.
+    // https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Gamepad/id
+    pub fn id(&self) -> String {
+        self.raw.id()
+    }
+
+    // A boolean indicating whether the gamepad is still connected to the system.
+    // https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Gamepad/connected
+    pub fn connected(&self) -> bool {
+        self.raw.connected()
+    }
+
+    // EXPERIMENTAL
+    #[allow(dead_code)]
+    pub fn vibrate(&self, value: f64, duration: f64) {
+        let index = self.index;
+        js! {
+            const gamepads = navigator.getGamepads();
+            let gamepad = null;
+            for (let i = 0; i < gamepads.length; i++) {
+                if (gamepads[i] && gamepads[i].index == @{index}) {
+                    gamepad = gamepads[i];
+                    break
+                }
+            }
+            if (!gamepad || !gamepad.hapticActuators) return;
+            for (let i = 0; i < gamepad.hapticActuators.length; i++) {
+                const actuator = gamepad.hapticActuators[i];
+                if (actuator && actuator.type === "vibration") {
+                    actuator.pulse(@{value}, @{duration});
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl Clone for Gamepad {
+    fn clone(&self) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            index: self.index,
+            raw: self.raw.clone(),
+            mapping: self.mapping.clone(),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl PartialEq for Gamepad {
+    #[inline(always)]
+    fn eq(&self, othr: &Self) -> bool {
+        self.raw.index() == othr.raw.index()
+    }
+}

src/platform_impl/web/stdweb/mod.rs

@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 mod canvas;
-mod event;
+pub mod gamepad;
 mod timeout;
+mod utils;
+pub mod window;
 
 pub use self::canvas::Canvas;
 pub use self::timeout::Timeout;
@@ -50,3 +52,9 @@ pub fn is_fullscreen(canvas: &CanvasElement) -> bool {
         None => false,
     }
 }
+
+pub fn get_gamepads() -> impl Iterator<Item = gamepad::Gamepad> {
+    stdweb::web::Gamepad::get_all()
+    .into_iter()
+    .filter_map(|gamepad| gamepad.map(|gamepad| gamepad::Gamepad::new(gamepad)))
+}

src/platform_impl/web/stdweb/timeout.rs

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ use stdweb::web::{window, IWindowOrWorker, TimeoutHandle};
 
 #[derive(Debug)]
 pub struct Timeout {
-    handle: Option<TimeoutHandle>,
+    handle: TimeoutHandle,
 }
 
 impl Timeout {
@@ -12,14 +12,14 @@ impl Timeout {
         F: 'static + FnMut(),
     {
         Timeout {
-            handle: Some(window().set_clearable_timeout(f, duration.as_millis() as u32)),
+            handle: window().set_clearable_timeout(f, duration.as_millis() as u32),
         }
     }
 }
 
 impl Drop for Timeout {
     fn drop(&mut self) {
-        let handle = self.handle.take().unwrap();
+        let handle = std::mem::replace(&mut self.handle, unsafe { std::mem::uninitialized() });
         handle.clear();
     }
 }

src/platform_impl/web/stdweb/utils.rs

@@ -1,7 +1,11 @@
 use crate::dpi::LogicalPosition;
-use crate::event::{ModifiersState, MouseButton, MouseScrollDelta, ScanCode, VirtualKeyCode};
+use crate::event::{ModifiersState, MouseButton, ScanCode, VirtualKeyCode};
+use crate::platform_impl::platform::device::gamepad;
 
-use stdweb::web::event::{IKeyboardEvent, IMouseEvent, MouseWheelDeltaMode, MouseWheelEvent};
+use stdweb::web::{
+    event::{IKeyboardEvent, IMouseEvent, MouseWheelEvent},
+    Gamepad, GamepadMappingType,
+};
 use stdweb::{js, unstable::TryInto, JsSerialize};
 
 pub fn mouse_button(event: &impl IMouseEvent) -> MouseButton {
@@ -15,12 +19,12 @@ pub fn mouse_button(event: &impl IMouseEvent) -> MouseButton {
 }
 
 pub fn mouse_modifiers(event: &impl IMouseEvent) -> ModifiersState {
-    let mut m = ModifiersState::empty();
-    m.set(ModifiersState::SHIFT, event.shift_key());
-    m.set(ModifiersState::CTRL, event.ctrl_key());
-    m.set(ModifiersState::ALT, event.alt_key());
-    m.set(ModifiersState::LOGO, event.meta_key());
-    m
+    ModifiersState {
+        shift: event.shift_key(),
+        ctrl: event.ctrl_key(),
+        alt: event.alt_key(),
+        logo: event.meta_key(),
+    }
 }
 
 pub fn mouse_position(event: &impl IMouseEvent) -> LogicalPosition {
@@ -30,15 +34,10 @@ pub fn mouse_position(event: &impl IMouseEvent) -> LogicalPosition {
     }
 }
 
-pub fn mouse_scroll_delta(event: &MouseWheelEvent) -> Option<MouseScrollDelta> {
+pub fn mouse_scroll_delta(event: &MouseWheelEvent) -> (f64, f64) {
     let x = event.delta_x();
     let y = event.delta_y();
-
-    match event.delta_mode() {
-        MouseWheelDeltaMode::Line => Some(MouseScrollDelta::LineDelta(x as f32, y as f32)),
-        MouseWheelDeltaMode::Pixel => Some(MouseScrollDelta::PixelDelta(LogicalPosition { x, y })),
-        MouseWheelDeltaMode::Page => None,
-    }
+    (x, y)
 }
 
 pub fn scan_code<T: JsSerialize>(event: &T) -> ScanCode {
@@ -213,12 +212,12 @@ pub fn virtual_key_code(event: &impl IKeyboardEvent) -> Option<VirtualKeyCode> {
 }
 
 pub fn keyboard_modifiers(event: &impl IKeyboardEvent) -> ModifiersState {
-    let mut m = ModifiersState::empty();
-    m.set(ModifiersState::SHIFT, event.shift_key());
-    m.set(ModifiersState::CTRL, event.ctrl_key());
-    m.set(ModifiersState::ALT, event.alt_key());
-    m.set(ModifiersState::LOGO, event.meta_key());
-    m
+    ModifiersState {
+        shift: event.shift_key(),
+        ctrl: event.ctrl_key(),
+        alt: event.alt_key(),
+        logo: event.meta_key(),
+    }
 }
 
 pub fn codepoint(event: &impl IKeyboardEvent) -> char {
@@ -227,3 +226,36 @@ pub fn codepoint(event: &impl IKeyboardEvent) -> char {
     // https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/KeyboardEvent/key
     event.key().chars().next().unwrap()
 }
+
+pub fn create_mapping(raw: &Gamepad) -> gamepad::Mapping {
+    match raw.mapping() {
+        GamepadMappingType::Standard => {
+            let mut buttons = [false; 16];
+            let mut axes = [0.0; 6];
+
+            for (index, button) in raw
+                .buttons()
+                .into_iter()
+                .enumerate()
+                .take(buttons.len())
+            {
+                buttons[index] = button.pressed();
+            }
+
+            for (index, axis) in raw.axes().into_iter().enumerate().take(axes.len()) {
+                axes[index] = axis;
+            }
+
+            gamepad::Mapping::Standard { buttons, axes }
+        }
+        _ => {
+            let buttons = raw
+                .buttons()
+                .into_iter()
+                .map(|button| button.pressed())
+                .collect();
+            let axes = raw.axes();
+            gamepad::Mapping::NoMapping { buttons, axes }
+        }
+    }
+}

src/platform_impl/web/stdweb/window.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+use super::gamepad;
+use crate::error::OsError as RootOE;
+use std::{cell::RefCell, rc::Rc};
+use stdweb::web;
+use stdweb::web::{IEventTarget, event::IGamepadEvent};
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub struct Shared(pub Rc<RefCell<Window>>);
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub struct Window {
+    raw: web::Window,
+    on_gamepad_connected: Option<web::EventListenerHandle>,
+    on_gamepad_disconnected: Option<web::EventListenerHandle>,
+}
+
+impl Shared {
+    pub fn create() -> Result<Self, RootOE> {
+        let global = Window::create()?;
+        Ok(Shared(Rc::new(RefCell::new(global))))
+    }
+}
+
+impl Clone for Shared {
+    fn clone(&self) -> Self {
+        Shared(self.0.clone())
+    }
+}
+
+impl Window {
+    pub fn create() -> Result<Self, RootOE> {
+        let raw = stdweb::web::window();
+
+        Ok(Window {
+            raw,
+            on_gamepad_connected: None,
+            on_gamepad_disconnected: None,
+        })
+    }
+
+    pub fn on_gamepad_connected<F>(&mut self, mut handler: F)
+    where
+        F: 'static + FnMut(gamepad::Gamepad),
+    {
+        self.on_gamepad_connected = Some(self.add_event(
+            move |event: stdweb::web::event::GamepadConnectedEvent| {
+                let gamepad = event.gamepad();
+                handler(gamepad::Gamepad::new(gamepad));
+            },
+        ));
+    }
+
+    pub fn on_gamepad_disconnected<F>(&mut self, mut handler: F)
+    where
+        F: 'static + FnMut(gamepad::Gamepad),
+    {
+        self.on_gamepad_connected = Some(self.add_event(
+            move |event: stdweb::web::event::GamepadDisconnectedEvent| {
+                let gamepad = event.gamepad();
+                handler(gamepad::Gamepad::new(gamepad));
+            },
+        ));
+    }
+
+    fn add_event<E, F>(&self, mut handler: F) -> web::EventListenerHandle
+    where
+        E: web::event::ConcreteEvent,
+        F: 'static + FnMut(E),
+    {
+        self.raw.add_event_listener(move |event: E| {
+            event.stop_propagation();
+            event.cancel_bubble();
+
+            handler(event);
+        })
+    }
+}

src/platform_impl/web/web_sys/canvas.rs

@@ -1,14 +1,16 @@
-use super::event;
+use super::utils;
 use crate::dpi::{LogicalPosition, LogicalSize};
 use crate::error::OsError as RootOE;
-use crate::event::{ModifiersState, MouseButton, MouseScrollDelta, ScanCode, VirtualKeyCode};
+use crate::event::{ModifiersState, MouseButton, ScanCode, VirtualKeyCode};
 use crate::platform_impl::OsError;
 
 use std::cell::RefCell;
 use std::rc::Rc;
 
 use wasm_bindgen::{closure::Closure, JsCast};
-use web_sys::{Event, FocusEvent, HtmlCanvasElement, KeyboardEvent, PointerEvent, WheelEvent};
+use web_sys::{
+    Event, FocusEvent, HtmlCanvasElement, KeyboardEvent, PointerEvent, WheelEvent,
+};
 
 pub struct Canvas {
     raw: HtmlCanvasElement,
@@ -107,46 +109,56 @@ impl Canvas {
     where
         F: 'static + FnMut(),
     {
-        self.on_blur = Some(self.add_event("blur", move |_: FocusEvent| {
-            handler();
-        }));
+        self.on_blur = Some(self.add_event(
+            "blur",
+            move |_: FocusEvent| {
+                handler();
+            },
+        ));
     }
 
     pub fn on_focus<F>(&mut self, mut handler: F)
     where
         F: 'static + FnMut(),
     {
-        self.on_focus = Some(self.add_event("focus", move |_: FocusEvent| {
-            handler();
-        }));
+        self.on_focus = Some(self.add_event(
+            "focus",
+            move |_: FocusEvent| {
+                handler();
+            },
+        ));
     }
 
     pub fn on_keyboard_release<F>(&mut self, mut handler: F)
     where
         F: 'static + FnMut(ScanCode, Option<VirtualKeyCode>, ModifiersState),
     {
-        self.on_keyboard_release =
-            Some(self.add_user_event("keyup", move |event: KeyboardEvent| {
+        self.on_keyboard_release = Some(self.add_user_event(
+            "keyup",
+            move |event: KeyboardEvent| {
                 handler(
-                    event::scan_code(&event),
-                    event::virtual_key_code(&event),
-                    event::keyboard_modifiers(&event),
+                    utils::scan_code(&event),
+                    utils::virtual_key_code(&event),
+                    utils::keyboard_modifiers(&event),
                 );
-            }));
+            },
+        ));
     }
 
     pub fn on_keyboard_press<F>(&mut self, mut handler: F)
     where
         F: 'static + FnMut(ScanCode, Option<VirtualKeyCode>, ModifiersState),
     {
-        self.on_keyboard_press =
-            Some(self.add_user_event("keydown", move |event: KeyboardEvent| {
+        self.on_keyboard_press = Some(self.add_user_event(
+            "keydown",
+            move |event: KeyboardEvent| {
                 handler(
-                    event::scan_code(&event),
-                    event::virtual_key_code(&event),
-                    event::keyboard_modifiers(&event),
+                    utils::scan_code(&event),
+                    utils::virtual_key_code(&event),
+                    utils::keyboard_modifiers(&event),
                 );
-            }));
+            },
+        ));
     }
 
     pub fn on_received_character<F>(&mut self, mut handler: F)
@@ -161,83 +173,85 @@ impl Canvas {
         self.on_received_character = Some(self.add_user_event(
             "keypress",
             move |event: KeyboardEvent| {
-                handler(event::codepoint(&event));
+                handler(utils::codepoint(&event));
             },
         ));
     }
 
-    pub fn on_cursor_leave<F>(&mut self, mut handler: F)
-    where
-        F: 'static + FnMut(i32),
-    {
-        self.on_cursor_leave = Some(self.add_event("pointerout", move |event: PointerEvent| {
-            handler(event.pointer_id());
-        }));
-    }
-
-    pub fn on_cursor_enter<F>(&mut self, mut handler: F)
-    where
-        F: 'static + FnMut(i32),
-    {
-        self.on_cursor_enter = Some(self.add_event("pointerover", move |event: PointerEvent| {
-            handler(event.pointer_id());
-        }));
-    }
-
     pub fn on_mouse_release<F>(&mut self, mut handler: F)
     where
-        F: 'static + FnMut(i32, MouseButton, ModifiersState),
+        F: 'static + FnMut(i32, MouseButton),
     {
-        self.on_mouse_release = Some(self.add_user_event(
+        self.on_mouse_release = Some(self.add_event(
             "pointerup",
             move |event: PointerEvent| {
-                handler(
-                    event.pointer_id(),
-                    event::mouse_button(&event),
-                    event::mouse_modifiers(&event),
-                );
+                handler(event.pointer_id(), utils::mouse_button(&event));
             },
         ));
     }
 
     pub fn on_mouse_press<F>(&mut self, mut handler: F)
     where
-        F: 'static + FnMut(i32, MouseButton, ModifiersState),
+        F: 'static + FnMut(i32, MouseButton),
     {
-        self.on_mouse_press = Some(self.add_user_event(
+        self.on_mouse_press = Some(self.add_event(
             "pointerdown",
             move |event: PointerEvent| {
-                handler(
-                    event.pointer_id(),
-                    event::mouse_button(&event),
-                    event::mouse_modifiers(&event),
-                );
+                handler(event.pointer_id(), utils::mouse_button(&event));
+            },
+        ));
+    }
+
+    pub fn on_mouse_wheel<F>(&mut self, mut handler: F)
+    where
+        F: 'static + FnMut(i32, (f64, f64)),
+    {
+        self.on_mouse_wheel = Some(self.add_event(
+            "wheel",
+            move |event: WheelEvent| {
+                let delta = utils::mouse_scroll_delta(&event);
+                handler(0, delta);
+            },
+        ));
+    }
+
+    pub fn on_cursor_leave<F>(&mut self, mut handler: F)
+    where
+        F: 'static + FnMut(),
+    {
+        self.on_cursor_leave = Some(self.add_event(
+            "pointerout",
+            move |_event: PointerEvent| {
+                handler();
+            },
+        ));
+    }
+
+    pub fn on_cursor_enter<F>(&mut self, mut handler: F)
+    where
+        F: 'static + FnMut(),
+    {
+        self.on_cursor_enter = Some(self.add_event(
+            "pointerover",
+            move |_event: PointerEvent| {
+                handler();
             },
         ));
     }
 
     pub fn on_cursor_move<F>(&mut self, mut handler: F)
     where
-        F: 'static + FnMut(i32, LogicalPosition, ModifiersState),
+        F: 'static + FnMut(LogicalPosition, ModifiersState),
     {
-        self.on_cursor_move = Some(self.add_event("pointermove", move |event: PointerEvent| {
-            handler(
-                event.pointer_id(),
-                event::mouse_position(&event),
-                event::mouse_modifiers(&event),
-            );
-        }));
-    }
-
-    pub fn on_mouse_wheel<F>(&mut self, mut handler: F)
-    where
-        F: 'static + FnMut(i32, MouseScrollDelta, ModifiersState),
-    {
-        self.on_mouse_wheel = Some(self.add_event("wheel", move |event: WheelEvent| {
-            if let Some(delta) = event::mouse_scroll_delta(&event) {
-                handler(0, delta, event::mouse_modifiers(&event));
-            }
-        }));
+        self.on_cursor_move = Some(self.add_event(
+            "pointermove",
+            move |event: PointerEvent| {
+                handler(
+                    utils::mouse_position(&event),
+                    utils::mouse_modifiers(&event),
+                );
+            },
+        ));
     }
 
     pub fn on_fullscreen_change<F>(&mut self, mut handler: F)
@@ -248,7 +262,11 @@ impl Canvas {
             Some(self.add_event("fullscreenchange", move |_: Event| handler()));
     }
 
-    fn add_event<E, F>(&self, event_name: &str, mut handler: F) -> Closure<dyn FnMut(E)>
+    fn add_event<E, F>(
+        &self,
+        event_name: &str,
+        mut handler: F,
+    ) -> Closure<dyn FnMut(E)>
     where
         E: 'static + AsRef<web_sys::Event> + wasm_bindgen::convert::FromWasmAbi,
         F: 'static + FnMut(E),
@@ -273,7 +291,11 @@ impl Canvas {
     // The difference between add_event and add_user_event is that the latter has a special meaning
     // for browser security. A user event is a deliberate action by the user (like a mouse or key
     // press) and is the only time things like a fullscreen request may be successfully completed.)
-    fn add_user_event<E, F>(&self, event_name: &str, mut handler: F) -> Closure<dyn FnMut(E)>
+    fn add_user_event<E, F>(
+        &self,
+        event_name: &str,
+        mut handler: F,
+    ) -> Closure<dyn FnMut(E)>
     where
         E: 'static + AsRef<web_sys::Event> + wasm_bindgen::convert::FromWasmAbi,
         F: 'static + FnMut(E),
@@ -281,16 +303,19 @@ impl Canvas {
         let wants_fullscreen = self.wants_fullscreen.clone();
         let canvas = self.raw.clone();
 
-        self.add_event(event_name, move |event: E| {
-            handler(event);
+        self.add_event(
+            event_name,
+            move |event: E| {
+                handler(event);
 
-            if *wants_fullscreen.borrow() {
-                canvas
-                    .request_fullscreen()
-                    .expect("Failed to enter fullscreen");
-                *wants_fullscreen.borrow_mut() = false;
-            }
-        })
+                if *wants_fullscreen.borrow() {
+                    canvas
+                        .request_fullscreen()
+                        .expect("Failed to enter fullscreen");
+                    *wants_fullscreen.borrow_mut() = false;
+                }
+            },
+        )
     }
 
     pub fn request_fullscreen(&self) {

src/platform_impl/web/web_sys/gamepad.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+use super::utils;
+use crate::platform_impl::platform::device;
+use std::cmp::PartialEq;
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub struct Gamepad {
+    pub(crate) index: i32,
+    pub(crate) raw: web_sys::Gamepad,
+    pub(crate) mapping: device::gamepad::Mapping,
+}
+
+impl Gamepad {
+    pub fn new(raw: web_sys::Gamepad) -> Self {
+        let mapping = utils::create_mapping(&raw);
+
+        Self {
+            index: raw.index() as i32,
+            raw,
+            mapping,
+        }
+    }
+
+    // An integer that is auto-incremented to be unique for each device
+    // currently connected to the system.
+    // https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Gamepad/index
+    pub fn index(&self) -> i32 {
+        self.raw.index() as i32
+    }
+
+    // A string containing some information about the controller.
+    // https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Gamepad/id
+    pub fn id(&self) -> String {
+        self.raw.id()
+    }
+
+    // A boolean indicating whether the gamepad is still connected to the system.
+    // https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Gamepad/connected
+    pub fn connected(&self) -> bool {
+        self.raw.connected()
+    }
+
+    // An array containing GamepadHapticActuator objects,
+    // each of which represents haptic feedback hardware available on the controller.
+    // https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Gamepad/hapticActuators
+    pub fn vibrate(&self, value: f64, duration: f64) {
+        for actuator in self.raw.haptic_actuators().values() {
+            actuator.ok().and_then(|a| {
+                let actuator: web_sys::GamepadHapticActuator = a.into();
+                match actuator.type_() {
+                    web_sys::GamepadHapticActuatorType::Vibration => {
+                        actuator.pulse(value, duration).ok()
+                    }
+                    _ => None,
+                }
+            });
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl Clone for Gamepad {
+    fn clone(&self) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            index: self.index,
+            raw: self.raw.clone(),
+            mapping: self.mapping.clone(),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl PartialEq for Gamepad {
+    #[inline(always)]
+    fn eq(&self, othr: &Self) -> bool {
+        self.raw.index() == othr.raw.index()
+    }
+}

src/platform_impl/web/web_sys/mod.rs

@@ -1,9 +1,11 @@
 mod canvas;
-mod event;
+pub mod gamepad;
 mod timeout;
+mod utils;
+pub mod window;
 
-pub use self::canvas::Canvas;
-pub use self::timeout::Timeout;
+pub use canvas::Canvas;
+pub use timeout::Timeout;
 
 use crate::dpi::LogicalSize;
 use crate::platform::web::WindowExtWebSys;
@@ -68,3 +70,16 @@ pub fn is_fullscreen(canvas: &HtmlCanvasElement) -> bool {
         None => false,
     }
 }
+
+pub fn get_gamepads() -> impl Iterator<Item = gamepad::Gamepad> {
+    let mut gamepads: Vec<gamepad::Gamepad> = Vec::new();
+    let web_gamepads = web_sys::window().unwrap().navigator().get_gamepads().ok().unwrap();
+    for index in 0..web_gamepads.length() {
+        let jsvalue = web_gamepads.get(index);
+        if !jsvalue.is_null() {
+            let gamepad: web_sys::Gamepad = jsvalue.into();
+            gamepads.push(gamepad::Gamepad::new(gamepad));
+        }
+    }
+    gamepads.into_iter()
+}

src/platform_impl/web/web_sys/utils.rs

@@ -1,8 +1,9 @@
 use crate::dpi::LogicalPosition;
-use crate::event::{ModifiersState, MouseButton, MouseScrollDelta, ScanCode, VirtualKeyCode};
+use crate::event::{ModifiersState, MouseButton, ScanCode, VirtualKeyCode};
+use crate::platform_impl::platform;
 
 use std::convert::TryInto;
-use web_sys::{KeyboardEvent, MouseEvent, WheelEvent};
+use web_sys::{Gamepad, GamepadButton, GamepadMappingType, KeyboardEvent, MouseEvent, WheelEvent};
 
 pub fn mouse_button(event: &MouseEvent) -> MouseButton {
     match event.button() {
@@ -14,12 +15,12 @@ pub fn mouse_button(event: &MouseEvent) -> MouseButton {
 }
 
 pub fn mouse_modifiers(event: &MouseEvent) -> ModifiersState {
-    let mut m = ModifiersState::empty();
-    m.set(ModifiersState::SHIFT, event.shift_key());
-    m.set(ModifiersState::CTRL, event.ctrl_key());
-    m.set(ModifiersState::ALT, event.alt_key());
-    m.set(ModifiersState::LOGO, event.meta_key());
-    m
+    ModifiersState {
+        shift: event.shift_key(),
+        ctrl: event.ctrl_key(),
+        alt: event.alt_key(),
+        logo: event.meta_key(),
+    }
 }
 
 pub fn mouse_position(event: &MouseEvent) -> LogicalPosition {
@@ -29,15 +30,10 @@ pub fn mouse_position(event: &MouseEvent) -> LogicalPosition {
     }
 }
 
-pub fn mouse_scroll_delta(event: &WheelEvent) -> Option<MouseScrollDelta> {
+pub fn mouse_scroll_delta(event: &WheelEvent) -> (f64, f64) {
     let x = event.delta_x();
     let y = event.delta_y();
-
-    match event.delta_mode() {
-        WheelEvent::DOM_DELTA_LINE => Some(MouseScrollDelta::LineDelta(x as f32, y as f32)),
-        WheelEvent::DOM_DELTA_PIXEL => Some(MouseScrollDelta::PixelDelta(LogicalPosition { x, y })),
-        _ => None,
-    }
+    (x, y)
 }
 
 pub fn scan_code(event: &KeyboardEvent) -> ScanCode {
@@ -211,12 +207,12 @@ pub fn virtual_key_code(event: &KeyboardEvent) -> Option<VirtualKeyCode> {
 }
 
 pub fn keyboard_modifiers(event: &KeyboardEvent) -> ModifiersState {
-    let mut m = ModifiersState::empty();
-    m.set(ModifiersState::SHIFT, event.shift_key());
-    m.set(ModifiersState::CTRL, event.ctrl_key());
-    m.set(ModifiersState::ALT, event.alt_key());
-    m.set(ModifiersState::LOGO, event.meta_key());
-    m
+    ModifiersState {
+        shift: event.shift_key(),
+        ctrl: event.ctrl_key(),
+        alt: event.alt_key(),
+        logo: event.meta_key(),
+    }
 }
 
 pub fn codepoint(event: &KeyboardEvent) -> char {
@@ -225,3 +221,44 @@ pub fn codepoint(event: &KeyboardEvent) -> char {
     // https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/KeyboardEvent/key
     event.key().chars().next().unwrap()
 }
+
+pub fn create_mapping(raw: &Gamepad) -> platform::device::gamepad::Mapping {
+    match raw.mapping() {
+        GamepadMappingType::Standard => {
+            let mut buttons = [false; 16];
+            let mut axes = [0.0; 6];
+
+            let gbuttons = raw.buttons();
+            for index in 0..buttons.len() {
+                let button: GamepadButton = gbuttons.get(index as u32).into();
+                buttons[index] = button.pressed();
+            }
+
+            let gaxes = raw.axes();
+            for index in 0..axes.len() {
+                let axe: f64 = gaxes.get(index as u32).as_f64().unwrap_or(0.0);
+                axes[index] = axe;
+            }
+
+            platform::device::gamepad::Mapping::Standard { buttons, axes }
+        }
+        _ => {
+            let mut buttons: Vec<bool> = Vec::new();
+            let mut axes: Vec<f64> = Vec::new();
+
+            let gbuttons = raw.buttons();
+            for index in 0..gbuttons.length() {
+                let button: GamepadButton = gbuttons.get(index as u32).into();
+                buttons.push(button.pressed());
+            }
+
+            let gaxes = raw.axes();
+            for index in 0..gaxes.length() {
+                let axe: f64 = gaxes.get(index as u32).as_f64().unwrap_or(0.0);
+                axes.push(axe);
+            }
+
+            platform::device::gamepad::Mapping::NoMapping { buttons, axes }
+        }
+    }
+}

src/platform_impl/web/web_sys/window.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+use super::gamepad;
+use crate::error::OsError as RootOE;
+use crate::platform_impl::OsError;
+use std::{cell::RefCell, rc::Rc};
+use wasm_bindgen::{closure::Closure, JsCast};
+use web_sys::GamepadEvent;
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub struct Shared(pub Rc<RefCell<Window>>);
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub struct Window {
+    raw: web_sys::Window,
+    on_gamepad_connected: Option<Closure<dyn FnMut(GamepadEvent)>>,
+    on_gamepad_disconnected: Option<Closure<dyn FnMut(GamepadEvent)>>,
+}
+
+impl Shared {
+    pub fn create() -> Result<Self, RootOE> {
+        let global = Window::create()?;
+        Ok(Shared(Rc::new(RefCell::new(global))))
+    }
+}
+
+impl Clone for Shared {
+    fn clone(&self) -> Self {
+        Shared(self.0.clone())
+    }
+}
+
+impl Window {
+    pub fn create() -> Result<Self, RootOE> {
+        let raw =
+            web_sys::window().ok_or(os_error!(OsError("Failed to obtain window".to_owned())))?;
+
+        Ok(Window {
+            raw,
+            on_gamepad_connected: None,
+            on_gamepad_disconnected: None,
+        })
+    }
+
+    pub fn on_gamepad_connected<F>(&mut self, mut handler: F)
+    where
+        F: 'static + FnMut(gamepad::Gamepad),
+    {
+        self.on_gamepad_connected = Some(self.add_event(
+            "gamepadconnected",
+            move |event: GamepadEvent| {
+                let gamepad = event
+                    .gamepad()
+                    .expect("[gamepadconnected] expected gamepad");
+                handler(gamepad::Gamepad::new(gamepad));
+            },
+        ))
+    }
+
+    pub fn on_gamepad_disconnected<F>(&mut self, mut handler: F)
+    where
+        F: 'static + FnMut(gamepad::Gamepad),
+    {
+        self.on_gamepad_disconnected = Some(self.add_event(
+            "gamepaddisconnected",
+            move |event: GamepadEvent| {
+                let gamepad = event
+                    .gamepad()
+                    .expect("[gamepaddisconnected] expected gamepad");
+                handler(gamepad::Gamepad::new(gamepad));
+            },
+        ))
+    }
+
+    fn add_event<E, F>(&self, event_name: &str, mut handler: F) -> Closure<dyn FnMut(E)>
+    where
+        E: 'static + AsRef<web_sys::Event> + wasm_bindgen::convert::FromWasmAbi,
+        F: 'static + FnMut(E),
+    {
+        let closure = Closure::wrap(Box::new(move |event: E| {
+            handler(event);
+        }) as Box<dyn FnMut(E)>);
+
+        self.raw
+            .add_event_listener_with_callback(event_name, &closure.as_ref().unchecked_ref())
+            .expect("Failed to add event listener with callback");
+
+        closure
+    }
+}

src/platform_impl/web/window.rs

@@ -34,6 +34,7 @@ impl Window {
 
         let register_redraw_request = Box::new(move || runner.request_redraw(RootWI(id)));
 
+        target.register_global_events()?;
         target.register(&mut canvas, id);
 
         let window = Window {
@@ -199,11 +200,6 @@ impl Window {
         }
     }
 
-    #[inline]
-    pub fn set_minimized(&self, _minimized: bool) {
-        // Intentionally a no-op, as canvases cannot be 'minimized'
-    }
-
     #[inline]
     pub fn set_maximized(&self, _maximized: bool) {
         // Intentionally a no-op, as canvases cannot be 'maximized'

src/platform_impl/windows/dark_mode.rs

@@ -1,216 +0,0 @@
-/// This is a simple implementation of support for Windows Dark Mode,
-/// which is inspired by the solution in https://github.com/ysc3839/win32-darkmode
-use std::ffi::OsStr;
-use std::os::windows::ffi::OsStrExt;
-
-use winapi::{
-    shared::{
-        basetsd::SIZE_T,
-        minwindef::{BOOL, DWORD, UINT, ULONG, WORD},
-        ntdef::{LPSTR, NTSTATUS, NT_SUCCESS, PVOID, WCHAR},
-        windef::HWND,
-    },
-    um::{libloaderapi, uxtheme, winuser},
-};
-
-lazy_static! {
-    static ref WIN10_BUILD_VERSION: Option<DWORD> = {
-        // FIXME: RtlGetVersion is a documented windows API,
-        // should be part of winapi!
-
-        #[allow(non_snake_case)]
-        #[repr(C)]
-        struct OSVERSIONINFOW {
-            dwOSVersionInfoSize: ULONG,
-            dwMajorVersion: ULONG,
-            dwMinorVersion: ULONG,
-            dwBuildNumber: ULONG,
-            dwPlatformId: ULONG,
-            szCSDVersion: [WCHAR; 128],
-        }
-
-        type RtlGetVersion = unsafe extern "system" fn (*mut OSVERSIONINFOW) -> NTSTATUS;
-        let handle = get_function!("ntdll.dll", RtlGetVersion);
-
-        if let Some(rtl_get_version) = handle {
-            unsafe {
-                let mut vi = OSVERSIONINFOW {
-                    dwOSVersionInfoSize: 0,
-                    dwMajorVersion: 0,
-                    dwMinorVersion: 0,
-                    dwBuildNumber: 0,
-                    dwPlatformId: 0,
-                    szCSDVersion: [0; 128],
-                };
-
-                let status = (rtl_get_version)(&mut vi as _);
-                assert!(NT_SUCCESS(status));
-
-                if vi.dwMajorVersion == 10 && vi.dwMinorVersion == 0 {
-                    Some(vi.dwBuildNumber)
-                } else {
-                    None
-                }
-            }
-        } else {
-            None
-        }
-    };
-
-    static ref DARK_MODE_SUPPORTED: bool = {
-        // We won't try to do anything for windows versions < 17763
-        // (Windows 10 October 2018 update)
-        match *WIN10_BUILD_VERSION {
-            Some(v) => v >= 17763,
-            None => false
-        }
-    };
-
-    static ref DARK_THEME_NAME: Vec<u16> = widestring("DarkMode_Explorer");
-    static ref LIGHT_THEME_NAME: Vec<u16> = widestring("");
-}
-
-/// Attempt to set dark mode on a window, if necessary.
-/// Returns true if dark mode was set, false if not.
-pub fn try_dark_mode(hwnd: HWND) -> bool {
-    if *DARK_MODE_SUPPORTED {
-        let is_dark_mode = should_use_dark_mode();
-
-        let theme_name = if is_dark_mode {
-            DARK_THEME_NAME.as_ptr()
-        } else {
-            LIGHT_THEME_NAME.as_ptr()
-        };
-
-        unsafe {
-            assert_eq!(
-                0,
-                uxtheme::SetWindowTheme(hwnd, theme_name as _, std::ptr::null())
-            );
-
-            set_dark_mode_for_window(hwnd, is_dark_mode)
-        }
-
-        is_dark_mode
-    } else {
-        false
-    }
-}
-
-fn set_dark_mode_for_window(hwnd: HWND, is_dark_mode: bool) {
-    // Uses Windows undocumented API SetWindowCompositionAttribute,
-    // as seen in win32-darkmode example linked at top of file.
-
-    type SetWindowCompositionAttribute =
-        unsafe extern "system" fn(HWND, *mut WINDOWCOMPOSITIONATTRIBDATA) -> BOOL;
-
-    #[allow(non_snake_case)]
-    type WINDOWCOMPOSITIONATTRIB = u32;
-    const WCA_USEDARKMODECOLORS: WINDOWCOMPOSITIONATTRIB = 26;
-
-    #[allow(non_snake_case)]
-    #[repr(C)]
-    struct WINDOWCOMPOSITIONATTRIBDATA {
-        Attrib: WINDOWCOMPOSITIONATTRIB,
-        pvData: PVOID,
-        cbData: SIZE_T,
-    }
-
-    lazy_static! {
-        static ref SET_WINDOW_COMPOSITION_ATTRIBUTE: Option<SetWindowCompositionAttribute> =
-            get_function!("user32.dll", SetWindowCompositionAttribute);
-    }
-
-    if let Some(set_window_composition_attribute) = *SET_WINDOW_COMPOSITION_ATTRIBUTE {
-        unsafe {
-            // SetWindowCompositionAttribute needs a bigbool (i32), not bool.
-            let mut is_dark_mode_bigbool = is_dark_mode as BOOL;
-
-            let mut data = WINDOWCOMPOSITIONATTRIBDATA {
-                Attrib: WCA_USEDARKMODECOLORS,
-                pvData: &mut is_dark_mode_bigbool as *mut _ as _,
-                cbData: std::mem::size_of_val(&is_dark_mode_bigbool) as _,
-            };
-
-            assert_eq!(
-                1,
-                set_window_composition_attribute(hwnd, &mut data as *mut _)
-            );
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-fn should_use_dark_mode() -> bool {
-    should_apps_use_dark_mode() && !is_high_contrast()
-}
-
-fn should_apps_use_dark_mode() -> bool {
-    type ShouldAppsUseDarkMode = unsafe extern "system" fn() -> bool;
-    lazy_static! {
-        static ref SHOULD_APPS_USE_DARK_MODE: Option<ShouldAppsUseDarkMode> = {
-            unsafe {
-                const UXTHEME_SHOULDAPPSUSEDARKMODE_ORDINAL: WORD = 132;
-
-                let module = libloaderapi::LoadLibraryA("uxtheme.dll\0".as_ptr() as _);
-
-                if module.is_null() {
-                    return None;
-                }
-
-                let handle = libloaderapi::GetProcAddress(
-                    module,
-                    winuser::MAKEINTRESOURCEA(UXTHEME_SHOULDAPPSUSEDARKMODE_ORDINAL),
-                );
-
-                if handle.is_null() {
-                    None
-                } else {
-                    Some(std::mem::transmute(handle))
-                }
-            }
-        };
-    }
-
-    SHOULD_APPS_USE_DARK_MODE
-        .map(|should_apps_use_dark_mode| unsafe { (should_apps_use_dark_mode)() })
-        .unwrap_or(false)
-}
-
-// FIXME: This definition was missing from winapi. Can remove from
-// here and use winapi once the following PR is released:
-// https://github.com/retep998/winapi-rs/pull/815
-#[repr(C)]
-#[allow(non_snake_case)]
-struct HIGHCONTRASTA {
-    cbSize: UINT,
-    dwFlags: DWORD,
-    lpszDefaultScheme: LPSTR,
-}
-
-const HCF_HIGHCONTRASTON: DWORD = 1;
-
-fn is_high_contrast() -> bool {
-    let mut hc = HIGHCONTRASTA {
-        cbSize: 0,
-        dwFlags: 0,
-        lpszDefaultScheme: std::ptr::null_mut(),
-    };
-
-    let ok = unsafe {
-        winuser::SystemParametersInfoA(
-            winuser::SPI_GETHIGHCONTRAST,
-            std::mem::size_of_val(&hc) as _,
-            &mut hc as *mut _ as _,
-            0,
-        )
-    };
-
-    (ok > 0) && ((HCF_HIGHCONTRASTON & hc.dwFlags) == 1)
-}
-
-fn widestring(src: &'static str) -> Vec<u16> {
-    OsStr::new(src)
-        .encode_wide()
-        .chain(Some(0).into_iter())
-        .collect()
-}

src/platform_impl/windows/event.rs

@@ -17,84 +17,16 @@ fn key_pressed(vkey: c_int) -> bool {
 }
 
 pub fn get_key_mods() -> ModifiersState {
+    let mut mods = ModifiersState::default();
     let filter_out_altgr = layout_uses_altgr() && key_pressed(winuser::VK_RMENU);
 
-    let mut mods = ModifiersState::empty();
-    mods.set(ModifiersState::SHIFT, key_pressed(winuser::VK_SHIFT));
-    mods.set(
-        ModifiersState::CTRL,
-        key_pressed(winuser::VK_CONTROL) && !filter_out_altgr,
-    );
-    mods.set(
-        ModifiersState::ALT,
-        key_pressed(winuser::VK_MENU) && !filter_out_altgr,
-    );
-    mods.set(
-        ModifiersState::LOGO,
-        key_pressed(winuser::VK_LWIN) || key_pressed(winuser::VK_RWIN),
-    );
+    mods.shift = key_pressed(winuser::VK_SHIFT);
+    mods.ctrl = key_pressed(winuser::VK_CONTROL) && !filter_out_altgr;
+    mods.alt = key_pressed(winuser::VK_MENU) && !filter_out_altgr;
+    mods.logo = key_pressed(winuser::VK_LWIN) || key_pressed(winuser::VK_RWIN);
     mods
 }
 
-bitflags! {
-    #[derive(Default)]
-    pub struct ModifiersStateSide: u32 {
-        const LSHIFT = 0b010 << 0;
-        const RSHIFT = 0b001 << 0;
-
-        const LCTRL = 0b010 << 3;
-        const RCTRL = 0b001 << 3;
-
-        const LALT = 0b010 << 6;
-        const RALT = 0b001 << 6;
-
-        const LLOGO = 0b010 << 9;
-        const RLOGO = 0b001 << 9;
-    }
-}
-
-impl ModifiersStateSide {
-    pub fn filter_out_altgr(&self) -> ModifiersStateSide {
-        match layout_uses_altgr() && self.contains(Self::RALT) {
-            false => *self,
-            true => *self & !(Self::LCTRL | Self::RCTRL | Self::LALT | Self::RALT),
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-impl From<ModifiersStateSide> for ModifiersState {
-    fn from(side: ModifiersStateSide) -> Self {
-        let mut state = ModifiersState::default();
-        state.set(
-            Self::SHIFT,
-            side.intersects(ModifiersStateSide::LSHIFT | ModifiersStateSide::RSHIFT),
-        );
-        state.set(
-            Self::CTRL,
-            side.intersects(ModifiersStateSide::LCTRL | ModifiersStateSide::RCTRL),
-        );
-        state.set(
-            Self::ALT,
-            side.intersects(ModifiersStateSide::LALT | ModifiersStateSide::RALT),
-        );
-        state.set(
-            Self::LOGO,
-            side.intersects(ModifiersStateSide::LLOGO | ModifiersStateSide::RLOGO),
-        );
-        state
-    }
-}
-
-pub fn get_pressed_keys() -> impl Iterator<Item = c_int> {
-    let mut keyboard_state = vec![0u8; 256];
-    unsafe { winuser::GetKeyboardState(keyboard_state.as_mut_ptr()) };
-    keyboard_state
-        .into_iter()
-        .enumerate()
-        .filter(|(_, p)| (*p & (1 << 7)) != 0) // whether or not a key is pressed is communicated via the high-order bit
-        .map(|(i, _)| i as c_int)
-}
-
 unsafe fn get_char(keyboard_state: &[u8; 256], v_key: u32, hkl: HKL) -> Option<char> {
     let mut unicode_bytes = [0u16; 5];
     let len = winuser::ToUnicodeEx(
@@ -107,7 +39,7 @@ unsafe fn get_char(keyboard_state: &[u8; 256], v_key: u32, hkl: HKL) -> Option<c
         hkl,
     );
     if len >= 1 {
-        char::decode_utf16(unicode_bytes.iter().cloned())
+        char::decode_utf16(unicode_bytes.into_iter().cloned())
             .next()
             .and_then(|c| c.ok())
     } else {
@@ -245,8 +177,8 @@ pub fn vkey_to_winit_vkey(vkey: c_int) -> Option<VirtualKeyCode> {
         0x58 => Some(VirtualKeyCode::X),
         0x59 => Some(VirtualKeyCode::Y),
         0x5A => Some(VirtualKeyCode::Z),
-        winuser::VK_LWIN => Some(VirtualKeyCode::LWin),
-        winuser::VK_RWIN => Some(VirtualKeyCode::RWin),
+        //winuser::VK_LWIN => Some(VirtualKeyCode::Lwin),
+        //winuser::VK_RWIN => Some(VirtualKeyCode::Rwin),
         winuser::VK_APPS => Some(VirtualKeyCode::Apps),
         winuser::VK_SLEEP => Some(VirtualKeyCode::Sleep),
         winuser::VK_NUMPAD0 => Some(VirtualKeyCode::Numpad0),

src/platform_impl/windows/event_loop/runner.rs

@@ -1,411 +0,0 @@
-use std::{any::Any, cell::RefCell, collections::VecDeque, mem, panic, ptr, rc::Rc, time::Instant};
-
-use winapi::{shared::windef::HWND, um::winuser};
-
-use crate::{
-    event::{Event, StartCause},
-    event_loop::ControlFlow,
-    platform_impl::platform::event_loop::EventLoop,
-    window::WindowId,
-};
-
-pub(crate) type EventLoopRunnerShared<T> = Rc<ELRShared<T>>;
-pub(crate) struct ELRShared<T> {
-    runner: RefCell<Option<EventLoopRunner<T>>>,
-    buffer: RefCell<VecDeque<Event<T>>>,
-    redraw_buffer: Rc<RefCell<VecDeque<WindowId>>>,
-}
-struct EventLoopRunner<T> {
-    control_flow: ControlFlow,
-    runner_state: RunnerState,
-    modal_redraw_window: HWND,
-    in_modal_loop: bool,
-    event_handler: Box<dyn FnMut(Event<T>, &mut ControlFlow)>,
-    panic_error: Option<PanicError>,
-    redraw_buffer: Rc<RefCell<VecDeque<WindowId>>>,
-}
-pub type PanicError = Box<dyn Any + Send + 'static>;
-
-impl<T> ELRShared<T> {
-    pub(crate) fn new() -> ELRShared<T> {
-        ELRShared {
-            runner: RefCell::new(None),
-            buffer: RefCell::new(VecDeque::new()),
-            redraw_buffer: Default::default(),
-        }
-    }
-
-    pub(crate) unsafe fn set_runner<F>(&self, event_loop: &EventLoop<T>, f: F)
-    where
-        F: FnMut(Event<T>, &mut ControlFlow),
-    {
-        let mut runner = EventLoopRunner::new(event_loop, self.redraw_buffer.clone(), f);
-        {
-            let mut runner_ref = self.runner.borrow_mut();
-            loop {
-                let event = self.buffer.borrow_mut().pop_front();
-                match event {
-                    Some(e) => {
-                        runner.process_event(e);
-                    }
-                    None => break,
-                }
-            }
-            *runner_ref = Some(runner);
-        }
-    }
-
-    pub(crate) fn destroy_runner(&self) {
-        *self.runner.borrow_mut() = None;
-    }
-
-    pub(crate) fn new_events(&self) {
-        let mut runner_ref = self.runner.borrow_mut();
-        if let Some(ref mut runner) = *runner_ref {
-            runner.new_events();
-        }
-    }
-
-    pub(crate) unsafe fn send_event(&self, event: Event<T>) {
-        if let Ok(mut runner_ref) = self.runner.try_borrow_mut() {
-            if let Some(ref mut runner) = *runner_ref {
-                runner.process_event(event);
-
-                // Dispatch any events that were buffered during the call to `process_event`.
-                loop {
-                    // We do this instead of using a `while let` loop because if we use a `while let`
-                    // loop the reference returned `borrow_mut()` doesn't get dropped until the end
-                    // of the loop's body and attempts to add events to the event buffer while in
-                    // `process_event` will fail.
-                    let buffered_event_opt = self.buffer.borrow_mut().pop_front();
-                    match buffered_event_opt {
-                        Some(event) => runner.process_event(event),
-                        None => break,
-                    }
-                }
-
-                return;
-            }
-        }
-
-        // If the runner is already borrowed, we're in the middle of an event loop invocation. Add
-        // the event to a buffer to be processed later.
-        self.buffer_event(event);
-    }
-
-    pub(crate) unsafe fn call_event_handler(&self, event: Event<T>) {
-        if let Ok(mut runner_ref) = self.runner.try_borrow_mut() {
-            if let Some(ref mut runner) = *runner_ref {
-                runner.call_event_handler(event);
-                return;
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    pub(crate) fn events_cleared(&self) {
-        let mut runner_ref = self.runner.borrow_mut();
-        if let Some(ref mut runner) = *runner_ref {
-            runner.events_cleared();
-        }
-    }
-
-    pub(crate) fn take_panic_error(&self) -> Result<(), PanicError> {
-        let mut runner_ref = self.runner.borrow_mut();
-        if let Some(ref mut runner) = *runner_ref {
-            runner.take_panic_error()
-        } else {
-            Ok(())
-        }
-    }
-
-    pub(crate) fn set_modal_loop(&self, in_modal_loop: bool) {
-        let mut runner_ref = self.runner.borrow_mut();
-        if let Some(ref mut runner) = *runner_ref {
-            runner.in_modal_loop = in_modal_loop;
-        }
-    }
-
-    pub(crate) fn in_modal_loop(&self) -> bool {
-        let runner = self.runner.borrow();
-        if let Some(ref runner) = *runner {
-            runner.in_modal_loop
-        } else {
-            false
-        }
-    }
-
-    pub fn control_flow(&self) -> ControlFlow {
-        let runner_ref = self.runner.borrow();
-        if let Some(ref runner) = *runner_ref {
-            runner.control_flow
-        } else {
-            ControlFlow::Exit
-        }
-    }
-
-    fn buffer_event(&self, event: Event<T>) {
-        match event {
-            Event::RedrawRequested(window_id) => {
-                self.redraw_buffer.borrow_mut().push_back(window_id)
-            }
-            _ => self.buffer.borrow_mut().push_back(event),
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
-enum RunnerState {
-    /// The event loop has just been created, and an `Init` event must be sent.
-    New,
-    /// The event loop is idling, and began idling at the given instant.
-    Idle(Instant),
-    /// The event loop has received a signal from the OS that the loop may resume, but no winit
-    /// events have been generated yet. We're waiting for an event to be processed or the events
-    /// to be marked as cleared to send `NewEvents`, depending on the current `ControlFlow`.
-    DeferredNewEvents(Instant),
-    /// The event loop is handling the OS's events and sending them to the user's callback.
-    /// `NewEvents` has been sent, and `EventsCleared` hasn't.
-    HandlingEvents,
-    HandlingRedraw,
-}
-
-impl<T> EventLoopRunner<T> {
-    unsafe fn new<F>(
-        event_loop: &EventLoop<T>,
-        redraw_buffer: Rc<RefCell<VecDeque<WindowId>>>,
-        f: F,
-    ) -> EventLoopRunner<T>
-    where
-        F: FnMut(Event<T>, &mut ControlFlow),
-    {
-        EventLoopRunner {
-            control_flow: ControlFlow::default(),
-            runner_state: RunnerState::New,
-            in_modal_loop: false,
-            modal_redraw_window: event_loop.window_target.p.thread_msg_target,
-            event_handler: mem::transmute::<
-                Box<dyn FnMut(Event<T>, &mut ControlFlow)>,
-                Box<dyn FnMut(Event<T>, &mut ControlFlow)>,
-            >(Box::new(f)),
-            panic_error: None,
-            redraw_buffer,
-        }
-    }
-
-    fn take_panic_error(&mut self) -> Result<(), PanicError> {
-        match self.panic_error.take() {
-            Some(err) => Err(err),
-            None => Ok(()),
-        }
-    }
-
-    fn new_events(&mut self) {
-        self.runner_state = match self.runner_state {
-            // If we're already handling events or have deferred `NewEvents`, we don't need to do
-            // do any processing.
-            RunnerState::HandlingEvents
-            | RunnerState::HandlingRedraw
-            | RunnerState::DeferredNewEvents(..) => self.runner_state,
-
-            // Send the `Init` `NewEvents` and immediately move into event processing.
-            RunnerState::New => {
-                self.call_event_handler(Event::NewEvents(StartCause::Init));
-                RunnerState::HandlingEvents
-            }
-
-            // When `NewEvents` gets sent after an idle depends on the control flow...
-            RunnerState::Idle(wait_start) => {
-                match self.control_flow {
-                    // If we're polling, send `NewEvents` and immediately move into event processing.
-                    ControlFlow::Poll => {
-                        self.call_event_handler(Event::NewEvents(StartCause::Poll));
-                        RunnerState::HandlingEvents
-                    },
-                    // If the user was waiting until a specific time, the `NewEvents` call gets sent
-                    // at varying times depending on the current time.
-                    ControlFlow::WaitUntil(resume_time) => {
-                        match Instant::now() >= resume_time {
-                            // If the current time is later than the requested resume time, we can tell the
-                            // user that the resume time has been reached with `NewEvents` and immdiately move
-                            // into event processing.
-                            true => {
-                                self.call_event_handler(Event::NewEvents(StartCause::ResumeTimeReached {
-                                    start: wait_start,
-                                    requested_resume: resume_time,
-                                }));
-                                RunnerState::HandlingEvents
-                            },
-                            // However, if the current time is EARLIER than the requested resume time, we
-                            // don't want to send the `WaitCancelled` event until we know an event is being
-                            // sent. Defer.
-                            false => RunnerState::DeferredNewEvents(wait_start)
-                        }
-                    },
-                    // If we're waiting, `NewEvents` doesn't get sent until winit gets an event, so
-                    // we defer.
-                    ControlFlow::Wait |
-                    // `Exit` shouldn't really ever get sent here, but if it does do something somewhat sane.
-                    ControlFlow::Exit => RunnerState::DeferredNewEvents(wait_start),
-                }
-            }
-        };
-    }
-
-    fn process_event(&mut self, event: Event<T>) {
-        // If we're in the modal loop, we need to have some mechanism for finding when the event
-        // queue has been cleared so we can call `events_cleared`. Windows doesn't give any utilities
-        // for doing this, but it DOES guarantee that WM_PAINT will only occur after input events have
-        // been processed. So, we send WM_PAINT to a dummy window which calls `events_cleared` when
-        // the events queue has been emptied.
-        if self.in_modal_loop {
-            unsafe {
-                winuser::RedrawWindow(
-                    self.modal_redraw_window,
-                    ptr::null(),
-                    ptr::null_mut(),
-                    winuser::RDW_INTERNALPAINT,
-                );
-            }
-        }
-
-        // If new event processing has to be done (i.e. call NewEvents or defer), do it. If we're
-        // already in processing nothing happens with this call.
-        self.new_events();
-
-        // Now that an event has been received, we have to send any `NewEvents` calls that were
-        // deferred.
-        if let RunnerState::DeferredNewEvents(wait_start) = self.runner_state {
-            match self.control_flow {
-                ControlFlow::Exit | ControlFlow::Wait => {
-                    self.call_event_handler(Event::NewEvents(StartCause::WaitCancelled {
-                        start: wait_start,
-                        requested_resume: None,
-                    }))
-                }
-                ControlFlow::WaitUntil(resume_time) => {
-                    let start_cause = match Instant::now() >= resume_time {
-                        // If the current time is later than the requested resume time, the resume time
-                        // has been reached.
-                        true => StartCause::ResumeTimeReached {
-                            start: wait_start,
-                            requested_resume: resume_time,
-                        },
-                        // Otherwise, the requested resume time HASN'T been reached and we send a WaitCancelled.
-                        false => StartCause::WaitCancelled {
-                            start: wait_start,
-                            requested_resume: Some(resume_time),
-                        },
-                    };
-                    self.call_event_handler(Event::NewEvents(start_cause));
-                }
-                // This can be reached if the control flow is changed to poll during a `RedrawRequested`
-                // that was sent after `EventsCleared`.
-                ControlFlow::Poll => self.call_event_handler(Event::NewEvents(StartCause::Poll)),
-            }
-        }
-
-        match (self.runner_state, &event) {
-            (RunnerState::HandlingRedraw, Event::RedrawRequested(_)) => {
-                self.call_event_handler(event)
-            }
-            (_, Event::RedrawRequested(_)) => {
-                self.call_event_handler(Event::MainEventsCleared);
-                self.runner_state = RunnerState::HandlingRedraw;
-                self.call_event_handler(event);
-            }
-            (RunnerState::HandlingRedraw, _) => {
-                warn!("Non-redraw event dispatched durning redraw phase");
-                self.events_cleared();
-                self.new_events();
-                self.call_event_handler(event);
-            }
-            (_, _) => {
-                self.runner_state = RunnerState::HandlingEvents;
-                self.call_event_handler(event);
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    fn flush_redraws(&mut self) {
-        loop {
-            let redraw_window_opt = self.redraw_buffer.borrow_mut().pop_front();
-            match redraw_window_opt {
-                Some(window_id) => self.process_event(Event::RedrawRequested(window_id)),
-                None => break,
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    fn events_cleared(&mut self) {
-        match self.runner_state {
-            // If we were handling events, send the EventsCleared message.
-            RunnerState::HandlingEvents => {
-                self.call_event_handler(Event::MainEventsCleared);
-                self.flush_redraws();
-                self.call_event_handler(Event::RedrawEventsCleared);
-                self.runner_state = RunnerState::Idle(Instant::now());
-            }
-
-            RunnerState::HandlingRedraw => {
-                self.call_event_handler(Event::RedrawEventsCleared);
-                self.runner_state = RunnerState::Idle(Instant::now());
-            }
-
-            // If we *weren't* handling events, we don't have to do anything.
-            RunnerState::New | RunnerState::Idle(..) => (),
-
-            // Some control flows require a NewEvents call even if no events were received. This
-            // branch handles those.
-            RunnerState::DeferredNewEvents(wait_start) => {
-                match self.control_flow {
-                    // If we had deferred a Poll, send the Poll NewEvents and EventsCleared.
-                    ControlFlow::Poll => {
-                        self.call_event_handler(Event::NewEvents(StartCause::Poll));
-                        self.call_event_handler(Event::MainEventsCleared);
-                        self.flush_redraws();
-                        self.call_event_handler(Event::RedrawEventsCleared);
-                    }
-                    // If we had deferred a WaitUntil and the resume time has since been reached,
-                    // send the resume notification and EventsCleared event.
-                    ControlFlow::WaitUntil(resume_time) => {
-                        if Instant::now() >= resume_time {
-                            self.call_event_handler(Event::NewEvents(
-                                StartCause::ResumeTimeReached {
-                                    start: wait_start,
-                                    requested_resume: resume_time,
-                                },
-                            ));
-                            self.call_event_handler(Event::MainEventsCleared);
-                            self.flush_redraws();
-                            self.call_event_handler(Event::RedrawEventsCleared);
-                        }
-                    }
-                    // If we deferred a wait and no events were received, the user doesn't have to
-                    // get an event.
-                    ControlFlow::Wait | ControlFlow::Exit => (),
-                }
-                // Mark that we've entered an idle state.
-                self.runner_state = RunnerState::Idle(wait_start)
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    fn call_event_handler(&mut self, event: Event<T>) {
-        if self.panic_error.is_none() {
-            let EventLoopRunner {
-                ref mut panic_error,
-                ref mut event_handler,
-                ref mut control_flow,
-                ..
-            } = self;
-            *panic_error = panic::catch_unwind(panic::AssertUnwindSafe(|| {
-                if *control_flow != ControlFlow::Exit {
-                    (*event_handler)(event, control_flow);
-                } else {
-                    (*event_handler)(event, &mut ControlFlow::Exit);
-                }
-            }))
-            .err();
-        }
-    }
-}

src/platform_impl/windows/gamepad.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+use std::sync::Weak;
+
+use winapi::um::winnt::HANDLE;
+
+use crate::{
+    event::device::{BatteryLevel, GamepadEvent, RumbleError},
+    platform_impl::platform::{
+        raw_input::{get_raw_input_device_name, RawGamepad},
+        xinput::{self, XInputGamepad, XInputGamepadShared},
+    },
+};
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub enum GamepadType {
+    Raw(RawGamepad),
+    XInput(XInputGamepad),
+}
+
+#[derive(Clone)]
+pub enum GamepadShared {
+    Raw(()),
+    XInput(Weak<XInputGamepadShared>),
+    Dummy,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub struct Gamepad {
+    handle: HANDLE,
+    backend: GamepadType,
+}
+
+impl Gamepad {
+    pub fn new(handle: HANDLE) -> Option<Self> {
+        // TODO: Verify that this is an HID device
+        let name = get_raw_input_device_name(handle)?;
+        xinput::id_from_name(&name)
+            .and_then(XInputGamepad::new)
+            .map(GamepadType::XInput)
+            .or_else(|| RawGamepad::new(handle).map(GamepadType::Raw))
+            .map(|backend| Gamepad { handle, backend })
+    }
+
+    pub unsafe fn update_state(&mut self, raw_input_report: &mut [u8]) -> Option<()> {
+        match self.backend {
+            GamepadType::Raw(ref mut gamepad) => gamepad.update_state(raw_input_report),
+            GamepadType::XInput(ref mut gamepad) => gamepad.update_state(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn get_gamepad_events(&self) -> Vec<GamepadEvent> {
+        match self.backend {
+            GamepadType::Raw(ref gamepad) => gamepad.get_gamepad_events(),
+            GamepadType::XInput(ref gamepad) => gamepad.get_gamepad_events(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn shared_data(&self) -> GamepadShared {
+        match self.backend {
+            GamepadType::Raw(_) => GamepadShared::Raw(()),
+            GamepadType::XInput(ref gamepad) => GamepadShared::XInput(gamepad.shared_data()),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl GamepadShared {
+    pub fn rumble(&self, left_speed: f64, right_speed: f64) -> Result<(), RumbleError> {
+        match self {
+            GamepadShared::Raw(_) | GamepadShared::Dummy => Ok(()),
+            GamepadShared::XInput(ref data) => data
+                .upgrade()
+                .map(|r| r.rumble(left_speed, right_speed))
+                .unwrap_or(Err(RumbleError::DeviceNotConnected)),
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn port(&self) -> Option<u8> {
+        match self {
+            GamepadShared::Raw(_) | GamepadShared::Dummy => None,
+            GamepadShared::XInput(ref data) => data.upgrade().map(|r| r.port()),
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn battery_level(&self) -> Option<BatteryLevel> {
+        match self {
+            GamepadShared::Raw(_) | GamepadShared::Dummy => None,
+            GamepadShared::XInput(ref data) => data.upgrade().and_then(|r| r.battery_level()),
+        }
+    }
+}

src/platform_impl/windows/mod.rs

@@ -1,14 +1,35 @@
 #![cfg(target_os = "windows")]
 
-use winapi::{self, shared::windef::HWND};
+#[macro_use]
+mod util;
+mod dpi;
+mod drop_handler;
+mod event;
+mod event_loop;
+mod gamepad;
+mod icon;
+mod monitor;
+mod raw_input;
+mod window;
+mod window_state;
+mod xinput;
+
+use std::{
+    cmp::{Eq, Ord, Ordering, PartialEq, PartialOrd},
+    fmt,
+    hash::{Hash, Hasher},
+    ptr,
+};
+use winapi::{self, shared::windef::HWND, um::winnt::HANDLE};
 
 pub use self::{
     event_loop::{EventLoop, EventLoopProxy, EventLoopWindowTarget},
+    gamepad::GamepadShared,
     monitor::{MonitorHandle, VideoMode},
     window::Window,
 };
 
-use crate::{event::DeviceId as RootDeviceId, window::Icon};
+use crate::{event::device, window::Icon};
 
 #[derive(Clone, Default)]
 pub struct PlatformSpecificWindowBuilderAttributes {
@@ -26,34 +47,6 @@ pub struct Cursor(pub *const winapi::ctypes::wchar_t);
 unsafe impl Send for Cursor {}
 unsafe impl Sync for Cursor {}
 
-#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord, Hash)]
-pub struct DeviceId(u32);
-
-impl DeviceId {
-    pub unsafe fn dummy() -> Self {
-        DeviceId(0)
-    }
-}
-
-impl DeviceId {
-    pub fn persistent_identifier(&self) -> Option<String> {
-        if self.0 != 0 {
-            raw_input::get_raw_input_device_name(self.0 as _)
-        } else {
-            None
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-// Constant device ID, to be removed when this backend is updated to report real device IDs.
-const DEVICE_ID: RootDeviceId = RootDeviceId(DeviceId(0));
-
-fn wrap_device_id(id: u32) -> RootDeviceId {
-    RootDeviceId(DeviceId(id))
-}
-
-pub type OsError = std::io::Error;
-
 #[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord, Hash)]
 pub struct WindowId(HWND);
 unsafe impl Send for WindowId {}
@@ -61,21 +54,142 @@ unsafe impl Sync for WindowId {}
 
 impl WindowId {
     pub unsafe fn dummy() -> Self {
-        use std::ptr::null_mut;
-
-        WindowId(null_mut())
+        WindowId(ptr::null_mut())
     }
 }
 
-#[macro_use]
-mod util;
-mod dark_mode;
-mod dpi;
-mod drop_handler;
-mod event;
-mod event_loop;
-mod icon;
-mod monitor;
-mod raw_input;
-mod window;
-mod window_state;
+macro_rules! device_id {
+    ($name:ident, $enumerate:ident) => {
+        #[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord, Hash)]
+        pub(crate) struct $name(HANDLE);
+
+        unsafe impl Send for $name {}
+        unsafe impl Sync for $name {}
+
+        impl $name {
+            pub unsafe fn dummy() -> Self {
+                Self(ptr::null_mut())
+            }
+
+            pub fn persistent_identifier(&self) -> Option<String> {
+                raw_input::get_raw_input_device_name(self.0)
+            }
+
+            pub fn is_connected(&self) -> bool {
+                raw_input::get_raw_input_device_info(self.0).is_some()
+            }
+
+            #[inline(always)]
+            pub fn handle(&self) -> HANDLE {
+                self.0
+            }
+
+            pub fn enumerate<'a, T>(
+                event_loop: &'a EventLoop<T>,
+            ) -> impl 'a + Iterator<Item = device::$name> {
+                event_loop.$enumerate()
+            }
+        }
+
+        impl From<$name> for device::$name {
+            fn from(platform_id: $name) -> Self {
+                Self(platform_id)
+            }
+        }
+    };
+}
+
+device_id!(MouseId, mouses);
+device_id!(KeyboardId, keyboards);
+device_id!(HidId, hids);
+
+#[derive(Clone)]
+pub(crate) struct GamepadHandle {
+    handle: HANDLE,
+    shared_data: GamepadShared,
+}
+
+pub type OsError = std::io::Error;
+
+unsafe impl Send for GamepadHandle where GamepadShared: Send {}
+unsafe impl Sync for GamepadHandle where GamepadShared: Sync {}
+
+impl GamepadHandle {
+    pub unsafe fn dummy() -> Self {
+        Self {
+            handle: ptr::null_mut(),
+            shared_data: GamepadShared::Dummy,
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn persistent_identifier(&self) -> Option<String> {
+        raw_input::get_raw_input_device_name(self.handle)
+    }
+
+    pub fn is_connected(&self) -> bool {
+        raw_input::get_raw_input_device_info(self.handle).is_some()
+    }
+
+    #[inline(always)]
+    pub fn handle(&self) -> HANDLE {
+        self.handle
+    }
+
+    pub fn rumble(&self, left_speed: f64, right_speed: f64) -> Result<(), device::RumbleError> {
+        self.shared_data.rumble(left_speed, right_speed)
+    }
+
+    pub fn port(&self) -> Option<u8> {
+        self.shared_data.port()
+    }
+
+    pub fn battery_level(&self) -> Option<device::BatteryLevel> {
+        self.shared_data.battery_level()
+    }
+
+    pub fn enumerate<'a, T>(
+        event_loop: &'a EventLoop<T>,
+    ) -> impl 'a + Iterator<Item = device::GamepadHandle> {
+        event_loop.gamepads()
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<GamepadHandle> for device::GamepadHandle {
+    fn from(platform_id: GamepadHandle) -> Self {
+        Self(platform_id)
+    }
+}
+
+impl fmt::Debug for GamepadHandle {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> Result<(), fmt::Error> {
+        f.debug_tuple("GamepadHandle").field(&self.handle).finish()
+    }
+}
+
+impl Eq for GamepadHandle {}
+impl PartialEq for GamepadHandle {
+    #[inline(always)]
+    fn eq(&self, other: &Self) -> bool {
+        self.handle == other.handle
+    }
+}
+
+impl Ord for GamepadHandle {
+    #[inline(always)]
+    fn cmp(&self, other: &Self) -> Ordering {
+        self.handle.cmp(&other.handle)
+    }
+}
+impl PartialOrd for GamepadHandle {
+    #[inline(always)]
+    fn partial_cmp(&self, other: &Self) -> Option<Ordering> {
+        self.handle.partial_cmp(&other.handle)
+    }
+}
+
+impl Hash for GamepadHandle {
+    #[inline(always)]
+    fn hash<H: Hasher>(&self, state: &mut H) {
+        self.handle.hash(state);
+    }
+}

src/platform_impl/windows/raw_input.rs

@@ -1,27 +1,43 @@
 use std::{
+    cmp::max,
+    fmt,
     mem::{self, size_of},
-    ptr,
+    ptr, slice,
 };
 
 use winapi::{
     ctypes::wchar_t,
     shared::{
-        hidusage::{HID_USAGE_GENERIC_KEYBOARD, HID_USAGE_GENERIC_MOUSE, HID_USAGE_PAGE_GENERIC},
-        minwindef::{TRUE, UINT, USHORT},
+        hidpi::{
+            HidP_GetButtonCaps, HidP_GetCaps, HidP_GetScaledUsageValue, HidP_GetUsageValue,
+            HidP_GetUsagesEx, HidP_GetValueCaps, HidP_Input, HIDP_STATUS_SUCCESS, HIDP_VALUE_CAPS,
+            PHIDP_PREPARSED_DATA,
+        },
+        hidusage::{
+            HID_USAGE_GENERIC_GAMEPAD, HID_USAGE_GENERIC_JOYSTICK, HID_USAGE_GENERIC_KEYBOARD,
+            HID_USAGE_GENERIC_MOUSE, HID_USAGE_PAGE_GENERIC,
+        },
+        minwindef::{INT, TRUE, UINT, USHORT},
         windef::HWND,
     },
     um::{
-        winnt::HANDLE,
+        winnt::{HANDLE, PCHAR},
         winuser::{
             self, HRAWINPUT, RAWINPUT, RAWINPUTDEVICE, RAWINPUTDEVICELIST, RAWINPUTHEADER,
-            RIDEV_DEVNOTIFY, RIDEV_INPUTSINK, RIDI_DEVICEINFO, RIDI_DEVICENAME, RID_DEVICE_INFO,
-            RID_DEVICE_INFO_HID, RID_DEVICE_INFO_KEYBOARD, RID_DEVICE_INFO_MOUSE, RID_INPUT,
-            RIM_TYPEHID, RIM_TYPEKEYBOARD, RIM_TYPEMOUSE,
+            RIDEV_DEVNOTIFY, RIDEV_INPUTSINK, RIDI_DEVICEINFO, RIDI_DEVICENAME, RIDI_PREPARSEDDATA,
+            RID_DEVICE_INFO, RID_DEVICE_INFO_HID, RID_DEVICE_INFO_KEYBOARD, RID_DEVICE_INFO_MOUSE,
+            RID_INPUT, RIM_TYPEHID, RIM_TYPEKEYBOARD, RIM_TYPEMOUSE,
         },
     },
 };
 
-use crate::{event::ElementState, platform_impl::platform::util};
+use crate::{
+    event::{
+        device::{GamepadAxis, GamepadEvent},
+        ElementState,
+    },
+    platform_impl::platform::util,
+};
 
 #[allow(dead_code)]
 pub fn get_raw_input_device_list() -> Option<Vec<RAWINPUTDEVICELIST>> {
@@ -52,7 +68,6 @@ pub fn get_raw_input_device_list() -> Option<Vec<RAWINPUTDEVICELIST>> {
     Some(buffer)
 }
 
-#[allow(dead_code)]
 pub enum RawDeviceInfo {
     Mouse(RID_DEVICE_INFO_MOUSE),
     Keyboard(RID_DEVICE_INFO_KEYBOARD),
@@ -72,28 +87,27 @@ impl From<RID_DEVICE_INFO> for RawDeviceInfo {
     }
 }
 
-#[allow(dead_code)]
 pub fn get_raw_input_device_info(handle: HANDLE) -> Option<RawDeviceInfo> {
     let mut info: RID_DEVICE_INFO = unsafe { mem::zeroed() };
     let info_size = size_of::<RID_DEVICE_INFO>() as UINT;
 
     info.cbSize = info_size;
 
-    let mut minimum_size = 0;
+    let mut data_size = info_size;
     let status = unsafe {
         winuser::GetRawInputDeviceInfoW(
             handle,
             RIDI_DEVICEINFO,
             &mut info as *mut _ as _,
-            &mut minimum_size,
+            &mut data_size,
         )
-    };
+    } as INT;
 
-    if status == UINT::max_value() || status == 0 {
+    if status <= 0 {
         return None;
     }
 
-    debug_assert_eq!(info_size, status);
+    debug_assert_eq!(info_size, status as _);
 
     Some(info.into())
 }
@@ -130,6 +144,43 @@ pub fn get_raw_input_device_name(handle: HANDLE) -> Option<String> {
     Some(util::wchar_to_string(&name))
 }
 
+pub fn get_raw_input_pre_parse_info(handle: HANDLE) -> Option<Vec<u8>> {
+    let mut minimum_size = 0;
+    let status = unsafe {
+        winuser::GetRawInputDeviceInfoW(
+            handle,
+            RIDI_PREPARSEDDATA,
+            ptr::null_mut(),
+            &mut minimum_size,
+        )
+    };
+
+    if status != 0 {
+        return None;
+    }
+
+    let mut buf: Vec<u8> = Vec::with_capacity(minimum_size as _);
+
+    let status = unsafe {
+        winuser::GetRawInputDeviceInfoW(
+            handle,
+            RIDI_PREPARSEDDATA,
+            buf.as_ptr() as _,
+            &mut minimum_size,
+        )
+    };
+
+    if status == UINT::max_value() || status == 0 {
+        return None;
+    }
+
+    debug_assert_eq!(minimum_size, status);
+
+    unsafe { buf.set_len(minimum_size as _) };
+
+    Some(buf)
+}
+
 pub fn register_raw_input_devices(devices: &[RAWINPUTDEVICE]) -> bool {
     let device_size = size_of::<RAWINPUTDEVICE>() as UINT;
 
@@ -140,12 +191,12 @@ pub fn register_raw_input_devices(devices: &[RAWINPUTDEVICE]) -> bool {
     success == TRUE
 }
 
-pub fn register_all_mice_and_keyboards_for_raw_input(window_handle: HWND) -> bool {
-    // RIDEV_DEVNOTIFY: receive hotplug events
-    // RIDEV_INPUTSINK: receive events even if we're not in the foreground
+pub fn register_for_raw_input(window_handle: HWND) -> bool {
+    // `RIDEV_DEVNOTIFY`: receive hotplug events
+    // `RIDEV_INPUTSINK`: receive events even if we're not in the foreground
     let flags = RIDEV_DEVNOTIFY | RIDEV_INPUTSINK;
 
-    let devices: [RAWINPUTDEVICE; 2] = [
+    let devices: [RAWINPUTDEVICE; 5] = [
         RAWINPUTDEVICE {
             usUsagePage: HID_USAGE_PAGE_GENERIC,
             usUsage: HID_USAGE_GENERIC_MOUSE,
@@ -158,27 +209,182 @@ pub fn register_all_mice_and_keyboards_for_raw_input(window_handle: HWND) -> boo
             dwFlags: flags,
             hwndTarget: window_handle,
         },
+        RAWINPUTDEVICE {
+            usUsagePage: HID_USAGE_PAGE_GENERIC,
+            usUsage: HID_USAGE_GENERIC_JOYSTICK,
+            dwFlags: flags,
+            hwndTarget: window_handle,
+        },
+        RAWINPUTDEVICE {
+            usUsagePage: HID_USAGE_PAGE_GENERIC,
+            usUsage: HID_USAGE_GENERIC_GAMEPAD,
+            dwFlags: flags,
+            hwndTarget: window_handle,
+        },
+        RAWINPUTDEVICE {
+            usUsagePage: HID_USAGE_PAGE_GENERIC,
+            usUsage: 0x08, // multi-axis
+            dwFlags: flags,
+            hwndTarget: window_handle,
+        },
     ];
 
     register_raw_input_devices(&devices)
 }
 
-pub fn get_raw_input_data(handle: HRAWINPUT) -> Option<RAWINPUT> {
-    let mut data: RAWINPUT = unsafe { mem::zeroed() };
-    let mut data_size = size_of::<RAWINPUT>() as UINT;
+pub enum RawInputData {
+    Mouse {
+        device_handle: HANDLE,
+        raw_mouse: winuser::RAWMOUSE,
+    },
+    Keyboard {
+        device_handle: HANDLE,
+        raw_keyboard: winuser::RAWKEYBOARD,
+    },
+    Hid {
+        device_handle: HANDLE,
+        raw_hid: RawHidData,
+    },
+}
+
+pub struct RawHidData {
+    pub hid_input_size: u32,
+    pub hid_input_count: u32,
+    pub raw_input: Box<[u8]>,
+}
+
+pub fn get_raw_input_data(handle: HRAWINPUT) -> Option<RawInputData> {
+    let mut data_size = 0;
     let header_size = size_of::<RAWINPUTHEADER>() as UINT;
 
-    let status = unsafe {
+    // There are two classes of data this function can output:
+    // - Raw mouse and keyboard data
+    // - Raw HID data
+    // The first class (mouse and keyboard) is always going to write data formatted like the
+    // `RAWINPUT` struct, with no other data, and can be placed on the stack into `RAWINPUT`.
+    // The second class (raw HID data) writes the struct, and then a buffer of data appended to
+    // the end. That data needs to be heap-allocated so we can store all of it.
+    unsafe {
         winuser::GetRawInputData(
             handle,
             RID_INPUT,
-            &mut data as *mut _ as _,
+            ptr::null_mut(),
             &mut data_size,
             header_size,
         )
     };
 
-    if status == UINT::max_value() || status == 0 {
+    let (status, data): (INT, RawInputData);
+
+    if data_size <= size_of::<RAWINPUT>() as UINT {
+        // Since GetRawInputData is going to write... well, a buffer that's `RAWINPUT` bytes long
+        // and structured like `RAWINPUT`, we're just going to cut to the chase and write directly into
+        // a `RAWINPUT` struct.
+        let mut rawinput_data: RAWINPUT = unsafe { mem::zeroed() };
+
+        status = unsafe {
+            winuser::GetRawInputData(
+                handle,
+                RID_INPUT,
+                &mut rawinput_data as *mut RAWINPUT as *mut _,
+                &mut data_size,
+                header_size,
+            )
+        } as INT;
+
+        assert_ne!(-1, status);
+
+        let device_handle = rawinput_data.header.hDevice;
+
+        data = match rawinput_data.header.dwType {
+            winuser::RIM_TYPEMOUSE => {
+                let raw_mouse = unsafe { rawinput_data.data.mouse().clone() };
+                RawInputData::Mouse {
+                    device_handle,
+                    raw_mouse,
+                }
+            }
+            winuser::RIM_TYPEKEYBOARD => {
+                let raw_keyboard = unsafe { rawinput_data.data.keyboard().clone() };
+                RawInputData::Keyboard {
+                    device_handle,
+                    raw_keyboard,
+                }
+            }
+            winuser::RIM_TYPEHID => {
+                let hid_data = unsafe { rawinput_data.data.hid() };
+                let buf_len = hid_data.dwSizeHid as usize * hid_data.dwCount as usize;
+                let data = unsafe { slice::from_raw_parts(hid_data.bRawData.as_ptr(), buf_len) };
+                RawInputData::Hid {
+                    device_handle,
+                    raw_hid: RawHidData {
+                        hid_input_size: hid_data.dwSizeHid,
+                        hid_input_count: hid_data.dwCount,
+                        raw_input: Box::from(data),
+                    },
+                }
+            }
+            _ => unreachable!(),
+        };
+    } else {
+        let mut buf = vec![0u8; data_size as usize];
+
+        status = unsafe {
+            winuser::GetRawInputData(
+                handle,
+                RID_INPUT,
+                buf.as_mut_ptr() as *mut _,
+                &mut data_size,
+                header_size,
+            )
+        } as INT;
+
+        let rawinput_data = buf.as_ptr() as *const RAWINPUT;
+
+        let device_handle = unsafe { (&*rawinput_data).header.hDevice };
+
+        data = match unsafe { *rawinput_data }.header.dwType {
+            winuser::RIM_TYPEMOUSE => {
+                let raw_mouse = unsafe { (&*rawinput_data).data.mouse().clone() };
+                RawInputData::Mouse {
+                    device_handle,
+                    raw_mouse,
+                }
+            }
+            winuser::RIM_TYPEKEYBOARD => {
+                let raw_keyboard = unsafe { (&*rawinput_data).data.keyboard().clone() };
+                RawInputData::Keyboard {
+                    device_handle,
+                    raw_keyboard,
+                }
+            }
+            winuser::RIM_TYPEHID => {
+                let hid_data: winuser::RAWHID = unsafe { (&*rawinput_data).data.hid().clone() };
+
+                let hid_data_index = {
+                    let hid_data_start =
+                        unsafe { &((&*rawinput_data).data.hid().bRawData) } as *const _;
+                    hid_data_start as usize - buf.as_ptr() as usize
+                };
+
+                buf.drain(..hid_data_index);
+
+                RawInputData::Hid {
+                    device_handle,
+                    raw_hid: RawHidData {
+                        hid_input_size: hid_data.dwSizeHid,
+                        hid_input_count: hid_data.dwCount,
+                        raw_input: buf.into_boxed_slice(),
+                    },
+                }
+            }
+            _ => unreachable!(),
+        };
+
+        assert_ne!(-1, status);
+    }
+
+    if status == 0 {
         return None;
     }
 
@@ -200,7 +406,7 @@ fn button_flags_to_element_state(
     }
 }
 
-pub fn get_raw_mouse_button_state(button_flags: USHORT) -> [Option<ElementState>; 3] {
+pub fn get_raw_mouse_button_state(button_flags: USHORT) -> [Option<ElementState>; 5] {
     [
         button_flags_to_element_state(
             button_flags,
@@ -217,5 +423,264 @@ pub fn get_raw_mouse_button_state(button_flags: USHORT) -> [Option<ElementState>
             winuser::RI_MOUSE_RIGHT_BUTTON_DOWN,
             winuser::RI_MOUSE_RIGHT_BUTTON_UP,
         ),
+        button_flags_to_element_state(
+            button_flags,
+            winuser::RI_MOUSE_BUTTON_4_DOWN,
+            winuser::RI_MOUSE_BUTTON_4_UP,
+        ),
+        button_flags_to_element_state(
+            button_flags,
+            winuser::RI_MOUSE_BUTTON_5_DOWN,
+            winuser::RI_MOUSE_BUTTON_5_UP,
+        ),
     ]
 }
+
+pub struct Axis {
+    caps: HIDP_VALUE_CAPS,
+    value: f64,
+    prev_value: f64,
+    axis: Option<GamepadAxis>,
+}
+
+impl fmt::Debug for Axis {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
+        #[derive(Debug)]
+        struct Axis {
+            value: f64,
+            prev_value: f64,
+            axis: Option<GamepadAxis>,
+        }
+
+        let axis_proxy = Axis {
+            value: self.value,
+            prev_value: self.prev_value,
+            axis: self.axis,
+        };
+
+        axis_proxy.fmt(f)
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub struct RawGamepad {
+    handle: HANDLE,
+    pre_parsed_data: Vec<u8>,
+    button_count: usize,
+    pub button_state: Vec<bool>,
+    pub prev_button_state: Vec<bool>,
+    axis_count: usize,
+    pub axis_state: Vec<Axis>,
+}
+
+// Reference: https://chromium.googlesource.com/chromium/chromium/+/trunk/content/browser/gamepad/raw_input_data_fetcher_win.cc
+impl RawGamepad {
+    pub fn new(handle: HANDLE) -> Option<Self> {
+        let pre_parsed_data = get_raw_input_pre_parse_info(handle)?;
+        let data_ptr = pre_parsed_data.as_ptr() as PHIDP_PREPARSED_DATA;
+        let mut caps = unsafe { mem::zeroed() };
+        let status = unsafe { HidP_GetCaps(data_ptr, &mut caps) };
+        if status != HIDP_STATUS_SUCCESS {
+            return None;
+        }
+        let mut button_caps_len = caps.NumberInputButtonCaps;
+        let mut button_caps = Vec::with_capacity(button_caps_len as _);
+        let status = unsafe {
+            HidP_GetButtonCaps(
+                HidP_Input,
+                button_caps.as_mut_ptr(),
+                &mut button_caps_len,
+                data_ptr,
+            )
+        };
+        if status != HIDP_STATUS_SUCCESS {
+            return None;
+        }
+        unsafe { button_caps.set_len(button_caps_len as _) };
+        let mut button_count = 0;
+        for button_cap in button_caps {
+            let range = unsafe { button_cap.u.Range() };
+            button_count = max(button_count, range.UsageMax);
+        }
+        let button_state = vec![false; button_count as usize];
+        let mut axis_caps_len = caps.NumberInputValueCaps;
+        let mut axis_caps = Vec::with_capacity(axis_caps_len as _);
+        let status = unsafe {
+            HidP_GetValueCaps(
+                HidP_Input,
+                axis_caps.as_mut_ptr(),
+                &mut axis_caps_len,
+                data_ptr,
+            )
+        };
+        if status != HIDP_STATUS_SUCCESS {
+            return None;
+        }
+        unsafe { axis_caps.set_len(axis_caps_len as _) };
+        let mut axis_state = Vec::with_capacity(axis_caps_len as _);
+        let mut axis_count = 0;
+        for (axis_index, axis_cap) in axis_caps.drain(0..).enumerate() {
+            axis_state.push(Axis {
+                caps: axis_cap,
+                value: 0.0,
+                prev_value: 0.0,
+                axis: None,
+            });
+            axis_count = max(axis_count, axis_index + 1);
+        }
+        Some(RawGamepad {
+            handle,
+            pre_parsed_data,
+            button_count: button_count as usize,
+            button_state: button_state.clone(),
+            prev_button_state: button_state,
+            axis_count,
+            axis_state,
+        })
+    }
+
+    fn pre_parsed_data_ptr(&mut self) -> PHIDP_PREPARSED_DATA {
+        self.pre_parsed_data.as_mut_ptr() as PHIDP_PREPARSED_DATA
+    }
+
+    fn update_button_state(&mut self, raw_input_report: &mut [u8]) -> Option<()> {
+        let pre_parsed_data_ptr = self.pre_parsed_data_ptr();
+        self.prev_button_state =
+            mem::replace(&mut self.button_state, vec![false; self.button_count]);
+        let mut usages_len = 0;
+        // This is the officially documented way to get the required length, but it nonetheless returns
+        // `HIDP_STATUS_BUFFER_TOO_SMALL`...
+        unsafe {
+            HidP_GetUsagesEx(
+                HidP_Input,
+                0,
+                ptr::null_mut(),
+                &mut usages_len,
+                pre_parsed_data_ptr,
+                raw_input_report.as_mut_ptr() as PCHAR,
+                raw_input_report.len() as _,
+            )
+        };
+        let mut usages = Vec::with_capacity(usages_len as _);
+        let status = unsafe {
+            HidP_GetUsagesEx(
+                HidP_Input,
+                0,
+                usages.as_mut_ptr(),
+                &mut usages_len,
+                pre_parsed_data_ptr,
+                raw_input_report.as_mut_ptr() as PCHAR,
+                raw_input_report.len() as _,
+            )
+        };
+        if status != HIDP_STATUS_SUCCESS {
+            return None;
+        }
+        unsafe { usages.set_len(usages_len as _) };
+        for usage in usages {
+            if usage.UsagePage != 0xFF << 8 {
+                let button_index = (usage.Usage - 1) as usize;
+                self.button_state[button_index] = true;
+            }
+        }
+        Some(())
+    }
+
+    fn update_axis_state(&mut self, raw_input_report: &mut [u8]) -> Option<()> {
+        let pre_parsed_data_ptr = self.pre_parsed_data_ptr();
+        for axis in &mut self.axis_state {
+            let (status, axis_value) = if axis.caps.LogicalMin < 0 {
+                let mut scaled_axis_value = 0;
+                let status = unsafe {
+                    HidP_GetScaledUsageValue(
+                        HidP_Input,
+                        axis.caps.UsagePage,
+                        0,
+                        axis.caps.u.Range().UsageMin,
+                        &mut scaled_axis_value,
+                        pre_parsed_data_ptr,
+                        raw_input_report.as_mut_ptr() as PCHAR,
+                        raw_input_report.len() as _,
+                    )
+                };
+                (status, scaled_axis_value as f64)
+            } else {
+                let mut axis_value = 0;
+                let status = unsafe {
+                    HidP_GetUsageValue(
+                        HidP_Input,
+                        axis.caps.UsagePage,
+                        0,
+                        axis.caps.u.Range().UsageMin,
+                        &mut axis_value,
+                        pre_parsed_data_ptr,
+                        raw_input_report.as_mut_ptr() as PCHAR,
+                        raw_input_report.len() as _,
+                    )
+                };
+                (status, axis_value as f64)
+            };
+            if status != HIDP_STATUS_SUCCESS {
+                return None;
+            }
+            axis.prev_value = axis.value;
+            axis.value = util::normalize_symmetric(
+                axis_value,
+                axis.caps.LogicalMin as f64,
+                axis.caps.LogicalMax as f64,
+            );
+        }
+        Some(())
+    }
+
+    pub unsafe fn update_state(&mut self, raw_input_report: &mut [u8]) -> Option<()> {
+        self.update_button_state(raw_input_report)?;
+        self.update_axis_state(raw_input_report)?;
+        Some(())
+    }
+
+    pub fn get_changed_buttons(&self) -> impl '_ + Iterator<Item = GamepadEvent> {
+        self.button_state
+            .iter()
+            .zip(self.prev_button_state.iter())
+            .enumerate()
+            .filter(|&(_, (button, prev_button))| button != prev_button)
+            .map(|(index, (button, _))| {
+                let state = if *button {
+                    ElementState::Pressed
+                } else {
+                    ElementState::Released
+                };
+                GamepadEvent::Button {
+                    button_id: index as _,
+                    button: None,
+                    state,
+                }
+            })
+    }
+
+    pub fn get_changed_axes(&self) -> impl '_ + Iterator<Item = GamepadEvent> {
+        self.axis_state
+            .iter()
+            .enumerate()
+            .filter(|&(_, axis)| axis.value != axis.prev_value)
+            .map(|(index, axis)| GamepadEvent::Axis {
+                axis_id: index as _,
+                axis: axis.axis,
+                value: axis.value,
+                stick: false,
+            })
+    }
+
+    pub fn get_gamepad_events(&self) -> Vec<GamepadEvent> {
+        self.get_changed_axes()
+            .chain(self.get_changed_buttons())
+            .collect()
+    }
+
+    // pub fn rumble(&mut self, _left_speed: u16, _right_speed: u16) {
+    //     // Even though I can't read German, this is still the most useful resource I found:
+    //     // https://zfx.info/viewtopic.php?t=3574&f=7
+    //     // I'm not optimistic about it being possible to implement this.
+    // }
+}

src/platform_impl/windows/util.rs

@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 use std::{
     io, mem,
-    ops::BitAnd,
     os::raw::c_void,
     ptr, slice,
     sync::atomic::{AtomicBool, Ordering},
@@ -21,6 +20,8 @@ use winapi::{
     },
 };
 
+pub use crate::util::*;
+
 // Helper function to dynamically load function pointer.
 // `library` and `function` must be zero-terminated.
 pub(super) fn get_function_impl(library: &str, function: &str) -> Option<*const c_void> {
@@ -51,13 +52,6 @@ macro_rules! get_function {
     };
 }
 
-pub fn has_flag<T>(bitset: T, flag: T) -> bool
-where
-    T: Copy + PartialEq + BitAnd<T, Output = T>,
-{
-    bitset & flag == flag
-}
-
 pub fn wchar_to_string(wchar: &[wchar_t]) -> String {
     String::from_utf16_lossy(wchar).to_string()
 }

src/platform_impl/windows/window.rs

@@ -34,10 +34,12 @@ use crate::{
     error::{ExternalError, NotSupportedError, OsError as RootOsError},
     monitor::MonitorHandle as RootMonitorHandle,
     platform_impl::platform::{
-        dark_mode::try_dark_mode,
         dpi::{dpi_to_scale_factor, hwnd_dpi},
         drop_handler::FileDropHandler,
-        event_loop::{self, EventLoopWindowTarget, DESTROY_MSG_ID, INITIAL_DPI_MSG_ID},
+        event_loop::{
+            self, EventLoopWindowTarget, DESTROY_MSG_ID, INITIAL_DPI_MSG_ID,
+            REQUEST_REDRAW_NO_NEWEVENTS_MSG_ID,
+        },
         icon::{self, IconType, WinIcon},
         monitor, util,
         window_state::{CursorFlags, SavedWindow, WindowFlags, WindowState},
@@ -82,12 +84,12 @@ impl Window {
                         panic!("OleInitialize failed! Result was: `RPC_E_CHANGED_MODE`");
                     }
 
-                    let file_drop_runner = event_loop.runner_shared.clone();
+                    let shared_data = event_loop.shared_data.clone();
                     let file_drop_handler = FileDropHandler::new(
                         win.window.0,
                         Box::new(move |event| {
                             if let Ok(e) = event.map_nonuser_event() {
-                                file_drop_runner.send_event(e)
+                                shared_data.runner_shared.send_event(e)
                             }
                         }),
                     );
@@ -103,7 +105,7 @@ impl Window {
 
                 let subclass_input = event_loop::SubclassInput {
                     window_state: win.window_state.clone(),
-                    event_loop_runner: event_loop.runner_shared.clone(),
+                    shared_data: event_loop.shared_data.clone(),
                     file_drop_handler,
                 };
 
@@ -125,24 +127,33 @@ impl Window {
 
     #[inline]
     pub fn set_visible(&self, visible: bool) {
-        let window_state = Arc::clone(&self.window_state);
-        let window = self.window.clone();
-        self.thread_executor.execute_in_thread(move || {
-            WindowState::set_window_flags(window_state.lock(), window.0, |f| {
-                f.set(WindowFlags::VISIBLE, visible)
-            });
-        });
+        match visible {
+            true => unsafe {
+                winuser::ShowWindow(self.window.0, winuser::SW_SHOW);
+            },
+            false => unsafe {
+                winuser::ShowWindow(self.window.0, winuser::SW_HIDE);
+            },
+        }
     }
 
     #[inline]
     pub fn request_redraw(&self) {
         unsafe {
-            winuser::RedrawWindow(
-                self.window.0,
-                ptr::null(),
-                ptr::null_mut(),
-                winuser::RDW_INTERNALPAINT,
-            );
+            if self.thread_executor.trigger_newevents_on_redraw() {
+                winuser::RedrawWindow(
+                    self.window.0,
+                    ptr::null(),
+                    ptr::null_mut(),
+                    winuser::RDW_INTERNALPAINT,
+                );
+            } else {
+                let mut window_state = self.window_state.lock();
+                if !window_state.queued_out_of_band_redraw {
+                    window_state.queued_out_of_band_redraw = true;
+                    winuser::PostMessageW(self.window.0, *REQUEST_REDRAW_NO_NEWEVENTS_MSG_ID, 0, 0);
+                }
+            }
         }
     }
 
@@ -439,18 +450,6 @@ impl Window {
         WindowId(self.window.0)
     }
 
-    #[inline]
-    pub fn set_minimized(&self, minimized: bool) {
-        let window = self.window.clone();
-        let window_state = Arc::clone(&self.window_state);
-
-        self.thread_executor.execute_in_thread(move || {
-            WindowState::set_window_flags(window_state.lock(), window.0, |f| {
-                f.set(WindowFlags::MINIMIZED, minimized)
-            });
-        });
-    }
-
     #[inline]
     pub fn set_maximized(&self, maximized: bool) {
         let window = self.window.clone();
@@ -694,11 +693,6 @@ impl Window {
     pub fn set_ime_position(&self, _logical_spot: LogicalPosition) {
         unimplemented!();
     }
-
-    #[inline]
-    pub fn is_dark_mode(&self) -> bool {
-        self.window_state.lock().is_dark_mode
-    }
 }
 
 impl Drop for Window {
@@ -903,19 +897,8 @@ unsafe fn init<T: 'static>(
     window_flags.set(WindowFlags::VISIBLE, attributes.visible);
     window_flags.set(WindowFlags::MAXIMIZED, attributes.maximized);
 
-    // If the system theme is dark, we need to set the window theme now
-    // before we update the window flags (and possibly show the
-    // window for the first time).
-    let dark_mode = try_dark_mode(real_window.0);
-
     let window_state = {
-        let window_state = WindowState::new(
-            &attributes,
-            window_icon,
-            taskbar_icon,
-            dpi_factor,
-            dark_mode,
-        );
+        let window_state = WindowState::new(&attributes, window_icon, taskbar_icon, dpi_factor);
         let window_state = Arc::new(Mutex::new(window_state));
         WindowState::set_window_flags(window_state.lock(), real_window.0, |f| *f = window_flags);
         window_state

src/platform_impl/windows/window_state.rs

@@ -32,7 +32,6 @@ pub struct WindowState {
     /// Used to supress duplicate redraw attempts when calling `request_redraw` multiple
     /// times in `EventsCleared`.
     pub queued_out_of_band_redraw: bool,
-    pub is_dark_mode: bool,
     pub high_surrogate: Option<u16>,
     window_flags: WindowFlags,
 }
@@ -80,8 +79,6 @@ bitflags! {
         /// window's state to match our stored state. This controls whether to accept those changes.
         const MARKER_RETAIN_STATE_ON_SIZE = 1 << 10;
 
-        const MINIMIZED = 1 << 11;
-
         const FULLSCREEN_AND_MASK = !(
             WindowFlags::DECORATIONS.bits |
             WindowFlags::RESIZABLE.bits |
@@ -99,7 +96,6 @@ impl WindowState {
         window_icon: Option<WinIcon>,
         taskbar_icon: Option<WinIcon>,
         dpi_factor: f64,
-        is_dark_mode: bool,
     ) -> WindowState {
         WindowState {
             mouse: MouseProperties {
@@ -119,7 +115,6 @@ impl WindowState {
 
             fullscreen: None,
             queued_out_of_band_redraw: false,
-            is_dark_mode,
             high_surrogate: None,
             window_flags: WindowFlags::empty(),
         }
@@ -217,9 +212,6 @@ impl WindowFlags {
         if self.contains(WindowFlags::CHILD) {
             style |= WS_CHILD; // This is incompatible with WS_POPUP if that gets added eventually.
         }
-        if self.contains(WindowFlags::MINIMIZED) {
-            style |= WS_MINIMIZE;
-        }
         if self.contains(WindowFlags::MAXIMIZED) {
             style |= WS_MAXIMIZE;
         }
@@ -284,30 +276,14 @@ impl WindowFlags {
             }
         }
 
-        // Minimize operations should execute after maximize for proper window animations
-        if diff.contains(WindowFlags::MINIMIZED) {
-            unsafe {
-                winuser::ShowWindow(
-                    window,
-                    match new.contains(WindowFlags::MINIMIZED) {
-                        true => winuser::SW_MINIMIZE,
-                        false => winuser::SW_RESTORE,
-                    },
-                );
-            }
-        }
-
         if diff != WindowFlags::empty() {
             let (style, style_ex) = new.to_window_styles();
 
             unsafe {
                 winuser::SendMessageW(window, *event_loop::SET_RETAIN_STATE_ON_SIZE_MSG_ID, 1, 0);
 
-                // This condition is necessary to avoid having an unrestorable window
-                if !new.contains(WindowFlags::MINIMIZED) {
-                    winuser::SetWindowLongW(window, winuser::GWL_STYLE, style as _);
-                    winuser::SetWindowLongW(window, winuser::GWL_EXSTYLE, style_ex as _);
-                }
+                winuser::SetWindowLongW(window, winuser::GWL_STYLE, style as _);
+                winuser::SetWindowLongW(window, winuser::GWL_EXSTYLE, style_ex as _);
 
                 let mut flags = winuser::SWP_NOZORDER
                     | winuser::SWP_NOMOVE

src/platform_impl/windows/xinput.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,334 @@
+use std::{
+    io, mem,
+    sync::{Arc, Weak},
+};
+
+use rusty_xinput::*;
+use winapi::{
+    shared::minwindef::{DWORD, WORD},
+    um::xinput::*,
+};
+
+use crate::{
+    event::{
+        device::{BatteryLevel, GamepadAxis, GamepadButton, GamepadEvent, RumbleError, Side},
+        ElementState,
+    },
+    platform_impl::platform::util,
+};
+
+lazy_static! {
+    static ref XINPUT_HANDLE: Option<XInputHandle> = XInputHandle::load_default().ok();
+}
+
+static BUTTONS: &[(WORD, u32, GamepadButton)] = &[
+    (XINPUT_GAMEPAD_DPAD_UP, 12, GamepadButton::DPadUp),
+    (XINPUT_GAMEPAD_DPAD_DOWN, 13, GamepadButton::DPadDown),
+    (XINPUT_GAMEPAD_DPAD_LEFT, 14, GamepadButton::DPadLeft),
+    (XINPUT_GAMEPAD_DPAD_RIGHT, 15, GamepadButton::DPadRight),
+    (XINPUT_GAMEPAD_START, 9, GamepadButton::Start),
+    (XINPUT_GAMEPAD_BACK, 8, GamepadButton::Select),
+    (XINPUT_GAMEPAD_LEFT_THUMB, 10, GamepadButton::LeftStick),
+    (XINPUT_GAMEPAD_RIGHT_THUMB, 11, GamepadButton::RightStick),
+    (XINPUT_GAMEPAD_LEFT_SHOULDER, 4, GamepadButton::LeftShoulder),
+    (
+        XINPUT_GAMEPAD_RIGHT_SHOULDER,
+        5,
+        GamepadButton::RightShoulder,
+    ),
+    (XINPUT_GAMEPAD_A, 0, GamepadButton::South),
+    (XINPUT_GAMEPAD_B, 1, GamepadButton::East),
+    (XINPUT_GAMEPAD_X, 2, GamepadButton::West),
+    (XINPUT_GAMEPAD_Y, 3, GamepadButton::North),
+];
+
+pub fn id_from_name(name: &str) -> Option<DWORD> {
+    // A device name looks like \\?\HID#VID_046D&PID_C21D&IG_00#8&6daf3b6&0&0000#{4d1e55b2-f16f-11cf-88cb-001111000030}
+    // The IG_00 substring indicates that this is an XInput gamepad, and that the ID is 00
+    let pat = "IG_0";
+    name.find(pat)
+        .and_then(|i| name[i + pat.len()..].chars().next())
+        .and_then(|c| match c {
+            '0' => Some(0),
+            '1' => Some(1),
+            '2' => Some(2),
+            '3' => Some(3),
+            _ => None,
+        })
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub struct XInputGamepad {
+    shared: Arc<XInputGamepadShared>,
+    prev_state: Option<XInputState>,
+    state: Option<XInputState>,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord, Hash)]
+pub struct XInputGamepadShared {
+    port: DWORD,
+}
+
+impl XInputGamepad {
+    pub fn new(port: DWORD) -> Option<Self> {
+        XINPUT_HANDLE.as_ref().map(|_| XInputGamepad {
+            shared: Arc::new(XInputGamepadShared { port }),
+            prev_state: None,
+            state: None,
+        })
+    }
+
+    pub fn update_state(&mut self) -> Option<()> {
+        let state = XINPUT_HANDLE
+            .as_ref()
+            .and_then(|h| h.get_state(self.shared.port).ok());
+        if state.is_some() {
+            self.prev_state = mem::replace(&mut self.state, state);
+            Some(())
+        } else {
+            None
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn check_trigger_digital(
+        events: &mut Vec<GamepadEvent>,
+        value: bool,
+        prev_value: Option<bool>,
+        side: Side,
+    ) {
+        const LEFT_TRIGGER_ID: u32 = /*BUTTONS.len() as _*/ 16;
+        const RIGHT_TRIGGER_ID: u32 = LEFT_TRIGGER_ID + 1;
+        if Some(value) != prev_value {
+            let state = if value {
+                ElementState::Pressed
+            } else {
+                ElementState::Released
+            };
+            let (button_id, button) = match side {
+                Side::Left => (LEFT_TRIGGER_ID, Some(GamepadButton::LeftTrigger)),
+                Side::Right => (RIGHT_TRIGGER_ID, Some(GamepadButton::RightTrigger)),
+            };
+            events.push(GamepadEvent::Button {
+                button_id,
+                button,
+                state,
+            });
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn get_changed_buttons(&self, events: &mut Vec<GamepadEvent>) {
+        let (buttons, left_trigger, right_trigger) = match self.state.as_ref() {
+            Some(state) => (
+                state.raw.Gamepad.wButtons,
+                state.left_trigger_bool(),
+                state.right_trigger_bool(),
+            ),
+            None => return,
+        };
+        let (prev_buttons, prev_left, prev_right) = self
+            .prev_state
+            .as_ref()
+            .map(|state| {
+                (
+                    state.raw.Gamepad.wButtons,
+                    Some(state.left_trigger_bool()),
+                    Some(state.right_trigger_bool()),
+                )
+            })
+            .unwrap_or_else(|| (0, None, None));
+        /*
+        A = buttons
+        B = prev_buttons
+        C = changed
+        P = pressed
+        R = released
+         A B  C  C A  P  C B  R
+        (0 0) 0 (0 0) 0 (0 0) 0
+        (0 1) 1 (1 1) 1 (1 0) 0
+        (1 0) 1 (1 0) 0 (1 1) 1
+        (1 1) 0 (0 1) 0 (0 1) 0
+        */
+        let changed = buttons ^ prev_buttons;
+        let pressed = changed & buttons;
+        let released = changed & prev_buttons;
+        for &(flag, button_id, button) in BUTTONS {
+            let button = Some(button);
+            if util::has_flag(pressed, flag) {
+                events.push(GamepadEvent::Button {
+                    button_id,
+                    button,
+                    state: ElementState::Pressed,
+                });
+            } else if util::has_flag(released, flag) {
+                events.push(GamepadEvent::Button {
+                    button_id,
+                    button,
+                    state: ElementState::Released,
+                });
+            }
+        }
+        Self::check_trigger_digital(events, left_trigger, prev_left, Side::Left);
+        Self::check_trigger_digital(events, right_trigger, prev_right, Side::Right);
+    }
+
+    fn check_trigger(
+        events: &mut Vec<GamepadEvent>,
+        value: u8,
+        prev_value: Option<u8>,
+        side: Side,
+    ) {
+        const LEFT_TRIGGER_ID: u32 = 4;
+        const RIGHT_TRIGGER_ID: u32 = LEFT_TRIGGER_ID + 1;
+        if Some(value) != prev_value {
+            let (axis_id, axis) = match side {
+                Side::Left => (LEFT_TRIGGER_ID, Some(GamepadAxis::LeftTrigger)),
+                Side::Right => (RIGHT_TRIGGER_ID, Some(GamepadAxis::RightTrigger)),
+            };
+            events.push(GamepadEvent::Axis {
+                axis_id,
+                axis,
+                value: value as f64 / u8::max_value() as f64,
+                stick: false,
+            });
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn check_stick(
+        events: &mut Vec<GamepadEvent>,
+        value: (i16, i16),
+        prev_value: Option<(i16, i16)>,
+        stick: Side,
+    ) {
+        let (id, axis) = match stick {
+            Side::Left => ((0, 1), (GamepadAxis::LeftStickX, GamepadAxis::LeftStickY)),
+            Side::Right => ((2, 3), (GamepadAxis::RightStickX, GamepadAxis::RightStickY)),
+        };
+        let prev_x = prev_value.map(|prev| prev.0);
+        let prev_y = prev_value.map(|prev| prev.1);
+
+        let value_f64 = |value_int: i16| match value_int.signum() {
+            0 => 0.0,
+            1 => value_int as f64 / i16::max_value() as f64,
+            -1 => value_int as f64 / (i16::min_value() as f64).abs(),
+            _ => unreachable!(),
+        };
+
+        let value_f64 = (value_f64(value.0), value_f64(value.1));
+        if prev_x != Some(value.0) {
+            events.push(GamepadEvent::Axis {
+                axis_id: id.0,
+                axis: Some(axis.0),
+                value: value_f64.0,
+                stick: true,
+            });
+        }
+        if prev_y != Some(value.1) {
+            events.push(GamepadEvent::Axis {
+                axis_id: id.1,
+                axis: Some(axis.1),
+                value: value_f64.1,
+                stick: true,
+            });
+        }
+        if prev_x != Some(value.0) || prev_y != Some(value.1) {
+            events.push(GamepadEvent::Stick {
+                x_id: id.0,
+                y_id: id.1,
+                x_value: value_f64.0,
+                y_value: value_f64.1,
+                side: stick,
+            })
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn get_changed_axes(&self, events: &mut Vec<GamepadEvent>) {
+        let state = match self.state {
+            Some(ref state) => state,
+            None => return,
+        };
+        let left_stick = state.left_stick_raw();
+        let right_stick = state.right_stick_raw();
+        let left_trigger = state.left_trigger();
+        let right_trigger = state.right_trigger();
+
+        let prev_state = self.prev_state.as_ref();
+        let prev_left_stick = prev_state.map(|state| state.left_stick_raw());
+        let prev_right_stick = prev_state.map(|state| state.right_stick_raw());
+        let prev_left_trigger = prev_state.map(|state| state.left_trigger());
+        let prev_right_trigger = prev_state.map(|state| state.right_trigger());
+
+        Self::check_stick(events, left_stick, prev_left_stick, Side::Left);
+        Self::check_stick(events, right_stick, prev_right_stick, Side::Right);
+        Self::check_trigger(events, left_trigger, prev_left_trigger, Side::Left);
+        Self::check_trigger(events, right_trigger, prev_right_trigger, Side::Right);
+    }
+
+    pub fn get_gamepad_events(&self) -> Vec<GamepadEvent> {
+        let mut events = Vec::new();
+        self.get_changed_axes(&mut events);
+        self.get_changed_buttons(&mut events);
+        events
+    }
+
+    pub fn shared_data(&self) -> Weak<XInputGamepadShared> {
+        Arc::downgrade(&self.shared)
+    }
+}
+
+impl Drop for XInputGamepad {
+    fn drop(&mut self) {
+        // For some reason, if you don't attempt to retrieve the xinput gamepad state at least once
+        // after the gamepad was disconnected, all future attempts to read from a given port (even
+        // if a controller was plugged back into said port) will fail! I don't know why that happens,
+        // but this fixes it, so 🤷.
+        XINPUT_HANDLE
+            .as_ref()
+            .and_then(|h| h.get_state(self.shared.port).ok());
+    }
+}
+
+impl XInputGamepadShared {
+    pub fn rumble(&self, left_speed: f64, right_speed: f64) -> Result<(), RumbleError> {
+        let left_speed = (left_speed.max(0.0).min(1.0) * u16::max_value() as f64) as u16;
+        let right_speed = (right_speed.max(0.0).min(1.0) * u16::max_value() as f64) as u16;
+
+        let result = XINPUT_HANDLE
+            .as_ref()
+            .unwrap()
+            .set_state(self.port, left_speed, right_speed);
+        result.map_err(|e| match e {
+            XInputUsageError::XInputNotLoaded | XInputUsageError::InvalidControllerID => panic!(
+                "unexpected xinput error {:?}; this is a bug and should be reported",
+                e
+            ),
+            XInputUsageError::DeviceNotConnected => RumbleError::DeviceNotConnected,
+            XInputUsageError::UnknownError(code) => {
+                RumbleError::OsError(io::Error::from_raw_os_error(code as i32))
+            }
+        })
+    }
+
+    pub fn port(&self) -> u8 {
+        self.port as _
+    }
+
+    pub fn battery_level(&self) -> Option<BatteryLevel> {
+        use rusty_xinput::BatteryLevel as XBatteryLevel;
+
+        let battery_info = XINPUT_HANDLE
+            .as_ref()
+            .unwrap()
+            .get_gamepad_battery_information(self.port)
+            .ok()?;
+        match battery_info.battery_type {
+            BatteryType::ALKALINE | BatteryType::NIMH => match battery_info.battery_level {
+                XBatteryLevel::EMPTY => Some(BatteryLevel::Empty),
+                XBatteryLevel::LOW => Some(BatteryLevel::Low),
+                XBatteryLevel::MEDIUM => Some(BatteryLevel::Medium),
+                XBatteryLevel::FULL => Some(BatteryLevel::Full),
+                _ => None,
+            },
+            _ => None,
+        }
+    }
+}

src/util.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+use std::ops::BitAnd;
+
+pub fn has_flag<T>(bitset: T, flag: T) -> bool
+where
+    T: Copy + PartialEq + BitAnd<T, Output = T>,
+{
+    bitset & flag == flag
+}
+
+pub fn clamp(value: f64, min: f64, max: f64) -> f64 {
+    if value > max {
+        max
+    } else if value < min {
+        min
+    } else {
+        value
+    }
+}
+
+pub fn normalize_asymmetric(value: f64, min: f64, max: f64) -> f64 {
+    let range = max - min;
+    let translated = value - min;
+    let scaled = translated / range;
+    clamp(scaled, 0.0, 1.0)
+}
+
+pub fn normalize_symmetric(value: f64, min: f64, max: f64) -> f64 {
+    (2.0 * normalize_asymmetric(value, min, max)) - 1.0
+}

src/window.rs

@@ -572,16 +572,6 @@ impl Window {
         self.window.set_resizable(resizable)
     }
 
-    /// Sets the window to minimized or back
-    ///
-    /// ## Platform-specific
-    ///
-    /// - **iOS:** Has no effect
-    #[inline]
-    pub fn set_minimized(&self, minimized: bool) {
-        self.window.set_minimized(minimized);
-    }
-
     /// Sets the window to maximized or back.
     ///
     /// ## Platform-specific
@@ -857,9 +847,3 @@ pub enum Fullscreen {
     Exclusive(VideoMode),
     Borderless(MonitorHandle),
 }
-
-#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq)]
-pub enum Theme {
-    Light,
-    Dark,
-}

tests/send_objects.rs

@@ -22,6 +22,8 @@ fn window_send() {
 fn ids_send() {
     // ensures that the various `..Id` types implement `Send`
     needs_send::<winit::window::WindowId>();
-    needs_send::<winit::event::DeviceId>();
+    needs_send::<winit::event::device::MouseId>();
+    needs_send::<winit::event::device::KeyboardId>();
+    needs_send::<winit::event::device::GamepadHandle>();
     needs_send::<winit::monitor::MonitorHandle>();
 }